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Hajimohammadi S, Rameshrad M, Karimi G. Exploring the therapeutic effects of sulforaphane: an in-depth review on endoplasmic reticulum stress modulation across different disease contexts. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:2185-2201. [PMID: 38922526 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01506-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intracellular organelle that contributes to the folding of proteins and calcium homeostasis. Numerous elements can disrupt its function, leading to the accumulation of proteins that are unfolded or misfolded in the lumen of the ER, a condition that is known as ER stress. This phenomenon can trigger cell death through the activation of apoptosis and inflammation. Glucoraphanin (GRA) is the predominant glucosinolate found in cruciferous vegetables. Various mechanical and biochemical processes activate the enzyme myrosinase, leading to the hydrolysis of glucoraphanin into the bioactive compound sulforaphane. Sulforaphane is an organosulfur compound that belongs to the isothiocyanate group. It possesses a wide range of activities and has shown remarkable potential as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-angiogenic substance. Additionally, sulforaphane is resistant to oxidation, has been demonstrated to have low toxicity, and is considered well-tolerable in individuals. These properties make it a valuable natural dietary supplement for research purposes. Sulforaphane has been demonstrated as a potential candidate drug molecule for managing a range of diseases, primarily because of its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, which can be mediated by modulation of ER stress pathways. This review seeks to cover a wealth of data supporting the broad range of protective functions of sulforaphane, improving various diseases, such as cardiovascular, central nervous system, liver, eye, and reproductive diseases, as well as diabetes, cancer, gastroenteritis, and osteoarthritis, through the amelioration of ER stress in both in vivo and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Hajimohammadi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Rameshrad
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
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Habtemariam S. Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Mechanisms of Isothiocyanates: Insights from Sulforaphane. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1169. [PMID: 38927376 PMCID: PMC11200786 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) belong to a group of natural products that possess a highly reactive electrophilic -N=C=S functional group. They are stored in plants as precursor molecules, glucosinolates, which are processed by the tyrosinase enzyme upon plant tissue damage to release ITCs, along with other products. Isolated from broccoli, sulforaphane is by far the most studied antioxidant ITC, acting primarily through the induction of a transcription factor, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which upregulates downstream antioxidant genes/proteins. Paradoxically, sulforaphane, as a pro-oxidant compound, can also increase the levels of reactive oxygen species, a mechanism which is attributed to its anticancer effect. Beyond highlighting the common pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects of sulforaphane, the present paper was designed to assess the diverse anti-inflammatory mechanisms reported to date using a variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Sulforaphane downregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, cycloxyhenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The signalling pathways of nuclear factor κB, activator protein 1, sirtuins 1, silent information regulator sirtuin 1 and 3, and microRNAs are among those affected by sulforaphane. These anti-inflammatory actions are sometimes due to direct action via interaction with the sulfhydryl structural moiety of cysteine residues in enzymes/proteins. The following are among the topics discussed in this paper: paradoxical signalling pathways such as the immunosuppressant or immunostimulant mechanisms; crosstalk between the oxidative and inflammatory pathways; and effects dependent on health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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Mohamadi N, Baradaran Rahimi V, Fadaei MR, Sharifi F, Askari VR. A mechanistic overview of sulforaphane and its derivatives application in diabetes and its complications. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:2885-2899. [PMID: 37955784 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a type of phytochemical found in many cruciferous vegetables that has been shown to positively benefit the control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The search was done from 2000 until December 2022 using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar databases. We included all in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. Sulforaphane has been demonstrated to activate the PI3K/AKT and AMP-activated protein kinase pathways and the glucose transporter type 4 to increase insulin production and reduce insulin resistance. Interestingly, SFN possesses protective effects against diabetes complications, such as diabetic-induced hepatic damage, vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, nephropathy, and neuropathy via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation that leads to the translation of several anti-oxidant enzymes and regulation glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid metabolism, glutamine metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. Furthermore, multiple clinical trial studies emphasized the ameliorating effects of SFN on T2DM patients. This review provides sufficient evidence for further research and development of sulforaphane as a hypoglycemic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Mohamadi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicine Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fadaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sharifi
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Gao S, Gao S, Wang Y, Li N, Yang Z, Yao H, Chen Y, Cheng Y, Zhong Y, Shen X. Inhibition of Ferroptosis Ameliorates Photoreceptor Degeneration in Experimental Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16946. [PMID: 38069270 PMCID: PMC10707664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision impairment in the working-age population worldwide. Various modes of photoreceptor cell death contribute to the development of DR, including apoptosis and autophagy. However, whether ferroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of photoreceptor degeneration in DR is still unclear. High-glucose (HG)-stimulated 661W cells and diabetic mice models were used for in vitro and in vivo experiments, respectively. The levels of intracellular iron, glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and ferroptosis-related proteins (GPX4, SLC7A11, ACSL4, FTH1, and NCOA4) were quantified to indicate ferroptosis. The effect of ferroptosis inhibition was also assessed. Our data showed the levels of iron, ROS, and MDA were enhanced and GSH concentration was reduced in HG-induced 661W cells and diabetic retinas. The expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 was downregulated, while the expression of ACSL4, FTH1, and NCOA4 was upregulated in the 661W cells cultured under HG conditions and in the photoreceptor cells in diabetic mice. Furthermore, the administration of the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) obviously alleviated ferroptosis-related changes in HG-cultured 661W cells and in retinal photoreceptor cells in diabetic mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that ferroptosis is involved in photoreceptor degeneration in the development of the early stages of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China; (S.G.)
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Mthembu SXH, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Moetlediwa MT, Muvhulawa N, Silvestri S, Orlando P, Nkambule BB, Muller CJF, Ndwandwe D, Basson AK, Tiano L, Dludla PV. Sulforaphane: A nutraceutical against diabetes-related complications. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106918. [PMID: 37703962 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the use of nutraceuticals and plant-derived bioactive compounds from foods for their potential health benefits. For example, as a major active ingredient found from cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, there has been growing interest in understanding the therapeutic effects of sulforaphane against diverse metabolic complications. The past decade has seen an extensive growth in literature reporting on the potential health benefits of sulforaphane to neutralize pathological consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation, which may be essential in protecting against diabetes-related complications. In fact, preclinical evidence summarized within this review supports an active role of sulforaphane in activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 or effectively modulating AMP-activated protein kinase to protect against diabetic complications, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, as well as other metabolic complications involving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and skeletal muscle insulin resistance. With clinical evidence suggesting that foods rich in sulforaphane like broccoli can improve the metabolic status and lower cardiovascular disease risk by reducing biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. This information remains essential in determining the therapeutic value of sulforaphane or its potential use as a nutraceutical to manage diabetes and its related complications. Finally, this review discusses essential information on the bioavailability profile of sulforaphane, while also covering information on the pathological consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation that drive the development and progression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinenhlanhla X H Mthembu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | | | - Marakiya T Moetlediwa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Ndivhuwo Muvhulawa
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Patrick Orlando
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Centre for Cardiometabolic Research Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Duduzile Ndwandwe
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Albertus K Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
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Chen X, Shi C, He M, Xiong S, Xia X. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: molecular mechanism and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:352. [PMID: 37709773 PMCID: PMC10502142 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01570-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions as a quality-control organelle for protein homeostasis, or "proteostasis". The protein quality control systems involve ER-associated degradation, protein chaperons, and autophagy. ER stress is activated when proteostasis is broken with an accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins in the ER. ER stress activates an adaptive unfolded protein response to restore proteostasis by initiating protein kinase R-like ER kinase, activating transcription factor 6, and inositol requiring enzyme 1. ER stress is multifaceted, and acts on aspects at the epigenetic level, including transcription and protein processing. Accumulated data indicates its key role in protein homeostasis and other diverse functions involved in various ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, achromatopsia, cataracts, ocular tumors, ocular surface diseases, and myopia. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the aforementioned ocular diseases from an ER stress perspective. Drugs (chemicals, neurotrophic factors, and nanoparticles), gene therapy, and stem cell therapy are used to treat ocular diseases by alleviating ER stress. We delineate the advancement of therapy targeting ER stress to provide new treatment strategies for ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Chen
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chaoran Shi
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meihui He
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siqi Xiong
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Gasmi A, Gasmi Benahmed A, Shanaida M, Chirumbolo S, Menzel A, Anzar W, Arshad M, Cruz-Martins N, Lysiuk R, Beley N, Oliinyk P, Shanaida V, Denys A, Peana M, Bjørklund G. Anticancer activity of broccoli, its organosulfur and polyphenolic compounds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:8054-8072. [PMID: 37129118 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2195493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of natural bioactive constituents from various food sources for anticancer purposes has become increasingly popular worldwide. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is on the top of the consumed vegetables by the masses. Its raw matrix contains a plethora of phytochemicals, such as glucosinolates and phenolic compounds, along with rich amounts of vitamins, and minerals. Consumption of broccoli-derived phytochemicals provides strong antioxidant effects, particularly due to its sulforaphane content, while modulating numerous molecules involved in cell cycle regulation, control of apoptosis, and tuning enzyme activity. Thus, the inclusion of broccoli in the daily diet lowers the susceptibility to developing cancers. Numerous studies have underlined the undisputable role of broccoli in the diet as a chemopreventive raw food, owing to the content in sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate produced as a result of hydrolysis of precursor glucosinolates called glucoraphanin. This review will provide evidence supporting the specific role of fresh florets and sprouts of broccoli and its key bioactive constituents in the prevention and treatment of different cancers; a number of studies carried out in the in vitro and in vivo conditions as well as clinical trials were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
- International Congress of Nutritional Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
- Société Marocaine de Micronutrition et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Mariia Shanaida
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- CONEM Scientific Secretary, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Wajiha Anzar
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Arshad
- National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, Gandra PRD, Portugal
- TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Beley
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Petro Oliinyk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Shanaida
- Design of Machine Tools, Instruments and Machines Department, Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | | | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
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Feng Z, Wang T, Sun Y, Chen S, Hao H, Du W, Zou H, Yu D, Zhu H, Pang Y. Sulforaphane suppresses paraquat-induced oxidative damage in bovine in vitro-matured oocytes through Nrf2 transduction pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 254:114747. [PMID: 36907095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a bioactive phytocompound extracted from cruciferous plants, has received increasing attention due to its vital cytoprotective role in eliminating oxidative free radical through activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2)-mediated signal transduction pathway. This study aims at a better insight into the protective benefit of SFN in attenuating paraquat (PQ)-caused impairment in bovine in vitro-matured oocytes and the possible mechanisms involved therein. Results showed that addition of 1 μM SFN during oocyte maturation obtained higher proportions of matured oocytes and in vitro-fertilized embryos. SFN application attenuated the toxicological effects of PQ on bovine oocytes, as manifested by enhanced extending capability of cumulus cell and increased extrusion proportion of first polar body. Following incubation with SFN, oocytes exposed to PQ exhibited reduced intracellular ROS and lipid accumulation levels, and elevated T-SOD and GSH contents. SFN also effectively inhibited PQ-mediated increase in BAX and CASPASE-3 protein expressions. Besides, SFN promoted the transcription of NRF2 and its downstream antioxidative-related genes GCLC, GCLM, HO-1, NQO-1, and TXN1 in a PQ-exposed environment, indicating that SFN prevents PQ-caused cytotoxicity through activation of Nrf2 signal transduction pathway. The mechanisms underlying the role of SFN against PQ-induced injury included the inhibition of TXNIP protein and restoration of the global O-GlcNAc level. Collectively, these findings provide novel evidence for the protective role of SFN in alleviating PQ-caused injury, and suggest that SFN application may be an efficacious intervention strategy against PQ cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Feng
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Reproductive Medicine Center, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000, China
| | - Yawen Sun
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Siying Chen
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haisheng Hao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weihua Du
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiying Zou
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dawei Yu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huabin Zhu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunwei Pang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Spyridakos D, Mastrodimou N, Vemuri K, Ho TC, Nikas SP, Makriyannis A, Thermos K. Blockade of CB1 or Activation of CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors Is Differentially Efficacious in the Treatment of the Early Pathological Events in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:240. [PMID: 36613692 PMCID: PMC9820336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and vascular leakage are believed to play a key role in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy (ESDR). The aim of this study was to investigate the blockade of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) and activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) as putative therapeutics for the treatment of the early toxic events in DR. Diabetic rats [streptozotocin (STZ)-induced] were treated topically (20 μL, 10 mg/mL), once daily for fourteen days (early stage DR model), with SR141716 (CB1R antagonist), AM1710 (CB2R agonist), and the dual treatment SR141716/AM1710. Immunohistochemical-histological, ELISA, and Evans-Blue analyses were performed to assess the neuroprotective and vasculoprotective properties of the pharmacological treatments on diabetes-induced retinal toxicity. Activation of CB2R or blockade of CB1R, as well as the dual treatment, attenuated the nitrative stress induced by diabetes. Both single treatments protected neural elements (e.g., RGC axons) and reduced vascular leakage. AM1710 alone reversed all toxic insults. These findings provide new knowledge regarding the differential efficacies of the cannabinoids, when administered topically, in the treatment of ESDR. Cannabinoid neuroprotection of the diabetic retina in ESDR may prove therapeutic in delaying the development of the advanced stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Spyridakos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Niki Mastrodimou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kiran Vemuri
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thanh C. Ho
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Spyros P. Nikas
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyriaki Thermos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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Song H, Wang YH, Zhou HY, Cui KM. Sulforaphane alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory injury in ARPE-19 cells by repressing the PWRN2/NF-kB pathway. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:868-876. [PMID: 35766158 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2090954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly population and its pathogenesis has been associated with inflammatory damage to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Here, we explored the ability of sulforaphane to protect ARPE-19 cells from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Cell viability, apoptosis, inflammation, PWRN2 expression, nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-kB) activity, and the interaction between PWRN2 and the IkBa protein were assessed in RPE cells under- or over-expressing PWRN2 that had been treated with LPS and sulforaphane. RESULTS Overexpression of PWRN2 in LPS-treated cells promoted NF-kB activation by interacting with IkBa, thus reducing cell viability. In contrast, PWRN2 downregulation repressed LPS-induced NF-kB activation and apoptosis in RPE cells. Similarly, sulforaphane downregulated PWRN2 and inhibited NF-kB activation in a concentration-dependent manner. Conversely, PWRN2 overexpression or NF-kB upregulation weakened the anti-inflammatory effects of sulforaphane. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that sulforaphane protects RPE cells from LPS-induced inflammatory injury by suppressing the PWRN2/NF-kB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Song
- Eye Center, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Hao Wang
- Eye Center, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhou
- Eye Center, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, P.R. China
| | - Kun-Ming Cui
- Eye Center, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, P.R. China
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11
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Wang M, Chen M, Guo R, Ding Y, Zhang H, He Y. The improvement of sulforaphane in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related complications: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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MicroRNA-150 (miR-150) and Diabetic Retinopathy: Is miR-150 Only a Biomarker or Does It Contribute to Disease Progression? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012099. [PMID: 36292956 PMCID: PMC9603433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a chronic disease associated with diabetes mellitus and is a leading cause of visual impairment among the working population in the US. Clinically, DR has been diagnosed and treated as a vascular complication, but it adversely impacts both neural retina and retinal vasculature. Degeneration of retinal neurons and microvasculature manifests in the diabetic retina and early stages of DR. Retinal photoreceptors undergo apoptosis shortly after the onset of diabetes, which contributes to the retinal dysfunction and microvascular complications leading to vision impairment. Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of diabetes and a contributor to cell apoptosis, and retinal photoreceptors are a major source of intraocular inflammation that contributes to vascular abnormalities in diabetes. As the levels of microRNAs (miRs) are changed in the plasma and vitreous of diabetic patients, miRs have been suggested as biomarkers to determine the progression of diabetic ocular diseases, including DR. However, few miRs have been thoroughly investigated as contributors to the pathogenesis of DR. Among these miRs, miR-150 is downregulated in diabetic patients and is an endogenous suppressor of inflammation, apoptosis, and pathological angiogenesis. In this review, how miR-150 and its downstream targets contribute to diabetes-associated retinal degeneration and pathological angiogenesis in DR are discussed. Currently, there is no effective treatment to stop or reverse diabetes-caused neural and vascular degeneration in the retina. Understanding the molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis of DR may shed light for the future development of more effective treatments for DR and other diabetes-associated ocular diseases.
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13
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Ren J, Zhang S, Pan Y, Jin M, Li J, Luo Y, Sun X, Li G. Diabetic retinopathy: Involved cells, biomarkers, and treatments. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:953691. [PMID: 36016568 PMCID: PMC9396039 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.953691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a leading cause of vision loss and blindness worldwide, is caused by retinal neurovascular unit dysfunction, and its cellular pathology involves at least nine kinds of retinal cells, including photoreceptors, horizontal and bipolar cells, amacrine cells, retinal ganglion cells, glial cells (Müller cells, astrocytes, and microglia), endothelial cells, pericytes, and retinal pigment epithelial cells. Its mechanism is complicated and involves loss of cells, inflammatory factor production, neovascularization, and BRB impairment. However, the mechanism has not been completely elucidated. Drug treatment for DR has been gradually advancing recently. Research on potential drug targets relies upon clear information on pathogenesis and effective biomarkers. Therefore, we reviewed the recent literature on the cellular pathology and the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of DR in terms of blood, protein, and clinical and preclinical drug therapy (including synthesized molecules and natural molecules). This review may provide a theoretical basis for further DR research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Ren
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Kunming, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Meiqi Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Kunming, China
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Luo, ; Xiaobo Sun , ; Guang Li,
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Luo, ; Xiaobo Sun , ; Guang Li,
| | - Guang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Luo, ; Xiaobo Sun , ; Guang Li,
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14
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Liu C, Dong W, Lv Z, Kong L, Ren X. Thioredoxin-interacting protein in diabetic retinal neurodegeneration: A novel potential therapeutic target for diabetic retinopathy. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:957667. [PMID: 36017183 PMCID: PMC9396221 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.957667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and has been considered a microvascular disease for a long time. However, recent evidence suggests that diabetic retinal neurodegeneration (DRN), which manifests as neuronal apoptosis, a decrease in optic nerve axons, and reactive gliosis, occurs prior to retinal microvascular alterations. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is an endogenous inhibitor of thioredoxin (Trx), and it acts by inhibiting its reducing capacity, thereby promoting cellular oxidative stress. In addition, it participates in regulating multiple signaling pathways as a member of the α-arrestin family of proteins. Accumulating evidence suggests that TXNIP is upregulated in diabetes and plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiological process of DR. In this review, we summarized the role of TXNIP in DRN, aiming to provide evidence for DR treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenkang Dong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhengshuai Lv
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengshuai Lv,
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Li Kong,
| | - Xiang Ren
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Xiang Ren,
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15
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Peng Y, Gu T, Zhong T, Xiao Y, Sun Q. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Metabolic Disorders: Opposite Roles of Phytochemicals and Food Contaminants. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Dana AH, Alejandro SP. Role of sulforaphane in endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis through regulation of the antioxidant response. Life Sci 2022; 299:120554. [PMID: 35452639 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the nutraceutical agent sulforaphane (SFN) shows great versatility in turning on different cellular responses. Mainly, this isothiocyanate acts as a master regulator of cellular homeostasis due to its antioxidant response and cytoplasmic, mitochondrial, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein modulation. Even more, SFN acts as an effective strategy to counteract oxidative stress, apoptosis, and ER stress, among others as seen in different injury models. Particularly, ER stress is buffered by the unfolded protein response (UPR) activation, which is the first instance in orchestrating the recovery of ER function. Interestingly, different studies highlight a close interrelationship between ER stress and oxidative stress, two events driven by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This response inevitably perpetuates itself and acts as a vicious cycle that triggers the development of different pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and others. Accordingly, it is vital to target ER stress and oxidative stress to increase the effectiveness of clinical therapies used to treat these diseases. Therefore, our study is focused on the role of SFN in preserving cellular homeostasis balance by regulating the ER stress response through the Nrf2-modulated antioxidant pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arana-Hidalgo Dana
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silva-Palacios Alejandro
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
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17
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Lelyte I, Ahmed Z, Kaja S, Kalesnykas G. Structure-Function Relationships in the Rodent Streptozotocin-Induced Model for Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2022; 38:271-286. [PMID: 35325558 PMCID: PMC9125572 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2021.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rodent model is one of the most commonly employed models in preclinical drug discovery for diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, standardization and validation of experimental readouts are largely lacking. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and compare the most useful readouts of STZ-induced DR and provide recommendations for future study design based on our findings. We performed a systematic search using 2 major databases, PubMed and EMBASE. Only articles describing STZ-induced DR describing both functional and structural readouts were selected. We also assessed the risk of bias and analyzed qualitative data in the selected studies. We identified 21 studies that met our inclusion/exclusion criteria, using either rats or mice and study periods of 2 to 24 weeks. Glucose level thresholds used to define hyperglycemia were inconsistent between studies, however, most studies used either 250 or 300.6 mg/dL as a defining criterion for hyperglycemia. All included studies performed electroretinography (ERG) and reported a reduction in a-, b-, or c-wave and/or oscillatory potential amplitudes. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography, as well as immunohistochemical and histopathological analyses showed reductions in retinal thickness, vascular changes, and presence of inflammation. Risk of bias assessment showed that all studies had a high risk of bias due to lack of reporting or correctly following procedures. Our systematic review highlights that ERG represents the most consistent functional readout in the STZ model. However, due to the high risk of bias, caution must be used when interpreting these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inesa Lelyte
- Research and Development Division, Experimentica Ltd., Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Center for Trauma Sciences Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Kaja
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Experimentica Ltd., Research and Development Division, Forest Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Giedrius Kalesnykas
- Research and Development Division, Experimentica Ltd., Kuopio, Finland.,Experimentica Ltd., Research and Development Division, Vilnius, Lithuania
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18
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Bousquet J, Haahtela T, Blain H, Czarlewski W, Zuberbier T, Bedbrook A, Cruz AA, Fonseca JA, Klimek L, Kuna P, Samolinski B, Valiulis A, Lemaire A, Anto JM. Available and affordable complementary treatments for COVID‐19: From hypothesis to pilot studies and the need for implementation. Clin Transl Allergy 2022; 12:e12127. [PMID: 35344297 PMCID: PMC8967265 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bousquet
- Institute of Allergology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- University Hospital Montpellier Montpellier France
- Allergology and Immunology Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP) Berlin Germany
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Hubert Blain
- Department of Geriatrics Montpellier University Hospital, MUSE Montpellier France
| | | | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Institute of Allergology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Allergology and Immunology Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP) Berlin Germany
| | | | - Alvaro A. Cruz
- Fundaçao ProAR Federal University of Bahia and GARD/WHO Planning Group Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Joao A. Fonseca
- Department of Community Medicine Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS) Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto Porto Portugal
- Patient‐Centred Innovation and Technologies Group (PaCeIT) Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) University of Porto Porto Portugal
- Medicina, EDucaçao, I&D e Avaliaçao Lda (MEDIDA) Porto Portugal
- Imunoalergologia CUF Porto Portugal
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Wiesbaden Germany
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology Wiesbaden Germany
| | - Piotr Kuna
- Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy Barlicki University Hospital Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Boleslaw Samolinski
- Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards, Allergology and Immunology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - Arunas Valiulis
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences Medical Faculty of Vilnius University Vilnius Lithuania
| | | | - Josep M. Anto
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute) Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain
- ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health Barcelona Spain
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19
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Ren X, Lv J, Wang N, Liu J, Gao C, Wu X, Yu Y, Teng Q, Dong W, Kong H, Kong L. Thioredoxin upregulation delays diabetes-induced photoreceptor cell degeneration via AMPK-mediated autophagy and exosome secretion. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 185:109788. [PMID: 35182712 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Autophagy and exosome secretion in photoreceptor and RPE cells play an important role during diabetic retinopathy (DR). Thioredoxin (Trx) upregulation delays diabetes-induced photoreceptor cell degeneration, which the effect of autophagy and exosome secretion on it is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of them on Trx upregulation to delay diabetes-induced photoreceptor cell degeneration and to identify the potential therapy for DR in the future. METHODS Trx-transgenic mice and 661w cell were as models. Retinal function and morphology were evaluated by electroretinography and H&E staining. TUNEL staining was used to evaluate apoptosis. The protein expression was detected by Western blotting. TEM and mRFP-GFP-LC3 method were used to analyze autophagy. RESULTS In vitro and in vivo, Trx upregulation can delay diabetes-induced photoreceptor cell degeneration. Moreover, the expression of LC3 and p62 was decreasing and the expression of Alix and CD63 was increasing after Trx overexpression. However, it was inhibited after AMPK inhibitor treatment. Additionally, secreted exosomes from photoreceptor were phagocytosed by RPE cells to regulate its physiological function. CONCLUSIONS Trx upregulation can delay diabetes-induced photoreceptor cell degeneration via AMPK-mediated autophagy and exosome secretion. Secreted exosomes from photoreceptor cells could be phagocytosed and degraded by RPE cells in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Jinjuan Lv
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Nina Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Jiasu Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, LiaoNing Province, China; The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Chuanzhou Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Qiufeng Teng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Wenkang Dong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Hui Kong
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, LiaoNing Province, China.
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, LiaoNing Province, China.
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20
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Phytochemicals and Their Possible Mechanisms in Managing COVID-19 and Diabetes. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11178163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For the writing of this manuscript, we searched information published from 2000 to 2021, through PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, and Science Direct. Focusing on the effects related to respiratory diseases, in addition to possible direct effects towards SARS-CoV-2, coupled with diabetes. Diabetes is a metabolic disease that is characterized by affecting the function of glucose, in addition to insulin insufficiency. This leads to patients with such pathologies as being at greater risk for developing multiple complications and increase exposure to viruses infections. This is the case of severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 19 (SARS-CoV-2), which gave rise to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), declared an international public health emergency in March of 2020 Currently, several strategies have been applied in order to prevent the majority of the consequences of COVID-19, especially in patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes. Among the possible treatment options, we found that the use of phytochemical compounds has exhibited beneficial effects for the prevention and inhibition of infection by SARS-CoV-2, as well as for the improvement of the manifestations of diabetes.
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21
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Ren X, Lv J, Fu Y, Zhang N, Zhang C, Dong Z, Chudhary M, Zhong S, Kong L, Kong H. Upregulation of thioredoxin contributes to inhibiting diabetic hearing impairment. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 179:109025. [PMID: 34454003 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hair cell reduction was related to diabetes-induced hearing loss. Oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy participate in this process. Thioredoxin (Trx) is a protein with many biological functions which can regulate them. In this study, aiming to clarify protective effect of Trx on diabetic hearing loss and to identify an early potential therapeutic target for diabetic hearing impairment in the future. METHODS Trx transgenic (Tg) mice were used to establish a diabetic model by intraperitoneally injecting streptozotocin (STZ) and with/without SF or PX12 treatment. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) staining was used to evaluate the loss of hair cells. The relative expression of related proteins and genes was detected using western blotting and qRT-PCR. RESULTS In vivo, loss of outer hair cells was observed. However, it can be delayed Trx overexpression. Moreover, the expression of PGC-1α, bcl-2 and LC3 was increased in Tg(+)-DM mice compared with Tg(-)-DM mice. The expression of ASK1, Txnip, GRP78, CHOP and p62 was decreased in Tg(+)-DM mice compared with Tg(-)-DM mice. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of Trx protects diabetes-induced cochlear hair cells reduction. The underlying mechanisms were related to the regulation of ER stress through ASK1 and the mitochondrial pathway or autophagy via Txnip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, LiaoNing Province, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Jinjuan Lv
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Yuzhen Fu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Chenghong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Zhenghao Dong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Maryam Chudhary
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Shiwen Zhong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, LiaoNing Province, China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, LiaoNing Province, China.
| | - Hui Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, LiaoNing Province, China.
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22
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Decreased MicroRNA-150 Exacerbates Neuronal Apoptosis in the Diabetic Retina. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091135. [PMID: 34572320 PMCID: PMC8469350 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a chronic complication associated with diabetes and the number one cause of blindness in working adults in the US. More than 90% of diabetic patients have obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D), and 60% of T2D patients will develop DR. Photoreceptors undergo apoptosis shortly after the onset of diabetes, which contributes to the retinal dysfunction and microvascular complications leading to vision impairment. However, how diabetic insults cause photoreceptor apoptosis remains unclear. In this study, obesity-associated T2D mice and cultured photoreceptors were used to investigate how decreased microRNA-150 (miR-150) and its downstream target were involved in photoreceptor apoptosis. In the T2D retina, miR-150 was decreased with its target ETS-domain transcription factor (ELK1) and phosphorylated ELK1 at threonine 417 (pELK1T417) upregulated. In cultured photoreceptors, treatments with palmitic acid (PA), to mimic a high-fat environment, decreased miR-150 but upregulated ELK1, pELK1T417, and the translocation of pELK1T417 from the cytoplasm to the cell nucleus. Deletion of miR-150 (miR-150-/-) exacerbates T2D- or PA-induced photoreceptor apoptosis. Blocking the expression of ELK1 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) for Elk1 did not rescue PA-induced photoreceptor apoptosis. Translocation of pELK1T417 from cytoplasm-to-nucleus appears to be the key step of diabetic insult-elicited photoreceptor apoptosis.
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23
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Guo J, Xiao F, Ren W, Zhu Y, Du Q, Li Q, Li X. Circular Ribonucleic Acid circFTO Promotes Angiogenesis and Impairs Blood-Retinal Barrier Via Targeting the miR-128-3p/Thioredoxin Interacting Protein Axis in Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:685466. [PMID: 34422901 PMCID: PMC8371555 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.685466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasing attention has been attracted by the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in ocular diseases. Previous study has revealed that circ_0005941 (also known as circFTO, an alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase) was upregulated in the vitreous humor of diabetic retinopathy (DR), while its underlying mechanism in DR remains unknown. Methods: Retinal vascular endothelial cells (RVECs) treated with high glucose (HG) were used to establish the DR cell model. The in vivo assays were conducted using streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. The circular structure and stability of circFTO were identified by Sanger sequencing and RNase R treatment. RT-qPCR analysis was used to detect the RNA expression. The levels of the mRNA-encoded protein thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) or angiogenesis-associated proteins (VEGFA, PDGF, and ANG2) and blood-retinal barrier (BRB)-related proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5) were measured by Western blot. The viability of RVECs was measured using CCK-8 assays. The angiogenesis of RVECs was assessed using tube formation assays in vitro. Endothelial permeability assays were conducted to examine the function of the BRB. The binding between genes was explored using RNA pulldown and luciferase reporter assays. Results: CircFTO was upregulated in HG-treated RVECs. CircFTO deficiency reversed the HG-induced increase in the viability and angiogenesis of RVECs and alleviated HG-mediated impairment of the BRB. MiR-128-3p bound with circFTO and was downregulated in HG-treated RVECs. TXNIP was a downstream target gene of miR-128-3p. TXNIP was highly expressed in the DR cell model. Rescue assays revealed that circFTO promoted angiogenesis and impaired the blood-retinal barrier by upregulating TXNIP. In the DR mouse model, circFTO silencing inhibited angiogenesis and promoted BRB recovery in vivo. Conclusion: CircFTO promotes angiogenesis and impairs the blood-retinal barrier in vitro and in vivo by binding with miR-128-3p to upregulate TXNIP in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiujing Du
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qian Li
- Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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24
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Watanabe R, Ashida H, Kobayashi‐Miura M, Yokota A, Yodoi J. Effect of chronic administration with human thioredoxin-1 transplastomic lettuce on diabetic mice. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4232-4242. [PMID: 34401074 PMCID: PMC8358336 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
SCOPE Human thioredoxin-1 (hTrx-1) is a defensive protein induced by various stresses and exerts antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Previously, we described a transplastomic lettuce overexpressing hTrx-1 that exerts a protective effect against oxidative damage in a pancreatic β-cell line. In this study, we treated diabetic mice (Akita mice) with exogenous hTrx-1 and evaluated the effects. METHODS AND RESULTS Treatment with drinking water and single applications of exogenous hTrx-1 did not influence the feeding, drinking behavior, body weight, blood glucose, or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in Akita mice. However, chronic administration of a 10% hTrx-1 lettuce-containing diet was associated with a significant reduction from the baseline of HbA1c levels compared with mice fed a wild-type lettuce-containing diet. It also resulted in an increased number of goblet cells in the small intestine, indicating that mucus was synthesized and secreted. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that the administration of an hTrx-1 lettuce-containing diet improves the baseline level of HbA1c in Akita mice. This effect is mediated through goblet cell proliferation and possibly related to protection against postprandial hyperglycemia by mucus, which results in the improvement of blood glucose control. These findings suggest that the hTrx-1 lettuce may be a useful tool for the continuous antioxidative and antidiabetic efficacies of the hTrx-1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Watanabe
- Laboratory of Infection and PreventionDepartment of Biological ResponsesInstitute for Virus ResearchKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Human Life SciencesMimasaka UniversityOkayamaJapan
- Nanometorics LaboratoryDepartment of MicroengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Present address:
Institute for Frontier Life and Medical SciencesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hiroki Ashida
- Graduate School of Biological SciencesNara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)NaraJapan
- Graduate School of Human Development and EnvironmentKobe UniversityKobe CityJapan
- Present address:
Institute for Frontier Life and Medical SciencesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Mikiko Kobayashi‐Miura
- Laboratory of Infection and PreventionDepartment of Biological ResponsesInstitute for Virus ResearchKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of BiochemistryShimane University Faculty of MedicineShimaneJapan
- Present address:
Institute for Frontier Life and Medical SciencesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Akiho Yokota
- Graduate School of Biological SciencesNara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)NaraJapan
- Present address:
Institute for Frontier Life and Medical SciencesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Junji Yodoi
- Laboratory of Infection and PreventionDepartment of Biological ResponsesInstitute for Virus ResearchKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Present address:
Institute for Frontier Life and Medical SciencesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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25
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Zhang X, Zhao S, Yuan Q, Zhu L, Li F, Wang H, Kong D, Hao J. TXNIP, a novel key factor to cause Schwann cell dysfunction in diabetic peripheral neuropathy, under the regulation of PI3K/Akt pathway inhibition-induced DNMT1 and DNMT3a overexpression. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:642. [PMID: 34162834 PMCID: PMC8222353 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the dysfunction of Schwann cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DPN. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is known as an inhibitor of thioredoxin and associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. However, whether TXNIP is involved in dysfunction of Schwann cells of DPN and the exact mechanism is still not known. In this study, we first reported that TXNIP expression was significantly increased in the sciatic nerves of diabetic mice, accompanied by abnormal electrophysiological indexes and myelin sheath structure. Similarly, in vitro cultured Schwann cells TXNIP was evidently enhanced by high glucose stimulation. Again, the function experiment found that knockdown of TXNIP in high glucose-treated RSC96 cells led to a 4.12 times increase of LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and a 25.94% decrease of cleaved caspase 3/total caspase 3 ratio. Then, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5-Aza has been reported to benefit Schwann cell in DPN, and here 5-Aza treatment reduced TXNIP protein expression, improved autophagy and inhibited apoptosis in high glucose-treated RSC96 cells and the sciatic nerves of diabetic mice. Furthermore, DNMT1 and DNMT3a upregulation were found to be involved in TXNIP overexpression in high glucose-stimulated RSC96 cells. Silencing of DNMT1 and DNMT3a effectively reversed high glucose-enhanced TXNIP. Moreover, high glucose-inhibited PI3K/Akt pathway led to DNMT1, DNMT3a, and TXNIP upregulation in RSC96 cells. Knockdown of DNMT1 and DNMT3a prevented PI3K/Akt pathway inhibition-caused TXNIP upregulation in RSC96 cells. Finally, in vivo knockout of TXNIP improved nerve conduction function, increased autophagosome and LC3 expression, and decreased cleaved Caspase 3 and Bax expression in diabetic mice. Taken together, PI3K/Akt pathway inhibition mediated high glucose-induced DNMT1 and DNMT3a overexpression, leading to cell autophagy inhibition and apoptosis via TXNIP protein upregulation in Schwann cells of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingqing Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Electromyogram, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dezhi Kong
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institution of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Jun Hao
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
- Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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26
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Chudhary M, Zhang C, Song S, Ren X, Kong L. Ginkgo biloba delays light-induced photoreceptor degeneration through antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:576. [PMID: 33850548 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intense exposure to artificial bright light increases the risk of retinal damage resulting in blurred vision and blindness. Long-term exposure to bright light elevates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, which results in photoreceptor cell degeneration. However, to the best of our knowledge, the molecular mechanism associated with light-induced retinopathy remains unclear. In the present study, the mechanisms involved in light-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis were investigated along with the protective effects of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) in photoreceptor cell degeneration. EGb 761 was administered to mice at a dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg for 7 days prior to exposure to bright light (5,000 lux for 24 h). Furthermore, photoreceptor cell disorders were evaluated using electroretinogram (ERG) and H&E staining analyses. The expression levels of antioxidant genes and proteins ERK, thioredoxin (Trx) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and the induction of apoptosis cytochrome c (Cyc), cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. ERG and histological analysis revealed that exposure to bright light induced functional and morphological changes to the photoreceptor cells. Exposure to bright light increased the levels of Cyc, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, and decreased the levels of phosphorylated (p-) Erk, Nrf-2 and thioredoxin (Trx). However, treatment of mice with EGb 761 increased the expression levels of antiapoptotic (Bcl-2) and antioxidant (p-Erk, Trx and Nrf-2) proteins and decreased the expression levels of the apoptotic genes (Cyc, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax). Based on these findings, the present study suggested that prolonged exposure to light induces photoreceptor cell degeneration, where EGb 761 treatment may serve a therapeutic effect on the development of photoreceptor cell degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Chudhary
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Chenghong Zhang
- Teaching Laboratory of Morphology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Song
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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Ai X, Yu P, Hou Y, Song X, Luo J, Li N, Lai X, Wang X, Meng X. A review of traditional Chinese medicine on treatment of diabetic retinopathy and involved mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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28
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Novel fluorinated derivative of curcumin negatively regulates thioredoxin-interacting protein expression in retinal pigment epithelial and macrophage cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:668-674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Aragonès G, Rowan S, G Francisco S, Yang W, Weinberg J, Taylor A, Bejarano E. Glyoxalase System as a Therapeutic Target against Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111062. [PMID: 33143048 PMCID: PMC7692619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, a defining characteristic of diabetes, combined with oxidative stress, results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are toxic compounds that have adverse effects on many tissues including the retina and lens. AGEs promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, in turn, boost the production of AGEs, resulting in positive feedback loops, a vicious cycle that compromises tissue fitness. Oxidative stress and the accumulation of AGEs are etiologically associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases including diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is a devastating microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. The onset and development of DR is multifactorial. Lowering AGEs accumulation may represent a potential therapeutic approach to slow this sight-threatening diabetic complication. To set DR in a physiological context, in this review we first describe relations between oxidative stress, formation of AGEs, and aging in several tissues of the eye, each of which is associated with a major age-related eye pathology. We summarize mechanisms of AGEs generation and anti-AGEs detoxifying systems. We specifically feature the potential of the glyoxalase system in the retina in the prevention of AGEs-associated damage linked to DR. We provide a comparative analysis of glyoxalase activity in different tissues from wild-type mice, supporting a major role for the glyoxalase system in the detoxification of AGEs in the retina, and present the manipulation of this system as a therapeutic strategy to prevent the onset of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Aragonès
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Sheldon Rowan
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02155, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA
| | - Sarah G Francisco
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Wenxin Yang
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Jasper Weinberg
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Allen Taylor
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02155, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (E.B.); Tel.: +617-556-3156 (A.T.)
| | - Eloy Bejarano
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
- Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (E.B.); Tel.: +617-556-3156 (A.T.)
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