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Hundessa S, Huang W, Zhao Q, Wu Y, Wen B, Alahmad B, Armstrong B, Gasparrini A, Sera F, Tong S, Madureira J, Kyselý J, Schwartz J, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Hales S, Johnson A, Li S, Guo Y. Global and Regional Cardiovascular Mortality Attributable to Nonoptimal Temperatures Over Time. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:2276-2287. [PMID: 38839202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.03.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between nonoptimal temperatures and cardiovascular mortality risk is recognized. However, a comprehensive global assessment of this burden is lacking. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to assess global cardiovascular mortality burden attributable to nonoptimal temperatures and investigate spatiotemporal trends. METHODS Using daily cardiovascular deaths and temperature data from 32 countries, a 3-stage analytical approach was applied. First, location-specific temperature-mortality associations were estimated, considering nonlinearity and delayed effects. Second, a multivariate meta-regression model was developed between location-specific effect estimates and 5 meta-predictors. Third, cardiovascular deaths associated with nonoptimal, cold, and hot temperatures for each global grid (55 km × 55 km resolution) were estimated, and temporal trends from 2000 to 2019 were explored. RESULTS Globally, 1,801,513 (95% empirical CI: 1,526,632-2,202,831) annual cardiovascular deaths were associated with nonoptimal temperatures, constituting 8.86% (95% empirical CI: 7.51%-12.32%) of total cardiovascular mortality corresponding to 26 deaths per 100,000 population. Cold-related deaths accounted for 8.20% (95% empirical CI: 6.74%-11.57%), whereas heat-related deaths accounted for 0.66% (95% empirical CI: 0.49%-0.98%). The mortality burden varied significantly across regions, with the highest excess mortality rates observed in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. From 2000 to 2019, cold-related excess death ratios decreased, while heat-related ratios increased, resulting in an overall decline in temperature-related deaths. Southeastern Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Oceania observed the greatest reduction, while Southern Asia experienced an increase. The Americas and several regions in Asia and Europe displayed fluctuating temporal patterns. CONCLUSIONS Nonoptimal temperatures substantially contribute to cardiovascular mortality, with heterogeneous spatiotemporal patterns. Effective mitigation and adaptation strategies are crucial, especially given the increasing heat-related cardiovascular deaths amid climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hundessa
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wenzhong Huang
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bo Wen
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barrak Alahmad
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ben Armstrong
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Environment & Health Modelling (EHM) Lab, Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Sera
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Shilu Tong
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Joana Madureira
- Environmental Health Department, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jan Kyselý
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Hales
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Amanda Johnson
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Yuming Guo
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Pińskwar I, Choryński A, Graczyk D. Good weather for a ride (or not?): how weather conditions impact road accidents - a case study from Wielkopolska (Poland). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:317-331. [PMID: 38060012 PMCID: PMC10794278 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This study offers a likely assessment of extreme meteorological events' impact on human perceptivity, frame of mind or even health during driving which might have had a consequence as a car accident. Research covered an analysis of car accidents during period 2010-2019 in the Wielkopolska (Poland) and four indices like maximum daily temperature, maximum value of humidex, difference between maximum temperatures observed from day to day and also difference between mean atmospheric pressure at the sea level observed from day to day. A distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) approach was used to obtain the relationship between these indices and car accidents. Our finding evidence that the "good weather for a ride" conditions are actually generating an increased risk of accidents. For indices related to high temperature, i.e., maximum temperature and humidex, it was possible to identify the critical values by which the risks of car accidents were the highest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Pińskwar
- Department of Land Improvement, Environmental Development and Spatial Management, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94E, 60- 649 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Adam Choryński
- Meteorology Laboratory, Department of Construction and Geoengineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dariusz Graczyk
- Department of Land Improvement, Environmental Development and Spatial Management, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94E, 60- 649 Poznań, Poland
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Jalali R, Romaszko J, Dragańska E, Gromadziński L, Cymes I, Sokołowski JB, Poterała M, Markuszewski L, Romaszko-Wojtowicz AM, Jeznach-Steinhagen A, Glińska-Lewczuk K. Heat and cold stress increases the risk of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296412. [PMID: 38165960 PMCID: PMC10760728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is a common arrhythmia in adults. Its occurrence depends on the presence of the reentry circuit and the trigger of the paroxysm. Stress, emotional factors, and comorbidities favour the occurrence of such an episode. We hypothesized that the occurrence of PSVT follows extreme thermal episodes. The retrospective analysis was based on the data collected from three hospital emergency departments in Poland (Olsztyn, Radom, and Wroclaw) involving 816 admissions for PSVT in the period of 2016-2021. To test the hypothesis, we applied the Universal Climate Thermal Index (UTCI) to objectively determine exposure to cold or heat stress. The risk (RR) for PSVT increased to 1.37 (p = 0.006) in cold stress and 1.24 (p = 0.05) in heat stress when compared to thermoneutral conditions. The likelihood of PSVT during cold/heat stress is higher in women (RR = 1.59, p< 0.001 and RR = 1.36, p = 0.024, respectively) than in men (RR = 0.64 at p = 0.088 and RR = 0.78, p = 0.083, respectively). The susceptibility for PSVT was even higher in all groups of women after exclusion of perimenopausal group of women, in thermal stress (RR = 1.74, p< 0.001, RR = 1.56, p = 0.029, respectively). Females, particularly at the perimenopausal stage and men irrespective of age were less likely to develop PSVT under thermal stress as compared to thermoneutral conditions. Progress in climate change requires searching for universal methods and tools to monitor relationships between humans and climate. Our paper confirms that the UTCI is the universal tool describing the impact of thermal stress on the human body and its high usefulness in medical researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Jalali
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jerzy Romaszko
- Department of Family Medicine and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Dragańska
- Department of Water Management and Climatology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Leszek Gromadziński
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Iwona Cymes
- Department of Water Management and Climatology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Poterała
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Science, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Radom, Poland
| | - Leszek Markuszewski
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Science, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Radom, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Romaszko-Wojtowicz
- Department of Pulmonology, School of Public Health, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Glińska-Lewczuk
- Department of Water Management and Climatology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Hsu CY, Wong PY, Chern YR, Lung SCC, Wu CD. Evaluating long-term and high spatiotemporal resolution of wet-bulb globe temperature through land-use based machine learning model. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023:10.1038/s41370-023-00630-1. [PMID: 38104232 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in global temperature and urban warming has led to the exacerbation of heatwaves, which negatively affect human health and cause long-term loss of work productivity. Therefore, a global assessment in temperature variation is essential. OBJECTIVE This paper is the first of its kind to propose land-use based spatial machine learning (LBSM) models for predicting highly spatial-temporal variations of wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), which is a heat stress indicator used to assess thermal comfort in indoor and outdoor environments, specifically for the main island of Taiwan. METHODS To develop spatiotemporal prediction models for both the working period and noon period, we calculated the WBGT of each weather station from 2001 to 2019 using temperature, humidity, and solar radiation data. These WBGT estimations were then used as the dependent variable for developing the spatiotemporal prediction models. To enhance model performance, we used innovative approaches that combined SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values for the selection of non-linear variables, along with machine learning algorithms for model development. RESULTS When incorporating temperature along with other land-use/land cover predictor variables, the performance of LBSM models was excellent, with an R2 value of up to 0.99. The LBSM models explained 98% and 99% of the spatial-temporal variations in WBGT for the working and noon periods, respectively, within the complete models. In the temperature-excluded models, the explained variances were 94% and 96% for the working and noon periods, respectively. IMPACT WBGT is a common method used by many organizations to access the impact of heat stress on human beings. However, limited studies have mentioned the association between WBGT and health impacts due to the absence of spatiotemporal databases. This study develops a new approach using land-use-based spatial machine learning (LBSM) models to better predict the fine spatial-temporal WBGT levels, with a 50-m × 50-m grid resolution for both working time and noontime. Our proposed methodology could be used in future studies aimed at evaluating the potential long-term loss of work productivity due to the effects of global warming or urban heat island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yu Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Wong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yinq-Rong Chern
- Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Candice Lung
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Fonseca-Rodríguez O, Adams RE, Sheridan SC, Schumann B. Projection of extreme heat- and cold-related mortality in Sweden based on the spatial synoptic classification. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117359. [PMID: 37863163 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change is projected to result in increased heat events and decreased cold events. This will substantially impact human health, particularly when compounded with demographic change. This study employed the Spatial Synoptic Classification (SSC) to categorize daily weather into one of seven types. Here we estimated future mortality due to extremely hot and cold weather types under different climate change scenarios for one southern (Stockholm) and one northern (Jämtland) Swedish region. METHODS Time-series Poisson regression with distributed lags was used to assess the relationship between extremely hot and cold weather events and daily deaths in the population above 65 years, with cumulative effects (6 days in summer, 28 days in winter), 1991 to 2014. A global climate model (MPI-M-MPI-ESM-LR) and two climate change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) were used to project the occurrence of hot and cold days from 2031 to 2070. Place-specific projected mortality was calculated to derive attributable numbers and attributable fractions (AF) of heat- and cold-related deaths. RESULTS In Stockholm, for the RCP 4.5 scenario, the mean number of annual deaths attributed to heat increased from 48.7 (CI 32.2-64.2; AF = 0.68%) in 2031-2040 to 90.2 (56.7-120.5; AF = 0.97%) in 2061-2070, respectively. For RCP 8.5, heat-related deaths increased more drastically from 52.1 (33.6-69.7; AF = 0.72%) to 126.4 (68.7-175.8; AF = 1.36%) between the first and the last decade. Cold-related deaths slightly increased over the projected period in both scenarios. In Jämtland, projections showed a small decrease in cold-related deaths but no change in heat-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS In rural northern region of Sweden, a decrease of cold-related deaths represents the dominant trend. In urban southern locations, on the other hand, an increase of heat-related mortality is to be expected. With an increasing elderly population, heat-related mortality will outweigh cold-related mortality at least under the RCP 8.5 scenario, requiring societal adaptation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Fonseca-Rodríguez
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Ryan E Adams
- Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Scott C Sheridan
- Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Barbara Schumann
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
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Zhang N, Cao P, Zhao L, Wang L, Shao W, Li R. Effect of temperature fluctuations in cold seasons on acute myocardial infarction hospitalisations in northeast China: a retrospective observational cohort study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073528. [PMID: 38030250 PMCID: PMC10689419 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the potential influence of ambient temperature on the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). DESIGN A retrospective observational cohort study. SETTING Changchun, a northeastern city in China, has a temperate continental humid climate. PARTICIPANTS 1933 AMI patients admitted to the outpatient department of the First Hospital of Jilin University were included in the study from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019. OUTCOME MEASURE We explored the effect of daily minimum and maximum temperatures, as well as temperature changes on two adjacent days, on the incidence of daily AMI from 1 to 5 days later in Changchun. RESULTS We found that the average daily number of AMI cases was higher from October to April in cold season compared with the period between May and September in warm season. When the daily maximum temperature is ≤-6°C on the -2nd day, the incidence of AMI>3 persons more than doubled (from 8.51% and 10.88% to 20.23%) in the next 2 days (p=0.027); and more than 65% of the days had a maximum temperature fluctuation on |(-2nd day) - (-3rd day)| ≥2°C in these days, the OR of the daily incidence of AMI>3 persons is 3.107 (p=0.018); and in these days with enhanced temperature fluctuations, the proportion of AMI patients with hypertension had increased significantly from 20.83% to 45.39% (p=0.023). CONCLUSION Ambient temperature as environmental factor has a seasonal effect on the incidence of AMI in temperate continental humid climate regions, with a 2-3 days lag. Furthermore, the key factor contributing to the increase in the daily incidence of AMI during the cold season is temperature fluctuations, and maintaining a constant temperature may aid in preventing the occurrence of AMI. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2300068294.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- The Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Pengyu Cao
- The Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lijing Zhao
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- The Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wangshu Shao
- The Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rongyu Li
- The Cardiovascular Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Vésier C, Urban A. Gender inequalities in heat-related mortality in the Czech Republic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00484-023-02507-2. [PMID: 37428233 PMCID: PMC10386945 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
It is acknowledged that climate change exacerbates social inequalities, and women have been reported as more vulnerable to heat than men in many studies in Europe, including the Czech Republic. This study aimed at investigating the associations between daily temperature and mortality in the Czech Republic in the light of a sex and gender perspective, taking into account other factors such as age and marital status. Daily mean temperature and individual mortality data recorded during the five warmest months of the year (from May to September) over the period 1995-2019 were used to fit a quasi-Poisson regression model, which included a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) to account for the delayed and non-linear effects of temperature on mortality. The heat-related mortality risks obtained in each population group were expressed in terms of risk at the 99th percentile of summer temperature relative to the minimum mortality temperature. Women were found generally more at risk to die because of heat than men, and the difference was larger among people over 85 years old. Risks among married people were lower than risks among single, divorced, and widowed people, while risks in divorced women were significantly higher than in divorced men. This is a novel finding which highlights the potential role of gender inequalities in heat-related mortality. Our study underlines the relevance of including a sex and gender dimension in the analysis of the impacts of heat on the population and advocates the development of gender-based adaptation policies to extreme heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Vésier
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš Urban
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Boční II 1401, 141 00, Prague, Czech Republic
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Salvador C, Gullón P, Franco M, Vicedo-Cabrera AM. Heat-related first cardiovascular event incidence in the city of Madrid (Spain): Vulnerability assessment by demographic, socioeconomic, and health indicators. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115698. [PMID: 36931379 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While climate change and population ageing are expected to increase the exposure and vulnerability to extreme heat events, there is emerging evidence suggesting that social inequalities would additionally magnify the projected health impacts. However, limited evidence exists on how social determinants modify heat-related cardiovascular morbidity. This study aims to explore the association between heat and the incidence of first acute cardiovascular event (CVE) in adults in Madrid between 2015 and 2018, and to assess how social context and other individual characteristics modify the estimated association. We performed a case-crossover study using the individual information collected from electronic medical records of 6514 adults aged 40-75 living in Madrid city that suffered a first CVE during summer (June-September) between 2015 and 2018. We applied conditional logistic regression with a distributed lag non-linear model to analyse the heat-CVE association. Estimates were expressed as Odds Ratio (OR) for extreme heat (at 97.5th percentile of daily maximum temperature distribution), compared to the minimum risk temperature. We performed stratified analyses by specific diagnosis, sex, age (40-64, 65-75), country of origin, area-level deprivation, and presence of comorbidities. Overall, the risk of suffering CVE increased by 15.3% (OR: 1.153 [95%CI 1.010-1.317]) during extreme heat. Males were particularly more affected (1.248, [1.059-1.471]), vs 1.039 [0.810-1.331] in females), and non-Spanish population (1.869 [1.28-2.728]), vs 1.084 [0.940-1.250] in Spanish). Similar estimates were found by age groups. We observed a dose-response pattern across deprivation levels, with larger risks in populations with higher deprivation (1.228 [1.031-1.462]) and almost null association in the lowest deprivation group (1.062 [0.836-1.349]). No clear patterns of larger vulnerability were found by presence of comorbidity. We found that heat unequally increased the risk of suffering CVE in adults in Madrid, affecting mainly males and deprived populations. Local measures should pay special attention to vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral Salvador
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Environmental Physics Laboratory (EPhysLab), Ourense, Spain; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Gullón
- Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología y Salud Pública Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Manuel Franco
- Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología y Salud Pública Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md, 21205-2217, USA.
| | - Ana M Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Wu Q, Yang M, Wu K, Su H, Huang C, Xu Z, Ho HC, Zheng H, Zhang W, Tao J, Dang TAT, Hossain MZ, Khan MA, Bogale D, Cheng J. Abnormal ambient temperature change increases the risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis of exposure types, risk, and vulnerable populations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160554. [PMID: 36574560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence in support of a short-term association between ambient temperature and cardiac arrest attacks that is a serious manifestation of cardiovascular disease and has a high incidence and low survival rate. However, it remains unrecognized about the hazardous temperature exposure types, exposure risk magnitude, and vulnerable populations. OBJECTIVES We comprehensively summarize prior epidemiological studies looking at the short-term associations of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with various temperature exposures among different populations. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases from inception to October 2021 for eligible English language. Temperature exposure was categorized into three types: heat (included high temperature, extreme heat, and heatwave), cold (included low temperature and extreme cold), and temperature variation (included diurnal temperature range and temperature change between two adjacent days). Meta-analysis weighted by inverse variance was used to pool effect estimates. RESULTS This study included 15 studies from 8 countries, totaling around 1 million OHCA events. Extreme heat and extreme cold were significantly associated with an increased risk of OHCA, and the pooled relative risks (RRs) were 1.071 [95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.019-1.126] and 1.662 (95%CI: 1.138-2.427), respectively. The risk of OHCA was also elevated by heatwaves (RR = 1.248, 95%CI: 1.091-1.427) and more intensive heatwaves had a greater effect. Notably, the elderly and males seemed to be more vulnerable to the effects of heat and cold. However, we did not observe a significant association between temperature variation and the risk of OHCA (1.005, 95%CI: 0.999-1.012). CONCLUSION Short-term exposure to heat and cold may be novel risk factors for OHCA. Considering available studies in limited regions, the temperature effect on OHCA should be urgently confirmed in different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Keyu Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Junwen Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Thi Anh Thu Dang
- Institute for Community Health Research, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Vietnam
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Alfazal Khan
- Matlab Health Research Centre, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Daniel Bogale
- College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asela, Ethiopia
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China.
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10
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Bühler JL, Shrikhande S, Kapwata T, Cissé G, Liang Y, Pedder H, Kwiatkowski M, Kunene Z, Mathee A, Peer N, Wright CY. The Association between Apparent Temperature and Hospital Admissions for Cardiovascular Disease in Limpopo Province, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010116. [PMID: 36612437 PMCID: PMC9820030 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have a high disease burden both globally and in South Africa. They have also been found to be temperature-sensitive globally. The association between temperature and CVD morbidity has previously been demonstrated, but little is known about it in South Africa. It is important to understand how changes in temperature in South Africa will affect CVD morbidity, especially in rural regions, to inform public health interventions and adaptation strategies. This study aimed to determine the short-term effect of apparent temperature (Tapp) on CVD hospital admissions in Mopani District, Limpopo province, South Africa. A total of 3124 CVD hospital admissions records were obtained from two hospitals from 1 June 2009 to 31 December 2016. Daily Tapp was calculated using nearby weather station measurements. The association was modelled using a distributed lag non-linear model with a negative binomial regression over a 21-day lag period. The fraction of morbidity attributable to non-optimal Tapp, i.e., cold (6-25 °C) and warm (27-32 °C) Tapp was reported. We found an increase in the proportion of admissions due to CVDs for warm and cold Tapp cumulatively over 21 days. Increasing CVD admissions due to warm Tapp appeared immediately and lasted for two to four days, whereas the lag-structure for the cold effect was inconsistent. A proportion of 8.5% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3.1%, 13.7%) and 1.1% (95% CI: -1.4%, 3.5%) of the total CVD admissions was attributable to cold and warm temperatures, respectively. Warm and cold Tapp may increase CVD admissions, suggesting that the healthcare system and community need to be prepared in the context of global temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Lisa Bühler
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shreya Shrikhande
- Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thandi Kapwata
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Johannesburg 2094, South Africa
- Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2094, South Africa
| | - Guéladio Cissé
- Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yajun Liang
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugo Pedder
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Marek Kwiatkowski
- Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zamantimande Kunene
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Johannesburg 2094, South Africa
| | - Angela Mathee
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Johannesburg 2094, South Africa
- Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2094, South Africa
| | - Nasheeta Peer
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban 4091, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Caradee Y. Wright
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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11
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López-Bueno JA, Navas-Martín MA, Díaz J, Mirón IJ, Luna MY, Sánchez-Martínez G, Culqui D, Linares C. Population vulnerability to extreme cold days in rural and urban municipalities in ten provinces in Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158165. [PMID: 35988600 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective was to analyze whether there are differences in vulnerability to Extreme Cold Days (ECD) between rural and urban populations in Spain. METHODOLOGY Time series analysis carried out from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2013. Municipalities with over 10,000 inhabitants were included from 10 Spanish provinces, classified into 42 groups by isoclimate and urban/rural character as defined by Eurostat criteria. The statistical strategy was carried out in two phases. First: It was analyzed the relationship between minimum daily temperature (Tmin) (source: AEMET) and the rate of daily winter mortality due to natural causes -CIE-10: A00 - R99- (source: National Statistics Institute). Then, It was determinated the threshold of Tmin that defines the ECD and its percentile in the series of winter Tmin (Pthreshold), which is a measure of vulnerability to ECD so that the higher the percentile, the higher the vulnerability. Second: possible explanatory variables of vulnerability were explored using Mixed Generalized Models, using 13 independent variables related to meteorology, environment, socioeconomics, demographics and housing quality. RESULTS The average Pthreshold was 18 %. The final model indicated that for each percentage point increase in unemployment, the vulnerability to ECD increased by 0.4 (0.2, 0.6) points. Also, with each point increase in rurality index, this vulnerability decreased by -6.1 (-2.1, -10.0) points. Although less determinant, other factors that could contribute to explaining vulnerability at the province level included minimum winter daily temperatures and the percentage of housing with poor insulation. CONCLUSIONS The vulnerability to ECD was greater in urban zones than in rural zones. Socioeconomic status is a key to understanding how this vulnerability is distributed. These results suggest the need to implement public health prevention plans to address ECD at the state level. These plans should be based on threshold temperatures determined at the smallest scale possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A López-Bueno
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M A Navas-Martín
- Escuela Nacional de Salud, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Díaz
- Escuela Nacional de Salud, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - I J Mirón
- Consejería de Sanidad, Junta de Comunidades de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - M Y Luna
- Agencia Estatal de Meteorología, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - D Culqui
- Escuela Nacional de Salud, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Linares
- Escuela Nacional de Salud, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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12
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He F, Wei J, Dong Y, Liu C, Zhao K, Peng W, Lu Z, Zhang B, Xue F, Guo X, Jia X. Associations of ambient temperature with mortality for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and the modification effects of greenness in Shandong Province, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158046. [PMID: 35987239 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is scant on the relative and attributable contributions of ambient temperature on stroke subtypes mortality. Few studies have examined modification effects of multiple greenness indicators on such contributions, especially in China. We quantified the associations between ambient temperature and overall, ischemic, and hemorrhagic stroke mortality; further examined whether the associations were modified by greenness. METHODS We conducted a multicenter time-series analysis from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2019. we adopted a distributed lag non-linear model to evaluate county-specific temperature-stroke mortality associations. We then applied a random-effects meta-analysis to pool county-specific effects. Attributable mortality was calculated for cold and heat, defined as temperatures below and above the minimum mortality temperature (MMT). Finally, We conducted a multivariate meta-regression to determine associations between greenness and stroke mortality risks for cold and heat, using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) as quantitative indicators of greenness exposure. RESULTS In the study period, 138,749 deaths from total stroke were reported: 86,873 ischemic and 51,876 hemorrhagic stroke. We observed significant W-shaped relationships between temperature and stroke mortality, with substantial differences among counties and regions. With MMT as the temperature threshold, 17.16 % (95 % empirical CI, 13.38 %-19.75 %) of overall, 20.05 % (95 % eCI, 16.46 %-22.70 %) of ischemic, and 12.55 % (95 % eCI, 5.59 %-16.24 %) of hemorrhagic stroke mortality were attributable to non-optimum temperature (combining cold and heat), more mortality was caused by cold (14.94 %; 95 % eCI, 11.57 %-17.34 %) than by heat (2.22 %; 95 % eCI, 1.54 %-2.72 %). Higher levels of NDVI, SAVI and EVI were related to mitigated effects of non-optimum temperatures-especially heat. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to non-optimum temperatures aggravated stroke mortality risks; increasing greenness could alleviate that risks. This evidence has important implications for local communities in developing adaptive strategies to minimize the health consequences of adverse temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen He
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yilin Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wenjia Peng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Lu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Bingyin Zhang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China.
| | - Xianjie Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.
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13
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Cong J, Wang LB, Liu FJ, Qian ZM, McMillin SE, Vaughn MG, Song Y, Wang S, Chen S, Xiong S, Shen X, Sun X, Zhou Y, Ho HC, Dong GH. Associations between metabolic syndrome and anthropogenic heat emissions in northeastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111974. [PMID: 34480945 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research attention has been paid to anthropogenic heat emissions (AE), temperature increase generated by human activity such as lighting, transportation, manufacturing, construction, and building climate controls. However, there is no epidemiological data available to investigate the association between anthropogenic heat emissions and metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of conditions that increase risk of stroke, heart disease and diabetes. OBJECTIVE To explore the relationships between AE and MetS in China. METHODS We recruited 15,477 adults from the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study, a cross-sectional study in northeastern China. We retrieved anthropogenic heat flux by collecting socio-economic and energy consumption data as well as satellite-based nighttime light and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index datasets, including emissions from buildings, transportation, human metabolism, and industries. We also measured MetS components consisting of triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure, and waist circumference. Restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the associations between AE and MetS. RESULTS The median flux of total AE was 30.98 W/m2 and industrial AE was the dominant contributor (87.64%). The adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) of MetS for the 75th and 95th percentiles of the total AE against the threshold were 1.29 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.38) and 1.65 (95% CI: 1.47, 1.85). Greater AE was associated with higher odds of MetS in a dose-response pattern, and the lowest point of U-shape curve indicated the threshold effect. Participants who are young and middle-aged exhibited stronger associations between AE and MetS. CONCLUSIONS Our novel findings reveal that AE are positively associated with MetS and that associations are modified by age. Further investigations into the mechanisms of the effects are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Cong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenyang, 110011, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Le-Bing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fang-Jie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Stephen Edward McMillin
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Yimeng Song
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - ShanShan Chen
- Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, School of Earth and Space Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shimin Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563060, China
| | - Xubo Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563060, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenyang, 110011, China.
| | - Yuanzhong Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563060, China.
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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14
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Heat-Related Mortality in Two Regions of Poland: Focus on Urban and Rural Areas during the Most Severe and Long-Lasting Heatwaves. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of studies on heat-related mortality are focused on large cities. The aim of this study is to fill this research gap and to estimate the impact of high temperatures on the risk of death in smaller towns and villages. The results show that increased mortality is not only a problem in large cities. The risk of death, although usually slightly lower than in highly populated areas, may be higher for the age-related risk group. At temperatures above 35 °C, it may exceed 1.3 in smaller towns and even 1.6 in villages. The increase in mortality during five selected heat waves of high intensity and long duration was also studied for two regions of Poland: Małopolska and Wielkopolska. Towns with a population of less than 10,000 in Małopolska region, during the 2006 heatwave, experienced an increase in the number of deaths by as much as 18%. At the same time in the largest city of Małopolska-Kraków, the death toll rose by 4%. This paper also presents some differences between regions in terms of the impact of heat waves: in the lowland region of Wielkopolska, the mortality rate is generally higher than in the upland region of Małopolska.
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15
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Scripcă AS, Acquaotta F, Croitoru AE, Fratianni S. The impact of extreme temperatures on human mortality in the most populated cities of Romania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:189-199. [PMID: 34739588 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of extreme weather conditions on humans is one of the most important topics in biometeorology studies. The main objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between temperature-related weather conditions and natural mortality in the five most populated cities of Romania, namely, Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Constanța, Iași, and Timișoara. The results of this study aim to bridge a gap in national research. In the present paper, we used daily natural mortality data and daily minimum and maximum air temperatures. The distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) allowed us to identify weather conditions associated with natural mortality. The most important results are as follows: (i) a higher daily mortality is related to a high frequency of heat stress conditions; (ii) a higher maximum temperature increases the relative risk (RR) of natural mortality; (iii) the maximum number of fatalities is recorded on the first day of high-temperature events; and (iv) individuals much more easily adapt to cold stress conditions. The main conclusion in this study is that the inhabitants of the most populated cities in Romania are more sensitive to high-temperature stress than to low-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Sabina Scripcă
- Doctoral School of Geography, Babeș-Bolyai University, 5-7, Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Fiorella Acquaotta
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Turin, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125, Turin, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale Sui Rischi Naturali in Ambiente Montano E Collinare, NatRisk University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Adina-Eliza Croitoru
- Department of Physical and Technical Geography, Babeș-Bolyai University, 5-7, Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Research Centre for Sustainable Development, Babeș-Bolyai University, 5-7, Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Simona Fratianni
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Turin, Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125, Turin, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale Sui Rischi Naturali in Ambiente Montano E Collinare, NatRisk University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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16
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Heo S, Chen C, Kim H, Sabath B, Dominici F, Warren JL, Di Q, Schwartz J, Bell ML. Temporal changes in associations between high temperature and hospitalizations by greenspace: Analysis in the Medicare population in 40 U.S. northeast counties. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106737. [PMID: 34218185 PMCID: PMC8380720 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although research indicates health and well-being benefits of greenspace, little is known regarding how greenspace may influence adaptation to health risks from heat, particularly how these risks change over time. Using daily hospitalization rates of Medicare beneficiaries ≥65 years for 2000-2016 in 40 U.S. Northeastern urban counties, we assessed how temperature-related hospitalizations from cardiovascular causes (CVD) and heat stroke (HS) changed over time. We analyzed effect modification of those temporal changes by Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), approximating greenspace. We used a two-stage analysis including a generalized additive model and meta-analysis. Results showed that relative risk (RR) (per 1 °C increase in lag0-3 temperature) for temperature-HS hospitalization was higher in counties with the lowest quartile EVI (RR = 2.7, 95% CI: 2.0, 3.4) compared to counties with the highest quartile EVI (RR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.14, 1.13) in the early part of the study period (2000-2004). RR of HS decreased to 0.88 (95% CI: 0.31, 2.53) in 2013-2016 in counties with the lowest quartile EVI. RR for HS changed over time in counties in the highest quartile EVI, with RRs of 0.4 (95% CI: -0.7, 1.4) in 2000-2004 and 2.4 (95% CI: 1.6, 3.2) in 2013-2016. Findings suggest that adaptation to heat-health associations vary by greenness. Greenspace may help lower risks from heat but such health risks warrant continuous local efforts such as heat-health plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulkee Heo
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Chen Chen
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Honghyok Kim
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Benjamin Sabath
- Harvard T.H. CHAN School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Harvard T.H. CHAN School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Joshua L Warren
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Qian Di
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Harvard T.H. CHAN School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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17
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López-Bueno JA, Linares C, Sánchez-Guevara C, Martinez GS, Mirón IJ, Núñez-Peiró M, Valero I, Díaz J. The effect of cold waves on daily mortality in districts in Madrid considering sociodemographic variables. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:142364. [PMID: 33370923 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While there is much research that focuses on the association between cold waves and their impacts on daily mortality at the city level, few analyze the impact related to social context and demographic variables at levels lower than the municipal. The objective of this study was to determine the role of the percentage of people over age 65, income level and percentage of homes without heating in the analysis of the impact of cold waves on daily mortality between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2013 in different districts of the municipality of Madrid. We calculated Relative Risks (RR) and Attributable Risks (RA) for each of 17 districts to determine correlations between the effect of cold waves and daily mortality due to natural causes (CIEX: A00-R99) using Generalized Linear Models (GLM) of the Poisson family (link log). The pattern of risks obtained by district was analyzed using binomial family models (link logit), considering socioeconomic and demographic variables. In terms of results, an impact of cold on mortality was detected in 9 of the 17 districts analyzed. The analysis of risk patterns revealed that the probability of detecting an impact in a district increases in a statistically significant way (p-value <0.05) with a higher percentage of homes without heating systems and a higher percentage of population over age 65. The results obtained identify the factors that should be considered in public health policies that target the district level to reduce the impact of cold waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A López-Bueno
- Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - C Linares
- Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - C Sánchez-Guevara
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
| | | | - I J Mirón
- Consejería de Sanidad, Junta de Comunidades de Castilla- La Mancha, Spain
| | - M Núñez-Peiró
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
| | - I Valero
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
| | - J Díaz
- Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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18
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Xing Q, Sun Z, Tao Y, Zhang X, Miao S, Zheng C, Tong S. Impacts of urbanization on the temperature-cardiovascular mortality relationship in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110234. [PMID: 32956657 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of temperature on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has been extensively studied. However, it remains largely unknown over whether there is any difference between urban and suburban areas within the same city and how urbanization modifies the relationship between temperature and CVD mortality. In order to examine whether the association between temperature and CVD mortality existed difference in urban and suburban areas, and how urbanization modified this association, we used a distributed lag nonlinear model and a generalized additive model to investigate temperature-related CVD mortality in urban and suburban areas in Beijing, China, from 2006 to 2011. The age, gender, and educational attainment of the population were stratified to explore the modifying effect. We observed that the impacts of heat and cold temperature on CVD mortality were higher in suburban areas than in urban areas. In addition, the elderly and illiterate subjects in suburban areas were more vulnerable to both heat and cold than their counterparts in urban areas. Moreover, higher urbanization levels were significantly associated with districts having lower the excess risks for temperature- CVD mortality. Our findings provide evidence that populations in suburban Beijing have higher risk of temperature-related CVD mortality than those in urban areas. Therefore, greater attention should be paid to vulnerable groups in suburban areas to reduce temperature-related health burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xing
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - ZhaoBin Sun
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China.
| | - Yan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Shiguang Miao
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Canjun Zheng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shilu Tong
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia
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Xu R, Zhao Q, Coelho MSZS, Saldiva PHN, Abramson MJ, Li S, Guo Y. Socioeconomic level and associations between heat exposure and all-cause and cause-specific hospitalization in 1,814 Brazilian cities: A nationwide case-crossover study. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003369. [PMID: 33031393 PMCID: PMC7544074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat exposure, which will increase with global warming, has been linked to increased risk of a range of types of cause-specific hospitalizations. However, little is known about socioeconomic disparities in vulnerability to heat. We aimed to evaluate whether there were socioeconomic disparities in vulnerability to heat-related all-cause and cause-specific hospitalization among Brazilian cities. METHODS AND FINDINGS We collected daily hospitalization and weather data in the hot season (city-specific 4 adjacent hottest months each year) during 2000-2015 from 1,814 Brazilian cities covering 78.4% of the Brazilian population. A time-stratified case-crossover design modeled by quasi-Poisson regression and a distributed lag model was used to estimate city-specific heat-hospitalization association. Then meta-analysis was used to synthesize city-specific estimates according to different socioeconomic quartiles or levels. We included 49 million hospitalizations (58.5% female; median [interquartile range] age: 33.3 [19.8-55.7] years). For cities of lower middle income (LMI), upper middle income (UMI), and high income (HI) according to the World Bank's classification, every 5°C increase in daily mean temperature during the hot season was associated with a 5.1% (95% CI 4.4%-5.7%, P < 0.001), 3.7% (3.3%-4.0%, P < 0.001), and 2.6% (1.7%-3.4%, P < 0.001) increase in all-cause hospitalization, respectively. The inter-city socioeconomic disparities in the association were strongest for children and adolescents (0-19 years) (increased all-cause hospitalization risk with every 5°C increase [95% CI]: 9.9% [8.7%-11.1%], P < 0.001, in LMI cities versus 5.2% [4.1%-6.3%], P < 0.001, in HI cities). The disparities were particularly evident for hospitalization due to certain diseases, including ischemic heart disease (increase in cause-specific hospitalization risk with every 5°C increase [95% CI]: 5.6% [-0.2% to 11.8%], P = 0.060, in LMI cities versus 0.5% [-2.1% to 3.1%], P = 0.717, in HI cities), asthma (3.7% [0.3%-7.1%], P = 0.031, versus -6.4% [-12.1% to -0.3%], P = 0.041), pneumonia (8.0% [5.6%-10.4%], P < 0.001, versus 3.8% [1.1%-6.5%], P = 0.005), renal diseases (9.6% [6.2%-13.1%], P < 0.001, versus 4.9% [1.8%-8.0%], P = 0.002), mental health conditions (17.2% [8.4%-26.8%], P < 0.001, versus 5.5% [-1.4% to 13.0%], P = 0.121), and neoplasms (3.1% [0.7%-5.5%], P = 0.011, versus -0.1% [-2.1% to 2.0%], P = 0.939). The disparities were similar when stratifying the cities by other socioeconomic indicators (urbanization rate, literacy rate, and household income). The main limitations were lack of data on personal exposure to temperature, and that our city-level analysis did not assess intra-city or individual-level socioeconomic disparities and could not exclude confounding effects of some unmeasured variables. CONCLUSIONS Less developed cities displayed stronger associations between heat exposure and all-cause hospitalizations and certain types of cause-specific hospitalizations in Brazil. This may exacerbate the existing geographical health and socioeconomic inequalities under a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Xu
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Michael J. Abramson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Huang H, Deng X, Yang H, Zhou X, Jia Q. Spatio-Temporal Mechanism Underlying the Effect of Urban Heat Island on Cardiovascular Diseases. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 49:1455-1466. [PMID: 33083322 PMCID: PMC7554388 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v49i8.3889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: We explored the spatio-temporal characteristics of urban heat island (UHI) effect on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Methods: The land surface temperatures (LST) were retrieved from four Landsat remote-sensing images’ data, the temperature data from 95 meteorological stations, and analysis data on CVDs mortality. Based on these data, landscape pattern indexes were used to analyze the pattern-process-function and the mechanism. Results: During 1984–2017, the effects of UHI on CVDs increased, thereby increased the mortality by 28.8%. The affected areas gradually expand from the central area of the city and undergo three evolution stages; the highly affected areas are mainly distributed in central and southern regions, and patches increase in number. The areas and ratio of high-level patches also show an upward tendency, increasing dominance in the overall landscape. Patches of the overall landscape become more complicated in shape, whereas those of high-level ones become less complicated. Concentration degree of the overall landscape decreases gradually with the types of landscapes patches increasing, reaching a rather even space distribution. Conclusion: Increased temperatures exacerbated by UHI lead to increased CVD mortality. As cities expand, the effects of UHI on CVDs increase in terms of both intensity and areas, with the overall landscape in uneven distribution, high-level affected areas in point distribution, and low-level ones in large-area concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanchun Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Deng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hailin Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinhui Zhou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Jia
- College of Arts and Design, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
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21
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Aklilu D, Wang T, Amsalu E, Feng W, Li Z, Li X, Tao L, Luo Y, Guo M, Liu X, Guo X. Short-term effects of extreme temperatures on cause specific cardiovascular admissions in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109455. [PMID: 32311528 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Extreme temperature-related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become a growing public health concern. However, the impact of temperature on the cause of specific CVDs has not been well studied in the study area. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of temperature on cause-specific cardiovascular hospital admissions in Beijing, China. We obtained data from 172 large general hospitals from the Beijing Public Health Information Center Cardiovascular Case Database and China. Meteorological Administration covering 16 districts in Beijing from 2013 to 2017. We used a time-stratified case crossover design with a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to derive the impact of temperature on CVD in hospitals back to 27 days on CVD admissions. The temperature data were stratified as cold (extreme and moderate ) and hot (moderate and extreme ). Within five years (January 2013-December 2017), a total of 460,938 (male 54.9% and female 45.1%) CVD admission cases were reported. The exposure-response relationship for hospitalization was described by a "J" shape for the total and cause-specific. An increase in the six-day moving average temperature from moderate hot (30.2 °C) to extreme hot (36.9 °C) resulted in a significant increase in CVD admissions of 16.1%(95% CI = 12.8%-28.9%). However, the effect of cold temperature exposure on CVD admissions over a lag time of 0-27 days was found to be non significant, with a relative risk of 0.45 (95% CI = 0.378-0.55) for extreme cold (-8.5 °C)and 0.53 (95% CI = 0.47-0.60) for moderate cold (-5.6 °C). The results of this study indicate that exposure to extremely high temperatures is highly associated with an increase in cause-specific CVD admissions. These finding may guide to create and raise awareness of the general population, government and private sectors regarding on the effects of current weather conditions on CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deginet Aklilu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning Information Center, China
| | - Endwoke Amsalu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lixin Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Moning Guo
- Beijing Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning Information Center, China
| | - Xiangtong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Chai G, He H, Su Y, Sha Y, Zong S. Lag effect of air temperature on the incidence of respiratory diseases in Lanzhou, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2020; 64:83-93. [PMID: 31612311 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01795-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have found that ambient temperature was associated with respiratory disease. However, little evidence is available in Lanzhou, a semi-arid region in northwest China, and respiratory disease is not well understood. This study evaluated the risk of outpatient visits for respiratory diseases associated with ambient temperatures from 2007 to 2016 in Lanzhou. We used a distributed lag non-linear model coupled with a generalized additive model to estimate the association between daily temperature and hospital visits for respiratory diseases in age- and sex-specific groups. Over 10 years, 1,042,656 hospital visits were recorded for respiratory disease, the ratio between males and females was 1.21:1. The peak period of onset occurs from November of the current year to March of the following year. Both low and high temperatures were associated with an increased risk of hospital visits for respiratory illness. The results showed that a large temperature decrease was associated with a significant risk for respiratory disease, the maximum effect of a temperature drop was reached at lag 1~2 days, the extreme low temperature (- 16 °C) had the maximum RR at lag 1, and the RR value was 1.082 (95 % CI 1.025-1.142). The high temperatures (23 °C) had maximum RR for respiratory disease on the current day, and the RR value was 1.099 (95 % CI 1.049-1.152). The high temperatures had acute and short-term effects and declined quickly over time, while the effects in low-temperature ranges were persistent over longer lag periods. Females suffered more from cold-associated morbidity than males. The effects of both hot and cold temperatures were greater among adolescents aged 6-14 years. Our study suggests that ambient temperatures are associated with hospital visits for respiratory illness in Lanzhou, particularly for those who are female and young. Caregivers and health practitioners should be made aware of the potential threat posed by cold and hot temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Chai
- School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Hospital Management Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua He
- School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Hospital Management Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yana Su
- School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Hospital Management Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- College of Economics and Management, Lanzhou Institute of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Sha
- School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
- Hospital Management Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengliang Zong
- School of Management, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Hospital Management Research Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
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Silveira IH, Oliveira BFA, Cortes TR, Junger WL. The effect of ambient temperature on cardiovascular mortality in 27 Brazilian cities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:996-1004. [PMID: 31326821 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence on the relationship between temperature and cardiovascular mortality in middle and low-income countries, particularly in Latin America. In this study, we investigated the total effect of temperature on cardiovascular mortality in 27 Brazilian cities, and the effect modification by geographic, socioeconomic, demographic and infrastructure characteristics within cities. METHODS In the city-specific analysis, we used time-series analyses to estimate the relationship between mean temperature and daily cardiovascular mortality using quasi-Poisson generalized linear models combined with distributed lag non-linear models. In the second stage, a meta-analysis was used to pool the effects of temperature on cardiovascular mortality for Brazil and its five regions (Central-West, North, Northeast, South, and Southeast). We used a meta-regression to examine the effect modification of city-specific geographic, socioeconomic, demographic and infrastructure-related variables. RESULTS The risks associated with temperature varied across the locations. Higher cardiovascular mortality was associated with low and high temperatures in most of the cities, Brazil and the Central-West, North, South, and Southeast regions. The overall relative risk (RR) for Brazil was 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17-1.35) for the 1st percentile of temperature and 1.07 (95% CI: 1.01-1.13) for the 99th percentile of temperature versus the 79th percentile (27.7 °C), where RR was lowest. The temperature range was the variable that best explained the variation in effects among the cities, with greater effects in locations having a broader range. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate effects of low and high temperatures on the risk of cardiovascular mortality in most of Brazil's capital cities, besides a pooled effect for Brazil and the Central-West, North, South, and Southeast regions. These findings can help inform public policies addressing the health impact of temperature extremes, especially in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Henrique Silveira
- Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Sala 7013-D, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro Cep: 20550-013, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Fátima Alves Oliveira
- Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Sala 7013-D, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro Cep: 20550-013, RJ, Brazil
| | - Taísa Rodrigues Cortes
- Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Sala 7013-D, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro Cep: 20550-013, RJ, Brazil
| | - Washington Leite Junger
- Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Sala 7013-D, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro Cep: 20550-013, RJ, Brazil
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Mapping the increased minimum mortality temperatures in the context of global climate change. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4640. [PMID: 31604931 PMCID: PMC6789034 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Minimum mortality temperature (MMT) is an important indicator to assess the temperature–mortality relationship. It reflects human adaptability to local climate. The existing MMT estimates were usually based on case studies in data rich regions, and limited evidence about MMT was available at a global scale. It is still unclear what the most significant driver of MMT is and how MMT will change under global climate change. Here, by analysing MMTs in 420 locations covering six continents (Antarctica was excluded) in the world, we found that although the MMT changes geographically, it is very close to the local most frequent temperature (MFT) in the same period. The association between MFT and MMT is not changed when we adjust for latitude and study year. Based on the MFT~MMT association, we estimate and map the global distribution of MMTs in the present (2010s) and the future (2050s) for the first time. Minimum mortality temperature (MMT) changes geographically and over time. Here, by analysing MMTs in 420 global locations during 1984-2018, the authors found that MMT is very close to the local most frequent temperature (MFT) in the same period, and the association between MFT and MMT is not changed when adjusted for lattitude and study year.
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25
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Díaz J, López-Bueno JA, Sáez M, Mirón IJ, Luna MY, Sánchez-Martínez G, Carmona R, Barceló MA, Linares C. Will there be cold-related mortality in Spain over the 2021-2050 and 2051-2100 time horizons despite the increase in temperatures as a consequence of climate change? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108557. [PMID: 31265969 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Global warming is resulting in an increase in temperatures which is set to become more marked by the end of the century and depends on the accelerating pace of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Yet even in this scenario, so-called "cold waves" will continue to be generated and have an impact on health. OBJECTIVES This study sought to analyse the impact of cold waves on daily mortality at a provincial level in Spain over the 2021-2050 and 2051-2100 time horizons under RCP4.5 and RCP 8.5 emission scenarios, on the basis of two hypotheses: (1) that the cold-wave definition temperature (T threshold) would not vary over time; and, (2) that there would be a variation in T threshold. MATERIAL AND METHODS The results of a retrospective study undertaken for Spain as a whole across the period 2000-2009 enabled us to ascertain the cold-wave definition temperature at a provincial level and its impact on health, measured by reference to population attributable risk (PAR). The minimum daily temperatures projected for each provincial capital considering the above time horizons and emission scenarios were provided by the State Meteorological Agency. On the basis of the T threshold definition values and minimum daily temperatures projected for each province, we calculated the expected impact of low temperatures on mortality under the above two hypotheses. Keeping the PAR values constant, it was assumed that the mortality rate would vary in accordance with the available data. RESULTS If T threshold remained constant over the above time horizons under both emission scenarios, there would be no cold-related mortality. If T threshold were assumed to vary over time, however, then cold-related mortality would not disappear: it would instead remain practically constant over time and give rise to an estimated overall figure of around 250 deaths per year, equivalent to close on a quarter of Spain's current annual cold-related mortality and entailing a cost of approximately €1000 million per year. CONCLUSION Given that cold waves are not going to disappear and that their impact on mortality is far from negligible and is likely to remain so, public health prevention measures must be implemented to minimise these effects as far as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Díaz
- (a)National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J A López-Bueno
- (a)National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Sáez
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Calle de la Universitat de Girona 10, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, Pabellón 11, Planta Baja, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - I J Mirón
- Torrijos Public Health District, Castile-La Mancha Regional Health Authority (Consejería de Sanidad, Torrijos (Toledo), Spain
| | - M Y Luna
- State Meteorological Agency (Agencia Estatal de Meteorología/AEMET), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - R Carmona
- (a)National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Barceló
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, Calle de la Universitat de Girona 10, Campus de Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, Pabellón 11, Planta Baja, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Linares
- (a)National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Thu Dang TA, Wraith D, Bambrick H, Dung N, Truc TT, Tong S, Naish S, Dunne MP. Short - term effects of temperature on hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction: A comparison between two neighboring climate zones in Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 175:167-177. [PMID: 31128426 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vietnam is one of the countries most affected by climate change, but few studies have focused on the population health effects of climate variation. Extreme heatwaves and cold spells might exacerbate underlying chronic conditions and precipitate hospitalization or early death. This study examined the short-term effects of ambient temperature extremes on hospital admissions (HAs) due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between different climate zones in the Central Coast region of Vietnam. METHODS Information from medical records of all 3328 cases of AMI HAs (with hospital records cross-checked by clinicians) was collected from three hospitals in the South-Central Coast region (tropical savanna climate) and North-Central Coast region (tropical monsoon climate) for the period 2008-2015. Meteorological data were obtained from the National Hydro-Meteorological and Environment Network Centre. We used distributed lag non-linear models to assess the association between daily average temperature and AMI HAs, accounting for long-term trend and other meteorological variables. RESULTS We found a negative and significant association between AMI HAs and temperature in the North-Central Coast region while conversely there was a positive and significant association in the South-Central Coast region. In the North-Central Coast region, the risk of AMI HAs increased by 11% (Relative risk (RR): 1.11, 95% CI: 0.91-1.35, p > 0.05) at moderately low temperatures (10th percentile of temperature range - 18.5 °C) and increased by 25% (RR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.02-1.55, p < 0.05) at extremely low temperatures (5th percentile of temperature range - 16.8 °C). In the South-Central Coast region, the risk of AMI HAs increased by 18% (RR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.95-1.47, p > 0.05) and 36% (RR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.06-1.73, p < 0.05) at moderately high temperatures (90th percentile of temperature range -29.5 °C) and extreme high temperatures (95th percentile of temperature range - 29.9 °C), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Risk of AMI is associated with extremely high and extremely low temperature in Vietnam and the risk varies in relation to the local regional climate. Public health preparedness and multi-level interventions should attempt to reduce people's exposure in periods of disadvantageous temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Anh Thu Dang
- Institute for Community Health Research, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Viet Nam.
| | - Darren Wraith
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hilary Bambrick
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nguyen Dung
- People's Committee of Thua Thien Hue Province, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Viet Nam
| | - Thai Thanh Truc
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Training and Scientific Research, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Shilu Tong
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sue Naish
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael P Dunne
- Institute for Community Health Research, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Viet Nam; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Ho HC, Wong MS. Urban environmental influences on the temperature-mortality relationship associated mental disorders and cardiorespiratory diseases during normal summer days in a subtropical city. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:24272-24285. [PMID: 31230236 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is associated with mortality risk across cities. However, there is lack of study investigating the summer effect on mortality associated with mental/behavioral disorders, especially in cities with subtropical climate. In addition, summer mortality in subtropical cities is different from tropical cities, and previous studies have not investigated the urban environmental inequality on heat mortality associated with mental/behavioral disorders. A register-based study was developed to estimate the temperature effects on decedents on days with 50th percentile of average daily temperature between 2007 and 2014 in Hong Kong (n = 133,359). Poisson regression was firstly applied to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) from the summer temperature effects on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality, and mortality associated with mental/behavioral disorders. For a 1 °C increase in average temperature on days with temperature ≥ 24.51 °C, IRRs of mortality associated with mental and behavioral disorders on lag 0 and lag 1 days were 1.033 [1.004, 1.062] and 1.030 [1.002, 1.060], while temperature effects on cardiovascular mortality and respiratory mortality during normal summer days (not extreme heat events) were not significant. A further investigation with linear regression has shown that decedents with mental/behavioral disorders on higher temperature days resided in areas with lower percentage of sky view, lower percentage of vegetation cover, higher level of neighborhood-level PM2.5, higher level of neighborhood-level NO, and higher level of neighborhood-level black carbon (BC). In order to develop protocols for community healthcare based on the "Leaving no one behind" scheme documented in the 2016 Sustainable Development Goals report of the United Nations, it is necessary to include heat effects on mental/behavioral disorders, especially people with dementia, for community planning and healthcare development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
| | - Man Sing Wong
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
- Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
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Budhathoki NK, Zander KK. Socio-Economic Impact of and Adaptation to Extreme Heat and Cold of Farmers in the Food Bowl of Nepal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1578. [PMID: 31064089 PMCID: PMC6539874 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Farmers worldwide have to deal with increasing climate variability and weather extremes. Most of the previous research has focused on impacts on agricultural production, but little is known about the related social and economic impacts on farmers. In this study, we investigated the social and economic impact of extreme weather events (EWE) on farmers in Nepal, and explored how they coped with and adapted to heat waves and cold spells between 2012 and 2017. To address these aims, we conducted a survey of 350 farms randomly selected from the Bardiya and Banke districts of the Terai lowlands of Nepal. They were specifically asked to rate the impacts of extreme temperatures, as well as their effect on labour productivity and collective farmer health, and the detailed preventative measures they had implemented. About 84% of the farmers self-reported moderate or severe heat stress during the last five years, and about 85%, moderate or severe cold stress. Likewise, the majority of respondents reported that both farmer health and labour productivity had been compromised by EWEs. Productivity loss had a strong association with the perceived levels of heat and cold stress, which, in turn, were more likely to be reported by farmers with previous EWE experience. Potentially due to the increased care required during EWEs, those farmers with livestock reported increased heat and cold stress, as, surprisingly, did those who had implemented adaptation measures. Farmers seemed to be less prepared for potential threats of cold spells than heat waves, and therefore less likely to adopt coping strategies, since these are a recent phenomenon. This study identified some limitations. The cross sectional and self-reported data, as a common source of information to estimate health impact, level of heat/cold stress and labour productivity loss. Community-based education/community engagement programs could be developed to facilitate proactive adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Kaji Budhathoki
- Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Brinkin 0909, Darwin NT, Australia.
| | - Kerstin K Zander
- Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Brinkin 0909, Darwin NT, Australia.
- German Development Institute, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
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Urban A, Hondula DM, Hanzlíková H, Kyselý J. The predictability of heat-related mortality in Prague, Czech Republic, during summer 2015-a comparison of selected thermal indices. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:535-548. [PMID: 30739159 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We compared selected thermal indices in their ability to predict heat-related mortality in Prague, Czech Republic, during the extraordinary summer 2015. Relatively, novel thermal indices-Universal Thermal Climate Index and Excess Heat Factor (EHF)-were compared with more traditional ones (apparent temperature, simplified wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), and physiologically equivalent temperature). The relationships between thermal indices and all-cause relative mortality deviations from the baseline (excess mortality) were estimated by generalized additive models for the extended summer season (May-September) during 1994-2014. The resulting models were applied to predict excess mortality in 2015 based on observed meteorology, and the mortality estimates by different indices were compared. Although all predictors showed a clear association between thermal conditions and excess mortality, we found important variability in their performance. The EHF formula performed best in estimating the intensity of heat waves and magnitude of heat-impacts on excess mortality on the most extreme days. Afternoon WBGT, on the other hand, was most precise in the selection of heat-alert days during the extended summer season, mainly due to a relatively small number of "false alerts" compared to other predictors. Since the main purpose of heat warning systems is identification of days with an increased risk of heat-related death rather than prediction of exact magnitude of the excess mortality, WBGT seemed to be a slightly favorable predictor for such a system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Urban
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Boční II 1401, 141 31, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - David M Hondula
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 875302, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5302, USA
| | - Hana Hanzlíková
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Boční II 1401, 141 31, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Institute of Geophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Boční II 1401, 141 31, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kyselý
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Boční II 1401, 141 31, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Díaz J, Carmona R, Mirón IJ, Luna MY, Linares C. Time trends in the impact attributable to cold days in Spain: Incidence of local factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:305-312. [PMID: 30471598 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While numerous studies have shown that the impact of cold waves is decreasing as result of various processes of adaptation, far fewer have analysed the time trend shown by such impact, and still fewer have done so for the different provinces of a single country, moreover using a specific cold waves definition for each. This study thus aimed to analyse the time trend of the impact of cold days on daily mortality in Spain across the period 1983-2003. METHODS For study purposes, we used daily mortality data for all natural causes except accidents in ten Spanish provinces. The time series was divided into three subperiods. For each period and province, the value of Tthreshold was obtained via the percentile corresponding to the cold day's definition for that province obtained in previous studies. Relative Risks (RRs) and Population Attributable Fraction (PARs) were calculated using Generalised Linear Models (GLMs) with the Poisson regression link. Seasonalities, trends and autoregressive components were controlled. Global RRs and ARs were calculated with the aid of a meta-analysis with random effects for each of the periods. RESULTS The results show that the RRs for Spain as a whole were 1.12 (95% CI: 1.08 1.16) for the first period, 1.15 (95% CI: 1.09 1.22) for the second and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.10 1.26) for the third. The impact of cold days has risen slightly over time, though the differences were not statistically significant. These findings show a clearly different behaviour pattern to that previously found for heat. CONCLUSION The results obtained in this study do not show a downward trend for colds days. The complexity of the biological mechanisms involved in cold-related mortality and the lack of robust results mean that more research must be done in this particular field of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Díaz
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - R Carmona
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - I J Mirón
- Torrijos Public Health District, Castile-La Mancha Regional Health Authority (Consejería de Sanidad), Torrijos, Toledo, Spain
| | - M Y Luna
- State Meteorological Agency (Agencia Estatal de Meteorología/AEMET), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Linares
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Hu K, Guo Y, Hochrainer-Stigler S, Liu W, See L, Yang X, Zhong J, Fei F, Chen F, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Chen G, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Ye T, Ma L, Li S, Qi J. Evidence for Urban-Rural Disparity in Temperature-Mortality Relationships in Zhejiang Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:37001. [PMID: 30822387 PMCID: PMC6768324 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temperature-related mortality risks have mostly been studied in urban areas, with limited evidence for urban-rural differences in the temperature impacts on health outcomes. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether temperature-mortality relationships vary between urban and rural counties in China. METHODS We collected daily data on 1 km gridded temperature and mortality in 89 counties of Zhejiang Province, China, for 2009 and 2015. We first performed a two-stage analysis to estimate the temperature effects on mortality in urban and rural counties. Second, we performed meta-regression to investigate the modifying effect of the urbanization level. Stratified analyses were performed by all-cause, nonaccidental (stratified by age and sex), cardiopulmonary, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality. We also calculated the fraction of mortality and number of deaths attributable to nonoptimum temperatures associated with both cold and heat components. The potential sources of the urban-rural differences were explored using meta-regression with county-level characteristics. RESULTS Increased mortality risks were associated with low and high temperatures in both rural and urban areas, but rural counties had higher relative risks (RRs), attributable fractions of mortality, and attributable death counts than urban counties. The urban-rural disparity was apparent for cold (first percentile relative to minimum mortality temperature), with an RR of 1.47 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32, 1.62] associated with all-cause mortality for urban counties, and 1.98 (95% CI: 1.87, 2.10) for rural counties. Among the potential sources of the urban-rural disparity are age structure, education, GDP, health care services, air conditioners, and occupation types. CONCLUSIONS Rural residents are more sensitive to both cold and hot temperatures than urban residents in Zhejiang Province, China, particularly the elderly. The findings suggest past studies using exposure-response functions derived from urban areas may underestimate the mortality burden for the population as a whole. The public health agencies aimed at controlling temperature-related mortality should develop area-specific strategies, such as to reduce the urban-rural gaps in access to health care and awareness of risk prevention. Future projections on climate health impacts should consider the urban-rural disparity in mortality risks. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3556.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Hu
- 1 Institute of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, Ocean College, Zhejiang University , Zhoushan, China
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Wei Liu
- 3 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis , Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Linda See
- 3 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis , Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Xuchao Yang
- 1 Institute of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, Ocean College, Zhejiang University , Zhoushan, China
- 4 Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jieming Zhong
- 5 Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangrong Fei
- 5 Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- 6 Zhejiang Institute of Meteorological Sciences , Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- 7 Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
- 8 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gongbo Chen
- 9 Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- 1 Institute of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, Ocean College, Zhejiang University , Zhoushan, China
| | - Yizhe Zhang
- 10 School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Ye
- 1 Institute of Island and Coastal Ecosystems, Ocean College, Zhejiang University , Zhoushan, China
| | - Lu Ma
- 7 Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- 2 Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jiaguo Qi
- 4 Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Yin Q, Wang J, Su J, Wei Z. A new method to estimate the temperature-CVD mortality relationship. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:8895-8901. [PMID: 30715716 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Few detailed, individual-focused studies have researched the added effect of temperature on cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly in China. Moreover, no prior studies have explored the exposure-response relationship among all populations and different sub-sociodemographic groups. A distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was applied to evaluate the adverse health effects of temperature on CVD mortality for all populations and different sub-sociodemographic groups (by age, sex, educational level, living arrangement, and occupation) in Beijing. Based on the exposure-response relationships, firstly, we proposed a new model (COCKTAIL, Code Of Climate Key To An Ill) for revealing the split-and-merge relationships of the temperature-CVD mortality curve. This method could be used to apply the CVD deaths in a studied area to forecast the exposure-response relationships in the same area in the future. Secondly, this is the most detailed study to analyze the relationship between temperature and CVD mortality for different subgroups among the existing researches for developed and developing countries. We found that the cold temperature (at - 14 °C) was the risk factor for people with low socioeconomic status, especially for single people (including unmarried, divorced, and widowed), for indoor workers, and for people with low education, compared with the minimum mortality temperature, with a cumulative increase of 3.9 (80%CI, 2.9-5.4), 3.8 (80%CI, 2.8-5.1), and 4.5 (80%CI, 3.1-6.3) times respectively. Meanwhile, the hot temperature (at 35 °C) was the risk factor for CVD death, with a cumulative increase of 2.6 (80%CI, 2.0-3.4) for females, and 3.1 (80%CI, 2.4-4.2) for single people. The varying CVD vulnerability in terms of CVD mortality among various groups may assist governments in preparing health resources and taking measures to prevent or reduce temperature-related deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resources Research, A11, Datun Road, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resources Research, A11, Datun Road, Beijing, China.
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianting Su
- Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zaihua Wei
- Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
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Heo S, Bell ML, Lee JT. Comparison of health risks by heat wave definition: Applicability of wet-bulb globe temperature for heat wave criteria. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 168:158-170. [PMID: 30316101 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite the active applications of thermal comfort indices for heat wave definitions, there is lack of evaluation for the impact of extended days of high temperature on health outcomes using many of the indices. This study compared the impact of heat waves on health outcomes among different heat wave definitions based on thermal comfort and air temperature. We compared heat waves in South Korea (cities and provinces) for the warm season for 2011-2014, using air temperature, heat index (HI), and web-bulb globe temperature (WBGT). Heat waves were defined as days with daily maximum values of each index at a specified threshold (literature-based, the 90th and 95th percentiles) or above. Distributed lag non-linear models and meta-analysis were used to estimate risk of mortality and hospitalization for all-causes, cardiovascular causes, respiratory causes and heat disorders during heat wave days compared to non-heat wave days. WBGT identified 1.15 times longer maximum heat wave duration for the study periods than air temperature when the thresholds were based on 90th and 95th percentiles. Over the study period, for heat waves defined by WBGT and HI, the Southwestern region showed the highest total number of heat wave days, whereas for air temperature the longest heat wave days were identified in the southeastern region. The highest and most significant impact of heat waves were found by WBGT for hospitalization from heat disorders (Relative risk = 2.959, 95% CI: 1.566-5.594). In sensitivity analyses using different structure of lags and temperature metrics (e.g., daily mean and minimum), the impacts of heat waves on most health outcomes substantially increased by using WBGT for heat wave definitions. As a result, WBGT and its thresholds can be used to relate heat waves and heat-related diseases to improve the prevention effectiveness of heat wave warnings and give informative health guidelines according to the range of WBGT thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulkee Heo
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, United States.
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Jong-Tae Lee
- School of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a well-studied phenomenon, whereby urban areas are generally warmer than surrounding suburban and rural areas. The most direct effect on health from the UHI is due to heat risk, which is exacerbated in urban areas, particularly during heat waves. However, there may be health benefits from warming during colder months. This review highlights recent attempts to quantitatively estimate the health impacts of the UHI and estimations of the health benefits of UHI mitigation measures. RECENT FINDINGS Climate change, increasing urbanisation and an ageing population in much of the world, is likely to increase the risks to health from the UHI, particularly from heat exposure. Studies have shown increased health risks in urban populations compared with rural or suburban populations in hot weather and a disproportionate impact on more vulnerable social groups. Estimations of the impacts of various mitigation techniques suggest that a range of measures could reduce health impacts from heat and bring other benefits to health and wellbeing. The impact of the UHI on heat-related health is significant, although often overlooked, particularly when considering future impacts associated with climate change. Multiple factors should be considered when designing mitigation measures in urban environments in order to maximise health benefits and avoid unintended negative effects.
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Błażejczyk A, Błażejczyk K, Baranowski J, Kuchcik M. Heat stress mortality and desired adaptation responses of healthcare system in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2018; 62:307-318. [PMID: 28864962 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-017-1423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the environmental factors influencing the health of individuals and the wider population. There is a large body of research to document significant increases in mortality and morbidity during heat waves all over the world. This paper presents key results of research dealing with heat-related mortality (HRM) in various cities in Poland which cover about 25% of the country's population. Daily mortality and weather data reports for the years 1991-2000 were used. The intensity of heat stress was assessed by the universal thermal climate index (UTCI). The research considers also the projections of future bioclimate to the end of twenty-first century. Brain storming discussions were applied to find necessary adaptation strategies of healthcare system (HCS) in Poland, to minimise negative effects of heat stress. In general, in days with strong and very strong heat stress, ones must expect increase in mortality (in relation to no thermal stress days) of 12 and 47%, respectively. Because of projected rise in global temperature and heat stress frequency, we must expect significant increase in HRM to the end of twenty-first century of even 165% in comparison to present days. The results of research show necessity of urgent implementation of adaptation strategies to heat in HCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Błażejczyk
- Bioklimatologia, Laboratory of Bioclimatology and Environmental Ergonomics, Łukowska 17/55, 04-133, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Błażejczyk
- Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Baranowski
- Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kuchcik
- Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
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Wang C, Zhang Z, Zhou M, Wang P, Yin P, Ye W, Zhang L. Different response of human mortality to extreme temperatures (MoET) between rural and urban areas: A multi-scale study across China. Health Place 2018; 50:119-129. [PMID: 29432981 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The environmental variation in mortality due to extreme temperatures has been well-documented by many studies. Mortality to extreme temperatures (MoET) was recognized to vary geographically, either by countries within a region or by areas within a country. However, so far, little attention has been paid to rural residents, with even lesser attention on the potential rural-urban differences. The aim of our study was to offer a quite comprehensive analysis on the differences in temperature-mortality relationship between rural and urban areas across China. METHOD A distributed lag nonlinear model was built to describe the temperature-mortality relationship, based on the mortality data and meteorological variable of 75 communities in China from 2007 to 2012. Subsequently, a meta-analysis was applied to compare the differences in the temperature-mortality relationship between rural and urban areas at various levels. RESULTS Distinct responses regarding MoET between rural and urban areas were observed at different spatial scales. At regional level, more U-shaped curves were observed for temperature-mortality relationships in urban areas, while more J-shaped curves were observed in rural areas. At national scale, we found that the cold effect was stronger in rural areas (RR: rural 1.69 vs. urban 1.51), while heat effect was stronger in urban areas (RR: rural 1.01 vs. urban 1.12). Moreover, the modifying influence of air pollution on temperature-mortality relationship was found to be very limited. CONCLUSION The difference in response of MoET between rural and urban areas was noticeable, cold effect is more significant in China both in rural and urban areas. Additionally, urban areas in southern China and rural areas in northern China suffered more from extreme temperature events. Our findings suggest that differences in rural-urban responses to MoET should be taken seriously when intervention measures for reducing the risks to residents' health were adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- The National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Pin Wang
- Institute of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, No.1378, Wenyi West Street, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Peng Yin
- The National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Wan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Zhao Q, Zhao Y, Li S, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zhang H, Qiao H, Li W, Huxley R, Williams G, Zhang Y, Guo Y. Impact of ambient temperature on clinical visits for cardio-respiratory diseases in rural villages in northwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:379-385. [PMID: 28858748 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between temperature and cardio-respiratory disease in urban areas has been widely reported but there is limited information from populations living in rural areas that may be disproportionately affected by climate change. OBJECTIVES To quantify the associations between daily temperature and clinical visits due to cardiovascular and/or respiratory disease in rural villages in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China over 2012-2015. METHODS Daily data on clinical visits and weather conditions were collated from 203 villages. A quasi-Poisson regression with distributed lag non-linear model was used to examine the associations between daily temperature and clinical visits up to 28days, after controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS Over three years, 158,733 and 1,272,212 clinical visits were recorded for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, respectively. Both low and high temperatures were associated with an increased risk of clinical visits for cardiovascular-related conditions, whereas only low temperatures were associated with increased clinical visits related to respiratory illness. The cold effect on cardiovascular visits appeared at the lag 6th day and persisted until the 22nd day, resulting in a cumulative relative risk (RR) 1.55 (95% CI: 1.26-1.92), compared with the minimum-clinical visit temperature. The cold effect on respiratory visits appeared immediately and lasted over the lag 0-28days, with a cumulative RR 2.96 (2.74-3.21). Suboptimal temperature accounted for approximately 13% and 26% of clinic visits due to cardiovascular and respiratory disorders, respectively, with the majority of cases attributable to moderate - rather than extreme - cold temperature. CONCLUSIONS In rural settings, sub-optimal temperatures explained nearly one quarter of all clinical visits due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Although extreme cold temperature had a stronger, more immediate, prolonged effect on respiratory disease than for cardiovascular disease, moderately cold temperatures accounted for most of the overall burden of clinical visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qingan Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wuping Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Rachel Huxley
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Perth, 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gail Williams
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia.
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Urban A, Kyselý J. Application of spatial synoptic classification in evaluating links between heat stress and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in Prague, Czech Republic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2018; 62:85-96. [PMID: 26337727 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-015-1055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Spatial synoptic classification (SSC) is here first employed in assessing heat-related mortality and morbidity in Central Europe. It is applied for examining links between weather patterns and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality and morbidity in an extended summer season (16 May-15 September) during 1994-2009. As in previous studies, two SSC air masses (AMs)-dry tropical (DT) and moist tropical (MT)-are associated with significant excess CVD mortality in Prague, while effects on CVD hospital admissions are small and insignificant. Excess mortality for ischaemic heart diseases is more strongly associated with DT, while MT has adverse effect especially on cerebrovascular mortality. Links between the oppressive AMs and excess mortality relate also to conditions on previous days, as DT and MT occur in typical sequences. The highest CVD mortality deviations are found 1 day after a hot spell's onset, when temperature as well as frequency of the oppressive AMs are highest. Following this peak is typically DT- to MT-like weather transition, characterized by decrease in temperature and increase in humidity. The transition between upward (DT) and downward (MT) phases is associated with the largest excess CVD mortality, and the change contributes to the increased and more lagged effects on cerebrovascular mortality. The study highlights the importance of critically evaluating SSC's applicability and benefits within warning systems relative to other synoptic and epidemiological approaches. Only a subset of days with the oppressive AMs is associated with excess mortality, and regression models accounting for possible meteorological and other factors explain little of the mortality variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Urban
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Boční II 1401, 141 31, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Kyselý
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Boční II 1401, 141 31, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Impacts of the 2015 Heat Waves on Mortality in the Czech Republic-A Comparison with Previous Heat Waves. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14121562. [PMID: 29236040 PMCID: PMC5750980 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impacts of heat waves during the summer of 2015 on mortality in the Czech Republic and to compare them with those of heat waves back to the previous record-breaking summer of 1994. We analyzed daily natural-cause mortality across the country’s entire population. A mortality baseline was determined using generalized additive models adjusted for long-term trends, seasonal and weekly cycles, and identified heat waves. Mortality deviations from the baseline were calculated to quantify excess mortality during heat waves, defined as periods of at least three consecutive days with mean daily temperature higher than the 95th percentile of annual distribution. The summer of 2015 was record-breaking in the total duration of heat waves as well as their total heat load. Consequently, the impact of the major heat wave in 2015 on the increase in excess mortality relative to the baseline was greater than during the previous record-breaking heat wave in 1994 (265% vs. 240%). Excess mortality was comparable among the younger age group (0–64 years) and the elderly (65+ years) in the 1994 major heat wave while it was significantly larger among the elderly in 2015. The results suggest that the total heat load of a heat wave needs to be considered when assessing its impact on mortality, as the cumulative excess heat factor explains the magnitude of excess mortality during a heat wave better than other characteristics such as duration or average daily mean temperature during the heat wave. Comparison of the mortality impacts of the 2015 and 1994 major heat waves suggests that the recently reported decline in overall heat-related mortality in Central Europe has abated and simple extrapolation of the trend would lead to biased conclusions even for the near future. Further research is needed toward understanding the additional mitigation measures required to prevent heat-related mortality in the Czech Republic and elsewhere.
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40
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Paschalidou AK, Kassomenos PA, McGregor GR. Analysis of the synoptic winter mortality climatology in five regions of England: Searching for evidence of weather signals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 598:432-444. [PMID: 28448935 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although heat-related mortality has received considerable research attention, the impact of cold weather on public health is less well-developed, probably due to the fact that physiological responses to cold weather can vary substantially among individuals, age groups, diseases etc., depending on a number of behavioral and physiological factors. In the current work we use the classification techniques provided by the COST-733 software to link synoptic circulation patterns with excess cold-related mortality in 5 regions of England. We conclude that, regardless of the classification scheme used, the most hazardous conditions for public health in England are associated with the prevalence of the Easterly type of weather, favoring advection of cold air from continental Europe. It is noteworthy that there has been observed little-to-no regional variation with regards to the classification results among the 5 regions, suggestive of a spatially homogenous response of mortality to the atmospheric patterns identified. In general, the 10 different groupings of days used reveal that excess winter mortality is linked with the lowest daily minimum/maximum temperatures in the area. However it is not uncommon to observe high mortality rates during days with higher, in relative terms, temperatures, when rapidly changing weather results in an increase of mortality. Such a finding confirms the complexity of cold-related mortality and highlights the importance of synoptic climatology in understanding of the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Paschalidou
- Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68200, Greece.
| | - P A Kassomenos
- Laboratory of Meteorology, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Greece
| | - G R McGregor
- Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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Song X, Wang S, Hu Y, Yue M, Zhang T, Liu Y, Tian J, Shang K. Impact of ambient temperature on morbidity and mortality: An overview of reviews. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:241-254. [PMID: 28187945 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The objectives were (i) to conduct an overview of systematic reviews to summarize evidence from and evaluate the methodological quality of systematic reviews assessing the impact of ambient temperature on morbidity and mortality; and (ii) to reanalyse meta-analyses of cold-induced cardiovascular morbidity in different age groups. The registration number is PROSPERO-CRD42016047179. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Global Health were systematically searched to identify systematic reviews. Two reviewers independently selected studies for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed quality. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of included systematic reviews. Estimates of morbidity and mortality risk in association with heat exposure, cold exposure, heatwaves, cold spells and diurnal temperature ranges (DTRs) were the primary outcomes. Twenty-eight systematic reviews were included in the overview of systematic reviews. (i) The median (interquartile range) AMSTAR scores were 7 (1.75) for quantitative reviews and 3.5 (1.75) for qualitative reviews. (ii) Heat exposure was identified to be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and respiratory mortality, but was not found to have an impact on cardiovascular or cerebrovascular morbidity. (iii) Reanalysis of the meta-analyses indicated that cold-induced cardiovascular morbidity increased in youth and middle-age (RR=1.009, 95% CI: 1.004-1.015) as well as the elderly (RR=1.013, 95% CI: 1.007-1.018). (iv) The definitions of temperature exposure adopted by different studies included various temperature indicators and thresholds. In conclusion, heat exposure seemed to have an adverse effect on mortality and cold-induced cardiovascular morbidity increased in the elderly. Developing definitions of temperature exposure at the regional level may contribute to more accurate evaluations of the health effects of temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Song
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Shigong Wang
- Mountain Environment and Meteorology Key Laboratory of Education Bureau of Sichuan Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China; Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yuling Hu
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Man Yue
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jinhui Tian
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Kezheng Shang
- Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Ma P, Wang S, Fan X, Li T. The Impacts of Air Temperature on Accidental Casualties in Beijing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13111073. [PMID: 27827842 PMCID: PMC5129283 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emergency room (ER) visits for accidental casualties, according to the International Classification of Deceases 10th Revision Chapters 19 and 20, include injury, poisoning, and external causes (IPEC). Annual distribution of 187,008 ER visits that took place between 2009 and 2011 in Beijing, China displayed regularity rather than random characteristics. The annual cycle from the Fourier series fitting of the number of ER visits was found to explain 63.2% of its total variance. In this study, the possible effect and regulation of meteorological conditions on these ER visits are investigated through the use of correlation analysis, as well as statistical modeling by using the Distributed Lag Non-linear Model and Generalized Additive Model. Correlation analysis indicated that meteorological variables that positively correlated with temperature have a positive relationship with the number of ER visits, and vice versa. The temperature metrics of maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures were found to have similar overall impacts, including both the direct impact on human mental/physical conditions and indirect impact on human behavior. The lag analysis indicated that the overall impacts of temperatures higher than the 50th percentile on ER visits occur immediately, whereas low temperatures show protective effects in the first few days. Accidental casualties happen more frequently on warm days when the mean temperature is higher than 14 °C than on cold days. Mean temperatures of around 26 °C result in the greatest possibility of ER visits for accidental casualties. In addition, males were found to face a higher risk of accidental casualties than females at high temperatures. Therefore, the IPEC-classified ER visits are not pure accidents; instead, they are associated closely with meteorological conditions, especially temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Ma
- College of Atmospheric Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Shigong Wang
- College of Atmospheric Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xingang Fan
- Department of Geography and Geology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.
- College of Electric Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tanshi Li
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100000, China.
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Kim JH, Gu D, Sohn W, Kil SH, Kim H, Lee DK. Neighborhood Landscape Spatial Patterns and Land Surface Temperature: An Empirical Study on Single-Family Residential Areas in Austin, Texas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13090880. [PMID: 27598186 PMCID: PMC5036713 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13090880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization has accelerated land use and land cover changes, and generated the urban heat island effect (UHI). Previous studies have reported positive effects of neighborhood landscapes on mitigating urban surface temperatures. However, the influence of neighborhood landscape spatial patterns on enhancing cooling effects has not yet been fully investigated. The main objective of this study was to assess the relationships between neighborhood landscape spatial patterns and land surface temperatures (LST) by using multi-regression models considering spatial autocorrelation issues. To measure the influence of neighborhood landscape spatial patterns on LST, this study analyzed neighborhood environments of 15,862 single-family houses in Austin, Texas, USA. Using aerial photos, geographic information systems (GIS), and remote sensing, FRAGSTATS was employed to calculate values of several landscape indices used to measure neighborhood landscape spatial patterns. After controlling for the spatial autocorrelation effect, results showed that larger and better-connected landscape spatial patterns were positively correlated with lower LST values in neighborhoods, while more fragmented and isolated neighborhood landscape patterns were negatively related to the reduction of LST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyun Kim
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, A318A Langford Architecture Center, 3137 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3137, USA.
| | - Donghwan Gu
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, A318A Langford Architecture Center, 3137 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3137, USA.
| | - Wonmin Sohn
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, A318A Langford Architecture Center, 3137 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3137, USA.
| | - Sung-Ho Kil
- Department of Ecological Landscape Architecture Design, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Hwanyong Kim
- Division of Architecture & Urban Design, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Korea.
| | - Dong-Kun Lee
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
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Review Article: Vulnerability to Heat-related Mortality: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression Analysis. Epidemiology 2016; 26:781-93. [PMID: 26332052 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addressing vulnerability to heat-related mortality is a necessary step in the development of policies dictated by heat action plans. We aimed to provide a systematic assessment of the epidemiologic evidence regarding vulnerability to heat-related mortality. METHODS Studies assessing the association between high ambient temperature or heat waves and mortality among different subgroups and published between January 1980 and August 2014 were selected. Estimates of association for all the included subgroups were extracted. We assessed the presence of heterogeneous effects between subgroups conducting Cochran Q tests. We conducted random effect meta-analyses of ratios of relative risks (RRR) for high ambient temperature studies. We performed random effects meta-regression analyses to investigate factors associated with the magnitude of the RRR. RESULTS Sixty-one studies were included. Using the Cochran Q test, we consistently found evidence of vulnerability for the elderly ages >85 years. We found a pooled RRR of 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.97, 1.01) for male sex, 1.02 (95% CI = 1.01, 1.03) for age >65 years, 1.04 (95% CI = 1.02, 1.07) for ages >75 years, 1.03 (95% CI = 1.01, 1.05) for low individual socioeconomic status (SES), and 1.01 (95% CI = 0.99, 1.02) for low ecologic SES. CONCLUSIONS We found strongest evidence of heat-related vulnerability for the elderly ages >65 and >75 years and low SES groups (at the individual level). Studies are needed to clarify if other subgroups (e.g., children, people living alone) are also vulnerable to heat to inform public health programs.
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45
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Phung D, Thai PK, Guo Y, Morawska L, Rutherford S, Chu C. Ambient temperature and risk of cardiovascular hospitalization: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 550:1084-1102. [PMID: 26871555 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The association between temperatures and risk of cardiovascular mortality has been recognized but the association drawn from previous meta-analysis was weak due to the lack of sufficient studies. This paper presented a review with updated reports in the literature about the risk of cardiovascular hospitalization in relation to different temperature exposures and examined the dose-response relationship of temperature-cardiovascular hospitalization by change in units of temperature, latitudes, and lag days. The pooled effect sizes were calculated for cold, heat, heatwave, and diurnal variation using random-effects meta-analysis, and the dose-response relationship of temperature-cardiovascular admission was modelled using random-effect meta-regression. The Cochrane Q-test and index of heterogeneity (I(2)) were used to evaluate heterogeneity, and Egger's test was used to evaluate publication bias. Sixty-four studies were included in meta-analysis. The pooled results suggest that for a change in temperature condition, the risk of cardiovascular hospitalization increased 2.8% (RR, 1.028; 95% CI, 1.021-1.035) for cold exposure, 2.2% (RR, 1.022; 95% CI, 1.006-1.039) for heatwave exposure, and 0.7% (RR, 1.007; 95% CI, 1.002-1.012) for an increase in diurnal temperature. However no association was observed for heat exposure. The significant dose-response relationship of temperature - cardiovascular admission was found with cold exposure and diurnal temperature. Increase in one-day lag caused a marginal reduction in risk of cardiovascular hospitalizations for cold exposure and diurnal variation, and increase in latitude was associated with a decrease in risk of cardiovascular hospitalizations for diurnal temperature only. There is a significant short-term effect of cold exposure, heatwave and diurnal variation on cardiovascular hospitalizations. Further research is needed to understand the temperature-cardiovascular relationship for different climate areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Phung
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Australia.
| | - Phong K Thai
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
| | - Yuming Guo
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Shannon Rutherford
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Cordia Chu
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Australia
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Urban A, Burkart K, Kyselý J, Schuster C, Plavcová E, Hanzlíková H, Štěpánek P, Lakes T. Spatial Patterns of Heat-Related Cardiovascular Mortality in the Czech Republic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13030284. [PMID: 26959044 PMCID: PMC4808947 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13030284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The study examines spatial patterns of effects of high temperature extremes on cardiovascular mortality in the Czech Republic at a district level during 1994–2009. Daily baseline mortality for each district was determined using a single location-stratified generalized additive model. Mean relative deviations of mortality from the baseline were calculated on days exceeding the 90th percentile of mean daily temperature in summer, and they were correlated with selected demographic, socioeconomic, and physical-environmental variables for the districts. Groups of districts with similar characteristics were identified according to socioeconomic status and urbanization level in order to provide a more general picture than possible on the district level. We evaluated lagged patterns of excess mortality after hot spell occurrences in: (i) urban areas vs. predominantly rural areas; and (ii) regions with different overall socioeconomic level. Our findings suggest that climatic conditions, altitude, and urbanization generally affect the spatial distribution of districts with the highest excess cardiovascular mortality, while socioeconomic status did not show a significant effect in the analysis across the Czech Republic as a whole. Only within deprived populations, socioeconomic status played a relevant role as well. After taking into account lagged effects of temperature on excess mortality, we found that the effect of hot spells was significant in highly urbanized regions, while most excess deaths in rural districts may be attributed to harvesting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Urban
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Boční II 1401, 14131 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Katrin Burkart
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Jan Kyselý
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Boční II 1401, 14131 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
- Global Change Research Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Christian Schuster
- Department of Geography, Geoinformation Science Lab, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Eva Plavcová
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Boční II 1401, 14131 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Hanzlíková
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Boční II 1401, 14131 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Geophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Boční II 1401, 14131 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Štěpánek
- Global Change Research Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Regional Office Brno, Kroftova 2578, 61667 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Tobia Lakes
- Department of Geography, Geoinformation Science Lab, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
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Carmona R, Díaz J, Mirón IJ, Ortíz C, León I, Linares C. Geographical variation in relative risks associated with cold waves in Spain: The need for a cold wave prevention plan. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 88:103-111. [PMID: 26735348 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In general, there are few studies that analyse the impact of low temperatures on mortality and fewer still that use cold-wave-definition thresholds based on epidemiological and non-climatological criteria. Such a threshold definition, which took into account population features such as socio-economic and demographic characteristics, made it possible for a specific threshold temperature to be obtained for each of Spain's 52 provincial capitals in this study. Using generalised linear models with the Poisson regression link, and controlling for trend, autocorrelations and seasonalities of the series, and influenza epidemics, we obtained the impact of low temperatures on mortality in each provincial capital by calculating the relative risks (RRs) and attributable risks (ARs) for natural as well as circulatory and respiratory causes. The study showed higher minimum temperature thresholds in coastal areas, and an overall impact of cold on mortality in Spain due to natural causes RR=1.13 (95% CI: 1.11-1.16), circulatory causes RR=1.18 (95% CI: 1.15-1.22) and respiratory causes RR=1.24 (95% CI: 1.20-1.29) slightly greater than that obtained to date for heat. From a public health standpoint, there is a need for specific cold wave prevention plans at a regional level which would enable mortality attributable to low temperatures to be reduced. These plans have shown themselves to be effective in decreasing heat-related mortality, and we feel that they are essential for reducing cold-related effects on morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Carmona
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Díaz
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - I J Mirón
- Torrijos Public Health District, Castile-La Mancha Regional Health & Social Affairs Authority (Consejería de Sanidad y Asuntos Sociales de Castilla-La Mancha), Torrijos, Toledo, Spain
| | - C Ortíz
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - I León
- National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Linares
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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Yang C, Meng X, Chen R, Cai J, Zhao Z, Wan Y, Kan H. Long-term variations in the association between ambient temperature and daily cardiovascular mortality in Shanghai, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 538:524-30. [PMID: 26318688 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the long-term variation in the association between ambient temperature and daily cardiovascular (CVD) mortality in Shanghai, China. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected daily data on ambient temperature and CVD mortality from a central urban district in Shanghai, China, during the period from 1981 to 2012. We used overdispersed generalized additive Poisson regression together with a distributed lag nonlinear model to estimate potentially lagged and nonlinear effects of temperature on CVD mortality after controlling for the seasonality, relative humidity, day of the week, holidays and population size. To allow for the evaluation of long-term variations in the effects, we divided the entire study period into six sub-periods (1981-1985, 1986-1990, 1991-1995, 1996-2000, 2001-2005, and 2006-2012) and analyzed the effect estimates in each sub-period separately. RESULTS The association between temperature and daily CVD mortality was J-shaped with both low and high temperatures increasing the risk of CVD deaths. The effects of extremely low temperatures were delayed and persisted for two weeks, while extreme hot effects were limited to the first five days followed by a significant mortality displacement (9days). The relative risks (RRs) of extremely low, moderately low, moderately high, and extremely high temperatures comparing the 1st, 10th, 90th, and 99th percentile with the reference temperature (26°C) over the cumulative lags of 0-14days were 1.95 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.84,2.07], 1.61 (95% CI: 1.57,1.66), 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01,1.05), and 1.14 (95% CI: 1.07,1.21). The RRs for extremely low and moderately low temperature attenuated substantially from 9.78 and 5.52 in 1981-1985 to 1.42 and 1.18 in 2006-2012, respectively, but the RRs remained almost stable for extremely high and moderately high temperatures. CONCLUSIONS This time-series study suggested that there might have been some human adaptation to low ambient temperature in Shanghai, China, over the last 3 decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyuan Yang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Meng
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wan
- Division of Environment and Health Management, Department of Science, Technology and Standards, Ministry of Environmental Protection, China.
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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49
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Kozlovskaya IL, Bulkina OS, Lopukhova VV, Chernova NA, Ivanova OV, Kolmakova TE, Karpov YA. [Heat and cardiovascular diseases: A review of epidemiological surveys]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2015; 87:84-90. [PMID: 26591558 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201587984-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes epidemiologic data on the effects of heat on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Patients with heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias are most susceptible to negative heat exposure. At the same time, measures aimed at preserving the health of the population lead to a considerable reduction in losses associated with an abnormal rise in air temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- I L Kozlovskaya
- A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, Russian Cardiology Research-and-Production Complex, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow
| | - O S Bulkina
- A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, Russian Cardiology Research-and-Production Complex, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow
| | - V V Lopukhova
- A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, Russian Cardiology Research-and-Production Complex, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow
| | - N A Chernova
- A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, Russian Cardiology Research-and-Production Complex, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow
| | - O V Ivanova
- A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, Russian Cardiology Research-and-Production Complex, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow
| | - T E Kolmakova
- A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, Russian Cardiology Research-and-Production Complex, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow
| | - Yu A Karpov
- A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, Russian Cardiology Research-and-Production Complex, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow
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50
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Kwon BY, Lee E, Lee S, Heo S, Jo K, Kim J, Park MS. Vulnerabilities to Temperature Effects on Acute Myocardial Infarction Hospital Admissions in South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:14571-88. [PMID: 26580643 PMCID: PMC4661668 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121114571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Most previous studies have focused on the association between acute myocardial function (AMI) and temperature by gender and age. Recently, however, concern has also arisen about those most susceptible to the effects of temperature according to socioeconomic status (SES). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of heat and cold on hospital admissions for AMI by subpopulations (gender, age, living area, and individual SES) in South Korea. The Korea National Health Insurance (KNHI) database was used to examine the effect of heat and cold on hospital admissions for AMI during 2004-2012. We analyzed the increase in AMI hospital admissions both above and below a threshold temperature using Poisson generalized additive models (GAMs) for hot, cold, and warm weather. The Medicaid group, the lowest SES group, had a significantly higher RR of 1.37 (95% CI: 1.07-1.76) for heat and 1.11 (95% CI: 1.04-1.20) for cold among subgroups, while also showing distinctly higher risk curves than NHI for both hot and cold weather. In additions, females, older age group, and those living in urban areas had higher risks from hot and cold temperatures than males, younger age group, and those living in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yeon Kwon
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Eunil Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Suji Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Seulkee Heo
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Kyunghee Jo
- Graduate School of Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Jinsun Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Man Sik Park
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural Science, Sungshin Women's University, 249-1, Dongseon-dong 3-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02844, Korea.
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