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Liu Y, Chen J, Wang S, Zhou X. Effects of two concentrations of dietary tribasic zinc sulfate on growth performance, gut morphology, and zinc transporter expression levels in pigs. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2910-2916. [PMID: 36137171 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2125402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Tribasic zinc sulfate (TBZ) is insoluble in water and chemically less active than zinc sulfate, making it more suitable to be used in pig diet. To investigate the effects of TBZ on the growth performance, gut morphology, and zinc transporter expression levels, we performed a single-factor experiment and 168 pigs were allocated to three groups with seven pens per treatment. Pigs were either fed a basal diet without zinc supplementation (control group), or a basal diet supplemented with TBZ at 100 mg/kg diet (LTBZ group) or 1000 mg/kg diet (HTBZ group). We found that daily weight gain and feed intake were higher in the LTBZ group than in the HTBZ and control groups. The pigs in the LTBZ group had a higher villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio when compared with other pigs. Moreover, the pigs in the LTBZ group exhibited higher mRNA expression levels of solute carrier family 39 and lower expression levels of solute carrier family 30 than those fed the HTBZ-supplemented diet. Together, these results indicate that TBZ may potentially be used as a dietary zinc source for young growing pigs and that dietary supplementation with LTBZ benefits growth performance and gut morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Changsha Xingjia Biotech Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | | | - Xihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Wang S, Wu S, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhou X. Effects of Different Levels of Organic Trace Minerals on Oxidative Status and Intestinal Function in Weanling Piglets. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:720-727. [PMID: 35229256 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to compare the effects of replacing inorganic trace minerals (ITM) with different levels of complex organic trace minerals (OTM) on the growth performance, oxidative status, and intestinal function of piglets. Weanling piglets were assigned to five groups: a control group fed a basal diet supplemented with inorganic trace minerals and the other four groups fed basal diets supplemented with different levels of OTMs. The results showed that diets supplemented with 50 ppm Fe, 30 ppm Zn, 15 ppm Mn, and 0.2 ppm Se from OTM (L-OTM), or with 75 ppm Fe, 45 ppm Zn, 22.5 ppm Mn, and 0.3 ppm Se from OTM (M-OTM) significantly decreased the diarrhea ratio in the piglets compared with those supplemented with 100 ppm Fe, 90 ppm Zn, 40 ppm Mn, and 0.4 ppm Se from ITM. Compared with those in the ITM group, the piglets in the M-OTM group had significantly higher serum CuZnSOD, MnSOD, and GSH-Px levels. Moreover, piglets in the L-OTM and M-OTM groups had higher Sod and Gpx gene expression than those in the ITM group. Additionally, piglets in the L-OTM and M-OTM groups had significantly higher villus height than those in the ITM group, and the M-OTM group piglets had lower serum diamine oxidase content and higher ileal ZO-1 and occludin protein expression levels than those in the ITM group. These results indicate that replacing dietary ITMs with OTMs could decrease diarrhea occurrence and improve the oxidative status and intestinal barrier function in weanling piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangchu Wang
- Changsha Xinjia Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Shujun Wu
- Changsha Xinjia Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Changsha Xinjia Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Changsha Xinjia Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
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Liu Y, Azad MAK, Zhao X, Zhu Q, Kong X. Dietary Protein Levels Modulate the Antioxidant Capacity during Different Growth Stages in Huanjiang Mini-Pigs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010148. [PMID: 36671010 PMCID: PMC9854851 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate crude protein (CP) levels in diets play potential roles in swine production. This study determined the impacts of different CP levels on the antioxidant capacity of pigs during different body weight (BW) stages. Three hundred and sixty Huanjiang mini-pigs were allocated to one of three independent experiments, including a 5−10 kg BW group, where CP levels included 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, and 22%; a 10−20 kg BW group, where CP levels included 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, and 20%; and a 20−30 kg BW group, where CP levels included 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, and 18%. These independent experiments were conducted for 28, 28, and 26 days, respectively. Results showed that the 20% CP level increased (p < 0.05) the plasma CAT and GSH-Px activities and the GSH concentration of pigs than in the pigs supplemented with the 14−18% CP levels, and the 20% CP level up-regulated (p < 0.05) the ileal oxidative stress-related gene expression levels of pigs than in the pigs supplemented with the 14% CP level at the 5−10 kg BW. In addition, diets supplemented with 18% CP level increased (p < 0.05) the ileal GSH concentration of pigs than in the pigs supplemented with the 14% and 20% CP levels, and the 16−18% CP levels increased (p < 0.05) the jejunal SOD activity of pigs than in the pigs supplemented with the 14% CP level. At 10−20 kg BW, the 16% CP level presented the strongest jejunal and ileal antioxidant capacity, the 18% CP level had the lowest plasma concentrations of MDA and highest GSH, and the 14−16% CP levels increased the plasma CAT and SOD activities (p < 0.05). Moreover, the 16−20% CP levels up-regulated (p < 0.05) the oxidative stress-related gene expression levels. At 20−30 kg BW, diets supplemented with the 16% CP level increased the plasma CAT activity of pigs than in the pigs supplemented with the 12−14% CP levels, and the 14−16% CP levels decreased the MDA concentration compared with the 10% CP levels (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings indicate adequate CP levels of 20%, 16%, and 14% for Huanjiang mini-pigs at the 5−10, 10−20, and 20−30 kg BW stages, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Md. Abul Kalam Azad
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Xichen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
- Research Center of Mini-Pig, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China
- Correspondence:
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Wang D, Jia H, Du Y, Liu Y. Effects of sodium humate and glutamine on growth performance, diarrhoea incidence, blood parameters, and faecal microflora of pre-weaned calves. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:103-112. [PMID: 35315139 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of administration of sodium humate (HNa) and glutamine (Gln) on growth performance, diarrhoea incidence, serum parameters, and faecal microflora of pre-weaned Holstein calves. In a 57-day experiment, 28 healthy newborn female calves were randomly allocated to four treatment groups: (1) CON (control); (2) HNa (basal diet + 5% HNa); (3) Gln (basal diet + 1% Gln); and (4) HNa + Gln (basal diet + 5% HNa + 1% Gln). The calves in the CON group were fed with basal diet. HNa and Gln were alone or together mixed with milk (Days 1-20) or milk replacer (Days 21-57) and orally administered to each calf. The results indicated that calves combined supplemented with HNa and Gln had a higher average daily gain at 0-21 days, 21-57 days, and 0-57 days, and starter intake at 21-57 days and 0-57 days (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, calves in HNa, Gln, and HNa + Gln groups showed lower faecal scores and diarrhoea incidence at 0-21 days and 0-57 days (p < 0.05). Combined administration of HNa and Gln increased the concentration of IgG and IgA, activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) but decreased the concentration of diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactic acid (D-lac), TNF-α, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum of calves compared with the CON group throughout the entire period (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the abundances of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were increased but the Escherichia coli was decreased in faecal grab samples of HNa + Gln group calves in comparison with the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, combined administration of HNa and Gln effectively improved the growth performance, antioxidant and immune status, and intestinal beneficial bacteria, and further reduced the diarrhoea incidence of the pre-weaned calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Jia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyi Du
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
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Dong L, Peng Z, Liu J, Li H, Wang T, Wang S, Wang H, Huo Y, Yu L. Extra arginine supplementation during the suckling period alleviates weaning stress through the regulation of dendritic cells and Notch2 signaling in piglets. Food Funct 2022; 13:8652-8661. [PMID: 35899814 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03720j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to study the effects of extra arginine (Arg) supplementation during the suckling period on the weaning stress and intestinal barrier function of breastfed piglets. Forty 7-day-old breastfed piglets divided into the control group (CON) and Arg group (Arg) were fed with extra saline or Arg (250 mg per kg per d body weight), respectively. All piglets were weaned when they were 21 days old. Eight piglets from each group were sacrificed before weaning and on the 3rd-day after weaning, respectively. The results showed that Arg improved the average daily weight gain of piglets before weaning (P < 0.01) and decreased the average daily weight loss after weaning (P < 0.05). Weaning decreased the ratio of the villus length versus crypt depth (V/C) in the SI (P < 0.001), while Arg increased the V/C of the jejunum (P < 0.05). Arg increased the levels of immunoglobulins in the serum and SI (P < 0.05), decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines in the SI (P < 0.05). In addition, Arg supplementation increased the numbers of SWC3a+CD40+ (P < 0.01) and SWC3a+SLAII+ DCs (P < 0.05), down-regulated Notch2 expression and up-regulated Jagged1 expression in the ilea of weaning piglets (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Arg supplementation during the suckling period decreased the LDH leakage in the SI, improved the intestinal morphology, down-regulated the contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines, accelerated the accumulation of DC precursors before weaning and increased the number of mature DCs after weaning, and thus improved the growth performance and reduced the weaning stress of piglets, and this might be associated with the regulation of Notch2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongmin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianlong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shunan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongrong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongjiu Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lihuai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 215009, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou X, Liu Y, Xiong X, Chen J, Tang W, He L, Zhang Z, Yin Y, Li F. Intestinal accumulation of microbiota-produced succinate caused by loss of microRNAs leads to diarrhea in weanling piglets. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2091369. [PMID: 35758253 PMCID: PMC9235893 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2091369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrheal disease is a common health problem with complex causality. Although diarrhea is accompanied by disturbances in microbial diversity, how gut microbes are involved in the occurrence of diarrhea remains largely unknown. Here, using a pig model of post-weaning stress-induced diarrhea, we aim to elucidate and enrich the mechanistic basis of diarrhea. We found significant alterations in fecal microbiome, their metabolites, and microRNAs levels in piglets with diarrhea. Specifically, loss of ssc-miRNA-425-5p and ssc-miRNA-423-3p, which inhibit the gene expression of fumarate reductase (frd) in Prevotella genus, caused succinate accumulation in piglets, which resulted in diarrhea. Single-cell RNA sequencing indicated impaired epithelial function and increased immune response in the colon of piglet with diarrhea. Notably, the accumulated succinate increased colonic fluid secretion by regulating transepithelial Cl-secretion in the epithelial cells. Meanwhile, succinate promoted colonic inflammatory responses by activating MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling in the macrophages. Overall, our findings expand the mechanistic basis of diarrhea and suggest that colonic accumulation of microbiota-produced succinate caused by loss of miRNAs leads to diarrhea in weanling piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingqing Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liuqin He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China,CONTACT Liuqin He
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,Yulong Yin
| | - Fengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China,Fengna Li No 644, Yuanda 2nd Road, Furong District, Changsha, China
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Yin L, Li J, Wang M, Wang Q, Li J, Ding N, Yang H, Yin Y. Dietary high protein-induced diarrhea and intestinal inflammation by activation of NF-κB signaling in piglets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1070-1077. [PMID: 34738037 PMCID: PMC8546374 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether inflammation-associated responses in piglets are induced by high protein (HP) through activating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. Sixteen piglets (35 d of age, Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire], weaned at d 21, initial BW = 9.70 ± 0.11 kg) were allocated to 18% and 26% CP (HP group) at random, comprising 8 replicate pens per treatment. The piglets were slaughtered to collect intestinal tissues when apparent, persistent, and stable diarrhea syndromes happened (on d 12). No significant differences were observed in their growth performance (P > 0.05), but reduction by 19.11%, 25.31%, 23.64% of ADFI, ADG, and G:F, respectively was detected in the HP group. The HP group had greater (P = 0.002) diarrhea rates. Furthermore, dietary HP had lower ileal villus height (VH; P = 0.048), ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD ratio; P = 0.016), and colonic CD (P = 0.034), as well as had the trend (P = 0.075) to reduce the ileal villus absorptive area. Moreover, HP diets significantly elevated the goblet cell numbers in the ileal villi (P = 0.016) and colonic crypts (P < 0.001) and up-regulated (P = 0.012) the mRNA expression of mucin2 (Muc2) in the ileum. In addition, HP diets increased the myeloperoxidase concentration in the ileum (P = 0.002) and colon (P = 0.007) of piglets. Dietary HP significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; P < 0.001) in the ileum, induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; P = 0.040) and interleukin-22 (IL-22; P = 0.008) in the colon, and inclined to down-regulate interleukin-1β (IL-1β; P = 0.076) expression in the colon. The relative protein abundance of Galectin-3 (P = 0.046) in the colon and the ratio of phosphorylation NF-κB to NF-κB (p-NF-κB/NF-κB ratio) in the ileum of HP piglets were also greater (P = 0.038). These results suggest that dietary HP may cause diarrhea in piglets by activating NF-κB signaling induced intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanmei Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Yinxiang Group, Fujian Aonong Biological Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Meiwei Wang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Qiye Wang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Nengshui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Yinxiang Group, Fujian Aonong Biological Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
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Dietary Bioactive Peptide Alanyl-Glutamine Attenuates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis by Modulating Gut Microbiota. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5543003. [PMID: 34046146 PMCID: PMC8128544 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5543003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal disorder threatening human health. Di-peptide alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) has various beneficial effects on gut health. However, its role and functional mechanism in treating IBD are still not clear. Therefore, the protective effects of Ala-Gln and glutamine (Gln) on dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced colitic mice were investigated in this study. The results showed that oral supplementation of Ala-Gln or Gln significantly attenuated the colitis symptoms in mice, including body weight loss, colon length, disease activity index, histological scores, and tissue apoptosis. The concentrations of interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and myeloperoxidase were significantly decreased, while the concentrations of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) and superoxide dismutase were significantly increased by Ala-Gln or Gln supplementation. The expression of occludin and peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) was significantly increased by Ala-Gln or Gln. Interestingly, Ala-Gln had better beneficial effects than Gln in alleviating colitis. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing showed that the DSS-induced shifts of the microbiome (community diversity, evenness, richness, and composition) in the mouse colon were restored by Gln and Ala-Gln, including Lactobacillus, Bacteroides_acidifaciens, Bacteroidales, Firmicutes, Clostridia, Helicobacter, and Bacteroides. Correspondingly, the functions of the microflora metabolism pathways were also rescued by Ala-Gln, including fatty acid metabolism, membrane transporters, infectious diseases, and immune system. In conclusion, the results revealed that Ala-Gln can prevent colitis through PepT1, enhancing the intestinal barrier and modulating gut microbiota and microflora metabolites.
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Song W, Li Y, Zhang X, Wang Z. Potent anti-inflammatory activity of polysaccharides extracted from Blidingia minima and their effect in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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10
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Ilaiwy A, Ten Have GAM, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, O'Neal SK, Berthiaume JM, Parry TL, Deutz NE, Willis MS. Identification of Metabolic Changes in Ileum, Jejunum, Skeletal Muscle, Liver, and Lung in a Continuous I.V. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Model of Sepsis Using Nontargeted Metabolomics Analysis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1797-1813. [PMID: 31439155 PMCID: PMC6723233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a multiorgan disease affecting the ileum and jejunum (small intestine), liver, skeletal muscle, and lung clinically. The specific metabolic changes in the ileum, jejunum, liver, skeletal muscle, and lung have not previously been investigated. Live Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from a patient, was given via i.v. catheter to pigs to induce severe sepsis. Eighteen hours later, ileum, jejunum, medial gastrocnemius skeletal muscle, liver, and lung were analyzed by nontargeted metabolomics analysis using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The ileum and the liver demonstrated significant changes in metabolites involved in linoleic acid metabolism: the ileum and lung had significant changes in the metabolism of valine/leucine/isoleucine; the jejunum, skeletal muscle, and liver had significant changes in arginine/proline metabolism; and the skeletal muscle and lung had significant changes in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, as analyzed by pathway analysis. Pathway analysis also identified changes in metabolic pathways unique for different tissues, including changes in the citric acid cycle (jejunum), β-alanine metabolism (skeletal muscle), and purine metabolism (liver). These findings demonstrate both overlapping metabolic pathways affected in different tissues and those that are unique to others and provide insight into the metabolic changes in sepsis leading to organ dysfunction. This may allow therapeutic interventions that focus on multiple tissues or single tissues once the relationship of the altered metabolites/metabolism to the underlying pathogenesis of sepsis is determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro Ilaiwy
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gabriella A M Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - James R Bain
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sara K O'Neal
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jessica M Berthiaume
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Traci L Parry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Nicolaas E Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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11
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Song W, Li Y, Zhang X, Wang Z. Effects of Blidingia sp. Extract on Intestinal Inflammation and Microbiota Composition in LPS-Challenged Mice. Front Physiol 2019; 10:763. [PMID: 31293440 PMCID: PMC6603216 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blidingia sp. is a green alga that has spread rapidly in Subei Shoal, China. To explore the potential beneficial effects of Blidingia sp., we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of its water–methanol extract of Blidingia sp. in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation. The results revealed that the administration of Blidingia extract significantly alleviated the LPS-induced increase of the inflammatory cytokine content in the serum, as well as latter’s gene expression in the ileum. Moreover, the extract inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB and IκBα in LPS-challenged mice. Apart from these changes, the extract also averted intestinal morphology damage(s) and cell apoptosis in mice. Interestingly, the extract also had beneficial effects on the diversity and composition of caecal microbiota in LPS-challenged mice. In conclusion, the results suggested that Blidingia extract had beneficial effects on the recovery of intestinal function by reducing the inflammatory response, improving the maintenance of intestinal morphology, and decreasing cell apoptosis in LPS-induced intestinal inflammation. In addition, the beneficial effects of the extract on caecal microbiota composition may play a role in its anti-inflammatory activity. These results suggested that Blidingia extract could be potentially used in preventing intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Marine Ecology and Environment, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Marine Ecology and Environment, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Marine Ecology and Environment, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zongling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for Marine Ecology and Environment, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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12
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Delgado R, Abad-Guamán R, Nicodemus N, Diaz-Perales A, García J, Carabaño R, Menoyo D. Effect of pre- and post-weaning dietary supplementation with arginine and glutamine on rabbit performance and intestinal health. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:199. [PMID: 31196135 PMCID: PMC6567899 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to assess if the exposure to glutamine (Gln), arginine (Arg) or their combination from pregnancy, through the maternal diet, to a post weaning supplemented diet, can stimulate litter performance, gut development and immune function. To this end does and their litters were fed the same basal diet no supplemented (control C), or supplemented with 0.4% Gln, 0.4% Arg, or 0.4 Gln + 0.4 Arg. Rabbits were weaned at 25 d of age and fed the same experimental diet as their mothers for 10 additional days (35 d of age). Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) at 6 d of age and intestinal histology, enzymatic activity, phenotypical and functional analysis of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) from the appendix were determined at 6, 25 and 35 d of age. RESULTS No significant differences on animal performance or mortality rates were observed among dietary treatments. However, kits from rabbit does supplemented with Gln tended (P ≤ 0.10) to reduce the translocation of total number of both aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria to the MLN. Also, rabbits fed the Gln supplemented diets maintained intestinal villous height at weaning compared to the non-supplemented diets (P < 0.05). The proportions of CD45+CD4+ and CD45+CD8+ IEL in the appendix were not affected by dietary means. However, in rabbits IEL at weaning dietary Gln significantly upregulated IL-2 and downregulated IL-6 expression. CONCLUSIONS Despite a lack of effect on performance and mortality the inclusion of 0.4% Gln has a positive effect by maintaining intestinal villous height and modulating the cytokine profile at weaning. The supplementation with Arg or Arg + Gln at the selected doses in this study did not exert positive effects on rabbit intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Delgado
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Abad-Guamán
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Nicodemus
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Araceli Diaz-Perales
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier García
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Carabaño
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Menoyo
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Abboud KY, Reis SK, Martelli ME, Zordão OP, Tannihão F, de Souza AZZ, Assalin HB, Guadagnini D, Rocha GZ, Saad MJA, Prada PO. Oral Glutamine Supplementation Reduces Obesity, Pro-Inflammatory Markers, and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in DIO Wistar Rats and Reduces Waist Circumference in Overweight and Obese Humans. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030536. [PMID: 30832230 PMCID: PMC6471297 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether chronic oral glutamine (Gln) supplementation may alter metabolic parameters and the inflammatory profile in overweight and obese humans as well as whether Gln may modulate molecular pathways in key tissues linked to the insulin action in rats. Thirty-nine overweight/obese volunteers received 30 g of Gln or alanine (Ala-control) for 14 days. Body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), hormones, and pro-inflammatory markers were evaluated. To investigate molecular mechanisms, Gln or Ala was given to Wistar rats on a high-fat diet (HFD), and metabolic parameters, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp with tracers, and Western blot were done. Gln reduced WC and serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in overweight volunteers. In the obese group, Gln diminished WC and serum insulin. There was a positive correlation between the reduction on WC and LPS. In rats on HFD, Gln reduced adiposity, improved insulin action and signaling, and reversed both defects in glucose metabolism in the liver and muscle. Gln supplementation increased muscle glucose uptake and reversed the increased hepatic glucose production, in parallel with a reduced glucose uptake in adipose tissue. This insulin resistance in AT was accompanied by enhanced IRS1 O-linked-glycosamine association in this tissue, but not in the liver and muscle. These data suggest that Gln supplementation leads to insulin resistance specifically in adipose tissue via the hexosamine pathway and reduces adipose mass, which is associated with improvement in the systemic insulin action. Thus, further investigation with Gln supplementation should be performed for longer periods in humans before prescribing as a beneficial therapeutic approach for individuals who are overweight and obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahlile Youssef Abboud
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira 13484-350 SP, Brazil.
| | - Sabrina Karen Reis
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira 13484-350 SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Eduarda Martelli
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira 13484-350 SP, Brazil.
| | - Olivia Pizetta Zordão
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887 SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Tannihão
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira 13484-350 SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Heloisa Balan Assalin
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887 SP, Brazil.
| | - Dioze Guadagnini
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887 SP, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Zweig Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887 SP, Brazil.
| | - Mario Jose Abdalla Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887 SP, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Oliveira Prada
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira 13484-350 SP, Brazil.
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887 SP, Brazil.
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14
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Zong E, Yan S, Wang M, Yin L, Wang Q, Yin J, Li J, Li Y, Ding X, Huang P, He S, Yang H, Yin Y. The effects of dietary supplementation with hyodeoxycholic acid on the differentiation and function of enteroendocrine cells and the serum biochemical indices in weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:5315629. [PMID: 30753616 PMCID: PMC6447273 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acid, a cholesterol metabolite, promotes gastrointestinal tract digestion and absorption of cholesterol, lipids, and fat-soluble vitamins. It is a signaling regulatory molecule that influences a variety of endocrinal and metabolic activities. This study investigated the effects hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) as a dietary supplement on endocrine cell differentiation and function and weaned piglet serum biochemical indices. Sixteen piglets (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire]) were individually housed and weaned at 21 days of age (body weight of 6.14 ± 0.22 kg). Uniform weight animals were randomly assigned to one of two treatments (eight replicate pens per treatment and one piglet per pen). The treatments were 1) base diet (control); and 2) base diet supplemented with 2 g/kg of HDCA. Control and HDCA piglet numbers of CgA-positive cells per crypt did not differ. HDCA CgA-positive cells numbers decreased (P < 0.05) in the jejunal villi, showed a tendency to decrease (P < 0.10) in the ileal villi, and showed tendency toward an increase (P < 0.10) in the duodenal villi compared to the controls. The HDCA diet led to a decline in GLP-2 (P < 0.01) concentrations, but did not affect plasma GLP-1. HDCA supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of jejunal Insm1, Sst, PG, and Gast, but decreased (P < 0.05) duodenal expression of Insm1, jejunal Pdx1, and ileal NeuroD1. HDCA elevated GLO and IgA (P < 0.05) serum concentrations and decreased the A/G ratio (P < 0.05). TP and IgG serum levels tended to increase compared to the control group. These results indicate that dietary HDCA at 2 g/kg may regulate enteroendocrine cell differentiation and play a role in increasing weaned piglet humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyan Zong
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shanling Yan
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meiwei Wang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lanmei Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiye Wang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yali Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xueqin Ding
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Huang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shanping He
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Engineering and Research Center of Animal and Poultry Science and Key Laboratory for Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Engineering and Research Center of Animal and Poultry Science and Key Laboratory for Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, China
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15
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Zhou X, Zhang Y, He L, Wan D, Liu G, Wu X, Yin Y. Serine prevents LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and barrier damage via p53-dependent glutathione synthesis and AMPK activation. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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16
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Zhang WB, Zhang HY, Zhang Q, Jiao FZ, Zhang H, Wang LW, Gong ZJ. Glutamine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction by regulating the toll-like receptor 4/mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-kB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5825-5832. [PMID: 29285127 PMCID: PMC5740782 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response of sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may result in irreversible cardiac dysfunction. Glutamine (GLN) has a multitude of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory abilities. Previous studies have reported that GLN attenuated LPS-induced acute lung injury and intestinal mucosal injury. The present study investigated whether GLN exerts potential protective effects on LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (15 rats per group), including the control (saline-treated), LPS and LPS+GLN groups. Pretreatment with 1 g/kg GLN was provided via gavage for 5 days in the LPS+GLN group, while the control and LPS groups received the same volume of normal saline. On day 6, a cardiac dysfunction model was induced by administration of LPS (10 mg/kg). After 24 h, the cardiac functions of the rats that survived were detected by echocardiography and catheter-based measurements. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while the mRNA levels of toll-like receptor (TLR)4, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression of TLR4, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were also determined by western blot analysis. The results of echocardiography and catheter-based measurements revealed that GLN treatment attenuated cardiac dysfunction. GLN treatment also attenuated the serum and mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, the protein levels of TLR4, phosphorylated (p-)extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p-P38 were reduced upon GLN pretreatment. Furthermore, GLN pretreatment resulted in decreased activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, GLN has a potential therapeutic effect in the protection against cardiac dysfunction mediated by sepsis through regulating the TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yue Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Zhou Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Wen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zuo-Jiong Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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17
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Determination of the anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of l-glutamine and l-alanine, or dipeptide, supplementation in rats submitted to resistance exercise. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:470-9. [PMID: 27215379 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516001999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of chronic oral supplementation with l-glutamine and l-alanine in their free form or as the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine (DIP) on muscle damage, inflammation and cytoprotection, in rats submitted to progressive resistance exercise (RE). Wistar rats (n 8/group) were submitted to 8-week RE, which consisted of climbing a ladder with progressive loads. In the final 21 d before euthanasia, supplements were delivered in a 4 % solution in drinking water. Glutamine, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), TNF-α, specific IL (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were evaluated in plasma. The concentrations of glutamine, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10, as well as NF-κB activation, were determined in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) skeletal muscle. HSP70 level was assayed in EDL and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). RE reduced glutamine concentration in plasma and EDL (P<0·05 v. sedentary group). However, l-glutamine supplements (l-alanine plus l-glutamine (GLN+ALA) and DIP groups) restored glutamine levels in plasma (by 40 and 58 %, respectively) and muscle (by 93 and 105 %, respectively). GLN+ALA and DIP groups also exhibited increased level of HSP70 in EDL and PBMC, consistent with the reduction of NF-κB p65 activation and cytokines in EDL. Muscle protection was also indicated by attenuation in plasma levels of CK, LDH, TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as an increase in IL-6, IL-10 and MCP-1. Our study demonstrates that chronic oral l-glutamine treatment (given with l-alanine or as dipeptide) following progressive RE induces cyprotective effects mediated by HSP70-associated responses to muscle damage and inflammation.
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18
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Wang H, Liu Y, Shi H, Wang X, Zhu H, Pi D, Leng W, Li S. Aspartate attenuates intestinal injury and inhibits TLR4 and NODs/NF-κB and p38 signaling in weaned pigs after LPS challenge. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1433-1443. [PMID: 26907088 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to investigate whether aspartate (Asp) could alleviate Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal injury by modulating intestine inflammatory response. METHODS Twenty-four weaned piglets were divided into four treatments: (1) non-challenged control; (2) LPS-challenged control; (3) LPS + 0.5 % Asp; and (4) LPS + 1.0 % Asp. After feeding with control, 0.5 or 1.0 % Asp-supplemented diets for 21 days, pigs were injected intraperitoneally with saline or LPS. At 4 h postinjection, blood and intestine samples were obtained. RESULTS Asp supplementation to LPS-challenged pigs improved intestinal morphology, indicated by higher jejunal and ileal villus height/crypt depth ratio and lower ileal crypt depth linearly or quadratically. Asp also improved intestinal barrier function, indicated by increased jejunal and ileal diamine oxidase activities as well as enhanced protein expression of jejunal claudin-1 linearly or quadratically. In addition, Asp decreased plasma, jejunal and ileal tumor necrosis factor-α concentration and ileal caspase-3 protein expression linearly and quadratically. Moreover, Asp down-regulated the mRNA expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein (NOD) signaling-related genes, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and p38, decreased phosphorylation of jejunal p38, and increased phosphorylation of ileal extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 linearly or quadratically. Finally, Asp increased mRNA expressions of TLR4 and NOD signaling negative regulators including radioprotective 105, suppressor of cytokine signaling 1, toll-interacting protein, Erbb2 interacting protein and centaurin β1 linearly or quadratically. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that Asp supplementation is associated with inhibition of TLR4 and NODs/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways and concomitant improvement of intestinal integrity under an inflammatory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
| | - Haifeng Shi
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Xiuying Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Dingan Pi
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Weibo Leng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
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19
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Responses in whole-body amino acid kinetics to an acute, sub-clinical endotoxin challenge in lambs. Br J Nutr 2015; 115:576-84. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515004894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSome effects of parasitism, endotoxaemia or sepsis can be mitigated by provision of extra protein. Supplemented protein may encompass a metabolic requirement for specific amino acids (AA). The current study investigates a method to identify and quantify the amounts of AA required during inflammation induced by an endotoxin challenge. One of each pair of six twin sheep was infused in the jugular vein for 20 h with either saline (control) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2 ng/kg body weight per min) fromEscherichia coli. Between 12 and 20 h a mixture of stable isotope-labelled AA was infused to measure irreversible loss rates. From 16 to 20 h all sheep were supplemented with a mixture of unlabelled AA infused intravenously. Blood samples were taken before the start of infusions, and then continuously over intervals between 14 and 20 h. At 20 h the sheep were euthanised, and liver and kidney samples were taken for measurement of serine-threonine dehydratase (SDH) activity. LPS infusion decreased plasma concentrations of most AA (P<0·05;P<0·10 for leucine and tryptophan), except for phenylalanine (which increasedP=0·022) and tyrosine. On the basis of the incremental response to the supplemental AA, arginine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, lysine (tendency only), glycine, methionine, proline, serine and threonine were important in the metabolic response to the endotoxaemia. The AA infusion between 16 and 20 h restored the plasma concentrations in the LPS-treated sheep for the majority of AA, except for glutamine, isoleucine, methionine, serine and valine. LPS treatment increased (P<0·02) SDH activity in both liver and kidney. The approach allows quantification of key AA required during challenge situations.
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20
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Effects of ferrous carbamoyl glycine on iron state and absorption in an iron-deficient rat model. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:54. [PMID: 26584806 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An iron-deficient rat model was established and used to determine the effects of different iron sources on iron metabolism and absorption. Iron-deficient rats were assigned to one of three treatment groups, and their diet was supplemented with deionized water (control), Fe-CGly, or FeSO4 for 8 days via intragastric administration. Blood samples were obtained for analysis of iron-related properties, and the small intestine and liver were removed for quantitative reverse transcription PCR of genes related to iron metabolism. The serum total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) levels of rats in Fe-CGly and FeSO4 supplementation groups was lower (P < 0.05) than that of the rats in the control group. The rats in Fe-CGly group exhibited higher (P < 0.05) plasma Fe and ferritin levels and lower (P < 0.05) TIBC levels compared with the rats in FeSO4 groups. The relative expression of liver hepcidin increased (P < 0.05) by tenfold and 80-fold in the Fe-CGly and FeSO4 groups, respectively, whereas divalent metal transporter 1, duodenal cytochrome b, and ferroportin 1 expression decreased (P < 0.05) in the duodenum in both Fe-CGly and FeSO4 group. A comparison between Fe-CGly and FeSO4 group showed that iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) and iron regulatory protein (IRP2) expressions were reduced (P < 0.05) in rats administered FeSO4 than in rats administered with Fe-Cgly. These results indicate that Fe-CGly rapidly improves the blood iron status and that IRP1 and IRP2 may play an important role in the intestinal absorption of Fe-CGly.
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Araújo CV, Lazzarotto CR, Aquino CC, Figueiredo IL, Costa TB, Alves LADO, Ribeiro RA, Bertolini LR, Lima AAM, Brito GAC, Oriá RB. Alanyl-glutamine attenuates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:493-501. [PMID: 25945744 PMCID: PMC4470307 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE=gene, apoE=protein) is a known factor regulating the inflammatory response that may have regenerative effects during tissue recovery from injury. We investigated whether apoE deficiency reduces the healing effect of alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) treatment, a recognized gut-trophic nutrient, during tissue recovery after 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. APOE-knockout (APOE-/-) and wild-type (APOE+/+) C57BL6J male and female mice (N=86) were given either Ala-Gln (100 mM) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) by gavage 3 days before and 5 days after a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) challenge (450 mg/kg, via intraperitoneal injection). Mouse body weight was monitored daily. The 5-FU cytotoxic effect was evaluated by leukometry. Intestinal villus height, villus/crypt ratio, and villin expression were monitored to assess recovery of the intestinal absorptive surface area. Crypt length, mitotic, apoptotic, and necrotic crypt indexes, and quantitative real-time PCR for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) intestinal mRNA transcripts were used to evaluate intestinal epithelial cell turnover. 5-FU challenge caused significant weight loss and leukopenia (P<0.001) in both mouse strains, which was not improved by Ala-Gln. Villus blunting, crypt hyperplasia, and reduced villus/crypt ratio (P<0.05) were found in all 5-FU-challenged mice but not in PBS controls. Ala-Gln improved villus/crypt ratio, crypt length and mitotic index in all challenged mice, compared with PBS controls. Ala-Gln improved villus height only in APOE-/- mice. Crypt cell apoptosis and necrotic scores were increased in all mice challenged by 5-FU, compared with untreated controls. Those scores were significantly lower in Ala-Gln-treated APOE+/+ mice than in controls. Bcl-2 and IGF-1 mRNA transcripts were reduced only in the APOE-/- -challenged mice. Altogether our findings suggest APOE-independent Ala-Gln regenerative effects after 5-FU challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Araújo
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, INCT - Instituto de Biomedicina do Semiárido Brasileiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - C R Lazzarotto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - C C Aquino
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, INCT - Instituto de Biomedicina do Semiárido Brasileiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - I L Figueiredo
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, INCT - Instituto de Biomedicina do Semiárido Brasileiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - T B Costa
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, INCT - Instituto de Biomedicina do Semiárido Brasileiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - L A de Oliveira Alves
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, INCT - Instituto de Biomedicina do Semiárido Brasileiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R A Ribeiro
- Laboratório da Inflamação e Câncer, INCT - Instituto de Biomedicina do Semiárido Brasileiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - L R Bertolini
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A A M Lima
- Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas, INCT - Instituto de Biomedicina do Semiárido Brasileiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - G A C Brito
- Laboratório da Inflamação e Câncer, INCT - Instituto de Biomedicina do Semiárido Brasileiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R B Oriá
- Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, INCT - Instituto de Biomedicina do Semiárido Brasileiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Dietary L-arginine supplementation protects weanling pigs from deoxynivalenol-induced toxicity. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:1341-54. [PMID: 25884909 PMCID: PMC4417970 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7041341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the positive effects of dietary supplementation with l-arginine (Arg) on piglets fed a deoxynivalenol (DON)-contaminated diet. A total of eighteen, 28-day-old healthy weanling pigs were randomly assigned into one of three groups: uncontaminated basal diet (control group), 6 mg/kg DON-contaminated diet (DON group) and 6 mg/kg DON + 1% l-arginine (DON + ARG group). After 21 days of Arg supplementation, piglets in the DON and DON + ARG groups were challenged by feeding 6 mg/kg DON-contaminated diet for seven days. The results showed that DON resulted in damage to piglets. However, clinical parameters, including jejunal morphology, amino acid concentrations in the serum, jejunum and ileum, were improved by Arg (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA levels for sodium-glucose transporter-1 (SGLT-1), glucose transporter type-2 (GLUT-2) and y+l-type amino acid transporter-1 (y+LAT-1) were downregulated in the DON group, but the values were increased in the DON + ARG group (p < 0.05). Collectively, these results indicate that dietary supplementation with Arg exerts a protective role in pigs fed DON-contaminated diets.
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Chen Z, Xie J, Wang B, Tang J. Effect of γ-aminobutyric acid on digestive enzymes, absorption function, and immune function of intestinal mucosa in heat-stressed chicken. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2490-500. [PMID: 25085934 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the effect of dietary γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on digestive enzyme activity, absorption function and immune function of intestinal mucosa in heat-stressed Wenchang chicken were studied. One-day-old male Wenchang chickens were randomly divided into a control group (CK), heat stress group (HS), and GABA+HS group. The chickens from the GABA+HS group were administered with 0.2 mL of GABA solution daily. Chickens from HS and GABA+HS groups were subjected to heat stress treatment at 40 ± 0.5°C for 2 h during 1300 to 1500 h every day. Blood was drawn and 0.5 cm-long duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected from the chickens on d 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 15. Results showed that the activity of Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, maltase, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase, the contents of secretory IgA, glutathione, and d-xylose, and the number of lymphocytes in HS group were significantly lower than those in the CK group. Among them, some were rescued after the treatment of GABA as the time extension. For maltase, d-xylose, alkaline phosphatase, and Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase, it required 5 to 7 d for achieving the significant effect. For sucrase, 12 d for the alleviation effect was required. In the case of other parameters, no alleviation was observed during the whole period of the study. We have concluded that HS can inhibit the activity of digestive enzymes and reduce absorption and immune functions of intestinal mucosa. γ-Aminobutyric acid can effectively alleviate these inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - J Xie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - B Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - J Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
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Methionine deficiency reduces autophagy and accelerates death in intestinal epithelial cells infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Amino Acids 2014; 47:2199-204. [PMID: 24965529 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Infections by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) result in large economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Dietary supplementation with amino acids has been considered as a potential mechanism to improve host defenses against infection. The goal of this study was to determine whether methionine deprivation alters ETEC interactions with porcine intestinal epithelial cells. IPEC-1 cells were cultured in media with or without L-methionine. Methionine deprivation resulted in enhanced ETEC adhesion and increased both the cytotoxicity and apoptotic responses of IPEC-1 cells infected with ETEC. Methionine deprivation inhibited IPEC-1 cell autophagic responses, suggesting that the increased cytotoxicity of ETEC to methionine-deprived IPEC-1 cells might be due to defects in autophagy.
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Xu CL, Sun R, Qiao XJ, Xu CC, Shang XY, Niu WN. Protective effect of glutamine on intestinal injury and bacterial community in rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia environment. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:4662-4674. [PMID: 24782618 PMCID: PMC4000502 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i16.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the protective effect of glutamine (Gln) on intestinal injury and the bacterial community in rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia environment.
METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, hypobaric hypoxia (HH), and hypobaric hypoxia + Gln (5.0 g/kg BW·d) (HG) groups. On the first 3 d, all rats were placed in a normal environment. After the third day, the HH and HG groups were transferred into a hypobaric chamber at a simulated elevation of 7000 m for 5 d. The rats in the HG group were given Gln by gavage daily for 8 d. The rats in the control and HH groups were treated with the same volume of saline. The intestinal morphology, serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and diamino oxidase (DAO) were examined. We also evaluated the expression levels of occludin, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and examined the bacterial community in caecal contents.
RESULTS: Hypobaric hypoxia induced the enlargement of the heart, liver, lung and kidney, and caused spleen atrophy. Intestinal villi damage was also observed in the HH group. Supplementation with Gln significantly alleviated hypobaric-induced damage to main organs including the intestine, increased serum SOD (1.14 ± 0.03 vs 0.88 ± 0.04, P < 0.05) and MDA (8.35 ± 1.60, P < 0.01) levels and decreased serum IL-6 (1172.13±30.49 vs 1407.05 ± 34.36, P < 0.05), TNF-α (77.46 ± 0.78 vs 123.70 ± 3.03, P < 0.001), IFN-γ (1355.42 ± 72.80 vs 1830.16 ± 42.07, P < 0.01) and DAO (629.30 ± 9.15 vs 524.10 ± 13.34, P < 0.001) levels. Moreover, Gln significantly increased occludin (0.72 ± 0.05 vs 0.09 ± 0.01, P < 0.001), TLR4 (0.15 ± 0.05 vs 0.30 ±0.09, P < 0.05), MyD88 (0.32 ± 0.08 vs 0.71 ± 0.06, P < 0.01), and NF-κB p65 (0.16 ± 0.04 vs 0.44 ± 0.03, P < 0.01) expression levels and improved the intestinal bacterial community.
CONCLUSION: Gln treatment protects from intestinal injury and regulates the gut flora imbalance in hypoxia environment. These effects may be related to the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Yin J, Ren W, Duan J, Wu L, Chen S, Li T, Yin Y, Wu G. Dietary arginine supplementation enhances intestinal expression of SLC7A7 and SLC7A1 and ameliorates growth depression in mycotoxin-challenged pigs. Amino Acids 2013; 46:883-92. [PMID: 24368521 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that dietary L-arginine supplementation confers beneficial effects on growing pigs fed a mold-contaminated diet. The measured variables included: (1) the average daily weight gain and feed:gain ratio; (2) activities of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, diamine oxidase, as well as amino acid and D-lactate concentrations in serum; (3) intestinal morphology; (4) expression of the genes for SLC7A7 (amino acid transporter light chain, y(+L) system, family 7, member 7), SLC7A1 (cationic amino acid transporter, y(+) system, family 7, member 1), SLC1A1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system XAG, member 1), SLC5A1 (sodium/glucose cotransporter, family 5, member 1) in the ileum and jejunum. Mycotoxins in feedstuffs resulted in an enlarged small intestine mass, oxidative injury in tissues, and reduced growth performance in pigs. Dietary arginine supplementation enhanced (P < 0.05) expression of jejunal SLC7A7 and ileal SLC7A1, in comparison with the control and mycotoxin groups. In addition, supplementing 1% L-arginine to the mycotoxin-contaminated feed had the following beneficial effects (P < 0.05): (1) alleviating the imbalance of the antioxidant system in the body; (2) ameliorating intestinal abnormalities; and (3) attenuating whole-body growth depression, compared with the mycotoxin group without arginine treatment. Collectively, these results indicate that dietary supplementation with L-arginine exerts a protective role in pigs fed mold-contaminated foods. The findings may have important nutritional implications for humans and other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China,
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Ren W, Liu S, Chen S, Zhang F, Li N, Yin J, Peng Y, Wu L, Liu G, Yin Y, Wu G. Dietary l-glutamine supplementation increases Pasteurella multocida burden and the expression of its major virulence factors in mice. Amino Acids 2013; 45:947-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on glutamine action in a bacterial translocation model. Br J Nutr 2013; 111:93-100. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513001888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine may be a precursor for NO synthesis, which may play a crucial role in bacterial translocation (BT). The goal of the present study was to investigate the potential effects of glutamine on BT and the immunological response in an experimental model of NO synthase inhibition by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). Mice were randomly assigned to four groups: sham; intestinal obstruction (IO); IO+500 mg/kg per d glutamine (GLN); IO+GLN plus 10 mg/kg per d l-NAME (GLN/LN). The groups were pretreated for 7 d. BT was induced by ileal ligation and was assessed 18 h later by measuring the radioactivity of 99mTc-Escherichiacoli in the blood and organs. Mucosal damage was determined using a histological analysis. Intestinal permeability (IP) was assessed by measuring the levels of 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid in the blood at 4, 8 and 18 h after surgery. IgA and cytokine concentrations were determined by ELISA in the intestinal fluid and plasma, respectively. BT was increased in the GLN/LN and IO groups than in the GLN and sham groups. IP and intestinal mucosa structure of the sham, GLN and GLN/LN groups were similar. The GLN group had the highest levels of interferon-γ, while IL-10 and secretory IgA levels were higher than those of the IO group but similar to those of the GLN/LN group. The present results suggest that effects of the glutamine pathway on BT were mediated by NO. The latter also interferes with the pro-inflammatory systemic immunological response. On the other hand, IP integrity preserved by the use of glutamine is independent of NO.
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Yang HS, Fu DZ, Kong XF, Wang WC, Yang XJ, Nyachoti CM, Yin YL. Dietary supplementation with N-carbamylglutamate increases the expression of intestinal amino acid transporters in weaned Huanjiang mini-pig piglets. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:2740-8. [PMID: 23478823 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaning is associated with reduced intestinal absorptive capacity in piglets. Our previous study indicated that dietary supplementation with N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) enhanced growth performance and improved intestinal function in weaned piglets. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with NCG may increase the growth performance of weaned piglets by regulating the expression of intestinal nutrient transporters, thus enhancing nutrient absorption. Twenty-four Huanjiang mini-pig piglets weaned at 21 d of age (3.17 ± 0.21 kg average BW) were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatments consisting of a basal diet and the basal diet with 0.1% NCG supplementation for a 14-d period with 6 pens per treatment and 1 male and 1 female per pen. On d 14, 1 piglet was randomly selected from each pen for blood and tissue sampling. Dietary NCG supplementation enhanced (P < 0.05) growth rate and the efficiency of feed use in weaned Huanjiang mini-pig piglets. The NCG-supplemented diet increased (P < 0.05) mRNA expression levels of Slc6a19, Slc7a9, and Slc1a1 and the protein abundance of ASCT2, B(0)AT1, b(0,+)AT, y(+)LAT1, and EAAC1 in the jejunum. Furthermore, the contents of low density lipoprotein, ammonia, urea nitrogen, and AA as well as the activity of alkaline phosphatase in plasma were all altered (P < 0.05) by supplementation with NCG. These findings indicate that dietary supplementation with NCG may improve intestinal absorptive function in weaned piglets by increasing the expression of AA transporters in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Yang
- Chinese Acad. Sci., Inst. Subtrop. Agric., Res. Ctr. Healthy Breeding Livestock & Poultry, Hunan Eng. & Res. Ctr. Anim. & Poultry Sci., Key Lab Agroecol. Proc. Subtrop. Reg., Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha City, Hunan, 410125, PR China
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Dietary requirements of "nutritionally non-essential amino acids" by animals and humans. Amino Acids 2012; 44:1107-13. [PMID: 23247926 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are necessary for the survival, growth, development, reproduction and health of all organisms. They were traditionally classified as nutritionally essential or non-essential for mammals, birds and fish based on nitrogen balance or growth. It was assumed that all "non-essential amino acids (NEAA)" were synthesized sufficiently in the body to meet the needs for maximal growth and health. However, there has been no compelling experimental evidence to support this assumption over the past century. NEAA (e.g., glutamine, glutamate, proline, glycine and arginine) play important roles in regulating gene expression, cell signaling, antioxidative responses, neurotransmission, and immunity. Additionally, glutamate, glutamine and aspartate are major metabolic fuels for the small intestine to maintain its digestive function and protect its mucosal integrity. Therefore, based on new research findings, NEAA should be taken into consideration in revising the classical "ideal protein" concept and formulating balanced diets to improve protein accretion, food efficiency, and health in animals and humans.
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