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Feng Y, Xu Z, Zahid Hossain M, Chang J, Su H, Hu J, Wang X, Zheng H, Wang N, Fan Y, Song J, Tong S, Cheng J. Impact of hot and cold nights on pneumonia hospitalisations in children under five years: Evidence from low-, middle-, and high-income countries. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 192:109041. [PMID: 39353211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.109041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that abnormal temperature at night is a risk factor for respiratory health. However, there is limited evidence on the impact of hot and cold nights on cause-specific diseases such as pneumonia, which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. METHODS We collected daily data on pneumonia hospitalisations in children under five years from 2011 to 2017 in three low-, middle- and high-income countries (Bangladesh, China, and Australia). The intensity of hot and cold nights was measured by excess temperature. A space-time-stratified case-crossover analysis was used to estimate the association between hot and cold nights and childhood pneumonia hospitalisations. We further estimated the fraction of childhood pneumonia hospitalisations attributable to hot and cold nights. RESULTS Both hot and cold nights were associated with an increased risk of hospitalisations for childhood pneumonia in low-, middle-, and high-income countries, with a greater disease burden from hot nights. Specifically, the fraction of childhood pneumonia attributable to hot nights was the largest in Australia [21.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.8%-28.1%], followed by Bangladesh (15.2%, 95% CI: 4.1%-23.8%) and China (2.7%, 95% CI: 0.4%-4.7%). Additionally, the fraction of childhood pneumonia attributable to cold nights was 1.3% (95% CI: 0.4%-2.0%) in Bangladesh and 0.4% (95% CI: 0.1%-0.7%) in China. CONCLUSION This multi-country study suggests that hot and cold nights are not only associated with a higher risk of pneumonia hospitalisations in children but also responsible for substantial fraction of hospitalisations, with a greater impact from hot nights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jun Chang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Science and Education, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yinguang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Shilu Tong
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China.
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Urbanowicz T, Skotak K, Bratkowski J, Olasińska-Wiśniewska A, Filipiak KJ, Michalak M, Grodecki K, Szczepański K, Tykarski A, Krasińska B, Krasiński Z, Krasińska-Płachta A, Jemielity M. Long-Term Survival after Coronary Artery Surgical Revascularization-Does Ambient Temperature Matter? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1220. [PMID: 39202501 PMCID: PMC11356662 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60081220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The progression of global warming results in an increased exposure to extreme heat, leading to exaggeration of preexisting diseases and premature deaths. The aim of the study was to present possible risk factors for all-cause long-term mortality in patients who underwent surgical revascularization, including an assessment of the influence of ambient temperature exposure. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis included 153 (123 (80%) males and 30 (20%) females) patients who underwent off-pump revascularization and were followed for a median time of 2533 (1035-3250) days. The demographical, clinical data and ambient temperature exposure were taken into analysis for prediction of all-cause mortality. Individual exposure was calculated based on the place of habitation. Results: In the multivariate logistic regression model with backward stepwise elimination method, risk factors such as dyslipidaemia (p = 0.001), kidney disease (p = 0.005), age (p = 0.006), and body mass index (p = 0.007) were found to be significant for late mortality prediction. In addition to traditional factors, environmental characteristics, including tropical nights (p = 0.043), were revealed to be significant. Conclusions: High night-time ambient temperatures known as tropical nights may be regarded as additional long-term mortality risk factor after surgical revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Urbanowicz
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Skotak
- Institute of Environmental Protection–National Research Institute, 02-170 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Bratkowski
- Institute of Environmental Protection–National Research Institute, 02-170 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Olasińska-Wiśniewska
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof J. Filipiak
- Institute of Clinical Science, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, 00-136 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Michalak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Kajetan Grodecki
- 1st Cardiology Department, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystian Szczepański
- Institute of Environmental Protection–National Research Institute, 02-170 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tykarski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Krasińska
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Krasiński
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Marek Jemielity
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
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Gao Y, Lin L, Yin P, Kan H, Chen R, Zhou M. Heat Exposure and Dementia-Related Mortality in China. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2419250. [PMID: 38941091 PMCID: PMC11214125 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.19250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Although existing research has found daily heat to be associated with dementia-related outcomes, there is still a gap in understanding the differing associations of nighttime and daytime heat with dementia-related deaths. Objectives To quantitatively assess the risk and burden of dementia-related deaths associated with short-term nighttime and daytime heat exposure and identify potential effect modifications. Design, Setting, and Participants This case-crossover study analyzed individual death records for dementia across all mainland China counties from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2019, using a time-stratified case-crossover approach. Statistical analysis was conducted from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2019. Exposures Two novel heat metrics: hot night excess (HNE) and hot day excess (HDE), representing nighttime and daytime heat intensity, respectively. Main Outcomes and Measures Main outcomes were the relative risk and burden of dementia-related deaths associated with HNE and HDE under different definitions. Analysis was conducted with conditional logistic regression integrated with the distributed lag nonlinear model. Results The study involved 132 573 dementia-related deaths (mean [SD] age, 82.5 [22.5] years; 73 086 women [55.1%]). For a 95% threshold, the median hot night threshold was 24.5 °C (IQR, 20.1 °C-26.2 °C) with an HNE of 3.7 °C (IQR, 3.1 °C-4.3 °C), and the median hot day threshold was 33.3 °C (IQR, 29.9 °C-34.7 °C) with an HDE of 0.6 °C (IQR, 0.5 °C-0.8 °C). Both nighttime and daytime heat were associated with increased risk of dementia-related deaths. Hot nights' associations with risk of dementia-related deaths persisted for 6 days, while hot days' associations with risk of dementia-related deaths extended over 10 days. Extreme HDE had a higher relative risk of dementia-related deaths, with a greater burden associated with extreme HNE at more stringent thresholds. At a 97.5% threshold, the odds ratio for dementia-related deaths was 1.38 (95% CI, 1.22-1.55) for extreme HNE and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.27-1.68) for extreme HDE, with an attributable fraction of 1.45% (95% empirical confidence interval [95% eCI], 1.43%-1.47%) for extreme HNE and 1.10% (95% eCI, 1.08%-1.11%) for extreme HDE. Subgroup analyses suggested heightened susceptibility among females, individuals older than 75 years of age, and those with lower educational levels. Regional disparities were observed, with individuals in the south exhibiting greater sensitivity to nighttime heat and those in the north to daytime heat. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this nationwide case-crossover study suggest that both nighttime and daytime heat are associated with increased risk of dementia-related deaths, with a greater burden associated with nighttime heat. These findings underscore the necessity of time-specific interventions to mitigate extreme heat risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Lin
- National Center for Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Wang YR, Samset BH, Stordal F, Bryn A, Hessen DO. Past and future trends of diurnal temperature range and their correlation with vegetation assessed by MODIS and CMIP6. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166727. [PMID: 37673261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Temperature anomalies and changes in the diurnal temperature range (DTR) are expected to pose physiological challenges to biota; hence, both spatial and temporal variations in DTR provide important insights into temperature-induced stress in humans, animals, and vegetation. Furthermore, vegetation could dampen temperature variability. Here, we use the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) remote sensing data of Land Surface Temperature (LST) to evaluate the global variation in DTR and its rate of change in spatial and temporal scales for the two decades spanning from 2001 to 2020. We show that North America, Africa, and Antarctica, as well as the global mean, experienced statistically significant DTR rates of change over the last 20 years in either summer, winter, or the annual mean. The rates were all negative, indicating the day-night temperature differences are decreasing in those regions because night temperatures are increasing at a faster rate than day temperatures. MODIS data of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) revealed a strongly negative correlation with DTR, with a spatial correlation coefficient of -0.61. This correlation demonstrates a prominent dampening effect of vegetation on diurnal temperature oscillations. For future DTR projections, we used 19 models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) to predict global DTR trends from 2021 to 2050 with low and high CO2 concentration scenarios. The high CO2 emission scenario projects significant decreases in DTR in circumpolar regions, central Africa, and India compared to the low CO2 scenario. This difference in the two scenarios underscores the substantial influence of increased global temperatures and elevated CO2 concentration on DTR and, consequently, on the ecosystems in certain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Ren Wang
- Dept. Marine Environment and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Marine Affairs, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Dept. Biosciences and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway.
| | - Bjørn H Samset
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo 0349, Norway
| | - Frode Stordal
- Dept. Geosciences and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Anders Bryn
- Natural History Museum and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Dag O Hessen
- Dept. Biosciences and Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
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Kim SE, Hashizume M, Armstrong B, Gasparrini A, Oka K, Hijioka Y, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Honda Y. Mortality Risk of Hot Nights: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Study in Japan. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:57005. [PMID: 37172196 PMCID: PMC10181675 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health effects of heat are well documented; however, limited information is available regarding the health risks of hot nights. Hot nights have become more common, increasing at a faster rate than hot days, making it urgent to understand the characteristics of the hot night risk. OBJECTIVES We estimated the effects of hot nights on the cause- and location-specific mortality in a nationwide assessment over 43 y (1973-2015) using a unified analytical framework in the 47 prefectures of Japan. METHODS Hot nights were defined as days with a) minimum temperature ≥ 25 ° C (HN 25 ) and b) minimum temperature ≥ 95 th percentile (HN 95 th ) for the prefecture. We conducted a time-series analysis using a two-stage approach during the hot night occurrence season (April-November). For each prefecture, we estimated associations between hot nights and mortality controlling for potential confounders including daily mean temperature. We then used a random-effects meta-analytic model to estimate the pooled cumulative association. RESULTS Overall, 24,721,226 deaths were included in this study. Nationally, all-cause mortality increased by 9%-10% [HN 25 relative risk ( RR ) = 1.09 , 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.10; HN 95 th RR = 1.10 , 95% CI: 1.09, 1.11] during hot nights in comparison with nonhot nights. All 11 cause-specific mortalities were strongly associated with hot nights, and the corresponding associations appeared to be acute and lasted a few weeks, depending on the cause of death. The strength of the association between hot nights and mortality varied among prefectures. We found a higher mortality risk from hot nights in early summer in comparison with the late summer in all regions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the evidence of mortality impacts from hot nights in excess of that explicable by daily mean temperature and have implications useful for establishing public health policy and research efforts estimating the health effects of climate change. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11444.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Ben Armstrong
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kazutaka Oka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Hijioka
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
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Altena E, Baglioni C, Sanz-Arigita E, Cajochen C, Riemann D. How to deal with sleep problems during heatwaves: practical recommendations from the European Insomnia Network. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13704. [PMID: 36073025 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heatwaves are occurring more frequently and are known to affect particularly night-time temperatures. We review here literature on how night-time ambient temperature changes affect body temperature and sleep quality. We then discuss how these temperature effects impact particularly vulnerable populations such as older adults, children, pregnant women, and those with psychiatric conditions. Several ways of dealing with sleep problems in the context of heatwaves are then suggested, adapted from elements of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, with more specific advice for vulnerable populations. By better dealing with sleep problems during heatwaves, general health effects of heatwaves may be more limited. However, given the sparse literature, many links addressed in this review on sleep problems affected by temperature changes should be the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellemarije Altena
- UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, Neuroimagerie et Cognition Humain, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Chiara Baglioni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Human Sciences, University of Rome 'G. Marconi', Telematic, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Sanz-Arigita
- UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, Neuroimagerie et Cognition Humain, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric University Clinic, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Riemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Giannaros C, Agathangelidis I, Papavasileiou G, Galanaki E, Kotroni V, Lagouvardos K, Giannaros TM, Cartalis C, Matzarakis A. The extreme heat wave of July-August 2021 in the Athens urban area (Greece): Atmospheric and human-biometeorological analysis exploiting ultra-high resolution numerical modeling and the local climate zone framework. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159300. [PMID: 36216066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Greece was affected by a prolonged and extreme heat wave (HW) event (July 28-August 05) during the abnormally hot summer of 2021, with the maximum temperature in Athens, the capital of the country, reaching up to 43.9 °C in the city center. This observation corresponds to the second highest maximum temperature recorded since 1900, based on the historical temperature time series of the National Observatory of Athens weather station at Thissio. In the present study, a multi-scale numerical modeling system is used to analyze the urban climate and thermal bioclimate in the Athens urban area (AUA) in the course of the HW event, as well as during 3 days prior to the heat wave and 3 days after the episode. The system consists of the Weather Research and Forecasting model, the advanced urban scheme BEP/BEM (Building Energy Parameterization/Building Energy Model) and the human-biometeorological model RayMan Pro, and incorporates the local climate zone (LCZ) classification scheme. The system's validation results demonstrated a robust modeling set-up, characterized by high capability in capturing the observed magnitude and diurnal variation of the urban meteorological and heat stress conditions. The analysis of two- and three-dimensional fields of near-surface air temperature, humidity and wind unraveled the interplay of geographical factors (surface relief and proximity to the sea), background atmospheric circulations (Etesians and sea breeze) and HW-related synoptic forcing with the AUA's urban form. These interactions had a significant impact on the LCZs heat stress responsiveness, expressed using the modified physiologically equivalent temperature (mPET), between different regions of the study area, as well as at inter- and intra-LCZ level (statistically significant differences at 95 % confidence interval), providing thus, urban design and health-related implications that can be exploited in human thermal discomfort mitigation strategies in AUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Giannaros
- National Observatory of Athens, Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, Palea Penteli, 15236 Athens, Greece.
| | - Ilias Agathangelidis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Physics, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Papavasileiou
- National Observatory of Athens, Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, Palea Penteli, 15236 Athens, Greece
| | - Elissavet Galanaki
- National Observatory of Athens, Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, Palea Penteli, 15236 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Kotroni
- National Observatory of Athens, Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, Palea Penteli, 15236 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Lagouvardos
- National Observatory of Athens, Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, Palea Penteli, 15236 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore M Giannaros
- National Observatory of Athens, Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, Palea Penteli, 15236 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Cartalis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Physics, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Matzarakis
- German Meteorological Service (DWD), Research Centre Human Biometeorology, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany; University of Freiburg, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, D-79104, Germany
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Zhang H, Zhang X, Feng D, Gao Z, Gong Y, Zhang J, Song S, Yu Z, Huang C. Interaction effects of night-time temperature and PM 2.5 on preterm birth in Huai River Basin, China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107729. [PMID: 36623379 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nocturnal temperature is observed increasing with global warming. However, evidence on night-time non-optimal temperature on the risk of preterm birth (PTB) is limited, and the potential interactions with air pollution on PTB has not been well clarified. We therefore conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study to evaluate the effect of night-time temperature extremes on the risk of PTB and its interaction with air pollution. Records of 196,780 singleton births from 4 counties in Huai River Basin (2013-2018) were obtained. Gridded data on night-time temperature were collected from a high-quality Chinese Air Quality Reanalysis dataset. We used a multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the effects of night-time heat and cold exposure on the risk of PTB as well as its subtypes. Potential interactions between night-time temperature extremes and fine particulate matter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) were examined using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). We found that the risk of PTB was positively associated with third trimester night-time extremely heat and cold exposure, with adjusted OR of 1.898 (95 %CI: 1.655-2.177) and 2.044 (95 %CI: 1.786-2.339). Similar effects were observed for PTB subtypes, moderately PTB (mPTB) and very PTB (vPTB). Synergistic effects (RERI greater than 0) of each trimester night-time temperature extremes exposure and PM2.5 on PTB were observed. We identified consistent positive interactions between night-time temperature extremes and PM2.5 on mPTB. No significant interaction of night-time temperature extremes and PM2.5 on vPTB was found. In conclusion, this large retrospective cohort study found that third trimester night-time heat and cold exposure significantly increased the risk of PTB and its subtypes. There is a synergistic effect between night-time temperature extremes and high PM2.5 levels on PTB and mPTB. In the context of climate warming, our results add new evidence to the current understanding of night-time non-optimal temperature exposure on PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoan Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Demin Feng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuting Gong
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junxi Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuaixing Song
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zengli Yu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Ho HC, Lau K, Ren C, Wang D. Systematic identification of heat events associated with emergency admissions to enhance the heat-health action plan in a subtropical city: a data-driven approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:89273-89282. [PMID: 35849238 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
According to the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), a heat-health action plan should address various impacts of hazards at different levels, including an early warning system to monitor risks and behaviour enhancement to increase disaster preparedness. It is necessary to comply with guidelines regarding heat duration/intensity. In this study, we developed a data-driven approach to rapidly and systematically estimate the impacts of various heat events on emergency admissions among the adult population (n = 7,086,966) in Hong Kong in order to enhance the heat-health action plan. Immediate, short-term, and long-term impacts determined by 1-day, 4-day, and 8-day windows were estimated to identify specific heat events suitable for early warnings. In addition, underestimated risk, determined by a continuous increase in heat risk after days without significant emergency admissions, was estimated to evaluate potential maladaptive behaviours among a specific subpopulation. Based on age- and gender-specific analyses, 1D, 1D1N, and 2D2N were observed to have a stronger immediate impact on emergency admissions. 1D1N and 2D2N also showed notable short-term and long-term impacts. Based on heat vulnerability factors (age and gender), 2D2N was a higher-priority extreme heat event for early warning measures than 1D1N. Furthermore, men aged 19 to 64 had the highest underestimated risk. Specifically, they had IRR values of 1.113 [1.087, 1.140], 1.061 [1.035, 1.087], and 1.069 [1.043, 1.095] during lag days 3-5 of 3D2N, respectively, possibly due to a lack of adaptive behaviour. By adopting our approach, the duration of heat events with significant health impacts can be identified in order to further enhance relevant heat stress information. This framework can be applied to other cities with a similar background for rapid assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Kevin Lau
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Chao Ren
- Division of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dan Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Canada
- Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Oshawa, Canada
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10
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Rahman MM, McConnell R, Schlaerth H, Ko J, Silva S, Lurmann FW, Palinkas L, Johnston J, Hurlburt M, Yin H, Ban-Weiss G, Garcia E. The Effects of Coexposure to Extremes of Heat and Particulate Air Pollution on Mortality in California: Implications for Climate Change. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:1117-1127. [PMID: 35727303 PMCID: PMC9704834 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202204-0657oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Extremes of heat and particulate air pollution threaten human health and are becoming more frequent because of climate change. Understanding the health impacts of coexposure to extreme heat and air pollution is urgent. Objectives: To estimate the association of acute coexposure to extreme heat and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in California from 2014 to 2019. Methods: We used a case-crossover study design with time-stratified matching using conditional logistic regression to estimate mortality associations with acute coexposures to extreme heat and PM2.5. For each case day (date of death) and its control days, daily average PM2.5 and maximum and minimum temperatures were assigned (0- to 3-day lag) on the basis of the decedent's residence census tract. Measurements and Main Results: All-cause mortality risk increased 6.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1-8.1) on extreme maximum temperature-only days and 5.0% (95% CI, 3.0-8.0) on extreme PM2.5-only days, compared with nonextreme days. Risk increased by 21.0% (95% CI, 6.6-37.3) on days with exposure to both extreme maximum temperature and PM2.5. Increased risk of cardiovascular and respiratory mortality on extreme coexposure days was 29.9% (95% CI, 3.3-63.3) and 38.0% (95% CI, -12.5 to 117.7), respectively, and were more than the sum of individual effects of extreme temperature and PM2.5 only. A similar pattern was observed for coexposure to extreme PM2.5 and minimum temperature. Effect estimates were larger over age 75 years. Conclusions: Short-term exposure to extreme heat and air pollution alone were individually associated with increased risk of mortality, but their coexposure had larger effects beyond the sum of their individual effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Hannah Schlaerth
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering
| | - Joseph Ko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering
| | | | | | - Lawrence Palinkas
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, and
| | - Jill Johnston
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Michael Hurlburt
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, and
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - George Ban-Weiss
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering
| | - Erika Garcia
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine
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11
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Kuchcik M. Mortality and thermal environment (UTCI) in Poland-long-term, multi-city study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:1529-1541. [PMID: 32880062 PMCID: PMC8370924 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-01995-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to establish to what extent extreme thermal conditions have changed and how they affected mortality, and what conditions favor lower mortality rates or conversely, higher mortality rates. Heat/cold exposure was measured with the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). Daily mortality and meteorological data for 8 large Polish cities (Białystok, Gdańsk, Kraków, Lublin, Łódź, Poznań, Warszawa, and Wrocław) in the period 1975-2014 were analyzed. Generalized additive models were used to investigate the relationship between UTCI and mortality, and TBATS models were used for the evaluation of time series UTCI data. Most of the cities experienced a clear and statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05 decrease in cold stress days of 0.8-3.3 days/year and an increase in the frequency of thermal heat stress days of 0.3-0.6 days/year until 1992-1994. There was a clear difference as regards the dependence of mortality on UTCI between cities located in the "cooler" eastern part of Poland and the "warmer" central and western parts. "Cool" cities were characterized by a clear thermal optimum, approx. in the range of 5-30 °C UTCI, changing slightly depending on cause of death, age, or sex. For UTCI over 32 °C, in most of the cities except Gdańsk and Lublin, the relative risk of death (RR) rose by 10 to 20%; for UTCI over 38 °C, RR rose to 25-30% in central Poland. An increase in mortality on cold stress days was noted mainly in the "cool" cities: RR of total mortality increased even by 9-19% under extreme cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kuchcik
- Climate Impacts Laboratory, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warszawa, Poland.
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12
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Royé D, Sera F, Tobías A, Lowe R, Gasparrini A, Pascal M, de'Donato F, Nunes B, Teixeira JP. Effects of Hot Nights on Mortality in Southern Europe. Epidemiology 2021; 32:487-498. [PMID: 33935136 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is strong evidence concerning the impact of heat stress on mortality, particularly from high temperatures. However, few studies to our knowledge emphasize the importance of hot nights, which may prevent necessary nocturnal rest. OBJECTIVES In this study, we use hot-night duration and excess to predict daily cause-specific mortality in summer, using multiple cities across Southern Europe. METHODS We fitted time series regression models to summer cause-specific mortality, including natural, respiratory, and cardiovascular causes, in 11 cities across four countries. We included a distributed lag nonlinear model with lags up to 7 days for hot night duration and excess adjusted by daily mean temperature. We summarized city-specific associations as overall-cumulative exposure-response curves at the country level using meta-analysis. RESULTS We found positive but generally nonlinear associations between relative risk (RR) of cause-specific mortality and duration and excess of hot nights. RR of duration associated with nonaccidental mortality in Portugal was 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07, 1.54); other associations were imprecise, but we also found positive city-specific estimates for Rome and Madrid. Risk of hot-night excess ranged from 1.12 (95% CI = 1.05, 1.20) for France to 1.37 (95% CI = 1.26, 1.48) for Portugal. Risk estimates for excess were consistently higher than for duration. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new evidence that, over a wider range of locations, hot night indices are strongly associated with cause-specific deaths. Modeling the impact of thermal characteristics during summer nights on mortality could improve decisionmaking for preventive public health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Royé
- From the Department of Geography, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Francesco Sera
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aurelio Tobías
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Rachel Lowe
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathilde Pascal
- Santé Publique France, Department of Environmental Health, French National Public Health Agency, Saint Maurice, France
| | | | - Baltazar Nunes
- Department of Epidemiology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joao Paulo Teixeira
- Department of Environmental Health, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
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13
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Yang CC, Siao JH, Yeh WC, Wang YM. A Study on Heat Storage and Dissipation Efficiency at Permeable Road Pavements. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123431. [PMID: 34205681 PMCID: PMC8235430 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The main contributing factor of the urban heat island (UHI) effect is caused by daytime heating. Traditional pavements in cities aggravate the UHI effect due to their heat storage and volumetric heat capacity. In order to alleviate UHI, this study aims to understand the heating and dissipating process of different types of permeable road pavements. The Ke Da Road in Pingtung County of Taiwan has a permeable pavement materials experiment zone with two different section configurations which were named as section I and section II for semi-permeable pavement and fully permeable pavement, respectively. The temperature sensors were installed during construction at the depths of the surface course (0 cm and 5 cm), base course (30 cm and 55 cm) and subgrade (70 cm) to monitor the temperature variations in the permeable road pavements. Hourly temperature and weather station data in January and June 2017 were collected for analysis. Based on these collected data, heat storage and dissipation efficiencies with respect to depth have been modelled by using multi regression for the two studied pavement types. It is found that the fully permeable pavement has higher heat storage and heat dissipation efficiencies than semi-permeable pavement in winter and summer monitoring period. By observing the regressed model, it is found that the slope of the model lines are almost flat after the depth of 30 cm. Thus, from the view point of UHI, one can conclude that the reasonable design depth of permeable road pavement could be 30 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Che Yang
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (C.-C.Y.); (J.-H.S.); (W.-C.Y.)
| | - Jun-Han Siao
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (C.-C.Y.); (J.-H.S.); (W.-C.Y.)
| | - Wen-Cheng Yeh
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (C.-C.Y.); (J.-H.S.); (W.-C.Y.)
| | - Yu-Min Wang
- General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-8-7703202 (ext. 6394)
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14
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Ma Y, Jiao H, Zhang Y, Feng F, Cheng B, Ma B, Yu Z. Short-term effect of extreme air temperature on hospital emergency room visits for cardiovascular diseases from 2009 to 2012 in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:38029-38037. [PMID: 32621192 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09814-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Extreme air temperature directly affected human health. However, the short-term effect of extreme air temperature on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases has rarely been reported in China. In this study, we focused on Beijing, China, and assessed the effects of cold/warm days and nights on the number of hospital emergency room (ER) visits for cardiovascular diseases from 2009 to 2012. We used a generalized additive model (GAM) to estimate the association between extreme air temperature and the number of hospital ER visits for cardiovascular diseases. We divided the entire study group into two gender subgroups and three age subgroups. The results showed that the short-term effect of extreme air temperature on hospital ER visits for cardiovascular diseases was more profound in females and the elderly (aged ≥ 75 years). Among all the study subgroups, the highest relative risk (RR) of cardiovascular diseases associated with extremely cold days, warm days, cold nights, and warm nights was 3.0% (95% CI, 1.6%-4.4%), 0.8% (95% CI, - 0.9%-2.6%), 2.8% (95% CI, 1.6%-4.2%), and 1.8% (95% CI, 0.6%-4.3%), respectively. Overall, the effect of extremely low air temperature (during both days and nights) on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases was stronger and more acute than that of extremely high air temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Ma
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Haoran Jiao
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fengliu Feng
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bowen Cheng
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bingji Ma
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhiang Yu
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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15
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A Methodology for Assembling Future Weather Files Including Heatwaves for Building Thermal Simulations from the European Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (EURO-CORDEX) Climate Data. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13133424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With increasing mean and extreme temperatures due to climate change, it becomes necessary to use—not only future typical conditions—but future heatwaves in building thermal simulations as well. Future typical weather files are widespread, but few researchers have put together methodologies to reproduce future extreme conditions. Furthermore, climate uncertainties need to be considered and it is often difficult due to the lack of data accessibility. In this article, we propose a methodology to re-assemble future weather files—ready-to-use for building simulations—using data from the European Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (EURO-CORDEX) dynamically downscaled regional climate multi-year projections. It is the first time that this database is used to assemble weather files for building simulations because of its recent availability. Two types of future weather files are produced: typical weather years (TWY) and heatwave events (HWE). Combined together, they can be used to fully assess building resilience to overheating in future climate conditions. A case study building in Paris is modelled to compare the impact of the different weather files on the indoor operative temperature of the building. The results confirm that it is better to use multiple types of future weather files, climate models, and or scenarios to fully grasp climate projection uncertainties.
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16
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A Numerical Study on Mitigation Strategies of Urban Heat Islands in a Tropical Megacity: A Case Study in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12103952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid increase in global warming and urbanization, urban heat island effects (UHI) have become an important environmental issue. Taiwan is no exception, with previous studies demonstrating serious UHIs in megacities. Although existing UHI research has utilized computer simulations to analyze improvement scenarios, there are few cooling strategy studies in actual blocks of Taiwan. Therefore, this study selected a block of a megacity in a tropical region of Taiwan as a case study by ENVI-met. Five improvement strategies were tested and compared to the current situation (B0): (1) Case C1 changed to permeable pavement, (2) Case C2 increased the green coverage ratio (GCR) of the street to 60%, (3) Case C3 changed to permeable pavement and increased the GCR in the street to 60%, (4) Case C4 changed to permeable pavement, increased the GCR in the street to 60%, and increased the GCR in the parks to 80%, and (5) Case C5 changed to permeable pavement, increased GCR in the street to 60% and parks to 80%, and set the GCR on the roof of public buildings to 100%. The results showed that the average temperature of the current thermal environment is 36.0 °C, with the comfort level described as very hot. Among the five improvement schemes, C5 had the greatest effect, cooling the area by an average of 2.00 °C. Further analysis of the relationship between the different GCRs of streets (SGCR) and the cooling effects revealed that for every 10% increase in the SGCR, the temperature of the pedestrian layer was reduced by 0.15 °C.
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17
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Jiao A, Xiang Q, Ding Z, Cao J, Ho HC, Chen D, Cheng J, Yang Z, Zhang F, Yu Y, Zhang Y. Short-term impacts of ambient fine particulate matter on emergency department visits: Comparative analysis of three exposure metrics. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125012. [PMID: 31606575 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research argued that daily excessive concentration hours (DECH) could be more informative through accounting for within-day variations, when assessing population-level exposure to ambient fine particle (PM2.5). However, few studies have comparatively investigated PM2.5-associated risks using DECH and two common metrics of daily mean and hourly peak concentration. METHODS We collected daily records of all-cause emergency department visits (EDVs) and hourly data on air pollutants and meteorological factors from Shenzhen, China, 2015-2018. According to guidelines proposed by the World Health Organization, DECH was calculated by summing up daily concentrations exceeding 25 μg/m3. Based on time-stratified case-crossover design, we adopted conditional logistic regression models to assess short-term attributable risks of EDVs associated with PM2.5 using three exposure metrics. RESULTS DECH and daily average of PM2.5 strongly elevated risks of EDVs, while less evident associations were observed using hourly peak metric. Estimated excess relative risks at lag 0 day were 0.56% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21 to 0.91), 0.69% (95% CI: 0.25 to 1.13) and 0.37% (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.76), respectively, associated with an interquartile range increase in DECH (420.2 μg/m3), 24-h average (24.9 μg/m3) and hourly peak concentration (38 μg/m3). More emergency visits could be attributed to DECH than daily mean PM2.5, with attributable fractions of 2.02% (95% CI: 1.42 to 2.61) and 1.09% (95% CI: 0.69 to 1.49), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study added evidence for increased risk of EDVs associated with exposure to ambient PM2.5. DECH was a potential alternative exposure metric for PM2.5 assessment, which may have implications for future revision of air quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Jiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China; Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Qianqian Xiang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zan Ding
- The Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518102, China
| | - Jiguo Cao
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dieyi Chen
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia
| | - Zhiming Yang
- Donlinks School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Faxue Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yong Yu
- School of Public Health and Management, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China.
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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18
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Wang D, Lau KKL, Ren C, Goggins WBI, Shi Y, Ho HC, Lee TC, Lee LS, Woo J, Ng E. The impact of extremely hot weather events on all-cause mortality in a highly urbanized and densely populated subtropical city: A 10-year time-series study (2006-2015). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:923-931. [PMID: 31302556 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of heatwaves on public health has led to an urgent need to describe extremely hot weather events (EHWEs) and evaluate their health impacts. METHODS In Hong Kong, a very hot day (VHD) can be defined when the daily maximum temperature ≥ 33 °C, and a hot night (HN) can be identified if the daily minimum temperature ≥ 28 °C. Three lengths of time, nine combinations of VHD and HN, and four categories of occurrence intervals between two EHWEs were considered over 2006-2015. The daily relative risk (RR) of all-cause mortality was estimated using Poisson generalized additive regression models, controlling for both short-term and long-term trends in temperature as well as four air pollutants. Lagged effects of the representative EHWEs were further examined for their association with mortality. Subgroup analysis was conducted for different sex and age groups. RESULTS Significant associations with raised mortality risks were observed for a single HN, while stronger associations with mortality were observed as significant for five or more consecutive VHDs/HNs. More HNs between the consecutive VHDs also significantly amplified the impact on mortality, with the strongest association observed for EHWEs characterized as 2D3N, and the effect significantly lagged for five days. Therefore, with identifiable health impacts, three thresholds (5VHDs, 5HNs, & 2D3N) were determined to be representative of identical types of EHWEs in Hong Kong. Furthermore, by taking 2 (3) consecutive VHDs (HNs) as one daytime (nighttime) EHWE event, those occurring consecutively without non-hot days (nights) in between were found to be significantly associated with excess mortality risks. Moreover, females and older adults were determined to be relatively more vulnerable to all defined EHWEs. CONCLUSIONS Among all the observed significant heat-mortality associations in highly urbanized cities, EHWEs that occurred during the nighttime, with extended length, consecutively without any break in between, or in the pattern of 2D3N might require the meteorological administration, healthcare providers, and urban planners to work interactively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Jockey Club Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin Ka-Lun Lau
- Jockey Club Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chao Ren
- Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - William Bernard Iii Goggins
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yuan Shi
- School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | | - Jean Woo
- Jockey Club Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Edward Ng
- Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Role of Apparent Temperature and Air Pollutants in Hospital Admissions for Acute Myocardial Infarction in the North of Spain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 72:634-640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Royé D, Zarrabeitia MT, Fdez-Arroyabe P, Álvarez Gutiérrez A, Santurtún A. Papel de la temperatura aparente y de los contaminantes atmosféricos en los ingresos por infarto agudo de miocardio en el norte de España. Rev Esp Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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Abstract
Heat waves pose additional risks to urban spaces because of the additional heat provided by urban heat islands (UHIs) as well as poorer air quality. Our study focuses on the analysis of UHIs, human thermal comfort, and air quality for the city of Madrid, Spain during heat waves. Heat wave periods are defined using the long-term records from the urban station Madrid-Retiro. Two types of UHI were studied: the canopy layer UHI (CLUHI) was evaluated using air temperature time-series from five meteorological stations; the surface UHI (SUHI) was derived from land surface temperature (LST) images from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) products. To assess human thermal comfort, the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) index was applied. Air quality was analyzed from the records of two air quality networks. More frequent and longer heat waves have been observed since 1980; the nocturnal CLUHI and both the diurnal and nocturnal SUHI experience an intensification, which have led to an increasing number of tropical nights. Conversely, thermal stress is extreme by day in the city due to the lack of cooling by winds. Finally, air quality during heat waves deteriorates because of the higher than normal amount of particles arriving from Northern Africa.
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22
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Wobus C, Zarakas C, Malek P, Sanderson B, Crimmins A, Kolian M, Sarofim M, Weaver CP. Reframing Future Risks of Extreme Heat in the United States. EARTH'S FUTURE 2018; 6:1323-1335. [PMID: 31032376 PMCID: PMC6473665 DOI: 10.1029/2018ef000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to reframe the analysis and discussion of extreme heat projections to improve communication of future extreme heat risks in the United States. We combine existing data from 31 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models to examine future exposure to extreme heat for global average temperatures of 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 °C above a preindustrial baseline. We find that throughout the United States, historically rare extreme heat events become increasingly common in the future as global temperatures rise and that the depiction of exposure depends in large part on whether extreme heat is defined by absolute or relative metrics. For example, for a 4 °C global temperature rise, parts of the country may never see summertime temperatures in excess of 100 °F, but virtually all of the country is projected to experience more than 4 weeks per summer with temperatures exceeding their historical summertime maximum. All of the extreme temperature metrics we explored become more severe with increasing global average temperatures. However, a moderate climate scenario delays the impacts projected for a 3 °C world by almost a generation relative to the higher scenario and prevents the most extreme impacts projected for a 4 °C world.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Wobus
- Lynker TechnologiesBoulderCOUSA
- Abt AssociatesBoulderCOUSA
| | | | | | - B. Sanderson
- National Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderCOUSA
| | - A. Crimmins
- U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyWashingtonDCUSA
| | - M. Kolian
- U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyWashingtonDCUSA
| | - M. Sarofim
- U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyWashingtonDCUSA
| | - C. P. Weaver
- U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyWashingtonDCUSA
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23
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Participatory Climate Change Impact Assessment in Three Czech Cities: The Case of Heatwaves. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10061906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Effect of night-time temperatures on cause and age-specific mortality in London. Environ Epidemiol 2017; 1:e005. [PMID: 33195962 PMCID: PMC7608908 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: High ambient temperatures are associated with an acute increase in mortality risk. Although heat exposure during the night is anecdotally cited as being important, this has not been rigorously demonstrated in the epidemiological literature. Methods: We quantified the contribution of nighttime temperatures using time-series quasi-Poisson regression on cause and age-specific daily mortality in London between 1993 and 2015. Daytime and nighttime exposures were characterized by average temperatures between 9 am and 9 pm and between 4 am and 8 am, respectively, lagged by 7 days. We also examined the differential impacts of hot and cool nights preceded by very hot days. All models were adjusted for air quality, season, and day of the week. Nighttime models were additionally adjusted for daytime exposure. Results: Effects from nighttime exposure persisted after adjusting for daytime exposure. This was highest for stroke, RR (relative risk) = 1.65 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.27 to 2.14) estimated by comparing mortality risk at the 80th and 99th temperature percentiles. Compared to daytime exposure, nighttime exposure had a higher mortality risk on chronic ischemic and stroke and in the younger age groups. Respiratory mortality was most sensitive to daytime temperatures. Hot days followed by hot nights had a greater mortality risk than hot days followed by cool nights. Conclusions: Nighttime exposures make an additional important contribution to heat-related mortality. This impact was highest on warm nights that were preceded by a hot day, which justifies the alert criteria in heat–health warning system that is based on hot days followed by hot nights. The highest mortality risk was from stroke; targeted interventions would benefit patients most susceptible to stroke.
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