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Teng Y, Yang H, Tian Y. The Development and Application of Tritium-Labeled Compounds in Biomedical Research. Molecules 2024; 29:4109. [PMID: 39274956 PMCID: PMC11397416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
With low background radiation, tritiate compounds exclusively emit intense beta particles without structural changes. This makes them a useful tool in the drug discovery arsenal. Thanks to the recent rapid progress in tritium chemistry, the preparation and analysis of tritium-labeled compounds are now much easier, simpler, and cheaper. Pharmacokinetics, autoradiography, and protein binding studies have been much more efficient with the employment of tritium-labeled compounds. This review provides a comprehensive overview of tritium-labeled compounds regarding their properties, synthesis strategies, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yulin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
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2
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Terranova ML. Physiological Roles of Eumelanin- and Melanogenesis-Associated Diseases: A Look at the Potentialities of Engineered and Microbial Eumelanin in Clinical Practice. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:756. [PMID: 39199714 PMCID: PMC11351163 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to highlight the physiological actions exerted by eumelanin present in several organs/tissues of the human body and to rationalise the often conflicting functional roles played by this biopolymer on the basis of its peculiar properties. Besides pigmentary disorders, a growing number of organ injuries and degenerative pathologies are presently ascribed to the modification of physiological eumelanin levels in terms of alterations in its chemical/structural features, and of a partial loss or uneven distribution of the pigment. The present review analyses the more recent research dedicated to the physiological and pathological actions of eumelanin and provides an insight into some melanogenesis-associated diseases of the skin, eye, ear, and brain, including the most significant neurodegenerative disorders. Also described are the potentialities of therapies based on the localised supply of exogeneous EU and the opportunities that EU produced via synthetic biology offers in order to redesign therapeutical and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Terranova
- Dip.to di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 00133 Roma, Italy
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3
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Islam MM, Rahman MF, Islam A, Afroz MS, Mamun MA, Rahman MM, Maniruzzaman M, Xu L, Sakamoto T, Takahashi Y, Sato T, Kahyo T, Setou M. Elucidating Gender-Specific Distribution of Imipramine, Chloroquine, and Their Metabolites in Mice Kidney Tissues through AP-MALDI-MSI. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4840. [PMID: 38732055 PMCID: PMC11084644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of gender-specific drug distributions in different organs are of great importance for personalized medicine and reducing toxicity. However, such drug distributions have not been well studied. In this study, we investigated potential differences in the distribution of imipramine and chloroquine, as well as their metabolites, between male and female kidneys. Kidneys were collected from mice treated with imipramine or chloroquine and then subjected to atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (AP-MALDI-MSI). We observed differential distributions of the drugs and their metabolites between male and female kidneys. Imipramine showed prominent distributions in the cortex and medulla in male and female kidneys, respectively. Desipramine, one of the metabolites of imipramine, showed significantly higher (*** p < 0.001) distributions in the medulla of the male kidney compared to that of the female kidney. Chloroquine and its metabolites were accumulated in the pelvis of both male and female kidneys. Interestingly, they showed a characteristic distribution in the medulla of the female kidney, while almost no distributions were observed in the same areas of the male kidney. For the first time, our study revealed that the distributions of imipramine, chloroquine, and their metabolites were different in male and female kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Monirul Islam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-Ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (M.M.I.); (M.F.R.); (A.I.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.M.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
- Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Md Foyzur Rahman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-Ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (M.M.I.); (M.F.R.); (A.I.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.M.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Ariful Islam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-Ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (M.M.I.); (M.F.R.); (A.I.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.M.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
- Preppers Co., Ltd., Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mst. Sayela Afroz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-Ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (M.M.I.); (M.F.R.); (A.I.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.M.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Md. Al Mamun
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-Ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (M.M.I.); (M.F.R.); (A.I.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.M.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
- Preppers Co., Ltd., Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Md. Muedur Rahman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-Ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (M.M.I.); (M.F.R.); (A.I.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.M.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
- Preppers Co., Ltd., Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Md Maniruzzaman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-Ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (M.M.I.); (M.F.R.); (A.I.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.M.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-Ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (M.M.I.); (M.F.R.); (A.I.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.M.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Takumi Sakamoto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-Ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (M.M.I.); (M.F.R.); (A.I.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.M.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
- Preppers Co., Ltd., Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takahashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-Ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (M.M.I.); (M.F.R.); (A.I.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.M.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
- Preppers Co., Ltd., Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-Ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohito Sato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-Ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (M.M.I.); (M.F.R.); (A.I.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.M.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-Ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-Ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (M.M.I.); (M.F.R.); (A.I.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.M.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-Ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-Ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan; (M.M.I.); (M.F.R.); (A.I.); (M.S.A.); (M.A.M.); (T.S.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (T.K.)
- Preppers Co., Ltd., Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-Ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-Ku, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Shizuoka, Japan
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Li X, He Y, Li W, Peng Y, Zheng J. Recent Advances in Mass Spectrometry-Based Spatially Resolved Molecular Imaging of Drug Disposition and Metabolomics. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1273-1283. [PMID: 37295949 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometric imaging is a nontargeted, tag-free, high-throughput, and highly responsive analytical approach. The highly accurate molecular visualization detection technology enables qualitative and quantitative analyses of biologic tissues or cells scanned by mass spectrometry in situ, extracting known and unknown multiple compounds, and simultaneously assessing relative contents of targeting molecules by monitoring their molecular ions and pinpointing the spatial locations of those molecules distributed. Five mass spectrometric imaging techniques and their characteristics are introduced in the review, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry, desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The mass spectrometry-based techniques provide the possibility for spatial metabolomics with the capability of high throughput and precision detection. The approaches have been widely employed to spatially image not only metabolome of endogenous amino acids, peptides, proteins, neurotransmitters, and lipids but also the disposition of exogenous chemicals, such as pharmaceutical agents, environmental pollutants, toxicants, natural products, and heavy metals. The techniques also provide us with spatial distribution imaging of analytes in single cells, tissue microregions, organs, and whole animals. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The review article includes an overview of five commonly used mass spectrometers for spatial imaging and describes the advantages and disadvantages of each. Examples of the technology applications cover drug disposition, diseases, and omics. Technical aspects of relative and absolute quantification by mass spectrometric imaging and challenges for future new applications are discussed as well. The reviewed knowledge may benefit the development of new drugs and provide a better understanding of biochemical processes related to physiology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
| | - Ximei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
| | - Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
| | - Jiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C., Y.L., X.L., Y.H., W.L.); Division of Pain Management, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China (Y.C.); and Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China (Y.P., J.Z.)
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5
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Cohen A, Legouffe R, Mao J, Gaudin M, Bonnel D. MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Semi-Quantification of Topically Delivered Lactic Acid. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13485. [PMID: 37881041 PMCID: PMC10579629 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactic acid is a common active ingredient in many topical skincare products; however, measuring its delivery into the skin is challenging due to the presence of a large level of endogenous lactic acid. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was used to quantitatively and qualitatively measure the delivery of lactic acid into the skin from a range of topical skincare products. MATERIALS AND METHODS Porcine skin samples were treated with various skincare products containing lactic acid. After 24 h, skin samples were sectioned and treated via H&E staining or prepared for MALDI-MSI using chemical derivatization. Samples were then analyzed by MALDI-MSI imaging to obtain lactic acid distribution in the entire skin section. RESULTS Due to the high level of endogenous lactic acid in the skin, a "triple isotope" of lactic acid (L-Lactic acid-13 C3 ), was needed to provide full resolution from the skin's background signal with MALDI-MSI. With this approach, the topically delivered lactic acid could be quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed from a variety of skincare products. CONCLUSIONS The combination of L-Lactic acid-13 C3 and MALDI-MSI was successfully used to quantitatively and qualitatively measure the topical delivery of lactic acid from a variety of skincare products. This approach could be used in future work to better understand the mode of action of lactic acid as an active ingredient in skincare products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Cohen
- Personal Care Department of the Colgate‐Palmolive CompanyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | | | - Junhong Mao
- Personal Care Department of the Colgate‐Palmolive CompanyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
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Shi J, Bera K, Mukherjee P, Alex A, Chaney EJ, Spencer-Dene B, Majer J, Marjanovic M, Spillman DR, Hood SR, Boppart SA. Weakly Supervised Identification and Localization of Drug Fingerprints Based on Label-Free Hyperspectral CARS Microscopy. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37450658 PMCID: PMC10372874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding drug fingerprints in complex biological samples is essential for the development of a drug. Hyperspectral coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (HS-CARS) microscopy, a label-free nondestructive chemical imaging technique, can profile biological samples based on their endogenous vibrational contrast. Here, we propose a deep learning-assisted HS-CARS imaging approach for the investigation of drug fingerprints and their localization at single-cell resolution. To identify and localize drug fingerprints in complex biological systems, an attention-based deep neural network, hyperspectral attention net (HAN), was developed. By formulating the task to a multiple instance learning problem, HAN highlights informative regions through the attention mechanism when being trained on whole-image labels. Using the proposed technique, we investigated the drug fingerprints of a hepatitis B virus therapy in murine liver tissues. With the increase in drug dosage, higher classification accuracy was observed, with an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.942 for the high-dose group. Besides, highly informative tissue structures predicted by HAN demonstrated a high degree of similarity with the drug localization shown by the in situ hybridization staining results. These results demonstrate the potential of the proposed deep learning-assisted optical imaging technique for the label-free profiling, identification, and localization of drug fingerprints in biological samples, which can be extended to nonperturbative investigations of complex biological systems under various biological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindou Shi
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kajari Bera
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Prabuddha Mukherjee
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Aneesh Alex
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- In vitro/In vivo Translation, Research, GSK, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Eric J Chaney
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | | | - Jan Majer
- In vitro/In vivo Translation, Research, GSK, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Darold R Spillman
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Steve R Hood
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- In vitro/In vivo Translation, Research, GSK, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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7
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Ghiglieri A, Messina M, Cenacchi V, Piutti C, Cinato F, Brogin G, Puccini P. ADME properties of CHF6366, a novel bi-functional M3-Muscarinic receptor antagonist and ß-2 adrenoceptor agonist (MABA) radiolabeled at both functional moieties. Xenobiotica 2023:1-59. [PMID: 37376730 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2230490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
CHF6366, a dual action β2-receptor agonist and M3-muscarinic receptor antagonist developed for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), was [14C]-radiolabeled on the two different functional moieties of the molecule (either aminobutanolic or carbamate) to characterize its ADME profile following intravenous (IV), intratracheal (IT) and oral (PO) administration.A very low oral bioavailability and a good balance between absorption and lung retention after IT administration were observed, together with a rapid distribution throughout the body and a complete metabolic transformation of the parent drug without relevant gender difference.CHF6366 was observed fully hydrolyzed to alcohol (CHF6387) and carboxylic acid (CHF6361) in plasma and urine after IV and IT administration, and mainly unchanged in feces only after oral administration. An important number of metabolites containing aminobutanolic moiety was excreted via urine, whereas carbamate-containing derivatives were excreted mainly by bile.The major metabolic routes of the alcoholic moiety (CHF6387) included isomerization (Ma7), conjugation with glucuronic acid and dehydrogenation, while the carboxylic acid moiety (CHF6361) was mainly metabolized through oxidation, glucuronide conjugation and, in both pathways, combinations of those metabolic reactions.No major differences arose also from in vitro metabolism profiles investigated using liver microsomes and hepatocytes of different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghiglieri
- Accelera Srl, viale Pasteur 10, 20014 Nerviano, Milano (Italy)
| | - M Messina
- Accelera Srl, viale Pasteur 10, 20014 Nerviano, Milano (Italy)
| | - V Cenacchi
- Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Largo Belloli 11/a - 43122 Parma (Italy)
| | - C Piutti
- Accelera Srl, viale Pasteur 10, 20014 Nerviano, Milano (Italy)
| | - F Cinato
- Accelera Srl, viale Pasteur 10, 20014 Nerviano, Milano (Italy)
| | - G Brogin
- Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Largo Belloli 11/a - 43122 Parma (Italy)
| | - P Puccini
- Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Largo Belloli 11/a - 43122 Parma (Italy)
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Nakahashi-Ouchida R, Fujihashi K, Kurashima Y, Yuki Y, Kiyono H. Nasal vaccines: solutions for respiratory infectious diseases. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:124-140. [PMID: 36435633 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nasal vaccines induce pathogen-specific dual protective immunity at mucosal surfaces and systemically throughout the body. Consequently, nasal vaccines both prevent pathogen invasion and reduce disease severity. Because of these features, nasal vaccines are considered to be a next-generation tool for preventing respiratory infectious diseases, including COVID-19. However, nasal vaccines must overcome key safety concerns given the anatomic proximity of the central nervous system (CNS) via the olfactory bulbs which lie next to the nasal cavity. This review summarizes current efforts to develop safe and effective nasal vaccines and delivery systems, as well as their clinical applications for the prevention of respiratory infections. We also discuss various concerns regarding the safety of nasal vaccines and introduce a system for evaluating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Nakahashi-Ouchida
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan; Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Future Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development Synergy Institute, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Fujihashi
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan; Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Future Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development Synergy Institute, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yosuke Kurashima
- Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Future Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development Synergy Institute, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Division of Mucosal Vaccines, International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Chiba University-University of California San Diego (CU-UCSD) Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (cMAV), Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Yuki
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan; HanaVax Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Department of Human Mucosal Vaccinology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan; Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Future Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development Synergy Institute, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Chiba University-University of California San Diego (CU-UCSD) Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (cMAV), Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Future Medicine Education and Research Organization, Mucosal Immunology and Allergy Therapeutics, Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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9
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Freidel L, Li S, Choffart A, Kuebler L, Martins AF. Imaging Techniques in Pharmacological Precision Medicine. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 280:213-235. [PMID: 36907970 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical imaging is a powerful tool for medical diagnostics and personalized medicines. Examples of commonly used imaging modalities include Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Ultrasound (US), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), and hybrid imaging. By combining these modalities, scientists can gain a comprehensive view and better understand physiology and pathology at the preclinical, clinical, and multiscale levels. This can aid in the accuracy of medical diagnoses and treatment decisions. Moreover, biomedical imaging allows for evaluating the metabolic, functional, and structural details of living tissues. This can be particularly useful for the early diagnosis of diseases such as cancer and for the application of personalized medicines. In the case of hybrid imaging, two or more modalities are combined to produce a high-resolution image with enhanced sensitivity and specificity. This can significantly improve the accuracy of diagnosis and offer more detailed treatment plans. In this book chapter, we showcase how continued advancements in biomedical imaging technology can potentially revolutionize medical diagnostics and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Freidel
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sixing Li
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anais Choffart
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura Kuebler
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - André F Martins
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Man F, Tang J, Swedrowska M, Forbes B, T M de Rosales R. Imaging drug delivery to the lungs: Methods and applications in oncology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114641. [PMID: 36509173 PMCID: PMC10227194 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Direct delivery to the lung via inhalation is arguably one of the most logical approaches to treat lung cancer using drugs. However, despite significant efforts and investment in this area, this strategy has not progressed in clinical trials. Imaging drug delivery is a powerful tool to understand and develop novel drug delivery strategies. In this review we focus on imaging studies of drug delivery by the inhalation route, to provide a broad overview of the field to date and attempt to better understand the complexities of this route of administration and the significant barriers that it faces, as well as its advantages. We start with a discussion of the specific challenges for drug delivery to the lung via inhalation. We focus on the barriers that have prevented progress of this approach in oncology, as well as the most recent developments in this area. This is followed by a comprehensive overview of the different imaging modalities that are relevant to lung drug delivery, including nuclear imaging, X-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging and mass spectrometry imaging. For each of these modalities, examples from the literature where these techniques have been explored are provided. Finally the different applications of these technologies in oncology are discussed, focusing separately on small molecules and nanomedicines. We hope that this comprehensive review will be informative to the field and will guide the future preclinical and clinical development of this promising drug delivery strategy to maximise its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Man
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Magda Swedrowska
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Forbes
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael T M de Rosales
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
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11
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Mass spectrometry imaging of diclofenac and its metabolites in tissues using nanospray desorption electrospray ionization. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1233:340490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Spruill ML, Maletic-Savatic M, Martin H, Li F, Liu X. Spatial analysis of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and toxicology using mass spectrometry imaging. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115080. [PMID: 35561842 PMCID: PMC9744413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is emerging as a powerful analytical tool for detection, quantification, and simultaneous spatial molecular imaging of endogenous and exogenous molecules via in situ mass spectrometry analysis of thin tissue sections without the requirement of chemical labeling. The MSI generates chemically specific and spatially resolved ion distribution information for administered drugs and metabolites, which allows numerous applications for studies involving various stages of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET). MSI-based pharmacokinetic imaging analysis provides a histological context and cellular environment regarding dynamic drug distribution and metabolism processes, and facilitates the understanding of the spatial pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs. Herein, we discuss the MSI's current technological developments that offer qualitative, quantitative, and spatial location information of small molecule drugs, antibody, and oligonucleotides macromolecule drugs, and their metabolites in preclinical and clinical tissue specimens. We highlight the macro and micro drug-distribution in the whole-body, brain, lung, liver, kidney, stomach, intestine tissue sections, organoids, and the latest applications of MSI in pharmaceutical ADMET studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Spruill
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Mirjana Maletic-Savatic
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Feng Li
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; NMR and Drug Metabolism Core, Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Xinli Liu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
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13
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Jeffers CD, Lawhn-Heath C, Butterfield RI, Hoffman JM, Scott PJH. SNMMI Clinical Trials Network Research Series for Technologists: Clinical Research Primer- Use of Imaging Agents in Therapeutic Drug Development and Approval. J Nucl Med Technol 2022; 50:jnmt.122.264372. [PMID: 35701219 DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.122.264372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of bringing a new drug to market is complex and has recently necessitated a new drug discovery paradigm for the pharmaceutical industry that is both more efficient and more economical. Key to this has been the increasing use of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging to support drug discovery efforts by answering critical questions on the pathway for development and approval of a new therapeutic drug. Some of these questions include: (i) Does the new drug reach its intended target in the body at sufficient levels to effectively treat or diagnose disease without unacceptable toxicity? (ii) How is the drug absorbed, metabolized, and excreted? (iii) What is the effective dose in humans? To conduct the appropriate imaging studies to answer such questions, pharmaceutical companies are increasingly partnering with molecular imaging departments. Nuclear medicine technologists are critical to this process as they perform scans to collect the qualitative and quantitative imaging data used to measure study endpoints. This article describes preclinical and clinical research trials and provides an overview of the different ways that radiopharmaceuticals are used to answer critical questions during therapeutic drug development.
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14
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Vervaeke P, Borgos SE, Sanders NN, Combes F. Regulatory guidelines and preclinical tools to study the biodistribution of RNA therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114236. [PMID: 35351470 PMCID: PMC8957368 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The success of the messenger RNA-based COVID-19 vaccines of Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech marks the beginning of a new chapter in modern medicine. However, the rapid rise of mRNA therapeutics has resulted in a regulatory framework that is somewhat lagging. The current guidelines either do not apply, do not mention RNA therapeutics, or do not have widely accepted definitions. This review describes the guidelines for preclinical biodistribution studies of mRNA/siRNA therapeutics and highlights the relevant differences for mRNA vaccines. We also discuss the role of in vivo RNA imaging techniques and other assays to fulfill and/or complement the regulatory requirements. Specifically, quantitative whole-body autoradiography, microautoradiography, mass spectrometry-based assays, hybridization techniques (FISH, bDNA), PCR-based methods, in vivo fluorescence imaging, and in vivo bioluminescence imaging, are discussed. We conclude that this new and rapidly evolving class of medicines demands a multi-layered approach to fully understand its biodistribution and in vivo characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vervaeke
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S E Borgos
- SINTEF Industry, Dept. of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Research Group Mass Spectrometry, Sem Sælands v. 2A, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - N N Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - F Combes
- SINTEF Industry, Dept. of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Research Group Mass Spectrometry, Sem Sælands v. 2A, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway.
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15
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Vermeulen I, Isin EM, Barton P, Cillero-Pastor B, Heeren RM. Multimodal molecular imaging in drug discovery and development. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2086-2099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Chen B, Vavrek M, Cancilla MT, Kertesz V. Development and Application of DropletProbe Mass Spectrometry for Examining Biodistribution of Therapeutics. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2437:171-180. [PMID: 34902148 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2030-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
dropletProbe mass spectrometry is a novel technique for molecular characterization of surfaces. It can be used for rapid ex vivo analysis of therapeutics from thin animal tissue sections and has been shown to improve understanding of a drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties. Here, we describe the tissue distribution analysis of diclofenac from a dosed whole-body mouse thin tissue section using a dropletProbe mass spectrometry system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingming Chen
- Department of Preclinical Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
| | - Marissa Vavrek
- Department of Preclinical Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Mark T Cancilla
- Department of Preclinical Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Vilmos Kertesz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
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17
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Pánczél J, Schudok M, Schiell M, Riedel J, Kertesz V. An Effective QWBA/UHPLC-MS/Tissue Punch Approach: Solving a Pharmacokinetic Issue via Quantitative Met-ID. Drug Metab Lett 2021; 14:152-162. [PMID: 34818998 DOI: 10.2174/1872312814666210813114700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methods to provide absolute quantitation of the administered drug and corresponding metabolites in tissue in a spatially resolved manner is a challenging but much needed capability in pharmaceutical research. Quantitative Whole-Body Autoradiography (QWBA) after a single- dose intravenous (3 mg/kg) and extravascular (30 mg/kg) administrations of an in vitro metabolically stable test compound (structure not reported here) indicated quick tissue distribution and excretion. OBJECTIVE Good bioavailability and short in vivo half-lives were determined formerly for the same test compound. For closing gaps in the understanding of pharmacokinetic data and in vitro results, radioactive hot spots on whole-body tissue sections had been profiled. METHODS Punches from selected tissue regions containing high radioactivity in the tissue sections previously analyzed by QWBA were extracted by a highly organic solvent and analyzed without any consecutive sample preparation step, applying Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) and off-line radioanalysis to maximize signal levels for metabolite identification and profiling. RESULTS The analysis revealed that the test compound was metabolized intensively by phase I reactions in vivo and the metabolites formed were excreted in bile and urine. The predominant metabolites showed abundant signal intensities both by MS and by radioanalysis but the MS signal intensities generally underestimated the real abundances of metabolites relative to the unchanged drug. CONCLUSION This work illustrates that maximizing the sensitivity of tissue punch radioanalysis and the combination with UHPLC-MS leads to a better insight into pharmacokinetic processes by providing quantitative data with high molecular selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Pánczél
- Research and Development, DMPK, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Manfred Schudok
- Research and Development, DMPK, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Schiell
- Research and Development, DMPK, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jens Riedel
- Research and Development, DMPK, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Vilmos Kertesz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Biological Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN 37831, United States
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18
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Guo R, Zhou L, Chen X. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) source coupling ion mobility mass spectrometry for imaging fluoropezil (DC20) distribution in rat brain. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5835-5847. [PMID: 34405263 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03563-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fluoropezil (DC20) is a new selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and it was developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease patients. In this study, a desorption electrospray ionization source coupling ion mobility mass spectrometry imaging (DESI/IMS-MSI) method was developed to explore the distribution of DC20 in brain tissue following oral administration. Rat brain coronal slices obtained 1 h and 3 h following drug dosing were used in the study. D6-DC20 was used as internal standard and sprayed by matrix sprayer on the brain slices to calibrate the matrix effect. Ion mobility separation was used to reduce the interference from background noise and the biological matrix. By optimizing DESI-MSI parameters for improved sensitivity, the limit of quantitation of the method was 1.45 pg/mm2 with a linear range from 1.45 to 72.7 pg/mm2. DESI-MSI data showed that DC20 could quickly enter and diffuse across whole brain and tended to be much more enriched in striatum than cerebral cortex and hippocampus, which was consistent with quantitative analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry to measure DC20 concentration in each homogenized brain sub-region. The workflow of tissue imaging method optimization and strategy were established, and for the first time, the DESI-MSI technique and optimized method were used to explore the distribution characteristics of DC20 in rat brain, which could help elucidate pharmacological effect mechanisms and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runcong Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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Kertesz V, Cahill JF. Spatially resolved absolute quantitation in thin tissue by mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2619-2636. [PMID: 33140126 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become the de facto tool for routine quantitative analysis of biomolecules. MS is increasingly being used to reveal the spatial distribution of proteins, metabolites, and pharmaceuticals in tissue and interest in this area has led to a number of novel spatially resolved MS technologies. Most spatially resolved MS measurements are qualitative in nature due to a myriad of potential biases, such as sample heterogeneity, sampling artifacts, and ionization effects. As applications of spatially resolved MS in the pharmacological and clinical fields increase, demand has become high for quantitative MS imaging and profiling data. As a result, several varied technologies now exist that provide differing levels of spatial and quantitative information. This review provides an overview of MS profiling and imaging technologies that have demonstrated quantitative analysis from tissue. Focus is given on the fundamental processes affecting quantitative analysis in an array of MS imaging and profiling technologies and methods to address these biases.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kertesz
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA.
| | - John F Cahill
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6131, USA.
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20
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Is Hypoxia a Factor Influencing PSMA-Directed Radioligand Therapy?-An In Silico Study on the Role of Chronic Hypoxia in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143429. [PMID: 34298642 PMCID: PMC8307065 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor hypoxia is considered a critical factor associated with the resistance of conventional radiotherapy, where the X-ray-induced free radicals lead to DNA damage in a manner that is strongly dependent on the tissue oxygenation. The emerging PSMA-directed radioligand therapy (RLT) employs the α or β particles emitted by the radiopharmaceuticals to kill the tumor cells. In contrast to conventional therapy, the induced DNA damage is less dependent on the oxygenation status. Less attention has been paid to investigating whether tumor hypoxia will influence the efficacy of PSMA-directed RLT. We propose a histology-driven in silico model to quantitatively investigate the influence of tumor hypoxia on the treatment outcome for PSMA-directed RLT with 177Lu and 225Ac. Our finding suggests that hypoxia is a factor to be considered for the application of PSMA-directed RLT. Abstract Radioligand therapy (RLT) targeting prostate specific-membrane antigen (PSMA) is an emerging treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). It administrates 225Ac- or 177Lu-labeled ligands for the targeted killing of tumor cells. Differently from X- or γ-ray, for the emitted α or β particles the ionization of the DNA molecule is less dependent on the tissue oxygenation status. Furthermore, the diffusion range of electrons in a tumor is much larger than the volume typically spanned by hypoxic regions. Therefore, hypoxia is less investigated as an influential factor for PSMA-directed RLT, in particular with β emitters. This study proposes an in silico approach to theoretically investigate the influence of tumor hypoxia on the PSMA-directed RLT. Based on mice histology images, the distribution of the radiopharmaceuticals was simulated with an in silico PBPK-based convection–reaction–diffusion model. Three anti-CD31 immunohistochemistry slices were used to simulate the tumor microenvironment. Ten regions of interest with varying hypoxia severity were analyzed. A kernel-based method was developed for dose calculation. The cell survival probability was calculated according to the linear-quadratic model. The statistical analysis performed on all the regions of interest (ROIs) shows more heterogeneous dose distributions obtained with 225Ac compared to 177Lu. The higher homogeneity of 177Lu-PSMA-ligand treatment is due to the larger range covered by the emitted β particles. The dose-to-tissue histogram (DTH) metric shows that in poorly vascularized ROIs only 10% of radiobiological hypoxic tissue receives the target dose using 177Lu-PSMA-ligand treatment. This percentage drops down to 5% using 225Ac. In highly vascularized ROIs, the percentage of hypoxic tissue receiving the target dose increases to more than 85% and 65% for the 177Lu and 225Ac-PSMA-ligands, respectively. The in silico study demonstrated that the reduced vascularization of the tumor strongly influences the dose delivered by PSMA-directed RLT, especially in hypoxic regions and consequently the treatment outcome.
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21
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Tian M, He X, Jin C, He X, Wu S, Zhou R, Zhang X, Zhang K, Gu W, Wang J, Zhang H. Transpathology: molecular imaging-based pathology. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:2338-2350. [PMID: 33585964 PMCID: PMC8241651 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pathology is the medical specialty concerned with the study of the disease nature and causes, playing a key role in bridging basic researches and clinical medicine. In the course of development, pathology has significantly expanded our understanding of disease, and exerted enormous impact on the management of patients. However, challenges facing pathology, the inherent invasiveness of pathological practice and the persistent concerns on the sample representativeness, constitute its limitations. Molecular imaging is a noninvasive technique to visualize, characterize, and measure biological processes at the molecular level in living subjects. With the continuous development of equipment and probes, molecular imaging has enabled an increasingly precise evaluation of pathophysiological changes. A new pathophysiology visualization system based on molecular imaging is forming and shows the great potential to reform the pathological practice. Several improvements in "trans-," including trans-scale, transparency, and translation, would be driven by this new kind of pathological practice. Pathological changes could be evaluated in a trans-scale imaging mode; tissues could be transparentized to better present the underlying pathophysiological information; and the translational processes of basic research to the clinical practice would be better facilitated. Thus, transpathology would greatly facilitate in deciphering the pathophysiological events in a multiscale perspective, and supporting the precision medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xuexin He
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chentao Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Weizhong Gu
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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22
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Costa IM, Cheng J, Osytek KM, Imberti C, Terry SYA. Methods and techniques for in vitro subcellular localization of radiopharmaceuticals and radionuclides. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 98-99:18-29. [PMID: 33964707 PMCID: PMC7610823 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In oncology, the holy grail of radiotherapy is specific radiation dose deposition in tumours with minimal healthy tissue toxicity. If used appropriately, injectable, systemic radionuclide therapies could meet these criteria, even for treatment of micrometastases and single circulating tumour cells. The clinical use of α and β- particle-emitting molecular radionuclide therapies is rising, however clinical translation of Auger electron-emitting radionuclides is hampered by uncertainty around their exact subcellular localisation, which in turn affects the accuracy of dosimetry. This review aims to discuss and compare the advantages and disadvantages of various subcellular localisation methods available to localise radiopharmaceuticals and radionuclides for in vitro investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines M Costa
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan Cheng
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna M Osytek
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Imberti
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Samantha Y A Terry
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
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23
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Kouhi A, Pachipulusu V, Kapenstein T, Hu P, Epstein AL, Khawli LA. Brain Disposition of Antibody-Based Therapeutics: Dogma, Approaches and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126442. [PMID: 34208575 PMCID: PMC8235515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their high specificity, monoclonal antibodies have been widely investigated for their application in drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) for the treatment of neurological diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease. Research in the past few decades has revealed that one of the biggest challenges in the development of antibodies for drug delivery to the CNS is the presence of blood–brain barrier (BBB), which acts to restrict drug delivery and contributes to the limited uptake (0.1–0.2% of injected dose) of circulating antibodies into the brain. This article reviews the various methods currently used for antibody delivery to the CNS at the preclinical stage of development and the underlying mechanisms of BBB penetration. It also describes efforts to improve or modulate the physicochemical and biochemical properties of antibodies (e.g., charge, Fc receptor binding affinity, and target affinity), to adapt their pharmacokinetics (PK), and to influence their distribution and disposition into the brain. Finally, a distinction is made between approaches that seek to modify BBB permeability and those that use a physiological approach or antibody engineering to increase uptake in the CNS. Although there are currently inherent difficulties in developing safe and efficacious antibodies that will cross the BBB, the future prospects of brain-targeted delivery of antibody-based agents are believed to be excellent.
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24
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Kertesz V, Cahill JF, Srijanto BR, Collier CP, Vavrek M, Chen B. Absolute quantitation of propranolol from 200-μm regions of mouse brain and liver thin tissues using laser ablation-dropletProbe-mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9010. [PMID: 33232548 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The ability to quantify drugs and metabolites in tissue with sub-mm resolution is a challenging but much needed capability in pharmaceutical research. To fill this void, a novel surface sampling approach combining laser ablation with the commercial dropletProbe automated liquid surface sampling system (LA-dropletProbe) was developed and is presented here. METHODS Parylene C-coated 200 × 200 μm tissue regions of mouse brain and kidney thin tissue sections were analyzed for propranolol by laser ablation of tissue directly into a preformed liquid junction. Propranolol was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) in positive electrospray ionization mode. Quantitation was achieved via application of a stable-isotope-labeled internal standard and an external calibration curve. RESULTS The absolute concentrations of propranolol determined from 200 × 200 μm tissue regions were compared with the propranolol concentrations obtained from 2.3-mm-diameter tissue punches of adjacent, non-coated sections using standard bulk tissue extraction protocols followed by regular HPLC/MS/MS analysis. The average concentration of propranolol in both organs determined by the two employed methods agreed to within ±12%. Furthermore, the relative abundances of phase II hydroxypropranolol glucuronide metabolites were recorded and found to be consistent with previous results. CONCLUSIONS This work illustrates that depositing a thin layer of parylene C onto thin tissue prior to analysis, which seals the surface and prevents direct liquid extraction of the drug from the tissue, coupled to the novel LA-dropletProbe surface sampling system is a viable approach for sub-mm resolution quantitative drug distribution analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kertesz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - John F Cahill
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Bernadeta R Srijanto
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Charles P Collier
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Marissa Vavrek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Bingming Chen
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc, 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
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25
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Kertesz V, Cahill JF, Srijanto BR, Collier CP, Vavrek M, Chen B. Integrated laser ablation-dropletProbe-mass spectrometry for absolute drug quantitation, metabolite detection, and distribution in tissue. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9202. [PMID: 34545636 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Spatially resolved and accurate quantitation of drug-related compounds in tissue is a much-needed capability in drug discovery research. Here, application of an integrated laser ablation-dropletProbe-mass spectrometry surface sampling system (LADP-MS) is reported, which achieved absolute quantitation of propranolol measured from <500 × 500 μm thin tissue samples. METHODS Mouse liver and kidney thin tissue sections were coated with parylene C and analyzed for propranolol by a laser ablation/liquid extraction workflow. Non-coated adjacent sections were microdissected for validation and processed using standard bulk tissue extraction protocols. High-performance liquid chromatography with positive ion mode electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was applied to detect the drug and its metabolites. RESULTS Absolute propranolol concentration in ~500 × 500 μm tissue regions measured by the two methods agreed within ±8% and had a relative standard deviation within ±17%. Quantitation down to ~400 × 400 μm tissue regions was shown, and this resolution was also used for automated mapping of propranolol and phase II hydroxypropranolol glucuronide metabolites in kidney tissue. CONCLUSIONS This study exemplifies the capabilities of integrated laser ablation-dropletProbe-mass spectrometry (LADP-MS) for high resolution absolute drug quantitation analysis of thin tissue sections. This capability will be valuable for applications needing to quantitatively understand the spatial distribution of small molecules in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilmos Kertesz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - John F Cahill
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bernadeta R Srijanto
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles P Collier
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marissa Vavrek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bingming Chen
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
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26
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Lu G, Nishio N, van den Berg NS, Martin BA, Fakurnejad S, van Keulen S, Colevas AD, Thurber GM, Rosenthal EL. Co-administered antibody improves penetration of antibody-dye conjugate into human cancers with implications for antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5667. [PMID: 33168818 PMCID: PMC7652891 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor tissue penetration remains a major challenge for antibody-based therapeutics of solid tumors, but proper dosing can improve the tissue penetration and thus therapeutic efficacy of these biologics. Due to dose-limiting toxicity of the small molecule payload, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are administered at a much lower dose than their parent antibodies, which further reduces tissue penetration. We conducted an early-phase clinical trial (NCT02415881) and previously reported the safety of an antibody-dye conjugate (panitumumab-IRDye800CW) as primary outcome. Here, we report a retrospective exploratory analysis of the trial to evaluate whether co-administration of an unconjugated antibody could improve the intratumoral distribution of the antibody-dye conjugate in patients. By measuring the multiscale distribution of the antibody-dye conjugate, this study demonstrates improved microscopic antibody distribution without increasing uptake (toxicity) in healthy tissue when co-administered with the parent antibody, supporting further clinical investigation of the co-administration dosing strategy to improve the tumor penetration of ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 900 Blake Wilbur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Naoki Nishio
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 900 Blake Wilbur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nynke S van den Berg
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 900 Blake Wilbur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Brock A Martin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shayan Fakurnejad
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 900 Blake Wilbur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Stan van Keulen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 900 Blake Wilbur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alexander D Colevas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Greg M Thurber
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eben L Rosenthal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 900 Blake Wilbur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Pyaram A, Rampilla M, Deore J, Sengupta P. Challenges and Strategies for Quantification of Drugs in the Brain: Current Scenario and Future Advancement. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:93-105. [PMID: 32687414 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1791041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The site of action of centrally acting drugs lies inside the brain and therefore, needs to reach the brain to exert their therapeutic efficacy. Discovery and development process of such types of drugs demands their quantification in brain to establish the dose, study pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and optimize the overall efficacy. Moreover, some drugs of other categories also have potential to cross blood-brain barrier resulting in various adverse events by acting centrally. However, the collection of a matrix to analyze the amount of drugs present in brain is highly challenging. In this review, we have summarized different bioanalytical strategies to quantitate drugs inside the brain. A detailed discussion on various in vivo and in vitro techniques for monitoring drugs inside the brain has been incorporated. In addition, various sampling techniques have been discussed in brief with case studies. Therefore, this review can guide the researcher to choose appropriate bioanalytical techniques for analyzing drugs in brain depending upon the specific need and quantification threshold considering the commonly associated difficulties of the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhila Pyaram
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar - 382355, Gujarat, INDIA
| | - Madhuri Rampilla
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar - 382355, Gujarat, INDIA
| | - Jayshri Deore
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar - 382355, Gujarat, INDIA
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar - 382355, Gujarat, INDIA
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28
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Nguyen MP, Ramakers RM, Kamphuis C, Koustoulidou S, Goorden MC, Beekman FJ. EXIRAD-3D: Fast automated three-dimensional autoradiography. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 86-87:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Delayre C, Sammaljärvi J, Billon S, Muuri E, Sardini P, Siitari-Kauppi M. Comparison of phosphor screen autoradiography and micro-pattern gas detector based autoradiography for the porosity of altered rocks. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9455. [PMID: 32528033 PMCID: PMC7289799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to further develop the 14C-PMMA porosity calculation method with a novel autoradiography technique, the Micro-pattern gas detector autoradiography (MPGDA). In this study, the MPGDA is compared with phosphor screen autoradiography (SPA). A set of rock samples from Martinique Island exhibiting a large range of connected porosities was used to validate the MPGDA method. Calculated porosities were found to be in agreement with ones from the SPA and the triple-weight method (TW). The filmless nature of MPGDA as well as straightforward determination of C-14 radioactivity from the source rock makes the porosity calculation less uncertain. The real-time visualization of radioactivity from C-14 beta emissions by MPGDA is a noticeable improvement in comparison to SPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Delayre
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285 IC2MP / HYDRASA, rue Michel Brunet, 86022, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - J Sammaljärvi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Billon
- ERM company, 4 rue Carol Heitz, 86000, Poitiers, France
| | - E Muuri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Sardini
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285 IC2MP / HYDRASA, rue Michel Brunet, 86022, Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - M Siitari-Kauppi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Digital autoradiography for efficient functional imaging without anesthesia in experimental animals: Reversing phencyclidine-induced functional alterations using clozapine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 100:109887. [PMID: 32061743 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Autoradiography (ARG) is a high-resolution imaging method for localization of radiolabeled biomarkers in ex vivo specimen. ARG using 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) method is used in to study drug actions on brain functional activity, as it provides results comparable to clinically used functional positron-emission tomography (PET). The requirement of slow analog detection methods and emerging advances in small animal PET imaging have, however, reduced the interest in ARG. In contrast to ARG, experimental animals need to be restrained or sedated/anesthetized for PET imaging, which strongly influence functional activity and thus complicate the interpretation of the results. Digital direct particle-counting ARG systems have gained attraction during the last decade to overcome the caveats of conventional ARG methods. Here we demonstrate that the well-established 2-DG imaging method can be adapted into use with contemporary digital detectors. This method readily and rapidly captures the characteristic effects of phencyclidine (5 mg/kg, i.p.), a dissociative agent targeting the NMDAR (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor), on regional glucose utilization in the adult mouse brain. Pretreatment with antipsychotic drug clozapine (6 mg/kg, i.p.) essentially abolishes these effects of phencyclidine on brain functional activity. Digital ARG produces viable data for the regional analysis of functional activity in a fraction of time required for film development. These results support the use of digital ARG in preclinical drug research, where high throughput and response linearity are preferred and use of sedation/anesthesia has to be avoided.
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31
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L-Glucose: Another Path to Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040850. [PMID: 32244695 PMCID: PMC7225996 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancerous tumors comprise cells showing metabolic heterogeneity. Among numerous efforts to understand this property, little attention has been paid to the possibility that cancer cells take up and utilize otherwise unusable substrates as fuel. Here we discuss this issue by focusing on l-glucose, the mirror image isomer of naturally occurring d-glucose; l-glucose is an unmetabolizable sugar except in some bacteria. By combining relatively small fluorophores with l-glucose, we generated fluorescence-emitting l-glucose tracers (fLGs). To our surprise, 2-NBDLG, one of these fLGs, which we thought to be merely a control substrate for the fluorescent d-glucose tracer 2-NBDG, was specifically taken up into tumor cell aggregates (spheroids) that exhibited nuclear heterogeneity, a major cytological feature of malignancy in cancer diagnosis. Changes in mitochondrial activity were also associated with the spheroids taking up fLG. To better understand these phenomena, we review here the Warburg effect as well as key studies regarding glucose uptake. We also discuss tumor heterogeneity involving aberrant uptake of glucose and mitochondrial changes based on the data obtained by fLG. We then consider the use of fLGs as novel markers for visualization and characterization of malignant tumor cells.
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32
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Imaging and quantifying drug delivery in skin - Part 1: Autoradiography and mass spectrometry imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 153:137-146. [PMID: 31778729 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this two-part review we present an up-to-date description of different imaging methods available to map the localization of drugs on skin as a complement of established ex-vivo absorption studies. This first part deals with invasive methods which are grouped in two classes according to their underlying principles: i) methods using radioactivity such as autoradiography and ii) mass spectrometry methods such as MALDI and SIMS. For each method, a description of the principle is given along with example applications of imaging and quantifying drug delivery in human skin. Thanks to these techniques a better assessment of the fate of drugs is obtained: its localization on a particular skin structure, its potential accumulation, etc. A critical comparison in terms of capabilities, sensitivity and practical applicability is included that will help the reader to select the most appropriate technique depending on the particular problem to be solved.
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33
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Marzorati S, Messina M, Ghiglieri A. Autoradioluminography, a powerful and reliable tool for drug development: Accelera's experience. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:776-784. [PMID: 31379030 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A deeper understanding of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a drug candidate is a pivotal component of drug discovery and development. Autoradiography is an excellent technique allowing exploiting the advantages of the use of radioisotopes in the drug disscovery field. The introduction of phosphor imaging technology has revolutionized the handling of drug distribution studies providing high-resolution images. Specifically, quantitative whole-body autoradioluminography is employed for preclinical study where the aim is to obtain information about the route of elimination and tissue distribution of a drug candidate. Autoradioluminography is also the technique of choice pursued to deal with all the issue that it is possible to encounter in all stage of drug development (ie, site-specific drug localization and retention, drug-drug interactions, penetration into specific target, specific tissue binding, crossing of brain blood barrier, and placental transfer). The purpose of this review is to give a picture of how autoradiography is employed in our laboratory as a key tool for advances in the assessment of the drug disposition and to validate new experimental models.
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34
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Kanemoto N, Okamoto T, Tanabe K, Shimada T, Minoshima H, Hidoh Y, Aoyama M, Ban T, Kobayashi Y, Ando H, Inoue Y, Itotani M, Sato S. Antidiabetic and cardiovascular beneficial effects of a liver-localized mitochondrial uncoupler. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2172. [PMID: 31092829 PMCID: PMC6520346 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09911-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing mitochondrial uncoupling (mUncoupling) is an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating metabolic diseases because it leads to calorie-wasting by reducing the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in mitochondria. Here we report a safe mUncoupler, OPC-163493, which has unique pharmacokinetic characteristics. OPC-163493 shows a good bioavailability upon oral administration and primarily distributed to specific organs: the liver and kidneys, avoiding systemic toxicities. It exhibits insulin-independent antidiabetic effects in multiple animal models of type I and type II diabetes and antisteatotic effects in fatty liver models. These beneficial effects can be explained by the improvement of glucose metabolism and enhancement of energy expenditure by OPC-163493 in the liver. Moreover, OPC-163493 treatment lowered blood pressure, extended survival, and improved renal function in the rat model of stroke/hypertension, possibly by enhancing NO bioavailability in blood vessels and reducing mitochondrial ROS production. OPC-163493 is a liver-localized/targeted mUncoupler that ameliorates various complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohide Kanemoto
- Department of Lead Discovery Research, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan.
| | - Takashi Okamoto
- Department of Lead Discovery Research, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Koji Tanabe
- Department of CNS Research, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimada
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Nonclinical Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Hitomi Minoshima
- Pharmaceutical Planning Group, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2-16-4 Shinagawa Grand Central Tower Minatominami Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8242, Japan
| | - Yuya Hidoh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Nonclinical Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoyama
- Biology and Translational Research Unit, Department of Medical Innovations, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Takashi Ban
- Department of Renal and Cardiovascular Research, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Lead Discovery Research, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Hikaru Ando
- Department of Lead Discovery Research, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Yuki Inoue
- Department of Drug Safety Research, Nonclinical Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Motohiro Itotani
- Quality Assurance Section (Tokushima Wajiki Factory), Quality Assurance Department, Headquarters for Product Safety and Quality Assurance, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 306-2 Otsubo Koniu aza Naka-cho Naka-gun, Tokushima, 771-5209, Japan
| | - Seiji Sato
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
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Tang W, Chen J, Zhou J, Ge J, Zhang Y, Li P, Li B. Quantitative MALDI Imaging of Spatial Distributions and Dynamic Changes of Tetrandrine in Multiple Organs of Rats. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:932-944. [PMID: 30867807 PMCID: PMC6401406 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed spatio-temporal information on drug distribution in organs is of paramount importance to assess drug clinically-relevant properties and potential side-effects. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) as a label-free and sensitive imaging modality provides an additional means of accurately visualizing drug and its metabolites distributions in tissue sections. However, technical limitations, complex physiochemical environment of surface and low abundance of target drugs make quantitative MALDI imaging of drug and its metabolites quite challenging. Methods: In this study, an internal standard correction strategy was applied for quantitative MALDI imaging of tetrandrine in multiple organs of rats including lung, liver, kidney, spleen, and heart. The feasibility and reliability of the developed quantitative MSI method were validated by conventional liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) analysis, and the two methods showed a significant correlation. Results: The quantitative MALDI imaging method met the requirements of specificity, sensitivity and linearity. Tissue-specific spatio-temporal distribution patterns of tetrandrine in different organs were revealed after intravenous administration in the rat. Moreover, demethylated metabolite was detected in liver tissues. Conclusions: The current work illustrates that quantitative MALDI imaging provides an alternative means of accurately addressing the problem of drug and its metabolites distribution in tissues, complementary to traditional LC-MS/MS of tissue homogenates and whole-body autoradiography (WBA). Quantitative spatio-chemical information obtained here can improve our understanding of pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and potential transient toxicities of tetrandrine in organs, and possibly direct further optimization of drug properties to reduce drug-induced organ toxicity.
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Hermsmeier M, Jeong S, Yamamoto A, Chen X, Nagavarapu U, Evans CL, Chan KF. Characterization of human cutaneous tissue autofluorescence: implications in topical drug delivery studies with fluorescence microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:5400-5418. [PMID: 30460136 PMCID: PMC6238944 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.005400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In pharmacokinetic studies of topical drugs, fluorescence microscopy methods can enable the direct visualization and quantification of fluorescent drugs within the skin. One potential limitation of this approach, however, is the strong endogenous fluorescence of skin tissues that makes straightforward identification of specific drug molecules challenging. To study this effect and quantify endogenous skin fluorescence in the context of topical pharmacokinetics, an integrating sphere-based screening tool was designed to collect fluorescence yield data from human skin specimens. Such information could be utilized to select specific donors in the investigation of drug uptake and distribution. Results indicated human facial skin specimens from a group of more than 35 individuals exhibited an at least 6-fold difference in endogenous fluorescence. In visualizing drug distributions, the negative impact of autofluorescence could be exacerbated in cases where there are overlapping spatial distributions or spectral emission profiles between endogenous fluorophores and the exogenous fluorophore of interest. We demonstrated the feasibility of this approach in measuring the range of tissue endogenous fluorescence and selecting specimens for the study of drug pharmacokinetics with fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Hermsmeier
- BioPharmX, Inc., 1505 Adams Drive Suite D, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sinyoung Jeong
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- BioPharmX, Inc., 1505 Adams Drive Suite D, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- BioPharmX, Inc., 1505 Adams Drive Suite D, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Usha Nagavarapu
- BioPharmX, Inc., 1505 Adams Drive Suite D, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Conor L. Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kin F. Chan
- BioPharmX, Inc., 1505 Adams Drive Suite D, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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Bavelaar BM, Lee BQ, Gill MR, Falzone N, Vallis KA. Subcellular Targeting of Theranostic Radionuclides. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:996. [PMID: 30233374 PMCID: PMC6131480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen rapid growth in the use of theranostic radionuclides for the treatment and imaging of a wide range of cancers. Radionuclide therapy and imaging rely on a radiolabeled vector to specifically target cancer cells. Radionuclides that emit β particles have thus far dominated the field of targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT), mainly because the longer range (μm-mm track length) of these particles offsets the heterogeneous expression of the molecular target. Shorter range (nm-μm track length) α- and Auger electron (AE)-emitting radionuclides on the other hand provide high ionization densities at the site of decay which could overcome much of the toxicity associated with β-emitters. Given that there is a growing body of evidence that other sensitive sites besides the DNA, such as the cell membrane and mitochondria, could be critical targets in TRT, improved techniques in detecting the subcellular distribution of these radionuclides are necessary, especially since many β-emitting radionuclides also emit AE. The successful development of TRT agents capable of homing to targets with subcellular precision demands the parallel development of quantitative assays for evaluation of spatial distribution of radionuclides in the nm-μm range. In this review, the status of research directed at subcellular targeting of radionuclide theranostics and the methods for imaging and quantification of radionuclide localization at the nanoscale are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Katherine A. Vallis
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Tanner L, Denti P, Wiesner L, Warner DF. Drug permeation and metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Prioritising local exposure as essential criterion in new TB drug development. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:926-937. [PMID: 29934964 PMCID: PMC6129860 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs possess diverse abilities to penetrate the different host tissues and cell types in which infecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli are located during active disease. This is important since there is increasing evidence that the respective "lesion-penetrating" properties of the front-line TB drugs appear to correlate well with their specific activity in standard combination therapy. In turn, these observations suggest that rational efforts to discover novel treatment-shortening drugs and drug combinations should incorporate knowledge about the comparative abilities of both existing and experimental anti-TB agents to access bacilli in defined physiological states at different sites of infection, as well as avoid elimination by efflux or inactivation by host or bacterial metabolism. However, while there is a fundamental requirement to understand the mode of action and pharmacological properties of any current or experimental anti-TB agent within the context of the obligate human host, this is complex and, until recently, has been severely limited by the available methodologies and models. Here, we discuss advances in analytical models and technologies which have enabled investigations of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) for new TB drug development. In particular, we consider the potential to shift the focus of traditional pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analyses away from plasma to a more specific "site of action" drug exposure as an essential criterion for drug development and the design of dosing strategies. Moreover, in summarising approaches to determine DMPK data for the "unit of infection" comprising host macrophage and intracellular bacillus, we evaluate the potential benefits of including these analyses at an early stage in the preclinical drug development algorithm. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(9):926-937, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Tanner
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Paolo Denti
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Lubbe Wiesner
- SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Digby F. Warner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
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Ilovich O, Qutaish M, Hesterman JY, Orcutt K, Hoppin J, Polyak I, Seaman M, Abu-Yousif AO, Cvet D, Bradley DP. Dual-Isotope Cryoimaging Quantitative Autoradiography: Investigating Antibody–Drug Conjugate Distribution and Payload Delivery Through Imaging. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1461-1466. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.207753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Cowan N, Meier C, Neodo A, Keiser J. Exposure of Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Trichuris muris to albendazole, albendazole sulfoxide, mebendazole and oxantel pamoate in vitro and in vivo to elucidate the pathway of drug entry into these gastrointestinal nematodes. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2017; 7:159-173. [PMID: 28371660 PMCID: PMC5377441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people are treated with anthelmintics to control soil-transmitted helminth infections; yet, drug distribution in the plasma and gastrointestinal tract compartments and the pathway of drug uptake into gastrointestinal nematodes responsible for the pharmacological effect are unknown. We assessed the distribution and uptake of albendazole, albendazole sulfoxide, albendazole sulfone in the hookworm Heligmosomoides polygyrus in vitro and in vivo as well as the distribution and uptake of albendazole, mebendazole, and oxantel pamoate in the whipworm Trichuris muris in vitro and in vivo. Oral and intraperitoneal treatments (100 mg/kg) were studied. Drug quantities in helminths and host compartments (stomach, the contents and mucosa of the small and large intestine, and the plasma) were determined using HPLC-UV/vis and anthelmintic activities were recorded using phenotypic readout. The influence of 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), an irreversible and unspecific cytochrome P450 inhibitor, on albendazole disposition in mice harboring H. polygyrus was evaluated. In vivo, albendazole was found in quantities up to 10 nmol per ten H. polygyrus and up to 31 nmol per ten T. muris. ABT did not change the levels of albendazole or its metabolites in the plasma of mice harboring H. polygyrus or in H. polygyrus, whereas drug levels in the gastrointestinal tract of host mice doubled. Mebendazole and oxantel pamoate quantities per ten T. muris were as high as 21 nmol and 34 nmol, respectively. Albendazole revealed a very dynamic distribution and high rate of metabolism, hence, H. polygyrus and T. muris are exposed to albendazole and both metabolites via multiple pathways. Diffusion through the cuticle seems to be the crucial pathway of oxantel pamoate uptake into T. muris, and likely also for mebendazole. No relationship between concentrations measured in helminths and concentrations in plasma, intestinal content and mucosa of mice, or drug efficacy was noted for any of the drugs studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Cowan
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Charles Meier
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Neodo
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Here, we describe a method for obtaining whole-body MALDI imaging data. MALDI imaging provides chemical compound-specific information not attainable with conventional histology techniques. The specificity of mass spectrometry with the addition of spatial information makes this a very powerful technique, especially for the analysis of endogenous and exogenous small molecules. This chapter will provide the reader with a comprehensive description of the techniques involved in obtaining high-quality MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) data from large tissue sections.
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Lever SZ, Fan KH, Lever JR. Tactics for preclinical validation of receptor-binding radiotracers. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 44:4-30. [PMID: 27755986 PMCID: PMC5161541 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aspects of radiopharmaceutical development are illustrated through preclinical studies of [125I]-(E)-1-(2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl)-4-(iodoallyl)piperazine ([125I]-E-IA-BF-PE-PIPZE), a radioligand for sigma-1 (σ1) receptors, coupled with examples from the recent literature. Findings are compared to those previously observed for [125I]-(E)-1-(2-(2,3-dimethoxy-5-yl)ethyl)-4-(iodoallyl)piperazine ([125I]-E-IA-DM-PE-PIPZE). METHODS Syntheses of E-IA-BF-PE-PIPZE and [125I]-E-IA-BF-PE-PIPZE were accomplished by standard methods. In vitro receptor binding studies and autoradiography were performed, and binding potential was predicted. Measurements of lipophilicity and protein binding were obtained. In vivo studies were conducted in mice to evaluate radioligand stability, as well as specific binding to σ1 sites in brain, brain regions and peripheral organs in the presence and absence of potential blockers. RESULTS E-IA-BF-PE-PIPZE exhibited high affinity and selectivity for σ1 receptors (Ki = 0.43 ± 0.03 nM, σ2/σ1 = 173). [125I]-E-IA-BF-PE-PIPZE was prepared in good yield and purity, with high specific activity. Radioligand binding provided dissociation (koff) and association (kon) rate constants, along with a measured Kd of 0.24 ± 0.01 nM and Bmax of 472 ± 13 fmol/mg protein. The radioligand proved suitable for quantitative autoradiography in vitro using brain sections. Moderate lipophilicity, Log D7.4 2.69 ± 0.28, was determined, and protein binding was 71 ± 0.3%. In vivo, high initial whole brain uptake, >6% injected dose/g, cleared slowly over 24 h. Specific binding represented 75% to 93% of total binding from 15 min to 24 h. Findings were confirmed and extended by regional brain biodistribution. Radiometabolites were not observed in brain (1%). CONCLUSIONS Substitution of dihydrobenzofuranylethyl for dimethoxyphenethyl increased radioligand affinity for σ1 receptors by 16-fold. While high specific binding to σ1 receptors was observed for both radioligands in vivo, [125I]-E-IA-BF-PE-PIPZE displayed much slower clearance kinetics than [125I]-E-IA-DM-PE-PIPZE. Thus, minor structural modifications of σ1 receptor radioligands lead to major differences in binding properties in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Z Lever
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Kuo-Hsien Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - John R Lever
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Cahill JF, Kertesz V, Weiskittel TM, Vavrek M, Freddo C, Van Berkel GJ. Online, Absolute Quantitation of Propranolol from Spatially Distinct 20- and 40-μm Dissections of Brain, Liver, and Kidney Thin Tissue Sections by Laser Microdissection-Liquid Vortex Capture-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6026-34. [PMID: 27214103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Spatial resolved quantitation of chemical species in thin tissue sections by mass spectrometric methods has been constrained by the need for matrix-matched standards or other arduous calibration protocols and procedures to mitigate matrix effects (e.g., spatially varying ionization suppression). Reported here is the use of laser "cut and drop" sampling with a laser microdissection-liquid vortex capture electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LMD-LVC/ESI-MS/MS) system for online and absolute quantitation of propranolol in mouse brain, kidney, and liver thin tissue sections of mice administered with the drug at a 7.5 mg/kg dose, intravenously. In this procedure either 20 μm × 20 μm or 40 μm × 40 μm tissue microdissections were cut and dropped into the flowing solvent of the capture probe. During transport to the ESI source drug related material was completely extracted from the tissue into the solvent, which contained a known concentration of propranolol-d7 as an internal standard. This allowed absolute quantitation to be achieved with an external calibration curve generated from standards containing the same fixed concentration of propranolol-d7 and varied concentrations of propranolol. Average propranolol concentrations determined with the laser "cut and drop" sampling method closely agreed with concentration values obtained from 2.3 mm diameter tissue punches from serial sections that were extracted and quantified by HPLC/ESI-MS/MS measurements. In addition, the relative abundance of hydroxypropranolol glucuronide metabolites were recorded and found to be consistent with previous findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Cahill
- Mass Spectrometry and Laser Spectroscopy Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
| | - Vilmos Kertesz
- Mass Spectrometry and Laser Spectroscopy Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
| | - Taylor M Weiskittel
- ORISE HERE Intern, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Marissa Vavrek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories , West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Carol Freddo
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories , West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Gary J Van Berkel
- Mass Spectrometry and Laser Spectroscopy Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6131, United States
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Tang C, Edelstein J, Mikitsh JL, Xiao E, Hemphill AH, Pagels R, Chacko AM, Prud'homme R. Biodistribution and fate of core-labeled 125I polymeric nanocarriers prepared by Flash NanoPrecipitation (FNP). J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2428-2434. [PMID: 27073688 PMCID: PMC4826598 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02172c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive medical imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging are powerful platforms to track the fate of radiolabeled materials for diagnostic or drug delivery applications. Polymer-based nanocarriers tagged with non-standard PET radionuclides with relatively long half-lives (e.g. 64Cu: t1/2 = 12.7 h, 76Br: t1/2 = 16.2h, 89Zr: t1/2 = 3.3 d, 124I: t1/2 = 4.2 d) may greatly expand applications of nanomedicines in molecular imaging and therapy. However, radiolabeling strategies that ensure stable in vivo association of the radiolabel with the nanocarrier remain a significant challenge. In this study, we covalently attach radioiodine to the core of pre-fabricated nanocarriers. First, we encapsulated polyvinyl phenol within a poly(ethylene glycol) coating using Flash NanoPrecipitation (FNP) to produce stable 75 nm and 120 nm nanocarriers. Following FNP, we radiolabeled the encapsulated polyvinyl phenol with 125I via electrophilic aromatic substitution in high radiochemical yields (> 90%). Biodistribution studies reveal low radioactivity in the thyroid, indicating minimal leaching of the radiolabel in vivo. Further, PEGylated [125I]PVPh nanocarriers exhibited relatively long circulation half-lives (t1/2 α = 2.9 h, t1/2 β = 34.9 h) and gradual reticuloendothelial clearance, with 31% of injected dose in blood retained at 24 h post-injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ United States; Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jasmine Edelstein
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ United States; Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - John L Mikitsh
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging
| | - Edward Xiao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ United States; Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging
| | | | - Robert Pagels
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ United States
| | - Ann-Marie Chacko
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging; Department of Radiation Oncology
| | - Robert Prud'homme
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S von Bartheld
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Mailstop 352, Reno, NV, 89557, USA,
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