1
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Arnold IC, Munitz A. Spatial adaptation of eosinophils and their emerging roles in homeostasis, infection and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01048-y. [PMID: 38982311 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Eosinophils are bone marrow-derived granulocytes that are traditionally associated with type 2 immune responses, such as those that occur during parasite infections and allergy. Emerging evidence demonstrates the remarkable functional plasticity of this elusive cell type and its pleiotropic functions in diverse settings. Eosinophils broadly contribute to tissue homeostasis, host defence and immune regulation, predominantly at mucosal sites. The scope of their activities primarily reflects the breadth of their portfolio of secreted mediators, which range from cytotoxic cationic proteins and reactive oxygen species to multiple cytokines, chemokines and lipid mediators. Here, we comprehensively review basic eosinophil biology that is directly related to their activities in homeostasis, protective immunity, regeneration and cancer. We examine how dysregulation of these functions contributes to the physiopathology of a broad range of inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings regarding the tissue compartmentalization and adaptation of eosinophils, shedding light on the factors that likely drive their functional diversification within tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle C Arnold
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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2
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Park JH, Mortaja M, Son HG, Zhao X, Sloat LM, Azin M, Wang J, Collier MR, Tummala KS, Mandinova A, Bardeesy N, Semenov YR, Mino-Kenudson M, Demehri S. Statin prevents cancer development in chronic inflammation by blocking interleukin 33 expression. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4099. [PMID: 38816352 PMCID: PMC11139893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a major cause of cancer worldwide. Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a critical initiator of cancer-prone chronic inflammation; however, its induction mechanism by environmental causes of chronic inflammation is unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that Toll-like receptor (TLR)3/4-TBK1-IRF3 pathway activation links environmental insults to IL-33 induction in the skin and pancreas inflammation. An FDA-approved drug library screen identifies pitavastatin to effectively suppress IL-33 expression by blocking TBK1 membrane recruitment/activation through the mevalonate pathway inhibition. Accordingly, pitavastatin prevents chronic pancreatitis and its cancer sequela in an IL-33-dependent manner. The IRF3-IL-33 axis is highly active in chronic pancreatitis and its associated pancreatic cancer in humans. Interestingly, pitavastatin use correlates with a significantly reduced risk of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer in patients. Our findings demonstrate that blocking the TBK1-IRF3-IL-33 signaling axis suppresses cancer-prone chronic inflammation. Statins present a safe and effective prophylactic strategy to prevent chronic inflammation and its cancer sequela.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ho Park
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Mahsa Mortaja
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heehwa G Son
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xutu Zhao
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren M Sloat
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marjan Azin
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael R Collier
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krishna S Tummala
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Mandinova
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yevgeniy R Semenov
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shadmehr Demehri
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Drygiannakis I, Kolios G, Filidou E, Bamias G, Valatas V. Intestinal Stromal Cells in the Turmoil of Inflammation and Defective Connective Tissue Remodeling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae066. [PMID: 38581412 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
In steady state, intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts form a thin layer below the basement membrane. Unlike the rest of the stromal cells in the lamina propria, they express tensile proteins, guide epithelial regeneration, and sense luminal microbiota. Upon inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), they express activation markers, accept trophic signaling by infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages, and are activated by cytokines from helper T cells to produce a narrow spectrum of cytokines and a wider spectrum of chemokines, attract cells of innate and adaptive immunity, orchestrate inflammatory responses, and qualitatively and quantitatively modify the extracellular matrix. Thus, beyond being structural tissue components, they assume active roles in the pathogenesis of complicated IBD. Discrimination between myofibroblasts and fibroblasts may be an oversimplification in light of single-cell sequencing data unveiling the complexity of multiple phenotypes of stromal cells with distinct roles and plasticity. Spatial transcriptomics revealed distinct phenotypes by histologic localization and, more intriguingly, the assembly of mucosal neighborhoods that support spatially distinct functions. Current IBD treatments target inflammation but fail in fibrostenotic or fistulizing disease. Baseline and recent findings on stromal cells, molecules, and pathways involved in disrupted extracellular matrix homeostasis are reviewed to provide relevant pharmacologic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Drygiannakis
- Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Gastroenterology Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Third Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Valatas
- Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Gastroenterology Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
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4
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Rieder F, Mukherjee PK, Massey WJ, Wang Y, Fiocchi C. Fibrosis in IBD: from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets. Gut 2024; 73:854-866. [PMID: 38233198 PMCID: PMC10997492 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis resulting in stricture formation and obstruction in Crohn's disease (CD) and increased wall stiffness leading to symptoms in ulcerative colitis (UC) is among the largest unmet needs in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fibrosis is caused by a multifactorial and complex process involving immune and non-immune cells, their soluble mediators and exposure to luminal contents, such as microbiota and environmental factors. To date, no antifibrotic therapy is available. Some progress has been made in creating consensus definitions and measurements to quantify stricture morphology for clinical practice and trials, but approaches to determine the degree of fibrosis within a stricture are still lacking. OBJECTIVE We herein describe the current state of stricture pathogenesis, measuring tools and clinical trial endpoints development. DESIGN Data presented and discussed in this review derive from the past and recent literature and the authors' own research and experience. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Significant progress has been made in better understanding the pathogenesis of fibrosis, but additional studies and preclinical developments are needed to define specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Pranab K Mukherjee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - William J Massey
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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5
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Toskas A, Milias S, Papamitsou T, Meditskou S, Kamperidis N, Sioga A. The role of IL-19, IL-24, IL-21 and IL-33 in intestinal mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease: A narrative review. Arab J Gastroenterol 2024:S1687-1979(24)00002-9. [PMID: 38395629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Interleukins are potential therapeutic targets that can alter the prognosis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The roles of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-23 have been extensively studied, setting the stage for the development of novel treatments for patients with IBD. Other cytokines have been less extensively studied. Members of the IL-20 family, mainly IL-19 and IL-24, are involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, but their exact role remains unclear. Similarly, IL-33, a newly identified cytokine, has been shown to control the Th1 effector response and the action of colonic Tregs in animal models of colitis and patients with IBD. IL-21 is involved in the Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses. Data support a promising future use of these interleukins as biomarkers of severe diseases and as potential therapeutic targets for novel monoclonal antibodies. This review aims to summarize the existing studies involving animal models of colitis and patients with IBD to clarify their role in the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Toskas
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; St Marks Hospital, Watford Rd, Harrow, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Stefanos Milias
- Private Histopathology Laboratory, Ploutonos 27, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Antonia Sioga
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Sheibani M, Shayan M, Khalilzadeh M, Soltani ZE, Jafari-Sabet M, Ghasemi M, Dehpour AR. Kynurenine pathway and its role in neurologic, psychiatric, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10409-10425. [PMID: 37848760 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway is of central importance for the immune function. It prevents hyperinflammation and induces long-term immune tolerance. Accumulating evidence also demonstrates cytoprotective and immunomodulatory properties of kynurenine pathway in conditions affecting either central or peripheral nervous system as well as other conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although multilevel association exists between the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and various neurologic (e.g., neurodegenerative) disorders, it is believed that the kynurenine pathway plays a pivotal role in the development of both IBD and neurodegenerative disorders. In this setting, there is strong evidence linking the gut-brain axis with intestinal dysfunctions including IBD which is consistent with the fact that the risk of neurodegenerative diseases is higher in IBD patients. This review aims to highlight the role of kynurenine metabolic pathway in various neurologic and psychiatric diseases as well as relationship between IBD and neurodegenerative disorders in the light of the kynurenine metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sheibani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Razi Drug Research Centre, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shayan
- Experimental Medicine Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, MS, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Khalilzadeh
- Experimental Medicine Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, MS, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ebrahim Soltani
- Experimental Medicine Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, MS, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Jafari-Sabet
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Razi Drug Research Centre, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, 41 Mall Road, Burlington, MA, 01803, USA.
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, MS, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Li B, Guo Y, Jia X, Cai Y, Zhang Y, Yang Q. Luteolin alleviates ulcerative colitis in rats via regulating immune response, oxidative stress, and metabolic profiling. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230785. [PMID: 37693835 PMCID: PMC10487402 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease and associated with metabolic imbalance. Luteolin (LUT) reportedly exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. However, its regulatory effects on metabolites remain indistinct. Here, the effects of LUT on immune response and oxidative stress in UC were determined. Serum metabolomics profiles of UC rats treated with LUT were obtained utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results revealed that LUT treatment alleviated colon tissue injury, colon shortening, weight loss, and inflammatory response in UC rats. Additionally, the levels of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity were elevated, but malondialdehyde content was reduced in serum of UC rats, while these changes were abrogated by LUT. Metabolomics analysis unveiled that l-malic acid, creatinine, l-glutamine, and l-lactic acid levels were remarkably decreased, while dimethyl sulfone, 5-methylcytosine, cysteine-S-sulfate, and jasmonic acid levels were notably increased after LUT treatment. Furthermore, differential metabolites primarily participated in d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and citrate cycle pathways. In summary, these results demonstrated that LUT improved immune response, alleviated oxidative stress, and altered metabolites in UC rats. This study lays the root for further exploring the mechanism of LUT in the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Gastroenterology Research (Hebei), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity Toxin Syndrome, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xuemei Jia
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yanru Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity Toxin Syndrome, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 389 Zhongshan East Road, Chang’an District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Gastroenterology Research (Hebei), Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Turbidity Toxin Syndrome, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 389 Zhongshan East Road, Chang’an District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Toskas A, Milias S, Delis G, Meditskou S, Sioga A, Papamitsou T. Expression of IL-21 and IL-33 in Intestinal Mucosa of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Immunohistochemical Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2185. [PMID: 37443579 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukins are considered to be potential therapeutic targets that can alter the prognosis and disease progression of IBD. IL-21 has proven to be involved in effector Th1, Th2 and Th17 responses. Similarly, IL-33, a newly identified cytokine, has been shown to control the Th1 effector response and the action of the colonic Tregs in animal models of colitis and patients with IBD. In this retrospective study, we have studied the expression of these interleukins, using immunohistochemistry, in 121 patients with moderate to severe IBD before and after treatment with biologics. The results were statistically processed using SPSSTM. Increased IL-21 expression was found in the UC and CD groups versus the controls. The IL-33 expression was found to be increased in the post-treatment UC and CD groups, suggesting a protective role of this interleukin against bowel inflammation. The IL-33 expression post-treatment was reversely correlated with the activity index score in CD patients, suggesting a better response to treatment in patients with higher IL-33 mucosa levels. This is the first immunohistochemical study of the expression of those interleukins in bowel mucosa before and after treatment with biologics. These data support a possibly promising future use of these interleukins as biomarkers of severe disease and response to treatment and as potential therapeutic targets for novel monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Toskas
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- St Marks Hospital, Watford Rd, Harrow, London HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Stefanos Milias
- Private Histopathology Laboratory, Ploutonos 27, 54655 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Delis
- Veterinary School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonia Sioga
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Papamitsou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Coufal S, Kverka M, Kreisinger J, Thon T, Rob F, Kolar M, Reiss Z, Schierova D, Kostovcikova K, Roubalova R, Bajer L, Jackova Z, Mihula M, Drastich P, Tresnak Hercogova J, Novakova M, Vasatko M, Lukas M, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H, Jiraskova Zakostelska Z. Serum TGF- β1 and CD14 Predicts Response to Anti-TNF- α Therapy in IBD. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:1535484. [PMID: 37383609 PMCID: PMC10299888 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1535484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) agonists revolutionized therapeutic algorithms in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management. However, approximately every third IBD patient does not respond to this therapy in the long term, which delays efficient control of the intestinal inflammation. Methods We analyzed the power of serum biomarkers to predict the failure of anti-TNF-α. We collected serum of 38 IBD patients at therapy prescription and 38 weeks later and analyzed them with relation to therapy response (no-, partial-, and full response). We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify 16 biomarkers related to gut barrier (intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, liver fatty acid-binding protein, trefoil factor 3, and interleukin (IL)-33), microbial translocation, immune system regulation (TNF-α, CD14, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, mannan-binding lectin, IL-18, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), osteoprotegerin (OPG), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), endocrine-gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor), and matrix metalloproteinase system (MMP-9, MMP-14, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1). Results We found that future full-responders have different biomarker profiles than non-responders, while partial-responders cannot be distinguished from either group. When future non-responders were compared to responders, their baseline contained significantly more TGF-β1, less CD14, and increased level of MMP-9, and concentration of these factors could predict non-responders with high accuracy (AUC = 0.938). Interestingly, during the 38 weeks, levels of MMP-9 decreased in all patients, irrespective of the outcome, while OPG, IGF-2, and TGF-β1 were higher in non-responders compared to full-responders both at the beginning and the end of the treatment. Conclusions The TGF-β1 and CD14 can distinguish non-responders from responders. The changes in biomarker dynamics during the therapy suggest that growth factors (such as OPG, IGF-2, and TGF-β) are not markedly influenced by the treatment and that anti-TNF-α therapy decreases MMP-9 without influencing the treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Coufal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Kverka
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Kreisinger
- Laboratory of Animal Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Thon
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Rob
- Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bulovka, Dermatovenerology Department, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kolar
- ISCARE a.s., IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Reiss
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Schierova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Kostovcikova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Roubalova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Bajer
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Jackova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mihula
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drastich
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Tresnak Hercogova
- Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bulovka, Dermatovenerology Department, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dermatology Prof. Hercogova, Center for Biological Therapy, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Novakova
- Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bulovka, Dermatovenerology Department, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vasatko
- ISCARE a.s., IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Lukas
- ISCARE a.s., IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Jiraskova Zakostelska
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Kaur H, Kaur G, Ali SA. IL-33's role in the gut immune system: A comprehensive review of its crosstalk and regulation. Life Sci 2023; 327:121868. [PMID: 37330043 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal tract is the largest immune organ in the human body, comprising a complex network of immune cells and epithelial cells that perform a variety of functions such as nutrient absorption, digestion, and waste excretion. Maintenance of homeostasis and effective responses to injury in the colonic epithelium are crucial for maintaining homeostasis between these two cell types. The onset and perpetuation of gut inflammation, characterizing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), are triggered by constitutive dysregulation of cytokine production. IL-33 is a newly characterized cytokine that has emerged as a critical modulator of inflammatory disorders. IL-33 is constitutively expressed in the nuclei of different cell types such as endothelial, epithelial, and fibroblast-like cells. Upon tissue damage or pathogen encounter, IL-33 is released as an alarmin and signals through a heterodimer receptor that consists of serum Stimulation-2 (ST2) and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). IL-33 has the ability to induce Th2 cytokine production and enhance both Th1 and Th2, as well as Th17 immune responses. Exogenous administration of IL-33 in mice caused pathological changes in most mucosal tissues such as the lung and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract associated with increased production of type 2 cytokines and chemokines. In vivo and in vitro, primary studies have exhibited that IL-33 can activate Th2 cells, mast cells, or basophils to produce type 2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Moreover, several novel cell populations, collectively referred to as "type 2 innate lymphoid cells," were identified as being IL-33 responsive and are thought to be important for initiating type 2 immunity. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms by which IL-33 promotes type 2 immunity in the GI tract remain to be fully understood. Recently, it has been discovered that IL-33 plays important roles in regulatory immune responses. Highly suppressive ST2 + FoxP3+ Tregs subsets regulated by IL-33 were identified in several tissues, including lymphoid organs, gut, lung, and adipose tissues. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge on IL-33's role in the gut immune system, its crosstalk, and regulation. The article will provide insights into the potential applications of IL-33-based therapies in the treatment of gut inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Division Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Li S, Xu K, Cheng Y, Chen L, Yi A, Xiao Z, Zhao X, Chen M, Tian Y, Meng W, Tang Z, Zhou S, Ruan G, Wei Y. The role of complex interactions between the intestinal flora and host in regulating intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1188455. [PMID: 37389342 PMCID: PMC10303177 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1188455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is inefficient and difficult to discontinue appropriately, and enterobacterial interactions are expected to provide a new target for the treatment of IBD. We collected recent studies on the enterobacterial interactions among the host, enterobacteria, and their metabolite products and discuss potential therapeutic options. Intestinal flora interactions in IBD are affected in the reduced bacterial diversity, impact the immune system and are influenced by multiple factors such as host genetics and diet. Enterobacterial metabolites such as SCFAs, bile acids, and tryptophan also play important roles in enterobacterial interactions, especially in the progression of IBD. Therapeutically, a wide range of sources of probiotics and prebiotics exhibit potential therapeutic benefit in IBD through enterobacterial interactions, and some have gained wide recognition as adjuvant drugs. Different dietary patterns and foods, especially functional foods, are novel therapeutic modalities that distinguish pro-and prebiotics from traditional medications. Combined studies with food science may significantly improve the therapeutic experience of patients with IBD. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the role of enterobacteria and their metabolites in enterobacterial interactions, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the potential therapeutic options derived from such metabolites, and postulate directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Basic Medicine College of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Basic Medicine College of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ailin Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Minjia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuting Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zongyuan Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuhong Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guangcong Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanling Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Jiang Y, Donati V, Peters GJ, Giovannetti E, Deng DM. Fungal mycobiome-mediated immune response: a non-negligible promoter in pancreatic oncogenesis and chemoresistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:284-290. [PMID: 37457135 PMCID: PMC10344719 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers in humans due to late diagnosis and poor response to treatments. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDAC is characterized by a distinctive, suppressive immune profile, which inhibits the protective functions of anti-tumor immunity and thereby contributes to PDAC progression. Recently, the study of Alam et al. discovered for the first time that the intratumoral fungal mycobiome could contribute to the recruitment and activation of type 2 immune cells in the TME of PDAC via enhancing the secretion of a chemoattractant, interleukin (IL-) 33. In this article, we reviewed the important findings of this study. Together with our findings, we synthetically discussed the role of the fungal mycobiome in orchestrating the immune response and thereby modulating tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Jiang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 LA, Netherlands
| | - Valentina Donati
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
- Unit of Pathological Anatomy 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa 56100, Italy
| | - Godefridus J. Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-210, Poland
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, Netherlands
- Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, San Giuliano Terme, Pisa 56017, Italy
| | - Dong Mei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 LA, Netherlands
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Shahini A, Shahini A. Role of interleukin-6-mediated inflammation in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease: focus on the available therapeutic approaches and gut microbiome. J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:55-74. [PMID: 36112307 PMCID: PMC10030733 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is considered a chronic inflammatory and multifactorial disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are two types of chronic IBD. Although there is no accurate information about IBD pathophysiology, evidence suggests that various factors, including the gut microbiome, environment, genetics, lifestyle, and a dysregulated immune system, may increase susceptibility to IBD. Moreover, inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) are involved in the immunopathogenesis of IBDs. IL-6 contributes to T helper 17 (Th17) differentiation, mediating further destructive inflammatory responses in CD and UC. Moreover, Th1-mediated responses participate in IBD, and the antiapoptotic IL-6/IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signals are responsible for preserving Th1 cells in the site of inflammation. It has been revealed that fecal bacteria isolated from UC-active and UC-remission patients stimulate the hyperproduction of several cytokines, such as IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-10, and IL-12. Given the importance of the IL-6/IL-6R axis, various therapeutic options exist for controlling or treating IBD. Therefore, alternative therapeutic approaches such as modulating the gut microbiome could be beneficial due to the failure of the target therapies so far. This review article summarizes IBD immunopathogenesis focusing on the IL-6/IL-6R axis and discusses available therapeutic approaches based on the gut microbiome alteration and IL-6/IL-6R axis targeting and treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshia Shahini
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ali Shahini
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Andoh A, Nishida A. Pro- and anti-inflammatory roles of interleukin (IL)-33, IL-36, and IL-38 in inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:69-78. [PMID: 36376594 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-022-01936-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33), IL-36, and IL-38 are members of the IL-1 cytokine family. The expression of each cytokine has been reported to be increased in the inflamed mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IL-33 and IL-36 have been studied for pro- and anti-inflammatory functions, and IL-38 has been characterized as an anti-inflammatory cytokine by antagonizing the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R). IL-33 is a nuclear cytokine constitutively expressed by certain cell types such as epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblast-like cells and released on necrotic cell death. IL-33 mainly induces type 2 immune response through its receptor suppression tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) from Th2 cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), but also by stimulating Th1 cells, regulatory T cells, and CD8+ T cells. IL-36 cytokines consist of three agonists: IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ, and two receptor antagonists: IL-36R antagonist (IL-36Ra) and IL-38. All IL-36 cytokines bind to the IL-36R complex and exert various functions through NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in inflammatory settings. IL-33 and IL-36 also play a crucial role in intestinal fibrosis characteristic manifestation of CD. In this review, we focused on the current understanding of the pro- and anti-inflammatory roles of IL-33, IL-36, and IL38 in experimental colitis and IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Andoh
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
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15
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The Controversial Role of Intestinal Mast Cells in Colon Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030459. [PMID: 36766801 PMCID: PMC9914221 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident sentinels involved in large number of physiological and pathological processes, such as infection and allergic response, thanks to the expression of a wide array of receptors. Mast cells are also frequently observed in a tumor microenvironment, suggesting their contribution in the transition from chronic inflammation to cancer. In particular, the link between inflammation and colorectal cancer development is becoming increasingly clear. It has long been recognized that patients with inflammatory bowel disease have an increased risk of developing colon cancer. Evidence from experimental animals also implicates the innate immune system in the development of sporadically occurring intestinal adenomas, the precursors to colorectal cancer. However, the exact role of mast cells in tumor initiation and growth remains controversial: mast cell-derived mediators can either exert pro-tumorigenic functions, causing the progression and spread of the tumor, or anti-tumorigenic functions, limiting the tumor's growth. Here, we review the multifaceted and often contrasting findings regarding the role of the intestinal mast cells in colon cancer progression focusing on the molecular pathways mainly involved in the regulation of mast cell plasticity/functions during tumor progression.
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Aggeletopoulou I, Tsounis EP, Triantos C. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying IL-33-Mediated Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010623. [PMID: 36614065 PMCID: PMC9820409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a cytokine defined by its pleiotropic function, acting either as a typical extracellular cytokine or as a nuclear transcription factor. IL-33 and its receptor, suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), interact with both innate and adaptive immunity and are considered critical regulators of inflammatory disorders. The IL-33/ST2 axis is involved in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis; on the basis of their role as pro- or anti-inflammatory mediators of first-line innate immunity, their expression is of great importance in regard to mucosal defenses. Mucosal immunity commonly presents an imbalance in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This review summarizes the main cellular and molecular aspects of IL-33 and ST2, mainly focusing on the current evidence of the pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of the IL-33/ST2 axis in the course of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying the association of IL-33/ST2 signaling in IBD pathogenesis. Although IL-33 modulates and impacts the development, course, and recurrence of the inflammatory response, the exact role of this molecule is elusive, and it seems to be associated with the subtype of the disease or the disease stage. Unraveling of IL-33/ST2-mediated mechanisms involved in IBD pathology shows great potential for clinical application as therapeutic targets in IBD treatment.
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Could Chronic Rhinosinusitis Increase the Risk of Ulcerative Colitis? A Nationwide Cohort Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102344. [PMID: 36292033 PMCID: PMC9600918 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the sinonasal mucosa with an inflammatory or infectious etiology. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) causes chronic intestinal inflammation. Thus, both diseases share innate immune and epithelial barrier dysfunctions of the mucosa. However, the association between sinusitis and IBD is not well-known. We aimed to determine the association between CRS and the risk for IBDs, such as Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). In this long-term retrospective cohort study, 15,175 patients with CRS and 30,350 patients without CRS (comparison group) were enrolled after 1:2 propensity score matching. The incidence rates of CD and UC were 0.22 and 0.51 (1000 person-years), respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for developing CD and UC in CRS patients was 1.01 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.66–1.54) and 1.72 (95% CI, 1.26–2.36), respectively. Additionally, in the subgroup analysis using the CRS phenotype, the adjusted HRs of UC were significantly increased in patients with CRS without nasal polyps (adjusted HR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.24–2.35), but not in those with CRS with nasal polyps. CRS without nasal polyps is associated with an increased incidence of UC but not CD. Therefore, clinicians should pay attention to the early detection of UC when treating patients with CRS without nasal polyps.
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Di Carmine S, Scott MM, McLean MH, McSorley HJ. The role of interleukin-33 in organ fibrosis. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 1:kyac006. [PMID: 38566909 PMCID: PMC10917208 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is highly expressed in the nucleus of cells present at barrier sites and signals via the ST2 receptor. IL-33 signalling via ST2 is essential for return to tissue homeostasis after acute inflammation, promoting fibrinogenesis and wound healing at injury sites. However, this wound-healing response becomes aberrant during chronic or sustained inflammation, leading to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) release, excessive extracellular matrix deposition, and fibrosis. This review addresses the role of the IL-33 pathway in fibrotic diseases of the lung, liver, gastrointestinal tract, skin, kidney and heart. In the lung and liver, IL-33 release leads to the activation of pro-fibrotic TGF-β, and in these sites, IL-33 has clear pro-fibrotic roles. In the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and kidney, the role of IL-33 is more complex, being both pro-fibrotic and tissue protective. Finally, in the heart, IL-33 serves cardioprotective functions by favouring tissue healing and preventing cardiomyocyte death. Altogether, this review indicates the presence of an unclear and delicate balance between resolving and pro-fibrotic capabilities of IL-33, which has a central role in the modulation of type 2 inflammation and fibrosis in response to tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Di Carmine
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Building, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Molly M Scott
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Mairi H McLean
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Henry J McSorley
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Building, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Dong L, Zhang R, Huang Q, Shen Y, Li H, Yu S, Wu Q. Construction, bioinformatics analysis, and validation of competitive endogenous RNA networks in ulcerative colitis. Front Genet 2022; 13:951243. [PMID: 36061211 PMCID: PMC9428148 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.951243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common chronic disease of the digestive system. Recently, competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) have been increasingly used to reveal key mechanisms for the pathogenesis and treatment of UC. However, the role of ceRNA in UC pathogenesis has not been fully clarified. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network in UC and identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Materials and Methods: An integrative analysis of mRNA, microRNA (miRNA), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) files downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was performed. Differentially expressed mRNA (DE-mRNAs), miRNA (DE-miRNAs), and lncRNA (DE-lncRNAs) were investigated between the normal and UC groups by the limma package. A weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the relative model for constructing the ceRNA network, and, concurrently, miRWalk and DIANA-LncBase databases were used for target prediction. Consecutively, the Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway, and Reactome pathway enrichment analyses, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, Cytohubba, and ClueGO were performed to identify hub genes. Additionally, we examined the immune infiltration characteristics of UC and the correlation between hub genes and immune cells using the immuCellAI database. Finally, the expression of potential biomarkers of ceRNA was validated via qRT-PCR in an experimental UC model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Result: The ceRNA network was constructed by combining four mRNAs, two miRNAs, and two lncRNAs, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that two mRNAs (CTLA4 and STAT1) had high diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] > 0.9). Furthermore, CTLA4 up-regulation was positively correlated with the infiltration of immune cells. Finally, as a result of this DSS-induced experimental UC model, CTLA4, MIAT, and several associate genes expression were consistent with the results of previous bioinformatics analysis, which proved our hypothesis. Conclusion: The investigation of the ceRNA network in this study could provide insight into UC pathogenesis. CTLA4, which has immune-related properties, can be a potential biomarker in UC, and MIAT/miR-422a/CTLA4 ceRNA networks may play important roles in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longcong Dong
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruibin Zhang
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongying Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuguang Yu
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaofeng Wu
- Acupuncture and Tuina College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiaofeng Wu,
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20
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Hypo-osmotic stress induces the epithelial alarmin IL-33 in the colonic barrier of ulcerative colitis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11550. [PMID: 35798804 PMCID: PMC9263100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial alarmins are gaining interest as therapeutic targets for chronic inflammation. The nuclear alarmin interleukin-33 (IL-33) is upregulated in the colonic mucosa of acute ulcerative colitis (UC) and may represent an early instigator of the inflammatory cascade. However, it is not clear what signals drive the expression of IL-33 in the colonic mucosa, nor is the exact role of IL-33 elucidated. We established an ex vivo model using endoscopic colonic biopsies from healthy controls and UC patients. Colonic biopsies exposed to hypo-osmotic medium induced a strong nuclear IL-33 expression in colonic crypts in both healthy controls and UC biopsies. Mucosal IL33 mRNA was also significantly increased following hypo-osmotic stress in healthy controls compared to non-stimulated biopsies (fold change 3.9, p-value < 0.02). We observed a modest induction of IL-33 in response to TGF-beta-1 stimulation, whereas responsiveness to inflammatory cytokines TNF and IFN-gamma was negligible. In conclusion our findings indicate that epithelial IL-33 is induced by hypo-osmotic stress, rather than prototypic proinflammatory cytokines in colonic ex vivo biopsies. This is a novel finding, linking a potent cytokine and alarmin of the innate immune system with cellular stress mechanisms and mucosal inflammation.
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Bhat AA, Nisar S, Singh M, Ashraf B, Masoodi T, Prasad CP, Sharma A, Maacha S, Karedath T, Hashem S, Yasin SB, Bagga P, Reddy R, Frennaux MP, Uddin S, Dhawan P, Haris M, Macha MA. Cytokine‐ and chemokine‐induced inflammatory colorectal tumor microenvironment: Emerging avenue for targeted therapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:689-715. [PMID: 35791509 PMCID: PMC9395317 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a predominant life‐threatening cancer, with liver and peritoneal metastases as the primary causes of death. Intestinal inflammation, a known CRC risk factor, nurtures a local inflammatory environment enriched with tumor cells, endothelial cells, immune cells, cancer‐associated fibroblasts, immunosuppressive cells, and secretory growth factors. The complex interactions of aberrantly expressed cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and matrix‐remodeling enzymes promote CRC pathogenesis and evoke systemic responses that affect disease outcomes. Mounting evidence suggests that these cytokines and chemokines play a role in the progression of CRC through immunosuppression and modulation of the tumor microenvironment, which is partly achieved by the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells. These cells impart features such as cancer stem cell‐like properties, drug resistance, invasion, and formation of the premetastatic niche in distant organs, promoting metastasis and aggressive CRC growth. A deeper understanding of the cytokine‐ and chemokine‐mediated signaling networks that link tumor progression and metastasis will provide insights into the mechanistic details of disease aggressiveness and facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for CRC. Here, we summarized the current knowledge of cytokine‐ and chemokine‐mediated crosstalk in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment, which drives immunosuppression, resistance to therapeutics, and metastasis during CRC progression. We also outlined the potential of this crosstalk as a novel therapeutic target for CRC. The major cytokine/chemokine pathways involved in cancer immunotherapy are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A. Bhat
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Cancer Research Department Sidra Medicine Doha 26999 Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Cancer Research Department Sidra Medicine Doha 26999 Qatar
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Bazella Ashraf
- Department of Biotechnology School of Life Sciences Central University of Kashmir Ganderbal Jammu & Kashmir 191201 India
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Cancer Research Department Sidra Medicine Doha 26999 Qatar
| | - Chandra P. Prasad
- Department of Medical Oncology Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) New Delhi 110029 India
| | - Selma Maacha
- Division of Translational Medicine Research Branch Sidra Medicine Doha 26999 Qatar
| | - Thasni Karedath
- Genomics Core Facility, QBRI Qatar Foundation Doha 34110 Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Cancer Research Department Sidra Medicine Doha 26999 Qatar
| | - Syed Besina Yasin
- Department of Pathology Sher‐I‐Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir 190011 India
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN 38105 USA
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | | | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute Hamad Medical Corporation Doha 3050 Qatar
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198 USA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Cancer Research Department Sidra Medicine Doha 26999 Qatar
- Laboratory Animal Research Center Qatar University Doha 2713 Qatar
| | - Muzafar A. Macha
- Watson‐Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine Islamic University of Science and Technology Awantipora Jammu & Kashmir 192122 India
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22
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Matarazzo L, Hernandez Santana YE, Walsh PT, Fallon PG. The IL-1 cytokine family as custodians of barrier immunity. Cytokine 2022; 154:155890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Uchiyama K, Takagi T, Mizushima K, Asaeda K, Kajiwara M, Kashiwagi S, Toyokawa Y, Hotta Y, Tanaka M, Inoue K, Dohi O, Okayama T, Yoshida N, Katada K, Kamada K, Ishikawa T, Yasuda H, Konishi H, Kishimoto M, Naito Y, Itoh Y. Mucosal interleukin-8 expression as a predictor of subsequent relapse in ulcerative colitis patients with Mayo endoscopic subscore 0. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1034-1042. [PMID: 35233808 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Complete endoscopic mucosal healing is defined as a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 0. Some patients diagnosed with a Mayo endoscopic subscore 0 may present with subsequent clinical relapse. Here, we aimed to demonstrate mucosal cytokine profile as a predictor of clinical relapse in ulcerative colitis patients with a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 0 as a marker of mucosal healing. METHODS We conducted prospective observational pilot study to examine the relationship between mucosal cytokine expression and subsequent relapse of UC patients diagnosed with a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 0. We enrolled 55 patients, and expression of cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon γ, interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, interleukin-6, interleukin-7, interleukin-8, interleukin-9, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interleukin-13, interleukin-15, interleukin-17A, interleukin-17F, interleukin-18, interleukin-21, interleukin-22, interleukin-23, interleukin-27, and interleukin-33 was measured by quantitative real-time PCR using rectal mucosa biopsy materials. Cytokine expression levels were compared between patients who relapsed between March 1, 2016, and March 30, 2020, of the study period and those who remained in remission. RESULTS Ten cytokines, including interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, interleukin-12, interleukin-15, interleukin-17A, interleukin-21, interleukin-23, and interleukin-33, were significantly elevated in patients with subsequent relapse compared with those who remained in remission. Interleukin-8 expression was the most useful predictor. CONCLUSIONS In the rectal mucosa of ulcerative colitis patients with Mayo endoscopic subscore 0, levels of several cytokines were elevated in cases of subsequent relapse. Among these, interleukin-8 expression was the most useful for predicting relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Uchiyama
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kohei Asaeda
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mariko Kajiwara
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saori Kashiwagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Toyokawa
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuma Hotta
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Tanaka
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Inoue
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Dohi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okayama
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naohisa Yoshida
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Katada
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kamada
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishikawa
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yasuda
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Konishi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kishimoto
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Sunaga S, Tsunoda J, Teratani T, Mikami Y, Kanai T. Heterogeneity of ILC2s in the Intestine; Homeostasis and Pathology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:867351. [PMID: 35707544 PMCID: PMC9190760 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were identified in 2010 as a novel lymphocyte subset lacking antigen receptors, such as T-cell or B-cell receptors. ILC2s induce local immune responses characterized by producing type 2 cytokines and play essential roles for maintaining tissue homeostasis. ILC2s are distributed across various organs, including the intestine where immune cells are continuously exposed to external antigens. Followed by luminal antigen stimulation, intestinal epithelial cells produce alarmins, such as IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and activate ILC2s to expand and produce cytokines. In the context of parasite infection, the tuft cell lining in the epithelium has been revealed as a dominant source of intestinal IL-25 and possesses the capability to regulate ILC2 homeostasis. Neuronal systems also regulate ILC2s through neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, and interact with ILC2s bidirectionally, a process termed “neuro-immune crosstalk”. Activated ILC2s produce type 2 cytokines, which contribute to epithelial barrier function, clearance of luminal antigens and tissue repair, while ILC2s are also involved in chronic inflammation and tissue fibrosis. Recent studies have shed light on the contribution of ILC2s to inflammatory bowel diseases, mainly comprising ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, as defined by chronic immune activation and inflammation. Modern single-cell analysis techniques provide a tissue-specific picture of ILC2s and their roles in regulating homeostasis in each organ. Particularly, single-cell analysis helps our understanding of the uniqueness and commonness of ILC2s across tissues and opens the novel research area of ILC2 heterogeneity. ILC2s are classified into different phenotypes depending on tissue and phase of inflammation, mainly inflammatory and natural ILC2 cells. ILC2s can also switch phenotype to ILC1- or ILC3-like subsets. Hence, recent studies have revealed the heterogeneity and plasticity of ILC2, which indicate dynamicity of inflammation and the immune system. In this review, we describe the regulatory mechanisms, function, and pathological roles of ILC2s in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sunaga
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Tsunoda
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teratani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yohei Mikami, ; Takanori Kanai,
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yohei Mikami, ; Takanori Kanai,
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25
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Inhibition of Spinal Interleukin-33 Attenuates Peripheral Inflammation and Hyperalgesia in Experimental Arthritis. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2246-2257. [PMID: 35066763 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the continuous and intense nociceptive from inflamed tissue may increase the excitability of spinal dorsal horn neurons, which can signal back and modulate peripheral inflammation. Previous studies have demonstrated that spinal interleukin (IL)-33 contributes to the hyperexcitability of spinal dorsal horn neurons. This study was undertaken to investigate whether spinal IL-33 can also influence a peripheral inflammatory response in a rat model of arthritis. Lentivirus-delivered short hairpin RNA targeting IL-33 (LV-shIL-33) was constructed for gene silencing. Rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) were injected intrathecally with LV-shIL-33 3 days before the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection. During an observation period of 21 days, pain-related behavior and inflammation were assessed. In addition, the expression of spinal proinflammatory cytokines and the activation of spinal extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways were evaluated on 9 days after CFA treatment. The existence of tissue injury or inflammation in rats with AIA resulted in the upregulation of spinal IL-33, which is predominantly expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Intrathecal administration of LV-shIL-33 significantly alleviated hyperalgesia, paw swelling, and joint destruction, and attenuated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines [IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], as well as the activation of ERK and NF-κB/p65 in the spinal cord. Our data suggest that spinal IL-33 contributes to the development of both peripheral inflammation and hyperalgesia. Thus, interference with IL-33 at the spinal level might represent a novel therapeutic target for painful inflammatory disorders.
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and nonspecific intestinal inflammatory condition with high relapse rate. Its pathogenesis has been linked to dysbacteriosis, genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, a new type of lymphocytes, termed innate lymphoid cells, has been described and classified into three subtypes of innate lymphoid cells-group 1, group 2 and group 3. An imbalance among these subsets' interaction with gut microbiome, and other immune cells affects intestinal mucosal homeostasis. Understanding the role of innate lymphoid cells may provide ideas for developing novel and targeted approaches for treatment of IBD.
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27
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Ohno M, Imai T, Chatani M, Nishida A, Inatomi O, Kawahara M, Hoshino T, Andoh A. The anti-inflammatory and protective role of interleukin-38 in inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 70:64-71. [PMID: 35068683 PMCID: PMC8764106 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-38 exerts an anti-inflammatory function by binding to several cytokine receptors, including the IL-36 receptor. In this study, we evaluated IL-38 expression in the inflamed mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and investigated its functions. IL-38 mRNA expression in endoscopic biopsy samples was evaluated using quantitative PCR. IL-38 protein expression was analyzed using immunohistochemical technique. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis was induced in C57BL/6 background IL-38KO mice. The IL-38 mRNA and protein expression were enhanced in the active mucosa of ulcerative colitis, but not in Crohn's disease. The ratio of IL-36γ to IL-38 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in the active mucosa of UC patients. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that B cells are the major cellular source of IL-38 in the colonic mucosa. IL-38 dose-dependently suppressed the IL-36γ-induced mRNA expression of CXC chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL8) in HT-29 and T84 cells. IL-38 inhibited the IL-36γ-induced activation of nuclear-factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases in HT-29 cells. DSS-colitis was significantly exacerbated in IL-38KO mice compared to wild type mice. In conclusion, IL-38 may play an anti-inflammatory and protective role in the pathophysiology of IBD, in particular ulcerative colitis, through the suppression of IL-36-induced inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ohno
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takayuki Imai
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Motoharu Chatani
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Osamu Inatomi
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawahara
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hoshino
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Asahimachi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Akira Andoh
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
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28
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The Role of Interleukins in the Pathogenesis of Dermatological Immune-Mediated Diseases. Adv Ther 2022; 39:4474-4508. [PMID: 35997892 PMCID: PMC9395905 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune inflammatory diseases are primarily characterized by deregulated expression of cytokines, which drive pathogenesis of these diseases. A number of approved and experimental therapies utilize monoclonal antibodies against cytokine proteins. Cytokines can be classified into different families including the interleukins, which are secreted and act on leukocytes, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, as well as chemokine proteins. In this review article, we focus on the interleukin family of cytokines, of which 39 members have been identified to this date. We outline the role of each of these interleukins in the immune system, and various dermatological inflammatory diseases with a focused discussion on the pathogenesis of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In addition, we describe the roles of various interleukins in psychiatric, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal comorbidities. Finally, we review clinical efficacy and safety data from emerging late-phase anti-interleukin therapies under development for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Collectively, additional fundamental and clinical research remains necessary to fully elucidate the roles of various interleukin proteins in the pathogenesis of inflammatory dermatologic diseases, and treatment outcomes in patients.
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The IL-33-ILC2 pathway protects from amebic colitis. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:165-175. [PMID: 34400793 PMCID: PMC8732277 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is a pathogenic protozoan parasite that causes intestinal colitis, diarrhea, and in some cases, liver abscess. Through transcriptomics analysis, we observed that E. histolytica infection was associated with increased expression of IL-33 mRNA in both the human and murine colon. IL-33, the IL-1 family cytokine, is released after cell injury to alert the immune system of tissue damage. Treatment with recombinant IL-33 protected mice from amebic infection and intestinal tissue damage; moreover, blocking IL-33 signaling made mice more susceptible to amebiasis. IL-33 limited the recruitment of inflammatory immune cells and decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the cecum. Type 2 immune responses were upregulated by IL-33 treatment during amebic infection. Interestingly, administration of IL-33 protected RAG2-/- mice but not RAG2-/-γc-/- mice, demonstrating that IL-33-mediated protection required the presence of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). IL-33 induced recruitment of ILC2 but not ILC1 and ILC3 in RAG2-/- mice. At baseline and after amebic infection, there was a significantly higher IL13+ILC2s in C57BL/J mice, which are naturally resistant to amebiasis, than CBA/J mice. Adoptive transfer of ILC2s to RAG2-/-γc-/- mice restored IL-33-mediated protection. These data reveal that the IL-33-ILC2 pathway is an important host defense mechanism against amebic colitis.
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30
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Cayrol C. IL-33, an Alarmin of the IL-1 Family Involved in Allergic and Non Allergic Inflammation: Focus on the Mechanisms of Regulation of Its Activity. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010107. [PMID: 35011670 PMCID: PMC8750818 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family that is expressed in the nuclei of endothelial and epithelial cells of barrier tissues, among others. It functions as an alarm signal that is released upon tissue or cellular injury. IL-33 plays a central role in the initiation and amplification of type 2 innate immune responses and allergic inflammation by activating various target cells expressing its ST2 receptor, including mast cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Depending on the tissue environment, IL-33 plays a wide variety of roles in parasitic and viral host defense, tissue repair and homeostasis. IL-33 has evolved a variety of sophisticated regulatory mechanisms to control its activity, including nuclear sequestration and proteolytic processing. It is involved in many diseases, including allergic, inflammatory and infectious diseases, and is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of severe asthma. In this review, I will summarize the literature around this fascinating pleiotropic cytokine. In the first part, I will describe the basics of IL-33, from the discovery of interleukin-33 to its function, including its expression, release and signaling pathway. The second part will be devoted to the regulation of IL-33 protein leading to its activation or inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Cayrol
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
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31
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Type 2 immunity in intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2371-2380. [PMID: 34581755 PMCID: PMC8589436 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 immune responses commonly emerge during allergic reactions or infections with helminth parasites. Most of the cytokines associated with type 2 immune responses are IL-4, IL-5, and IL13, which are mainly produced by T helper 2 cells (TH2), eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Over the course of evolution, humans have developed type 2 immune responses to fight infections and to protect tissues from the potential collateral damage caused by inflammation. For example, worm parasites induce potent type 2 immune responses, which are needed to simultaneously clear the pathogen and to promote tissue repair following injury. Due to the strong type 2 immune responses induced by helminths, which can promote tissue repair in the damaged epithelium, their use has been suggested as a possible treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, the role of type 2 immune responses in the initiation and progression of IBD is not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate type 2 immune responses during intestinal homeostasis, and we briefly discuss the scarce evidence linking type 2 immune responses with the aetiology of IBD.
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32
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Bruland T, Østvik AE, Sandvik AK, Hansen MD. Host-Viral Interactions in the Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910851. [PMID: 34639191 PMCID: PMC8509287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is characterized by relapsing and remitting colonic mucosal inflammation. During the early stages of viral infection, innate immune defenses are activated, leading to the rapid release of cytokines and the subsequent initiation of downstream responses including inflammation. Previously, intestinal viruses were thought to be either detrimental or neutral to the host. However, persisting viruses may have a role as resident commensals and confer protective immunity during inflammation. On the other hand, the dysregulation of gut mucosal immune responses to viruses can trigger excessive, pathogenic inflammation. The purpose of this review is to discuss virus-induced innate immune responses that are at play in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torunn Bruland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (T.B.); (A.E.Ø.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann Elisabet Østvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (T.B.); (A.E.Ø.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Kristian Sandvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (T.B.); (A.E.Ø.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marianne Doré Hansen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; (T.B.); (A.E.Ø.); (A.K.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav’s University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence:
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33
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Lin SN, Mao R, Qian C, Bettenworth D, Wang J, Li J, Bruining D, Jairath V, Feagan B, Chen M, Rieder F. Development of Anti-fibrotic Therapy in Stricturing Crohn's Disease: Lessons from Randomized Trials in Other Fibrotic Diseases. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:605-652. [PMID: 34569264 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is considered an inevitable complication of Crohn's disease (CD) that results in symptoms of obstruction and stricture formation. Endoscopic or surgical treatment is required to treat the majority of patients. Progress in the management of stricturing CD is hampered by the lack of effective anti-fibrotic therapy; however, this situation is likely to change because of recent advances in other fibrotic diseases of the lung, liver and skin. In this review, we summarized data from randomized controlled trials (RCT) of anti-fibrotic therapies in these conditions. Multiple compounds have been tested for the anti-fibrotic effects in other organs. According to their mechanisms, they were categorized into growth factor modulators, inflammation modulators, 5-hydroxy-3-methylgultaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, intracellular enzymes and kinases, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) modulators and others. From our review of the results from the clinical trials and discussion of their implications in the gastrointestinal tract, we have identified several molecular candidates that could serve as potential therapies for intestinal fibrosis in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Nan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Chenchen Qian
- Department of Internal Medicine, UPMC Pinnacle, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dominik Bettenworth
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - David Bruining
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Alimentiv Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Feagan
- Alimentiv Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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Gareb B, Beugeling M, Posthumus S, Otten AT, Dijkstra G, Kosterink JG, Frijlink HW. Infliximab formulation strategy for a stable ileo-colonic targeted oral dosage form intended for the topical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Yang N, Zhang Q, Ye S, Lu T, Sun M, Wang L, Wang M, Pan YH, Dang S, Zhang W. Adamts18 Deficiency Causes Spontaneous SMG Fibrogenesis in Adult Mice. J Dent Res 2021; 101:226-234. [PMID: 34323105 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211029270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis of the submandibular gland (also known as Küttner tumor) is characterized by concomitant swelling of the submandibular glands secondary to strong lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis. The pathogenesis of this disease has been unclear, but it is associated with immune disorders. ADAMTS18 is a member of the ADAMTS superfamily of extracellular proteinases. In this study, we showed that Adamts18 is highly expressed in submandibular salivary gland (SMG) during embryonic development and decreases but is retained in adult SMG tissue in mice. Adamts18 deficiency led to reduced cleft formation and epithelial branching in embryonic SMG before embryonic day 15.5 in mice. No significant histologic changes in the later stages of branching or the morphology of SMG were detected in Adamts18-/- mice. However, Adamts18 deficiency causes spontaneous SMG fibrogenesis and fibrosis in adult mice. At 8 wk of age, Adamts18-/- mice began to manifest the first signs of pathologic changes of mild fibrosis and CD11b+ cell infiltration in SMG tissues. At ≥8 mo, all male and female Adamts18-/- mice developed unilateral or bilateral SMG scleroma that is similar to patients with chronic sclerosing sialadenitis of the submandibular gland. Adamts18-/- mice also showed secretory dysfunction and severe dental caries. Histologically, SMG scleroma is characterized by progressive periductal fibrosis, acinar atrophy, irregular duct ectasis, and dense infiltration of IgG-positive plasma cells. A significant infiltration of CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD11b+ monocytes and macrophages was also detected in the SMG scleroma of Adamts18-/- mice. The levels of TGF-β1, IL-6, and IL-33 were significantly increased in Adamts18-/- SMGs, which induces chronic inflammation and myofibroblast activation, ultimately leading to fibrosis. This study indicates that Adamts18 regulates the early branching morphogenesis of embryonic SMG and plays a role in protecting from spontaneous SMG fibrogenesis via modulating local inflammation, autoimmune reaction, and myofibroblast activation in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Ye
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - T Lu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Sun
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y H Pan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Dang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - W Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Saez A, Gomez-Bris R, Herrero-Fernandez B, Mingorance C, Rius C, Gonzalez-Granado JM. Innate Lymphoid Cells in Intestinal Homeostasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147618. [PMID: 34299236 PMCID: PMC8307624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a heterogeneous state of chronic intestinal inflammation of unknown cause encompassing Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD has been linked to genetic and environmental factors, microbiota dysbiosis, exacerbated innate and adaptive immunity and epithelial intestinal barrier dysfunction. IBD is classically associated with gut accumulation of proinflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells accompanied by insufficient Treg numbers and Tr1 immune suppression. Inflammatory T cells guide innate cells to perpetuate a constant hypersensitivity to microbial antigens, tissue injury and chronic intestinal inflammation. Recent studies of intestinal mucosal homeostasis and IBD suggest involvement of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). These lymphoid-origin cells are innate counterparts of T cells but lack the antigen receptors expressed on B and T cells. ILCs play important roles in the first line of antimicrobial defense and contribute to organ development, tissue protection and regeneration, and mucosal homeostasis by maintaining the balance between antipathogen immunity and commensal tolerance. Intestinal homeostasis requires strict regulation of the quantity and activity of local ILC subpopulations. Recent studies demonstrated that changes to ILCs during IBD contribute to disease development. A better understanding of ILC behavior in gastrointestinal homeostasis and inflammation will provide valuable insights into new approaches to IBD treatment. This review summarizes recent research into ILCs in intestinal homeostasis and the latest advances in the understanding of the role of ILCs in IBD, with particular emphasis on the interaction between microbiota and ILC populations and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Saez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (R.G.-B.); (B.H.-F.); (C.M.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Gomez-Bris
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (R.G.-B.); (B.H.-F.); (C.M.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Herrero-Fernandez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (R.G.-B.); (B.H.-F.); (C.M.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Mingorance
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (R.G.-B.); (B.H.-F.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Rius
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid (UEM), Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Gonzalez-Granado
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (R.G.-B.); (B.H.-F.); (C.M.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913908766
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Ngo Thi Phuong N, Palmieri V, Adamczyk A, Klopfleisch R, Langhorst J, Hansen W, Westendorf AM, Pastille E. IL-33 Drives Expansion of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Regulatory T Cells and Protects Mice From Severe, Acute Colitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669787. [PMID: 34335571 PMCID: PMC8320374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmarks of inflammatory bowel disease are mucosal damage and ulceration, which are known to be high-risk conditions for the development of colorectal cancer. Recently, interleukin (IL)-33 and its receptor ST2 have emerged as critical modulators in inflammatory disorders. Even though several studies highlight the IL-33/ST2 pathway as a key factor in colitis, a detailed mode of action remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated the role of IL-33 during intestinal inflammation and its potential as a novel therapeutic target in colitis. Interestingly, the expression of IL-33, but not its receptor ST2, was significantly increased in biopsies from the inflamed colon of IBD patients compared to non-inflamed colonic tissue. Accordingly, in a mouse model of Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) induced colitis, the secretion of IL-33 significantly accelerated in the colon. Induction of DSS colitis in ST2-/- mice displayed an aggravated colon pathology, which suggested a favorable role of the IL 33/ST2 pathway during colitis. Indeed, injecting rmIL-33 into mice suffering from acute DSS colitis, strongly abrogated epithelial damage, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and loss of barrier integrity, while it induced a strong increase of Th2 associated cytokines (IL-13/IL-5) in the colon. This effect was accompanied by the accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the colon. Depletion of Foxp3+ Tregs during IL-33 treatment in DSS colitis ameliorated the positive effect on the intestinal pathology. Finally, IL-33 expanded ILC2s, which were adoptively transferred to DSS treated mice, significantly reduced colonic inflammation compared to DSS control mice. In summary, our results emphasize that the IL-33/ST2 pathway plays a crucial protective role in colitis by modulating ILC2 and Treg numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhi Ngo Thi Phuong
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Vittoria Palmieri
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Adamczyk
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jost Langhorst
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Klinikum Bamberg, Chair for Integrative Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid M. Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eva Pastille
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Zhou J, Zhuang T, Ma P, Shan L, Sun XD, Gong S, Tao J, Yu XM, Jiang X. MicroRNA-547-5p-mediated interleukin-33/suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 signaling underlies the genesis and maintenance of neuropathic pain and is targeted by the therapy with bone marrow stromal cells. Mol Pain 2021; 16:1744806920931737. [PMID: 32513089 PMCID: PMC7309409 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920931737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33)/suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) signaling is known to promote inflammation and the genesis and maintenance of neuropathic pain. However, it remained mostly unknown how IL-33/ST2 signaling can be enhanced by neuropathic stimulations. Here, we report that the chronic constriction nerve injury (CCI)-induced increases in the expression of IL-33 and ST2 and a decrease in microRNA (miRNA)-547-5p not only in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) but also in spinal dorsal horn (SDH) ipsilateral to the CCI. We found that increasing endogenous miRNA-547-5p by the intrathecal (i.t.) infusion of agomir-miR-547-5p did not produce any effect in naive rats but blocked the CCI-induced increases in the IL-33 and ST2, and pain sensitivity. The reducing endogenous miRNA-547-5p by the i.t. delivering antagomir-miR-547-5p into naive rats caused significant changes in IL-33 and ST2 expressions in both the DRG and SDH, and pain sensitivity, which were similar to those induced by the CCI. Since increasing IL-33 by the i.t. infusion of recombinant IL-33 produced no change in the expression of miR-547-5p, and the CCI still reduced miR-547-5p expression in rats with the IL-33 knockdown, we conclude that the reduction of miR-547-5p can be an upstream event leading to the enhancement of IL-33/ST2 signaling induced by the CCI. The intravenous application of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) reduced the depression of miR-547-5p in both the DRG and SDH, and pain hypersensitivity produced by the CCI or antagomir-miR547-5p application. However, the BMSC effect was significantly occluded by the pretreatment with miR-547-5p agomir or the IL-33 knockdown, demonstrating a novel mechanism underlying the BMSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lidong Shan
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xian-Min Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinghong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pain Basic Research and Clinical Therapy, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Interleukin-33 modulates lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory response in rat primary astrocytes. Neuroreport 2021; 32:694-701. [PMID: 33913926 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes have a crucial role in the modulation of the neuroinflammatory response. However, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully defined. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is constitutively expressed in astrocytes, which has been found to orchestrate inflammatory responses in a large variety of immune-mediated and inflammatory diseases of the nervous system. Thus, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the potential effect of IL-33 in the regulation of inflammatory response in primary cultured astrocytes. We investigated the role of IL-33 in the regulation of inflammatory responses in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated astrocytes. This study utilized lentiviral short hairpin RNA vectors to target IL-33 (LV-shIL-33) for gene silencing. After lipopolysaccharide stimulation, the expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways, were evaluated to elucidate the mechanisms related to the contributions of IL-33 to the inflammatory response in astrocytes. We found that the expression IL-33 has increased in rat primary cultured astrocytes after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Administration of LV-shIL-33 knocked down the expression of IL-33 and markedly reduced the overexpression of spinal IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and attenuated the activation of ERK and NF-κB/p65. This study shows that IL-33 participates in regulating inflammatory responses in primary cultured astrocytes, which might provide additional targets for controlling inflammatory responses following neurological diseases. See Video abstract, http://links.lww.com/WNR/A627.
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40
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Wang J, Lin S, Brown JM, van Wagoner D, Fiocchi C, Rieder F. Novel mechanisms and clinical trial endpoints in intestinal fibrosis. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:211-227. [PMID: 33993489 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) worldwide has resulted in a global public health challenge. Intestinal fibrosis leading to stricture formation and bowel obstruction is a frequent complication in Crohn's disease (CD), and the lack of anti-fibrotic therapies makes elucidation of fibrosis mechanisms a priority. Progress has shown that mesenchymal cells, cytokines, microbial products, and mesenteric adipocytes are jointly implicated in the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis. This recent information puts prevention or reversal of intestinal strictures within reach through innovative therapies validated by reliable clinical trial endpoints. Here, we review the role of immune and non-immune components of the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis, including new cell clusters, cytokine networks, host-microbiome interactions, creeping fat, and their translation for endpoint development in anti-fibrotic clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sinan Lin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jonathan Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David van Wagoner
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Waddell A, Vallance JE, Fox S, Rosen MJ. IL-33 is produced by colon fibroblasts and differentially regulated in acute and chronic murine colitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9575. [PMID: 33953267 PMCID: PMC8100152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-33 is upregulated in ulcerative colitis and has a protective role in chemically-induced acute murine colitis. We aimed to determine whether IL-33 influences Il10-/- chronic colitis and its cellular source in health and during colitis. Il10-/-Il33-/- and Il10-/-Il33+/+ littermates developed colitis of similar severity. Colon Il33 was induced in WT and Il10-/- mice exposed to DSS, but not in unchallenged Il10-/- mice with colitis. Il33-citrine reporter mice showed that Il33-citrine colocalized with α-smooth muscle actin+ myofibroblasts and vimentin+ fibroblasts in WT mice. Citrine+CD74+CD90hi inflammatory fibroblasts were increased with DSS treatment. IL-1β induced Il33 expression in colon myofibroblasts, but colon Il33 expression did not differ between DSS-treated WT and Il1r1-/- mice. In conclusion, deficiency of IL-33 does not alter the severity of chronic colitis in Il10-/- mice. Induction of Il33 upon DSS exposure in WT and Il10-/- mice, but not in unchallenged Il10-/- mice, suggests epithelial injury induces colon IL-33. Fibroblasts are the primary colonic source of IL-33 and IL-33-expressing CD90hiCD74+ fibroblasts are increased during DSS-induced colitis. IL-1β induces Il33 in colon myofibroblasts in vitro, but signaling through the IL-1R1 is not necessary for induction of IL-33 in DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Waddell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 2010, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jefferson E Vallance
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 2010, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Sejal Fox
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 2010, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Michael J Rosen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 2010, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Park JY, Choi JH, Lee SN, Cho HJ, Ahn JS, Kim YB, Park DY, Park SC, Kim SI, Kang MJ, Jang AR, Ahn JH, Lee TS, Kim DY, Shin SJ, Yoon JH, Park JH. Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 contributes to the development of allergic rhinitis by promoting the production of epithelial-derived cytokines. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1720-1731. [PMID: 33476674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginine methylation is a posttranslational modification mediated by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). Although previous studies have shown that PRMT1 contributes to the severity of allergic airway inflammation or asthma, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the role of PRMT1 and its relevant mechanism in the development of allergic rhinitis (AR). METHODS The expression levels of PRMTs and cytokines were determined by RT-PCR, and the localization of PRMT1 was determined by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. The levels of house dust mite (HDM)-specific immunoglobulins in serum and of cytokines in nasal lavage fluids were determined by ELISA. PRMT1 inhibition was achieved by siRNA and treatment with the pan PRMT inhibitor arginine N-methyltransferase inhibitor-1. RESULTS PRMT1 expression was significantly increased in the nasal mucosa of patients and mice with AR. The degree of eosinophilic infiltration in the nasal mucosa was reduced in PRMT1+/- AR mice compared with wild-type mice. PRMT1 haploinsufficiency reduced the levels of HDM-specific immunoglobulins in serum and those of TH2 (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and epithelial (thymic stromal lymphopoietin [TSLP], IL-25, and IL-33) cytokines in the nasal lavage fluids of AR mice. In nasal epithelial cells, HDM and IL-4 cooperate to enhance PRMT1 expression through a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway. In addition, PRMT1 was essential for the production of TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33 in response to HDM and IL-4. Arginine N-methyltransferase inhibitor-1 treatment alleviated AR in the mouse model. CONCLUSIONS PRMT1 plays an important role in AR development by regulating epithelial-derived cytokine production and might be a new therapeutic target for AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Choi
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sang-Nam Lee
- Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ju Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Suk Ahn
- Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Kim
- Center for Nonclinical Studies, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Do-Yong Park
- Center for Nonclinical Studies, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-In Kim
- Research Center for Human Natural Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ah-Ra Jang
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Ahn
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Lee
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Yeon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Heon Yoon
- Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
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Privitera G, Pugliese D, Lopetuso LR, Scaldaferri F, Neri M, Guidi L, Gasbarrini A, Armuzzi A. Novel trends with biologics in inflammatory bowel disease: sequential and combined approaches. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2021; 14:17562848211006669. [PMID: 33995579 PMCID: PMC8082976 DOI: 10.1177/17562848211006669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management has changed dramatically over the past 20 years, after the introduction of targeted biological therapies. However, the impact of these new drugs in changing the natural history of disease is still under debate. Recent evidence seems to suggest that the extent of their efficacy might be, at least partially, dependent on the timing of their introduction and on the subsequent management strategy. In this complex landscape, the potential role for a more dynamic approach with treatments based on sequencing and combining targeted therapies has been explored only minimally so far. In this review, we aim to explore the potential biological rationale behind the use of sequential and combination therapies in IBD, to summarise the current knowledge on this topic and to propose a management algorithm that combines these notions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Privitera
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pugliese
- CEMAD – IBD UNIT – Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
- CEMAD – IBD UNIT – Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- CEMAD – IBD UNIT – Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Neri
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luisa Guidi
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,CEMAD – IBD UNIT – Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,CEMAD – IBD UNIT – Unità Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Liu JL, Wang CY, Cheng TY, Rixiati Y, Ji C, Deng M, Yao S, Yuan LH, Zhao YY, Shen T, Li JM. Circadian Clock Disruption Suppresses PDL1 + Intraepithelial B Cells in Experimental Colitis and Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:251-276. [PMID: 33652118 PMCID: PMC8141473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The circadian clock is crucial for physiological homeostasis including gut homeostasis. Disorder of the circadian clock may contribute to many diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the role and the mechanisms of circadian clock involvement in IBD still are unclear. METHODS Disorder of the circadian clock including chronic social jet lag and circadian clock gene deficiency mice (Bmal1-/-, and Per1-/-Per2-/-) were established. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and/or azoxymethane were used to induce mouse models of colitis and its associated colorectal cancer. Flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze the characteristics of immune cells and their related molecules. RESULTS Mice with disorders of the circadian clock including chronic social jet lag and circadian clock gene deficiency were susceptible to colitis. Functionally, regulatory B (Breg) cells highly expressing Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) helped to alleviate the severity of colitis after DSS treatment and was dysregulated in DSS-treated Bmal1-/- mice. Notably, interleukin 33 in the intestinal microenvironment was key for Bmal1-regulated PDL1+ Breg cells and interleukin 33 was a target of Bmal1 transcriptionally. Dysregulated PDL1+ B cells induced cell death of activated CD4+ T cells in DSS-treated Bmal1-/- mice. Consequently, circadian clock disorder was characterized as decreased numbers of Breg+ PDL1+ cells in IELs and dysfunction of CD4+ T cells promoted colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) in mice. In clinical samples from CRC patients, low expression of Bmal1 gene in paracancerous tissues and center area of tumor was associated closely with a poorer prognosis of CRC patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovers the importance of the circadian clock regulating PDL1+ Breg+ cells of IELs in IBD and IBD-associated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Chu-Yi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Tian-Yu Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Cheng Ji
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Su Yao
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Hua Yuan
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Pathology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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45
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Leon G, Hussey S, Walsh PT. The Diverse Roles of the IL-36 Family in Gastrointestinal Inflammation and Resolution. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:440-450. [PMID: 32860042 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-36 family is a member of the IL-1 superfamily of cytokines and, in common with other IL-1 family members, has been shown to exhibit pleiotropic effects in homeostasis and inflammation. Although the important role these cytokines play in the skin has been widely reported, recent evidence suggests that IL-36 family members are expressed and can also exert significant influence at the intestinal mucosa. In this review, we summarize current knowledge surrounding the role of the IL-36 in the intestines. In particular, we examine its likely dichotomous role as a mediator of both inflammation and resolution, highlighting its overlapping roles in innate and adaptive inflammation at the mucosa and its contribution to pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease. We also summarize the complexities of targeting this cytokine family in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Leon
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seamus Hussey
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick T Walsh
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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Radaei Z, Zamani A, Najafi R, Saidijam M, Jalilian FA, Ezati R, Solgi G, Amini R. Promising Effects of Zerumbone on the Regulation of Tumor-promoting Cytokines Induced by TNF-α-activated Fibroblasts. Curr Med Sci 2021; 40:1075-1084. [PMID: 33428135 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the development of several cancers. Inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), are associated with the induction of inflammation. Chronic inflammation contributes to the progression of cancer through several mechanisms, including increased cytokine production and activation of transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Zerumbone (ZER), a component of subtropical ginger (Zingiber zerumbet Smith), seems to have anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant activities. In this study, we aimed to explore the protective function and mechanisms of ZER against TNF-α-induced cancer-promoting cytokines. We found that the viability of stimulated human fibroblast cell lines was reduced after treatment with ZER (IC50=18 µmol/L), compared to un-stimulated fibroblasts (IC50=40 µmol/L). Besides, ZER inhibited mRNA expression and protein secretion of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin-33 (IL-33), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), which were produced by TNF-α-induced fibroblasts, as measured by quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) and ELISA assays. The mRNA expression levels of TGF-β, IL-33, SDF-1, and MCP-1 showed 8, 5, 2.5, and 4-fold reductions, respectively. Moreover, secretion of TGF-β, IL-33, SDF-1, and MCP-1 was reduced to 3.65±0.34 ng/mL, 6.3±0.26, 1703.6±295.2, and 5.02±0.18 pg/mL, respectively, compared to the untreated group. In addition, the conditioned media (CM) of TNF-α-stimulated fibroblasts increased the NF-κB expression in colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT-116 and Sw48), while in the vicinity of ZER, the expression of NF-κB was reversed. Considering the significant effects of ZER, this component can be used as an appropriate alternative herbal treatment for cancer-related chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Radaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 65178, Iran
| | - Alireza Zamani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 65178, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 65178, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 65178, Iran
| | - Farid Azizi Jalilian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 65178, Iran
| | - Razieh Ezati
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, 14965, Iran
| | - Ghasem Solgi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 65178, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 65178, Iran.
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Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are distinctive sites exposed to environmental, dietary, and microbial antigens. Particularly in the gut, the host continuously actively adapts via complex interactions between the microbiota and dietary compounds and immune and other tissue cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical for tuning the intestinal immune response to self- and non-self-antigens in the intestine. Its importance in intestinal homeostasis is illustrated by the onset of overt inflammation caused by deficiency in Treg generation, function, or stability in the gut. A substantial imbalance in Tregs has been observed in intestinal tissue during pathogenic conditions, when a tightly regulated and equilibrated system becomes dysregulated and leads to unimpeded and chronic immune responses. In this chapter, we compile and critically discuss the current knowledge on the key factors that promote Treg-mediated tolerance in the gut, such as those involved in intestinal Treg differentiation, specificity and suppressive function, and their immunophenotype during health and disease. We also discuss the current state of knowledge on Treg dysregulation in human intestine during pathological states such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and colorectal cancer (CRC), and how that knowledge is guiding development of Treg-targeted therapies to treat or prevent intestinal disorders.
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48
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Risk of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel diseases. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 64:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Eissmann MF, Buchert M, Ernst M. IL33 and Mast Cells-The Key Regulators of Immune Responses in Gastrointestinal Cancers? Front Immunol 2020; 11:1389. [PMID: 32719677 PMCID: PMC7350537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Interleukin (IL-)1 family IL33 is best known for eliciting type 2 immune responses by stimulating mast cells (MCs), regulatory T-cells (Tregs), innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and other immune cells. MCs and IL33 provide critical control of immunological and epithelial homeostasis in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Meanwhile, the role of MCs in solid malignancies appears tissue-specific with both pro and anti-tumorigenic activities. Likewise, IL33 signaling significantly shapes immune responses in the tumor microenvironment, but these effects remain often dichotomous when assessed in experimental models of cancer. Thus, the balance between tumor suppressing and tumor promoting activities of IL33 are highly context dependent, and most likely dictated by the mixture of cell types responding to IL33. Adding to this complexity is the promiscuous nature by which MCs respond to cytokines other than IL33 and release chemotactic factors that recruit immune cells into the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we integrate the outcomes of recent studies on the role of MCs and IL33 in cancer with our own observations in the GI tract. We propose a working model where the most abundant IL33 responsive immune cell type is likely to dictate an overall tumor-supporting or tumor suppressing outcome in vivo. We discuss how these opposing responses affect the therapeutic potential of targeting MC and IL33, and highlight the caveats and challenges facing our ability to effectively harness MCs and IL33 biology for anti-cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz F Eissmann
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Buchert
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
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50
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Wang Y, Luo H, Wei M, Becker M, Hyde RK, Gong Q. IL-33/IL1RL1 axis regulates cell survival through the p38 MAPK pathway in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2020; 96:106409. [PMID: 32652328 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2020.106409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is often characterized by the presence of specific and recurrent chromosomal abnormalities. Current treatments have greatly increased remission rate, but relapse still occurs. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are required. Previously, using a conditional Cbfb-MYH11 knockin mouse model, we showed that Cbfb-MYH11 induces the expression of a cytokine receptor, IL1RL1. Treatment with IL-33, the only known ligand of IL1RL1, promotes leukemia cell survival in vitro. We further found that IL1RL1+ cells survive better with chemotherapy than IL1RL1- population. However, the mechanism is not clear. Here, we show that IL-33 treatment decreased drug sensitivity in the human inv(16) AML cell line ME-1. By RT-PCR, we found that IL-33 increased the expression of IL-4 and IL-6 and led to the activation of both p38 MAPK and NF-κB. We also showed that IL-33 decreased apoptosis with increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Moreover, pre-treatment with MAPK inhibitor attenuated the phosphorylation of p38 enhanced by IL-33 and reversed the anti-apoptotic effect by IL-33. Taken together, our findings give news insights into the potential mechanism of the anti-apoptotic effect by IL-33/IL1RL1 axis in AML which will help in future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huanmin Luo
- Third Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mengyi Wei
- Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Michelle Becker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R Katherine Hyde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Qing Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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