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Liu J, Gao Z, Liu X. Mitochondrial dysfunction and therapeutic perspectives in osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1325317. [PMID: 38370357 PMCID: PMC10870151 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1325317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, resulting in heightened vulnerability to fractures due to increased bone fragility. This condition primarily arises from an imbalance between the processes of bone resorption and formation. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to potentially constitute one of the most crucial mechanisms influencing the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. In essence, mitochondria play a crucial role in maintaining the delicate equilibrium between bone formation and resorption, thereby ensuring optimal skeletal health. Nevertheless, disruption of this delicate balance can arise as a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction. In dysfunctional mitochondria, the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) becomes uncoupled, resulting in reduced ATP synthesis and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reinforcement of mitochondrial dysfunction is further exacerbated by the accumulation of aberrant mitochondria. In this review, we investigated and analyzed the correlation between mitochondrial dysfunction, encompassing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) impairment, mitophagy dysregulation, defects in mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, as well as excessive ROS accumulation, with regards to OP (Figure 1). Furthermore, we explore prospective strategies currently available for modulating mitochondria to ameliorate osteoporosis. Undoubtedly, certain therapeutic strategies still require further investigation to ensure their safety and efficacy as clinical treatments. However, from a mitochondrial perspective, the potential for establishing effective and safe therapeutic approaches for osteoporosis appears promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhonghua Gao
- School of Medicine, Ezhou Vocational University, Ezhou, China
| | - Xiangjie Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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2
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Kal S, Mahata S, Jati S, Mahata SK. Mitochondrial-derived peptides: Antidiabetic functions and evolutionary perspectives. Peptides 2024; 172:171147. [PMID: 38160808 PMCID: PMC10838678 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are a novel class of bioactive microproteins encoded by short open-reading frames (sORF) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Currently, three types of MDPs have been identified: Humanin (HN), MOTS-c (Mitochondrial ORF within Twelve S rRNA type-c), and SHLP1-6 (small Humanin-like peptide, 1 to 6). The 12 S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR1) gene harbors the sequence for MOTS-c, whereas HN and SHLP1-6 are encoded by the 16 S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR2) gene. Special genetic codes are used in mtDNA as compared to nuclear DNA: (i) ATA and ATT are used as start codons in addition to the standard start codon ATG; (ii) AGA and AGG are used as stop codons instead of coding for arginine; (iii) the standard stop codon UGA is used to code for tryptophan. While HN, SHLP6, and MOTS-c are encoded by the H (heavy owing to high guanine + thymine base composition)-strand of the mtDNA, SHLP1-5 are encoded by the L (light owing to less guanine + thymine base composition)-strand. MDPs attenuate disease pathology including Type 1 diabetes (T1D), Type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes, Alzheimer's disease (AD), cardiovascular diseases, prostate cancer, and macular degeneration. The current review will focus on the MDP regulation of T2D, T1D, and gestational diabetes along with an emphasis on the evolutionary pressures for conservation of the amino acid sequences of MDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satadeepa Kal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sumana Mahata
- Department of Anesthesiology, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA, USA
| | - Suborno Jati
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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3
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Khan S, Drabiak K. Eight Strategies to Engineer Acceptance of Human Germline Modifications. JOURNAL OF BIOETHICAL INQUIRY 2023:10.1007/s11673-023-10266-3. [PMID: 37523056 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, scientific consensus held firm that genetically manipulated embryos created through methods including Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy or human germline genome editing should not be used to initiate a pregnancy. In countries that have relevant laws pertaining to heritable human germline modifications, the vast majority prohibit or restrict this practice. In the last several years, scholars have observed a transformation of scientific and policy restrictions with insistent calls for creating a regulatory pathway. Multiple stakeholders highlight the role of social consensus and public engagement for governance of heritable human germline modifications. However, in the drive to gain public acceptance and lift restrictions, some proponents provide distorted or misleading narratives designed to influence public perception and incrementally shift the consensus. This article describes eight discrete strategies that proponents employ to influence framing, sway public opinion, and revise policymaking of human germline modifications in a manner that undermines honest engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Khan
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
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4
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Baltazar-Soares M, Karell P, Wright D, Nilsson JÅ, Brommer JE. Bringing to light nuclear-mitochondrial insertions in the genomes of nocturnal predatory birds. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 181:107722. [PMID: 36720422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mito-nuclear insertions, or NUMTs, relate to genetic material of mitochondrial origin that have been transferred to the nuclear DNA molecule. The increasing amounts of genomic data currently being produced presents an opportunity to investigate this type of patterns in genome evolution of non-model organisms. Identifying NUMTs across a range of closely related taxa allows one to generalize patterns of insertion and maintenance in autosomes, which is ultimately relevant to the understanding of genome biology and evolution. Here we collected existing pairwise genome-mitogenome data of the order Strigiformes, a group that includes all the nocturnal bird predators. We identified NUMTs by applying percent similarity thresholds after blasting mitochondrial genomes against nuclear genome assemblies. We identified NUMTsin all genomes with numbers ranging from 4 in Bubo bubo to 24 in Ciccaba nigrolineata. Statistical analyses revealed NUMT size to negatively correlate with NUMT's sequence similarity to with original mtDNA region. Lastly, characterizing these nuclear insertions of mitochondrial origin in a comparative genomics framework produced variable phylogenetic patterns, suggesting in some cases that insertions might pre-date speciation events within Strigiformes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrik Karell
- Bioeconomy Research Team, Novia University of Applied Sciences, Raseborgsvägen 9, FI-10600 Raseborg, Finland; Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 39 (Ecology Building), SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Dominic Wright
- IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Nilsson
- Department of Biology, Section of Evolutionary Ecology, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jon E Brommer
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku 20500, Finland
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5
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Shang D, Huang M, Wang B, Yan X, Wu Z, Zhang X. mtDNA Maintenance and Alterations in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:578-598. [PMID: 35950246 PMCID: PMC10207910 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220810114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence indicates that the semiautonomous organelles mitochondria play key roles in the progression of many neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes components of the OXPHOS complex but mutated mtDNA accumulates in cells with aging, which mirrors the increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. This accumulation stems not only from the misreplication of mtDNA and the highly oxidative environment but also from defective mitophagy after fission. In this review, we focus on several pivotal mitochondrial proteins related to mtDNA maintenance (such as ATAD3A and TFAM), mtDNA alterations including mtDNA mutations, mtDNA elimination, and mtDNA release-activated inflammation to understand the crucial role played by mtDNA in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. Our work outlines novel therapeutic strategies for targeting mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehao Shang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Minghao Huang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Biyao Wang
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Yan
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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6
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Abstract
The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic, maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that actively transduce biological information. We argue that mitochondria are the processor of the cell, and together with the nucleus and other organelles they constitute the mitochondrial information processing system (MIPS). In a three-step process, mitochondria (1) sense and respond to both endogenous and environmental inputs through morphological and functional remodeling; (2) integrate information through dynamic, network-based physical interactions and diffusion mechanisms; and (3) produce output signals that tune the functions of other organelles and systemically regulate physiology. This input-to-output transformation allows mitochondria to transduce metabolic, biochemical, neuroendocrine, and other local or systemic signals that enhance organismal adaptation. An explicit focus on mitochondrial signal transduction emphasizes the role of communication in mitochondrial biology. This framework also opens new avenues to understand how mitochondria mediate inter-organ processes underlying human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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7
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HAIBO X, ALBATTAT A, PHUOC JC, BAOGUI W. Explore the role of irisin in mitohormesis by PGC-1α. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.22.04790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Zorina A, Zorin V, Kudlay D, Kopnin P. Age-Related Changes in the Fibroblastic Differon of the Dermis: Role in Skin Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116135. [PMID: 35682813 PMCID: PMC9181700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is a multi-factorial process that affects nearly every aspect of skin biology and function. The processes developing in the skin during aging are based on fundamental molecular mechanisms associated with fibroblasts, the main cellular population of the dermis. It has been revealed that the amount of fibroblasts decreases markedly with age and their functional activity is also reduced. This inevitably leads to a decrease in the regenerative abilities of the skin and the progression of its aging. In this review we consider the mechanisms underlying these processes, mainly the changes observed with age in the stem/progenitor cells that constitute the fibroblastic differon of the dermis and form their microenvironment (niches). These changes lead to the depletion of stem cells, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in the number of differentiated (mature) dermal fibroblasts responsible for the production of the dermal extracellular matrix and its remodeling. We also describe in detail DNA damages, their cellular and systemic consequences, molecular mechanisms of DNA damage response, and also the role of fibroblast senescence in skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Zorina
- Human Stem Cells Institute, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (V.Z.)
| | - Vadim Zorin
- Human Stem Cells Institute, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (V.Z.)
| | - Dmitry Kudlay
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Pavel Kopnin
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Oncology Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-49-9324-1739
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9
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Mei H, Mei D, Sun S, Zhang Y, Li H. Bioinformatic Identification of Key Genes Leading to Increased Mitochondrial Mass in Cochlear Hair Cells. CYTOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.87.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Mei
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University
| | - Dongmei Mei
- Department of Oral Implantology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
| | - Shan Sun
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University
| | - Yanping Zhang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University
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10
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The Mitochondrial Genome of a Freshwater Pelagic Amphipod Macrohectopus branickii Is among the Longest in Metazoa. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12122030. [PMID: 34946978 PMCID: PMC8700879 DOI: 10.3390/genes12122030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There are more than 350 species of amphipods (Crustacea) in Lake Baikal, which have emerged predominantly through the course of endemic radiation. This group represents a remarkable model for studying various aspects of evolution, one of which is the evolution of mitochondrial (mt) genome architectures. We sequenced and assembled the mt genome of a pelagic Baikalian amphipod species Macrohectopus branickii. The mt genome is revealed to have an extraordinary length (42,256 bp), deviating significantly from the genomes of other amphipod species and the majority of animals. The mt genome of M. branickii has a unique gene order within amphipods, duplications of the four tRNA genes and Cox2, and a long non-coding region, that makes up about two thirds of the genome’s size. The extension of the mt genome was most likely caused by multiple duplications and inversions of regions harboring ribosomal RNA genes. In this study, we analyzed the patterns of mt genome length changes in amphipods and other animal phyla. Through a statistical analysis, we demonstrated that the variability in the mt genome length may be a characteristic of certain phyla and is primarily conferred by expansions of non-coding regions.
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11
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Eisenberg-Bord M, Zung N, Collado J, Drwesh L, Fenech EJ, Fadel A, Dezorella N, Bykov YS, Rapaport D, Fernandez-Busnadiego R, Schuldiner M. Cnm1 mediates nucleus-mitochondria contact site formation in response to phospholipid levels. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212719. [PMID: 34694322 PMCID: PMC8548916 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202104100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial functions are tightly regulated by nuclear activity, requiring extensive communication between these organelles. One way by which organelles can communicate is through contact sites, areas of close apposition held together by tethering molecules. While many contacts have been characterized in yeast, the contact between the nucleus and mitochondria was not previously identified. Using fluorescence and electron microscopy in S. cerevisiae, we demonstrate specific areas of contact between the two organelles. Using a high-throughput screen, we uncover a role for the uncharacterized protein Ybr063c, which we have named Cnm1 (contact nucleus mitochondria 1), as a molecular tether on the nuclear membrane. We show that Cnm1 mediates contact by interacting with Tom70 on mitochondria. Moreover, Cnm1 abundance is regulated by phosphatidylcholine, enabling the coupling of phospholipid homeostasis with contact extent. The discovery of a molecular mechanism that allows mitochondrial crosstalk with the nucleus sets the ground for better understanding of mitochondrial functions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naama Zung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Javier Collado
- Institute for Neuropathology, Georg August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells," University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Layla Drwesh
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Emma J Fenech
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Fadel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nili Dezorella
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yury S Bykov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Doron Rapaport
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ruben Fernandez-Busnadiego
- Institute for Neuropathology, Georg August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells," University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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12
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Dabravolski SA, Nikiforov NG, Starodubova AV, Popkova TV, Orekhov AN. The Role of Mitochondria-Derived Peptides in Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168770. [PMID: 34445477 PMCID: PMC8396025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) are small peptides hidden in the mitochondrial DNA, maintaining mitochondrial function and protecting cells under different stresses. Currently, three types of MDPs have been identified: Humanin, MOTS-c and SHLP1-6. MDPs have demonstrated anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities, reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress-protecting properties both in vitro and in vivo. Recent research suggests that MDPs have a significant cardioprotective role, affecting CVDs (cardiovascular diseases) development and progression. CVDs are the leading cause of death globally; this term combines disorders of the blood vessels and heart. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in understanding the relationships between MDPs and the main cardiovascular risk factors (atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, hyperlipidaemia and ageing). We also will discuss the therapeutic application of MDPs, modified and synthetic MDPs, and their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A. Dabravolski
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [UO VGAVM], 7/11 Dovatora Str., 210026 Vitebsk, Belarus
- Correspondence:
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonina V. Starodubova
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
- Therapy Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianov Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Popkova
- V.A. Nasonova Institute of Rheumatology, 34A Kashirskoye Shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (N.G.N.); (A.N.O.)
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Li G, Wei X, Chen S, Li R, Zhou S, Li W, Lin Y, Yosri M, Hanif Q, Ma Z. Characterization of whole mitogenome sequence of the Tongde yak ( Bos grunniens). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2021; 6:2498-2500. [PMID: 34377805 PMCID: PMC8330789 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1958082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Tongde County is located in the southeast of Qinghai Province, China, harboring rich yak genetic resources. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the Tongde yak (Bos grunniens) was firstly sequenced using Illumina sequencing technique and the corresponding sequence characterization was identified. Our results showed that the mitogenome of Tongde yak is a circular molecule with 16,323 bp length consisting of 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes) and a non-coding control region (D-loop), which is consistent with most bovine species. The overall nucleotide composition was found as: A (33.72%), T (27.27%), C (25.80%), and G (13.21%), respectively, yielding a higher AT content (60.99%). The complete mitogenome sequence of Tongde yak would provide useful information for further studies on its genetic resource conservation and molecular breeding programmes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhen Li
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization, Xining, China
| | - Xudong Wei
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization, Xining, China
| | - Shengmei Chen
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization, Xining, China
| | - Ruizhe Li
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization, Xining, China
| | - Sangjia Zhou
- Agriculture, Animal husbandry and Water Conservancy Bureau of Tongde County in Qinghai Province, Tongde, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization, Xining, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Agriculture, Animal husbandry and Water Conservancy Bureau of Tongde County in Qinghai Province, Tongde, China
| | - Mohammed Yosri
- The Regional center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - QuratulAin Hanif
- Animal Genomics Lab, Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhijie Ma
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization, Xining, China
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14
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Harper JM, Holmes DJ. New Perspectives on Avian Models for Studies of Basic Aging Processes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060649. [PMID: 34200297 PMCID: PMC8230007 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian models have the potential to elucidate basic cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the slow aging rates and exceptional longevity typical of this group of vertebrates. To date, most studies of avian aging have focused on relatively few of the phenomena now thought to be intrinsic to the aging process, but primarily on responses to oxidative stress and telomere dynamics. But a variety of whole-animal and cell-based approaches to avian aging and stress resistance have been developed-especially the use of primary cell lines and isolated erythrocytes-which permit other processes to be investigated. In this review, we highlight newer studies using these approaches. We also discuss recent research on age-related changes in neural function in birds in the context of sensory changes relevant to homing and navigation, as well as the maintenance of song. More recently, with the advent of "-omic" methodologies, including whole-genome studies, new approaches have gained momentum for investigating the mechanistic basis of aging in birds. Overall, current research suggests that birds exhibit an enhanced resistance to the detrimental effects of oxidative damage and maintain higher than expected levels of cellular function as they age. There is also evidence that genetic signatures associated with cellular defenses, as well as metabolic and immune function, are enhanced in birds but data are still lacking relative to that available from more conventional model organisms. We are optimistic that continued development of avian models in geroscience, especially under controlled laboratory conditions, will provide novel insights into the exceptional longevity of this animal taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Harper
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-936-294-1543
| | - Donna J. Holmes
- Department of Biological Sciences and WWAMI Medical Education Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
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15
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Sharma J, Kumari R, Bhargava A, Tiwari R, Mishra PK. Mitochondrial-induced Epigenetic Modifications: From Biology to Clinical Translation. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:159-176. [PMID: 32851956 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200826165735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are maternally inherited semi-autonomous organelles that play a central role in redox balance, energy metabolism, control of integrated stress responses, and cellular homeostasis. The molecular communication between mitochondria and the nucleus is intricate and bidirectional in nature. Though mitochondrial genome encodes for several key proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation, several regulatory factors encoded by nuclear DNA are prominent contributors to mitochondrial biogenesis and function. The loss of synergy between this reciprocal control of anterograde (nuclear to mitochondrial) and retrograde (mitochondrial to nuclear) signaling, triggers epigenomic imbalance and affects mitochondrial function and global gene expressions. Recent expansions of our knowledge on mitochondrial epigenomics have offered novel perspectives for the study of several non-communicable diseases including cancer. As mitochondria are considered beacons for pharmacological interventions, new frontiers in targeted delivery approaches could provide opportunities for effective disease management and cure through reversible epigenetic reprogramming. This review focuses on recent progress in the area of mitochondrial-nuclear cross-talk and epigenetic regulation of mitochondrial DNA methylation, mitochondrial micro RNAs, and post-translational modification of mitochondrial nucleoid-associated proteins that hold major opportunities for targeted drug delivery and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahnavi Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Roshani Kumari
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Arpit Bhargava
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Rajnarayan Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Pradyumna K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
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16
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Kang GM, Min SH, Lee CH, Kim JY, Lim HS, Choi MJ, Jung SB, Park JW, Kim S, Park CB, Dugu H, Choi JH, Jang WH, Park SE, Cho YM, Kim JG, Kim KG, Choi CS, Kim YB, Lee C, Shong M, Kim MS. Mitohormesis in Hypothalamic POMC Neurons Mediates Regular Exercise-Induced High-Turnover Metabolism. Cell Metab 2021; 33:334-349.e6. [PMID: 33535098 PMCID: PMC7959183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade mitochondrial stress can promote health and longevity, a phenomenon termed mitohormesis. Here, we demonstrate the opposing metabolic effects of low-level and high-level mitochondrial ribosomal (mitoribosomal) stress in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. POMC neuron-specific severe mitoribosomal stress due to Crif1 homodeficiency causes obesity in mice. By contrast, mild mitoribosomal stress caused by Crif1 heterodeficiency in POMC neurons leads to high-turnover metabolism and resistance to obesity. These metabolic benefits are mediated by enhanced thermogenesis and mitochondrial unfolded protein responses (UPRmt) in distal adipose tissues. In POMC neurons, partial Crif1 deficiency increases the expression of β-endorphin (β-END) and mitochondrial DNA-encoded peptide MOTS-c. Central administration of MOTS-c or β-END recapitulates the adipose phenotype of Crif1 heterodeficient mice, suggesting these factors as potential mediators. Consistently, regular running exercise at moderate intensity stimulates hypothalamic MOTS-c/β-END expression and induces adipose tissue UPRmt and thermogenesis. Our findings indicate that POMC neuronal mitohormesis may underlie exercise-induced high-turnover metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Myoung Kang
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Se Hee Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Chan Hee Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Ji Ye Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Hyo Sun Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Choi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Saet-Byel Jung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Seongjun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Chae Beom Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Hong Dugu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jong Han Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Won Hee Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Young Min Cho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Kyung-Gon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Gachon University, Inchon 21999, Korea
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.
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17
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Proshkina EN, Solovev IA, Shaposhnikov MV, Moskalev AA. Key Molecular Mechanisms of Aging, Biomarkers, and Potential Interventions. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893320060096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Yumnamcha T, Guerra M, Singh LP, Ibrahim AS. Metabolic Dysregulation and Neurovascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1244. [PMID: 33302369 PMCID: PMC7762582 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of ocular complications in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in developed countries. Due to the continued increase in the number of people with obesity and diabetes in the United States of America and globally, the incidence of diabetic retinopathy is expected to increase significantly in the coming years. Diabetic retinopathy is widely accepted as a combination of neurodegenerative and microvascular changes; however, which change occurs first is not yet understood. Although the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is very complex, regulated by numerous signaling pathways and cellular processes, maintaining glucose homeostasis is still an essential component for normal physiological functioning of retinal cells. The maintenance of glucose homeostasis is finely regulated by coordinated interplay between glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis is the most conserved metabolic pathway in biology and is tightly regulated to maintain a steady-state concentration of glycolytic intermediates; this regulation is called scheduled or regulated glycolysis. However, an abnormal increase in glycolytic flux generates large amounts of intermediate metabolites that can be shunted into different damaging pathways including the polyol pathway, hexosamine pathway, diacylglycerol-dependent activation of the protein kinase C pathway, and Amadori/advanced glycation end products (AGEs) pathway. In addition, disrupting the balance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation leads to other biochemical and molecular changes observed in diabetic retinopathy including endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria miscommunication and mitophagy dysregulation. This review will focus on how dysregulation of glycolysis contributes to diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangal Yumnamcha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.G.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Michael Guerra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.G.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Lalit Pukhrambam Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.G.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Ahmed S. Ibrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.G.); (L.P.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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19
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Zhang J. The Promise of a Golden Era for Exploring the Frontiers of Aging, Metabolism and Redox Biology. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2020; 1:610406. [PMID: 36212526 PMCID: PMC9541140 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2020.610406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Kalyakulina A, Iannuzzi V, Sazzini M, Garagnani P, Jalan S, Franceschi C, Ivanchenko M, Giuliani C. Investigating Mitonuclear Genetic Interactions Through Machine Learning: A Case Study on Cold Adaptation Genes in Human Populations From Different European Climate Regions. Front Physiol 2020; 11:575968. [PMID: 33262703 PMCID: PMC7686538 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.575968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold climates represent one of the major environmental challenges that anatomically modern humans faced during their dispersal out of Africa. The related adaptive traits have been achieved by modulation of thermogenesis and thermoregulation processes where nuclear (nuc) and mitochondrial (mt) genes play a major role. In human populations, mitonuclear genetic interactions are the result of both the peculiar genetic history of each human group and the different environments they have long occupied. This study aims to investigate mitonuclear genetic interactions by considering all the mitochondrial genes and 28 nuclear genes involved in brown adipose tissue metabolism, which have been previously hypothesized to be crucial for cold adaptation. For this purpose, we focused on three human populations (i.e., Finnish, British, and Central Italian people) of European ancestry from different biogeographical and climatic areas, and we used a machine learning approach to identify relevant nucDNA–mtDNA interactions that characterized each population. The obtained results are twofold: (i) at the methodological level, we demonstrated that a machine learning approach is able to detect patterns of genetic structure among human groups from different latitudes both at single genes and by considering combinations of mtDNA and nucDNA loci; (ii) at the biological level, the analysis identified population-specific nuclear genes and variants that likely play a relevant biological role in association with a mitochondrial gene (such as the “obesity gene” FTO in Finnish people). Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the evolutionary dynamics (e.g., migration, admixture, and/or local adaptation) that shaped these nucDNA–mtDNA interactions and their functional role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Kalyakulina
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Vincenzo Iannuzzi
- Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Sazzini
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sarika Jalan
- Complex Systems Laboratory, Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India.,Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ivanchenko
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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21
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Brown JA, Sammy MJ, Ballinger SW. An evolutionary, or "Mitocentric" perspective on cellular function and disease. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101568. [PMID: 32512469 PMCID: PMC7281786 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of common, metabolic diseases (e.g. obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes) with complex genetic etiology has been steadily increasing nationally and globally. While identification of a genetic model that explains susceptibility and risk for these diseases has been pursued over several decades, no clear paradigm has yet been found to disentangle the genetic basis of polygenic/complex disease development. Since the evolution of the eukaryotic cell involved a symbiotic interaction between the antecedents of the mitochondrion and nucleus (which itself is a genetic hybrid), we suggest that this history provides a rational basis for investigating whether genetic interaction and co-evolution of these genomes still exists. We propose that both mitochondrial and Mendelian, or "mito-Mendelian" genetics play a significant role in cell function, and thus disease risk. This paradigm contemplates the natural variation and co-evolution of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA backgrounds on multiple mitochondrial functions that are discussed herein, including energy production, cell signaling and immune response, which collectively can influence disease development. At the nexus of these processes is the economy of mitochondrial metabolism, programmed by both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamelle A Brown
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Melissa J Sammy
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Scott W Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Genomics influences the aging process in many different ways. This 10-part series of articles describes what is known about genetics and aging, including genes, adducts, and telomeres, decreased immune defenses, oxidation and inefficient mitochondria, toxins and radiation, glycosylation, caloric intake and sirtuin production, neurotransmitter imbalance, hormone mechanisms, reduced nitric oxide, and stem cell slowdown. This first article explores gene adducts as an epigenetic "sludge," the influence of telomeres and other mutations that contribute to DNA dysfunction, cell stress, and premature aging. Factors that contribute to adduct formation and reduced telomere length are presented along with some changes in behavior, environmental exposure, food/supplement use, weight, sleep, and exercise that have been found to reduce damage, potentially increasing longevity. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet that contains fruits and whole grains along with fiber, antioxidants (e.g., beta-carotene, vitamins C and E), omega-3 fatty acids, and soy protein may reduce DNA adducts and protect telomeres. So providers may want to recommend these simple but key clinical and individual changes to enhance DNA health, wellness, and longevity.
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23
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Benayoun BA, Veitia RA. Special issue on "Molecular genetics of aging and longevity": a critical time in the field of geroscience. Hum Genet 2020; 139:275-276. [PMID: 32052140 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bérénice A Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Molecular and Computational Biology Department, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- USC Stem Cell Initiative, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Reiner A Veitia
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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