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Khafaga DSR, Muteeb G, Elgarawany A, Aatif M, Farhan M, Allam S, Almatar BA, Radwan MG. Green nanobiocatalysts: enhancing enzyme immobilization for industrial and biomedical applications. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17589. [PMID: 38993977 PMCID: PMC11238728 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanobiocatalysts (NBCs), which merge enzymes with nanomaterials, provide a potent method for improving enzyme durability, efficiency, and recyclability. This review highlights the use of eco-friendly synthesis methods to create sustainable nanomaterials for enzyme transport. We investigate different methods of immobilization, such as adsorption, ionic and covalent bonding, entrapment, and cross-linking, examining their pros and cons. The decreased environmental impact of green-synthesized nanomaterials from plants, bacteria, and fungi is emphasized. The review exhibits the various uses of NBCs in food industry, biofuel production, and bioremediation, showing how they can enhance effectiveness and eco-friendliness. Furthermore, we explore the potential impact of NBCs in biomedicine. In general, green nanobiocatalysts are a notable progression in enzyme technology, leading to environmentally-friendly and effective biocatalytic methods that have important impacts on industrial and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa S. R. Khafaga
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Ghazala Muteeb
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Aatif
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Farhan
- Department of Basic Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Allam
- Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Batool Abdulhadi Almatar
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Araújo EV, Carneiro SV, Neto DMA, Freire TM, Costa VM, Freire RM, Fechine LMUD, Clemente CS, Denardin JC, Dos Santos JCS, Santos-Oliveira R, Rocha JS, Fechine PBA. Advances in surface design and biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 328:103166. [PMID: 38728773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant efforts by scientists in the development of advanced nanotechnology materials for smart diagnosis devices and drug delivery systems, the success of clinical trials remains largely elusive. In order to address this biomedical challenge, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained attention as a promising candidate due to their theranostic properties, which allow the simultaneous treatment and diagnosis of a disease. Moreover, MNPs have advantageous characteristics such as a larger surface area, high surface-to-volume ratio, enhanced mobility, mass transference and, more notably, easy manipulation under external magnetic fields. Besides, certain magnetic particle types based on the magnetite (Fe3O4) phase have already been FDA-approved, demonstrating biocompatible and low toxicity. Typically, surface modification and/or functional group conjugation are required to prevent oxidation and particle aggregation. A wide range of inorganic and organic molecules have been utilized to coat the surface of MNPs, including surfactants, antibodies, synthetic and natural polymers, silica, metals, and various other substances. Furthermore, various strategies have been developed for the synthesis and surface functionalization of MNPs to enhance their colloidal stability, biocompatibility, good response to an external magnetic field, etc. Both uncoated MNPs and those coated with inorganic and organic compounds exhibit versatility, making them suitable for a range of applications such as drug delivery systems (DDS), magnetic hyperthermia, fluorescent biological labels, biodetection and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thus, this review provides an update of recently published MNPs works, providing a current discussion regarding their strategies of synthesis and surface modifications, biomedical applications, and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Araújo
- Advanced Chemistry Materials Group (GQMat)- Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Federal Unversity of Ceará, - UFC, Campus do Pici, CP 12100, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - S V Carneiro
- Advanced Chemistry Materials Group (GQMat)- Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Federal Unversity of Ceará, - UFC, Campus do Pici, CP 12100, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - D M A Neto
- Advanced Chemistry Materials Group (GQMat)- Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Federal Unversity of Ceará, - UFC, Campus do Pici, CP 12100, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - T M Freire
- Advanced Chemistry Materials Group (GQMat)- Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Federal Unversity of Ceará, - UFC, Campus do Pici, CP 12100, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - V M Costa
- Advanced Chemistry Materials Group (GQMat)- Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Federal Unversity of Ceará, - UFC, Campus do Pici, CP 12100, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - R M Freire
- Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330601, Chile.
| | - L M U D Fechine
- Advanced Chemistry Materials Group (GQMat)- Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Federal Unversity of Ceará, - UFC, Campus do Pici, CP 12100, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - C S Clemente
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60440-900, Brazil.
| | - J C Denardin
- Physics Department and CEDENNA, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170124, Chile.
| | - J C S Dos Santos
- Engineering and Sustainable Development Institute, International Afro-Brazilian Lusophone Integration University, Campus das Auroras, Redenção 62790970, CE, Brazil; Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, Fortaleza 60455760, CE, Brazil.
| | - R Santos-Oliveira
- Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmacy and Synthesis of Novel Radiopharmaceuticals, R. Helio de Almeida, 75, Rio de Janeiro 21941906, RJ, Brazil; Zona Oeste State University, Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmacy, Av Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1203, Campo Grande 23070200, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Janaina S Rocha
- Industrial Technology and Quality Center of Ceará, R. Prof. Rômulo Proença, s/n - Pici, 60440-552 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - P B A Fechine
- Advanced Chemistry Materials Group (GQMat)- Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Federal Unversity of Ceará, - UFC, Campus do Pici, CP 12100, 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Wang Z, Chen H, Qin Y, Lan T. Effect of Fenton oxidized lignin support on immobilized β-glucosidase activity. J Biotechnol 2023; 368:31-41. [PMID: 37028559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the Fenton oxidized lignin was prepared to investigate the effect of Fenton oxidation modification on the activity of lignin immobilized β-glucosidase (β-GL). The results demonstrated that Fenton oxidation could significantly improve the activity and stability of immobilized β-GL. This is because the Fenton oxidation increased the electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic forces between lignin and β-GL, resulting in increased lignin adsorption onto β-GL. The Fenton oxidation also changed the chemical structure of lignin, altering the lignin-β-GL binding site and reducing the negative effect of lignin on the β-GL catalytic domain. This research will improve understanding of the effect of Fenton lignin oxidation on immobilized β-GL activity and expand the use of lignin in enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekang Wang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Rd., Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Rd., Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuyue Qin
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Rd., Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Tianqing Lan
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Rd., Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, China; National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 South Shaoshan Rd., Tianxin District, Changsha, 410004, China.
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Optimized Conditions for Preparing a Heterogeneous Biocatalyst via Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs) of β-Glucosidase from Aspergillus niger. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study mainly aims to find the optimal conditions for immobilizing a non-commercial β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger via cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) by investigating the effect of cross-linking agent (glutaraldehyde) concentration and soy protein isolate/enzyme ratio (or spacer/enzyme ratio) on the catalytic performance of β-glucosidase through the central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The influence of certain parameters such as pH and temperature on the hydrolytic activity of the resulting heterogeneous biocatalyst was assessed and compared with those of a soluble enzyme. The catalytic performance of both the soluble and immobilized enzyme was assessed by hydrolyzing ρ-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (ρ-NPG) at pH 4.5 and 50 °C. It was found that there was a maximum recovered activity of around 33% (corresponding to hydrolytic activity of 0.48 U/mL) in a spacer/enzyme ratio of 4.69 (mg/mg) using 25.5 mM glutaraldehyde. The optimal temperature and pH conditions for the soluble enzyme were 60 °C and 4.5, respectively, while those for CLEAs of β-glucosidase were between 50 and 65 °C and pH 3.5 and 4.0. These results reveal that the immobilized enzyme is more stable in a wider pH and temperature range than its soluble form. Furthermore, an improvement was observed in thermal stability after immobilization. After 150 days at 4 °C, the heterogeneous biocatalyst retained 80% of its original activity, while the soluble enzyme retained only 10%. The heterogeneous biocatalyst preparation was also characterized by TG/DTG and FT-IR analyses that confirmed the introduction of carbon chains via cross-linking. Therefore, the immobilized biocatalyst prepared in this study has improved enzyme stabilization, and it is an interesting approach to preparing heterogeneous biocatalysts for industrial applications.
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Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of cellulase with improved catalytic activity, adaptability and reusability. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:865-875. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Deng Y, Ouyang J, Liu H, Wang J, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Yang C, Li D, Ma K. An effective immobilization of β-glucosidases by partly cross-linking enzyme aggregates. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 52:1035-1043. [PMID: 35015605 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.2024848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization provides ideal operating conditions for enzymes stabilization and sustainable recycling. In this work, as a kind of clay material, montmorillonite (MTL) was chosen for immobilizing the β-glucosidase extracted from Agrocybe aegirit. The immobilized β-glucosidase via partly cross-linking enzyme aggregates (pCLEAs) formed by self-catalysis provided biocatalysts with satisfactory thermal and pH stability. Compared to the glutaraldehyde cross-linked, the immobilized β-glucosidase (β-G-pCLEAs@MTL) exhibited significantly higher immobilization efficiency (IE) and immobilization yield (IY), which were 80.6% and 76.9%, respectively. The β-G-pCLEAs@MTL also showed better stability and preferable reusability. And the activity of the β-G-pCLEAs@MTL remained 85.0% after 5 cycles and 74.7% after 10 cycles. Therefore, the method based on the pre- crosslinking to form pCLEAs and after-immobilization can effectively improve IY and IE. In addition, MTL seems to be a good alternative carrier to immobilize other enzymes for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Deng
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Ouyang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihui Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziqian Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengli Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Dali Li
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Kefeng Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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Reshmy R, Philip E, Sirohi R, Tarafdar A, Arun KB, Madhavan A, Binod P, Kumar Awasthi M, Varjani S, Szakacs G, Sindhu R. Nanobiocatalysts: Advancements and applications in enzyme technology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 337:125491. [PMID: 34320770 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiocatalysts are one of the most promising biomaterials produced by synergistically integrating advanced biotechnology and nanotechnology. These have a lot of potential to improve enzyme stability, function, efficiencyand engineering performance in bioprocessing. Functional nanostructures have been used to create nanobiocatalystsbecause of their specific physicochemical characteristics and supramolecular nature. This review covers a wide range of nanobiocatalysts including polymeric, metallic, silica and carbon nanocarriers as well as their recent developments in controlling enzyme activity. The enormous potential of nanobiocatalysts in bioprocessing in designing effective laboratory trials forapplications in various fields such as food, pharmaceuticals, biofuel, and bioremediation is also discussed extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reshmy
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, Kerala 690 110, India
| | - Eapen Philip
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, Kerala 690 110, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - K B Arun
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 014, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, PR China
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, India
| | | | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019, India.
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Hozhabr Araghi S, John A, Sadeghi Googheri MS. How a crosslinker agent interacts with the β-glucosidase enzyme surface in an aqueous solution: Insight from quantum mechanics calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111761. [PMID: 33872829 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, surficial interactions of glutaraldehyde (GA) as an important crosslinker agent with the β-glucosidase (BGL) enzyme surface were investigated by theoretical methods. Since the inherent constraints of experimental methods limit their application to find the molecular perspective of these significant interactions in enzyme immobilization, theoretical methods were used as a complementary tool to understand this concept. The Minnesota density functional calculations showed that the chair conformations of the oxane-2,6-diol form of the GA were more stable than its free aldehyde form. MD simulations of propylamine-GA molecules, as a representative of attached-GA, in aqueous solutions of different concentrations were done to determine the molecular basis of surficial interactions with the BGL surface. The root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) demonstrated that the maximum flexibility of the BGL enzyme belonged to 460-480 residues in all solutions. Based on the spatial distribution function (SDF) analysis, the active site entrance was the most favored region to accumulate solute molecules. Radial distribution function (RDF) results showed that all forms of propylamine-GA molecules interacted from their head side with the lysine residues of BGL, which Lys247, Lys376, and Lys384 were found to be the most interactive lysine residues. Also, hydrogen bond (HB) analysis from two viewpoints confirmed HB formation possibility between propylamine-GA molecules and these lysine residues. These results explained which regions of the BGL have the maximum possibility to interact and link to GA and help us in understanding the process of enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Hozhabr Araghi
- Laboratory of Materials Science, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Amalraj John
- Laboratory of Materials Science, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile.
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Xiao J, Lu Q, Cong H, Shen Y, Yu B. Microporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate- co-ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate) microspheres: synthesis, functionalization and applications. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00834j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As a new kind of functional material, micron-sized porous polymer microspheres are a hot research topic in the field of polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Xiao
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qingbiao Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hailin Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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