1
|
Azamor T, Cunha DP, Nobre Pires KS, Lira Tanabe EL, Melgaço JG, Vieira da Silva AM, Ribeiro-Alves M, Calvo TL, Tubarão LN, da Silva J, Fernandes CB, Fonseca de Souza A, Torrentes de Carvalho A, Avvad-Portari E, da Cunha Guida L, Gomes L, Lopes Moreira ME, Dinis Ano Bom AP, Cristina da Costa Neves P, Missailidis S, Vasconcelos Z, Borbely AU, Moraes MO. Decidual production of interferon lambda in response to ZIKV persistence: Clinical evidence and in vitro modelling. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30613. [PMID: 38737240 PMCID: PMC11087979 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infections during pregnancy can result in Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS), a range of severe neurological outcomes in fetuses that primarily occur during early gestational stages possibly due to placental damage. Although some placentas can maintain ZIKV persistence for weeks or months after the initial infection and diagnosis, the impact of this viral persistence is still unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the immunological repercussion of ZIKV persistence in term placentas. As such, term placentas from 64 pregnant women diagnosed with Zika in different gestational periods were analyzed by ZIKV RT-qPCR, examination of decidua and placental villous histopathology, and expression of inflammation-related genes and IFNL1-4. Subsequently, we explored primary cultures of term decidual Extravillous Trophoblasts (EVTs) and Term Chorionic Villi (TCV) explants, as in vitro models to access the immunological consequences of placental ZIKV infection. Placenta from CZS cases presented low IFNL1-4 expression, evidencing the critical protective role of theses cytokines in the clinical outcome. Term placentas cleared for ZIKV showed increased levels of IFNL1, 3, and 4, whether viral persistence was related with a proinflammatory profile. Conversely, upon ZIKV persistence placentas with decidual inflammation showed high IFNL1-4 levels. In vitro experiments showed that term EVTs are more permissive, and secreted higher levels of IFN-α2 and IFN-λ1 compared to TCV explants. The results suggest that, upon ZIKV persistence, the maternal-skewed decidua contributes to placental inflammatory and antiviral signature, through chronic deciduitis and IFNL upregulation. Although further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the decidual responses against ZIKV. Hence, this study presents unique insights and valuable in vitro models for evaluating the immunological landscape of placentas upon ZIKV persistence.
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang Y, Zhang Y, Yang S, Shi Y, Chu X, Ahmed N, Wu J, Chen Q. Tembusu virus induced apoptosis in vacuolate spermatogenic cells is mediated by Cytc-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway. Theriogenology 2024; 215:312-320. [PMID: 38128224 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that infects mainly poultry and has caused huge economic losses to the poultry farming industry in China. Also known as duck hemorrhagic ovarian disease, DTMUV principally destroys ovarian tissue in ducks, causing a dramatic drop in egg production. and can also invade the male reproductive system causing lesions. Currently, little research has been done to reveal the underlying mechanisms of reproductive dysfunction in ducks caused by DTMUV infection. In this study, histopathological analysis and electron microscopy of testes of ducks infected with DTMUV showed that DTMUV caused testicular atrophy and cytoplasmic vacuolation in ducks. Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining and real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) results further indicated that DTMUV induced spermatogenic cells apoptosis. After DTMUV infection, a large amount of cytochrome c(Cytc) was released from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytoplasm, activating downstream target proteins and causing apoptosis. To sum up, DTMUV induces spermatogenic cell apoptosis through the Cytc-induced mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, our study provides evidence for DTMUV infection-induced male reproductive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Sheng Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Chu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, PR China
| | - Jingxian Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gordhan BG, Liebenberg D, Scarlatti G, Herrera C, Chiodi F, Martinson N, Fox J, Kana BD. Ex vivo challenge models for infectious diseases. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37909097 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2274855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis for infectious agents were studied in cell culture or animal models but have limitations on the extent to which the resulting data reflect natural infection in humans. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need to rapidly develop laboratory models that enable the study of host-pathogen interactions, particularly the relative efficacy of preventive measures. Recently, human and animal ex vivo tissue challenge models have emerged as a promising avenue to study immune responses, screen potential therapies and triage vaccine candidates. This approach offers the opportunity to closely approximate human disease from the perspective of pathology and immune response. It has advantages compared to animal models which are expensive, lengthy and often require containment facilities. Herein, we summarize some recent advances in the development of ex vivo tissue challenge models for COVID-19, HIV-1 and other pathogens. We focus on the contribution of these models to enhancing knowledge of host-pathogen interactions, immune modulation, and their value in testing therapeutic agents. We further highlight the advantages and limitations of using ex vivo challenge models and briefly summarize how the use of organoids provides a useful advancement over current approaches. Collectively, these developments have enormous potential for the study of infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Gowan Gordhan
- Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dale Liebenberg
- Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gabriella Scarlatti
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina Herrera
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Chiodi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Neil Martinson
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit (PHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Julie Fox
- Guys and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bavesh Davandra Kana
- Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fernández-Rojas MA, Ávila G, Romero-Valdovinos M, Plett-Torres T, Salazar AM, Sordo M, Chávez-Vargas M, Coeto Ángeles CJ, Cruz-Rivera M, Santiago-Olivares C, Ramírez Hinojosa JP, Maravilla P, Flisser A, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Mendlovic F. Elevated Levels of Cytotoxicity, Cytokines, and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Mild Cases of COVID-19. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:550-561. [PMID: 37603294 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Current evidence shows higher production of cytokines and antibodies against severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in severe and critical cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in comparison with patients with moderate or mild disease. A recent hypothesis proposes an important role of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the induction of the cytokine storm observed in some patients at later stages of the disease. Interestingly, in this study, we report significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-4 cytokines in mild COVID-19 patients versus severe cases, as well as a high frequency of karyorrhexis (median [Me] = 364 vs. 20 cells) and karyolysis (Me = 266 vs. 52 cells) in the mucosal epithelial cells of both groups of patients compared with uninfected individuals. Although we observed higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in COVID-19 patients, IgM antibodies were significantly higher only in mild cases, for the N and the S viral antigens. High levels of IgG antibodies were observed in both mild and severe cases. Our results showed elevated concentrations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in mild cases, which may reflect an active innate immune response and could be related to the higher IgM and IgG antibody levels found in those patients. In addition, we found that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces cytotoxic damage in the oral mucosa, highlighting the importance of studying the genotoxic and cytotoxic events induced by infection and its role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Fernández-Rojas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermina Ávila
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mirza Romero-Valdovinos
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", SSA. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col Seccion XVI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tanya Plett-Torres
- Plan de Estudios Combinados en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Sordo
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana Chávez-Vargas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cesar Josué Coeto Ángeles
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", SSA. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col Seccion XVI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mayra Cruz-Rivera
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Santiago-Olivares
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Ramírez Hinojosa
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", SSA. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col Seccion XVI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", SSA. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Col Seccion XVI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Flisser
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fela Mendlovic
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan, Mexico State, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Borges-Vélez G, Arroyo JA, Cantres-Rosario YM, Rodriguez de Jesus A, Roche-Lima A, Rosado-Philippi J, Rosario-Rodríguez LJ, Correa-Rivas MS, Campos-Rivera M, Meléndez LM. Decreased CSTB, RAGE, and Axl Receptor Are Associated with Zika Infection in the Human Placenta. Cells 2022; 11:3627. [PMID: 36429055 PMCID: PMC9688057 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) compromises placental integrity, infecting the fetus. However, the mechanisms associated with ZIKV penetration into the placenta leading to fetal infection are unknown. Cystatin B (CSTB), the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO (AXL) have been implicated in ZIKV infection and inflammation. This work investigates CSTB, RAGE, and AXL receptor expression and activation pathways in ZIKV-infected placental tissues at term. The hypothesis is that there is overexpression of CSTB and increased inflammation affecting RAGE and AXL receptor expression in ZIKV-infected placentas. Pathological analyses of 22 placentas were performed to determine changes caused by ZIKV infection. Quantitative proteomics, immunofluorescence, and western blot were performed to analyze proteins and pathways affected by ZIKV infection in frozen placentas. The pathological analysis confirmed decreased size of capillaries, hyperplasia of Hofbauer cells, disruption in the trophoblast layer, cell agglutination, and ZIKV localization to the trophoblast layer. In addition, there was a significant decrease in CSTB, RAGE, and AXL expression and upregulation of caspase 1, tubulin beta, and heat shock protein 27. Modulation of these proteins and activation of inflammasome and pyroptosis pathways suggest targets for modulation of ZIKV infection in the placenta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Borges-Vélez
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Juan A. Arroyo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | - Ana Rodriguez de Jesus
- Center for Collaborative Research in Health Disparities, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Abiel Roche-Lima
- Center for Collaborative Research in Health Disparities, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Julio Rosado-Philippi
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Lester J. Rosario-Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - María S. Correa-Rivas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Maribel Campos-Rivera
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Loyda M. Meléndez
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
- Center for Collaborative Research in Health Disparities, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao Z, Li Q, Ashraf U, Yang M, Zhu W, Gu J, Chen Z, Gu C, Si Y, Cao S, Ye J. Zika virus causes placental pyroptosis and associated adverse fetal outcomes by activating GSDME. eLife 2022; 11:73792. [PMID: 35972780 PMCID: PMC9381041 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) can be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy, causing adverse fetal outcomes. Several studies have indicated that ZIKV can damage the fetal brain directly; however, whether the ZIKV-induced maternal placental injury contributes to adverse fetal outcomes is sparsely defined. Here, we demonstrated that ZIKV causes the pyroptosis of placental cells by activating the executor gasdermin E (GSDME) in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, TNF-α release is induced upon the recognition of viral genomic RNA by RIG-I, followed by activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3 to ultimately escalate the GSDME cleavage. Further analyses revealed that the ablation of GSDME or treatment with TNF-α receptor antagonist in ZIKV-infected pregnant mice attenuates placental pyroptosis, which consequently confers protection against adverse fetal outcomes. In conclusion, our study unveils a novel mechanism of ZIKV-induced adverse fetal outcomes via causing placental cell pyroptosis, which provides new clues for developing therapies for ZIKV-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zikai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Usama Ashraf
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changqin Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Youhui Si
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengbo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Castro Alves CE, de Melo SA, de Melo Silva J, de Oliveira LC, do Nascimento VA, Santos JHA, Naveca FG, Pontes GS. Increased Serum Levels of Growth-Differentiation Factor 3 (GDF3) and Inflammasome-Related Markers in Pregnant Women during Acute Zika Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051004. [PMID: 35632746 PMCID: PMC9145598 DOI: 10.3390/v14051004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The systemic inflammatory response elicited by acute Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy plays a key role in the clinical outcomes in mothers and congenitally infected offspring. The present study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of GDF-3 and inflammasome-related markers in pregnant women during acute ZIKV infection. Serum samples from pregnant (n = 18) and non-pregnant (n = 22) women with acute ZIKV infection were assessed for NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, and GDF3 markers through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ZIKV-negative pregnant (n = 18) and non-pregnant women (n = 15) were used as control groups. All serum markers were highly elevated in the ZIKV-infected groups in comparison with control groups (p < 0.0001). Among the ZIKV-infected groups, the serum markers were significantly augmented in the pregnant women in comparison with non-pregnant women (NLRP3 p < 0.001; IL-1β, IL-18, and GDF3 p < 0.0001). The IL-18 marker was found at significantly higher levels (p < 0.05) in the third trimester of pregnancy. Bivariate and multivariate analyses showed a strong positive correlation between GDF3 and NLRP3 markers among ZIKV-infected pregnant women (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001). The findings indicated that acute ZIKV infection during pregnancy induces the overexpression of GDF-3 and inflammasome-related markers, which may contribute to congenital disorders and harmful pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo de Castro Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada—PPGIBA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69080-900, Brazil; (C.E.d.C.A.); (J.d.M.S.)
- Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69060-001, Brazil; (S.A.d.M.); (L.C.d.O.)
| | - Sabrina Araújo de Melo
- Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69060-001, Brazil; (S.A.d.M.); (L.C.d.O.)
| | - Jean de Melo Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada—PPGIBA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69080-900, Brazil; (C.E.d.C.A.); (J.d.M.S.)
| | - Leonardo Calheiros de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69060-001, Brazil; (S.A.d.M.); (L.C.d.O.)
| | - Valdinete Alves do Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus 69057-070, Brazil; (V.A.d.N.); (F.G.N.)
| | | | - Felipe Gomes Naveca
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus 69057-070, Brazil; (V.A.d.N.); (F.G.N.)
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Gemilson Soares Pontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada—PPGIBA, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas—UFAM, Manaus 69080-900, Brazil; (C.E.d.C.A.); (J.d.M.S.)
- Laboratório de Virologia e Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69060-001, Brazil; (S.A.d.M.); (L.C.d.O.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
ZIKV replication is differential in explants and cells of human placental which is suppressed by HSV-2 coinfection. Virology 2022; 570:45-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
9
|
The impact of Zika virus exposure on the placental proteomic profile. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1868:166270. [PMID: 34582966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has caused severe unexpected clinical outcomes in neonates and adults during the recent outbreak in Latin America, particularly in Brazil. Congenital malformations associated with ZIKV have been frequently reported; nevertheless, the mechanism of vertical transmission and the involvement of placental cells remains unclear. In this study, we applied quantitative proteomics analysis in a floating explant model of chorionic villi of human placental tissues incubated with ZIKV and with ZIKV pre-adsorbed with anti-ZIKV envelope protein. Proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD025764. Altered levels of proteins were involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammatory processes, and the integrin-cytoskeleton complex. Antibody-opsonized ZIKV particles differentially modulated the pattern of protein expression in placental cells; this phenomenon may play a pivotal role in determining the course of infection and the role of mixed infections. The expression of specific proteins was also evaluated by immunoperoxidase assays. These data fill gaps in our understanding of early events after ZIKV placental exposure and help identify infection control targets.
Collapse
|
10
|
Palmitoleate Protects against Zika Virus-Induced Placental Trophoblast Apoptosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060643. [PMID: 34200091 PMCID: PMC8226770 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy is associated with the development of microcephaly, intrauterine growth restriction, and ocular damage in the fetus. ZIKV infection of the placenta plays a crucial role in the vertical transmission from the maternal circulation to the fetus. Our previous study suggested that ZIKV induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis of placental trophoblasts. Here, we showed that palmitoleate, an omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid, prevents ZIKV-induced ER stress and apoptosis in placental trophoblasts. Human trophoblast cell lines (JEG-3 and JAR) and normal immortalized trophoblasts (HTR-8) were used. We observed that ZIKV infection of the trophoblasts resulted in apoptosis and treatment of palmitoleate to ZIKV-infected cells significantly prevented apoptosis. However, palmitate (saturated fatty acid) did not offer protection from ZIKV-induced ER stress and apoptosis. We also observed that the Zika viral RNA copies were decreased, and the cell viability improved in ZIKV-infected cells treated with palmitoleate as compared to the infected cells without palmitoleate treatment. Further, palmitoleate was shown to protect against ZIKV-induced upregulation of ER stress markers, C/EBP homologous protein and X-box binding protein-1 splicing in placental trophoblasts. In conclusion, our studies suggest that palmitoleate protects placental trophoblasts against ZIKV-induced ER stress and apoptosis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Andrade CBV, Monteiro VRDS, Coelho SVA, Gomes HR, Sousa RPC, Nascimento VMDO, Bloise FF, Matthews SG, Bloise E, Arruda LB, Ortiga-Carvalho TM. ZIKV Disrupts Placental Ultrastructure and Drug Transporter Expression in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680246. [PMID: 34093581 PMCID: PMC8176859 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can induce fetal brain abnormalities. Here, we investigated whether maternal ZIKV infection affects placental physiology and metabolic transport potential and impacts the fetal outcome, regardless of viral presence in the fetus at term. Low (103 PFU-ZIKVPE243; low ZIKV) and high (5x107 PFU-ZIKVPE243; high ZIKV) virus titers were injected into immunocompetent (ICompetent C57BL/6) and immunocompromised (ICompromised A129) mice at gestational day (GD) 12.5 for tissue collection at GD18.5 (term). High ZIKV elicited fetal death rates of 66% and 100%, whereas low ZIKV induced fetal death rates of 0% and 60% in C57BL/6 and A129 dams, respectively. All surviving fetuses exhibited intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and decreased placental efficiency. High-ZIKV infection in C57BL/6 and A129 mice resulted in virus detection in maternal spleens and placenta, but only A129 fetuses presented virus RNA in the brain. Nevertheless, pregnancies in both strains produced fetuses with decreased head sizes (p<0.05). Low-ZIKV-A129 dams had higher IL-6 and CXCL1 levels (p<0.05), and their placentas showed increased CCL-2 and CXCL-1 contents (p<0.05). In contrast, low-ZIKV-C57BL/6 dams had an elevated CCL2 serum level and increased type I and II IFN expression in the placenta. Notably, less abundant microvilli and mitochondrial degeneration were evidenced in the placental labyrinth zone (Lz) of ICompromised and high-ZIKV-ICompetent mice but not in low-ZIKV-C57BL/6 mice. In addition, decreased placental expression of the drug transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) and the lipid transporter Abca1 was detected in all ZIKV-infected groups, but Bcrp and Abca1 were only reduced in ICompromised and high-ZIKV ICompetent mice. Our data indicate that gestational ZIKV infection triggers specific proinflammatory responses and affects placental turnover and transporter expression in a manner dependent on virus concentration and maternal immune status. Placental damage may impair proper fetal-maternal exchange function and fetal growth/survival, likely contributing to congenital Zika syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hanailly Ribeiro Gomes
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronny Paiva Campos Sousa
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Fonseca Bloise
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stephen Giles Matthews
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Enrrico Bloise
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana Barros Arruda
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pan Y, Cheng A, Wang M, Yin Z, Jia R. The Dual Regulation of Apoptosis by Flavivirus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:654494. [PMID: 33841381 PMCID: PMC8024479 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.654494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death, which maintains cellular homeostasis by eliminating pathogen-infected cells. It contains three signaling pathways: death receptor pathway, mitochondria-mediated pathway, and endoplasmic reticulum pathway. Its importance in host defenses is highlighted by the observation that many viruses evade, hinder or destroy apoptosis, thereby weakening the host’s immune response. Flaviviruses such as Dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and West Nile virus utilize various strategies to activate or inhibit cell apoptosis. This article reviews the research progress of apoptosis mechanism during flaviviruses infection, including flaviviruses proteins and subgenomic flaviviral RNA to regulate apoptosis by interacting with host proteins, as well as various signaling pathways involved in flaviviruses-induced apoptosis, which provides a scientific basis for understanding the pathogenesis of flaviviruses and helps in developing an effective antiviral therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Pan
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Muthuraj PG, Sahoo PK, Kraus M, Bruett T, Annamalai AS, Pattnaik A, Pattnaik AK, Byrareddy SN, Natarajan SK. Zika virus infection induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in placental trophoblasts. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:24. [PMID: 33500388 PMCID: PMC7838309 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection to a pregnant woman can be vertically transmitted to the fetus via the placenta leading to Congenital Zika syndrome. This is characterized by microcephaly, retinal defects, and intrauterine growth retardation. ZIKV induces placental trophoblast apoptosis leading to severe abnormalities in the growth and development of the fetus. However, the molecular mechanism behind ZIKV-induced apoptosis in placental trophoblasts remains unclear. We hypothesize that ZIKV infection induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the trophoblasts, and sustained ER stress results in apoptosis. HTR-8 (HTR-8/SVneo), a human normal immortalized trophoblast cell and human choriocarcinoma-derived cell lines (JEG-3 and JAR) were infected with ZIKV. Biochemical and structural markers of apoptosis like caspase 3/7 activity and percent apoptotic nuclear morphological changes, respectively were assessed. ZIKV infection in placental trophoblasts showed an increase in the levels of CHOP mRNA and protein expression, which is an inducer of apoptosis. Next, we also observed increased levels of ER stress markers such as phosphorylated forms of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α (P-IRE1α), and its downstream target, the spliced form of XBP1 mRNA, phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (P-eIF2α), and activation of cJun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) after 16-24 h of ZIKV infection in trophoblasts. Inhibition of JNK or pan-caspases using small molecule inhibitors significantly prevented ZIKV-induced apoptosis in trophoblasts. Further, JNK inhibition also reduced XBP1 mRNA splicing and viral E protein staining in ZIKV infected cells. In conclusion, the mechanism of ZIKV-induced placental trophoblast apoptosis involves the activation of ER stress and JNK activation, and the inhibition of JNK dramatically prevents ZIKV-induced trophoblast apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philma Glora Muthuraj
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, 68583-0806, NE, USA
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Prakash K Sahoo
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, 68583-0806, NE, USA
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Madison Kraus
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, 68583-0806, NE, USA
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Taylor Bruett
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, 68583-0806, NE, USA
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Arun S Annamalai
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Aryamav Pattnaik
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Asit K Pattnaik
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, 68583-0806, NE, USA.
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schilling M, Bridgeman A, Gray N, Hertzog J, Hublitz P, Kohl A, Rehwinkel J. RIG-I Plays a Dominant Role in the Induction of Transcriptional Changes in Zika Virus-Infected Cells, which Protect from Virus-Induced Cell Death. Cells 2020; 9:E1476. [PMID: 32560274 PMCID: PMC7349056 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) has received much attention due to an alarming increase in cases of neurological disorders including congenital Zika syndrome associated with infection. To date, there is no effective treatment available. An immediate response by the innate immune system is crucial for effective control of the virus. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockouts in A549 cells, we investigated the individual contributions of the RIG-I-like receptors MDA5 and RIG-I to ZIKV sensing and control of this virus by using a Brazilian ZIKV strain. We show that RIG-I is the main sensor for ZIKV in A549 cells. Surprisingly, we observed that loss of RIG-I and consecutive type I interferon (IFN) production led to virus-induced apoptosis. ZIKV non-structural protein NS5 was reported to interfere with type I IFN receptor signaling. Additionally, we show that ZIKV NS5 inhibits type I IFN induction. Overall, our study highlights the importance of RIG-I-dependent ZIKV sensing for the prevention of virus-induced cell death and shows that NS5 inhibits the production of type I IFN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Schilling
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; (M.S.); (A.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Anne Bridgeman
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; (M.S.); (A.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Nicki Gray
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK;
| | - Jonny Hertzog
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; (M.S.); (A.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Philip Hublitz
- Genome Engineering Facility, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK;
| | - Alain Kohl
- MRC-Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| | - Jan Rehwinkel
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; (M.S.); (A.B.); (J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Oymans J, van Keulen L, Wichgers Schreur PJ, Kortekaas J. Early Pathogenesis of Wesselsbron Disease in Pregnant Ewes. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050373. [PMID: 32414152 PMCID: PMC7281025 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wesselsbron virus (WSLV) is a neglected, mosquito-borne flavivirus that is endemic to the African continent. The virus is teratogenic to ruminants and causes a self-limiting febrile illness in humans. Wesselsbron disease manifests with similar clinical signs and occurs in the same areas under the same climatic conditions as Rift Valley fever, which is therefore included in the differential diagnosis. Although the gross pathology of WSLV infection in pregnant ewes is reported in literature, the pathogenesis that leads to stillbirths, congenital malformations and abortion has remained undescribed. In the present study, pregnant ewes were inoculated with WSLV and subjected to detailed clinical- and histopathology 8 days later. The virus was mainly detected in foetal trophoblasts of the placenta and in neural progenitor cells, differentiated neurons, oligodendrocytes, microglia and astrocytes. Our study demonstrates that WSLV efficiently crosses the maternal-foetal interface and is highly neuroinvasive in the ovine foetus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Oymans
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (J.O.); (L.v.K.); (P.J.W.S.)
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucien van Keulen
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (J.O.); (L.v.K.); (P.J.W.S.)
| | - Paul J. Wichgers Schreur
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (J.O.); (L.v.K.); (P.J.W.S.)
| | - Jeroen Kortekaas
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands; (J.O.); (L.v.K.); (P.J.W.S.)
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-6-20919110
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kwan STC, Kezer CA, Helfrich KK, Saini N, Huebner SM, Flentke GR, Kling PJ, Smith SM. Maternal iron nutriture modulates placental development in a rat model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Alcohol 2020; 84:57-66. [PMID: 31734307 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) causes developmental abnormalities known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Maternal iron status modulates the severity of these defects in the offspring. Because the placenta is central in supporting fetal development, we investigated whether maternal iron status similarly modulates alcohol's effects in the placenta. We hypothesized that PAE causes placental insufficiency by decreasing placental weight and efficiency, and we hypothesized that these are worsened by maternal iron deficiency (ID) and alleviated by dietary iron fortification (IF). We also determined whether altered placental iron flux and inflammatory balance contribute to placental insufficiency. Pregnant Long-Evans rats consumed an iron-deficient (ID; 2-6 ppm), iron-sufficient (IS; 100 ppm), or iron-fortified (IF; 500 ppm) diet. Alcohol (5 g/kg body weight) or isocaloric maltodextrin (MD) was gavaged daily from gestational day (GD) 13.5-19.5. Placental outcomes were evaluated on GD20.5. PAE reduced fetal weight (p < 0.0001), placental weight (p = 0.0324), and placental efficiency (p = 0.0043). PAE downregulated placental transferrin receptor (p = 0.0032); it also altered placental Il1b and Tnf expression and the Il6:Il10 ratio (p = 0.0337, 0.0300, and 0.0034, respectively) to generate a response favoring inflammation. ID-PAE further reduced fetal growth and placental efficiency and induced a heightened pro-inflammatory placental profile. IF did not rescue the alcohol-reduced fetal weight, but it normalized placental efficiency and decreased placental inflammation. These placental cytokines correlated with fetal and placental growth, and explained 45% of the variability in fetal weight and 20% of the variability in placental efficiency. In summary, alcohol induces placental insufficiency and is associated with a pro-inflammatory cytokine profile exacerbated by maternal ID and mitigated by maternal IF. Because the placenta is closely linked to intrauterine growth, the placental insufficiency reported here may correlate with the lower birth weights in a subgroup of individuals who experienced PAE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sze Ting Cecilia Kwan
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, United States
| | - Camille A Kezer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Kaylee K Helfrich
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, United States
| | - Nipun Saini
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, United States
| | - Shane M Huebner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - George R Flentke
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, United States
| | - Pamela J Kling
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, United States
| | - Susan M Smith
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, United States; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Khaiboullina S, Uppal T, Kletenkov K, St Jeor SC, Garanina E, Rizvanov A, Verma SC. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Matrix Metalloproteinase Activation in Zika Virus Infected Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:642. [PMID: 31249527 PMCID: PMC6582368 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The deformities in the newborns infected with Zika virus (ZIKV) present a new potential public health threat to the worldwide community. Although ZIKV infection is mainly asymptomatic in healthy adults, infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and other severe brain defects and potentially death of the fetus. The detailed mechanism of ZIKV-associated damage is still largely unknown; however, it is apparent that the virus crosses the placental barrier to reach the fetus. Endothelial cells are the key structural component of the placental barrier. Endothelium integrity as semi-permeable barrier is essential to control the molecules and leukocytes trafficking across the placenta. Damaged endothelium or disruption of adherens junctions could compromise endothelial barrier integrity causing leakage and inflammation. Endothelial cells are often targeted by viruses, including the members of the Flaviviridae family such as dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile virus (WNV); however, little is known about the effects of ZIKV infection of endothelial cell functions. Our transcriptomic data have demonstrated that the large number of cytokines is affected in ZIKV-infected endothelial cells, where significant changes in 13 and 11 cytokines were identified in cells infected with PRVABC59 and IBH30656 ZIKV strains, respectively. Importantly, these cytokines include chemokines attracting mononuclear leukocytes (monocytes and lymphocytes) as well as neutrophils. Additionally, changes in matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) were detected in ZIKV-infected cells. Furthermore, we for the first time showed that ZIKV infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) increases endothelial permeability. We reason that increased endothelial permeability was due to apoptosis of endothelial cells caused by caspase-8 activation in ZIKV-infected cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Khaiboullina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Timsy Uppal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Konstatin Kletenkov
- Department of Exploratory Research, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Stephen Charles St Jeor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States.,Genequest LLC, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Ekaterina Garanina
- Department of Exploratory Research, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Department of Exploratory Research, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Subhash C Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Atovaquone Inhibits Arbovirus Replication through the Depletion of Intracellular Nucleotides. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00389-19. [PMID: 30894466 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00389-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses represent a significant public health threat worldwide, yet there are few antiviral therapies or prophylaxes targeting these pathogens. In particular, the development of novel antivirals for high-risk populations such as pregnant women is essential to prevent devastating disease such as that which was experienced with the recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas. One potential avenue to identify new and pregnancy-acceptable antiviral compounds is to repurpose well-known and widely used FDA-approved drugs. In this study, we addressed the antiviral role of atovaquone, an FDA Pregnancy Category C drug and pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitor used for the prevention and treatment of parasitic infections. We found that atovaquone was able to inhibit ZIKV and chikungunya virus virion production in human cells and that this antiviral effect occurred early during infection at the initial steps of viral RNA replication. Moreover, we were able to complement viral replication and virion production with the addition of exogenous pyrimidine nucleosides, indicating that atovaquone functions through the inhibition of the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway to inhibit viral replication. Finally, using an ex vivo human placental tissue model, we found that atovaquone could limit ZIKV infection in a dose-dependent manner, providing evidence that atovaquone may function as an antiviral in humans. Taken together, these studies suggest that atovaquone could be a broad-spectrum antiviral drug and a potential attractive candidate for the prophylaxis or treatment of arbovirus infection in vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women and children.IMPORTANCE The ability to protect vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and children from Zika virus and other arbovirus infections is essential to preventing the devastating complications induced by these viruses. One class of antiviral therapies may lie in known pregnancy-acceptable drugs that have the potential to mitigate arbovirus infections and disease, yet this has not been explored in detail. In this study, we show that the common antiparasitic drug atovaquone inhibits arbovirus replication through intracellular nucleotide depletion and can impair ZIKV infection in an ex vivo human placental explant model. Our study provides a novel function for atovaquone and highlights that the rediscovery of pregnancy-acceptable drugs with potential antiviral effects can be the key to better addressing the immediate need for treating viral infections and preventing potential birth complications and future disease.
Collapse
|
19
|
Souza INO, Barros-Aragão FGQ, Frost PS, Figueiredo CP, Clarke JR. Late Neurological Consequences of Zika Virus Infection: Risk Factors and Pharmaceutical Approaches. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E60. [PMID: 30999590 PMCID: PMC6631207 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection was historically considered a disease with mild symptoms and no major consequences to human health. However, several long-term, late onset, and chronic neurological complications, both in congenitally-exposed babies and in adult patients, have been reported after ZIKV infection, especially after the 2015 epidemics in the American continent. The development or severity of these conditions cannot be fully predicted, but it is possible that genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors may contribute to determine ZIKV infection outcomes. This reinforces the importance that individuals exposed to ZIKV are submitted to long-term clinical surveillance and highlights the urgent need for the development of therapeutic approaches to reduce or eliminate the neurological burden of infection. Here, we review the epidemiology of ZIKV-associated neurological complications and the role of factors that may influence disease outcome. Moreover, we discuss experimental and clinical evidence of drugs that have shown promising results in vitro or in vitro against viral replication and and/or ZIKV-induced neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isis N O Souza
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda G Q Barros-Aragão
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
| | - Paula S Frost
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
| | - Claudia P Figueiredo
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
| | - Julia R Clarke
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21944-590, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|