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Martínez-Levy GA, Maya-Martínez M, García-Marín LM, Díaz-Torres S, Gómez LM, Benjet C, Rentería ME, Cruz-Fuentes CS, Rabinowitz JA. Associations of externalizing polygenic scores with externalizing disorders among Mexican youth. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 171:346-353. [PMID: 38354668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Several studies have examined the association of externalizing polygenic scores (PGS) with externalizing symptoms in samples of European ancestry. However, less is known about the associations of externalizing polygenic vulnerability in relation to phenotypic externalizing disorders among individuals of different ancestries, such as Mexican youth. Here, we leveraged the largest genome-wide association study on externalizing behaviors that included over 1 million individuals of European ancestry to examine associations of externalizing PGS with a range of externalizing disorders in Mexican adolescents, and investigated whether adversity exposure in childhood moderated these associations. Participants (N = 1064; age range 12-17 years old; 58.8% female) were adolescents recruited for a general population survey on adolescent mental health in the Mexico City Metropolitan region and were genotyped. Childhood adversity exposure and externalizing disorders, specifically attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and substance use disorder, were assessed via the computer-assisted World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview for adolescents. A greater externalizing PGS was associated with a greater odds of any externalizing disorder (OR = 1.29 [1.12, 1.48]; p < 0.01) and ADHD (OR = 1.40 [1.15, 1.70]; p < 0.01) in the whole sample, and in females in particular. There were no main effects of the externalizing PGS on conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, or substance use disorder, nor did adversity exposure moderate these associations. Our results suggest that greater genetic propensity for externalizing disorders is associated with increased odds of any externalizing disorders and ADHD among Mexican adolescents, furthering our understanding of externalizing disorder manifestation in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Martínez-Levy
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mateo Maya-Martínez
- Licenciatura en Ciencias Genómicas, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Luis M García-Marín
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Santiago Díaz-Torres
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lina M Gómez
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Corina Benjet
- Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research, Center for Global Mental Health, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel E Rentería
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Carlos S Cruz-Fuentes
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jill A Rabinowitz
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore MD 21205, USA.
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2
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Aloi J, Kwon E, Hummer TA, Crum KI, Shah N, Pratt L, Aalsma MC, Finn P, Nurnberger J, Hulvershorn LA. Family history of substance use disorder and parental impulsivity are differentially associated with neural responses during risky decision-making. FRONTIERS IN NEUROIMAGING 2023; 2:1110494. [PMID: 37554652 PMCID: PMC10406275 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2023.1110494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Risky decision-making is associated with the development of substance use behaviors during adolescence. Although prior work has investigated risky decision-making in adolescents at familial high risk for developing substance use disorders (SUDs), little research has controlled for the presence of co-morbid externalizing disorders (EDs). Additionally, few studies have investigated the role of parental impulsivity in offspring neurobiology associated with risky decision-making. Methods One-hundred twenty-five children (28 healthy controls, 47 psychiatric controls with EDs without a familial history of SUD, and 50 high-risk children with co-morbid EDs with a familial history of SUD) participated in the Balloon Analog Risk Task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Impulsivity for parents and children was measured using the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale. Results We found that individuals in the psychiatric control group showed greater activation, as chances of balloon explosion increased, while making choices, relative to the healthy control and high-risk groups in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC). We also found a positive association between greater activation and parental impulsivity in these regions. However, within rACC, this relationship was moderated by group, such that there was a positive relationship between activation and parental impulsivity in the HC group, but an inverse relationship in the HR group. Conclusions These findings suggest that there are key differences in the neurobiology underlying risky decision-making in individuals with EDs with and without a familial history of SUD. The current findings build on existing models of neurobiological factors influencing addiction risk by integrating parental factors. This work paves the way for more precise risk models in which to test preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Aloi
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Elizabeth Kwon
- Department of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Tom A. Hummer
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kathleen I. Crum
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Nikhil Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lauren Pratt
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Matthew C. Aalsma
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Peter Finn
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - John Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Leslie A. Hulvershorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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3
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Kimbrel NA, Ashley-Koch AE, Qin XJ, Lindquist JH, Garrett ME, Dennis MF, Hair LP, Huffman JE, Jacobson DA, Madduri RK, Trafton JA, Coon H, Docherty AR, Mullins N, Ruderfer DM, Harvey PD, McMahon BH, Oslin DW, Beckham JC, Hauser ER, Hauser MA, Ashley-Koch AE, Aslan M, Beckham JC, Begoli E, Bhattacharya T, Brown B, Calhoun PS, Cheung KH, Choudhury S, Cliff AM, Cohn JD, Crivelli S, Cuellar-Hengartner L, Deangelis HE, Dennis MF, Dhaubhadel S, Finley PD, Ganguly K, Garvin MR, Gelernter JE, Hair LP, Harvey PD, Hauser ER, Hauser MA, Hengartner NW, Jacobson DA, Jones PC, Kainer D, Kaplan AD, Katz IR, Kember RL, Kimbrel NA, Kirby AC, Ko JC, Kolade B, Lagergren JH, Lane MJ, Levey DF, Levin D, Lindquist JH, Liu X, Madduri RK, Manore C, Martins SB, McCarthy JF, McDevitt-Cashman M, McMahon BH, Miller I, Morrow D, Oslin DW, Pavicic-Venegas M, Pestian J, Pyarajan S, Qin XJ, Rajeevan N, Ramsey CM, Ribeiro R, Rodriguez A, Romero J, Santel D, Schaefferkoetter N, Shi Y, Stein MB, Sullivan K, Sun N, Tamang SR, Townsend A, Trafton JA, Walker A, Wang X, Wangia-Anderson V, Yang R, Yoon HJ, Yoo S, Zamora-Resendiz R, Zhao H, Docherty AR, Mullins N, Coleman JRI, Shabalin A, Kang J, Murnyak B, Wendt F, Adams M, Campos AI, DiBlasi E, Fullerton JM, Kranzler HR, Bakian A, Monson ET, Rentería ME, Andreassen OA, Bulik CM, Edenberg HJ, Kessler RC, Mann JJ, Nurnberger JI, Pistis G, Streit F, Ursano RJ, Awasthi S, Bergen AW, Berrettini WH, Bohus M, Brandt H, Chang X, Chen HC, Chen WJ, Christensen ED, Crawford S, Crow S, Duriez P, Edwards AC, Fernández-Aranda F, Fichter MM, Galfalvy H, Gallinger S, Gandal M, Gorwood P, Guo Y, Hafferty JD, Hakonarson H, Halmi KA, Hishimoto A, Jain S, Jamain S, Jiménez-Murcia S, Johnson C, Kaplan AS, Kaye WH, Keel PK, Kennedy JL, Kim M, Klump KL, Levey DF, Li D, Liao SC, Lieb K, Lilenfeld L, Lori A, Magistretti PJ, Marshall CR, Mitchell JE, Myers RM, Okazaki S, Otsuka I, Pinto D, Powers A, Ramoz N, Ripke S, Roepke S, Rozanov V, Scherer SW, Schmahl C, Sokolowski M, Starnawska A, Strober M, Su MH, Thornton LM, Treasure J, Ware EB, Watson HJ, Witt SH, Woodside DB, Yilmaz Z, Zillich L, Agerbo E, Børglum AD, Breen G, Demontis D, Erlangsen A, Esko T, Gelernter J, Glatt SJ, Hougaard DM, Hwu HG, Kuo PH, Lewis CM, Li QS, Liu CM, Martin NG, McIntosh AM, Medland SE, Mors O, Nordentoft M, Nurnberger JI, Olsen C, Porteous D, Smith DJ, Stahl EA, Stein MB, Wasserman D, Werge T, Whiteman DC, Willour V, Coon H, Ruderfer DM, Dedert E, Elbogen EB, Fairbank JA, Hurley RA, Kilts JD, Martindale SL, Marx CE, McDonald SD, Moore SD, Morey RA, Naylor JC, Rowland J, Shura RD, Swinkels C, Tupler LA, Van Voorhees EE, Yoash-Gantz R, Gaziano JM, Muralidhar S, Ramoni R, Chang KM, O’Donnell CJ, Tsao PS, Breeling J, Hauser E, Sun Y, Huang G, Casas JP, Moser J, Whitbourne SB, Brewer JV, Conner T, Argyres DP, Stephens B, Brophy MT, Humphries DE, Selva LE, Do N, Shayan S(A, Cho K, Churby L, Wilson P, McArdle R, Dellitalia L, Mattocks K, Harley J, Whittle J, Jacono F, Wells J, Gutierrez S, Gibson G, Hammer K, Kaminsky L, Villareal G, Kinlay S, Xu J, Hamner M, Mathew R, Bhushan S, Iruvanti P, Godschalk M, Ballas Z, Ivins D, Mastorides S, Moorman J, Gappy S, Klein J, Ratcliffe N, Florez H, Okusaga O, Murdoch M, Sriram P, Yeh SS, Tandon N, Jhala D, Liangpunsakul S, Oursler KA, Whooley M, Ahuja S, Constans J, Meyer P, Greco J, Rauchman M, Servatius R, Gaddy M, Wallbom A, Morgan T, Stapley T, Sherman S, Ross G, Strollo P, Boyko E, Meyer L, Gupta S, Huq M, Fayad J, Hung A, Lichy J, Hurley R, Robey B, Striker R. Identification of Novel, Replicable Genetic Risk Loci for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among US Military Veterans. JAMA Psychiatry 2023; 80:135-145. [PMID: 36515925 PMCID: PMC9857322 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Importance Suicide is a leading cause of death; however, the molecular genetic basis of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (SITB) remains unknown. Objective To identify novel, replicable genomic risk loci for SITB. Design, Setting, and Participants This genome-wide association study included 633 778 US military veterans with and without SITB, as identified through electronic health records. GWAS was performed separately by ancestry, controlling for sex, age, and genetic substructure. Cross-ancestry risk loci were identified through meta-analysis. Study enrollment began in 2011 and is ongoing. Data were analyzed from November 2021 to August 2022. Main Outcome and Measures SITB. Results A total of 633 778 US military veterans were included in the analysis (57 152 [9%] female; 121 118 [19.1%] African ancestry, 8285 [1.3%] Asian ancestry, 452 767 [71.4%] European ancestry, and 51 608 [8.1%] Hispanic ancestry), including 121 211 individuals with SITB (19.1%). Meta-analysis identified more than 200 GWS (P < 5 × 10-8) cross-ancestry risk single-nucleotide variants for SITB concentrated in 7 regions on chromosomes 2, 6, 9, 11, 14, 16, and 18. Top single-nucleotide variants were largely intronic in nature; 5 were independently replicated in ISGC, including rs6557168 in ESR1, rs12808482 in DRD2, rs77641763 in EXD3, rs10671545 in DCC, and rs36006172 in TRAF3. Associations for FBXL19 and AC018880.2 were not replicated. Gene-based analyses implicated 24 additional GWS cross-ancestry risk genes, including FURIN, TSNARE1, and the NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 gene cluster. Cross-ancestry enrichment analyses revealed significant enrichment for expression in brain and pituitary tissue, synapse and ubiquitination processes, amphetamine addiction, parathyroid hormone synthesis, axon guidance, and dopaminergic pathways. Seven other unique European ancestry-specific GWS loci were identified, 2 of which (POM121L2 and METTL15/LINC02758) were replicated. Two additional GWS ancestry-specific loci were identified within the African ancestry (PET112/GATB) and Hispanic ancestry (intergenic locus on chromosome 4) subsets, both of which were replicated. No GWS loci were identified within the Asian ancestry subset; however, significant enrichment was observed for axon guidance, cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling, focal adhesion, glutamatergic synapse, and oxytocin signaling pathways across all ancestries. Within the European ancestry subset, genetic correlations (r > 0.75) were observed between the SITB phenotype and a suicide attempt-only phenotype, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Additionally, polygenic risk score analyses revealed that the Million Veteran Program polygenic risk score had nominally significant main effects in 2 independent samples of veterans of European and African ancestry. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this analysis may advance understanding of the molecular genetic basis of SITB and provide evidence for ESR1, DRD2, TRAF3, and DCC as cross-ancestry candidate risk genes. More work is needed to replicate these findings and to determine if and how these genes might impact clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Kimbrel
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina,Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, North Carolina,Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham, North Carolina,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Allison E. Ashley-Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Xue J. Qin
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer H. Lindquist
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Michelle F. Dennis
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lauren P. Hair
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer E. Huffman
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel A. Jacobson
- Biosciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee,Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,Department of Psychology, NeuroNet Research Center, University of Tennessee Knoxville
| | - Ravi K. Madduri
- Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,Data Science and Learning Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois
| | - Jodie A. Trafton
- Program Evaluation and Resource Center, Office of Mental Health and Suicide Prevention, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, California
| | - Hilary Coon
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City,Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Anna R. Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry, Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Niamh Mullins
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Douglas M. Ruderfer
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Philip D. Harvey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,Research Service, Bruce W. Carter VA Medical Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Benjamin H. McMahon
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - David W. Oslin
- Veterans Integrated Service Networks 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Center of Excellence, Corporal Michael J Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina,Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, North Carolina,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Elizabeth R. Hauser
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael A. Hauser
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, North Carolina,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Allison E. Ashley-Koch
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Mihaela Aslan
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Edmond Begoli
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Tanmoy Bhattacharya
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Ben Brown
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Patrick S. Calhoun
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Kei-Hoi Cheung
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Sutanay Choudhury
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Ashley M. Cliff
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Judith D. Cohn
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Silvia Crivelli
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Leticia Cuellar-Hengartner
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Haedi E. Deangelis
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Michelle F. Dennis
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Sayera Dhaubhadel
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Patrick D. Finley
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Kumkum Ganguly
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Michael R. Garvin
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Joel E. Gelernter
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Lauren P. Hair
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Phillip D. Harvey
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Elizabeth R. Hauser
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Michael A. Hauser
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Nick W. Hengartner
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Daniel A. Jacobson
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Piet C. Jones
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - David Kainer
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Alan D. Kaplan
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Ira R. Katz
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Rachel L. Kember
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Nathan A. Kimbrel
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Angela C. Kirby
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - John C. Ko
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Beauty Kolade
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - John H. Lagergren
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Matthew J. Lane
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Daniel F. Levey
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Drew Levin
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Jennifer H. Lindquist
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Xianlian Liu
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Ravi K. Madduri
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Carrie Manore
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Susana B. Martins
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - John F. McCarthy
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Mikaela McDevitt-Cashman
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Benjamin H. McMahon
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Izaak Miller
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Destinee Morrow
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| | - David W. Oslin
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| | - Mirko Pavicic-Venegas
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| | - John Pestian
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| | - Saiju Pyarajan
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| | - Xue J. Qin
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| | - Nallakkandi Rajeevan
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| | - Christine M. Ramsey
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| | - Ruy Ribeiro
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| | - Alex Rodriguez
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| | - Jonathan Romero
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| | - Daniel Santel
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| | - Noah Schaefferkoetter
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| | - Yunling Shi
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| | - Murray B. Stein
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| | - Kyle Sullivan
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| | - Ning Sun
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| | - Suzanne R. Tamang
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| | - Alice Townsend
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| | - Jodie A. Trafton
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| | - Angelica Walker
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| | - Xiange Wang
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| | - Victoria Wangia-Anderson
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| | - Renji Yang
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| | - Hong-Jun Yoon
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| | - Shinjae Yoo
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| | - Rafael Zamora-Resendiz
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| | - Hongyu Zhao
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| | - Anna R Docherty
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| | - Niamh Mullins
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| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
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| | - Andrey Shabalin
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| | - JooEun Kang
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| | - Balasz Murnyak
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| | - Frank Wendt
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| | - Mark Adams
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| | - Adrian I Campos
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| | - Emily DiBlasi
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| | - Janice M Fullerton
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| | - Henry R Kranzler
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| | - Amanda Bakian
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| | - Eric T Monson
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Miguel E Rentería
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| | - Ole A Andreassen
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| | - Cynthia M Bulik
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| | - Howard J Edenberg
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| | - Ronald C Kessler
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - J John Mann
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| | - John I. Nurnberger
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| | - Giorgio Pistis
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| | - Fabian Streit
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| | - Robert J Ursano
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| | - Swapnil Awasthi
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| | - Andrew W Bergen
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| | - Wade H Berrettini
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| | - Martin Bohus
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| | - Harry Brandt
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| | - Xiao Chang
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| | - Hsi-Chung Chen
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| | - Wei J Chen
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| | - Erik D Christensen
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| | - Steven Crawford
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| | - Scott Crow
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| | - Philibert Duriez
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Alexis C Edwards
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| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
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| | - Manfred M Fichter
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| | - Hanga Galfalvy
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| | - Steven Gallinger
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| | - Michael Gandal
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| | - Philip Gorwood
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| | - Yiran Guo
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| | - Jonathan D Hafferty
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| | - Hakon Hakonarson
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| | - Katherine A Halmi
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| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
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| | - Sonia Jain
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| | - Stéphane Jamain
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| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
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| | - Craig Johnson
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| | - Allan S Kaplan
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| | - Walter H Kaye
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| | - Pamela K Keel
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| | - James L Kennedy
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| | - Minsoo Kim
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| | - Kelly L Klump
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| | - Daniel F Levey
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| | - Dong Li
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| | - Shih-Cheng Liao
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| | - Klaus Lieb
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| | - Lisa Lilenfeld
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| | - Adriana Lori
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| | - Pierre J Magistretti
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| | - Christian R Marshall
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| | - James E Mitchell
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| | - Richard M Myers
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| | - Satoshi Okazaki
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| | - Ikuo Otsuka
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| | - Dalila Pinto
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| | - Abigail Powers
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| | - Nicolas Ramoz
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| | - Stephan Ripke
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| | - Stefan Roepke
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| | - Vsevolod Rozanov
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| | - Stephen W Scherer
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| | - Christian Schmahl
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| | - Marcus Sokolowski
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| | - Anna Starnawska
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| | - Michael Strober
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| | - Mei-Hsin Su
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| | - Laura M Thornton
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| | - Janet Treasure
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| | - Erin B Ware
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| | - Hunna J Watson
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| | - Stephanie H Witt
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| | - D Blake Woodside
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| | - Zeynep Yilmaz
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| | - Lea Zillich
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| | - Esben Agerbo
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| | - Anders D Børglum
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| | - Gerome Breen
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| | - Ditte Demontis
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| | - Annette Erlangsen
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| | - Tõnu Esko
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| | - Joel Gelernter
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| | - Stephen J Glatt
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| | - David M Hougaard
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| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
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| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
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| | - Cathryn M Lewis
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| | - Qingqin S Li
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| | - Chih-Min Liu
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| | - Nicholas G Martin
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Sarah E Medland
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| | - Ole Mors
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| | - Merete Nordentoft
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| | - John I Nurnberger
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| | - Catherine Olsen
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| | - David Porteous
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| | - Daniel J Smith
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| | - Eli A Stahl
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| | - Murray B Stein
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| | - Danuta Wasserman
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| | - Thomas Werge
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| | - David C Whiteman
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| | - Virginia Willour
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| | - Eric Dedert
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| | - Robin A. Hurley
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| | - Christine E. Marx
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| | - Scott D. McDonald
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| | - Elizabeth Hauser
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| | - Yan Sun
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| | - Juan P. Casas
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| | - Jennifer Moser
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| | - Jessica V. Brewer
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| | - Todd Conner
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| | - Dean P. Argyres
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Brady Stephens
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| | - Mary T. Brophy
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Donald E. Humphries
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| | - Luis E. Selva
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| | - Nhan Do
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Shahpoor (Alex) Shayan
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| | - Kelly Cho
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Lori Churby
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Peter Wilson
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| | - Rachel McArdle
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| | - Louis Dellitalia
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Kristin Mattocks
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - John Harley
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Jeffrey Whittle
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Frank Jacono
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - John Wells
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Salvador Gutierrez
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Gretchen Gibson
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Kimberly Hammer
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Laurence Kaminsky
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Gerardo Villareal
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Scott Kinlay
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Junzhe Xu
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Mark Hamner
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Roy Mathew
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Sujata Bhushan
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Pran Iruvanti
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Michael Godschalk
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Zuhair Ballas
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Douglas Ivins
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Stephen Mastorides
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Jonathan Moorman
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Saib Gappy
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Jon Klein
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Nora Ratcliffe
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Hermes Florez
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Olaoluwa Okusaga
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Maureen Murdoch
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Peruvemba Sriram
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Shing Shing Yeh
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Neeraj Tandon
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Darshana Jhala
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Kris Ann Oursler
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Mary Whooley
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Sunil Ahuja
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Joseph Constans
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Paul Meyer
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Jennifer Greco
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Michael Rauchman
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Richard Servatius
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Melinda Gaddy
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Agnes Wallbom
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Timothy Morgan
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Todd Stapley
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Scott Sherman
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - George Ross
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Patrick Strollo
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Edward Boyko
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Laurence Meyer
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Samir Gupta
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Mostaqul Huq
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Joseph Fayad
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Adriana Hung
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Jack Lichy
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Robin Hurley
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Brooks Robey
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
| | - Robert Striker
- for the Million Veteran Program Suicide Exemplar Workgroup, the International Suicide Genetics Consortium, the Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Workgroup, and the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program
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Kung PL, Chou TW, Lindman M, Chang NP, Estevez I, Buckley BD, Atkins C, Daniels BP. Zika virus-induced TNF-α signaling dysregulates expression of neurologic genes associated with psychiatric disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:100. [PMID: 35462541 PMCID: PMC9036774 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus of global concern. ZIKV infection of the central nervous system has been linked to a variety of clinical syndromes, including microcephaly in fetuses and rare but serious neurologic disease in adults. However, the potential for ZIKV to influence brain physiology and host behavior following apparently mild or subclinical infection is less well understood. Furthermore, though deficits in cognitive function are well-documented after recovery from neuroinvasive viral infection, the potential impact of ZIKV on other host behavioral domains has not been thoroughly explored. METHODS We used transcriptomic profiling, including unbiased gene ontology enrichment analysis, to assess the impact of ZIKV infection on gene expression in primary cortical neuron cultures. These studies were extended with molecular biological analysis of gene expression and inflammatory cytokine signaling. In vitro observations were further confirmed using established in vivo models of ZIKV infection in immunocompetent hosts. RESULTS Transcriptomic profiling of primary neuron cultures following ZIKV infection revealed altered expression of key genes associated with major psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Gene ontology enrichment analysis also revealed significant changes in gene expression associated with fundamental neurobiological processes, including neuronal development, neurotransmission, and others. These alterations to neurologic gene expression were also observed in the brain in vivo using several immunocompetent mouse models of ZIKV infection. Mechanistic studies identified TNF-α signaling via TNFR1 as a major regulatory mechanism controlling ZIKV-induced changes to neurologic gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Our studies reveal that cell-intrinsic innate immune responses to ZIKV infection profoundly shape neuronal transcriptional profiles, highlighting the need to further explore associations between ZIKV infection and disordered host behavioral states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Lun Kung
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Room B314, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Tsui-Wen Chou
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Room B314, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Marissa Lindman
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Room B314, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Nydia P. Chang
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Room B314, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Irving Estevez
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Room B314, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Benjamin D. Buckley
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Room B314, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Colm Atkins
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Room B314, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Brian P. Daniels
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Room B314, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
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Cervantes-Henríquez ML, Acosta-López JE, Martinez AF, Arcos-Burgos M, Puentes-Rozo PJ, Vélez JI. Machine Learning Prediction of ADHD Severity: Association and Linkage to ADGRL3, DRD4, and SNAP25. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:587-605. [PMID: 34009035 DOI: 10.1177/10870547211015426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ADGRL3, DRD4, and SNAP25 genes are associated with and predict ADHD severity in families from a Caribbean community. METHOD ADHD severity was derived using latent class cluster analysis of DSM-IV symptomatology. Family-based association tests were conducted to detect associations between SNPs and ADHD severity latent phenotypes. Machine learning algorithms were used to build predictive models of ADHD severity based on demographic and genetic data. RESULTS Individuals with ADHD exhibited two seemingly independent latent class severity configurations. SNPs harbored in DRD4, SNAP25, and ADGRL3 showed evidence of linkage and association to symptoms severity and a potential pleiotropic effect on distinct domains of ADHD severity. Predictive models discriminate severe from non-severe ADHD in specific symptom domains. CONCLUSION This study supports the role of DRD4, SNAP25, and ADGRL3 genes in outlining ADHD severity, and a new prediction framework with potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pedro J Puentes-Rozo
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
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6
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Sable HJK, Lester DB, Potter JL, Nolen HG, Cruthird DM, Estes LM, Johnson AD, Regan SL, Williams MT, Vorhees CV. An assessment of executive function in two different rat models of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Spontaneously hypertensive versus Lphn3 knockout rats. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 20:e12767. [PMID: 34427038 PMCID: PMC10114166 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) a common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood and often comorbid with other externalizing disorders (EDs). There is evidence that externalizing behaviors share a common genetic etiology. Recently, a genome-wide, multigenerational sample linked variants in the Lphn3 gene to ADHD and other externalizing behaviors. Likewise, limited research in animal models has provided converging evidence that Lphn3 plays a role in EDs. This study examined the impact of Lphn3 deletion (i.e., Lphn3-/- ) in rats on measures of behavioral control associated with externalizing behavior. Impulsivity was assessed for 30 days via a differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) task and working memory evaluated for 25 days using a delayed spatial alternation (DSA) task. Data from both tasks were averaged into 5-day testing blocks. We analyzed overall performance, as well as response patterns in just the first and last blocks to assess acquisition and steady-state performance, respectively. "Positive control" measures on the same tasks were measured in an accepted animal model of ADHD-the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Compared with wildtype controls, Lphn3-/- rats exhibited deficits on both the DRL and DSA tasks, indicative of deficits in impulsive action and working memory, respectively. These deficits were less severe than those in the SHRs, who were profoundly impaired on both tasks compared with their control strain, Wistar-Kyoto rats. The results provide evidence supporting a role for Lphn3 in modulating inhibitory control and working memory, and suggest additional research evaluating the role of Lphn3 in the manifestation of EDs more broadly is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J. K. Sable
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Deranda B. Lester
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joshua L. Potter
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hunter G. Nolen
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Lauren M. Estes
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alyssa D. Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Samantha L. Regan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael T. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Charles V. Vorhees
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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7
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Regan SL, Pitzer EM, Hufgard JR, Sugimoto C, Williams MT, Vorhees CV. A novel role for the ADHD risk gene latrophilin-3 in learning and memory in Lphn3 knockout rats. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 158:105456. [PMID: 34352385 PMCID: PMC8440465 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Latrophilins (LPHNs) are adhesion G protein-coupled receptors with three isoforms but only LPHN3 is brain specific (caudate, prefrontal cortex, dentate, amygdala, and cerebellum). Variants of LPHN3 are associated with ADHD. Null mutations of Lphn3 in rat, mouse, zebrafish, and Drosophila result in hyperactivity, but its role in learning and memory (L&M) is largely unknown. Using our Lphn3 knockout (KO) rats we examined the cognitive abilities, long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA1, NMDA receptor expression, and neurohistology from heterozygous breeding pairs. KO rats were impaired in egocentric L&M in the Cincinnati water maze, spatial L&M and cognitive flexibility in the Morris water maze (MWM), with no effects on conditioned freezing, novel object recognition, or temporal order recognition. KO-associated locomotor hyperactivity had no effect on swim speed. KO rats had reduced early-LTP but not late-LTP and had reduced hippocampal NMDA-NR1 expression. In a second experiment, KO rats responded to a light prepulse prior to an acoustic startle pulse, reflecting visual signal detection. In a third experiment, KO rats given extra MWM pretraining and hidden platform overtraining showed no evidence of reaching WT rats' levels of learning. Nissl histology revealed no structural abnormalities in KO rats. LPHN3 has a selective effect on egocentric and allocentric L&M without effects on conditioned freezing or recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Regan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Emily M Pitzer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Jillian R Hufgard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Chiho Sugimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Michael T Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Charles V Vorhees
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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8
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Fuller-Thomson E, Lewis DA, Agbeyaka S. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Alcohol and Other Substance Use Disorders in Young Adulthood: Findings from a Canadian Nationally Representative Survey. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 57:385-395. [PMID: 34343246 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM (a) To document the prevalence and odds of (i) alcohol use disorders, (ii) cannabis use disorders, (iii) other drug use disorders and (iv) any substance use disorder (SUD), among young adults with and without ADHD, and (b) to investigate the degree to which the association between ADHD and SUDs is attenuated by socio-demographics, early adversities and mental health. METHOD Secondary analysis of the nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health (CCHS-MH). The sample included 6872 respondents aged 20-39, of whom 270 had ADHD. The survey response rate was 68.9%. MEASUREMENTS Substance Use Disorder: World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview criteria, SUDs, were derived from lifetime algorithms for alcohol, cannabis and other substance abuse or dependence. ADHD was based on self-report of a health professional's diagnosis. FINDINGS One in three young adults with ADHD had a lifetime alcohol use disorder (36%) compared to 19% of those without ADHD (P < 0.001). After adjusting for all control variables, those with ADHD had higher odds of developing alcohol use disorders (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.81), cannabis use disorders (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.00), other drug use disorders (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.46, 2.95) and any SUD (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.23). History of depression and anxiety led to the largest attenuation of the ADHD-SUD relationship, followed by childhood adversities and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS Young adults with ADHD have a high prevalence of alcohol and other SUDs. Targeted outreach and interventions for this extremely vulnerable population are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St. W., Toronto, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, 500 University Avenue, 5th Floor University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute for Life Course & Aging, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St. W., Toronto, Canada
| | - Danielle A Lewis
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St. W., Toronto, Canada
| | - Senyo Agbeyaka
- Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth St, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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9
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Luderer M, Ramos Quiroga JA, Faraone SV, Zhang James Y, Reif A. Alcohol use disorders and ADHD. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:648-660. [PMID: 34265320 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite a growing literature on the complex bidirectional relationship of ADHD and substance use, reviews specifically focusing on alcohol are scarce. ADHD and AUD show a significant genetic overlap, including genes involved in gluatamatergic and catecholaminergic neurotransmission. ADHD drives risky behavior and negative experiences throughout the lifespan that subsequently enhance a genetically increased risk for Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD). Impulsive decisions and a maladaptive reward system make individuals with ADHD vulnerable for alcohol use and up to 43 % develop an AUD; in adults with AUD, ADHD occurs in about 20 %, but is vastly under-recognized and under-treated. Thus, routine screening and treatment procedures need to be implemented in AUD treatment. Long-acting stimulants or non-stimulants can be used to treat ADHD in individuals with AUD. However, it is crucial to combine medical treatment for ADHD with pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for AUD, and other comorbid disorders. Identification of individuals at risk for AUD, especially those with ADHD and conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder, is a key factor to prevent negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Luderer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatryand Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma deBarcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Yanli Zhang James
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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10
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Cervantes-Henriquez ML, Acosta-López JE, Ahmad M, Sánchez-Rojas M, Jiménez-Figueroa G, Pineda-Alhucema W, Martinez-Banfi ML, Noguera-Machacón LM, Mejía-Segura E, De La Hoz M, Arcos-Holzinger M, Pineda DA, Puentes-Rozo PJ, Arcos-Burgos M, Vélez JI. ADGRL3, FGF1 and DRD4: Linkage and Association with Working Memory and Perceptual Organization Candidate Endophenotypes in ADHD. Brain Sci 2021; 11:854. [PMID: 34206913 PMCID: PMC8301925 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neurobehavioral disorder that affects children worldwide, with detrimental long-term consequences in affected individuals. ADHD-affected patients display visual-motor and visuospatial abilities and skills that depart from those exhibited by non-affected individuals and struggle with perceptual organization, which might partially explain impulsive responses. Endophenotypes (quantifiable or dimensional constructs that are closely related to the root cause of the disease) might provide a more powerful and objective framework for dissecting the underlying neurobiology of ADHD than that of categories offered by the syndromic classification. In here, we explore the potential presence of the linkage and association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), harbored in genes implicated in the etiology of ADHD (ADGRL3, DRD4, and FGF1), with cognitive endophenotypes related to working memory and perceptual organization in 113 nuclear families. These families were ascertained from a geographical area of the Caribbean coast, in the north of Colombia, where the community is characterized by its ethnic diversity and differential gene pool. We found a significant association and linkage of markers ADGRL3-rs1565902, DRD4-rs916457 and FGF1-rs2282794 to neuropsychological tasks outlining working memory and perceptual organization such as performance in the digits forward and backward, arithmetic, similarities, the completion of figures and the assembly of objects. Our results provide strong support to understand ADHD as a combination of working memory and perceptual organization deficits and highlight the importance of the genetic background shaping the neurobiology, clinical complexity, and physiopathology of ADHD. Further, this study supplements new information regarding an ethnically diverse community with a vast African American contribution, where ADHD studies are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L. Cervantes-Henriquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (J.E.A.-L.); (M.A.); (M.S.-R.); (G.J.-F.); (W.P.-A.); (M.L.M.-B.); (L.M.N.-M.); (E.M.-S.); (M.D.L.H.)
- Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia
| | - Johan E. Acosta-López
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (J.E.A.-L.); (M.A.); (M.S.-R.); (G.J.-F.); (W.P.-A.); (M.L.M.-B.); (L.M.N.-M.); (E.M.-S.); (M.D.L.H.)
| | - Mostapha Ahmad
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (J.E.A.-L.); (M.A.); (M.S.-R.); (G.J.-F.); (W.P.-A.); (M.L.M.-B.); (L.M.N.-M.); (E.M.-S.); (M.D.L.H.)
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Rojas
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (J.E.A.-L.); (M.A.); (M.S.-R.); (G.J.-F.); (W.P.-A.); (M.L.M.-B.); (L.M.N.-M.); (E.M.-S.); (M.D.L.H.)
| | - Giomar Jiménez-Figueroa
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (J.E.A.-L.); (M.A.); (M.S.-R.); (G.J.-F.); (W.P.-A.); (M.L.M.-B.); (L.M.N.-M.); (E.M.-S.); (M.D.L.H.)
| | - Wilmar Pineda-Alhucema
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (J.E.A.-L.); (M.A.); (M.S.-R.); (G.J.-F.); (W.P.-A.); (M.L.M.-B.); (L.M.N.-M.); (E.M.-S.); (M.D.L.H.)
| | - Martha L. Martinez-Banfi
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (J.E.A.-L.); (M.A.); (M.S.-R.); (G.J.-F.); (W.P.-A.); (M.L.M.-B.); (L.M.N.-M.); (E.M.-S.); (M.D.L.H.)
| | - Luz M. Noguera-Machacón
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (J.E.A.-L.); (M.A.); (M.S.-R.); (G.J.-F.); (W.P.-A.); (M.L.M.-B.); (L.M.N.-M.); (E.M.-S.); (M.D.L.H.)
| | - Elsy Mejía-Segura
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (J.E.A.-L.); (M.A.); (M.S.-R.); (G.J.-F.); (W.P.-A.); (M.L.M.-B.); (L.M.N.-M.); (E.M.-S.); (M.D.L.H.)
| | - Moisés De La Hoz
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080005, Colombia; (J.E.A.-L.); (M.A.); (M.S.-R.); (G.J.-F.); (W.P.-A.); (M.L.M.-B.); (L.M.N.-M.); (E.M.-S.); (M.D.L.H.)
| | - Mauricio Arcos-Holzinger
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Instituto de Investigaciones Mxdicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia; (M.A.-H.); (M.A.-B.)
| | - David A. Pineda
- Grupo de Neuropsicología y Conducta, Universidad de San Buenaventura, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
| | - Pedro J. Puentes-Rozo
- Grupo de Neurociencias del Caribe, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla 081001, Colombia;
| | - Mauricio Arcos-Burgos
- Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Departamento de Psiquiatría, Instituto de Investigaciones Mxdicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia; (M.A.-H.); (M.A.-B.)
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11
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Treur JL, Demontis D, Smith GD, Sallis H, Richardson TG, Wiers RW, Børglum AD, Verweij KJ, Munafò MR. Investigating causality between liability to ADHD and substance use, and liability to substance use and ADHD risk, using Mendelian randomization. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12849. [PMID: 31733098 PMCID: PMC7228854 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has consistently been associated with substance use, but the nature of this association is not fully understood. To inform intervention development and public health messages, a vital question is whether there are causal pathways from ADHD to substance use and/or vice versa. We applied bidirectional Mendelian randomization, using summary-level data from the largest available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on ADHD, smoking (initiation, cigarettes per day, cessation, and a compound measure of lifetime smoking), alcohol use (drinks per week, alcohol problems, and alcohol dependence), cannabis use (initiation), and coffee consumption (cups per day). Genetic variants robustly associated with the "exposure" were selected as instruments and identified in the "outcome" GWAS. Effect estimates from individual genetic variants were combined with inverse-variance weighted regression and five sensitivity analyses (weighted median, weighted mode, MR-Egger, generalized summary data-based MR, and Steiger filtering). We found evidence that liability to ADHD increases likelihood of smoking initiation and heaviness of smoking among smokers, decreases likelihood of smoking cessation, and increases likelihood of cannabis initiation. There was weak evidence that liability to ADHD increases alcohol dependence risk but not drinks per week or alcohol problems. In the other direction, there was weak evidence that smoking initiation increases ADHD risk, but follow-up analyses suggested a high probability of horizontal pleiotropy. There was no clear evidence of causal pathways between ADHD and coffee consumption. Our findings corroborate epidemiological evidence, suggesting causal pathways from liability to ADHD to smoking, cannabis use, and, tentatively, alcohol dependence. Further work is needed to explore the exact mechanisms mediating these causal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorien L. Treur
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of PsychologyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Ditte Demontis
- The Lundback Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric ResearchiPSYCHAarhusDenmark
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized MedicineCentral Region Denmark and Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - George Davey Smith
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Hannah Sallis
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Tom G. Richardson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Reinout W. Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of PsychologyUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anders D. Børglum
- The Lundback Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric ResearchiPSYCHAarhusDenmark
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized MedicineCentral Region Denmark and Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Karin J.H. Verweij
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marcus R. Munafò
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
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12
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Gray matter volume and microRNA levels in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:1037-1045. [PMID: 31240443 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder often characterized by gray matter (GM) volume reductions. MicroRNAs, which participate in regulating gene expression, potentially influence neurodevelopment. This study aimed to explore whether differential GM volume is associated with differential miRNA levels in ADHD patients. We recruited a total of 30 drug-naïve patients with ADHD (mean age 10.6 years) and 25 healthy controls (mean age 10.6 years) that underwent a single session of 3.0-T whole brain structural MRI scanning. RNA samples from the participants' white blood cells were collected to identify the ΔCt values of three miRNAs (miR-30e-5p, miR-126-5p, and miR-140-3p) using the real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In comparison to the control group, ADHD patients demonstrated a significantly lower GM volume in the cingulate gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, and significantly higher ΔCt values of miR-30e-5p, miR-126-5p, and miR-140-3p. In the ADHD group, the GM volume of cingulate gyrus and left fusiform gyrus was negatively correlated with the ΔCt values of miR-30e-5p, miR-140-3p. The GM volume of left fusiform gyrus was negatively correlated to ADHD behavioral symptoms. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), we observed that the effect of miR-140-3p on hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms was mediated by left fusiform gyrus. Our findings support that GM volume reduction and miRNA increases may be biomarkers for ADHD in children and adolescents. Expression levels of miRNAs may affect the development of brain structures and further participate in the pathophysiology of ADHD.
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13
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Soler Artigas M, Sánchez-Mora C, Rovira P, Richarte V, Garcia-Martínez I, Pagerols M, Demontis D, Stringer S, Vink JM, Børglum AD, Neale BM, Franke B, Faraone SV, Casas M, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Ribasés M. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and lifetime cannabis use: genetic overlap and causality. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2493-2503. [PMID: 30610198 PMCID: PMC8025199 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a severely impairing neurodevelopmental disorder with a prevalence of 5% in children and adolescents and of 2.5% in adults. Comorbid conditions in ADHD play a key role in symptom progression, disorder course and outcome. ADHD is associated with a significantly increased risk for substance use, abuse and dependence. ADHD and cannabis use are partly determined by genetic factors; the heritability of ADHD is estimated at 70-80% and of cannabis use initiation at 40-48%. In this study, we used summary statistics from the largest available meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of ADHD (n = 53,293) and lifetime cannabis use (n = 32,330) to gain insights into the genetic overlap and causal relationship of these two traits. We estimated their genetic correlation to be r2 = 0.29 (P = 1.63 × 10-5) and identified four new genome-wide significant loci in a cross-trait analysis: two in a single variant association analysis (rs145108385, P = 3.30 × 10-8 and rs4259397, P = 4.52 × 10-8) and two in a gene-based association analysis (WDPCP, P = 9.67 × 10-7 and ZNF251, P = 1.62 × 10-6). Using a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach we found support that ADHD is causal for lifetime cannabis use, with an odds ratio of 7.9 for cannabis use in individuals with ADHD in comparison to individuals without ADHD (95% CI (3.72, 15.51), P = 5.88 × 10-5). These results substantiate the temporal relationship between ADHD and future cannabis use and reinforce the need to consider substance misuse in the context of ADHD in clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Soler Artigas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Mora
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Rovira
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Richarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Garcia-Martínez
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Pagerols
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ditte Demontis
- Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sven Stringer
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anders D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Casas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
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14
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Grazioli VS, Gmel G, Rougemont-Bücking A, Baggio S, Daeppen JB, Studer J. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and future alcohol outcomes: Examining the roles of coping and enhancement drinking motives among young men. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218469. [PMID: 31216319 PMCID: PMC6584013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although there is evidence that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms are positively related to alcohol use and related problems among young adults, little research has examined the mechanisms that might explain this association. In response, this study examined the mediating effects of coping and enhancement drinking motives on the prospective associations between ADHD symptoms and alcohol outcomes. Method Participants (N = 4,536) were young men from the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors. Measures of ADHD symptoms and those of drinking motives, heavy episodic drinking (HED) and alcohol use disorder symptoms were used from the baseline and 15-month follow-up assessments. Results Findings indicated that the associations of ADHD-inattention symptoms with alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms and with HED were partially and completely mediated through drinking motives, respectively, whereas drinking motives did not mediate the ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity-symptoms-alcohol outcomes associations. Conclusion Results indicated that coping and enhancement motives partially explained the ADHD-inattention symptoms—subsequent alcohol outcomes association. These findings suggest that interventions targeting enhancement and coping motives may help prevent problematic drinking among young men with elevated ADHD-inattention symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique S. Grazioli
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Addiction Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stéphanie Baggio
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Life Course and Social Inequality Research Centre, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Joseph Studer
- Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Dalla Vecchia E, Mortimer N, Palladino VS, Kittel-Schneider S, Lesch KP, Reif A, Schenck A, Norton WH. Cross-species models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: lessons from CNTNAP2, ADGRL3, and PARK2. Psychiatr Genet 2019; 29:1-17. [PMID: 30376466 PMCID: PMC7654943 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Animal and cellular models are essential tools for all areas of biological research including neuroscience. Model systems can also be used to investigate the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this review, we provide a summary of animal and cellular models for three genes linked to ADHD and ASD in human patients - CNTNAP2, ADGRL3, and PARK2. We also highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each model system. By bringing together behavioral and neurobiological data, we demonstrate how a cross-species approach can provide integrated insights into gene function and the pathogenesis of ADHD and ASD. The knowledge gained from transgenic models will be essential to discover and validate new treatment targets for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dalla Vecchia
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Niall Mortimer
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Centre of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Viola S. Palladino
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Centre of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - William H.J. Norton
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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16
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Arcos-Burgos M, Vélez JI, Martinez AF, Ribasés M, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Sánchez-Mora C, Richarte V, Roncero C, Cormand B, Fernández-Castillo N, Casas M, Lopera F, Pineda DA, Palacio JD, Acosta-López JE, Cervantes-Henriquez ML, Sánchez-Rojas MG, Puentes-Rozo PJ, Molina BSG, Boden MT, Wallis D, Lidbury B, Newman S, Easteal S, Swanson J, Patel H, Volkow N, Acosta MT, Castellanos FX, de Leon J, Mastronardi CA, Muenke M. ADGRL3 (LPHN3) variants predict substance use disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:42. [PMID: 30696812 PMCID: PMC6351584 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors are strongly implicated in the susceptibility to develop externalizing syndromes such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and substance use disorder (SUD). Variants in the ADGRL3 (LPHN3) gene predispose to ADHD and predict ADHD severity, disruptive behaviors comorbidity, long-term outcome, and response to treatment. In this study, we investigated whether variants within ADGRL3 are associated with SUD, a disorder that is frequently co-morbid with ADHD. Using family-based, case-control, and longitudinal samples from disparate regions of the world (n = 2698), recruited either for clinical, genetic epidemiological or pharmacogenomic studies of ADHD, we assembled recursive-partitioning frameworks (classification tree analyses) with clinical, demographic, and ADGRL3 genetic information to predict SUD susceptibility. Our results indicate that SUD can be efficiently and robustly predicted in ADHD participants. The genetic models used remained highly efficient in predicting SUD in a large sample of individuals with severe SUD from a psychiatric institution that were not ascertained on the basis of ADHD diagnosis, thus identifying ADGRL3 as a risk gene for SUD. Recursive-partitioning analyses revealed that rs4860437 was the predominant predictive variant. This new methodological approach offers novel insights into higher order predictive interactions and offers a unique opportunity for translational application in the clinical assessment of patients at high risk for SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Arcos-Burgos
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- INPAC Research Group, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IIM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Jorge I Vélez
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Ariel F Martinez
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep A Ramos-Quiroga
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Mora
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Richarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Roncero
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Departament of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-Public Health Agency, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bru Cormand
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, CAT, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, CAT, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues, CAT, Spain
| | - Noelia Fernández-Castillo
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, CAT, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, CAT, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues, CAT, Spain
| | - Miguel Casas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Neuroscience Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - David A Pineda
- Neuroscience Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan D Palacio
- Neuroscience Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Johan E Acosta-López
- Grupo de Neurociencias del Caribe, Unidad de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Martha L Cervantes-Henriquez
- Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Grupo de Neurociencias del Caribe, Unidad de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Manuel G Sánchez-Rojas
- Grupo de Neurociencias del Caribe, Unidad de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Pedro J Puentes-Rozo
- Grupo de Neurociencias del Caribe, Unidad de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Grupo de Neurociencias del Caribe, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Brooke S G Molina
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburg, PA, USA
| | - Margaret T Boden
- University of Kentucky Mental Health Research Center at Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Deeann Wallis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Brett Lidbury
- National Center for Indigenous Genomics, Genome Biology Department, John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Saul Newman
- National Center for Indigenous Genomics, Genome Biology Department, John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Simon Easteal
- National Center for Indigenous Genomics, Genome Biology Department, John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - James Swanson
- Department of Psychiatry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Child Development Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hardip Patel
- Genome Discovery Unit, Genome Biology Department, John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nora Volkow
- Office of the Director, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Maria T Acosta
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francisco X Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Jose de Leon
- University of Kentucky Mental Health Research Center at Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Claudio A Mastronardi
- INPAC Research Group, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá, Colombia
- Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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17
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Abstract
The prenatal period is increasingly considered as a crucial target for the primary prevention of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Understanding their pathophysiological mechanisms remains a great challenge. Our review reveals new insights from prenatal brain development research, involving (epi)genetic research, neuroscience, recent imaging techniques, physical modeling, and computational simulation studies. Studies examining the effect of prenatal exposure to maternal distress on offspring brain development, using brain imaging techniques, reveal effects at birth and up into adulthood. Structural and functional changes are observed in several brain regions including the prefrontal, parietal, and temporal lobes, as well as the cerebellum, hippocampus, and amygdala. Furthermore, alterations are seen in functional connectivity of amygdalar-thalamus networks and in intrinsic brain networks, including default mode and attentional networks. The observed changes underlie offspring behavioral, cognitive, emotional development, and susceptibility to neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. It is concluded that used brain measures have not yet been validated with regard to sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, or robustness in predicting neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, more prospective long-term longitudinal follow-up studies starting early in pregnancy should be carried out, in order to examine brain developmental measures as mediators in mediating the link between prenatal stress and offspring behavioral, cognitive, and emotional problems and susceptibility for disorders.
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18
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Poton WL, Soares ALG, Gonçalves H. [Internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and substance use in adolescence]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2018; 34:e00205917. [PMID: 30208184 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00205917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between externalizing behavior problems (EBP), internalizing behavior problems (IBP), and combined externalizing/internalizing behavior problems (EIBP) in early adolescence (11 years) and substance use (alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs) at 15 years, using data from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort. Behavior problems were assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), applied to mothers when their children were 15 years old. Substance use was assessed with a self-applied confidential questionnaire for the adolescent. The association between behavior problems and substance use was analyzed with Poisson regression with robust adjustment of variance. After adjusting for confounding, adolescents with EBP showed higher risk of alcohol abuse (RR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.21; 2.50) and experimentation (RR = 1.78, 95%CI: 1.42; 2,23) and tobacco use in the previous 30 days (RR = 2.38, 95%CI: 1.64; 3.45). Adolescents with IBP showed greater risk of having tried tobacco (RR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.22; 1.93) and of having used tobacco products in the previous 30 days (RR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.31; 2.83). Adolescents with EIBP showed greater risk of trying (RR = 2.24, 95%CI: 1.57; 3.21) and consuming tobacco products in the previous days (RR = 3.01, 95%CI: 1.63; 5.56), and lower risk of having tried alcohol at 15 years of age (RR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.55; 0.94). Public health measures aimed at reducing behavior problems in early adolescence can help reduce tobacco and alcohol consumption at 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helen Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brasil
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19
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Vilor-Tejedor N, Alemany S, Cáceres A, Bustamante M, Mortamais M, Pujol J, Sunyer J, González JR. Sparse multiple factor analysis to integrate genetic data, neuroimaging features, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder domains. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2018; 27:e1738. [PMID: 30105890 PMCID: PMC6877273 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We proposed the application of a multivariate cross-sectional framework based on a combination of a variable selection method and a multiple factor analysis (MFA) in order to identify complex meaningful biological signals related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and hyperactivity/inattention domains. METHODS The study included 135 children from the general population with genomic and neuroimaging data. ADHD symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire based on ADHD-DSM-IV criteria. In all analyses, the raw sum scores of the hyperactivity and inattention domains and total ADHD were used. The analytical framework comprised two steps. First, zero-inflated negative binomial linear model via penalized maximum likelihood (LASSO-ZINB) was performed. Second, the most predictive features obtained with LASSO-ZINB were used as input for the MFA. RESULTS We observed significant relationships between ADHD symptoms and hyperactivity and inattention domains with white matter, gray matter regions, and cerebellum, as well as with loci within chromosome 1. CONCLUSIONS Multivariate methods can be used to advance the neurobiological characterization of complex diseases, improving the statistical power with respect to univariate methods, allowing the identification of meaningful biological signals in Imaging Genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Vilor-Tejedor
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Alemany
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cáceres
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marion Mortamais
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Pujol
- MRI Research Unit, Hospital del Mar, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan R González
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Wang LJ, Li SC, Lee MJ, Chou MC, Chou WJ, Lee SY, Hsu CW, Huang LH, Kuo HC. Blood-Bourne MicroRNA Biomarker Evaluation in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder of Han Chinese Individuals: An Exploratory Study. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:227. [PMID: 29896131 PMCID: PMC5987559 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly genetic neurodevelopmental disorder, and its dysregulation of gene expression involves microRNAs (miRNAs). The purpose of this study was to identify potential miRNAs biomarkers and then use these biomarkers to establish a diagnostic panel for ADHD. Design and methods: RNA samples from white blood cells (WBCs) of five ADHD patients and five healthy controls were combined to create one pooled patient library and one control library. We identified 20 candidate miRNAs with the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique (Illumina). Blood samples were then collected from a Training Set (68 patients and 54 controls) and a Testing Set (20 patients and 20 controls) to identify the expression profiles of these miRNAs with real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate both the specificity and sensitivity of the probability score yielded by the support vector machine (SVM) model. Results: We identified 13 miRNAs as potential ADHD biomarkers. The ΔCt values of these miRNAs in the Training Set were integrated to create a biomarker model using the SVM algorithm, which demonstrated good validity in differentiating ADHD patients from control subjects (sensitivity: 86.8%, specificity: 88.9%, AUC: 0.94, p < 0.001). The results of the blind testing showed that 85% of the subjects in the Testing Set were correctly classified using the SVM model alignment (AUC: 0.91, p < 0.001). The discriminative validity is not influenced by patients' age or gender, indicating both the robustness and the reliability of the SVM classification model. Conclusion: As measured in peripheral blood, miRNA-based biomarkers can aid in the differentiation of ADHD in clinical settings. Additional studies are needed in the future to clarify the ADHD-associated gene functions and biological mechanisms modulated by miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chou Li
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Jing Lee
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Chun Chou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jiun Chou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lien-Hung Huang
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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21
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van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen K, Vedel E, Kramer FJ, Koeter MW, Schoevers RA, van den Brink W. Diagnosing ADHD during active substance use: Feasible or flawed? Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 180:371-375. [PMID: 28957778 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is highly prevalent in patients with a substance use disorder (SUD). Because of possible problems with validity, diagnostic assessment of ADHD is usually postponed until after a period of abstinence, which may jeopardize adequate and timely treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate how a diagnostic assessment of ADHD in patients who are actively using substances compares to the results of a second assessment after a period of full or partial abstinence. METHODS Prospective test-retest study in a SUD treatment center among 127 treatment seeking adult SUD patients with a comorbid diagnosis of adult ADHD. Conners' Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV was administered at intake and after four SUD treatment sessions. RESULTS The mean time interval between intake and retest assessment was 78days (SD=32; range 31-248). At the second ADHD assessment, substance use had decreased to about 50% of baseline consumption. Of the 127 patients with an initial diagnosis of ADHD, 121 patients (95.3%) still fulfilled DSM-IV adult ADHD criteria at re-diagnosis. Subtyping of ADHD was less stable (Cohen's Kappa=0.53). Agreement on the number of childhood and adult ADHD symptoms between both assessments was good (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.69 and 0.65, respectively). Sensitivity analyses in subgroups of patients who were fully abstinent during the second assessment yielded very similar results. CONCLUSIONS These findings strongly suggest that a pragmatic approach, in which patients are evaluated for ADHD even when they are not (yet) abstinent, is feasible and justifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelijne van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Arkin Mental Health and Addiction Treatment Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Jellinek Substance Abuse Treatment Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ellen Vedel
- Arkin Mental Health and Addiction Treatment Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Jellinek Substance Abuse Treatment Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floor J Kramer
- Arkin Mental Health and Addiction Treatment Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Jellinek Substance Abuse Treatment Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten W Koeter
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A Schoevers
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Substance use disorders in adolescent and young adult relatives of probands with bipolar disorder: What drives the increased risk? Compr Psychiatry 2017; 78:130-139. [PMID: 28843850 PMCID: PMC5647650 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults with bipolar disorder (BD) have higher rates of substance use disorders (SUDs) compared to the general population. SUD rates in young offspring/relatives of BD probands, as well as factors which drive those rates, are not as well-characterized. METHODS We aimed to examine SUD prevalence among adolescent/young adult offspring and relatives of probands with and without BD. Data were collected from five sites in the US and Australia during 2006-2011. Youth offspring/relatives ("Relatives of BD probands;" n=267; mean age=16.8years; ±2.9S.D.), identified through a proband family member with DSM-IV BD (Type I or II), were compared to offspring/relatives of control probands ("relatives of control probands;" n=149; mean age=17.4years; ±2.9S.D.). Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to compare the groups across a range of substance use and SUD variables. Odds ratios were calculated for lifetime prevalence of substance outcomes. RESULTS Bivariate analyses showed DSM-IV SUDs were more prevalent among relatives of BD probands than among relatives of control probands (29% vs. 18%; p=0.01). Generalized estimating equation models showed BD mood and childhood-onset externalizing disorders in adolescent and young adult relatives to each significantly increase the odds (OR=2.80-3.17; p<0.02) for the development of several substance variables among all relatives, whereas the risk of SUDs in relatives was not increased when the relatives had no mood or externalizing disorders themselves. CONCLUSION Relatives of BD probands with lifetime mood and externalizing disorders report more substance use/SUDs than relatives of control probands. In contrast, SUD outcomes in relatives of BD probands without mood or externalizing disorders were no different from control relatives without psychopathology. Early recognition and treatment of psychiatric disorders may lead to less substance use in this highly vulnerable population.
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23
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Rabinowitz JA, Drabick DA. Do children fare for better and for worse? Associations among child features and parenting with child competence and symptoms. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Human genetic studies have been the driving force in bringing to light the underlying biology of psychiatric conditions. As these studies fill in the gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms at play, we will be better equipped to design therapies in rational and targeted ways, or repurpose existing therapies in previously unanticipated ways. This review is intended for those unfamiliar with psychiatric genetics as a field and provides a primer on different modes of genetic variation, the technologies currently used to probe them, and concepts that provide context for interpreting the gene-phenotype relationship. Like other subfields in human genetics, psychiatric genetics is moving from microarray technology to sequencing-based approaches as barriers of cost and expertise are removed, and the ramifications of this transition are discussed here. A summary is then given of recent genetic discoveries in a number of neuropsychiatric conditions, with particular emphasis on neurodevelopmental conditions. The general impact of genetics on drug development has been to underscore the extensive etiological heterogeneity in seemingly cohesive diagnostic categories. Consequently, the path forward is not in therapies hoping to reach large swaths of patients sharing a clinically defined diagnosis, but rather in targeting patients belonging to specific "biotypes" defined through a combination of objective, quantifiable data, including genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Michaelson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa College of Engineering, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Genetics Cluster Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- The DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- University of Iowa Informatics Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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25
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Lahey BB, Krueger RF, Rathouz PJ, Waldman ID, Zald DH. A hierarchical causal taxonomy of psychopathology across the life span. Psychol Bull 2017; 143:142-186. [PMID: 28004947 PMCID: PMC5269437 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We propose a taxonomy of psychopathology based on patterns of shared causal influences identified in a review of multivariate behavior genetic studies that distinguish genetic and environmental influences that are either common to multiple dimensions of psychopathology or unique to each dimension. At the phenotypic level, first-order dimensions are defined by correlations among symptoms; correlations among first-order dimensions similarly define higher-order domains (e.g., internalizing or externalizing psychopathology). We hypothesize that the robust phenotypic correlations among first-order dimensions reflect a hierarchy of increasingly specific etiologic influences. Some nonspecific etiologic factors increase risk for all first-order dimensions of psychopathology to varying degrees through a general factor of psychopathology. Other nonspecific etiologic factors increase risk only for all first-order dimensions within a more specific higher-order domain. Furthermore, each first-order dimension has its own unique causal influences. Genetic and environmental influences common to family members tend to be nonspecific, whereas environmental influences unique to each individual are more dimension-specific. We posit that these causal influences on psychopathology are moderated by sex and developmental processes. This causal taxonomy also provides a novel framework for understanding the heterogeneity of each first-order dimension: Different persons exhibiting similar symptoms may be influenced by different combinations of etiologic influences from each of the 3 levels of the etiologic hierarchy. Furthermore, we relate the proposed causal taxonomy to transdimensional psychobiological processes, which also impact the heterogeneity of each psychopathology dimension. This causal taxonomy implies the need for changes in strategies for studying the etiology, psychobiology, prevention, and treatment of psychopathology. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul J Rathouz
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine
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26
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Martinez AF, Abe Y, Hong S, Molyneux K, Yarnell D, Löhr H, Driever W, Acosta MT, Arcos-Burgos M, Muenke M. An Ultraconserved Brain-Specific Enhancer Within ADGRL3 (LPHN3) Underpins Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Susceptibility. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:943-954. [PMID: 27692237 PMCID: PMC5108697 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors predispose individuals to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous studies have reported linkage and association to ADHD of gene variants within ADGRL3. In this study, we functionally analyzed noncoding variants in this gene as likely pathological contributors. METHODS In silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches were used to identify and characterize evolutionary conserved elements within the ADGRL3 linkage region (~207 Kb). Family-based genetic analyses of 838 individuals (372 affected and 466 unaffected patients) identified ADHD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms harbored in some of these conserved elements. Luciferase assays and zebrafish green fluorescent protein transgenesis tested conserved elements for transcriptional enhancer activity. Electromobility shift assays were used to verify transcription factor-binding disruption by ADHD risk alleles. RESULTS An ultraconserved element was discovered (evolutionary conserved region 47) that functions as a transcriptional enhancer. A three-variant ADHD risk haplotype in evolutionary conserved region 47, formed by rs17226398, rs56038622, and rs2271338, reduced enhancer activity by 40% in neuroblastoma and astrocytoma cells (pBonferroni < .0001). This enhancer also drove green fluorescent protein expression in the zebrafish brain in a tissue-specific manner, sharing aspects of endogenous ADGRL3 expression. The rs2271338 risk allele disrupts binding of YY1 transcription factor, an important factor in the development and function of the central nervous system. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis of postmortem human brain tissues revealed an association between rs2271338 and reduced ADGRL3 expression in the thalamus. CONCLUSIONS These results uncover the first functional evidence of common noncoding variants with potential implications for the pathology of ADHD.
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27
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van Rooy D, Haase B, McGreevy PD, Thomson PC, Wade CM. Evaluating candidate genes oprm1, drd2, avpr1a, and oxtr in golden retrievers with separation-related behaviors. J Vet Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Linkage and association analysis of ADHD endophenotypes in extended and multigenerational pedigrees from a genetic isolate. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1434-40. [PMID: 26598068 PMCID: PMC4879118 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heritable, chronic, neurodevelopmental disorder with serious long-term repercussions. Despite being one of the most common cognitive disorders, the clinical diagnosis of ADHD is based on subjective assessments of perceived behaviors. Endophenotypes (neurobiological markers that cosegregate and are associated with an illness) are thought to provide a more powerful and objective framework for revealing the underlying neurobiology than syndromic psychiatric classification. Here, we present the results of applying genetic linkage and association analyses to neuropsychological endophenotypes using microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphisms. We found several new genetic regions linked and/or associated with these endophenotypes, and others previously associated to ADHD, for example, loci harbored in the LPHN3, FGF1, POLR2A, CHRNA4 and ANKFY1 genes. These findings, when compared with those linked and/or associated to ADHD, suggest that these endophenotypes lie on shared pathways. The genetic information provided by this study offers a novel and complementary method of assessing the genetic causes underpinning the susceptibility to behavioral conditions and may offer new insights on the neurobiology of the disorder.
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29
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Acosta MT, Swanson J, Stehli A, Molina BSG, Martinez AF, Arcos-Burgos M, Muenke M. ADGRL3 (LPHN3) variants are associated with a refined phenotype of ADHD in the MTA study. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2016; 4:540-7. [PMID: 27652281 PMCID: PMC5023939 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ADHD is the most common neuropsychiatric condition affecting individuals of all ages. Long‐term outcomes of affected individuals and association with severe comorbidities as SUD or conduct disorders are the main concern. Genetic associations have been extensively described. Multiple studies show that intronic variants harbored in the ADGRL3 (LPHN3) gene are associated with ADHD, especially associated with poor outcomes. Methods In this study, we evaluated this association in the Multimodal Treatment Study of children with ADHD (MTA), initiated as a 14‐month randomized clinical trial of 579 children diagnosed with DSM‐IV ADHD‐Combined Type (ADHD‐C), that transitioned to a 16‐year prospective observational follow‐up, and 289 classmates added at the 2‐year assessment to serve as a local normative comparison group (LNCG). Diagnostic evaluations at entry were based on the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children‐Parent (DISC‐P), which was repeated at several points over the years. For an add‐on genetic study, blood samples were collected from 232 in the MTA group and 139 in the LNCG. Results For the 205 MTA participants, 14.6% retained the DISC‐P diagnosis of ADHD‐C in adolescence. For 127 LNCG participants, 88.2% remained undiagnosed by the DISC‐P. We genotyped 15 polymorphic SNP markers harbored in the ADGRL3 gene, and compared allele frequencies for the 30 cases with continued diagnosis of ADHD‐C in adolescence to the other participants. Replication of the association of rs2345039 ADGRL3 variant was observed (P value = 0.004, FDR corrected = 0.03; Odds ratio = 2.25, upper CI 1.28–3.97). Conclusion The detection of susceptibility conferred by ADGRL3 variants in the extreme phenotype of continued diagnosis of ADHD‐C from childhood to adolescence provides additional support that the association of ADGRL3 and ADHD is not spurious. Exploring genetic effects in longitudinal cohorts, in which refined, age‐dependent phenotypes are documented, is crucial to understand the natural history of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Acosta
- Medical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMaryland; Department of Pediatric and NeurologyGeorge Washington UniversityChildren's National Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - James Swanson
- Department of PsychiatryFlorida International UniversityMiamiFlorida; Department of PediatricsUniversity of California at IrvineIrvineCalifornia
| | - Annamarie Stehli
- Department of Pediatrics University of California at Irvine Irvine California
| | - Brooke S G Molina
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ariel F Martinez
- Medical Genetics Branch National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
| | - Mauricio Arcos-Burgos
- Genomics and Predictive Medicine Genome Biology Department John Curtin School of Medical Research ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
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30
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Yoshimasu K, Barbaresi WJ, Colligan RC, Voigt RG, Weaver AL, Katusic SK. Mediating and Moderating Role of Depression, Conduct Disorder or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Developing Adolescent Substance Use Disorders: A Population-Based Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157488. [PMID: 27294778 PMCID: PMC4905659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the mediating/moderating effects of common internalizing /externalizing disorders on the association between ADHD and adolescent substance use disorders (SUD) in a population-based birth cohort. Methods Among 5718 children in the birth cohort, 343 ADHD incident cases and 712 matched controls were identified. Psychiatric diagnoses prior to age 19 were classified into DSM-IV categories. The association between ADHD and SUD was summarized (hazard ratios (HR), 95% CI). The effect of depression, CD/ODD, anxiety was evaluated separately. Results Assessment of the joint effects of ADHD and each psychiatric disorder did not support a moderating effect of these disorders on SUD on additive scale. However, the association between ADHD and SUD was partially explained by a mediating role of these psychiatric disorders. Conclusion For clinicians our results emphasize that depression (or CD/ODD) confers greater risk for SUD than ADHD alone. Early detection/treatment of SUD among adolescents with depression (or CD/ODD) is crucial regardless of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Yoshimasu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Japan
| | - William J. Barbaresi
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Colligan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Robert G. Voigt
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Weaver
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Slavica K. Katusic
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Orsini CA, Setlow B, DeJesus M, Galaviz S, Loesch K, Ioerger T, Wallis D. Behavioral and transcriptomic profiling of mice null for Lphn3, a gene implicated in ADHD and addiction. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2016; 4:322-43. [PMID: 27247960 PMCID: PMC4867566 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Latrophilin 3 (LPHN3) gene (recently renamed Adhesion G protein‐coupled receptor L3 (ADGRL3)) has been linked to susceptibility to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and vulnerability to addiction. However, its role and function are not well understood as there are no known functional variants. Methods To characterize the function of this little known gene, we phenotyped Lphn3 null mice. We assessed motivation for food reward and working memory via instrumental responding tasks, motor coordination via rotarod, and depressive‐like behavior via forced swim. We also measured neurite outgrowth of primary hippocampal and cortical neuron cultures. Standard blood chemistries and blood counts were performed. Finally, we also evaluated the transcriptome in several brain regions. Results Behaviorally, loss of Lphn3 increases both reward motivation and activity levels. Lphn3 null mice display significantly greater instrumental responding for food than wild‐type mice, particularly under high response ratios, and swim incessantly during a forced swim assay. However, loss of Lphn3 does not interfere with working memory or motor coordination. Primary hippocampal and cortical neuron cultures demonstrate that null neurons display comparatively enhanced neurite outgrowth after 2 and 3 days in vitro. Standard blood chemistry panels reveal that nulls have low serum calcium levels. Finally, analysis of the transcriptome from prefrontal cortical, striatal, and hippocampal tissue at different developmental time points shows that loss of Lphn3 results in genotype‐dependent differential gene expression (DGE), particularly for cell adhesion molecules and calcium signaling proteins. Much of the DGE is attenuated with age, and is consistent with the idea that ADHD is associated with delayed cortical maturation. Conclusions Transcriptome changes likely affect neuron structure and function, leading to behavioral anomalies consistent with both ADHD and addiction phenotypes. The data should further motivate analyses of Lphn3 function in the developmental timing of altered gene expression and calcium signaling, and their effects on neuronal structure/function during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A Orsini
- Department of Psychiatry McKnight Brain Institute University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville Florida 32610
| | - Barry Setlow
- Department of Psychiatry McKnight Brain Institute University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville Florida 32610
| | - Michael DeJesus
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843
| | - Stacy Galaviz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843
| | - Kimberly Loesch
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843
| | - Thomas Ioerger
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843
| | - Deeann Wallis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843
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32
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Mota NR, Rovaris DL, Kappel DB, Picon FA, Vitola ES, Salgado CAI, Karam RG, Rohde LA, Grevet EH, Bau CHD. NCAM1-TTC12-ANKK1-DRD2 gene cluster and the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of adults with ADHD. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168:433-444. [PMID: 25989041 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctions of the dopaminergic system have been implicated on the etiology of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Meta-analyses addressing the association of the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene and ADHD were inconclusive due to excessive heterogeneity across studies. Both the great phenotypic heterogeneity of ADHD and the complexity of the genomic region where DRD2 is located could contribute to the inconsistent findings. Most previous DRD2 studies focused on the well-known Taq1A (rs1800497) SNP, which is actually placed in a neighbor gene (ANKK1). These two genes, together with NCAM1 and TTC12, form the NTAD gene cluster on Chr11q22-23. In order to address the reasons for the high heterogeneity previously reported on DRD2 effects on ADHD, this study investigates the role of NTAD variants on ADHD susceptibility in adults and on the modulation of comorbidity and personality profiles in these patients. Functional polymorphisms from NTAD were analyzed, both individually and in haplotypes, on a sample of 520 adults with ADHD and 630 non-ADHD controls. No direct association of NTAD variants with ADHD susceptibility itself was observed. However, different NTAD polymorphisms and haplotypes were associated to various phenotypes relevant to the clinical heterogeneity of ADHD, including Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Harm Avoidance and Persistence temperament scores. Therefore, these findings represent a possible explanation for the multiple conflicting findings regarding polymorphisms in this genomic region in psychiatry. The NTAD cluster may comprise a variety of independent molecular influences on various brain and behavior characteristics eventually associated with ADHD comorbidities and personality traits. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina R Mota
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,ADHD Outpatient Program-Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas, de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diego L Rovaris
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,ADHD Outpatient Program-Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas, de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Djenifer B Kappel
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,ADHD Outpatient Program-Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas, de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Picon
- ADHD Outpatient Program-Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas, de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Vitola
- ADHD Outpatient Program-Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas, de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos A I Salgado
- ADHD Outpatient Program-Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas, de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael G Karam
- ADHD Outpatient Program-Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas, de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis A Rohde
- ADHD Outpatient Program-Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas, de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eugenio H Grevet
- ADHD Outpatient Program-Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas, de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Claiton H D Bau
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,ADHD Outpatient Program-Adult Division, Hospital de Clínicas, de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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33
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Skutle A, Bu ETH, Jellestad FK, van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen K, Dom G, Verspreet S, Carpentier PJ, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Franck J, Konstenius M, Kaye S, Demetrovics Z, Barta C, Fatséas M, Auriacombe M, Johnson B, Faraone SV, Levin FR, Allsop S, Carruthers S, Schoevers RA, Koeter MWJ, van den Brink W, Moggi F, Møller M, van de Glind G. Early developmental, temperamental and educational problems in 'substance use disorder' patients with and without ADHD. Does ADHD make a difference? Addict Behav Rep 2015. [PMID: 29531989 PMCID: PMC5845947 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of ADHD among patients with substance use disorder (SUD) is substantial. This study addressed the following research questions: Are early developmental, temperamental and educational problems overrepresented among SUD patients with ADHD compared to SUD patients without ADHD? Do this comorbid group receive early help for their ADHD, and are there signs of self-medicating with illicit central stimulants? Method An international, multi-centre cross-sectional study was carried out involving seven European countries, with 1205 patients in treatment for SUD. The mean age was 40 years and 27% of the sample was female. All participants were interviewed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus and the Conners' Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV. Results SUD patients with ADHD (n = 196; 16.3% of the total sample) had a significantly slower infant development than SUD patients without ADHD (n = 1,009; 83.4%), had greater problems controlling their temperament, and had lower educational attainment. Only 24 (12%) of the current ADHD positive patients had been diagnosed and treated during childhood and/or adolescence. Finally, SUD patients with ADHD were more likely to have central stimulants or cannabis as their primary substance of abuse, whereas alcohol use was more likely to be the primary substance of abuse in SUD patients without ADHD. Conclusion The results emphasize the importance of early identification of ADHD and targeted interventions in the health and school system, as well as in the addiction field. SUD patients with ADHD had a significantly slower infant development than SUD patients without ADHD. Furthermore, the former group had greater problems controlling their temperament, and had lower educational attainment. Only 12% of the current SUD and ADHD patients had been diagnosed and treated during childhood and/or adolescence. They were more likely to have stimulants or cannabis as their main substance, suggesting some form of self-medication. Early identification of ADHD is important, as well as adequate treatment of this comorbid patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katelijne van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Arkin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Dom
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium
| | - Sofie Verspreet
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatry Research Institute (CAPRI, UA), PC Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium
| | | | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Department of Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johan Franck
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maija Konstenius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sharlene Kaye
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Barta
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melina Fatséas
- Laboratoire de psychiatrie Département d'addictologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Auriacombe
- Laboratoire de psychiatrie Département d'addictologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Brian Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Frances R Levin
- Columbia University/the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA
| | - Steve Allsop
- National Drug Research Institute/Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia
| | - Susan Carruthers
- National Drug Research Institute/Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia
| | - Robert A Schoevers
- Dept of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten W J Koeter
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Franz Moggi
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Rodgers S, Müller M, Rössler W, Castelao E, Preisig M, Ajdacic-Gross V. Externalizing disorders and substance use: empirically derived subtypes in a population-based sample of adults. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015; 50:7-17. [PMID: 24907047 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-014-0898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) are common externalizing disorders of childhood. The common effects of these disorders on substance abuse need further investigation. The current study investigated the joint clusters of childhood/adolescence ADHD, CD, and ODD, and their influence on substance abuse/dependence in a population-based sample of adults. METHODS The data were drawn from the PsyCoLaus study (n = 3,720) conducted in Lausanne, Switzerland. The population-based sample included 238 subjects meeting criteria for ADHD/ODD/CD diagnoses before the age of 15. Latent class analyses (LCA) were performed to derive comorbidity subtypes, which were subsequently characterized with respect to psychosocial correlates and substance use. RESULTS The best fit in LCAs was achieved with three latent classes: an ADHD subtype (35.7 %); an externalizing multimorbid subtype (33.6 %) involving ODD, ADHD, and CD; and a third subtype with CD (30.7 %). The CD subtype showed the highest association with substance use. Apart from this, the externalizing multimorbid subtype was also significantly linked to substance use. The ADHD subtype had only elevated frequencies for alcohol dependence in comparison with subjects that had no history of ADHD, ODD, and CD during childhood or adolescence. Finally, important interactions between subtypes and sex were observed with regard to substance use. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence showing that subtyping the externalizing disorders, ADHD, ODD and CD, along their comorbidity patterns leads to important differences regarding substance use. This could have implications for the etiology, prevention, and treatment of substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rodgers
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Zurich University Hospital of Psychiatry, PO Box 1930, CH-8021, Zurich, Switzerland,
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Smith TF, Anastopoulos AD, Garrett ME, Arias-Vasquez A, Franke B, Oades RD, Sonuga-Barke E, Asherson P, Gill M, Buitelaar JK, Sergeant JA, Kollins SH, Faraone SV, Ashley-Koch A. Angiogenic, neurotrophic, and inflammatory system SNPs moderate the association between birth weight and ADHD symptom severity. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2014; 165B:691-704. [PMID: 25346392 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Low birth weight is associated with increased risk for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); however, the etiological underpinnings of this relationship remain unclear. This study investigated if genetic variants in angiogenic, dopaminergic, neurotrophic, kynurenine, and cytokine-related biological pathways moderate the relationship between birth weight and ADHD symptom severity. A total of 398 youth from two multi-site, family-based studies of ADHD were included in the analysis. The sample consisted of 360 ADHD probands, 21 affected siblings, and 17 unaffected siblings. A set of 164 SNPs from 31 candidate genes, representing five biological pathways, were included in our analyses. Birth weight and gestational age data were collected from a state birth registry, medical records, and parent report. Generalized Estimating Equations tested for main effects and interactions between individual SNPs and birth weight centile in predicting ADHD symptom severity. SNPs within neurotrophic (NTRK3) and cytokine genes (CNTFR) were associated with ADHD inattentive symptom severity. There was no main effect of birth weight centile on ADHD symptom severity. SNPs within angiogenic (NRP1 & NRP2), neurotrophic (NTRK1 & NTRK3), cytokine (IL16 & S100B), and kynurenine (CCBL1 & CCBL2) genes moderate the association between birth weight centile and ADHD symptom severity. The SNP main effects and SNP × birth weight centile interactions remained significant after adjusting for multiple testing. Genetic variability in angiogenic, neurotrophic, and inflammatory systems may moderate the association between restricted prenatal growth, a proxy for an adverse prenatal environment, and risk to develop ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor F Smith
- Department of Psychology and Child Development, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California; Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
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Carragher N, Krueger RF, Eaton NR, Markon KE, Keyes KM, Blanco C, Saha TD, Hasin DS. ADHD and the externalizing spectrum: direct comparison of categorical, continuous, and hybrid models of liability in a nationally representative sample. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2014; 49:1307-17. [PMID: 24081325 PMCID: PMC3972373 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-013-0770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol use disorders, substance use disorders, and antisocial personality disorder share a common externalizing liability, which may also include attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, few studies have compared formal quantitative models of externalizing liability, with the aim of delineating the categorical and/or continuous nature of this liability in the community. This study compares categorical, continuous, and hybrid models of externalizing liability. METHOD Data were derived from the 2004-2005 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (N = 34,653). Seven disorders were modeled: childhood ADHD and lifetime diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), nicotine dependence, alcohol dependence, marijuana dependence, cocaine dependence, and other substance dependence. RESULTS The continuous latent trait model provided the best fit to the data. Measurement invariance analyses supported the fit of the model across genders, with females displaying a significantly lower probability of experiencing externalizing disorders. Cocaine dependence, marijuana dependence, other substance dependence, alcohol dependence, ASPD, nicotine dependence, and ADHD provided the greatest information, respectively, about the underlying externalizing continuum. CONCLUSIONS Liability to externalizing disorders is continuous and dimensional in severity. The findings have important implications for the organizational structure of externalizing psychopathology in psychiatric nomenclatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Carragher
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia,
| | - Robert F. Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0344, USA
| | - Nicholas R. Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500, USA
| | | | - Katherine M. Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive 123, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carlos Blanco
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 69, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tulshi D. Saha
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5635 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, USA
| | - Deborah S. Hasin
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive No. 123, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Nogueira M, Bosch R, Valero S, Gómez-Barros N, Palomar G, Richarte V, Corrales M, Nasillo V, Vidal R, Casas M, Ramos-Quiroga JA. Early-age clinical and developmental features associated to Substance Use Disorders in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:639-49. [PMID: 24411652 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective was to explore early-age conditions associated to Substance Use Disorders (SUD) in adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); secondly, to determine which of those conditions are specific to ADHD subjects; and finally, to compare ADHD and non-ADHD subjects in terms of SUD lifetime prevalence and professional, social and personal adjustment. METHOD Comparison between ADHD adults with (n=236) and without lifetime SUD (n=309) regarding clinical characteristics of ADHD, externalization disorders, temperamental traits, environmental factors, academic history and family psychiatric history; secondly, ADHD subjects were compared to a non-ADHD group (n=177) concerning those variables. RESULTS The following variables were found to be positively associated to SUD in ADHD subjects: ADHD severity, CD and ODD comorbidities, temperamental characteristics ("fearful", "accident prone" and "frequent temper tantrums"), "sexual abuse", "be suspended from school", family history of SUD and ADHD, and male gender; ADHD inattentive subtype and "fearful" were inversely associated to SUD. From those variables, "frequent temper tantrums" was also associated to SUD in non-ADHD subjects. ADHD subjects had higher prevalence of lifetime SUD and greater professional, social and personal impairment than non-ADHD subjects. CONCLUSION Findings suggest a significant association between ADHD, SUD and early-age conditions, such as CD and ODD comorbidity; other variables from childhood, namely, ADHD subtype, temper characteristics ("fearful", "accident prone"), "sexual abuse", "be suspended from school" and family history of ADHD are associated to SUD in ADHD subjects, but not in non-ADHD subjects. Moreover, this study confirms both the higher prevalence of lifetime SUD and greater professional, social and personal impairment in ADHD subjects than in non-ADHD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nogueira
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Bosch
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - S Valero
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - N Gómez-Barros
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - G Palomar
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - V Richarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Corrales
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - V Nasillo
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Vidal
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Casas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J A Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Molina BSG, Pelham WE. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk of substance use disorder: developmental considerations, potential pathways, and opportunities for research. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2014; 10:607-39. [PMID: 24437435 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Many opportunities to explain attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related risk of substance use disorder (SUD) remain available for study. We detail these opportunities by considering characteristics of children with ADHD and factors affecting their outcomes side by side with overlapping variables in the developmental literature on SUD etiology. Although serious conduct problems are a known contributor to ADHD-related risk of SUD, few studies have considered their emergence developmentally and in relation to other candidate mediators and moderators that could also explain risk and be intervention targets. Common ADHD-related impairments, such as school difficulties, are in need of research. Heterogeneous social impairments have the potential for predisposing, and buffering, influences. Research on neurocognitive domains should move beyond standard executive function batteries to measure deficits in the interface between cognitive control, reward, and motivation. Ultimately, maximizing prediction will depend, as it has in the SUD literature, on simultaneous consideration of multiple risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke S G Molina
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213;
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Di Lorenzo R, Galliani A, Guicciardi A, Landi G, Ferri P. A retrospective analysis focusing on a group of patients with dual diagnosis treated by both mental health and substance use services. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10:1479-88. [PMID: 25143738 PMCID: PMC4136981 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s65896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To highlight which demographic, familial, premorbid, clinical, therapeutic, rehabilitative, and assistance factors were related to dual diagnosis, which, in psychiatry, means the co-occurrence of both mental disorder and substance use in the same patient. METHODS Our sample (N=145) was chosen from all outpatients with a dual diagnosis treated from January 1, 2012 to July 31, 2012 by both the Mental Health Service and the Substance Use Service of Modena and Castelfranco Emilia, Italy. Patients who dropped out during the study period were excluded. Demographic data and variables related to familial and premorbid history, clinical course, rehabilitative programs, social support and nursing care, and outcome complications were collected. The patients' clinical and functioning conditions during the study period were evaluated. RESULTS Our patients were mostly men suffering from a cluster B personality disorder. Substance use was significantly more likely to precede psychiatric disease (P<0.001), and 60% of the sample presented a positive familial history for psychiatric or addiction disease or premorbid traumatic factors. The onset age of substance use was related to the period of psychiatric treatment follow-up (P<0.001) and the time spent in rehabilitative facilities (P<0.05), which, in turn, was correlated with personality disorder diagnosis (P<0.05). Complications, which presented in 67% of patients, were related to the high number of psychiatric hospitalizations (P<0.05) and professionals involved in each patient's treatment (P<0.05). Males more frequently presented familial, health, and social complications, whereas females more frequently presented self-threatening behavior (P<0.005). CONCLUSION It was concluded that the course of dual diagnosis may be chronic, severe, and disabling, requiring many long-term therapeutic and rehabilitative programs to manage various disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnese Galliani
- School of Nursing, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Guicciardi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Landi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Ferri
- School of Nursing, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Icick R, Lauer S, Romo L, Dupuy G, Lépine JP, Vorspan F. Dysfunctional parental styles perceived during childhood in outpatients with substance use disorders. Psychiatry Res 2013; 210:522-8. [PMID: 23880480 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
People who suffer from substance use disorders (SUDs) frequently report to have undergone childhood adversity that is often associated with father or mother dysfunction, or both. Yet that issue has been barely addressed in opiate dependent patients. Therefore we sought to evaluate parent-specific dysfunctional styles perceived during childhood in a clinical sample from an outpatient addiction treatment program using the Measure Of Parental Styles (MOPS) questionnaire. DSM-IV diagnoses of substance use disorders and history of suicide attempts, family structure and changes of caregiver during childhood were obtained from 159 consecutive outpatients, along with their perception of parental bonding with the MOPS, in which mother and father scores are separate. Mother neglect dimension was significantly correlated with an earlier age at onset of several substances' use, the number of prior hospitalizations and of lifetime suicide attempts. Most of these associations remained significant in multivariate models. This was the first assessment of a representative sample of outpatients with SUDs by the MOPS questionnaire. Given its excellent acceptance and its association with several key correlates of SUDs, it should be used to design specific interventions targeted at attachment and familial management as well as in research models on gene × environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Icick
- CSAPA Espace Murger, Service de Psychiatrie d'Adultes du Pr F Bellivier, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U 705, CNRS UMR 8206, Paris, France.
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Castiblanco J, Arcos-Burgos M, Anaya JM. What is next after the genes for autoimmunity? BMC Med 2013; 11:197. [PMID: 24107170 PMCID: PMC3765994 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical pathologies draw us to envisage disease as either an independent entity or a diverse set of traits governed by common physiopathological mechanisms, prompted by environmental assaults throughout life. Autoimmune diseases are not an exception, given they represent a diverse collection of diseases in terms of their demographic profile and primary clinical manifestations. Although they are pleiotropic outcomes of non-specific disease genes underlying similar immunogenetic mechanisms, research generally focuses on a single disease. Drastic technologic advances are leading research to organize clinical genomic multidisciplinary approaches to decipher the nature of human biological systems. Once the currently costly omic-based technologies become universally accessible, the way will be paved for a cleaner picture to risk quantification, prevention, prognosis and diagnosis, allowing us to clearly define better phenotypes always ensuring the integrity of the individuals studied. However, making accurate predictions for most autoimmune diseases is an ambitious challenge, since the understanding of these pathologies is far from complete. Herein, some pitfalls and challenges of the genetics of autoimmune diseases are reviewed, and an approximation to the future of research in this field is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Castiblanco
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 #63-C-69, Bogota, Colombia.
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Male adolescent substance use disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a review of the literature. ISRN ADDICTION 2012; 2013:815096. [PMID: 25969828 PMCID: PMC4403620 DOI: 10.1155/2013/815096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Approximately, one-third of male adolescents in treatment for a substance use disorder (SUD) also have an Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This strongly suggests that ADHD is a major risk factor for the development of SUD which practitioners must address if they are to provide adequate treatment for adolescents with SUD/ADHD. This paper supports a causal role for ADHD in the development of SUD and examines the developmental mechanisms whereby ADHD increases risk for SUD. These mechanisms include increased risk for conduct disorder, academic failure, deviant peer affiliation, engaging in risk behaviors, and self-medication. Assessment and treatment recommendations for those comorbid for SUD/ADHD are provided.
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