1
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Singh A, Karjagi C, Kaur S, Jeet G, Bhamare D, Gupta S, Kumar S, Das A, Gupta M, Chaudhary DP, Bhushan B, Jat BS, Kumar R, Dagla MC, Kumar M. Characterization of phi112, a Molecular Marker Tightly Linked to the o2 Gene of Maize, and Its Utilization in Multiplex PCR for Differentiating Normal Maize from QPM. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:531. [PMID: 36833458 PMCID: PMC9957476 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Quality Protein Maize (QPM) contains higher amounts of essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan. The QPM phenotype is based on regulating zein protein synthesis by opaque2 transcription factor. Many gene modifiers act to optimize the amino acid content and agronomic performance. An SSR marker, phi112, is present upstream of the opaque2 DNA gene. Its analysis has shown the presence of transcription factor activity. The functional associations of opaque2 have been determined. The putative transcription factor binding at phi112 marked DNA was identified through computational analysis. The present study is a step towards understanding the intricate network of molecular interactions that fine-tune the QPM genotype to influence maize protein quality. In addition, a multiplex PCR assay for differentiation of QPM from normal maize is shown, which can be used for Quality Control at various stages of the QPM value chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Chikkappa Karjagi
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sehgeet Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Gagan Jeet
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Deepak Bhamare
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Sonu Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Abhijit Das
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Mamta Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - D. P. Chaudhary
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - B. S. Jat
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - M. C. Dagla
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- ICAR—Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
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2
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Nutritional composition of maize grain associated with phosphorus and zinc fertilization. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Combined Hybridization and Evaluation of High-Lysine Rice: Nutritional and Physicochemical Qualities and Field Performance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012166. [PMID: 36293019 PMCID: PMC9603072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice, as a major food crop, provides necessary energy and nutrition for humans and livestock. However, its nutritional value is affected by lysine. Using point mutation, we previously obtained AK2 (aspartokinase) and DHDPS1 (dihydrodipicolinate synthase) genes insensitive to lysine feedback inhibition and constructed transgenic lines AK2-52 and DHDPS1-22, which show increased lysine synthesis, as well as Ri-12, which shows decreased lysine degradation by inhibiting rice lysine ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase (LKR/SDH) activity. In this study, further transgenic lines were hybridized and evaluated. The lysine content of mature seeds from pyramid lines PRD and PRA increased 32.5- and 29.8-fold, respectively, compared with the wild-type, while the three-gene pyramiding line PRDA had a moderate lysine content. The total lysine, total free lysine, and total protein contents of PRD and PRA also increased and had no obvious impact on the physical and chemical quality, seed appearance, and main agronomic traits. Meanwhile, comparative analysis with polygenic polymeric lines GR containing bacterial AK (lysC) and DHDPS (dapA) genes revealed differences in the way bacterial and endogenous rice AK and DHDPS regulate lysine biosynthesis. These results provide a reference for further evaluation and commercialization of high-lysine transgenic rice.
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4
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Li C, Ma W, Jin L, Song R, Qi W. Endosperm-specific accumulation of human α-lactalbumin increases seed lysine content in maize. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:2023-2035. [PMID: 35918456 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated high expression and accumulation of human α-lactalbumin in transgenic maize, and significant improvement of lysine content in maize endosperm. As a high-yield crop, lack of lysine in endosperm storage protein is a major defect of maize (Zea mays L.). Specifically expression of foreign proteins is a potential way to improve lysine content in maize endosperm. Human α-lactalbumin is such a protein with high lysine content and high nutritional value. In this study, the codon-optimized human lactalbumin alpha (LALBA) gene was driven by maize endosperm-specific 27 kD γ-zein promoter, and transformed into maize. Five independent transgenic lines were obtained, and LALBA was highly expressed in endosperm in all these lines. Protein assay indicated that human α-lactalbumin was highly accumulated in maize endosperm. Immuno-localization assay indicated that human α-lactalbumin was mainly deposited into the protein body (PB). Protein interaction assay showed that human α-lactalbumin interacted with 16 kD γ-zein, which might lead to its deposition to the PBs. Amino acid analysis of two independent transgenic lines showed significant increase of lysine contents in transgenic endosperm, with 47.26% and 45.15% increase to their non-transgenic seeds, respectively. We obtained transgenic maize with endosperm-specific accumulation of human α-lactalbumin at high level and increased the lysine content in maize endosperm. This study demonstrated an effective way to improve the nutritional value of maize seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwanli Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lifang Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Rentao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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5
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Liu KH, Owens JA, Saeedi B, Cohen CE, Bellissimo MP, Naudin C, Darby T, Druzak S, Maner-Smith K, Orr M, Hu X, Fernandes J, Camacho MC, Hunter-Chang S, VanInsberghe D, Ma C, Ganesh T, Yeligar SM, Uppal K, Go YM, Alvarez JA, Vos MB, Ziegler TR, Woodworth MH, Kraft CS, Jones RM, Ortlund E, Neish AS, Jones DP. Microbial metabolite delta-valerobetaine is a diet-dependent obesogen. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1694-1705. [PMID: 34931082 PMCID: PMC8711632 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders are linked to the intestinal microbiome. However, the causality of changes in the microbiome-host interaction affecting energy metabolism remains controversial. Here, we show the microbiome-derived metabolite δ-valerobetaine (VB) is a diet-dependent obesogen that is increased with phenotypic obesity and is correlated with visceral adipose tissue mass in humans. VB is absent in germ-free mice and their mitochondria but present in ex-germ-free conventionalized mice and their mitochondria. Mechanistic studies in vivo and in vitro show VB is produced by diverse bacterial species and inhibits mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation through decreasing cellular carnitine and mitochondrial long-chain acyl-coenzyme As. VB administration to germ-free and conventional mice increases visceral fat mass and exacerbates hepatic steatosis with a western diet but not control diet. Thus, VB provides a molecular target to understand and potentially manage microbiome-host symbiosis or dysbiosis in diet-dependent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken H Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joshua A Owens
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bejan Saeedi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Catherine E Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Moriah P Bellissimo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Crystal Naudin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Trevor Darby
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samuel Druzak
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristal Maner-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Orr
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jolyn Fernandes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mary Catherine Camacho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Hunter-Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David VanInsberghe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chunyu Ma
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thota Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Karan Uppal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Miriam B Vos
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas R Ziegler
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael H Woodworth
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Colleen S Kraft
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rheinallt M Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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6
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Scharff LB, Saltenis VLR, Jensen PE, Baekelandt A, Burgess AJ, Burow M, Ceriotti A, Cohan J, Geu‐Flores F, Halkier BA, Haslam RP, Inzé D, Klein Lankhorst R, Murchie EH, Napier JA, Nacry P, Parry MAJ, Santino A, Scarano A, Sparvoli F, Wilhelm R, Pribil M. Prospects to improve the nutritional quality of crops. Food Energy Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lars B. Scharff
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Vandasue L. R. Saltenis
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Meike Burow
- DynaMo Center Copenhagen Plant Science Centre Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Aldo Ceriotti
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology National Research Council (CNR) Milan Italy
| | | | - Fernando Geu‐Flores
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Barbara Ann Halkier
- DynaMo Center Copenhagen Plant Science Centre Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | | | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - René Klein Lankhorst
- Wageningen Plant Research Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Erik H. Murchie
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
| | | | - Philippe Nacry
- BPMPUniv MontpellierINRAECNRSMontpellier SupAgro Montpellier France
| | | | - Angelo Santino
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA) National Research Council (CNR) Lecce Italy
| | - Aurelia Scarano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA) National Research Council (CNR) Lecce Italy
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- DynaMo Center Copenhagen Plant Science Centre Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Ralf Wilhelm
- Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology Julius Kühn‐Institut – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Quedlinburg Germany
| | - Mathias Pribil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
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7
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Sun X, Ma L, Lux PE, Wang X, Stuetz W, Frank J, Liang J. The distribution of phosphorus, carotenoids and tocochromanols in grains of four Chinese maize (Zea mays L.) varieties. Food Chem 2021; 367:130725. [PMID: 34390908 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Grains of three specialty maize varieties and one conventional maize variety cultivated in China were collected and dissected to obtain the germ, endosperm, and pericarp fraction, and the distribution pattern of phosphorus, carotenoids, and tocochromanols was determined. The results showed that phytochemical contents varied significantly among different maize fractions. The germ fraction accounted for 78.3 to 86.5% of the total phosphorus present in the maize kernels. Over 86.9% of carotenoids were located in the endosperm. Except for waxy maize, 64.5 to 74.8% of the tocochromanols were contributed by the germ. Considerable differences in phytochemical contents were observed between the genotypes. Waxy maize contained the highest content of tocopherols, tocotrienols and tocochromanols meanwhile waxy maize had the lowest carotenoid and phytate phosphorus content. High lysine maize contained the highest levels in carotenoids and lowest tocochromanols. Over all, total carotenoids were significantly inversely associated with total tocochromanols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lei Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Peter E Lux
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xuan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Wolfgang Stuetz
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jianfen Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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8
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Yang Q, Yu W, Wu H, Zhang C, Sun SS, Liu Q. Lysine biofortification in rice by modulating feedback inhibition of aspartate kinase and dihydrodipicolinate synthase. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:490-501. [PMID: 32945115 PMCID: PMC7955878 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lysine is the main limiting essential amino acid (EAA) in the rice seeds, which is a major energy and nutrition source for humans and livestock. In higher plants, the rate-limiting steps in lysine biosynthesis pathway are catalysed by two key enzymes, aspartate kinase (AK) and dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS), and both are extremely sensitive to feedback inhibition by lysine. In this study, two rice AK mutants (AK1 and AK2) and five DHDPS mutants (DHDPS1-DHDPS5), all single amino acid substitution, were constructed. Their protein sequences passed an allergic sequence-based homology alignment. Mutant proteins were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, and all were insensitive to the lysine analog S-(2-aminoethyl)-l-cysteine (AEC) at concentrations up to 12 mm. The AK and DHDPS mutants were transformed into rice, and free lysine was elevated in mature seeds of transgenic plants, especially those expressing AK2 or DHDPS1, 6.6-fold and 21.7-fold higher than the wild-type (WT) rice, respectively. We then engineered 35A2D1L plants by simultaneously expressing modified AK2 and DHDPS1, and inhibiting rice LKR/SDH (lysine ketoglutaric acid reductase/saccharopine dehydropine dehydrogenase). Free lysine levels in two 35A2D1L transgenic lines were 58.5-fold and 39.2-fold higher than in WT and transgenic rice containing native AK and DHDPS, respectively. Total free amino acid and total protein content were also elevated in 35A2D1L transgenic rice. Additionally, agronomic performance analysis indicated that transgenic lines exhibited normal plant growth, development and seed appearance comparable to WT plants. Thus, AK and DHDPS mutants may be used to improve the nutritional quality of rice and other cereal grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Wai‐Han Yu
- State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Hong‐Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Chang‐Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Samuel Sai‐Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of AgrobiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Qiao‐Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety of the Ministry of EducationYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
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9
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Hasan MM, Rima R. Genetic engineering to improve essential and conditionally essential amino acids in maize: transporter engineering as a reference. Transgenic Res 2021; 30:207-220. [PMID: 33583006 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-021-00235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ruminants and humans are unable to synthesize essential amino acids (EAAs) and conditionally essential amino acids (CEAAs) under normal conditions and need to acquire them from plant sources. Maize plays, as a major crop, a central role in global food security. However, maize is deficient in several EAAs and CEAAs. Genetic engineering has been successfully used to enrich the EAA content of maize to some extent, including the content of Lys, Trp, and Met. However, research on other EAAs is lacking. Genetic engineering provides several viable approaches for increasing the EAA content in maize, including transformation of a single gene, transformation of multiple genes in a single cassette, overexpression of putative amino acid transporters, engineering the amino acid biosynthesis pathway including silencing of feedback inhibition enzymes, and overexpression of major enzymes in this pathway. These challenging processes require a deep understanding of the biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of individual amino acids, and the interaction of individual amino acids with other metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.
- The Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Rima Rima
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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10
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Li D, Li CY, Hu CJ, Yang YS, Lin C, Zhao D, Li QS, Ye JH, Zheng XQ, Liang YR, Lu JL. Study on the Accumulation Mechanism of Amino Acids during Bruising and Withering Treatment of Oolong Tea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14071-14080. [PMID: 33196171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are very important for oolong tea brisk-smooth mouthfeel which is mainly associated with bruising and withering treatment (BWT). In this study, metabolome and transcriptome analyses were performed to comprehensively investigate the changes in abundance of amino acids and the expression pattern of relevant genes during BWT of oolong tea manufacturing. Levels of most amino acids increased during BWT in the leaves harvested from 4 cultivars, while expression of the relevant function genes responsible for synthesis and transformation of amino acids up-regulated accordingly. Upstream hub genes including receptor-like protein kinase IKU2, serine/threonine-protein kinase PBL11, MYB transcription factor MYB2, ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF114, WRKY transcription factor WRKY71, aspartate aminotransferase AATC, UDP-glycosyltransferase U91D1, and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate aldolase 2 RRAA2, were predicted to be involved in regulation of the function genes expression and the amino acids metabolism through weighted gene coexpression network analysis. A modulation mechanism for accumulation of amino acids during BWT was also proposed. These findings give a deep insight into the metabolic reprogramming mechanism of amino acids during BWT of oolong tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Li
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Cun-Yu Li
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Ci-Jie Hu
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- Nanyang Township Government, Zhangping County, Longyan 364413, Fujian Province P.R. China
| | - Yu-Si Yang
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Chen Lin
- Hangzhou Westlake Subdistrict Office, Hangzhou 310007, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Sheng Li
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Zhejiang University Tea Research Institute, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
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11
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Kaur R, Kaur G, Vikal Y, Gill GK, Sharma S, Singh J, Dhariwal GK, Gulati A, Kaur A, Kumar A, Chawla JS. Genetic enhancement of essential amino acids for nutritional enrichment of maize protein quality through marker assisted selection. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2243-2254. [PMID: 33268926 PMCID: PMC7688887 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00897-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Maize grain protein is deficient in two essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophan, defining it as of low nutritive value. The discovery of opaque2 (o2) gene has led to the development of quality protein maize (QPM) that has enhanced levels of essential amino acids over normal maize. However, the adoption of QPM is still very limited. The present study aims at improving the quality of normal four maize inbred lines (LM11, LM12, LM13 and LM14) of single cross hybrids; Buland (LM11 × LM12) and PMH1 (LM13 × LM14) released in India for different agro-climatic zones by introgressing o2 allele along-with modifiers using marker assisted backcross breeding. Both foreground and background selection coupled with phenotypic selection were employed for selection of o2 specific allele and maximum recovery of the recurrent parent genome (87-90%) with minimum linkage drag across the crosses. The converted QPM lines had < 25% opaqueness which is close to the respective recurrent parents. The QPM versions showed high level of tryptophan content ranging from 0.72 to 1.03 across the four crosses. The newly developed best QPM lines were crossed in original combinations to generate QPM hybrids. The grain yield of improved QPM hybrids was at par and there was significant increase in tryptophan content over the original hybrids.The integrated marker assisted, and phenotypic selection approach holds promise to tackle complex genetics of QPM. The dissemination and adoption of improved QPM versions may help to counteract protein-energy malnutrition in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - Gurleen Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - Yogesh Vikal
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Gill
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - Sunita Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - Jagveer Singh
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | | | - Ankit Gulati
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Reginal Research Station, Gurdaspur, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jasbir Singh Chawla
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
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Lyzenga WJ, Harrington M, Bekkaoui D, Wigness M, Hegedus DD, Rozwadowski KL. CRISPR/Cas9 editing of three CRUCIFERIN C homoeologues alters the seed protein profile in Camelina sativa. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:292. [PMID: 31272394 PMCID: PMC6611024 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oilseed Camelina sativa is grown for a range of applications, including for biofuel, biolubricants, and as a source of omega-3 fatty acids for the aquaculture feed industry. The seed meal co-product is used as a source of protein for animal feed; however, the low value of the meal hinders profitability and more widespread application of camelina. The nutritional quality of the seed meal is largely determined by the abundance of specific seed storage proteins and their amino acid composition. Manipulation of seed storage proteins has been shown to be an effective means for either adjustment of nutritional content of seeds or for enhancing accumulation of high-value recombinant proteins in seeds. RESULTS CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology was used to generate deletions in the first exon of the three homoeologous genes encoding the seed storage protein CRUCIFERIN C (CsCRUC), creating an identical premature stop-codon in each and resulting in a CsCRUC knockout line. The mutant alleles were detected by applying a droplet digital PCR drop-off assay. The quantitative nature of this technique is particularly valuable when applied to polyploid species because it can accurately determine the number of mutated alleles in a gene family. Loss of CRUC protein did not alter total seed protein content; however, the abundance of other cruciferin isoforms and other seed storage proteins was altered. Consequently, seed amino acid content was significantly changed with an increase in the proportion of alanine, cysteine and proline, and decrease of isoleucine, tyrosine and valine. CsCRUC knockout seeds did not have changed total oil content, but the fatty acid profile was significantly altered with increased relative abundance of all saturated fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the plasticity of the camelina seed proteome and establishes a CRUC-devoid line, providing a framework for modifying camelina seed protein composition. The results also illustrate a possible link between the composition of the seed proteome and fatty acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy J. Lyzenga
- Present address: Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4J8 Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2 Canada
| | - Myrtle Harrington
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2 Canada
| | - Diana Bekkaoui
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2 Canada
| | - Merek Wigness
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2 Canada
| | - Dwayne D. Hegedus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2 Canada
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8 Canada
| | - Kevin L. Rozwadowski
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2 Canada
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Cavalcanti JHF, Kirma M, Barros JAS, Quinhones CGS, Pereira-Lima ÍA, Obata T, Nunes-Nesi A, Galili G, Fernie AR, Avin-Wittenberg T, Araújo WL. An L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase mutation leads to metabolic shifts and growth inhibition in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:5489-5506. [PMID: 30215754 PMCID: PMC6255705 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lysine (Lys) connects the mitochondrial electron transport chain to amino acid catabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. However, our understanding of how a deficiency in Lys biosynthesis impacts plant metabolism and growth remains limited. Here, we used a previously characterized Arabidopsis mutant (dapat) with reduced activity of the Lys biosynthesis enzyme L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase to investigate the physiological and metabolic impacts of impaired Lys biosynthesis. Despite displaying similar stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration, we observed reduced photosynthesis and growth in the dapat mutant. Surprisingly, whilst we did not find differences in dark respiration between genotypes, a lower storage and consumption of starch and sugars was observed in dapat plants. We found higher protein turnover but no differences in total amino acids during a diurnal cycle in dapat plants. Transcriptional and two-dimensional (isoelectric focalization/SDS-PAGE) proteome analyses revealed alterations in the abundance of several transcripts and proteins associated with photosynthesis and photorespiration coupled with a high glycine/serine ratio and increased levels of stress-responsive amino acids. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that biochemical alterations rather than stomatal limitations are responsible for the decreased photosynthesis and growth of the dapat mutant, which we hypothesize mimics stress conditions associated with impairments in the Lys biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Henrique F Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Max-Planck-partner group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Menny Kirma
- Department of Plant Science, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jessica A S Barros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Max-Planck-partner group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carla G S Quinhones
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Max-Planck-partner group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ítalo A Pereira-Lima
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Max-Planck-partner group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Max-Planck-partner group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gad Galili
- Department of Plant Science, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Tamar Avin-Wittenberg
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem Israel
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Max-Planck-partner group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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MEDICI LEONARDOO, GONÇALVES FABÍOLAV, FONSECA MARCOSPAULOSDA, GAZIOLA SALETEA, SCHMIDT DAIANA, AZEVEDO RICARDOA, PIMENTEL CARLOS. Growth, Yield and Grain Nutritional Quality in Three Brazilian Pearl Millets (Pennisetum americanum L.) with African or Indian origins. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:1749-1758. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Yang QQ, Suen PK, Zhang CQ, Mak WS, Gu MH, Liu QQ, Sun SSM. Improved growth performance, food efficiency, and lysine availability in growing rats fed with lysine-biofortified rice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1389. [PMID: 28465621 PMCID: PMC5430985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice is an excellent source of protein, and has an adequate balance of amino acids with the exception of the essential amino acid lysine. By using a combined enhancement of lysine synthesis and suppression of its catabolism, we had produced two transgenic rice lines HFL1 and HFL2 (High Free Lysine) containing high concentration of free lysine. In this study, a 70-day rat feeding study was conducted to assess the nutritional value of two transgenic lines as compared with either their wild type (WT) or the WT rice supplemented with different concentrations of L-lysine. The results revealed that animal performance, including body weight, food intake, and food efficiency, was greater in the HFL groups than in the WT group. Moreover, the HFL diets had increased protein apparent digestibility, protein efficiency ratio, and lysine availability than the WT diet. Based on the linear relationship between dietary L-lysine concentrations and animal performance, it indicated that the biological indexes of the HFL groups were similar or better than that of the WT20 group, which was supplemented with L-lysine concentrations similar to those present in the HFL diets. Therefore, lysine-biofortified rice contributed to improved growth performance, food efficiency, and lysine availability in growing rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui Kit Suen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chang-Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wan Sheung Mak
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Hong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qiao-Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Samuel Sai-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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16
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ALCÂNTARA BERENICEK, RIZZI VANESSA, GAZIOLA SALETEA, AZEVEDO RICARDOA. Soluble amino acid profile, mineral nutrient and carbohydrate content of maize kernels harvested from plants submitted to ascorbic acid seed priming. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 89:695-704. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Yang QQ, He XY, Wu HY, Zhang CQ, Zou SY, Lang TQ, Sun SSM, Liu QQ. Subchronic feeding study of high-free-lysine transgenic rice in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:214-222. [PMID: 28442410 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysine is considered to be the first essential amino acid in rice. An elite High-Free-Lysine transgenic line HFL1 was previously produced by metabolic engineering to regulate lysine metabolism. In this study, a 90-day toxicology experiment was undertaken to investigate the potential health effect of feeding different doses of HFL1 rice to Sprague-Dawley rats. During the trial, body weight gain, food consumption and food efficiency were recorded, and no adverse effect was observed in rats fed transgenic (T) rice diets compared with non-transgenic (N) or control diets. At both midterm and final assessments, hematological parameters and serum chemistry were measured, and organ weights and histopathology were examined at the end of the trial. There was no diet-related difference in most hematological or serum chemistry parameters or organ weights between rats fed the T diets and those fed the N or control diets. Some parameters were found to differ between T groups and their corresponding N and/or control groups, but no adverse histological effect was observed. Taken together, the data from the current trial demonstrates that high lysine transgenic rice led to no adverse effect in Sprague-Dawley rats given a diet containing up to 70% HFL1 rice in 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Yun He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chang-Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shi-Ying Zou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tian-Qi Lang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Samuel Sai-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Qiao-Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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18
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Yang QQ, Zhang CQ, Chan ML, Zhao DS, Chen JZ, Wang Q, Li QF, Yu HX, Gu MH, Sun SSM, Liu QQ. Biofortification of rice with the essential amino acid lysine: molecular characterization, nutritional evaluation, and field performance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4285-96. [PMID: 27252467 PMCID: PMC5301931 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a major staple crop worldwide, has limited levels of the essential amino acid lysine. We previously produced engineered rice with increased lysine content by expressing bacterial aspartate kinase and dihydrodipicolinate synthase and inhibiting rice lysine ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase activity. However, the grain quality, field performance, and integration patterns of the transgenes in these lysine-enriched lines remain unclear. In the present study, we selected several elite transgenic lines with endosperm-specific or constitutive regulation of the above key enzymes but lacking the selectable marker gene. All target transgenes were integrated into the intragenic region in the rice genome. Two pyramid transgenic lines (High Free Lysine; HFL1 and HFL2) with free lysine levels in seeds up to 25-fold that of wild type were obtained via a combination of the above two transgenic events. We observed a dramatic increase in total free amino acids and a slight increase in total protein content in both pyramid lines. Moreover, the general physicochemical properties were improved in pyramid transgenic rice, but the starch composition was not affected. Field trials indicated that the growth of HFL transgenic rice was normal, except for a slight difference in plant height and grain colour. Taken together, these findings will be useful for the potential commercialization of high-lysine transgenic rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chang-Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Man-Ling Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Zhu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Heng-Xiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Samuel Sai-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiao-Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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19
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Galili G, Amir R, Fernie AR. The Regulation of Essential Amino Acid Synthesis and Accumulation in Plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 67:153-78. [PMID: 26735064 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-112213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although amino acids are critical for all forms of life, only proteogenic amino acids that humans and animals cannot synthesize de novo and therefore must acquire in their diets are classified as essential. Nine amino acids-lysine, methionine, threonine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, valine, isoleucine, leucine, and histidine-fit this definition. Despite their nutritional importance, several of these amino acids are present in limiting quantities in many of the world's major crops. In recent years, a combination of reverse genetic and biochemical approaches has been used to define the genes encoding the enzymes responsible for synthesizing, degrading, and regulating these amino acids. In this review, we describe recent advances in our understanding of the metabolism of the essential amino acids, discuss approaches for enhancing their levels in plants, and appraise efforts toward their biofortification in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gad Galili
- Department of Plant Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Rachel Amir
- Laboratory of Plant Science, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel;
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;
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Dahro B, Wang F, Peng T, Liu JH. PtrA/NINV, an alkaline/neutral invertase gene of Poncirus trifoliata, confers enhanced tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses by modulating ROS levels and maintaining photosynthetic efficiency. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 27025596 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkaline/neutral invertase (A/N-INV), an enzyme that hydrolyzes sucrose irreversibly into glucose and fructose, is essential for normal plant growth,development, and stress tolerance. However, the physiological and/or molecular mechanism underpinning the role of A/N-INV in abiotic stress tolerance is poorly understood. RESULTS In this report, an A/N-INV gene (PtrA/NINV) was isolated from Poncirus trifoliata, a cold-hardy relative of citrus, and functionally characterized. PtrA/NINV expression levels were induced by cold, salt, dehydration, sucrose, and ABA, but decreased by glucose. PtrA/NINV was found to localize in both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Overexpression of PtrA/NINV conferred enhanced tolerance to multiple stresses, including cold, high salinity, and drought, as supported by lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced oxidative damages, decreased water loss rate, and increased photosynthesis efficiency, relative to wild-type (WT). The transgenic plants exhibited higher A/N-INV activity and greater reducing sugar content under normal and stress conditions. CONCLUSIONS PtrA/NINV is an important gene implicated in sucrose decomposition, and plays a positive role in abiotic stress tolerance by promoting osmotic adjustment, ROS detoxification and photosynthesis efficiency. Thus, PtrA/NINV has great potential to be used in transgenic breeding for improvement of stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachar Dahro
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Sparvoli F, Laureati M, Pilu R, Pagliarini E, Toschi I, Giuberti G, Fortunati P, Daminati MG, Cominelli E, Bollini R. Exploitation of Common Bean Flours with Low Antinutrient Content for Making Nutritionally Enhanced Biscuits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:928. [PMID: 27446157 PMCID: PMC4921496 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of legumes is associated with a number of physiological and health benefits. Legume proteins complement very well those of cereals and are often used to produce gluten-free products. However, legume seeds often contain antinutritional compounds, such as phytate, galactooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds, lectins, enzyme inhibitors, whose presence could affect their nutritional value. Screening natural and induced biodiversity for useful traits, followed by breeding, is a way to remove undesirable components. We used the common bean cv. Lady Joy and the lpa1 mutant line, having different seed composition for absence/presence of lectins,α-amylase inhibitor, (α-AI) and phytic acid, to verify the advantage of their use to make biscuits with improved nutritional properties. We showed that use of unprocessed flour from normal beans (Taylor's Horticulture and Billò) must be avoided, since lectin activity is still present after baking, and demonstrated the advantage of using the cv. Lady Joy, lacking active lectins and having active α-AI. To assess the contribution of bean flour to biscuit quality traits, different formulations of composite flours (B12, B14, B22, B24, B29) were used in combinations with wheat (B14), maize (gluten-free B22 and B29), or with both (B12 and B24). These biscuits were nutritionally better than the control, having a better amino acid score, higher fiber amount, lower predicted glycemic index (pGI) and starch content. Replacement of cv. Lady Joy bean flour with that of lpa1, having a 90% reduction of phytic acid and devoid of α-AI, contributed to about a 50% reduction of phytic acid content. We also showed that baking did not fully inactivate α-AI, further contributing to lowering the pGI of the biscuits. Finally, data from a blind taste test using consumers indicated that the B14 biscuit was accepted by consumers and comparable in terms of liking to the control biscuit, although the acceptability of these products decreased with the increase of bean content. The B22 gluten-free biscuits, although received liking scores that were just above the middle point of the hedonic scale, might represent a good compromise between health benefits (absence of gluten and lower pGI), expectations of celiac consumers and likeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sparvoli
- CNR, Institute of Agricultural Biology and BiotechnologyMilan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesca Sparvoli
| | - Monica Laureati
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Roberto Pilu
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Ella Pagliarini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Ivan Toschi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giuberti
- Alimentari e Ambientali, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenza, Italy
| | - Paola Fortunati
- Alimentari e Ambientali, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuorePiacenza, Italy
| | - Maria G. Daminati
- CNR, Institute of Agricultural Biology and BiotechnologyMilan, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Bollini
- CNR, Institute of Agricultural Biology and BiotechnologyMilan, Italy
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Liu C, Li S, Yue J, Xiao W, Zhao Q, Zhu D, Yu J. Microtubule-Associated Protein SBgLR Facilitates Storage Protein Deposition and Its Expression Leads to Lysine Content Increase in Transgenic Maize Endosperm. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29772-86. [PMID: 26703573 PMCID: PMC4691142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) seed is deficient in protein and lysine content. Many studies have been made to improve the nutritional quality of maize seeds. Previously, we reported the role of a natural lysine-rich protein gene SBgLR in increasing protein and lysine content. However, how the SBgLR improves lysine and protein content remains unclear. Here, the reasons and possible mechanism for SBgLR in protein and lysine improvement have been analyzed and discussed. Through seed-specific expression of SBgLR, we obtained transgenic maize with the simultaneously increased lysine and protein contents. High-protein and high-lysine characters were stably inherited across generations. The expression of SBgLR in maize kernels increased the accumulation of both zeins and non-zein proteins. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the number of protein bodies (PBs) was increased obviously in SBgLR transgenic immature endosperms with the morphology and structure of PBs unchanged. The proteinaceous matrix was more abundant in transgenic mature endosperms under scanning electron microscopy. The stabilities of zein and lysine-rich non-zein genes were also increased in transgenic endosperms. Finally, the potential application of SBgLR in maize nutrient improvement was evaluated. This study shows that a cytoskeleton-associated protein has potential applicable value in crop nutrient improving, and provided a feasible strategy for improvement of maize grain quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Shixue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jing Yue
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wenhan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Dengyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jingjuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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23
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Chang Y, Shen E, Wen L, Yu J, Zhu D, Zhao Q. Seed-Specific Expression of the Arabidopsis AtMAP18 Gene Increases both Lysine and Total Protein Content in Maize. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142952. [PMID: 26580206 PMCID: PMC4651559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine is the most limiting essential amino acid for animal nutrition in maize grains. Expression of naturally lysine-rich protein genes can increase the lysine and protein contents in maize seeds. AtMAP18 from Arabidopsis thaliana encoding a microtubule-associated protein with high-lysine content was introduced into the maize genome with the seed-specific promoter F128. The protein and lysine contents of different transgenic offspring were increased prominently in the six continuous generations investigated. Expression of AtMAP18 increased both zein and non-zein protein in the transgenic endosperm. Compared with the wild type, more protein bodies were observed in the endosperm of transgenic maize. These results implied that, as a cytoskeleton binding protein, AtMAP18 facilitated the formation of protein bodies, which led to accumulation of both zein and non-zein proteins in the transgenic maize grains. Furthermore, F1 hybrid lines with high lysine, high protein and excellent agronomic traits were obtained by hybridizing T6 transgenic offspring with other wild type inbred lines. This article provides evidence supporting the use of cytoskeleton-associated proteins to improve the nutritional value of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Erli Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liuying Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dengyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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24
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Hildebrandt TM, Nunes Nesi A, Araújo WL, Braun HP. Amino Acid Catabolism in Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1563-79. [PMID: 26384576 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 555] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids have various prominent functions in plants. Besides their usage during protein biosynthesis, they also represent building blocks for several other biosynthesis pathways and play pivotal roles during signaling processes as well as in plant stress response. In general, pool sizes of the 20 amino acids differ strongly and change dynamically depending on the developmental and physiological state of the plant cell. Besides amino acid biosynthesis, which has already been investigated in great detail, the catabolism of amino acids is of central importance for adjusting their pool sizes but so far has drawn much less attention. The degradation of amino acids can also contribute substantially to the energy state of plant cells under certain physiological conditions, e.g. carbon starvation. In this review, we discuss the biological role of amino acid catabolism and summarize current knowledge on amino acid degradation pathways and their regulation in the context of plant cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana M Hildebrandt
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Adriano Nunes Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
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25
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Birla DS, Malik K, Sainger M, Chaudhary D, Jaiwal R, Jaiwal PK. Progress and challenges in improving the nutritional quality of rice (Oryza sativaL.). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:2455-2481. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1084992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deep Shikha Birla
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Kapil Malik
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Manish Sainger
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Darshna Chaudhary
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Ranjana Jaiwal
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Pawan K. Jaiwal
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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26
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Gayral M, Bakan B, Dalgalarrondo M, Elmorjani K, Delluc C, Brunet S, Linossier L, Morel MH, Marion D. Lipid partitioning in maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm highlights relationships among starch lipids, amylose, and vitreousness. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3551-3558. [PMID: 25794198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Content and composition of maize endosperm lipids and their partition in the floury and vitreous regions were determined for a set of inbred lines. Neutral lipids, i.e., triglycerides and free fatty acids, accounted for more than 80% of endosperm lipids and are almost 2 times higher in the floury than in the vitreous regions. The composition of endosperm lipids, including their fatty acid unsaturation levels, as well as their distribution may be related to metabolic specificities of the floury and vitreous regions in carbon and nitrogen storage and to the management of stress responses during endosperm cell development. Remarkably, the highest contents of starch lipids were observed systematically within the vitreous endosperm. These high amounts of starch lipids were mainly due to lysophosphatidylcholine and were tightly linked to the highest amylose content. Consequently, the formation of amylose-lysophosphatidylcholine complexes has to be considered as an outstanding mechanism affecting endosperm vitreousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Gayral
- †INRA, Biopolymers, Interactions, Assemblies Research Unit, La Géraudière 44316 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Bénédicte Bakan
- †INRA, Biopolymers, Interactions, Assemblies Research Unit, La Géraudière 44316 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Michele Dalgalarrondo
- †INRA, Biopolymers, Interactions, Assemblies Research Unit, La Géraudière 44316 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Khalil Elmorjani
- †INRA, Biopolymers, Interactions, Assemblies Research Unit, La Géraudière 44316 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | | | - Sylvie Brunet
- §Limagrain Cereal Ingredients ZAC Les Portes de Riom, Avenue George Gershwin 63200 RIOM Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Linossier
- §Limagrain Cereal Ingredients ZAC Les Portes de Riom, Avenue George Gershwin 63200 RIOM Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Morel
- ∥INRA, Agropolymers Engineering and Emerging Technologies, 2 place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 02, France
| | - Didier Marion
- †INRA, Biopolymers, Interactions, Assemblies Research Unit, La Géraudière 44316 Nantes Cedex 3, France
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27
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Li C, Qiao Z, Qi W, Wang Q, Yuan Y, Yang X, Tang Y, Mei B, Lv Y, Zhao H, Xiao H, Song R. Genome-wide characterization of cis-acting DNA targets reveals the transcriptional regulatory framework of opaque2 in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:532-45. [PMID: 25691733 PMCID: PMC4558662 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.134858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Opaque2 (O2) is a transcription factor that plays important roles during maize endosperm development. Mutation of the O2 gene improves the nutritional value of maize seeds but also confers pleiotropic effects that result in reduced agronomic quality. To reveal the transcriptional regulatory framework of O2, we studied the transcriptome of o2 mutants using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and determined O2 DNA binding targets using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-Seq). The RNA-Seq analysis revealed 1605 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 383 differentially expressed long, noncoding RNAs. The DEGs cover a wide range of functions related to nutrient reservoir activity, nitrogen metabolism, stress resistance, etc. ChIP-Seq analysis detected 1686 O2 DNA binding sites distributed over 1143 genes. Overlay of the RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq results revealed 35 O2-modulated target genes. We identified four O2 binding motifs; among them, TGACGTGG appears to be the most conserved and strongest. We confirmed that, except for the 16- and 18-kD zeins, O2 directly regulates expression of all other zeins. O2 directly regulates two transcription factors, genes linked to carbon and amino acid metabolism and abiotic stress resistance. We built a hierarchical regulatory model for O2 that provides an understanding of its pleiotropic biological effects.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- DNA, Plant/genetics
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Gene Ontology
- Genes, Plant
- Genome, Plant
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Nitrogen/metabolism
- Nucleotide Motifs/genetics
- Open Reading Frames/genetics
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Untranslated/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic
- Zea mays/genetics
- Zein/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhenyi Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China Coordinated Crop Biology Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuanping Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bing Mei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuanda Lv
- Institute of Biotechnology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Han Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics/CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rentao Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China Coordinated Crop Biology Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
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28
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Schmidt D, Rizzi V, Gaziola SA, Medici LO, Vincze E, Kozak M, Lea PJ, Azevedo RA. Lysine metabolism in antisense C-hordein barley grains. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 87:73-83. [PMID: 25559386 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The grain proteins of barley are deficient in lysine and threonine due to their low concentrations in the major storage protein class, the hordeins, especially in the C-hordein subgroup. Previously produced antisense C-hordein transgenic barley lines have an improved amino acid composition, with increased lysine, methionine and threonine contents. The objective of the study was to investigate the possible changes in the regulation of key enzymes of the aspartate metabolic pathway and the contents of aspartate-derived amino acids in the nontransgenic line (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Golden Promise) and five antisense C-hordein transgenic barley lines. Considering the amounts of soluble and protein-bound aspartate-derived amino acids together with the analysis of key enzymes of aspartate metabolic pathway, we suggest that the C-hordein suppression did not only alter the metabolism of at least one aspartate-derived amino acid (threonine), but major changes were also detected in the metabolism of lysine and methionine. Modifications in the activities and regulation of aspartate kinase, dihydrodipicolinate synthase and homoserine dehydrogenase were observed in most transgenic lines. Furthermore the activities of lysine α-ketoglutarate reductase and saccharopine dehydrogenase were also altered, although the extent varied among the transgenic lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Schmidt
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba CEP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Rizzi
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba CEP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Salete A Gaziola
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba CEP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo O Medici
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica CEP 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Eva Vincze
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, University of Aarhus, Forsoegsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Marcin Kozak
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-766 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter J Lea
- Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo A Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba CEP 13418-900, Brazil.
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29
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Mariscal-Landín G, Reis de Souza TC, Ramírez Rodríguez E. Metabolizable energy, nitrogen balance, and ileal digestibility of amino acids in quality protein maize for pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2014; 5:26. [PMID: 25045520 PMCID: PMC4083335 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-5-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the nutritional value and digestibility of five quality protein maize (QPM) hybrids to that of white and yellow maize, two experiments were carried out in growing pigs. In experiment 1, the energy metabolizability and the nitrogen balance of growing pigs fed one of five QPM hybrid diets were compared against those of pigs fed white or yellow maize. In experiment 2, the apparent and standardized ileal digestibility (AID and SID, respectively) of proteins and amino acids from the five QPM hybrids were compared against those obtained from pigs fed white and yellow maize. In both experiments, the comparisons were conducted using contrasts. RESULTS The dry matter and nitrogen intakes were higher in the pigs fed the QPM hybrids (P < 0.05) than in the pigs fed white or yellow maize. Energy digestibility (P < 0.001) and metabolizability (P < 0.01) were higher in the pigs fed the white and yellow maize diets than in those fed the QPM diets. The AID of lysine was higher (P < 0.01) in the QPM diets than in the white and yellow maize. The AIDs of leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, and methionine were lower in the QPM diets than those of maize (white and yellow) (all P < 0.05). Maize (white and yellow) had greater SIDs of leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, serine, alanine, tyrosine, and proline (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, it was concluded that QPM had a lower metabolizable energy content and a higher amount of digestible lysine than normal maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Mariscal-Landín
- CENID Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, km 1 Carretera a Ajuchitlán, 76280 Querétaro, México
| | - Tércia Cesária Reis de Souza
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, México, Av. de las Ciencias s/n, 76230 Querétaro, México
| | - Ericka Ramírez Rodríguez
- CENID Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, km 1 Carretera a Ajuchitlán, 76280 Querétaro, México
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30
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Yue J, Li C, Zhao Q, Zhu D, Yu J. Seed-specific expression of a lysine-rich protein gene, GhLRP, from cotton significantly increases the lysine content in maize seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:5350-65. [PMID: 24681583 PMCID: PMC4013568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15045350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize seed storage proteins are a major source of human and livestock consumption. However, these proteins have poor nutritional value, because they are deficient in lysine and tryptophan. Much research has been done to elevate the lysine content by reducing zein content or regulating the activities of key enzymes in lysine metabolism. Using the naturally lysine-rich protein genes, sb401 and SBgLR, from potato, we previously increased the lysine and protein contents of maize seeds. Here, we examined another natural lysine-rich protein gene, GhLRP, from cotton, which increased the lysine content of transgenic maize seeds at levels varying from 16.2% to 65.0% relative to the wild-type. The total protein content was not distinctly different, except in the six transgenic lines. The lipid and starch levels did not differ substantially in Gossypium hirsutum L. lysine-rich protein (GhLRP) transgenic kernels when compared to wild-type. The agronomic characteristics of all the transgenic maize were also normal. GhLRP is a high-lysine protein candidate gene for increasing the lysine content of maize. This study provided a valuable model system for improving maize lysine content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Dengyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jingjuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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31
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Metabolic network flux analysis for engineering plant systems. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 24:247-55. [PMID: 23395406 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic network flux analysis (NFA) tools have proven themselves to be powerful aids to metabolic engineering of microbes by providing quantitative insights into the flows of material and energy through cellular systems. The development and application of NFA tools to plant systems has advanced in recent years and are yielding significant insights and testable predictions. Plants present substantial opportunities for the practical application of NFA but they also pose serious challenges related to the complexity of plant metabolic networks and to deficiencies in our knowledge of their structure and regulation. By considering the tools available and selected examples, this article attempts to assess where and how NFA is most likely to have a real impact on plant biotechnology.
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Galili G, Amir R. Fortifying plants with the essential amino acids lysine and methionine to improve nutritional quality. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2013; 11:211-22. [PMID: 23279001 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Humans, as well as farm animals, cannot synthesize a number of essential amino acids, which are critical for their survival. Hence, these organisms must obtain these essential amino acids from their diets. Cereal and legume crops, which represent the major food and feed sources for humans and livestock worldwide, possess limiting levels of some of these essential amino acids, particularly Lys and Met. Extensive efforts were made to fortify crop plants with these essential amino acids using traditional breeding and mutagenesis. However, aside from some results obtained with maize, none of these approaches was successful. Therefore, additional efforts using genetic engineering approaches concentrated on increasing the synthesis and reducing the catabolism of these essential amino acids and also on the expression of recombinant proteins enriched in them. In the present review, we discuss the basic biological aspects associated with the synthesis and accumulation of these amino acids in plants and also describe recent developments associated with the fortification of crop plants with essential amino acids by genetic engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gad Galili
- Department of Plant Science, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Morandini P. Control limits for accumulation of plant metabolites: brute force is no substitute for understanding. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2013; 11:253-267. [PMID: 23301840 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Which factors limit metabolite accumulation in plant cells? Are theories on flux control effective at explaining the results? Many biotechnologists cling to the idea that every pathway has a rate limiting enzyme and target such enzymes first in order to modulate fluxes. This often translates into large effects on metabolite concentration, but disappointing small increases in flux. Rate limiting enzymes do exist, but are rare and quite opposite to what predicted by biochemistry. In many cases however, flux control is shared among many enzymes. Flux control and concentration control can (and must) be distinguished and quantified for effective manipulation. Flux control for several 'building blocks' of metabolism is placed on the demand side, and therefore increasing demand can be very successful. Tampering with supply, particularly desensitizing supply enzymes, is usually not very effective, if not dangerous, because supply regulatory mechanisms function to control metabolite homeostasis. Some important, but usually unnoticed, metabolic constraints shape the responses of metabolic systems to manipulation: mass conservation, cellular resource allocation and, most prominently, energy supply, particularly in heterotrophic tissues. The theoretical basis for this view shall be explored with recent examples gathered from the manipulation of several metabolites (vitamins, carotenoids, amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, polyhydroxyalkanoates, fructans and sugar alcohols). Some guiding principles are suggested for an even more successful engineering of plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Morandini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan and CNR Institute of Biophysics, Milan, Italy.
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Arruda P, Neshich IP. Nutritional‐rich and stress‐tolerant crops by saccharopine pathway manipulation. Food Energy Secur 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Arruda
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, IB Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Izabella Pena Neshich
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
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Watanabe N, James MNG. Structural insights for the substrate recognition mechanism of LL-diaminopimelate aminotransferase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1814:1528-33. [PMID: 21435399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The enzymes involved in the lysine biosynthetic pathway have long been considered to be attractive targets for novel antibiotics due to the absence of this pathway in humans. Recently, a novel pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzyme called LL-diaminopimelate aminotransferase (LL-DAP-AT) was identified in the lysine biosynthetic pathway of plants and Chlamydiae. Understanding its function and substrate recognition mechanism would be an important initial step toward designing novel antibiotics targeting LL-DAP-AT. The crystal structures of LL-DAP-AT from Arabidopsis thaliana in complex with various substrates and analogues have been solved recently. These structures revealed how L-glutamate and LL-DAP are recognized by LL-DAP-AT without significant conformational changes in the enzyme's backbone structure. This review article summarizes the recent developments in the structural characterization and the inhibitor design of LL-DAP-AT from A. thaliana. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Pyridoxal Phospate Enzymology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Araújo WL, Ishizaki K, Nunes-Nesi A, Larson TR, Tohge T, Krahnert I, Witt S, Obata T, Schauer N, Graham IA, Leaver CJ, Fernie AR. Identification of the 2-hydroxyglutarate and isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenases as alternative electron donors linking lysine catabolism to the electron transport chain of Arabidopsis mitochondria. THE PLANT CELL 2010. [PMID: 20501910 DOI: 10.1105/tpc110075630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The process of dark-induced senescence in plants is relatively poorly understood, but a functional electron-transfer flavoprotein/electron-transfer flavoprotein:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF/ETFQO) complex, which supports respiration during carbon starvation, has recently been identified. Here, we studied the responses of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants deficient in the expression of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase and 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase to extended darkness and other environmental stresses. Evaluations of the mutant phenotypes following carbon starvation induced by extended darkness identify similarities to those exhibited by mutants of the ETF/ETFQO complex. Metabolic profiling and isotope tracer experimentation revealed that isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase is involved in degradation of the branched-chain amino acids, phytol, and Lys, while 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase is involved exclusively in Lys degradation. These results suggest that isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase is the more critical for alternative respiration and that a series of enzymes, including 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, plays a role in Lys degradation. Both physiological and metabolic phenotypes of the isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase and 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase mutants were not as severe as those observed for mutants of the ETF/ETFQO complex, indicating some functional redundancy of the enzymes within the process. Our results aid in the elucidation of the pathway of plant Lys catabolism and demonstrate that both isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase and 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase act as electron donors to the ubiquinol pool via an ETF/ETFQO-mediated route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner L Araújo
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Golm, Germany
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37
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Araújo WL, Ishizaki K, Nunes-Nesi A, Larson TR, Tohge T, Krahnert I, Witt S, Obata T, Schauer N, Graham IA, Leaver CJ, Fernie AR. Identification of the 2-hydroxyglutarate and isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenases as alternative electron donors linking lysine catabolism to the electron transport chain of Arabidopsis mitochondria. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:1549-63. [PMID: 20501910 PMCID: PMC2899879 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.075630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The process of dark-induced senescence in plants is relatively poorly understood, but a functional electron-transfer flavoprotein/electron-transfer flavoprotein:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF/ETFQO) complex, which supports respiration during carbon starvation, has recently been identified. Here, we studied the responses of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants deficient in the expression of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase and 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase to extended darkness and other environmental stresses. Evaluations of the mutant phenotypes following carbon starvation induced by extended darkness identify similarities to those exhibited by mutants of the ETF/ETFQO complex. Metabolic profiling and isotope tracer experimentation revealed that isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase is involved in degradation of the branched-chain amino acids, phytol, and Lys, while 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase is involved exclusively in Lys degradation. These results suggest that isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase is the more critical for alternative respiration and that a series of enzymes, including 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, plays a role in Lys degradation. Both physiological and metabolic phenotypes of the isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase and 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase mutants were not as severe as those observed for mutants of the ETF/ETFQO complex, indicating some functional redundancy of the enzymes within the process. Our results aid in the elucidation of the pathway of plant Lys catabolism and demonstrate that both isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase and 2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase act as electron donors to the ubiquinol pool via an ETF/ETFQO-mediated route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner L. Araújo
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | | | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Tony R. Larson
- Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5YW, United Kingdom
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Ina Krahnert
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Sandra Witt
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schauer
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Ian A. Graham
- Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5YW, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
- Address correspondence to
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