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Goel K, Chhetri A, Ludhiadch A, Munshi A. Current Update on Categorization of Migraine Subtypes on the Basis of Genetic Variation: a Systematic Review. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03837-3. [PMID: 38135854 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is a complex neurovascular disorder that is characterized by severe behavioral, sensory, visual, and/or auditory symptoms. It has been labeled as one of the ten most disabling medical illnesses in the world by the World Health Organization (Aagaard et al Sci Transl Med 6(237):237ra65, 2014). According to a recent report by the American Migraine Foundation (Shoulson et al Ann Neurol 25(3):252-9, 1989), around 148 million people in the world currently suffer from migraine. On the basis of presence of aura, migraine is classified into two major subtypes: migraine with aura (Aagaard et al Sci Transl Med 6(237):237ra65, 2014) and migraine without aura. (Aagaard K et al Sci Transl Med 6(237):237ra65, 2014) Many complex genetic mechanisms have been proposed in the pathophysiology of migraine but specific pathways associated with the different subtypes of migraine have not yet been explored. Various approaches including candidate gene association studies (CGAS) and genome-wide association studies (Fan et al Headache: J Head Face Pain 54(4):709-715, 2014). have identified the genetic markers associated with migraine and its subtypes. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (Kaur et al Egyp J Neurol, Psychiatry Neurosurg 55(1):1-7, 2019) within genes involved in ion homeostasis, solute transport, synaptic transmission, cortical excitability, and vascular function have been associated with the disorder. Currently, the diagnosis of migraine is majorly behavioral with no focus on the genetic markers and thereby the therapeutic intervention specific to subtypes. Therefore, there is a need to explore genetic variants significantly associated with MA and MO as susceptibility markers in the diagnosis and targets for therapeutic interventions in the specific subtypes of migraine. Although the proper characterization of pathways based on different subtypes is yet to be studied, this review aims to make a first attempt to compile the information available on various genetic variants and the molecular mechanisms involved with the development of MA and MO. An attempt has also been made to suggest novel candidate genes based on their function to be explored by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashish Goel
- Complex Disease Genomics and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India, 151401
| | - Aakash Chhetri
- Complex Disease Genomics and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India, 151401
| | - Abhilash Ludhiadch
- Complex Disease Genomics and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India, 151401
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Complex Disease Genomics and Precision Medicine Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India, 151401.
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Feng X, Diao S, Liu Y, Xu Z, Li G, Ma Y, Su Z, Liu X, Li J, Zhang Z. Exploring the mechanism of artificial selection signature in Chinese indigenous pigs by leveraging multiple bioinformatics database tools. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:743. [PMID: 38053015 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09848-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese indigenous pigs in Yunnan exhibit considerable phenotypic diversity, but their population structure and the biological interpretation of signatures of artificial selection require further investigation. To uncover population genetic diversity, migration events, and artificial selection signatures in Chinese domestic pigs, we sampled 111 Yunnan pigs from four breeds in Yunnan which is considered to be one of the centres of livestock domestication in China, and genotyped them using Illumina Porcine SNP60K BeadChip. We then leveraged multiple bioinformatics database tools to further investigate the signatures and associated complex traits. RESULTS Population structure and migration analyses showed that Diannanxiaoer pigs had different genetic backgrounds from other Yunnan pigs, and Gaoligongshan may undergone the migration events from Baoshan and Saba pigs. Intriguingly, we identified a possible common target of sharing artificial selection on a 265.09 kb region on chromosome 5 in Yunnan indigenous pigs, and the genes on this region were associated with cardiovascular and immune systems. We also detected several candidate genes correlated with dietary adaptation, body size (e.g., PASCIN1, GRM4, ITPR2), and reproductive performance. In addition, the breed-sharing gene MMP16 was identified to be a human-mediated gene. Multiple lines of evidence at the mammalian genome, transcriptome, and phenome levels further supported the evidence for the causality between MMP16 variants and the metabolic diseases, brain development, and cartilage tissues in Chinese pigs. Our results suggested that the suppression of MMP16 would directly lead to inactivity and insensitivity of neuronal activity and skeletal development in Chinese indigenous pigs. CONCLUSION In this study, the population genetic analyses and identification of artificial selection signatures of Yunnan indigenous pigs help to build an understanding of the effect of human-mediated selection mechanisms on phenotypic traits in Chinese indigenous pigs. Further studies are needed to fully characterize the process of human-mediated genes and biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuqi Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhiting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guangzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ye Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhanqin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Pavon MV, Navakkode S, Wong LW, Sajikumar S. Inhibition of Nogo-A rescues synaptic plasticity and associativity in APP/PS1 animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 139:111-120. [PMID: 35431138 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline. Synaptic impairment is one of the first events to occur in the progression of this disease. Synaptic plasticity and cellular association of various plastic events have been shown to be affected in AD models. Nogo-A, a well-known axonal growth inhibitor with a recently discovered role as a plasticity suppressor, and its main receptor Nogo-66 receptor 1 (NGR1) have been found to be overexpressed in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's patients. However, the role of Nogo-A and its receptor in the pathology of AD is still widely unknown. In this work we set out to investigate whether Nogo-A is working as a plasticity suppressor in AD. Our results show that inhibition of the Nogo-A pathway via the Nogo-R antibody in an Alzheimer's mouse model, APP/PS1, leads to the restoration of both synaptic plasticity and associativity in a protein synthesis and NMDR-dependent manner. We also show that inhibition of the p75NTR pathway, which is strongly associated with NGR1, restores synaptic plasticity as well. Mechanistically, we propose that the restoration of synaptic plasticity in APP/PS1 via inhibition of the Nogo-A pathway is due to the modulation of the RhoA-ROCK2 pathway and increase in plasticity related proteins. Our study identifies Nogo-A as a plasticity suppressor in AD models hence targeting Nogo-A could be a promising strategy to understanding AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vazquez Pavon
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Life Sciences Institute, Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Sheeja Navakkode
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Lik-Wei Wong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Life Sciences Institute, Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Life Sciences Institute, Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
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Tang BL. Cholesterol synthesis inhibition or depletion in axon regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:271-276. [PMID: 34269187 PMCID: PMC8463970 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.317956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is biosynthesized by all animal cells. Beyond its metabolic role in steroidogenesis, it is enriched in the plasma membrane where it has key structural and regulatory functions. Cholesterol is thus presumably important for post-injury axon regrowth, and this notion is supported by studies showing that impairment of local cholesterol reutilization impeded regeneration. However, several studies have also shown that statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, are enhancers of axon regeneration, presumably acting through an attenuation of the mevalonate isoprenoid pathway and consequent reduction in protein prenylation. Several recent reports have now shown that cholesterol depletion, as well as inhibition of cholesterol synthesis per se, enhances axon regeneration. Here, I discussed these findings and propose some possible underlying mechanisms. The latter would include possible disruptions to axon growth inhibitor signaling by lipid raft-localized receptors, as well as other yet unclear neuronal survival signaling process enhanced by cholesterol lowering or depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Orfila JE, Dietz RM, Rodgers KM, Dingman A, Patsos OP, Cruz-Torres I, Grewal H, Strnad F, Schroeder C, Herson PS. Experimental pediatric stroke shows age-specific recovery of cognition and role of hippocampal Nogo-A receptor signaling. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:588-599. [PMID: 30762478 PMCID: PMC7026845 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19828581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide and clinical data suggest that children may recover from stroke better than adults; however, supporting experimental data are lacking. We used our novel mouse model of experimental juvenile ischemic stroke (MCAO) to characterize age-specific cognitive dysfunction following ischemia. Juvenile and adult mice subjected to 45-min MCAO, and extracellular field recordings of CA1 neurons were performed to assess hippocampal synaptic plasticity changes after MCAO, and contextual fear conditioning was performed to evaluate memory and biochemistry used to analyze Nogo-A expression. Juvenile mice showed impaired synaptic plasticity seven days after MCAO, followed by full recovery by 30 days. Memory behavior was consistent with synaptic impairments and recovery after juvenile MCAO. Nogo-A expression increased in ipsilateral hippocampus seven days after MCAO compared to contralateral and sham hippocampus. Further, inhibition of Nogo-A receptors reversed MCAO-induced synaptic impairment in slices obtained seven days after juvenile MCAO. Adult MCAO-induced impairment of LTP was not associated with increased Nogo-A. This study demonstrates that stroke causes functional impairment in the hippocampus and recovery of behavioral and synaptic function is more robust in the young brain. Nogo-A receptor activity may account for the impairments seen following juvenile ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Orfila
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert M Dietz
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Krista M Rodgers
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andra Dingman
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Olivia P Patsos
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ivelisse Cruz-Torres
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Himmat Grewal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Frank Strnad
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christian Schroeder
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Kaur S, Ali A, Ahmad U, Siahbalaei Y, Pandey AK, Singh B. Role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in common migraine. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-019-0093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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7
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Spinal Cord Injuries in Dogs Part II: Standards of Care, Prognosis and New Perspectives. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2018-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Severe spinal cord injuries (SCI), causing physical handicaps and accompanied by many serious complications, remains one of the most challenging problems in both, human and veterinary health care practices. The central nervous system in mammals does not regenerate, so the neurological deficits in a dog following SCI persists for the rest of its life and the affected animals display an image of permanent suffering. Diagnostics are based on: neurological examination, plain x-rays of vertebral column, x-rays of the vertebral column following intrathecal administration of a water-soluble contrast medium (myelography), x-rays of the vertebral column following epidural administration of a contrast medium (epidurography), computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Currently, only limited therapeutic measures are available for the dogs with SCIs. They include: the administration of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) during the acute stage; early spinal cord decompression; stabilisation of vertebral fractures or luxations; prevention and treatment of complications, and expert rehabilitation. Together with the progress in the understanding of pathophysiologic events occurring after SCI, different therapeutic strategies have been instituted, including the local delivery of MPSS, the utilisation of novel pharmacological agents, hypothermia, and stem/precursor cell transplantation have all been tested in the experimental models and preclinical trials with promising results. The aim of this review is the presentation of the generally accepted methods of diagnostics and management of dogs with SCIs, as well as to discuss new therapeutic modalities. The research strategy involved a PubMed, Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid) and ISI Web of Science literature search from January 2001 to December 2017 using the term “spinal cord injury”, in the English language literature; also references from selected papers were scanned and relevant articles included.
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Abstract
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries (SCI) in dogs are not frequent, but they are serious pathological conditions accompanied with high morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology of SCI involves a primary insult, disrupting axons, blood vessels, and cell membranes by mechanical force, or causes tissue necrosis by ischemia and reperfusion. The primary injury is followed by a cascade of secondary events, involving vascular dysfunction, edema formation, continuing ischemia, excitotoxicity, electrolyte shifts, free radical production, inflammation, and delayed apoptotic cell death. The most frequent cause of SCI in dogs is an acute intervertebral disc extrusion, exogenous trauma or ischemia. Neurological symptomatology depends on the location, size and the type of spinal cord lesions. It is characterized by transient or permanent, incomplete or complete loss of motor, sensory, autonomic, and reflex functions caudal to the site of the lesion. In a case of partial spinal cord (SC) damage, one of the typical syndromes develops (e. g. Brown-Séquard syndrome, central SC syndrome, ventral SC syndrome, dorsal SC syndrome, conus medullaris syndrome, or traumatic cauda equina syndrome). The severe transversal spinal cord lesion in the cervical region causes paresis or plegia of all four extremities (tetraparesis, tetraplegia); in thoracic or lumbosacral region, paresis or plegia of the pelvic extremities (paraparesis, paraplegia), i. e. sensory-motor deficit, urinary and foecal incontinence and sexual incompetence. The central nervous system in mammals does not regenerate, so the neurological deficit in dogs following severe SCI persists for the rest of their lives and animals display an image of permanent suffering. The research strategy presented here involved a PubMed, Medline (Ovid) and ISI Web of Science literature search from Januray 2001 to December 2017 using the term “canine spinal cord injury” in the English language; also references from selected papers were scanned and relevant articles included.
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Lattanzi GM, Buzzanca A, Frascarelli M, Di Fabio F. Genetic and clinical features of social cognition in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1631-1640. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Maria Lattanzi
- Department of Human Neurosciences; Sapienza University; Rome 00185 Italy
- Department of Psychosis Studies; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College; London SE5 8AF United Kingdom
| | - Antonino Buzzanca
- Department of Human Neurosciences; Sapienza University; Rome 00185 Italy
| | | | - Fabio Di Fabio
- Department of Human Neurosciences; Sapienza University; Rome 00185 Italy
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Smedfors G, Olson L, Karlsson TE. A Nogo-Like Signaling Perspective from Birth to Adulthood and in Old Age: Brain Expression Patterns of Ligands, Receptors and Modulators. Front Mol Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29520216 PMCID: PMC5827527 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An appropriate strength of Nogo-like signaling is important to maintain synaptic homeostasis in the CNS. Disturbances have been associated with schizophrenia, MS and other diseases. Blocking Nogo-like signaling may improve recovery after spinal cord injury, stroke and traumatic brain injury. To understand the interacting roles of an increasing number of ligands, receptors and modulators engaged in Nogo-like signaling, the transcriptional activity of these genes in the same brain areas from birth to old age in the normal brain is needed. Thus, we have quantitatively mapped the innate expression of 11 important genes engaged in Nogo-like signaling. Using in situ hybridization, we located and measured the amount of mRNA encoding Nogo-A, OMgp, NgR1, NgR2, NgR3, Lingo-1, Troy, Olfactomedin, LgI1, ADAM22, and MAG, in 18 different brain areas at six different ages (P0, 1, 2, 4, 14, and 104 weeks). We show gene- and area-specific activities and how the genes undergo dynamic regulation during postnatal development and become stable during adulthood. Hippocampal areas underwent the largest changes over time. We only found differences between individual cortical areas in Troy and MAG. Subcortical areas presented the largest inter-regional differences; lateral and basolateral amygdala had markedly higher expression than other subcortical areas. The widespread differences and unique expression patterns of the different genes involved in Nogo-like signaling suggest that the functional complexes could look vastly different in different areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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p75NTR and TROY: Uncharted Roles of Nogo Receptor Complex in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6329-6336. [PMID: 29294247 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), have been on the forefront of drug discovery for most of the myelin inhibitory molecules implicated in axonal regenerative process. Nogo-A along with its putative receptor NgR and co-receptor LINGO-1 has paved the way for the production of pharmaceutical agents such as monoclonal antibodies, which are already put into handful of clinical trials. On the other side, little progress has been made towards clarifying the role of neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR) and TROY in disease progression, other key players of the Nogo receptor complex. Previous work of our lab has shown that their exact location and type of expression is harmonized in a phase-dependent manner. Here, in this review, we outline their façade in normal and diseased central nervous system (CNS) and suggest a role for p75NTR in chronic axonal regeneration whereas TROY in acute inflammation of EAE intercourse.
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Theotokis P, Touloumi O, Lagoudaki R, Nousiopoulou E, Kesidou E, Siafis S, Tselios T, Lourbopoulos A, Karacostas D, Grigoriadis N, Simeonidou C. Nogo receptor complex expression dynamics in the inflammatory foci of central nervous system experimental autoimmune demyelination. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:265. [PMID: 27724971 PMCID: PMC5057208 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nogo-A and its putative receptor NgR are considered to be among the inhibitors of axonal regeneration in the CNS. However, few studies so far have addressed the issue of local NgR complex multilateral localization within inflammation in an MS mouse model of autoimmune demyelination. METHODS Chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in C57BL/6 mice. Analyses were performed on acute (days 18-22) and chronic (day 50) time points and compared to controls. The temporal and spatial expression of the Nogo receptor complex (NgR and coreceptors) was studied at the spinal cord using epifluorescent and confocal microscopy or real-time PCR. Data are expressed as cells/mm2, as mean % ± SEM, or as arbitrary units of integrated density. RESULTS Animals developed a moderate to severe EAE without mortality, followed by a progressive, chronic clinical course. NgR complex spatial expression varied during the main time points of EAE. NgR with coreceptors LINGO-1 and TROY was increased in the spinal cord in the acute phase whereas LINGO-1 and p75 signal seemed to be dominant in the chronic phase, respectively. NgR was detected on gray matter NeuN+ neurons of the spinal cord, within the white matter inflammatory foci (14.2 ± 4.3 % NgR+ inflammatory cells), and found to be colocalized with GAP-43+ axonal growth cones while no β-TubIII+, SMI-32+, or APP+ axons were found as NgR+. Among the NgR+ inflammatory cells, 75.6 ± 9.0 % were microglial/macrophages (lectin+), 49.6 ± 14.2 % expressed CD68 (phagocytic ED1+ cells), and no cells were Mac-3+. Of these macrophages/monocytes, only Arginase-1+/NgR+ but not iNOS+/NgR+ were present in lesions both in acute and chronic phases. CONCLUSIONS Our data describe in detail the expression of the Nogo receptor complex within the autoimmune inflammatory foci and suggest a possible immune action for NgR apart from the established inhibitory one on axonal growth. Its expression by inflammatory macrophages/monocytes could signify a possible role of these cells on axonal guidance and clearance of the lesioned area during inflammatory demyelination.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Arginase/metabolism
- Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Central Nervous System/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/complications
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Freund's Adjuvant/immunology
- Freund's Adjuvant/toxicity
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/immunology
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/toxicity
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Nogo Proteins/genetics
- Nogo Proteins/metabolism
- Nogo Receptors/genetics
- Nogo Receptors/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/toxicity
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Statistics, Nonparametric
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Affiliation(s)
- Paschalis Theotokis
- B’ Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilponos Kiriakides str. 1, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia Greece
| | - Olga Touloumi
- B’ Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilponos Kiriakides str. 1, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia Greece
| | - Roza Lagoudaki
- B’ Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilponos Kiriakides str. 1, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia Greece
| | - Evangelia Nousiopoulou
- B’ Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilponos Kiriakides str. 1, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia Greece
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- B’ Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilponos Kiriakides str. 1, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia Greece
| | - Spyridon Siafis
- B’ Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilponos Kiriakides str. 1, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia Greece
| | - Theodoros Tselios
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Rion, 265 04 Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasios Lourbopoulos
- B’ Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilponos Kiriakides str. 1, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia Greece
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Karacostas
- B’ Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilponos Kiriakides str. 1, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- B’ Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stilponos Kiriakides str. 1, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia Greece
| | - Constantina Simeonidou
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia Greece
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13
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Lang DM, Romero-Alemán MDM, Dobson B, Santos E, Monzón-Mayor M. Nogo-A does not inhibit retinal axon regeneration in the lizardGallotia galloti. J Comp Neurol 2016; 525:936-954. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M. Lang
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology; University of Cape Town; Observatory 7925 South Africa
| | - Maria del Mar Romero-Alemán
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; 35016 Las Palmas Canary Islands Spain
| | - Bryony Dobson
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology; University of Cape Town; Observatory 7925 South Africa
| | - Elena Santos
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; 35016 Las Palmas Canary Islands Spain
| | - Maximina Monzón-Mayor
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; 35016 Las Palmas Canary Islands Spain
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14
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Zhang SF, Zhou Y, Zhang KJ, Luan JJ, Qi SM. [Neuroprotective effect of Nogo-66 receptor silencing in preterm rats with brain injury caused by intrauterine infection]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2016; 18:1035-1043. [PMID: 27751227 PMCID: PMC7389554 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) silencing with specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) on brain injury repair in preterm rats with brain injury caused by intrauterine infection and related mechanism of action. METHODS The pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (with a gestational age of 15 days) were selected, and premature delivery was induced by RU486 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The preterm rats delivered by those treated with RU486 were selected as the control group. The preterm rats with brain injury caused by intrauterine infection induced by LPS were divided into model, empty vector, and NgR-siRNA groups, with 36 rats in each group. The rats in the control and model groups were given routine feeding only, and those in the empty vector and NgR-siRNA groups were given an injection of lentiviral empty vector or NgR-siRNA lentivirus via the lateral ventricle on postnatal day 1 (P1) and then fed routinely. On P3, P7, and P14, 8 rats in each group were randomly selected and sacrificed to harvest the brain tissue. RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of NgR. Western blot was used to to measure the protein expression of active RhoA. The immunofluorescence histochemistry was used to determine the degree of activation of microglial cells and the morphology of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in brain tissue. The behavioral score was evaluated on P30. RESULTS On P3, the NgR-siRNA group had significantly lower mRNA expression of NgR and protein expression of active RhoA in brain tissue than the model and empty vector groups (P<0.05). In each group, the mRNA expression of NgR was positively correlated with the protein expression of active RhoA (P<0.05). The results of immunofluorescence histochemistry showed that on P3, the NgR-siRNA group had a significantly reduced fluorescence intensity of the microglial cells labeled with CD11b compared with the model and empty vector groups (P<0.05). The OPCs labeled with O4 antibody in the four groups were mainly presented with tripolar cell morphology. The results of pathological examination showed a normal structure of white matter with clear staining in the periventriclar area in the control group, a loose structure of white matter with disorganized fibers and softening lesions in the model and empty vector groups, and a loose structure of white matter with slightly disorganized fibers, slight gliocyte proliferation, and no significant necrotic lesions in the NgR-siRNA group. As for the behavioral score, compared with the model and empty vector groups, the NgR-siRNA group had a higher score in the suspension test, a longer total activity distance, and greater mean velocity and number of squares crossed, as well as a shorter time of slope test and a shorter time and distance of activity in the central area (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in these parameters between the NgR-siRNA and control groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS NgR silencing with specific siRNA can effectively silence the expression of NgR in pertem rats with brain injury caused by interauterine infection and has a significant neuroprotective effect in brain injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Fa Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China.
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15
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Yoo SW, Motari MG, Schnaar RL. Agenesis of the corpus callosum in Nogo receptor deficient mice. J Comp Neurol 2016; 525:291-301. [PMID: 27339102 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest fiber tract in the mammalian brain, linking the bilateral cerebral hemispheres. CC development depends on the proper balance of axon growth cone attractive and repellent cues leading axons to the midline and then directing them to the contralateral hemisphere. Imbalance of these cues results in CC agenesis or dysgenesis. Nogo receptors (NgR1, NgR2, and NgR3) are growth cone directive molecules known for inhibiting axon regeneration after injury. We report that mice lacking Nogo receptors (NgR123-null mice) display complete CC agenesis due to axon misdirection evidenced by ectopic axons including cortical Probst bundles. Because glia and glial-derived growth cone repellent factors (especially the diffusible factor Slit2) are required for CC development, their distribution was studied. Compared with wild-type mice, NgR123-null mice had a sharp increase in the glial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and in Slit2 at the glial wedge and indusium griseum, midline structures required for CC formation. NgR123-null mice displayed reduced motor coordination and hyperactivity. These data are consistent with the hypotheses that Nogo receptors are membrane-bound growth cone repellent factors required for migration of axons across the midline at the CC, and that their absence results directly or indirectly in midline gliosis, increased Slit2, and complete CC agenesis. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:291-301, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Wan Yoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Mary G Motari
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205
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16
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Subramanian M, Timmerman CK, Schwartz JL, Pham DL, Meffert MK. Characterizing autism spectrum disorders by key biochemical pathways. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:313. [PMID: 26483618 PMCID: PMC4586332 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) presents a substantial challenge for diagnosis, classification, research, and treatment. Investigations into the underlying molecular etiology of ASD have often yielded mixed and at times opposing findings. Defining the molecular and biochemical underpinnings of heterogeneity in ASD is crucial to our understanding of the pathophysiological development of the disorder, and has the potential to assist in diagnosis and the rational design of clinical trials. In this review, we propose that genetically diverse forms of ASD may be usefully parsed into entities resulting from converse patterns of growth regulation at the molecular level, which lead to the correlates of general synaptic and neural overgrowth or undergrowth. Abnormal brain growth during development is a characteristic feature that has been observed both in children with autism and in mouse models of autism. We review evidence from syndromic and non-syndromic ASD to suggest that entities currently classified as autism may fundamentally differ by underlying pro- or anti-growth abnormalities in key biochemical pathways, giving rise to either excessive or reduced synaptic connectivity in affected brain regions. We posit that this classification strategy has the potential not only to aid research efforts, but also to ultimately facilitate early diagnosis and direct appropriate therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Subramanian
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christina K Timmerman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua L Schwartz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel L Pham
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mollie K Meffert
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA ; Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Correale J, Farez MF. The Role of Astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis Progression. Front Neurol 2015; 6:180. [PMID: 26347709 PMCID: PMC4539519 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disorder causing central nervous system (CNS) demyelination and axonal injury. Although its etiology remains elusive, several lines of evidence support the concept that autoimmunity plays a major role in disease pathogenesis. The course of MS is highly variable; nevertheless, the majority of patients initially present a relapsing–remitting clinical course. After 10–15 years of disease, this pattern becomes progressive in up to 50% of untreated patients, during which time clinical symptoms slowly cause constant deterioration over a period of many years. In about 15% of MS patients, however, disease progression is relentless from disease onset. Published evidence supports the concept that progressive MS reflects a poorly understood mechanism of insidious axonal degeneration and neuronal loss. Recently, the type of microglial cell and of astrocyte activation and proliferation observed has suggested contribution of resident CNS cells may play a critical role in disease progression. Astrocytes could contribute to this process through several mechanisms: (a) as part of the innate immune system, (b) as a source of cytotoxic factors, (c) inhibiting remyelination and axonal regeneration by forming a glial scar, and (d) contributing to axonal mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, regulatory mechanisms mediated by astrocytes can be affected by aging. Notably, astrocytes might also limit the detrimental effects of pro-inflammatory factors, while providing support and protection for oligodendrocytes and neurons. Because of the dichotomy observed in astrocytic effects, the design of therapeutic strategies targeting astrocytes becomes a challenging endeavor. Better knowledge of molecular and functional properties of astrocytes, therefore, should promote understanding of their specific role in MS pathophysiology, and consequently lead to development of novel and more successful therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Correale
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Dr. Raúl Carrea, FLENI , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Mauricio F Farez
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Dr. Raúl Carrea, FLENI , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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18
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Isobe M, Tanigaki K, Muraki K, Miyata J, Takemura A, Sugihara G, Takahashi H, Aso T, Fukuyama H, Hazama M, Murai T. Polymorphism within a Neuronal Activity-Dependent Enhancer of NgR1 Is Associated with Corpus Callosum Morphology in Humans. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2015; 1:105-15. [PMID: 27602360 DOI: 10.1159/000430463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The human Nogo-66 receptor 1 (NgR1) gene, also termed Nogo receptor 1 or reticulon 4 receptor (RTN4R) and located within 22q11.2, inhibits axonal growth and synaptic plasticity. Patients with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome show multiple changes in brain morphology, with corpus callosum (CC) abnormalities being among the most prominent and frequently reported. Thus, we hypothesized that, in humans, NgR1 may be involved in CC formation. We focused on rs701428, a single nucleotide polymorphism of NgR1, which is associated with schizophrenia. We investigated the effects of the rs701428 genotype on CC structure in 50 healthy participants using magnetic resonance imaging. Polymorphism of rs701428 was associated with CC structural variation in healthy participants; specifically, minor A allele carriers had larger whole CC volumes and lower radial diffusivity in the central CC region compared with major G allele homozygous participants. Furthermore, we showed that the NgR1 3' region, which contains rs701428, is a neuronal activity-dependent enhancer, and that the minor A allele of rs701428 is susceptible to regulation of enhancer activity by MYBL2. Our results suggest that NgR1 can influence the macro- and microstructure of the white matter of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Isobe
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Tanigaki
- Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, Moriyama, Japan
| | - Kazue Muraki
- Shiga Medical Center Research Institute, Moriyama, Japan
| | - Jun Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ariyoshi Takemura
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Genichi Sugihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Aso
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Masaaki Hazama
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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19
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Xu YQ, Sun ZQ, Wang YT, Xiao F, Chen MW. Function of Nogo-A/Nogo-A receptor in Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 21:479-85. [PMID: 25732725 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nogo-A is a protein inhibiting axonal regeneration, which is considered a major obstacle to nerve regeneration after injury in mammals. Rapid progress has been achieved in new physiopathological function of Nogo-A in Alzheimer's disease in the past decade. Recent research shows that through binding to Nogo-A receptor, Nogo-A plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Particularly, Nogo-A/Nogo-A receptors modulate the generation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ), which is thought to be a major cause of AD. This review describes the recent development of Nogo-A, Nogo-A receptor, and downstream signaling involved in AD and pharmacological basis of therapeutic drugs. We concluded the Nogo-A/Nogo-A receptor provide new insight into potential mechanisms and promising therapy strategies in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Zhong-Qing Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Wan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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20
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Lang BT, Wang J, Filous AR, Au NPB, Ma CHE, Shen Y. Pleiotropic molecules in axon regeneration and neuroinflammation. Exp Neurol 2014; 258:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Deng B, Gao F, Liu FF, Zhao XH, Yu CY, Ju G, Xu LX, Wang J. Two monoclonal antibodies recognising aa 634-668 and aa 1026-1055 of NogoA enhance axon extension and branching in cultured neurons. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88554. [PMID: 24533107 PMCID: PMC3922884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we generated two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in mice, aNogoA-N and aNogo-66 mAb, which were raised against recombinant N-terminal fragments of rat NogoA and Nogo-66, respectively. When compared with the commercial rabbit anti-rat NogoA polyclonal antibody (pAb), which can specifically recognise NogoA, the two mAbs were also specific for the NogoA antigen in immunofluorescence histochemical (IHC) staining and Western blot (WB) analysis. Serial truncations of NogoA covering the N-terminal region of NogoA (aa 570–691) and Nogo-66 (aa 1026–1091) were expressed in E. coli. The epitopes recognised by aNogoA-N and aNogo-66 are located in the aa 634–668 and aa 1026–1055 regions of NogoA, respectively. Both mAbs remarkably enhanced the axon growth and branching of cultured hippocampal neurons in vitro. These results suggest that the antibodies that bind to aa 634–668 and aa 1026–1055 of NogoA may have stimulatory effects on axon growth and branching. Additionally, the two mAbs that we generated are specific for NogoA and significantly block NogoA function. In conclusion, two sites in NogoA located within aa 634–668 and aa 1026–1055 are recognised by our two antibodies and are novel and potentially promising targets for repair after central nervous system (CNS) injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Deng
- Institute of Neurosciences, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatological College, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, No. 174 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Xiamen, China
| | - Fang-Fang Liu
- Institute of Neurosciences, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang-Hui Zhao
- Institute of Neurosciences, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cai-Yong Yu
- Institute of Neurosciences, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gong Ju
- Institute of Neurosciences, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Xian Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatological College, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (LXX)
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Neurosciences, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (LXX)
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22
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Martin HC, Kim GE, Pagnamenta AT, Murakami Y, Carvill GL, Meyer E, Copley RR, Rimmer A, Barcia G, Fleming MR, Kronengold J, Brown MR, Hudspith KA, Broxholme J, Kanapin A, Cazier JB, Kinoshita T, Nabbout R, Bentley D, McVean G, Heavin S, Zaiwalla Z, McShane T, Mefford HC, Shears D, Stewart H, Kurian MA, Scheffer IE, Blair E, Donnelly P, Kaczmarek LK, Taylor JC. Clinical whole-genome sequencing in severe early-onset epilepsy reveals new genes and improves molecular diagnosis. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3200-11. [PMID: 24463883 PMCID: PMC4030775 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In severe early-onset epilepsy, precise clinical and molecular genetic diagnosis is complex, as many metabolic and electro-physiological processes have been implicated in disease causation. The clinical phenotypes share many features such as complex seizure types and developmental delay. Molecular diagnosis has historically been confined to sequential testing of candidate genes known to be associated with specific sub-phenotypes, but the diagnostic yield of this approach can be low. We conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on six patients with severe early-onset epilepsy who had previously been refractory to molecular diagnosis, and their parents. Four of these patients had a clinical diagnosis of Ohtahara Syndrome (OS) and two patients had severe non-syndromic early-onset epilepsy (NSEOE). In two OS cases, we found de novo non-synonymous mutations in the genes KCNQ2 and SCN2A. In a third OS case, WGS revealed paternal isodisomy for chromosome 9, leading to identification of the causal homozygous missense variant in KCNT1, which produced a substantial increase in potassium channel current. The fourth OS patient had a recessive mutation in PIGQ that led to exon skipping and defective glycophosphatidyl inositol biosynthesis. The two patients with NSEOE had likely pathogenic de novo mutations in CBL and CSNK1G1, respectively. Mutations in these genes were not found among 500 additional individuals with epilepsy. This work reveals two novel genes for OS, KCNT1 and PIGQ. It also uncovers unexpected genetic mechanisms and emphasizes the power of WGS as a clinical tool for making molecular diagnoses, particularly for highly heterogeneous disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary C Martin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Grace E Kim
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alistair T Pagnamenta
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Department of Immunoregulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gemma L Carvill
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Esther Meyer
- Neurosciences Unit, UCL-Institute of Child Health, London, UK, Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Richard R Copley
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Rimmer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Giulia Barcia
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Centre de Reference Epilepsies Rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Matthew R Fleming
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jack Kronengold
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maile R Brown
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Karl A Hudspith
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - John Broxholme
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander Kanapin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Department of Immunoregulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rima Nabbout
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Centre de Reference Epilepsies Rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Gil McVean
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sinéad Heavin
- Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics, Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zenobia Zaiwalla
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Tony McShane
- Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deborah Shears
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen Stewart
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Neurosciences Unit, UCL-Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics, Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Edward Blair
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Donnelly
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leonard K Kaczmarek
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jenny C Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK,
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23
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Olson L. Combinatory treatments needed for spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2013; 248:309-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Anttila V, Winsvold BS, Gormley P, Kurth T, Bettella F, McMahon G, Kallela M, Malik R, de Vries B, Terwindt G, Medland SE, Todt U, McArdle WL, Quaye L, Koiranen M, Ikram MA, Lehtimäki T, Stam AH, Ligthart L, Wedenoja J, Dunham I, Neale BM, Palta P, Hamalainen E, Schürks M, Rose LM, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Steinberg S, Stefansson H, Jakobsson F, Lawlor DA, Evans DM, Ring SM, Färkkilä M, Artto V, Kaunisto MA, Freilinger T, Schoenen J, Frants RR, Pelzer N, Weller CM, Zielman R, Heath AC, Madden PA, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Borck G, Göbel H, Heinze A, Heinze-Kuhn K, Williams FM, Hartikainen AL, Pouta A, van den Ende J, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Amin N, Hottenga JJ, Vink JM, Heikkilä K, Alexander M, Muller-Myhsok B, Schreiber S, Meitinger T, Wichmann HE, Aromaa A, Eriksson JG, Traynor B, Trabzuni D, Rossin E, Lage K, Jacobs SB, Gibbs JR, Birney E, Kaprio J, Penninx BW, Boomsma DI, van Duijn C, Raitakari O, Jarvelin MR, Zwart JA, Cherkas L, Strachan DP, Kubisch C, Ferrari MD, van den Maagdenberg AM, Dichgans M, Wessman M, Smith GD, Stefansson K, Daly MJ, Nyholt DR, Chasman D, Palotie A. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new susceptibility loci for migraine. Nat Genet 2013; 45:912-917. [PMID: 23793025 PMCID: PMC4041123 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Migraine is the most common brain disorder, affecting approximately 14% of the adult population, but its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. We report the results of a meta-analysis across 29 genome-wide association studies, including a total of 23,285 individuals with migraine (cases) and 95,425 population-matched controls. We identified 12 loci associated with migraine susceptibility (P<5×10(-8)). Five loci are new: near AJAP1 at 1p36, near TSPAN2 at 1p13, within FHL5 at 6q16, within C7orf10 at 7p14 and near MMP16 at 8q21. Three of these loci were identified in disease subgroup analyses. Brain tissue expression quantitative trait locus analysis suggests potential functional candidate genes at four loci: APOA1BP, TBC1D7, FUT9, STAT6 and ATP5B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verneri Anttila
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bendik S. Winsvold
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Padhraig Gormley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tobias Kurth
- INSERM Unit 708 – Neuroepidemiology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - George McMahon
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mikko Kallela
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Boukje de Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gisela Terwindt
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Unda Todt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wendy L. McArdle
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lydia Quaye
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Markku Koiranen
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anine H. Stam
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lannie Ligthart
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juho Wedenoja
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ian Dunham
- European Bioinformatics Insitute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin M. Neale
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Priit Palta
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Hamalainen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Schürks
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lynda M Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Julie E. Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | - Finnbogi Jakobsson
- Department of Neurology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Debbie A. Lawlor
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David M. Evans
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Susan M. Ring
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Markus Färkkilä
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Artto
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari A Kaunisto
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tobias Freilinger
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jean Schoenen
- Headache Research Unit, Department of Neurology and Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-Neurosciences, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Rune R. Frants
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine Pelzer
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia M. Weller
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Zielman
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Pamela A.F. Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Guntram Borck
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Axel Heinze
- Kiel Pain and Headache Center, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Frances M.K. Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anneli Pouta
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joyce van den Ende
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Albert Hofman
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Najaf Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M. Vink
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kauko Heikkilä
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bertram Muller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Heinz Erich Wichmann
- Institut für Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology I, HelmholtzCenter Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Arpo Aromaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bryan Traynor
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniah Trabzuni
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Rossin
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kasper Lage
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suzanne B.R. Jacobs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J. Raphael Gibbs
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ewan Birney
- European Bioinformatics Insitute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brenda W. Penninx
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lynn Cherkas
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - David P. Strachan
- Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Michel D. Ferrari
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arn M.J.M. van den Maagdenberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Maija Wessman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Mark J. Daly
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dale R. Nyholt
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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WANG YONGXIANG, GU JIAXIANG, FENG XINMIN, WANG HUA, TAO YUPING, WANG JINGCHENG. Effects of Nogo-A receptor antagonist on the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway and neural cell proliferation in newborn rats with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:883-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Charalambous P, Wang X, Thanos S, Schober A, Unsicker K. Regulation and effects of GDF-15 in the retina following optic nerve crush. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 353:1-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Zhao CF, Liu Y, Que HP, Yang SG, Liu ZQ, Weng XC, Hui HD, Liu SJ. SCIRR39 Promotes Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells and Regulates Expression of Myelin-Associated Inhibitory Factors. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 50:533-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-9983-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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