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Wang H, Liu Z, Zhan K, Ma Q, Xu L, Li Y, Liu Y. Vitamin K2 alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via inflammatory responses, gut barrier integrity, and the gut microbiota in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:136091. [PMID: 39353519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin K2 (VK2) has been shown to have potential benefits in improving intestinal integrity, but its potential and mechanisms for alleviating intestinal inflammation are still unclear. The present results showed that VK2 supplementation significantly alleviated the symptoms of colitis and maintained the intestinal barrier integrity. In addition, VK2 significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, while up-regulated the mRNA expression level of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10. Moreover, VK2 significantly alleviated DSS-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by maintaining the tight junction function. Furthermore, VK2 also regulated DSS-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by reshaping the structure of gut microbiota, such as increasing the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Euryarchaeota, Prevotellaceae, and Prevotella and reducing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Rikenellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Acetatifactor, and Alistioes. In conclusion, these results indicated that VK2 effectively alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice by modulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huakai Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Kai Zhan
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Qiugang Ma
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lei Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yinghao Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Guangde City animal husbandry and veterinary aquatic services center, Xuancheng 242299, China
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2
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Sakai T, Oishi T, Takashina Y, Hirao M. Serum 25(OH)D and vitamin K 1 levels in patients with severe motor and intellectual disability: A Japanese single-center experience. Brain Dev 2024; 46:268-273. [PMID: 38876823 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether patients with severe motor and intellectual disability (SMID) have nutritional vitamin D and K insufficiencies and clarify the required vitamin supplementation. METHODS This prospective observational study enrolled Japanese adults with SMID receiving institutionalized care who underwent blood sampling between February 2020 and February 2022 during annual medical checkups. Serum vitamin K1 and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were measured to determine their relationship with serum uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) levels. Vitamin D and K intake was compared among tube-fed and oral-intake patients with SMID and control participants using corresponding serum levels. RESULTS The study included 124 patients with SMID (56 men and 68 women; mean age: 53.0 years) and 20 control participants. Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly higher in the SMID group than in the control group and the oral intake SMID group than in the tube-fed SMID group. In the tube-fed SMID group, vitamin D intake was lower than the daily recommended intake and correlated with serum 25(OH)D levels. Daily vitamin K intake in the tube-fed group was lower than recommended but not correlated with serum vitamin K levels. Serum ucOC levels were significantly higher in the SMID group than in the control group. Tube feeding was significantly and positively correlated with serum 25(OH)D levels. Serum 25(OH)D levels were not correlated with serum vitamin K1 levels. CONCLUSIONS The SMID group had higher ucOC levels than the control group, possibly owing to daily vitamin K and D deficiencies. Vitamin D supplementation is recommended to decrease ucOC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Sakai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Oishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Akitsu Ryoiku-en, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takashina
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Hirao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Lutfi LL, Shaaban MI, Elshaer SL. Vitamin D and vitamin K1 as novel inhibitors of biofilm in Gram-negative bacteria. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:173. [PMID: 38762474 PMCID: PMC11102130 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The persistent surge in antimicrobial resistance represents a global disaster. The initial attachment and maturation of microbial biofilms are intimately related to antimicrobial resistance, which in turn exacerbates the challenge of eradicating bacterial infections. Consequently, there is a pressing need for novel therapies to be employed either independently or as adjuvants to diminish bacterial virulence and pathogenicity. In this context, we propose a novel approach focusing on vitamin D and vitamin K1 as potential antibiofilm agents that target Gram-negative bacteria which are hazardous to human health. RESULTS Out of 130 Gram-negative bacterial isolates, 117 were confirmed to be A. baumannii (21 isolates, 17.9%), K. pneumoniae (40 isolates, 34.2%) and P. aeruginosa (56 isolates, 47.9%). The majority of the isolates were obtained from blood and wound specimens (27.4% each). Most of the isolates exhibited high resistance rates to β-lactams (60.7-100%), ciprofloxacin (62.5-100%), amikacin (53.6-76.2%) and gentamicin (65-71.4%). Approximately 93.2% of the isolates were biofilm producers, with 6.8% categorized as weak, 42.7% as moderate, and 50.4% as strong biofilm producers. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of vitamin D and vitamin K1 were 625-1250 µg mL-1 and 2500-5000 µg mL-1, respectively, against A. baumannii (A5, A20 and A21), K. pneumoniae (K25, K27 and K28), and P. aeruginosa (P8, P16, P24 and P27) clinical isolates and standard strains A. baumannii (ATCC 19606 and ATCC 17978), K. pneumoniae (ATCC 51503) and P. aeruginosa PAO1 and PAO14. Both vitamins significantly decreased bacterial attachment and significantly eradicated mature biofilms developed by the selected standard and clinical Gram-negative isolates. The anti-biofilm effects of both supplements were confirmed by a notable decrease in the relative expression of the biofilm-encoding genes cusD, bssS and pelA in A. baumannii A5, K. pneumoniae K28 and P. aeruginosa P16, respectively. CONCLUSION This study highlights the anti-biofilm activity of vitamins D and K1 against the tested Gram-negative strains, which emphasizes the potential of these vitamins for use as adjuvant therapies to increase the efficacy of treatment for infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains and biofilm-forming phenotypes. However, further validation through in vivo studies is needed to confirm these promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekaa L Lutfi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mona I Shaaban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Soha Lotfy Elshaer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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4
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Tian QB, Chen SJ, Xiao LJ, Xie JQ, Zhao HB, Zhang X. Potential effects of nutrition-induced alteration of gut microbiota on inflammatory bowel disease: A review. J Dig Dis 2024; 25:78-90. [PMID: 38450936 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mainly comprising ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is a group of gradually progressive diseases bringing significant mental anguish and imposes serious economic burdens. Interplay of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Nutrients, as crucial environmental determinants, mainly encompassing carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and micronutrients, are closely related to the pathogenesis and development of IBD. Nutrition is essential for maintaining the dynamic balance of intestinal eco-environments to ensure intestinal barrier and immune homeostasis, while this balance can be disrupted easily by maladjusted nutrition. Research has firmly established that nutrition has the potential to shape the composition and function of gut microbiota to affect the disease course. Unhealthy diet and eating disorders lead to gut microbiota dysbiosis and further destroy the function of intestinal barrier such as the disruption of membrane integrity and increased permeability, thereby triggering intestinal inflammation. Notably, appropriate nutritional interventions, such as the Mediterranean diet, can positively modulate intestinal microecology, which may provide a promising strategy for future IBD prevention. In this review, we provide insights into the interplay between nutrition and gut microbiota and its effects on IBD and present some previously overlooked lines of evidence regarding the role of derived metabolites in IBD processes, such as trimethylamine N-oxide and imidazole propionate. Furthermore, we provide some insights into reducing the risk of onset and exacerbation of IBD by modifying nutrition and discuss several outstanding challenges and opportunities for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Bai Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shui Jiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li Jun Xiao
- Guangdong Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia Qi Xie
- Hunan Food and Drug Vocational College, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hong Bo Zhao
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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5
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Song WX, Yu ZH, Ren XF, Chen JH, Chen X. Role of micronutrients in inflammatory bowel disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2023; 31:711-731. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v31.i17.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune intestinal disease that includes ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and indeterminate colitis. Patients with IBD are often at risk for malnutrition, including micronutrient deficiencies, due to dietary restrictions and poor intestinal absorption. Micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals, play an important role in the human body's metabolism and maintenance of tissue functions. This article reviews the role of micronutrients in IBD. Micronutrients can affect the occurrence and progression of IBD by regulating immunity, intestinal flora, oxidative stress, intestinal barrier function, and other aspects. Monitoring and timely supplementation of micronutrients are important to delay progression and improve clinical symptoms in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zi-Han Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiang-Feng Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ji-Hua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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Fotschki J, Ogrodowczyk AM, Wróblewska B, Juśkiewicz J. Side Streams of Vegetable Processing and Its Bioactive Compounds Support Microbiota, Intestine Milieu, and Immune System. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114340. [PMID: 37298819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The industry of vegetable processing generates large amounts of by-products, which often emerge seasonally and are susceptible to microbial degradation. Inadequate management of this biomass results in the loss of valuable compounds that are found in vegetable by-products that can be recovered. Considering the possibility of using waste, scientists are trying to reuse discarded biomass and residues to create a product of higher value than those processed. The by-products from the vegetable industry can provide an added source of fibre, essential oils, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and bioactive compounds, such as phenolics. Many of these compounds have bioactive properties, such as antioxidative, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activity, which could be used, especially in the prevention or treatment of lifestyle diseases connected with the intestinal milieu, including dysbiosis and immune-mediated diseases resulting in inflammation. This review summarises the key aspects of the health-promoting value of by-products and their bioactive compounds derived from fresh or processed biomass and extracts. In this paper, the relevance of side streams as a source of beneficial compounds with the potential for promoting health is considered, particularly their impact on the microbiota, immune system, and gut milieu because all of these fields interact closely to affect host nutrition, prevent chronic inflammation, and provide resistance to some pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Fotschki
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna M Ogrodowczyk
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Wróblewska
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Department of Biological Functions of Food, Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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7
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Wu Y, Liu C, Dong W. Adjunctive therapeutic effects of micronutrient supplementation in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1143123. [PMID: 37077923 PMCID: PMC10106602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1143123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that micronutrient status may have some impact on the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, micronutrient deficiencies are easily overlooked during the treatment of IBD patients. There have been many studies on micronutrient supplementation, in which several clinical trials have been conducted targeting vitamin D and iron, but the current research is still preliminary for other vitamins and minerals. This review provides an overview of the adjunctive therapeutic effects of micronutrient supplementation in IBD, to summarize the available evidence, draw the attention of clinicians to micronutrient monitoring and supplementation in patients with IBD, and also provide some perspectives for future research directions.
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8
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Vernia F, Burrelli Scotti G, Bertetti NS, Donato G, Necozione S, Vernia P, Pallotta N. Low Vitamin K and Vitamin D Dietary Intake in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071678. [PMID: 37049518 PMCID: PMC10096607 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The inadequate dietary intake of Vitamin D and Vitamin K is an easily reversible factor favoring IBD-associated bone loss, but data on Vitamin K are lacking. A 28-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered to 193 IBD patients (89 Crohn’s disease and 104 ulcerative colitis), and 199 controls. Patients’ demographics, clinical and laboratory findings were analyzed in relation to recommended daily allowances. VitD intake was inadequate both in the IBD and control patients (8.3 ± 4.5 µg/day in IBD, 53.1% RDA, and 9.7 ± 5.9 µg/day, 63.2% RDA, respectively). Conversely, the mean ViK intake was less than adequate in IBD, at 116.7 ± 116.3 µg/day (78.7% RDA), and high in controls, at 203.1 ± 166.9 µg/day (138.8% RDA). Nonetheless, due to marked inter-individual differences, diets were severely lacking VitK in 40% of UC and 49% of CD patients, more so in females and those with active disease. The intake of Vit D was non-significantly lower in colitis than that in Crohn’s disease (7.9 vs. 8.7 µg/day). The opposite was observed for VitK (123.5 vs. 107.0 µg/day). Thus, the diet lacks the micronutrients involved in bone wellbeing in a large proportion of IBD patients. While VitD supplementation is the rule, VitK shortages need proactive nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Vernia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0862-368760
| | - Giorgia Burrelli Scotti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Sara Bertetti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Donato
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Necozione
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Piero Vernia
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Pallotta
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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9
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Gholami H, Chmiel JA, Burton JP, Maleki Vareki S. The Role of Microbiota-Derived Vitamins in Immune Homeostasis and Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1300. [PMID: 36831641 PMCID: PMC9954268 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Not all cancer patients who receive immunotherapy respond positively and emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may be linked to treatment efficacy. Though mechanisms of microbial contributions to the immune response have been postulated, one likely function is the supply of basic co-factors to the host including selected vitamins. Bacteria, fungi, and plants can produce their own vitamins, whereas humans primarily obtain vitamins from exogenous sources, yet despite the significance of microbial-derived vitamins as crucial immune system modulators, the microbiota is an overlooked source of these nutrients in humans. Microbial-derived vitamins are often shared by gut bacteria, stabilizing bioenergetic pathways amongst microbial communities. Compositional changes in gut microbiota can affect metabolic pathways that alter immune function. Similarly, the immune system plays a pivotal role in maintaining the gut microbiota, which parenthetically affects vitamin biosynthesis. Here we elucidate the immune-interactive mechanisms underlying the effects of these microbially derived vitamins and how they can potentially enhance the activity of immunotherapies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasti Gholami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - John A. Chmiel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Research Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Jeremy P. Burton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Research Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Saman Maleki Vareki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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10
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Ameliorating Effects of Vitamin K2 on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032986. [PMID: 36769323 PMCID: PMC9917520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory illness of the gastrointestinal system. The purpose of this study was to explore the alleviating effect of vitamin K2 (VK2) on UC, as well as its mechanism. C57BL/6J mice were given 3% DSS for seven days to establish UC, and they then received VK2 (15, 30, or 60 mg/kg·bw) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (100 mg/kg·bw) for two weeks. We recorded the clinical signs, body weights, colon lengths, and histological changes during the experiment. We detected the inflammatory factor expressions using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, and we detected the tight junction proteins using Western blotting. We analyzed the intestinal microbiota alterations and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) using 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted metabolomics. According to the results, VK2 restored the colon lengths, improved the colonic histopathology, reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6), and boosted the level of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 in the colon tissues of the colitis mice. Moreover, VK2 promoted the expression of mucin and tight junction proteins (such as occludin and zonula occludens-1) in order to preserve the intestinal mucosal barrier function and prevent UC in mice. Additionally, after the VK2 intervention, the SCFAs and SCFA-producing genera, such as Eubacterium_ruminantium_group and Faecalibaculum, were elevated in the colon. In conclusion, VK2 alleviated the DSS-induced colitis in the mice, perhaps by boosting the dominant intestinal microflora, such as Faecalibaculum, by reducing intestinal microflora dysbiosis, and by modulating the expression of SCFAs, inflammatory factors, and intestinal barrier proteins.
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11
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The Effects and Cell Barrier Mechanism of Main Dietary Nutrients on Intestinal Barrier. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Naphthoquinone derivatives as P-glycoprotein inducers in inflammatory bowel disease: 2D monolayers, 3D spheroids, and in vivo models. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Lai Y, Masatoshi H, Ma Y, Guo Y, Zhang B. Role of Vitamin K in Intestinal Health. Front Immunol 2022; 12:791565. [PMID: 35069573 PMCID: PMC8769504 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.791565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colorectal cancer (CRC) generally characterized by clinical symptoms, including malabsorption, intestinal dysfunction, injury, and microbiome imbalance, as well as certain secondary intestinal disease complications, continue to be serious public health problems worldwide. The role of vitamin K (VK) on intestinal health has drawn growing interest in recent years. In addition to its role in blood coagulation and bone health, several investigations continue to explore the role of VK as an emerging novel biological compound with the potential function of improving intestinal health. This study aims to present a thorough review on the bacterial sources, intestinal absorption, uptake of VK, and VK deficiency in patients with intestinal diseases, with emphasis on the effect of VK supplementation on immunity, anti-inflammation, intestinal microbes and its metabolites, antioxidation, and coagulation, and promoting epithelial development. Besides, VK-dependent proteins (VKDPs) are another crucial mechanism for VK to exert a gastroprotection role for their functions of anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, and anti-tumorigenesis. In summary, published studies preliminarily show that VK presents a beneficial effect on intestinal health and may be used as a therapeutic drug to prevent/treat intestinal diseases, but the specific mechanism of VK in intestinal health has yet to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hori Masatoshi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yanbo Ma
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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14
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Hosseinkhani F, Heinken A, Thiele I, Lindenburg PW, Harms AC, Hankemeier T. The contribution of gut bacterial metabolites in the human immune signaling pathway of non-communicable diseases. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-22. [PMID: 33590776 PMCID: PMC7899087 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1882927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction disorder between gut microbiota and its host has been documented in different non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative disease, and autoimmune disease. The majority of these altered interactions arise through metabolic cross-talk between gut microbiota and host immune system, inducing a low-grade chronic inflammation that characterizes all NCDs. In this review, we discuss the contribution of bacterial metabolites to immune signaling pathways involved in NCDs. We then review recent advances that aid to rationally design microbial therapeutics. A deeper understanding of these intersections between host and gut microbiota metabolism using metabolomics-based system biology platform promises to reveal the fundamental mechanisms that drive metabolic predispositions to disease and suggest new avenues to use microbial therapeutic opportunities for NCDs treatment and prevention. Abbreviations: NCDs: non-communicable disease, IBD: inflammatory bowel disease, IL: interleukin, T2D: type 2 diabetes, SCFAs: short-chain fatty acids, HDAC: histone deacetylases, GPCR: G-protein coupled receptors, 5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor signaling, DCs: dendritic cells, IECs: intestinal epithelial cells, T-reg: T regulatory cell, NF-κB: nuclear factor κB, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha, Th: T helper cell, CNS: central nervous system, ECs: enterochromaffin cells, NSAIDs: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, AhR: aryl hydrocarbon receptor, IDO: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, QUIN: quinolinic acid, PC: phosphatidylcholine, TMA: trimethylamine, TMAO: trimethylamine N-oxide, CVD: cardiovascular disease, NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, BAs: bile acids, FXR: farnesoid X receptor, CDCA: chenodeoxycholic acid, DCA: deoxycholic acid, LCA: lithocholic acid, UDCA: ursodeoxycholic acid, CB: cannabinoid receptor, COBRA: constraint-based reconstruction and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Hosseinkhani
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - A. Heinken
- Division of System Biomedicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - I. Thiele
- Division of System Biomedicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - P. W. Lindenburg
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Research Group Metabolomics, Faculty Science & Technology, Leiden Centre for Applied Bioscience, University of Applied Sciences, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - A. C. Harms
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - T. Hankemeier
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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15
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Brnic D, Martinovic D, Zivkovic PM, Tokic D, Vilovic M, Rusic D, Tadin Hadjina I, Libers C, Glumac S, Supe-Domic D, Tonkic A, Bozic J. Inactive matrix Gla protein is elevated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:4866-4877. [PMID: 32921963 PMCID: PMC7459205 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i32.4866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a vitamin K dependent peptide which has an established role in suppression of vascular calcification. Recent studies have pointed to a possible link between immunomodulatory effect of MGP and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). AIM To compare plasma levels of dephosphorylated and uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP) between IBD patients and controls. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 patients with IBD (30 patients with ulcerative colitis and 40 patients with Crohn's disease) and 60 age and gender matching healthy controls. Plasma dp-ucMGP levels were analyzed from blood samples by CLIA method using IDS-iSYS InaKtif MGP (Immunodiagnostic Systems, Frankfurt, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions. fecal calprotectin (FC) levels were determined from stool samples by turbidimetric immunoassay method using Bühlmann fecal calprotectin turbo assay (Bühlmann Laboratories Aktiengesellschaft, Schonenbuch, Switzerland). Other parameters were analyzed according to the standard laboratory procedures. RESULTS Plasma levels of dp-ucMGP were significantly higher in patients with IBD compared to the healthy control group (629.83 ± 124.20 pmol/mL vs 546.7 ± 122.09 pmol/mL, P < 0.001), and there was no significant difference between patients with Crohn's disease and patients with ulcerative colitis (640.02 ± 131.88 pmol/mL vs 616.23 ± 113.92 pmol/mL, P = 0.432). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation of plasma dp-ucMGP levels was found with both FC levels (r = 0.396, P < 0.001) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels (r = 0.477, P < 0.001). Moreover, in the total study population a significant positive correlation was found between dp-ucMGP with age (r = 0.210, P = 0.016) and waist circumference (r = 0.264, P = 0.002). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that dp-ucMGP levels retained significant association with FC (β ± SE, 0.06 ± 0.02, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Study results support experimental data of MGP immunomodulatory IBD effect and indicate potential involvement in the pathophysiology of the disease, and possibly extraintestinal manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Brnic
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Dinko Martinovic
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Institute of Emergency Medicine of Split-Dalmatia County, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Piero Marin Zivkovic
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Daria Tokic
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Institute of Emergency Medicine of Split-Dalmatia County, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Marino Vilovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Doris Rusic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Ivana Tadin Hadjina
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Christian Libers
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Sandro Glumac
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Daniela Supe-Domic
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Ante Tonkic
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
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16
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Intestinal Macrophages at the Crossroad between Diet, Inflammation, and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144825. [PMID: 32650452 PMCID: PMC7404402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal macrophages are key players in the regulation of the oral tolerance, controlling gut homeostasis by discriminating innocuous antigens from harmful pathogens. Diet exerts a significant impact on human health, influencing the composition of gut microbiota and the developing of several non-communicable diseases, including cancer. Nutrients and microbiota are able to modify the profile of intestinal macrophages, shaping their key function in the maintenance of the gut homeostasis. Intestinal disease often occurs as a breakdown of this balance: defects in monocyte-macrophage differentiation, wrong dietary habits, alteration of microbiota composition, and impairment in the resolution of inflammation may contribute to the development of intestinal chronic inflammation and colorectal cancer. Accordingly, dietary interventions and macrophage-targeted therapies are emerging as innovative tools for the treatment of several intestinal pathologies. In this review, we will describe the delicate balance between diet, microbiota and intestinal macrophages in homeostasis and how the perturbation of this equilibrium may lead to the occurrence of inflammatory conditions in the gut. The understanding of the molecular pathways and dietary factors regulating the activity of intestinal macrophages might result in the identification of innovative targets for the treatments of intestinal pathologies.
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17
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Rondanelli M, Lamburghini S, Faliva MA, Peroni G, Riva A, Allegrini P, Spadaccini D, Gasparri C, Iannello G, Infantino V, Alalwan TA, Perna S, Miccono A. A food pyramid, based on a review of the emerging literature, for subjects with inflammatory bowel disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 68:17-46. [PMID: 32499202 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging literature suggests that diet plays an important modulatory role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through the management of inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the evidence collected up till now regarding optimum diet therapy for IBD and to design a food pyramid for these patients. The pyramid shows that carbohydrates should be consumed every day (3 portions), together with tolerated fruits and vegetables (5 portions), yogurt (125ml), and extra virgin olive oil; weekly, fish (4 portions), white meat (3 portions), eggs (3 portions), pureed legumes (2 portions), seasoned cheeses (2 portions), and red or processed meats (once a week). At the top of the pyramid, there are two pennants: the red one means that subjects with IBD need some personalized supplementation and the black one means that there are some foods that are banned. The food pyramid makes it easier for patients to decide what they should eat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Silvia Lamburghini
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Milena A Faliva
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Unit, Indena, Milan 20146, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Spadaccini
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Iannello
- General Management, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Vittoria Infantino
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Tariq A Alalwan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Alessandra Miccono
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
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18
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Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with decreased fecal calprotectin in patients with ulcerative colitis after pouch surgery. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:3183-3190. [PMID: 31813010 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mediterranean diet (MED) is associated with health benefits, yet scarce data exist regarding the role of MED in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Herein, we aimed to evaluate the association between MED and inflammatory markers in patients with IBD after pouch surgery. METHODS Consecutive patients after pouch surgery due to ulcerative colitis (UC) were recruited at a comprehensive pouch clinic. Adherence to MED was calculated according to MED score, ranging from 0 (low adherence) to 9 (high adherence), based on food-frequency questionnaires. Pouch behavior was defined as normal pouch (NP) or pouchitis based on Pouchitis Disease Activity Index (PDAI) and disease activity was defined as active or inactive. C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal calprotectin were assessed. RESULTS Overall 153 patients were enrolled (male gender 47%; mean age 46 ± 14 years; mean pouch age 9.5 ± 7 years). MED scores were higher in patients with normal vs. elevated CRP and calprotectin levels (4.6 ± 1.8 vs. 4.4 ± 1.6, p = 0.28; 4.8 ± 1.8 vs. 4.07 ± 1.7, p < 0.05, respectively). In a multivariate regression, MED score was associated with decreased calprotectin levels (OR = 0.74 [0.56-0.99]). Adherence to MED was associated with dietary fiber and antioxidants intake. Finally, in a subgroup of patients with NP followed up for 8 years, higher adherence to MED trended to be inversely associated with the onset of pouchitis (log rank = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS In patients with UC after pouch surgery, adherence to MED is associated with decreased calprotectin levels. Thus, MED may have a role in modifying intestinal inflammation in IBD.
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19
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Dong XY, Wu MX, Zhang HM, Lyu H, Qian JM, Yang H. Association between matrix Gla protein and ulcerative colitis according to DNA microarray data. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2019; 8:66-75. [PMID: 32257220 PMCID: PMC7103419 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is a secreted protein contributed to the immunomodulatory functions of mesenchymal stromal cells. Microarray profiling found a significantly higher expression level of the extracellular matrix gene MGP in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, little is known about the role of MGP in UC and its upstream signaling regulation. This study aimed to identify the expression of MGP in UC and its upstream regulator mechanism. Methods Colonic mucosa biopsies were obtained from patients with UC and healthy controls. DNA microarray profiling was used to explore underlying genes correlating with UC development. Mice were fed with water containing different concentrations of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce an experimental colitis model. Colonic tissues were collected and evaluated using immunohistochemistry, immunoblot, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify candidate MGP gene-promoter sequence and transcription-initiation sites. Luciferase-reporter gene assay was conducted to examine the potential transcription factor of MGP gene expression. Results The expression of MGP was significantly increased in colonic tissues from UC patients and DSS-induced colitis models, and was positively correlated with disease severity. Bioinformatics analysis showed a conserved binding site for Egr-1 in the upstream region of human MGP gene. The significantly higher level of Egr-1 gene expression was found in UC patients than in healthy controls. The activity of luciferase was significantly enhanced in the Egr-1 expression plasmid co-transfected group than in the control group and was further inhibited when co-transfected with the Egr-1 binding-site mutated MGP promoter. Conclusions Up-regulated expression of MGP was found in UC patients and DSS-induced colitis. The expression of MGP can be regulated by Egr-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Yang Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mei-Xu Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hui-Min Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hong Lyu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jia-Ming Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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20
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Kilby K, Mathias H, Boisvenue L, Heisler C, Jones JL. Micronutrient Absorption and Related Outcomes in People with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1388. [PMID: 31226828 PMCID: PMC6627381 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder associated with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. While it is poorly understood, the role of nutrition and nutrient status in the etiology of IBD and its associated outcomes has led to increased research relating to micronutrient deficiency. This review offers an overview of recent literature related to micronutrient absorption and outcomes in adults with IBD. Although the absorption and IBD-related outcomes of some micronutrients (e.g., vitamin D and iron) are well understood, other micronutrients (e.g., vitamin A) require further research. Increased research and clinician knowledge of the relationship between micronutrients and IBD may manifest in improved nutrient screening, monitoring, treatment, and outcomes for people living with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Kilby
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1459 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3J 4R2, Canada.
| | - Holly Mathias
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS B3H 1T8, Canada.
| | - Lindsay Boisvenue
- Seaway Valley Community Health Care, 353 Pitt Street, Cornwall, ON K6J 3R1, Canada.
| | - Courtney Heisler
- Nova Scotia Collaborative Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program, Division of Digestive Care and Endoscopy, QEII Health Science Centre, Room 932, Victoria Building, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada.
| | - Jennifer L Jones
- Nova Scotia Collaborative Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program, Division of Digestive Care and Endoscopy, QEII Health Science Centre, Room 932, Victoria Building, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada.
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Kim M, Basharat A, Santosh R, Mehdi SF, Razvi Z, Yoo SK, Lowell B, Kumar A, Brima W, Danoff A, Dankner R, Bergman M, Pavlov VA, Yang H, Roth J. Reuniting overnutrition and undernutrition, macronutrients, and micronutrients. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3072. [PMID: 30171821 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over-nutrition and its late consequences are a dominant theme in medicine today. In addition to the health hazards brought on by over-nutrition, the medical community has recently accumulated a roster of health benefits with obesity, grouped under "obesity paradox." Throughout the world and throughout history until the 20th century, under-nutrition was a dominant evolutionary force. Under-nutrition brings with it a mix of benefits and detriments that are opposite to and continuous with those of over-nutrition. This continuum yields J-shaped or U-shaped curves relating body mass index to mortality. The overweight have an elevated risk of dying in middle age of degenerative diseases while the underweight are at increased risk of premature death from infectious conditions. Micronutrient deficiencies, major concerns of nutritional science in the 20th century, are being neglected. This "hidden hunger" is now surprisingly prevalent in all weight groups, even among the overweight. Because micronutrient replacement is safe, inexpensive, and predictably effective, it is now an exceptionally attractive target for therapy across the spectrum of weight and age. Nutrition-related conditions worthy of special attention from caregivers include excess vitamin A, excess vitamin D, and deficiency of magnesium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miji Kim
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Anam Basharat
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Ramchandani Santosh
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Syed F Mehdi
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Zanali Razvi
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Sun K Yoo
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Barbara Lowell
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Amrat Kumar
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Wunnie Brima
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Ann Danoff
- Department of Medicine, Cpl. Michael J Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Dankner
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Bergman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valentin A Pavlov
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science and Center for Bioelectric Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science and Center for Bioelectric Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
| | - Jesse Roth
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Disorders, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
- Center for Biomedical Science and Center for Bioelectric Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, USA
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22
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Feng Y, Liao Y, Huang W, Lai X, Luo J, Du C, Lin J, Zhang Z, Qiu D, Liu Q, Shen H, Xiang AP, Zhang Q. Mesenchymal stromal cells-derived matrix Gla protein contribute to the alleviation of experimental colitis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:691. [PMID: 29880866 PMCID: PMC5992143 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that is difficult to treat. However, previous preclinical and clinical studies have shown that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising therapeutic approach, whereas the exact underlying molecular mechanisms of MSCs in treating CD remain unclear. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of MSCs, as well as the in vivo microenvironments may influence the therapeutic efficacy. In our previous study, we found that a subpopulation of mouse MSCs with a high expression of matrix Gla protein (MGP), one of the members of vitamin K-dependent protein family, possessed better immunoregulatory properties. Therefore, in this study we investigate whether the abundant MSCs-derived MGP participate in the therapeutic mechanisms for MSCs treating CD. Obvious suppression of cell proliferation and cytokine production in T cells were observed in vitro through MSCs-derived MGP. Moreover, MGP alleviated the clinical and histopathological severity of colonic inflammation in mouse experimental colitis models to a remarkable degree. Our results indicate that MGP might be a novel important mediator of MSCs-mediated immunomodulation in treating CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingqiang Lai
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Lin
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongbo Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuli Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Abstract
Indiscriminate use of multivitamin/mineral supplements in the general population may be misguided, but patients with chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) should be monitored and compensated for nutritional deficiencies. Mechanistic links between vitamin/mineral deficiencies and IBD pathology has been found for some micronutrients and normalizing their levels is clinically beneficial. Others, like vitamin A, although instinctively desirable, produced disappointing results. Restoring normal levels of the selected micronutrients requires elevated doses to compensate for defects in absorptive or signaling mechanisms. This article describes some aspects of vitamin and mineral deficiencies in IBD, and summarizes pros and cons of supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez K Ghishan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Pawel R Kiela
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Karl JP, Meydani M, Barnett JB, Vanegas SM, Barger K, Fu X, Goldin B, Kane A, Rasmussen H, Vangay P, Knights D, Jonnalagadda SS, Saltzman E, Roberts SB, Meydani SN, Booth SL. Fecal concentrations of bacterially derived vitamin K forms are associated with gut microbiota composition but not plasma or fecal cytokine concentrations in healthy adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:1052-1061. [PMID: 28814395 PMCID: PMC5611782 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.155424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence suggests novel roles for bacterially derived vitamin K forms known as menaquinones in health and disease, which may be attributable in part to anti-inflammatory effects. However, the relevance of menaquinones produced by gut bacteria to vitamin K requirements and inflammation is undetermined.Objective: This study aimed to quantify fecal menaquinone concentrations and identify associations between fecal menaquinone concentrations and serum vitamin K concentrations, gut microbiota composition, and inflammation.Design: Fecal and serum menaquinone concentrations, fecal microbiota composition, and plasma and fecal cytokine concentrations were measured in 80 men and postmenopausal women (48 men, 32 women, age 40-65 y) enrolled in a randomized, parallel-arm, provided-food trial. After consuming a run-in diet for 2 wk, participants were randomly assigned to consume a whole grain-rich (WG) or a refined grain-based (RG) diet for 6 wk. Outcomes were measured at weeks 2 and 8.Results: The median total daily excretion of menaquinones in feces was 850 nmol/d but was highly variable (range: 64-5358 nmol/d). The total median (IQR) fecal concentrations of menaquinones decreased in the WG diet compared with the RG diet [-6.8 nmol/g (13.0 nmol/g) dry weight for WG compared with 1.8 nmol/g (12.3 nmol/g) dry weight for RG; P < 0.01)]. However, interindividual variability in fecal menaquinone concentrations partitioned individuals into 2 distinct groups based on interindividual differences in concentrations of different menaquinone forms rather than the diet group or the time point. The relative abundances of several gut bacteria taxa, Bacteroides and Prevotella in particular, differed between these groups, and 42% of identified genera were associated with ≥1 menaquinone form. Menaquinones were not detected in serum, and neither fecal concentrations of individual menaquinones nor the menaquinone group was associated with any marker of inflammation.Conclusion: Menaquinone concentrations in the human gut appear highly variable and are associated with gut microbiota composition. However, the health implications remain unclear. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01902394.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Philip Karl
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Mohsen Meydani
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Junaidah B Barnett
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Sally M Vanegas
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Kathryn Barger
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Xueyan Fu
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Anne Kane
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Helen Rasmussen
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Dan Knights
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, and,Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; and
| | | | - Edward Saltzman
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Susan B Roberts
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Simin N Meydani
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah L Booth
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA;
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25
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Kawai S, Iijima H, Shinzaki S, Hiyama S, Yamaguchi T, Araki M, Iwatani S, Shiraishi E, Mukai A, Inoue T, Hayashi Y, Tsujii M, Motooka D, Nakamura S, Iida T, Takehara T. Indigo Naturalis ameliorates murine dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis via aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation. J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:904-919. [PMID: 27900483 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-016-1292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indigo Naturalis (IN) is used as a traditional herbal medicine for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the mechanisms of action of IN have not been clarified. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of IN for ameliorating colonic inflammation. We further investigated the mechanisms of action of IN. METHODS Colitis severity was assessed in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis models with or without the oral administration of IN or indigo, which is a known major component of IN. Colonic lamina propria (LP) mononuclear cells isolated from IN-treated mice were analyzed with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry. LP and splenic mononuclear cells cultured in vitro with IN or indigo were also analyzed. The role of the candidate receptor for indigo, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), was analyzed using Ahr-deficient mice. RESULTS Colitis severity was significantly ameliorated in the IN and indigo treatment groups compared with the control group. The mRNA expression levels of interleukin (Il)-10 and Il-22 in the LP lymphocytes were increased by IN treatment. The treatment of splenocytes with IN or indigo increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and resulted in the expansion of IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells and IL-22-producing CD3-RORγt+ cells, but not CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. The amelioration of colitis by IN or indigo was abrogated in Ahr-deficient mice, in association with diminished regulatory cytokine production. CONCLUSIONS IN and indigo ameliorated murine colitis through AhR signaling activation, suggesting that AhR could be a promising therapeutic target for UC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- CD4 Lymphocyte Count
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Colitis/chemically induced
- Colitis/drug therapy
- Colitis/pathology
- Dextran Sulfate
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Indigo Carmine/pharmacology
- Indigo Carmine/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/deficiency
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/drug effects
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
- Severity of Illness Index
- Spleen/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid
- Interleukin-22
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Shinzaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshio Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Manabu Araki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuko Iwatani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eri Shiraishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Mukai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshito Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tsujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Higashiosaka City General Hospital, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Iida
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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26
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Statovci D, Aguilera M, MacSharry J, Melgar S. The Impact of Western Diet and Nutrients on the Microbiota and Immune Response at Mucosal Interfaces. Front Immunol 2017; 8:838. [PMID: 28804483 PMCID: PMC5532387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings point toward diet having a major impact on human health. Diets can either affect the gut microbiota resulting in alterations in the host’s physiological responses or by directly targeting the host response. The microbial community in the mammalian gut is a complex and dynamic system crucial for the development and maturation of both systemic and mucosal immune responses. Therefore, the complex interaction between available nutrients, the microbiota, and the immune system are central regulators in maintaining homeostasis and fighting against invading pathogens at mucosal sites. Westernized diet, defined as high dietary intake of saturated fats and sucrose and low intake of fiber, represent a growing health risk contributing to the increased occurrence of metabolic diseases, e.g., diabetes and obesity in countries adapting a westernized lifestyle. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and asthma are chronic mucosal inflammatory conditions of unknown etiology with increasing prevalence worldwide. These conditions have a multifactorial etiology including genetic factors, environmental factors, and dysregulated immune responses. Their increased prevalence cannot solely be attributed to genetic considerations implying that other factors such as diet can be a major contributor. Recent reports indicate that the gut microbiota and modifications thereof, due to a consumption of a diet high in saturated fats and low in fibers, can trigger factors regulating the development and/or progression of both conditions. While asthma is a disease of the airways, increasing evidence indicates a link between the gut and airways in disease development. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the impact of westernized diet and associated nutrients on immune cell responses and the microbiota and how these can influence the pathology of IBD and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donjete Statovci
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mònica Aguilera
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John MacSharry
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Silvia Melgar
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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