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Conesa HM, Párraga-Aguado IM, Jiménez FJ, Querejeta JI. Evaluation of the trade-off between water use efficiency and nutrient use efficiency in two semiarid coniferous tree species growing on an organic amended metalliferous mine tailing substrate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173607. [PMID: 38825195 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
We evaluated the ecophysiological responses of two semiarid coniferous tree species, Pinus halepensis and Tetraclinis articulata, growing on a nutrient-poor metalliferous mine tailings substrate to organic amendments (biochar and/or organic municipal waste). The trees were grown in mesocosms under irrigated conditions for 20 months. Then, a comprehensive characterization of soil and plant parameters (including stable isotopes) was carried out. Treatments containing municipal waste showed better soil fertility indicators (approximately 2-fold higher organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations) and higher plant biomass (up to 5-fold higher) than unamended and only biochar treatments. Trees in most of the treatments exhibited leaf N/P ratios <14 indicating severe N limitation of plant growth. Metal uptake was below phytotoxic levels across all the treatments. Leaf δ13C values correlated positively with δ18O across treatments for both species indicating increasing water use efficiency with tighter stomatal regulation of water flux, and with T. articulata exhibiting tighter stomatal control (higher δ18O values) than P. halepensis. Trees in treatments containing only biochar did not differ in ecophysiological performance from those in the unamended treatments. In contrast, leaf stable isotopes revealed sharply increased of time-integrated photosynthetic activity (favoured by higher leaf N concentrations) combined with lower time-integrated stomatal conductance in the treatments containing municipal waste, indicating greatly enhanced water use efficiency in better nourished plants. Trade-offs between water use efficiency and nutrient (N and P) use efficiency were evident across treatments, with higher leaf nutrient concentrations associated with higher water use efficiency, at the cost of a lower nutrient use efficiency. These trade-offs were not impaired by the high metal concentrations of the tailings substrate, indicating that ecophysiological adjustments in response to changes in plant nutrient status promoted by the addition of organic amendments are critical for the adaptability of native tree species employed in the phytostabilisation of mine tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor M Conesa
- Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.
| | - Isabel M Párraga-Aguado
- Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; IES Juan Sebastián Elcano, Carretera de Tentegorra, s/n, 30205 Cartagena, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Jiménez
- BIOCYMA, Consultora en Medio Ambiente y Calidad, S.L. Calle Azarbe del Papel, 10, 30007 Murcia, Spain.
| | - José-Ignacio Querejeta
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Agarwal K, Mehta SK, Mondal PK. Unveiling nutrient flow-mediated stress in plant roots using an on-chip phytofluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3775-3789. [PMID: 38952240 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00180j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The initial emergence of the primary root from a germinating seed is a pivotal phase that influences a plant's survival. Abiotic factors such as pH, nutrient availability, and soil composition significantly affect root morphology and architecture. Of particular interest is the impact of nutrient flow on thigmomorphogenesis, a response to mechanical stimulation in early root growth, which remains largely unexplored. This study explores the intricate factors influencing early root system development, with a focus on the cooperative correlation between nutrient uptake and its flow dynamics. Using a physiologically as well as ecologically relevant, portable, and cost-effective microfluidic system for the controlled fluid environments offering hydraulic conductivity comparable to that of the soil, this study analyzes the interplay between nutrient flow and root growth post-germination. Emphasizing the relationship between root growth and nitrogen uptake, the findings reveal that nutrient flow significantly influences early root morphology, leading to increased length and improved nutrient uptake, varying with the flow rate. The experimental findings are supported by mechanical and plant stress-related fluid flow-root interaction simulations and quantitative determination of nitrogen uptake using the total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) method. The microfluidic approach offers novel insights into plant root dynamics under controlled flow conditions, filling a critical research gap. By providing a high-resolution platform, this study contributes to the understanding of how fluid-flow-assisted nutrient uptake and pressure affect root cell behavior, which, in turn, induces mechanical stress leading to thigmomorphogenesis. The findings hold implications for comprehending root responses to changing environmental conditions, paving the way for innovative agricultural and environmental management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal Agarwal
- School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
| | - Sumit Kumar Mehta
- Microfluidics and Microscale Transport Processes Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Mondal
- School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
- Microfluidics and Microscale Transport Processes Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India
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3
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Sell M, Rohula-Okunev G, Kupper P, Ostonen I. Adapting to climate change: responses of fine root traits and C exudation in five tree species with different light-use strategy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1389569. [PMID: 39086915 PMCID: PMC11289846 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1389569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Trees that are categorised by their light requirements have similarities in their growth strategies and adaptation mechanisms. We aimed to understand the complex responses of elevated air humidity on whole tree fine root carbon (C) exudation (ExC) and respiration rate, morphology, and functional distribution in species with different light requirements. Three light-demanding (LD) species, Populus × wettsteinii, Betula pendula, and Pinus sylvestris, and two shade-tolerant species, Picea abies and Tilia cordata saplings were grown in growth chambers under moderate and elevated air relative humidity (eRH) at two different inorganic nitrogen sources with constant air temperature and light availability. The proportion of assimilated carbon released by ExC, and respiration decreased at eRH; up to about 3 and 27%, respectively. There was an indication of a trade-off between fine root released C and biomass allocation. The elevated air humidity changed the tree biomass allocation and fine root morphology, and the responses were species-specific. The specific fine root area and absorptive root proportion were positively related to canopy net photosynthesis and leaf nitrogen concentration across tree species. The variation in ExC was explained by the trees' light-use strategy (p < 0.05), showing higher exudation rates in LD species. The LD species had a higher proportion of pioneer root tips, which related to the enhanced ExC. Our findings highlight the significant role of fine root functional distribution and morphological adaptation in determining rhizosphere C fluxes in changing environmental conditions such as the predicted increase of air humidity in higher latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marili Sell
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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4
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Lehmann MM, Schuler P, Werner RA, Saurer M, Wiesenberg GLB, Cormier MA. Biochemical and biophysical drivers of the hydrogen isotopic composition of carbohydrates and acetogenic lipids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl3591. [PMID: 38985863 PMCID: PMC11235168 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl3591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The hydrogen isotopic composition (δ2H) of plant compounds is increasingly used as a hydroclimatic proxy; however, the interpretation of δ2H values is hampered by potential coeffecting biochemical and biophysical processes. Here, we studied δ2H values of water and carbohydrates in leaves and roots, and of leaf n-alkanes, in two distinct tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris) experiments. Large differences in plant performance and biochemistry resulted from (a) soil fertilization with varying nitrogen (N) species ratios and (b) knockout-induced starch deficiency. We observed a strong 2H-enrichment in sugars and starch with a decreasing performance induced by increasing NO3-/NH4+ ratios and starch deficiency, as well as from leaves to roots. However, δ2H values of cellulose and n-alkanes were less affected. We show that relative concentrations of sugars and starch, interlinked with leaf gas exchange, shape δ2H values of carbohydrates. We thus provide insights into drivers of hydrogen isotopic composition of plant compounds and into the mechanistic modeling of plant cellulose δ2H values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Lehmann
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schuler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roland A Werner
- D-USYS-Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Guido L B Wiesenberg
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc-André Cormier
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK
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5
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Wdowiak A, Kryzheuskaya K, Podgórska A, Paterczyk B, Zebrowski J, Archacki R, Szal B. Ammonium nutrition modifies cellular calcium distribution influencing ammonium-induced growth inhibition. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 298:154264. [PMID: 38744182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Proper plant growth requires balanced nutrient levels. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between ammonium (NH4+) nutrition and calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis in the leaf tissues of wild-type and mutant Arabidopsis specimens provided with different nitrogen sources (NH4+ and nitrate, NO3-). Providing plants with NH4+ as the sole nitrogen source disrupts Ca2+ homeostasis, which is essential for activating signaling pathways and maintaining the cell wall structure. The results revealed that the lower Ca2+ content in Arabidopsis leaves under NH4+ stress might result from reduced transpiration pull, which could impair root-to-shoot Ca2+ transport. Moreover, NH4+ nutrition increased the expression of genes encoding proteins responsible for exporting Ca2+ from the cytosol of leaf cells. Furthermore, overexpression of the Ca2+/H+ antiporter 1 (CAX1) gene alleviates the effects of NH4+ syndrome, including stunted growth. The oeCAX1 plants, characterized by a lower apoplastic Ca2+ level, grew better under NH4+ stress than wild-type plants. Evaluation of the mechanical properties of the leaf blades, including stiffness, strength, toughness, and extensibility, showed that the wild-type and oeCAX1 plants responded differently to the nitrogen source, highlighting the role of cell wall metabolism in inhibiting the growth of NH4+-stressed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Wdowiak
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katsiaryna Kryzheuskaya
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Podgórska
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bohdan Paterczyk
- Imaging Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Zebrowski
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1 St, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Rafał Archacki
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Szal
- Department of Plant Bioenergetics, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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6
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de Celis M, Fernández-Alonso MJ, Belda I, García C, Ochoa-Hueso R, Palomino J, Singh BK, Yin Y, Wang JT, Abdala-Roberts L, Alfaro FD, Angulo-Pérez D, Arthikala MK, Corwin J, Gui-Lan D, Hernandez-Lopez A, Nanjareddy K, Pasari B, Quijano-Medina T, Rivera DS, Shaaf S, Trivedi P, Yang Q, Zaady E, Zhu YG, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Milla R, García-Palacios P. The abundant fraction of soil microbiomes regulates the rhizosphere function in crop wild progenitors. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14462. [PMID: 39031813 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The rhizosphere influence on the soil microbiome and function of crop wild progenitors (CWPs) remains virtually unknown, despite its relevance to develop microbiome-oriented tools in sustainable agriculture. Here, we quantified the rhizosphere influence-a comparison between rhizosphere and bulk soil samples-on bacterial, fungal, protists and invertebrate communities and on soil multifunctionality across nine CWPs at their sites of origin. Overall, rhizosphere influence was higher for abundant taxa across the four microbial groups and had a positive influence on rhizosphere soil organic C and nutrient contents compared to bulk soils. The rhizosphere influence on abundant soil microbiomes was more important for soil multifunctionality than rare taxa and environmental conditions. Our results are a starting point towards the use of CWPs for rhizosphere engineering in modern crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de Celis
- Departamento de Suelo, Planta y Calidad Ambiental, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Fernández-Alonso
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Departamento de Geología y Geoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Belda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos García
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Raúl Ochoa-Hueso
- Department of Biology, IVAGRO, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Javier Palomino
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Tao Wang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Fernando D Alfaro
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Angulo-Pérez
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Manoj-Kumar Arthikala
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Jason Corwin
- Microbiome Network and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Duan Gui-Lan
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Antonio Hernandez-Lopez
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Kalpana Nanjareddy
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Babak Pasari
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Teresa Quijano-Medina
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Daniela S Rivera
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Salar Shaaf
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Microbiome Network and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Qingwen Yang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Eli Zaady
- Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, Mobile Post Negev, Israel
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rubén Milla
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Palacios
- Departamento de Suelo, Planta y Calidad Ambiental, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Xiao Y, Yang D, Zhang SB, Mo YX, Dong YY, Wang KF, He LY, Dong B, Dossa GGO, Zhang JL. Nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing legume plants differ in leaf nutrient concentrations and relationships between photosynthetic and hydraulic traits. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae048. [PMID: 38691446 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Legumes account for a significant proportion of plants in the terrestrial ecosystems. Nitrogen (N)-fixing capability of certain legumes is a pivotal trait that contributes to their ecological dominance. Yet, the functional traits and trait relationships between N-fixer and non-N-fixer legumes are poorly understood. Here, we investigated 27 functional traits associated with morphology, nutrients, hydraulic conductance and photosynthesis in 42 woody legumes (19 N-fixers and 23 non-N-fixers) in a common garden. Our results showed that N-fixers had higher specific leaf area, photosynthetic phosphorus (P)-use efficiency, leaf N, and iron concentrations on both area and mass basis, N/P ratio, and carbon (C) to P ratio, but lower wood density, area-based maximum photosynthetic rate (Aa), photosynthetic N-use efficiency, leaf mass- and area-based P and molybdenum and area-based boron concentrations, and C/N ratio, compared with non-N-fixers. The mass-based maximum photosynthetic rate (Am), stomatal conductance (gs), intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi), mass- and area-based leaf potassium and mass-based boron concentrations, leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf), and whole-shoot hydraulic conductance (Kshoot) showed no difference between N-fixers and non-N-fixers. Significant positive associations between all hydraulic and photosynthetic trait pairs were found in N-fixers, but only one pair (Kshoot-Aa) in non-N-fixers, suggesting that hydraulic conductance plays a more important role in mediating photosynthetic capacity in N-fixers compared with non-N-fixers. Higher mass-based leaf N was linked to lower time-integrated gs and higher WUEi among non-N-fixer legumes or all legumes pooled after phylogeny was considered. Moreover, mass-based P concentration was positively related to Am and gs in N-fixers, but not in non-N-fixers, indicating that the photosynthetic capacity and stomatal conductance in N-fixers were more dependent on leaf P status than in non-N-fixers. These findings expand our understanding of the trait-based ecology within and across N-fixer and non-N-fixer legumes in tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Wakehurst, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK
| | - Da Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Shu-Bin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Mo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Yi-Yi Dong
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Ke-Fei Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Puer University, Puer, Yunnan 665000, China
| | - Ling-Yun He
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Bing Dong
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Dyers Brae, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Gbadamassi G O Dossa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
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8
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Yasmeen T, Arif MS, Tariq M, Akhtar S, Syrish A, Haidar W, Rizwan M, Hussain MI, Ahmad A, Ali S. Biofilm producing plant growth promoting bacteria in combination with glycine betaine uplift drought stress tolerance of maize plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1327552. [PMID: 38405588 PMCID: PMC10884199 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1327552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The escalating threat of drought poses a significant challenge to sustainable food production and human health, as water scarcity adversely impacts various aspects of plant physiology. Maize, a cornerstone in staple cereal crops, faces the formidable challenge of drought stress that triggers a series of transformative responses in the plant. Methods The present study was carried out in two sets of experiments. In first experiment, drought stress was applied after maintaining growth for 45 days and then irrigation was skipped, and plant samples were collected at 1st, 3rd and 6th day of drought interval for evaluation of changes in plant growth, water relation (relative water content) and antioxidants activity by inoculating indigenously isolated drought tolerant biofilm producing rhizobacterial isolates (Bacillus subtilis SRJ4, Curtobacterium citreum MJ1). In the second experiment, glycine betaine was applied as osmoregulator in addition to drought tolerant PGPR to perceive modulation in photosynthetic pigments (Chlorophyll a and b) and plant growth under varying moisture stress levels (100, 75 and 50% FC). Results and discussion Results of the study revealed upsurge in root and shoot length, fresh and dry biomass of root and shoot besides increasing chlorophyll contents in water stressed inoculated plants compared to uninoculated plants. Glycine betaine application resulted in an additional boost to plant growth and photosynthetic pigments, when applied in combination with bacterial inoculants. However, both bacterial inoculants behaved differently under drought stress as evident from their biochemical and physiological attributes. Isolate SRJ4 proved to be superior for its potential to express antioxidant activity, leaf water potential and relative water contents and drought responsive gene expression while isolate MJ1 showed exclusive increase in root dry biomass and plant P contents. Though it is quite difficult to isolate the bacterial isolates having both plant growth promoting traits and drought tolerance together yet, such biological resources could be an exceptional option to be applied for improving crop productivity and sustainable agriculture under abiotic stresses. By exploring the combined application of PGPR and glycine betaine, the study seeks to provide insights into potential strategies for developing sustainable agricultural practices aimed at improving crop resilience under challenging environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Yasmeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Arif
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Tariq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Akhtar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Afira Syrish
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Haidar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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9
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Muraleedharan V, Rajan SC, R J. Geometric entropy of plant leaves: A measure of morphological complexity. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293596. [PMID: 38166118 PMCID: PMC10760904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Shape is an objective characteristic of an object. A boundary separates a physical object from its surroundings. It defines the shape and regulates energy flux into and from an object. Visual perception of a definite shape (geometry) of physical objects is an abstraction. While the perceived geometry at an object's sharp interface (macro) creates a Euclidian illusion of actual shape, the notion of diffuse interfaces (micro) allows an understanding of the realistic form of objects. Here, we formulate a dimensionless geometric entropy of plant leaves (SL) by a 2-D description of a phase-field function. We applied this method to 112 tropical plant leaf images. SL was estimated from the leaf perimeter (P) and leaf area (A). It correlates positively with a fractal dimensional measure of leaf complexity, viz., segmental fractal complexity. Leaves with a higher P: A ratio have higher SL and possess complex morphology. The univariate cluster analysis of SL reveals the taxonomic relationship among the leaf shapes at the genus level. An increase in SL of plant leaves could be an evolutionary strategy. The results of morphological complexity presented in this paper will trigger discussion on the causal links between leaf adaptive stability/efficiency and complexity. We present SL as a derived plant trait to describe plant leaf complexity and adaptive stability. Integrating SL into other leaf physiological measures will help to understand the dynamics of energy flow between plants and their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Muraleedharan
- C V Raman Laboratory of Ecological Informatics, Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management—Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
- Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India
- Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology, Technopark Phase—IV, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sajeev C. Rajan
- C V Raman Laboratory of Ecological Informatics, Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management—Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
- Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology, Technopark Phase—IV, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Jaishanker R
- C V Raman Laboratory of Ecological Informatics, Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management—Kerala, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
- Kerala University of Digital Sciences, Innovation and Technology, Technopark Phase—IV, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, Bihar, India
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10
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Hu J, Zheng Q, Dong C, Liang Z, Tian Z, Dai T. Enhanced Stomatal Conductance Supports Photosynthesis in Wheat to Improved NH 4+ Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:86. [PMID: 38202394 PMCID: PMC10780695 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The impact of ammonium (NH4+) stress on plant growth varies across species and cultivars, necessitating an in-depth exploration of the underlying response mechanisms. This study delves into elucidating the photosynthetic responses and differences in tolerance to NH4+ stress by investigating the effects on two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Xumai25 (NH4+-less sensitive) and Yangmai20 (NH4+-sensitive). The cultivars were grown under hydroponic conditions with either sole ammonium nitrogen (NH4+, AN) or nitrate nitrogen (NO3-, NN) as the nitrogen source. NH4+ stress exerted a profound inhibitory effect on seedling growth and photosynthesis in wheat. However, these effects were less pronounced in Xumai25 than in Yangmai20. Dynamic photosynthetic analysis revealed that the suppression in photosynthesis was primarily attributed to stomatal limitation associated with a decrease in leaf water status and osmotic potential. Compared to Yangmai20, Xumai25 exhibited a significantly higher leaf K+ concentration and TaAKT1 upregulation, leading to a stronger stomatal opening and, consequently, a better photosynthetic performance under NH4+ stress. In conclusion, our study suggested stomatal limitation as the primary factor restricting photosynthesis under NH4+ stress. Furthermore, we demonstrated that improved regulation of osmotic substances contributed to higher stomatal conductance and enhanced photosynthetic performance in Xumai25.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (J.H.); (Q.Z.); (C.D.); (Z.L.); (Z.T.)
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11
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Hai X, Shangguan Z, Peng C, Deng L. Leaf trait responses to global change factors in terrestrial ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165572. [PMID: 37454860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Global change influences plant growth by affecting plant morphology and physiology. However, the effects of global change factors vary based on the climate gradient. Here, we established a global database of leaf traits from 192 experiments on elevated CO2 concentrations (eCO2), drought, N deposition, and warming. The results showed that the leaf mass per area (LMA) significantly increased under eCO2 and drought conditions but decreased with N deposition, whereas eCO2 levels and drought conditions reduced stomatal conductance and increased and decreased photosynthetic rates, respectively. Leaf dark respiration (Rd) increased in response to global change, excluding N deposition. Leaf N concentrations declined with eCO2 but increased with N deposition. Leaf area increased with eCO2, N deposition, and warming but decreased with drought. Leaf thickness increased with eCO2 but decreased with warming. eCO2 and N deposition enhanced plant water-use efficiency (WUE), eCO2 and warming increased photosynthetic N-use efficiency (PNUE), while N fertilization reduced PNUE significantly. eCO2 produced a positive relationship between WUE and PNUE, which were limited under drought but increased in areas with high humidity and high temperature. Trade-offs were observed between WUE and PNUE under drought, N deposition, and warming. These findings suggest that the effects of global change factors on plants can be altered by complex environmental changes; moreover, diverse plant water and nutrient strategy responses can be interpreted against the background of their functional traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhouping Shangguan
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- Center of CEF/ESCER, Department of Biological Science, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of low-carbon green Agriculture in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
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12
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Brazel AJ, Fattorini R, McCarthy J, Franzen R, Rümpler F, Coupland G, Ó’Maoiléidigh DS. AGAMOUS mediates timing of guard cell formation during gynoecium development. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011000. [PMID: 37819989 PMCID: PMC10593234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, stomata are composed of two guard cells that control the aperture of a central pore to facilitate gas exchange between the plant and its environment, which is particularly important during photosynthesis. Although leaves are the primary photosynthetic organs of flowering plants, floral organs are also photosynthetically active. In the Brassicaceae, evidence suggests that silique photosynthesis is important for optimal seed oil content. A group of transcription factors containing MADS DNA binding domains is necessary and sufficient to confer floral organ identity. Elegant models, such as the ABCE model of flower development and the floral quartet model, have been instrumental in describing the molecular mechanisms by which these floral organ identity proteins govern flower development. However, we lack a complete understanding of how the floral organ identity genes interact with the underlying leaf development program. Here, we show that the MADS domain transcription factor AGAMOUS (AG) represses stomatal development on the gynoecial valves, so that maturation of stomatal complexes coincides with fertilization. We present evidence that this regulation by AG is mediated by direct transcriptional repression of a master regulator of the stomatal lineage, MUTE, and show data that suggests this interaction is conserved among several members of the Brassicaceae. This work extends our understanding of the mechanisms underlying floral organ formation and provides a framework to decipher the mechanisms that control floral organ photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailbhe J. Brazel
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Ireland
- The Max Plank Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Róisín Fattorini
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, The University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jesse McCarthy
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, The University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rainer Franzen
- The Max Plank Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Rümpler
- Department of Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - George Coupland
- The Max Plank Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Diarmuid S. Ó’Maoiléidigh
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Ireland
- The Max Plank Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, The University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
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13
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Li X, Zhang P, Liu J, Wang H, Liu J, Li H, Xie H, Wang Q, Li L, Zhang S, Huang L, Liu C, Qin P. Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of the Quinoa Seedling Response to High Relative Humidity Stress. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1352. [PMID: 37759752 PMCID: PMC10527060 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa is of great interest because it is cold- and drought-resistant; however, little research has been performed on quinoa under high relative humidity (RH) stress. In this study, quinoa seedlings of a highly HR-resistant variety ("Dianli-439") and a sensitive variety ("Dianli-969") were subjected to morphological and physiological measurements and metabolome and transcriptome analyses to investigate their response to high RH stress. In total, 1060 metabolites were detected, and lipids and flavonoids were the most abundant, with 173 and 167 metabolites, respectively. In total, 13,095 differentially expressed genes were identified, and the results showed that abscisic acid, auxin, and jasmonic-acid-related genes involved in plant hormone signaling may be involved in the response of quinoa seedlings to high RH stress. The analysis of the transcription factors revealed that the AP2/ERF family may also play an important role in the response to high RH stress. We identified the possible regulatory mechanisms of the hormone signaling pathways under high RH stress. Our findings can provide a basis for the selection and identification of highly resistant quinoa varieties and the screening of the metabolite-synthesis- and gene-regulation-related mechanisms in quinoa in response to RH stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Jia Liu
- Yuxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Yuxi 653100, China;
| | - Hongxin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Junna Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Hanxue Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Heng Xie
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Qianchao Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Li Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Shan Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Liubin Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Chenghong Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Peng Qin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
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14
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Simanjuntak C, Gaiser T, Ahrends HE, Ceglar A, Singh M, Ewert F, Srivastava AK. Impact of climate extreme events and their causality on maize yield in South Africa. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12462. [PMID: 37528122 PMCID: PMC10393995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38921-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Extreme climate events can have a significant negative impact on maize productivity, resulting in food scarcity and socioeconomic losses. Thus, quantifying their effect is needed for developing future adaptation and mitigation strategies, especially for countries relying on maize as a staple crop, such as South Africa. While several studies have analyzed the impact of climate extremes on maize yields in South Africa, little is known on the quantitative contribution of combined extreme events to maize yield variability and the causality link of extreme events. This study uses existing stress indices to investigate temporal and spatial patterns of heatwaves, drought, and extreme precipitation during maize growing season between 1986/87 and 2015/16 for South Africa provinces and at national level and quantifies their contribution to yield variability. A causal discovery algorithm was applied to investigate the causal relationship among extreme events. At the province and national levels, heatwaves and extreme precipitation showed no significant trend. However, drought severity increased in several provinces. The modified Combined Stress Index (CSIm) model showed that the maize yield nationwide was associated with drought events (explaining 25% of maize yield variability). Heatwaves has significant influence on maize yield variability (35%) in Free State. In North West province, the maize yield variability (46%) was sensitive to the combination of drought and extreme precipitation. The causal analysis suggests that the occurrence of heatwaves intensified drought, while a causal link between heatwaves and extreme precipitation was not detected. The presented findings provide a deeper insight into the sensitivity of yield data to climate extremes and serve as a basis for future studies on maize yield anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Simanjuntak
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Thomas Gaiser
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hella Ellen Ahrends
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Koetilantie 5, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrej Ceglar
- Climate Change Centre of the European Central Bank, Sonnemannstrasse 20, 60314, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Manmeet Singh
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, India
| | - Frank Ewert
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Amit Kumar Srivastava
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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15
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An S, Shi B, Jiang M, Fu B, Song C, Tao P, Shang W, Deng T. Biological and Bioinspired Thermal Energy Regulation and Utilization. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37162476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The regulation and utilization of thermal energy is increasingly important in modern society due to the growing demand for heating and cooling in applications ranging from buildings, to cooling high power electronics, and from personal thermal management to the pursuit of renewable thermal energy technologies. Over billions of years of natural selection, biological organisms have evolved unique mechanisms and delicate structures for efficient and intelligent regulation and utilization of thermal energy. These structures also provide inspiration for developing advanced thermal engineering materials and systems with extraordinary performance. In this review, we summarize research progress in biological and bioinspired thermal energy materials and technologies, including thermal regulation through insulation, radiative cooling, evaporative cooling and camouflage, and conversion and utilization of thermal energy from solar thermal radiation and biological bodies for vapor/electricity generation, temperature/infrared sensing, and communication. Emphasis is placed on introducing bioinspired principles, identifying key bioinspired structures, revealing structure-property-function relationships, and discussing promising and implementable bioinspired strategies. We also present perspectives on current challenges and outlook for future research directions. We anticipate that this review will stimulate further in-depth research in biological and bioinspired thermal energy materials and technologies, and help accelerate the growth of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun An
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Boning Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Modi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Benwei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chengyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wen Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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16
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Huang X, Lu Z, Xu X, Wan F, Liao J, Wang J. Global distributions of foliar nitrogen and phosphorus resorption in forest ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:162075. [PMID: 36758701 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient resorption is an important mechanism for nutrient conservation and can maintain ecosystem stoichiometry. Here, we examined the global-scale variation of nitrogen resorption efficiency (NRE) and phosphorus resorption efficiency (PRE) by analyzing observations from 218 published papers. We used Pagel's λ to test the phylogenetic limitation on NRE and PRE and applied the random forest model to assess biotic and abiotic drivers, which included climate, soil, species characteristics, and topographical factors, and predicted the global NRE and PRE distributions. We found that NRE and PRE had oppositing trends among climatic zones, plant functional groups, and foliar nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) ratios. Nutrient resorption was higher in ectomycorrhizal trees than in arbuscular mycorrhizal trees. Moreover, foliar NRE and PRE were not linked to phylogeny. On average, the random forest overall explained 38 % (21 %-55 %) variation in NRE and 36 % (16 %-55 %) variation in PRE. Both NRE and PRE varied greatly with climate and soil organic carbon (SOC). The spatial variation of NRE and PRE was coupled to N-limitation and P-limitation, respectively. Our evaluation of the factors that influenced NRE and PRE and their global distributions, and our novel approach for evaluating plant utilization of nutrients, advances our understanding of the relative stability of ecosystem randomness in forest ecosystems and the global forest nutrient cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhao Huang
- School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Zhouying Lu
- School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoniu Xu
- School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Fangfang Wan
- School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jiaqiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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17
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Iqbal A, Huiping G, Qiang D, Xiangru W, Hengheng Z, Xiling Z, Meizhen S. Differential responses of contrasting low phosphorus tolerant cotton genotypes under low phosphorus and drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:168. [PMID: 36997867 PMCID: PMC10061777 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is one of the main reasons for low phosphorus (P) solubility and availability. AIMS The use of low P tolerant cotton genotypes might be a possible option to grow in drought conditions. METHODS This study investigates the tolerance to drought stress in contrasting low P-tolerant cotton genotypes (Jimian169; strong tolerant to low P and DES926; weak tolerant to low P). In hydroponic culture, the drought was artificially induced with 10% PEG in both cotton genotypes followed by low (0.01 mM KH2PO4) and normal (1 mM KH2PO4) P application. RESULTS The results showed that under low P, PEG-induced drought greatly inhibited growth, dry matter production, photosynthesis, P use efficiency, and led to oxidative stress from excessive malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and these effects were more in DES926 than Jimian169. Moreover, Jimian169 alleviated oxidative damage by improving the antioxidant system, photosynthetic activities, and an increase in the levels of osmoprotectants like free amino acids, total soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, and proline. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that the low P-tolerant cotton genotype can tolerate drought conditions through high photosynthesis, antioxidant capacity, and osmotic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China
- Department of Agriculture, Hazara University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Gui Huiping
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Xiangru
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China
| | - Zhang Hengheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Xiling
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China.
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China.
| | - Song Meizhen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou Research Base, School of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Anyang, Henan, 455000, People's Republic of China.
- Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China.
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18
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Faralli M, Bianchedi PL, Moser C, Bontempo L, Bertamini M. Nitrogen control of transpiration in grapevine. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13906. [PMID: 37006174 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Transpiration per unit of leaf area is the end-product of the root-to-leaf water transport within the plant, and it is regulated by a series of morpho-physiological resistances and hierarchical signals. The rate of water transpired sustains a series of processes such as nutrient absorption and leaf evaporative cooling, with stomata being the end-valves that maintain the optimal water loss under specific degrees of evaporative demand and soil moisture conditions. Previous work provided evidence of a partial modulation of water flux following nitrogen availability linking high nitrate availability with tight stomatal control of transpiration in several species. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that stomatal control of transpiration, among others signals, is partially modulated by soil nitrate ( NO 3 - ) availability in grapevine, with reduced NO 3 - availability (alkaline soil pH, reduced fertilization, and distancing NO 3 - source) associated with decreased water-use efficiency and higher transpiration. We observed a general trend when NO 3 - was limiting with plants increasing either stomatal conductance or root-shoot ratio in four independent experiments with strong associations between leaf water status, stomatal behavior, root aquaporins expression, and xylem sap pH. Carbon and oxygen isotopic signatures confirm the proximal measurements, suggesting the robustness of the signal that persists over weeks and under different gradients of NO 3 - availability and leaf nitrogen content. Nighttime stomatal conductance was unaffected by NO 3 - manipulation treatments, while application of high vapor pressure deficit conditions nullifies the differences between treatments. Genotypic variation for transpiration increase under limited NO 3 - availability was observed between rootstocks indicating that breeding (e.g., for high soil pH tolerance) unintentionally selected for enhanced mass flow nutrient acquisition under restrictive or nutrient-buffered conditions. We provide evidence of a series of specific traits modulated by NO 3 - availability and suggest that NO 3 - fertilization is a potential candidate for optimizing grapevine water-use efficiency and root exploration under the climate-change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Faralli
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, TN, 38098, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, TN, 38098, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Bianchedi
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, TN, 38098, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, TN, 38098, Italy
| | - Luana Bontempo
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, TN, 38098, Italy
| | - Massimo Bertamini
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, TN, 38098, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, TN, 38098, Italy
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19
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Westerband AC, Wright IJ, Maire V, Paillassa J, Prentice IC, Atkin OK, Bloomfield KJ, Cernusak LA, Dong N, Gleason SM, Guilherme Pereira C, Lambers H, Leishman MR, Malhi Y, Nolan RH. Coordination of photosynthetic traits across soil and climate gradients. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:856-873. [PMID: 36278893 PMCID: PMC10098586 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
"Least-cost theory" posits that C3 plants should balance rates of photosynthetic water loss and carboxylation in relation to the relative acquisition and maintenance costs of resources required for these activities. Here we investigated the dependency of photosynthetic traits on climate and soil properties using a new Australia-wide trait dataset spanning 528 species from 67 sites. We tested the hypotheses that plants on relatively cold or dry sites, or on relatively more fertile sites, would typically operate at greater CO2 drawdown (lower ratio of leaf internal to ambient CO2 , Ci :Ca ) during light-saturated photosynthesis, and at higher leaf N per area (Narea ) and higher carboxylation capacity (Vcmax 25 ) for a given rate of stomatal conductance to water vapour, gsw . These results would be indicative of plants having relatively higher water costs than nutrient costs. In general, our hypotheses were supported. Soil total phosphorus (P) concentration and (more weakly) soil pH exerted positive effects on the Narea -gsw and Vcmax 25 -gsw slopes, and negative effects on Ci :Ca . The P effect strengthened when the effect of climate was removed via partial regression. We observed similar trends with increasing soil cation exchange capacity and clay content, which affect soil nutrient availability, and found that soil properties explained similar amounts of variation in the focal traits as climate did. Although climate typically explained more trait variation than soil did, together they explained up to 52% of variation in the slope relationships and soil properties explained up to 30% of the variation in individual traits. Soils influenced photosynthetic traits as well as their coordination. In particular, the influence of soil P likely reflects the Australia's geologically ancient low-relief landscapes with highly leached soils. Least-cost theory provides a valuable framework for understanding trade-offs between resource costs and use in plants, including limiting soil nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C. Westerband
- Faculty of Science and EngineeringSchool of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ian J. Wright
- Faculty of Science and EngineeringSchool of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNew South WalesAustralia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Vincent Maire
- Département des Sciences de l'environnementUniversité du Québec à Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQuébecCanada
| | - Jennifer Paillassa
- Département des Sciences de l'environnementUniversité du Québec à Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQuébecCanada
| | - Iain Colin Prentice
- Faculty of Science and EngineeringSchool of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNew South WalesAustralia
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living PlanetImperial College LondonAscotUK
- Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Owen K. Atkin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyResearch School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | | | - Lucas A. Cernusak
- College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityCairnsQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ning Dong
- Faculty of Science and EngineeringSchool of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNew South WalesAustralia
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living PlanetImperial College LondonAscotUK
| | - Sean M. Gleason
- USDA‐ARS Water Management and Systems Research UnitFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Caio Guilherme Pereira
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Michelle R. Leishman
- Faculty of Science and EngineeringSchool of Natural SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- School of Geography and the EnvironmentEnvironmental Change InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Rachael H. Nolan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
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20
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Hajeb M, Hamzeh S, Alavipanah SK, Neissi L, Verrelst J. Simultaneous retrieval of sugarcane variables from Sentinel-2 data using Bayesian regularized neural network. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION : ITC JOURNAL 2023; 116:103168. [PMID: 36644684 PMCID: PMC7614048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2022.103168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying biophysical and biochemical vegetation variables is of great importance in precision agriculture. Here, the ability of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to generate multiple outputs is exploited to simultaneously retrieve Leaf area index (LAI), leaf sheath moisture (LSM), leaf chlorophyll content (LCC), and leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) of sugarcane from Sentinel-2 spectra. We apply a type of ANNs, Bayesian Regularized ANN (BRANN), which incorporates the Bayes' theorem into a regularization scheme to tackle the overfitting problem of ANN and improve its generalizability. Quantitatively assessing the result accuracy indicated RMSE values of 0.48 (m2/m2) for LAI, 2.36 (% wb) for LSM, 5.85 (μg/cm2) for LCC, and 0.23 (%) for LNC, applying simultaneous retrieval. It was demonstrated that simultaneous retrievals of the variables outperformed the individual retrievals. The superiority of the proposed BRANN over a conventional ANN trained with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was confirmed through statistical comparison of their results. The model was applied over the entire Sentinel-2 images to map the considered variables. The maps were probed to qualitatively evaluate the model performance. The results indicated that the retrievals reasonably represent spatial and temporal variations of the variables. Generally, this study demonstrated that the BRANN simultaneous retrieval model can provide faster and more accurate retrievals than those obtained from conventional ANNs and individual retrievals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hajeb
- Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Hamzeh
- Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kazem Alavipanah
- Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lamya Neissi
- Sugarcane Research and Training Institute and By-products Development of Khuzestan, Khuzestan, Iran
| | - Jochem Verrelst
- Image Processing Laboratory (IPL), Parc Científic, Universitat de Val encia, València, Spain
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21
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Costa MG, de M Prado R, Sarah MMS, Palaretti LF, de C Piccolo M, Souza Júnior JP. New approaches to the effects of Si on sugarcane ratoon under irrigation in Quartzipsamments, Eutrophic Red Oxisol, and Dystrophic Red Oxisol. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:51. [PMID: 36694112 PMCID: PMC9872329 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C:N:P homeostasis in plants guarantees optimal levels of these nutrients in plant metabolism. H However, one of the causes to the effects of deficit irrigation is the loss of C:N:P homeostasis in leaves and stems that causes reduction in the growth of sugarcane. Being able to measure the impact of water deficit on C:N:P homeostasis in plants from the stoichiometric ratios of the concentrations of these nutrients in leaves and stems. This loss causes a decrease in nutritional efficiency, but can be mitigated with the use of silicon. Silicon favors the homeostasis of these nutrients and crop productivity. The magnitude of this benefit depends on the absorption of Si by the plant and Si availability in the soil, which varies with the type of soil used. Thus, this study aims to evaluate whether the application of Si via fertigation is efficient in increasing the absorption of Si and whether it is capable of modifying the homeostatic balance of C:N:P of the plant, causing an increase in nutritional efficiency and consequently in the production of biomass in leaves and stems of sugarcane ratoon cultivated with deficient and adequate irrigations in different tropical soils. RESULTS Water deficit caused biological losses in concentrations and accumulation of C, N, and P, and reduced the nutrient use efficiency and biomass production of sugarcane plants cultivated in three tropical soils due to disturbances in the stoichiometric homeostasis of C:N:P. The application of Si increased the concentration and accumulation of Si, C, N, and P and their use efficiency and reduced the biological damage caused by water deficit due to the modification of homeostatic balance of C:N:P by ensuring sustainability of the production of sugarcane biomass in tropical soils. However, the intensity of attenuation of such deleterious effects stood out in plants cultivated in Eutrophic Red Oxisols. Si contributed biologically by improving the performance of sugarcane ratoon with an adequate irrigation due to the optimization of stoichiometric ratios of C:N:P; increased the accumulation and the use efficiency of C, N, and P, and promoted production gains in biomass of sugarcane in three tropical soils. CONCLUSION Our study shows that fertigation with Si can mitigate the deleterious effects of deficient irrigation or potentiate the beneficial effects using an adequate irrigation system due to the induction of a new stoichiometric homeostasis of C:N:P, which in turn improves the nutritional efficiency of sugarcane cultivated in tropical soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton G Costa
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, São Paulo, 14884900, Brazil.
| | - Renato de M Prado
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, São Paulo, 14884900, Brazil
| | - Marcilene M Santos Sarah
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, São Paulo, 14884900, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Palaretti
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, São Paulo, 14884900, Brazil
| | - Marisa de C Piccolo
- Nuclear Energy Center in Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Centenário, 303, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Jonas P Souza Júnior
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, São Paulo, 14884900, Brazil
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22
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Lacrampe N, Colombié S, Dumont D, Nicot P, Lecompte F, Lugan R. Nitrogen-mediated metabolic patterns of susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea infection in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) stems. PLANTA 2023; 257:41. [PMID: 36680621 PMCID: PMC9867679 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Severe N stress allows an accumulation of C-based compounds but impedes that of N-based compounds required to lower the susceptibility of tomato stem to Botrytis cinerea. Botrytis cinerea, a necrotrophic filamentous fungus, forms potentially lethal lesions on the stems of infected plants. Contrasted levels of susceptibility to B. cinerea were obtained in a tomato cultivar grown on a range of nitrate concentration: low N supply resulted in high susceptibility while high N supply conferred a strong resistance. Metabolic deviations and physiological traits resulting from both infection and nitrogen limitation were investigated in the symptomless stem tissue surrounding the necrotic lesion. Prior to infection, nitrogen-deficient plants showed reduced levels of nitrogen-based compounds such as amino acids, proteins, and glutathione and elevated levels of carbon-based and defence compounds such as α-tomatine and chlorogenic acid. After B. cinerea inoculation, all plants displayed a few common responses, mainly alanine accumulation and galactinol depletion. The metabolome of resistant plants grown under high N supply showed no significant change after inoculation. On the contrary, the metabolome of susceptible plants grown under low N supply showed massive metabolic adjustments, including changes in central metabolism around glutamate and respiratory pathways, suggesting active resource mobilization and production of energy and reducing power. Redox and defence metabolisms were also stimulated by the infection in plants grown under low N supply; glutathione and chlorogenic acid accumulated, as well as metabolites with more controversial defensive roles, such as polyamines, GABA, branched-chain amino acids and phytosterols. Taken together, the results showed that nitrogen deficiency, although leading to an increase in secondary metabolites even before the pathogen attack, must have compromised the constitutive levels of defence proteins and delayed or attenuated the induced responses. The involvement of galactinol, alanine, cycloartenol and citramalate in the tomato stem response to B. cinerea is reported here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Lacrampe
- PSH Unit, INRAE, 84914 Avignon, France
- UMR Qualisud, Avignon Université, 84916 Avignon, France
| | - Sophie Colombié
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Univ Bordeaux, 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | | | | | - Raphaël Lugan
- UMR Qualisud, Avignon Université, 84916 Avignon, France
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23
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Liu L, Zhao Q, Zheng L, Zeng D. Responses of nutrient resorption to interannual precipitation variability and nitrogen addition in a pine plantation. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Anhui University Hefei China
| | - Lin‐Lin Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - De‐Hui Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
- Daqinggou Ecological Station Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
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24
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Yin Y, Zhou YB, Li H, Zhang SZ, Fang Y, Zhang YJ, Zou X. Linking tree water use efficiency with calcium and precipitation. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2419-2431. [PMID: 35708583 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water use efficiency (WUE) is a key physiological trait in studying plant carbon and water relations. However, the determinants of WUE across a large geographical scale are not always clear, limiting our capacity to predict WUE in response to future global climate change. We propose that tree WUE is influenced by calcium (Ca) availability and precipitation. In addition, although it is well-known that transpiration is the major driving force for passive nutrient uptake, the linkage between these two processes has not been well-established. Because Ca uptake is an apoplastic and passive process that purely relies on transpiration, and there is no translocation once assimilated, we further developed a theoretical model to quantify the relationship between tree Ca accumulation and WUE using soil-to-plant calcium ratio (SCa/BCa) and tree WUE derived from δ13C. We tested our theoretical model and predicted relationships using three common tree species across their native habitats in Northern China, spanning 2300 km and a controlled greenhouse experiment with soil Ca concentrations manipulated. We found that tree WUE was negatively related to precipitation of the growing season (GSP) and positively with soil Ca. A multiple regression model and a path analysis suggested a higher contribution of soil Ca to WUE than GSP. As predicted by our theoretical model, we found a positive relationship between WUE and SCa/BCa across their distribution ranges in all three tree species and in the controlled experiment for one selected species. This relationship suggests a tight coupling between water and Ca uptake and the potential use of SCa/BCa to indicate WUE. A negative relationship between SCa/BCa and GSP also suggests a possible decrease in tree Ca accumulation efficiency in a drier future in Northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yin
- Research Station of Liaohe-River Plain Forest Ecosystem, College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Yong-Bin Zhou
- Institute of Modern Agricultural Research, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116622, China
| | - Hui Li
- Research Station of Liaohe-River Plain Forest Ecosystem, College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Song-Zhu Zhang
- Research Station of Liaohe-River Plain Forest Ecosystem, College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shengyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Zhang
- School of Biology and Ecology, the University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zou
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 70377, San Juan, PR 00936-8377, USA
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25
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Yue H, Olivoto T, Bu J, Li J, Wei J, Xie J, Chen S, Peng H, Nardino M, Jiang X. Multi-trait selection for mean performance and stability of maize hybrids in mega-environments delineated using envirotyping techniques. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1030521. [PMID: 36452111 PMCID: PMC9702090 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1030521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Under global climate changes, understanding climate variables that are most associated with environmental kinships can contribute to improving the success of hybrid selection, mainly in environments with high climate variations. The main goal of this study is to integrate envirotyping techniques and multi-trait selection for mean performance and the stability of maize genotypes growing in the Huanghuaihai plain in China. A panel of 26 maize hybrids growing in 10 locations in two crop seasons was evaluated for 9 traits. Considering 20 years of climate information and 19 environmental covariables, we identified four mega-environments (ME) in the Huanghuaihai plain which grouped locations that share similar long-term weather patterns. All the studied traits were significantly affected by the genotype × mega-environment × year interaction, suggesting that evaluating maize stability using single-year, multi-environment trials may provide misleading recommendations. Counterintuitively, the highest yields were not observed in the locations with higher accumulated rainfall, leading to the hypothesis that lower vapor pressure deficit, minimum temperatures, and high relative humidity are climate variables that -under no water restriction- reduce plant transpiration and consequently the yield. Utilizing the multi-trait mean performance and stability index (MTMPS) prominent hybrids with satisfactory mean performance and stability across cultivation years were identified. G23 and G25 were selected within three out of the four mega-environments, being considered the most stable and widely adapted hybrids from the panel. The G5 showed satisfactory yield and stability across contrasting years in the drier, warmer, and with higher vapor pressure deficit mega-environment, which included locations in the Hubei province. Overall, this study opens the door to a more systematic and dynamic characterization of the environment to better understand the genotype-by-environment interaction in multi-environment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwang Yue
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Drought Resistance Research, Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui, China
| | - Tiago Olivoto
- Department of Plant Science, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Junzhou Bu
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Drought Resistance Research, Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui, China
| | - Jie Li
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Drought Resistance Research, Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui, China
| | - Jianwei Wei
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Drought Resistance Research, Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui, China
| | - Junliang Xie
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Drought Resistance Research, Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui, China
| | - Shuping Chen
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Drought Resistance Research, Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui, China
| | - Haicheng Peng
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Crops Drought Resistance Research, Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui, China
| | - Maicon Nardino
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Xuwen Jiang
- Maize Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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26
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Maysonnave J, Delpierre N, François C, Jourdan M, Cornut I, Bazot S, Vincent G, Morfin A, Berveiller D. Contribution of deep soil layers to the transpiration of a temperate deciduous forest: Implications for the modelling of productivity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155981. [PMID: 35588822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is imposing drier atmospheric and edaphic conditions on temperate forests. Here, we investigated how deep soil (down to 300 cm) water extraction contributed to the provision of water in the Fontainebleau-Barbeau temperate oak forest over two years, including the 2018 record drought. Deep water provision was key to sustain canopy transpiration during drought, with layers below 150 cm contributing up to 60% of the transpired water in August 2018, despite their very low density of fine roots. We further showed that soil databases used to parameterize ecosystem models largely underestimated the amount of water extractable from the soil by trees, due to a considerable underestimation of the tree rooting depth. The consensus database established for France gave an estimate of 207 mm for the soil water holding capacity (SWHC) at Fontainebleau-Barbeau, when our estimate based on the analysis of soil water content measurements was 1.9 times as high, reaching 390 ± 17 mm. Running the CASTANEA forest model with the database-derived SWHC yielded a 185 gC m-2 y-1 average underestimation of annual gross primary productivity under current climate, reaching up to 687 ± 117 gC m-2 y-1 under climate change scenario RCP8.5. It is likely that the strong underestimation of SWHC that we show at our site is not a special case, and concerns a large number of forest sites. Thus, we argue for a generalisation of deep soil water content measurements in forests, in order to improve the estimation of SWHC and the simulation of the forest carbon cycle in the current context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Maysonnave
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Delpierre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France.
| | - Christophe François
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marion Jourdan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ivan Cornut
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Bazot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gaëlle Vincent
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alexandre Morfin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Daniel Berveiller
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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27
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Crop Root Responses to Drought Stress: Molecular Mechanisms, Nutrient Regulations, and Interactions with Microorganisms in the Rhizosphere. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169310. [PMID: 36012575 PMCID: PMC9409098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Roots play important roles in determining crop development under drought. Under such conditions, the molecular mechanisms underlying key responses and interactions with the rhizosphere in crop roots remain limited compared with model species such as Arabidopsis. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of the morphological, physiological, and metabolic responses to drought stress in typical crop roots, along with the regulation of soil nutrients and microorganisms to these responses. Firstly, we summarize how root growth and architecture are regulated by essential genes and metabolic processes under water-deficit conditions. Secondly, the functions of the fundamental plant hormone, abscisic acid, on regulating crop root growth under drought are highlighted. Moreover, we discuss how the responses of crop roots to altered water status are impacted by nutrients, and vice versa. Finally, this article explores current knowledge of the feedback between plant and soil microbial responses to drought and the manipulation of rhizosphere microbes for improving the resilience of crop production to water stress. Through these insights, we conclude that to gain a more comprehensive understanding of drought adaption mechanisms in crop roots, future studies should have a network view, linking key responses of roots with environmental factors.
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28
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Han Y, Zhang W, Xu T, Tang M. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus on drought-induced oxidative stress and 14-3-3 proteins gene expression of Populus cathayana. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:934964. [PMID: 36033854 PMCID: PMC9403482 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.934964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) and phosphorus (P) can improve plant growth under drought stress by upregulating the antioxidant system and osmotic accumulation. The 14-3-3 protein can respond to different abiotic stresses such as low P and drought. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of AM fungi (Rhizophagus intraradices) inoculation on reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, P metabolism, and 14-3-3 gene expression of Populus cathayana at different P levels and drought stress (WW: well-watered and WD: water deficit). Under WD conditions, AM fungi inoculation significantly increased the P content in leaves and roots, but the benefit in roots is limited by the level of P addition, and the roots may have more alkaline phosphatase and phytase under P stress, and these activities in the rhizosphere soil inoculated with AM fungi were stronger. Under WD conditions, the activities of catalase (leaf and root) and peroxidase (root) inoculated with AM fungi were significantly higher than those without inoculation and decreased with P addition. 14-3-3 genes, PcGRF10 and PcGRF11, have a positive correlation with the antioxidant system, osmotic regulation, and P metabolism, which may be more significant after inoculation with AM fungi. Our results provide new insights into the mechanism of ROS homeostasis and P metabolism in mycorrhizal plants under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Han
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenrui Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Tingying Xu
- Boone Pickens School of Geology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Tingying Xu,
| | - Ming Tang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Ming Tang,
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Querejeta JI, Prieto I, Armas C, Casanoves F, Diémé JS, Diouf M, Yossi H, Kaya B, Pugnaire FI, Rusch GM. Higher leaf nitrogen content is linked to tighter stomatal regulation of transpiration and more efficient water use across dryland trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1351-1364. [PMID: 35582952 PMCID: PMC9542767 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The least-cost economic theory of photosynthesis shows that water and nitrogen are mutually substitutable resources to achieve a given carbon gain. However, vegetation in the Sahel has to cope with the dual challenge imposed by drought and nutrient-poor soils. We addressed how variation in leaf nitrogen per area (Narea ) modulates leaf oxygen and carbon isotopic composition (δ18 O, δ13 C), as proxies of stomatal conductance and water-use efficiency, across 34 Sahelian woody species. Dryland species exhibited diverging leaf δ18 O and δ13 C values, indicating large interspecific variation in time-integrated stomatal conductance and water-use efficiency. Structural equation modeling revealed that leaf Narea is a pivotal trait linked to multiple water-use traits. Leaf Narea was positively linked to both δ18 O and δ13 C, suggesting higher carboxylation capacity and tighter stomatal regulation of transpiration in N-rich species, which allows them to achieve higher water-use efficiency and more conservative water use. These adaptations represent a key physiological advantage of N-rich species, such as legumes, that could contribute to their dominance across many dryland regions. This is the first report of a robust mechanistic link between leaf Narea and δ18 O in dryland vegetation that is consistent with core principles of plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Querejeta
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas30100MurciaSpain
| | - Iván Prieto
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas30100MurciaSpain
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas04120AlmeríaSpain
- Department of Biodiversity and Environmental management, Ecology AreaFaculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of León24007LeónSpain
| | - Cristina Armas
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas04120AlmeríaSpain
| | - Fernando Casanoves
- CATIE ‐ Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza30501TurrialbaCosta Rica
| | - Joseph S. Diémé
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas04120AlmeríaSpain
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Hann Bel AirRoute des hydrocarbures – BP3120DakarSenegal
- Department of AgroforestryUniversité Assane Seck de Ziguinchor (UASZ)Diabir BP523ZiguinchorSenegal
| | - Mayecor Diouf
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Hann Bel AirRoute des hydrocarbures – BP3120DakarSenegal
- ISRA/CRZ Dahra DjoloffBP 01Dahra DjoloffSenegal
| | - Harouna Yossi
- l'Institut d'Économie Rurale (IER)/Centre Régional de Recherche Agronomique de SotubaBP258BamakoMali
| | - Bocary Kaya
- l'Institut d'Économie Rurale (IER)/Centre Régional de Recherche Agronomique de SotubaBP258BamakoMali
- Millennium Promise West and Central AfricaPO Box 103, Rue 287, Porte 341BamakoMali
| | - Francisco I. Pugnaire
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas04120AlmeríaSpain
| | - Graciela M. Rusch
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)Høgskoleringen 97034TrondheimNorway
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30
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Ji S, Jiang L, Hu D, Lv G. Impacts of plant and soil stoichiometry on species diversity in a desert ecosystem. AOB PLANTS 2022; 14:plac034. [PMID: 36046781 PMCID: PMC9422082 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant and soil stoichiometric ratios can be used to explain changes in the structural and functional characteristics of plant communities. Exploring the relationships between the stoichiometric ratios and plant diversity is helpful to further elucidate the effects of soil and nutrient constraints on community vegetation. However, such studies remain poorly understood in desert ecosystems. In this study, we analysed the effects of soil moisture and salt content on soil and leaf stoichiometry, species diversity and their relationships in the desert ecosystem of the Ebinur Lake basin. The results showed that: (i) Compared with the low soil moisture and salinity (SW2) environment, the soil and leaf C, N, P contents and soil stoichiometric ratios were larger in the high soil moisture and salinity (SW1) environment, and the leaf stoichiometric ratios were smaller. (ii) In SW1 environment, species diversity was negatively correlated with soil C:N and C:P, but weakly correlated with soil stoichiometric ratios in SW2 environment. In addition, the relationships between it and leaf stoichiometric ratios were reversed in different moisture and salinity environments. (iii) Structural equation modelling showed that leaf C:P, C:N and soil C:P had strong effects on species diversity. This research aims to provide a scientific reference for maintaining plant diversity, vegetation reconstruction and ecosystem restoration in desert areas, and enrich the ecological stoichiometric theory of desert ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwan Ji
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Lamei Jiang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Dong Hu
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
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Salix myrtillacea Female Cuttings Performed Better Than Males under Nitrogen Deposition on Leaves and Drought Conditions. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Drought and nitrogen (N) deposition are major threats to global forests under climate change. However, investigation into how dioecious woody species acclimate to drought and N deposition and how this is influenced by gender has, so far, been unexplored. We examined the phenotypic and physiological changes in Salix myrtillacea females and males under 60 d drought, and wet N deposition on leaves’ treatments. Drought inhibited their growth by limiting water acquisition, photosynthesis, and increasing oxidative stress, especially in males. However, females exhibited greater drought resistance than males due to their better water acquisition ability and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEleaf), higher foliar abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA) levels and greater antioxidase activities. N deposition increased foliar ABA, H2O2 accumulation, and reduced N distribution to the leaves, causing restricted photosynthesis and aerial growth in males. Interestingly, N deposition improved biomass accumulation in both the genders under drought, with greater positive effects on drought-stressed males by increasing their radial growth and causing greater N distribution to the leaves, increased foliar IAA and reduced oxidative stress. Regardless, S. myrtillacea females still showed better growth and drought resistance than males under both drought and N deposition. The females’ superior performance indicated that they are more appropriate for forestation, thus supporting the dominant gender’s selection in the afforestation of unisexual S. myrtillacea in drought and severe N deposition regions.
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One AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Positively Regulates Pi Uptake and Drought Tolerance in Poplar. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095241. [PMID: 35563632 PMCID: PMC9099566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought decreases the inorganic phosphate (Pi) supply of soil, resulting in Pi starvation of plants, but the molecular mechanism of how plants, especially the perennial trees, are tolerant to drought stress and Pi starvation, is still elusive. In this study, we identified an AP2/ERF transcription factor gene, PalERF2, from Populus alba var. pyramidalis, and it was induced by both mannitol treatment and Pi starvation. Overexpressing and knocking-down of PalERF2 both enhanced and attenuated tolerance to drought stress and Pi deficiency compared to WT, respectively. Moreover, the overexpression of PalERF2 up-regulated the expression levels of Pi starvation-induced (PSI) genes and increased Pi uptake under drought conditions; however, its RNAi poplar showed the opposite phenotypes. Subsequent analysis indicated that PalERF2 directly modulated expressions of drought-responsive genes PalRD20 and PalSAG113, as well as PSI genes PalPHL2 and PalPHT1;4, through binding to the DRE motifs on their promoters. These results clearly indicate that poplars can recruit PalERF2 to increase the tolerance to drought and also elevate Pi uptake under drought stress.
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Sell M, Ostonen I, Rohula-Okunev G, Rusalepp L, Rezapour A, Kupper P. Responses of fine root exudation, respiration and morphology in three early successional tree species to increased air humidity and different soil nitrogen sources. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:557-569. [PMID: 34505158 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change scenarios predict an increase in air temperature, precipitation and air humidity for northern latitudes. Elevated air humidity may significantly reduce the water flux through forest canopies and affect interactions between water and nutrient uptake. However, we have limited understanding of how altered transpiration would affect root respiration and carbon (C) exudation as fine root morphology acclimates to different water flux. We investigated the effects of elevated air relative humidity (eRH) and different inorganic nitrogen sources (NO3- and NH4+) on above and belowground traits in hybrid aspen (Populus × wettsteinii Hämet-Ahti), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) grown under controlled climate chamber conditions. The eRH significantly decreased the transpiration flux in all species, decreased root mass-specific exudation in pine, and increased root respiration in aspen. eRH also affected fine root morphology, with specific root area increasing for birch but decreasing in pine. The species comparison revealed that pine had the highest C exudation, whereas birch had the highest root respiration rate. Both humidity and nitrogen treatments affected the share of absorptive and pioneer roots within fine roots; however, the response was species-specific. The proportion of absorptive roots was highest in birch and aspen, the share of pioneer roots was greatest in aspen and the share of transport roots was greatest in pine. Fine roots with lower root tissue density were associated with pioneer root tips and had a higher C exudation rate. Our findings underline the importance of considering species-specific differences in relation to air humidity and soil nitrogen availability that interactively affect the C input-output balance. We highlight the role of changes in the fine root functional distribution as an important acclimation mechanism of trees in response to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marili Sell
- University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Vanemuise 46, 51003, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivika Ostonen
- University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Vanemuise 46, 51003, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gristin Rohula-Okunev
- University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Vanemuise 46, 51003, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Linda Rusalepp
- University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Vanemuise 46, 51003, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Azadeh Rezapour
- University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Vanemuise 46, 51003, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Priit Kupper
- University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Vanemuise 46, 51003, Tartu, Estonia
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Burridge JD, Grondin A, Vadez V. Optimizing Crop Water Use for Drought and Climate Change Adaptation Requires a Multi-Scale Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:824720. [PMID: 35574091 PMCID: PMC9100818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.824720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Selection criteria that co-optimize water use efficiency and yield are needed to promote plant productivity in increasingly challenging and variable drought scenarios, particularly dryland cereals in the semi-arid tropics. Optimizing water use efficiency and yield fundamentally involves transpiration dynamics, where restriction of maximum transpiration rate helps to avoid early crop failure, while maximizing grain filling. Transpiration restriction can be regulated by multiple mechanisms and involves cross-organ coordination. This coordination involves complex feedbacks and feedforwards over time scales ranging from minutes to weeks, and from spatial scales ranging from cell membrane to crop canopy. Aquaporins have direct effect but various compensation and coordination pathways involve phenology, relative root and shoot growth, shoot architecture, root length distribution profile, as well as other architectural and anatomical aspects of plant form and function. We propose gravimetric phenotyping as an integrative, cross-scale solution to understand the dynamic, interwoven, and context-dependent coordination of transpiration regulation. The most fruitful breeding strategy is likely to be that which maintains focus on the phene of interest, namely, daily and season level transpiration dynamics. This direct selection approach is more precise than yield-based selection but sufficiently integrative to capture attenuating and complementary factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Burridge
- DIADE Group, Cereal Root Systems, Institute de Recherche pour le Développement/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- *Correspondence: James D. Burridge,
| | - Alexandre Grondin
- DIADE Group, Cereal Root Systems, Institute de Recherche pour le Développement/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux, Laboratoire Mixte International, Dakar, Senegal
- Centre d’Étude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, Thiès, Senegal
| | - Vincent Vadez
- DIADE Group, Cereal Root Systems, Institute de Recherche pour le Développement/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux, Laboratoire Mixte International, Dakar, Senegal
- Centre d’Étude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, Thiès, Senegal
- International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
- Vincent Vadez,
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Pou A, Hachez C, Couvreur V, Maistriaux LC, Ismail A, Chaumont F. Exposure to high nitrogen triggered a genotype-dependent modulation of cell and root hydraulics, which can involve aquaporin regulation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13640. [PMID: 35099809 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Root nitrogen acquisition has been proposed to be regulated by mass flow, a process by which water flow brings nutrients to the root surface, depending on a concerted regulation of the root hydraulic properties and stomatal conductance. As aquaporins play an important role in regulating transcellular water flow, we aimed at evaluating the short-term effect of high nitrogen (HN) availability on the dynamics of hydraulic parameters at both the root and cell level and the regulation of aquaporins. The effect of short-term HN (8 mM NO3 - ) treatment was investigated on 12 diverse 15-day-old maize genotypes. Root exposure to HN triggered a rapid (<4 h) increase in the root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr ) in seven genotypes while no Lpr variation was recorded for the others, allowing the separation of the genotypes into two groups (HN-responsive and HN-nonresponsive). A remarkable correlation between Lpr and the cortex cell hydraulic conductivity (Lpc ) was observed. However, while differences in gas exchange parameters were also observed, the variations were genotype-specific and not always correlated with the root hydraulic parameters. We then investigated whether HN-induced Lpr variations were linked to the activity and regulation of plasma membrane PIP aquaporins. While some changes in PIP mRNA levels were detected, this was not correlated with the protein levels. On the other hand, the rapid variation in Lpr observed in the B73 genotype was correlated with the PIP protein abundance in the plasma membrane, highlighting PIP posttranslational mechanisms in the short-term regulation of root hydraulic parameters in response to HN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Pou
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Charles Hachez
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Laurie C Maistriaux
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - François Chaumont
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Rácz D, Szőke L, Tóth B, Kovács B, Horváth É, Zagyi P, Duzs L, Széles A. Examination of the Productivity and Physiological Responses of Maize ( Zea mays L.) to Nitrapyrin and Foliar Fertilizer Treatments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112426. [PMID: 34834792 PMCID: PMC8620664 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient stress has been known as the main limiting factor for maize growth and yield. Nitrapyrin, as a nitrification inhibitor-which reduces nitrogen loss-and foliar fertilizer treatments have been successfully used to enhance the efficiency of nutrient utilization, however, the impacts of these two technologies on physiological development, enzymatic responses, and productivity of maize are poorly studied. In this paper, the concentration of each stress indicator, such as contents of proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), relative chlorophyll, photosynthetic pigments, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in maize leaf tissues. In addition, biomass growth, as well as quantitative and qualitative parameters of yield production were examined. Results confirm the enhancing impact of nitrapyrin on the nitrogen use of maize. Furthermore, lower activity of proline, MDA, SOD, as well as higher photosynthetic activity were shown in maize with a more favorable nutrient supply due to nitrapyrin and foliar fertilizer treatments. The obtained findings draw attention to the future practical relevance of these technologies that can be implemented to enhance the physiological development and productivity of maize. However, this paper also highlights the importance of irrigation, as nutrient uptake from soil by the crops decreases during periods of drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalma Rácz
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.R.); (É.H.); (P.Z.); (L.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Lóránt Szőke
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.T.); (B.K.)
| | - Brigitta Tóth
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.T.); (B.K.)
| | - Béla Kovács
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.T.); (B.K.)
| | - Éva Horváth
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.R.); (É.H.); (P.Z.); (L.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Péter Zagyi
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.R.); (É.H.); (P.Z.); (L.D.); (A.S.)
| | - László Duzs
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.R.); (É.H.); (P.Z.); (L.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Adrienn Széles
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.R.); (É.H.); (P.Z.); (L.D.); (A.S.)
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Byambadorj SO, Park BB, Hernandez JO, Tsedensodnom E, Byambasuren O, Montagnoli A, Chiatante D, Nyam-Osor B. Effects of Irrigation and Fertilization on the Morphophysiological Traits of Populus sibirica Hort. Ex Tausch and Ulmus pumila L. in the Semiarid Steppe Region of Mongolia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112407. [PMID: 34834771 PMCID: PMC8620301 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Desertification is impeding the implementation of reforestation efforts in Mongolia. Many of these efforts have been unsuccessful due to a lack of technical knowledge on water and nutrient management strategies, limited financial support, and short-lived rainfall events. We investigated the effects of irrigation and fertilization on the morphophysiological traits of Populus sibirica Hort. Ex Tausch and Ulmus pumila L. and to suggest irrigation and fertilization strategies for reforestation. Different irrigation and fertilizer treatments were applied: no irrigation, 2 L h-1, 4 L h-1, and 8 L h-1 of water; no fertilizer, 2 L h-1 + NPK, 4 L h-1 + NPK, and 8 L h-1 + NPK; and no compost, 2 L h-1 + compost, 4 L h-1 + compost, and 8 L h-1 + compost. The leaf area (LA) and specific leaf area (SLA) of both species responded positively to 4 and 8 L h-1. Results also showed that the addition of either NPK or compost to 4 or 8 L h-1 irrigation resulted in a higher LA, SLA, and leaf biomass (LB). Total chlorophyll content decreased with irrigation in both species. The same pattern was detected when a higher amount of irrigation was combined with fertilizers. Lastly, we found that both diurnal and seasonal leaf water potential of plants grown in 4 or 8 L h-1 were significantly higher than those of plants grown in control plots. Therefore, 4 or 8 L h-1 with either NPK or compost has shown to be the optimal irrigation and fertilization strategy for the species in an arid and semiarid region of Mongolia. Results should provide us with a better understanding of tree responses to varying amounts of irrigation with or without fertilizer in pursuit of sustainable forest management in arid and semiarid ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ser-Oddamba Byambadorj
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia; (S.-O.B.); (E.T.); (O.B.)
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Byung Bae Park
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.B.P.); (B.N.-O.)
| | - Jonathan O. Hernandez
- Department of Forest Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines, Los Baños 4031, Philippines;
| | - Enkhchimeg Tsedensodnom
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia; (S.-O.B.); (E.T.); (O.B.)
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 15170, Mongolia
| | - Otgonsaikhan Byambasuren
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia; (S.-O.B.); (E.T.); (O.B.)
| | - Antonio Montagnoli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3-21100 Varese, Italy; (A.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Donato Chiatante
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3-21100 Varese, Italy; (A.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Batkhuu Nyam-Osor
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia; (S.-O.B.); (E.T.); (O.B.)
- Correspondence: (B.B.P.); (B.N.-O.)
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Jabborova D, Annapurna K, Al-Sadi AM, Alharbi SA, Datta R, Zuan ATK. Biochar and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediated enhanced drought tolerance in Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus) plant growth, root morphological traits and physiological properties. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5490-5499. [PMID: 34588859 PMCID: PMC8459127 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic factor limiting plant growth and crop production. There is limited information on effect of interaction between biochar and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on okra growth, root morphological traits and soil enzyme activities under drought stress. We studied the influence of biochar and AMF on the growth of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in pot experiments in a net house under drought condition. The results showed that the biochar treatment significantly increased plant growth (the plant height by 14.2%, root dry weight by 30.0%) and root morphological traits (projected area by 22.3% and root diameter by 22.7%) under drought stress. In drought stress, biochar treatment significantly enhanced the chlorophyll 'a' content by 32.7%, the AMF spore number by 22.8% and the microbial biomass as compared to the control. Plant growth parameters such as plant height, shoot and root dry weights significantly increased by AMF alone, by 16.6%, 21.0% and 40.0% respectively under drought condition. Other plant biometrics viz: the total root length, the root volume, the projected area and root diameter improved significantly with the application of AMF alone by 38.3%, 60.0%,16.8% and 15.9% respectively as compared with control. Compared to the control, AMF treatment alone significantly enhanced the total chlorophyll content by 36.6%, the AMF spore number by 39.0% and the microbial biomass by 29.0% under drought condition. However, the highest values of plant growth parameters (plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight) and root morphological traits (the total root length, root volume, projected area, root surface area) were observed in the combined treatment of biochar and AMF treatment viz: 31.9%, 34.2%, 60.0% and 68.6%, 66.6%, 45.5%, 41.8%, respectively compared to the control under drought stress. The nitrogen content, total chlorophyll content and microbial biomass increased over un-inoculated control. The soil enzymes; alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase and fluorescein diacetate enzyme activities significantly increased in the combined treatment by 55.8%, 68.7% and 69.5%, respectively as compared to the control under drought stress. We conclude that biochar and AMF together is potentially beneficial for cultivation of okra in drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilfuza Jabborova
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Kannepalli Annapurna
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Sadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, AlKhoud 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ali Tan Kee Zuan
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Khalid MF, Hussain S, Anjum MA, Morillon R, Ahmad S, Ejaz S, Hussain M, Jaafar HZE, Alrashood ST, Ormenisan AN. Physiological and biochemical responses of Kinnow mandarin grafted on diploid and tetraploid Volkamer lemon rootstocks under different water-deficit regimes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247558. [PMID: 33831006 PMCID: PMC8031453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Water shortage is among the major abiotic stresses that restrict growth and productivity of citrus. The existing literature indicates that tetraploid rootstocks had better water-deficit tolerance than corresponding diploids. However, the associated tolerance mechanisms such as antioxidant defence and nutrient uptake are less explored. Therefore, we evaluated physiological and biochemical responses (antioxidant defence, osmotic adjustments and nutrient uptake) of diploid (2x) and tetraploid (4x) volkamer lemon (VM) rootstocks grafted with kinnow mandarin (KM) under two water-deficit regimes. The KM/4xVM (VM4) and KM/2xVM (VM2) observed decrease in photosynthetic variables, i.e., photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), leaf greenness (SPAD), dark adopted chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), dark adopted chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv´/Fm´), relative water contents (RWC) and leaf surface area (LSA), and increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) under both water-deficit regimes. Moreover, oxidative stress indicators, i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide, and activities of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APx), glutathione reductase (GR) were increased under both water-deficit regimes. Nonetheless, increase was noted in osmoprotectants such as proline (PRO) and glycine betaine (GB) and other biochemical compounds, including antioxidant capacity (AC), total phenolic content (TPC) and total soluble protein (TSP) in VM2 and VM4 under both water-deficit regimes. Dry biomass (DB) of both rootstocks was decreased under each water-deficit condition. Interestingly, VM4 showed higher and significant increase in antioxidant enzymes, osmoprotectants and other biochemical compounds, while VM2 exhibited higher values for oxidative stress indicators. Overall, results indicated that VM4 better tolerated water-deficit stress by maintaining photosynthetic variables associated with strong antioxidant defence machinery as compared to VM2. However, nutrient uptake was not differed among tested water-deficit conditions and rootstocks. The results conclude that VM4 can better tolerate water-deficit than VM2. Therefore, VM4 can be used as rootstock in areas of high-water deficiency for better citrus productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fasih Khalid
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akbar Anjum
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Raphael Morillon
- Equipe “Structure Evolutive des Agrumes, Polyploidie et Amelioration Genetique, SEAPAG- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shaghef Ejaz
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mubshar Hussain
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hawa Z. E. Jaafar
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sara T. Alrashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexe Nicolae Ormenisan
- Department of Food and Tourism Engineering and Management, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
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Abstract
Data presented are on mass, length, SPAD and some physiological parameters of leaves and stems in a table grape vineyard of Italia variety grafted onto 1103 Paulsen, covered with a plastic sheet to advance ripening and managed with two soil systems in the Puglia region, South-eastern Italy in 2015 and 2016. The two systems differed for the soil management since in one area of the vineyard a cover crop was used (Trifolium repens L.), whereas in the other area only soil tillage was adopted. The data of the two seasons include: (a) mass of leaves of primary shoot, secondary shoot and opposite the cluster; (b) length of secondary shoots; (c) number of both secondary shoots and leaves of secondary shoots; (d) SPAD values and area of leaves opposite both first and second cluster on the primary shoot; (e) mass of stems of both primary and secondary shoots; and (f) some physiological parameters (Ψstem, temperature, Fv/Fm). The data in this article support and augment information presented in the research article 'Cover crops in the inter-row of a table grape vineyard managed with irrigation sensors: effects on yield, quality and glutamine synthetase activity in leaves' (Sci. Hortic. 281, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.109963).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ferrara
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 - Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzeo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 - Bari, Italy
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Lewis JR, Verboom GA, February EC. Coexistence and bush encroachment in African savannas: The role of the regeneration niche. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel R. Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - George A. Verboom
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
| | - Edmund C. February
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Rondebosch South Africa
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Mocko K, Jones CS. Do seedlings of larger geophytic species outperform smaller ones when challenged by drought? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:320-333. [PMID: 33638194 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE In semiarid regions, decreasing rainfall presents a challenge to perennial seedlings that must reach sufficient size to survive the first year's seasonal drought. Attaining a large storage organ size has been hypothesized to enhance drought resilience in geophytes, but building larger storage organs requires faster growth, but paradoxically, some traits that confer faster growth are highly sensitive to drought. We examined whether tuber size confers greater drought resilience in seedlings of four closely related geophytic species of Pelargonium. METHODS We imposed two drought treatments when seedlings were 2 months old: chronic low water and acute water restriction for 10 days. Plants in the acute dry-down treatment were then rewatered at control levels. We compared morphological and ecophysiological traits at 2, 3, and 6 months of age and used mixed-effects models to identify traits determining tuber biomass at dormancy. RESULTS Despite a 10-fold variation in size, species had similar physiological trait values under well-watered conditions. Chronic and acute droughts negatively affected tuber size at the end of the season, but only in the two species with large tubers. Chronic drought did not affect physiological traits of any species, but in response to acute drought, larger species showed reduced photosynthetic performance. Canopy area was the best predictor of final tuber biomass. CONCLUSIONS Contradictory to the hypothesis that large tubers provide greater drought resiliency, small Pelargonium seedlings actually had higher drought tolerance, although at the expense of more vigorous growth compared to species with larger tubers under well-watered conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Mocko
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Cynthia S Jones
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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Verma K, Song XP, Verma CL, Malviya MK, Guo DJ, Rajput VD, Sharma A, Wei KJ, Chen GL, Solomon S, Li YR. Predication of Photosynthetic Leaf Gas Exchange of Sugarcane ( Saccharum spp) Leaves in Response to Leaf Positions to Foliar Spray of Potassium Salt of Active Phosphorus under Limited Water Irrigation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:2396-2409. [PMID: 33521478 PMCID: PMC7841956 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient water and fertilizer inputs in agriculture play a major role in crop growth, production, and quality. In this study, the response of sugarcane to limited water irrigation and foliar application of potassium salt of active phosphorus (PSAP) for photosynthetic responses were examined, and PSAP's role in limited water irrigation management was assessed. Sugarcane plants were subjected to limited irrigation (95-90 and 45-40% FC) after three months of germination, followed by a foliar spray (0, 2, 4, 6, and 10 M) of PSAP. The obtained results indicated that limited water irrigation negatively affected sugarcane growth and reduced leaf gas exchange activities. However, the application of PSAP increased the photosynthetic activities by protecting the photosynthetic machinery during unfavorable conditions. Mathematical modeling, a Skewed model, was developed and compared with the existing Gaussian model to describe the photosynthetic responses of sugarcane leaves under the limited irrigation with and without PSAP application. The models fitted well with the observed values, and the predicted photosynthetic parameters were in close relationship with the obtained results. The Skewed model was found to be better than the Gaussian model in describing the photosynthetic parameters of plant leaves positioned over a stem of limited water irrigation and applied PSAP application and is recommended for further application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan
K. Verma
- Key
Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi
Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007 Guangxi, China
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Key
Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi
Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007 Guangxi, China
| | - Chhedi Lal Verma
- Irrigation
and Drainage Engineering, ICAR-Central Soil
Salinity Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Lucknow 226005, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Malviya
- Key
Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi
Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007 Guangxi, China
| | - Dao-Jun Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi
Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007 Guangxi, China
- College
of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004 Guangxi, China
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy
of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal
University, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia
| | - Anjney Sharma
- Key
Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi
Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007 Guangxi, China
| | - Kai-Jun Wei
- Liuzhou
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Liuzhou 545 003 Guangxi, China
| | - Gan-Lin Chen
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530 007 Guangxi, China
| | - Sushil Solomon
- ICAR-Indian
Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow 226 021, India
| | - Yang-Rui Li
- Key
Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi),
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of
Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi
Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007 Guangxi, China
- College
of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004 Guangxi, China
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Rossdeutsch L, Schreiner RP, Skinkis PA, Deluc L. Nitrate Uptake and Transport Properties of Two Grapevine Rootstocks With Varying Vigor. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:608813. [PMID: 33537044 PMCID: PMC7847936 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.608813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In viticulture, rootstocks are essential to cope with edaphic constraints. They can also be used to modulate scion growth and development to help improve berry yield and quality. The rootstock contribution to scion growth is not fully understood. Since nitrogen (N) is a significant driver of grapevine growth, rootstock properties associated with N uptake and transport may play a key role in the growth potential of grafted grapevines. We evaluated N uptake and transport in a potted system using two grapevines rootstocks [Riparia Gloire (RG) and 1103 Paulsen (1103P)] grafted to Pinot noir (Pommard clone) scion. Combining results of nitrate induction and steady-state experiments at two N availability levels, we observed different responses in the uptake and utilization of N between the two rootstocks. The low vigor rootstock (RG) exhibited greater nitrate uptake capacity and nitrate assimilation in roots after nitrate resupply than the more vigorous 1103P rootstock. This behavior may be attributed to a greater root carbohydrate status observed in RG for both experiments. However, 1103P demonstrated a higher N translocation rate to shoots regardless of N availability. These distinct rootstock behaviors resulted in significant differences in biomass allocation between roots and shoots under N-limited conditions, although the overall vine biomass was not different. Under sufficient N supply, differences between rootstocks decreased but 1103P stored more N in roots, which may benefit growth in subsequent growing seasons. Overall, greater transpiration of vines grafted to 1103P rootstock causing higher N translocation to shoots could partially explain its known growth-promoting effect to scions under low and high N availability, whereas the low vigor typically conferred to scions by RG may result from the combination of lower N translocation to shoots and a greater allocation of biomass toward roots when N is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landry Rossdeutsch
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon Wine Research Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - R. Paul Schreiner
- USDA-ARS Horticulture Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Oregon Wine Research Institute, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Patricia A. Skinkis
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon Wine Research Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Oregon Wine Research Institute, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Laurent Deluc
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon Wine Research Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Oregon Wine Research Institute, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Cao M, Liu H, Zhang C, Wang D, Liu X, Chen Q. Functional Analysis of StPHT1;7, a Solanum tuberosum L. Phosphate Transporter Gene, in Growth and Drought Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1384. [PMID: 33080882 PMCID: PMC7650598 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PHT1 (phosphate transporter 1) family genes play important roles in regulating plant growth and responding to stress. However, there has been little research on the role of the PHT1 family in potatoes. In this study, using molecular and bioinformatic approaches, 8 PHT1 family genes were identified from the potato genome. StPHT1;7 was highly expressed in the whole potato plants. The overexpression and silence vectors of StPHT1;7 were constructed and transformed into the potato cultivar Desiree. Consequently, StPHT1;7 overexpression (with a relative expression 2-7-fold that in the control) and silence lines (with a relative expression of 0.3%-1% that in the control) were obtained. Their growth vigor was ranked in the order overexpression line > wild type > silence line. In the absence of phosphorus, the root length of the overexpression line was approximately 2.6 times that of the wild type, while the root length of the silence line was approximately 0.6 times that of the wild type. Furthermore, their tolerance to drought stress was ranked as wild type > overexpression line > silence line. These results suggest that StPHT1;7 affects growth and stress tolerance in potato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianning 712100, China; (M.C.); (H.L.); (C.Z.); (D.W.)
| | - Hengzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianning 712100, China; (M.C.); (H.L.); (C.Z.); (D.W.)
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianning 712100, China; (M.C.); (H.L.); (C.Z.); (D.W.)
| | - Dongdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianning 712100, China; (M.C.); (H.L.); (C.Z.); (D.W.)
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianning 712100, China
| | - Qin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianning 712100, China
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Bárzana G, Carvajal M. Genetic regulation of water and nutrient transport in water stress tolerance in roots. J Biotechnol 2020; 324:134-142. [PMID: 33038476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the major abiotic factors affecting the growth and development of crops. The primary effect of drought is the alteration of water and nutrient uptake and transport by roots, related essentially with aquaporins and ion transporters of the plasma membrane. Therefore, the efficiency of water and nutrient transport across cell layers is a main factor in tolerance mechanisms. The regulation of this transport under water stress - in relation to the differing degrees of tolerance of crops and the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae, together with signaling mechanisms - is reviewed here. Three different phases in the response to stress (immediate, short-term and long-term), involving different signals and levels of gene regulation, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Bárzana
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo - 25, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Micaela Carvajal
- Aquaporins Group, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo - 25, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Abstract
Plants often experience multiple stresses in a given day or season, and it is self-evident that given functional traits can provide tolerances of multiple stresses. Yet, the multiple functions of individual traits are rarely explicitly considered in ecology and evolution due to a lack of a quantitative framework. We present a theory for considering the combined importance of the several functions that a single trait can contribute to alleviating multiple stresses. We derive five inter-related general predictions: (1) that trait multifunctionality is overall highly beneficial to fitness; (2) that species possessing multifunctional traits should increase in abundance and in niche breadth; (3) that traits are typically optimized for multiple functions and thus can be far from optimal for individual functions; (4) that the relative importance of each function of a multifunctional trait depends on the environment; and (5) that traits will be often "co-opted" for additional functions during evolution and community assembly. We demonstrate how the theory can be applied quantitatively by examining the multiple functions of leaf trichomes (hairs) using heuristic model simulations, substantiating the general principles. We identify avenues for further development and applications of the theory of trait multifunctionality in ecology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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48
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Bista DR, Heckathorn SA, Jayawardena DM, Boldt JK. Effect of drought and carbon dioxide on nutrient uptake and levels of nutrient-uptake proteins in roots of barley. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:1401-1409. [PMID: 33021337 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) concentration is increasing, as is the frequency and duration of drought in some regions. Elevated CO2 can decrease the effects of drought by further decreasing stomatal opening and, hence, water loss from leaves. Both elevated CO2 and drought typically decrease plant nutrient concentration, but their interactive effects on nutrient status and uptake are little studied. We investigated whether elevated CO2 helps negate the decrease in plant nutrient status during drought by upregulating nutrient-uptake proteins in roots. METHODS Barley (Hordeum vulgare) was subjected to current vs. elevated CO2 (400 or 700 ppm) and drought vs. well-watered conditions, after which we measured biomass, tissue nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations (%N and P), N- and P-uptake rates, and the concentration of the major N- and P-uptake proteins in roots. RESULTS Elevated CO2 decreased the impact of drought on biomass. In contrast, both drought and elevated CO2 decreased %N and %P in most cases, and their effects were additive for shoots. Root N- and P-uptake rates were strongly decreased by drought, but were not significantly affected by CO2 . Averaged across treatments, both drought and high CO2 resulted in upregulation of NRT1 (NO3- transporter) and AMT1 (NH4+ transporter) per unit total root protein, while only drought increased PHT1 (P transporter). CONCLUSIONS Elevated CO2 exacerbated decreases in %N and %P, and hence food quality, during drought, despite increases in the concentration of nutrient-uptake proteins in roots, indicating other limitations to nutrient uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepesh R Bista
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Scott A Heckathorn
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | | | - Jennifer K Boldt
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
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49
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Both Mature Patches and Expanding Areas of Juniperus thurifera Forests Are Vulnerable to Climate Change But for Different Reasons. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11090960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research Highlights: Water use efficiency (WUE) varied along a gradient of Juniperus thurifera (L.) forest expansion, being higher in recently colonised areas. Background and Objectives: WUE is a classic physiological process of plants that reflects the compromise between carbon assimilation and water loss and has a profound influence on their performance in water-limited environments. Forest expansion in Mediterranean regions associated with land abandonment can influence the WUE of plants due to the existence of two opposing gradients: one of favourable–unfavourable environmental conditions and another one of increased–decreased intraspecific competition, the former increasing and the latter decreasing towards the expanding front. The main objective of this study was to elucidate how the WUE of Juniperus thurifera varied along the stages of forest expansion and to provide insight on how this variation is influenced by intraspecific competition and abiotic factors. Materials and Methods: Seventeen plots at different distances from the mature forest core were selected at three sites located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula. For 30 individuals within each plot, we measured biometric characteristics, age, tree vigour, and C/N ratio in leaves, and the leaf carbon isotope signature (δ13C (‰)) as a proxy for WUE. Around each individual, we scored the percentage cover of bare soil, stoniness, conspecifics, and other woody species. Results: WUE of J. thurifera individuals varied along the forest expansion gradient, being greater for the individuals at the expanding front than for those at the mature forest. WUE was influenced by the cover of conspecifics, tree age, and C/N ratio in leaves. This pattern reveals that less favourable environmental conditions (i.e., rocky soils and higher radiation due to lower vegetation cover) and younger trees at the expanding front are associated with increased WUE. The increased cover of conspecifics decreases irradiance at the mature forest, involving milder stress conditions than at the expanding front. Conclusions: Lower WUE in mature forests due to more favourable conditions and higher WUE due to abiotic stress at expanding fronts revealed high constraints on water economy of this tree species in these two contrasting situations. Climate change scenarios bringing increased aridity are a serious threat to Juniperus thurifera forests, affecting both mature and juvenile populations although in different ways, which deserve further research to fully unveil.
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Increase in Absolute Leaf Water Content Tends to Keep Pace with That of Leaf Dry Mass—Evidence from Bamboo Plants. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12081345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaves, as the most important photosynthetic organ of plants, are intimately associated with plant function and adaptation to environmental changes. The scaling relationship of the leaf dry mass (or the fresh mass) vs. leaf surface area has been referred to as “diminishing returns”, suggesting that the leaf area fails to increase in proportion to leaf dry mass (or fresh mass). However, previous studies used materials across different families, and there is lack of studies testing whether leaf fresh mass is proportional to the leaf dry mass for the species in the same family, and examining the influence of the scaling of leaf dry mass vs. fresh mass on two kinds of diminishing returns based on leaf dry mass and fresh mass. Bamboo plants (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) are good materials for doing such a study, which have astonishingly similar leaf shapes across species. Bamboo leaves have a typical parallel venation pattern. In general, a parallel venation pattern tends to produce a more stable symmetrical leaf shape than the pinnate and palmate venation patterns. The symmetrical parallel veins enable leaves to more regularly hold water, which is more likely to result in a proportional relationship between the leaf dry mass and absolute water content, which consequently determines whether the scaling exponent of the leaf dry mass vs. area is significantly different from (or the same as) that of the leaf fresh mass vs. area. In the present study, we used the data of 101 bamboo species, cultivars, forms and varieties (referred to as 101 (bamboo) taxa below for convenience) to analyze the scaling relationships between the leaf dry mass and area, and between leaf fresh mass and area. We found that the confidence intervals of the scaling exponents of the leaf fresh mass vs. dry mass of 68 out of the 101 taxa included unity, which indicates that for most bamboo species (67.3%), the increase in leaf water mass keeps pace with that of leaf dry mass. There was a significant scaling relationship between either leaf dry mass or fresh mass, and the leaf surface area for each studied species. We found that there was no significant difference between the scaling exponent of the leaf dry mass vs. leaf area and that of the leaf fresh mass vs. leaf area when the leaf dry mass was proportional to the leaf fresh mass. The goodness of fit to the linearized scaling relationship of the leaf fresh mass vs. area was better than that of the leaf dry mass vs. area for each of the 101 bamboo taxa. In addition, there were significant differences in the normalized constants of the leaf dry mass vs. fresh mass among the taxa (i.e., the differences in leaf water content), which implies the difference in the adaptabilities to different environments across the taxa.
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