1
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Motta EVS, Moran NA. The honeybee microbiota and its impact on health and disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:122-137. [PMID: 38049554 PMCID: PMC10998682 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are key pollinators that support global agriculture and are long-established models for developmental and behavioural research. Recently, they have emerged as models for studying gut microbial communities. Earlier research established that hindguts of adult worker bees harbour a conserved set of host-restricted bacterial species, each showing extensive strain variation. These bacteria can be cultured axenically and introduced to gnotobiotic hosts, and some have basic genetic tools available. In this Review, we explore the most recent research showing how the microbiota establishes itself in the gut and impacts bee biology and health. Microbiota members occupy specific niches within the gut where they interact with each other and the host. They engage in cross-feeding and antagonistic interactions, which likely contribute to the stability of the community and prevent pathogen invasion. An intact gut microbiota provides protection against diverse pathogens and parasites and contributes to the processing of refractory components of the pollen coat and dietary toxins. Absence or disruption of the microbiota results in altered expression of genes that underlie immunity, metabolism, behaviour and development. In the field, such disruption by agrochemicals may negatively impact bees. These findings demonstrate a key developmental and protective role of the microbiota, with broad implications for bee health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick V S Motta
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nancy A Moran
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.
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2
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Vyas A, Doshi G. A cross talk on the role of contemporary biomarkers in depression. Biomarkers 2024; 29:18-29. [PMID: 38261718 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2024.2308834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Biomarkers can be used to identify determinants of response to various treatments of mental disorders. Evidence to date demonstrates that markers of inflammatory, neurotransmitter, neurotrophic, neuroendocrine, and metabolic function can predict the psychological and physical consequences of depression in individuals, allowing for the development of new therapeutic targets with fewer side effects. Extensive research has included hundreds of potential biomarkers of depression, but their roles in depression, abnormal patients, and how bioinformatics can be used to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis have not been determined or defined. To determine which biomarkers can and cannot be used to predict treatment response, classify patients for specific treatments, and develop targets for new interventions, proprietary strategies, and current research projects need to be tailored.Material and Methods: This review article focuses on - biomarker systems that would help in the further development and expansion of newer targets - which holds great promise for reducing the burden of depression.Results and Discussion: Further, this review point to the inflammatory response, metabolic marker, and microribonucleic acids, long non-coding RNAs, HPA axis which are - related to depression and can serve as future targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Vyas
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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3
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Lee C, Lee DK, Wei IA, Qiu TA, Rubakhin SS, Roper MG, Sweedler JV. Relations between Glucose and d-Amino Acids in the Modulation of Biochemical and Functional Properties of Rodent Islets of Langerhans. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:47723-47734. [PMID: 38144114 PMCID: PMC10733910 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The cell-to-cell signaling role of d-amino acids (d-AAs) in the mammalian endocrine system, particularly in the islets of Langerhans, has drawn growing interest for their potential involvement in modulating glucose metabolism. Previous studies found colocalization of serine racemase [produces d-serine (d-Ser)] and d-alanine (d-Ala) within insulin-secreting beta cells and d-aspartate (d-Asp) within glucagon-secreting alpha cells. Expressed in the islets, functional N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors are involved in the modulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and have binding sites for several d-AAs. However, knowledge of the regulation of d-AA levels in the islets during glucose stimulation as well as the response of islets to different levels of extracellular d-AAs is limited. In this study, we determined the intracellular and extracellular levels of d-Ser, d-Ala, and d-Asp in cultures of isolated rodent islets exposed to different levels of extracellular glucose. We found that the intracellular levels of the enantiomers demonstrated large variability and, in general, were not affected by extracellular glucose levels. However, significantly lower levels of extracellular d-Ser and d-Ala were observed in the islet media supplemented with 20 mM concentration of glucose compared to the control condition utilizing 3 mM glucose. Glucose-induced oscillations of intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), a proxy for insulin secretion, were modulated by the exogenous application of d-Ser and d-Ala but not by their l-stereoisomers. Our results provide new insights into the roles of d-AAs in the biochemistry and function of pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy
J. Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dong-Kyu Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - I-An Wei
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State
University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Tian A. Qiu
- Department
of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Stanislav S. Rubakhin
- Department
of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michael G. Roper
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State
University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department
of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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4
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Ogunkunle EO, Davis JJ, Skinner EL, Thornham J, Roper MG. Analysis of D-amino acids secreted from murine islets of Langerhans using Marfey's reagent and reversed phase LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1231:123928. [PMID: 37976942 PMCID: PMC10843809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
D-amino acids (D-AAs) are important signaling molecules due to their ability to bind ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. D-serine (D-Ser), D-alanine (D-Ala), and D-aspartate (D-Asp) have been found individually in the endocrine portion of the pancreas, the islets of Langerhans, and/or their secretions. However, there has been no report of a comprehensive assessment of D-AAs in islet secretions. To evaluate the release of these compounds, the effectiveness of both 1-(9-fluorenyl)-ethyl chloroformate (FLEC reagent) and 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl-5-L-alanine amide (Marfey's reagent, MR) in separation of D/L-AA enantiomeric pairs in islet-specific buffers were evaluated. MR-derivatized D/L AAs showed greater than baseline resolution (Rs ≥ 1.5) of 13 enantiomeric pairs when using a non-linear gradient and an acidic mobile phase system, while FLEC-derivatized AAs exhibited limited resolution on both biphenyl and C18 columns. The optimized MR method yielded highly reproducible separations with retention times less than 1% RSD. Excellent linearity between the analyte concentrations and response (R2 > 0.98) were obtained, with less than 15% RSD for all analyte responses. Most analytes had an LOD at or below 100 nM, except for L-Ala (200 nM). The optimized MR method was used to quantify D-AAs in secretions of 150 murine islets after incubation in 3- and 20-mM glucose. In response to both solutions, D-Ser and D-glutamine were tentatively identified via comparison of retention time and quantifier-to-qualifer ion ratios with standards, and from spiking experiments. Both were secreted in low quantities which did not differ significantly in either low (D-Ser: 44 ± 2 fmol islet-1h-1; D-Gln: 300 ± 100 fmol islet-1h-1) or high (D-Ser: 23 ± 1 fmol islet-1h-1; D-Gln: 120 ± 50 fmol islet-1h-1) glucose across 3 biological replicates. The method developed is robust and can be applied to further examine the release of D-AAs and their potential roles in islet physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel O Ogunkunle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Joshua J Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Emily L Skinner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - James Thornham
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States
| | - Michael G Roper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States; Program in Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States.
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5
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Xu H, Guo J, Zhao J, Gao Z, Song YY. Target Recognition-Triggered Peroxidase-Mimicking Activity Depression in Homochiral Nanochannels for Identifying Cystine Enantiomers. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5436-5442. [PMID: 36922731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective identification of chiral molecules is of paramount importance in medical science, biochemistry, and pharmaceutics owing to the configuration-dependent activities of enantiomers. However, the identical physicochemical properties of enantiomers remain challenging in chiral sensing. In this study, inspired by the peroxidase-mimicking activity of Fe(III)-based nanomaterials, an enantioselective artificial architecture is constructed on TiO2 nanochannels. Homochiral Ti-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) use a 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid ligand as the artificial enzyme skeleton, Fe(III) as peroxidase-mimicking centers, and l-tartaric acid (TA) as a chiral recognition selector. Using l-/d-cystine as model enantiomers, the chiral moieties of l-TA on Ti-MOFs allow stereoselective recognition of guest molecules through hydrogen bonds formed between chiral cystine and the host. In a tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride-containing environment, the disulfide bonds in cystine molecules are further cleaved, and the HS-tails react with Fe(III) active sites, causing the loss of peroxidase-like performance of nanochannels. Benefitting from the nanochannel architecture's current-potential (I-V) properties, the selective recognition of cystine enantiomers is directly monitored through the peroxidase-like activity change-induced ionic current signatures. This study provides a new and universal strategy for distinguishing disulfide- and thiol-containing chiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Xu
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Junli Guo
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Junjian Zhao
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Zhida Gao
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yan-Yan Song
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
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The Role of D-Serine and D-Aspartate in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235142. [PMID: 36501171 PMCID: PMC9736950 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (Sch) is a severe and widespread mental disorder. Antipsychotics (APs) of the first and new generations as the first-line treatment of Sch are not effective in about a third of cases and are also unable to treat negative symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenics. This explains the search for new therapeutic strategies for a disease-modifying therapy for treatment-resistant Sch (TRS). Biological compounds are of great interest to researchers and clinicians, among which D-Serine (D-Ser) and D-Aspartate (D-Asp) are among the promising ones. The Sch glutamate theory suggests that neurotransmission dysfunction caused by glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) may represent a primary deficiency in this mental disorder and play an important role in the development of TRS. D-Ser and D-Asp are direct NMDAR agonists and may be involved in modulating the functional activity of dopaminergic neurons. This narrative review demonstrates both the biological role of D-Ser and D-Asp in the normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) and in the pathogenesis of Sch and TRS. Particular attention is paid to D-Ser and D-Asp as promising components of a nutritive disease-modifying therapy for TRS.
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7
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Boktor JC, Adame MD, Rose DR, Schumann CM, Murray KD, Bauman MD, Careaga M, Mazmanian SK, Ashwood P, Needham BD. Global metabolic profiles in a non-human primate model of maternal immune activation: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4959-4973. [PMID: 36028571 PMCID: PMC9772216 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence implicates severe maternal infections as risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders, such as ASD and schizophrenia. Accordingly, animal models mimicking infection during pregnancy, including the maternal immune activation (MIA) model, result in offspring with neurobiological, behavioral, and metabolic phenotypes relevant to human neurodevelopmental disorders. Most of these studies have been performed in rodents. We sought to better understand the molecular signatures characterizing the MIA model in an organism more closely related to humans, rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), by evaluating changes in global metabolic profiles in MIA-exposed offspring. Herein, we present the global metabolome in six peripheral tissues (plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, three regions of intestinal mucosa scrapings, and feces) from 13 MIA and 10 control offspring that were confirmed to display atypical neurodevelopment, elevated immune profiles, and neuropathology. Differences in lipid, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism discriminated these MIA and control samples, with correlations of specific metabolites to behavior scores as well as to cytokine levels in plasma, intestinal, and brain tissues. We also observed modest changes in fecal and intestinal microbial profiles, and identify differential metabolomic profiles within males and females. These findings support a connection between maternal immune activation and the metabolism, microbiota, and behavioral traits of offspring, and may further the translational applications of the MIA model and the advancement of biomarkers for neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD or schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Boktor
- Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Mark D Adame
- Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Destanie R Rose
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- The M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Cynthia M Schumann
- The M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Karl D Murray
- The M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Melissa D Bauman
- The M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Milo Careaga
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- The M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Sarkis K Mazmanian
- Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Paul Ashwood
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- The M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Brittany D Needham
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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8
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Liberti J, Kay T, Quinn A, Kesner L, Frank ET, Cabirol A, Richardson TO, Engel P, Keller L. The gut microbiota affects the social network of honeybees. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1471-1479. [PMID: 35995848 PMCID: PMC7613669 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01840-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota influences animal neurodevelopment and behaviour but has not previously been documented to affect group-level properties of social organisms. Here, we use honeybees to probe the effect of the gut microbiota on host social behaviour. We found that the microbiota increased the rate and specialization of head-to-head interactions between bees. Microbiota colonization was associated with higher abundances of one-third of the metabolites detected in the brain, including amino acids with roles in synaptic transmission and brain energetic function. Some of these metabolites were significant predictors of the number of social interactions. Microbiota colonization also affected brain transcriptional processes related to amino acid metabolism and epigenetic modifications in a brain region involved in sensory perception. These results demonstrate that the gut microbiota modulates the emergent colony social network of honeybees and suggest changes in chromatin accessibility and amino acid biosynthesis as underlying processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanito Liberti
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Tomas Kay
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Quinn
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Kesner
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erik T Frank
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Amélie Cabirol
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas O Richardson
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Engel
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Keller
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Lodi A, Pandey R, Chiou J, Bhattacharya A, Huang S, Pan X, Burgman B, Yi SS, Tiziani S, Brenner AJ. Circulating metabolites associated with tumor hypoxia and early response to treatment in bevacizumab-refractory glioblastoma after combined bevacizumab and evofosfamide. Front Oncol 2022; 12:900082. [PMID: 36226069 PMCID: PMC9549210 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.900082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most common and aggressive form of primary malignant brain tumor in the adult population, and, despite modern therapies, patients often develop recurrent disease, and the disease remains incurable with median survival below 2 years. Resistance to bevacizumab is driven by hypoxia in the tumor and evofosfamide is a hypoxia-activated prodrug, which we tested in a phase 2, dual center (University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio and Dana Farber Cancer Institute) clinical trial after bevacizumab failure. Tumor hypoxic volume was quantified by 18F-misonidazole PET. To identify circulating metabolic biomarkers of tumor hypoxia in patients, we used a high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based approach to profile blood metabolites and their specific enantiomeric forms using untargeted approaches. Moreover, to evaluate early response to treatment, we characterized changes in circulating metabolite levels during treatment with combined bevacizumab and evofosfamide in recurrent GBM after bevacizumab failure. Gamma aminobutyric acid, and glutamic acid as well as its enantiomeric form D-glutamic acid all inversely correlated with tumor hypoxia. Intermediates of the serine synthesis pathway, which is known to be modulated by hypoxia, also correlated with tumor hypoxia (phosphoserine and serine). Moreover, following treatment, lactic acid was modulated by treatment, likely in response to a hypoxia mediated modulation of oxidative vs glycolytic metabolism. In summary, although our results require further validation in larger patients’ cohorts, we have identified candidate metabolic biomarkers that could evaluate the extent of tumor hypoxia and predict the benefit of combined bevacizumab and evofosfamide treatment in GBM following bevacizumab failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Lodi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Alessia Lodi, ; Andrew J. Brenner,
| | - Renu Pandey
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer Chiou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Ayon Bhattacharya
- Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Shiliang Huang
- Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Xingxin Pan
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Brandon Burgman
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology (ICMB), College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - S. Stephen Yi
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology (ICMB), College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences (ICES), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology (ICMB), College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Andrew J. Brenner
- Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Alessia Lodi, ; Andrew J. Brenner,
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Arul P, Huang ST, Mani V, Huang CH. Graphene quantum dots-based nanocomposite for electrocatalytic application of L-cysteine in whole blood and live cells. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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de Bartolomeis A, Vellucci L, Austin MC, De Simone G, Barone A. Rational and Translational Implications of D-Amino Acids for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: From Neurobiology to the Clinics. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070909. [PMID: 35883465 PMCID: PMC9312470 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been conceptualized as a neurodevelopmental disorder with synaptic alterations and aberrant cortical–subcortical connections. Antipsychotics are the mainstay of schizophrenia treatment and nearly all share the common feature of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy, whereas glutamatergic abnormalities are not targeted by the presently available therapies. D-amino acids, acting as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) modulators, have emerged in the last few years as a potential augmentation strategy in those cases of schizophrenia that do not respond well to antipsychotics, a condition defined as treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), affecting almost 30–40% of patients, and characterized by serious cognitive deficits and functional impairment. In the present systematic review, we address with a direct and reverse translational perspective the efficacy of D-amino acids, including D-serine, D-aspartate, and D-alanine, in poor responders. The impact of these molecules on the synaptic architecture is also considered in the light of dendritic spine changes reported in schizophrenia and antipsychotics’ effect on postsynaptic density proteins. Moreover, we describe compounds targeting D-amino acid oxidase and D-aspartate oxidase enzymes. Finally, other drugs acting at NMDAR and proxy of D-amino acids function, such as D-cycloserine, sarcosine, and glycine, are considered in the light of the clinical burden of TRS, together with other emerging molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (G.D.S.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7463673 or +39-081-7463884 or +39-3662745592; Fax: +39-081-7462644
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (G.D.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Mark C. Austin
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Program, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA;
| | - Giuseppe De Simone
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (G.D.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Annarita Barone
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.V.); (G.D.S.); (A.B.)
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12
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Li J, Wang L, Yin L, Jiang X, Guo K, Zhang C, Yu S, Yu X, Wang Q. A Racemic Naphthyl-Coumarin-Based Probe for Quantitative Enantiomeric Excess Analysis of Amino Acids and Enantioselective Sensing of Amines and Amino Alcohols. ChemistryOpen 2022; 11:e202200088. [PMID: 35642171 PMCID: PMC9156809 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new racemic naphthyl-coumarin-based probe was found to bind covalently with amino acids in MeOH-KOH system and thereby generates distinct CD responses. The induced strong CD signals allowed quantitative enantiomeric excess analysis of amino acids and enantioselective sensing of amines and amino alcohols. The mechanism for the reaction of the coumarin-aldehyde probe with an amino acid was investigated by CD, UV-Vis, NMR, ESI-MS analyses and ECD calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Yi Li
- Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan 646000P. R.China
| | - Li Wang
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouSichuan 646099P. R. China
- Department of Nuclear MedicineThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan 646000P. R. China
| | - Li‐Ping Yin
- Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan 646000P. R.China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouSichuan 646099P. R. China
| | - Xin‐Meng Jiang
- Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan 646000P. R.China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan 646000P. R.China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan 646000P. R.China
| | - Shan‐Shan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610064P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610064P. R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan 646000P. R.China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouSichuan 646099P. R. China
- Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese MedicineDazhouSichuan 635000P. R. China
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13
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Tapanes SA, Arizanovska D, Díaz MM, Folorunso OO, Harvey T, Brown SE, Radzishevsky I, Close LN, Jagid JR, Graciolli Cordeiro J, Wolosker H, Balu DT, Liebl DJ. Inhibition of glial D-serine release rescues synaptic damage after brain injury. Glia 2022; 70:1133-1152. [PMID: 35195906 PMCID: PMC9305835 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic damage is one of the most prevalent pathophysiological responses to traumatic CNS injury and underlies much of the associated cognitive dysfunction; however, it is poorly understood. The D-amino acid, D-serine, serves as the primary co-agonist at synaptic NMDA receptors (NDMARs) and is a critical mediator of NMDAR-dependent transmission and synaptic plasticity. In physiological conditions, D-serine is produced and released by neurons from the enzymatic conversion of L-serine by serine racemase (SRR). However, under inflammatory conditions, glial cells become a major source of D-serine. Here, we report that D-serine synthesized by reactive glia plays a critical role in synaptic damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and identify the therapeutic potential of inhibiting glial D-serine release though the transporter Slc1a4 (ASCT1). Furthermore, using cell-specific genetic strategies and pharmacology, we demonstrate that TBI-induced synaptic damage and memory impairment requires D-serine synthesis and release from both reactive astrocytes and microglia. Analysis of the murine cortex and acutely resected human TBI brain also show increased SRR and Slc1a4 levels. Together, these findings support a novel role for glial D-serine in acute pathological dysfunction following brain trauma, whereby these reactive cells provide the excess co-agonist levels necessary to initiate NMDAR-mediated synaptic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Tapanes
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Dena Arizanovska
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Madelen M. Díaz
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Oluwarotimi O. Folorunso
- Department of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Translational Psychiatry LaboratoryMcLean HospitalBelmontMassachusettsUSA
| | - Theresa Harvey
- Translational Psychiatry LaboratoryMcLean HospitalBelmontMassachusettsUSA
| | - Stephanie E. Brown
- Translational Psychiatry LaboratoryMcLean HospitalBelmontMassachusettsUSA
| | - Inna Radzishevsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Liesl N. Close
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Jonathan R. Jagid
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Joacir Graciolli Cordeiro
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Herman Wolosker
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion‐Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Darrick T. Balu
- Department of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Translational Psychiatry LaboratoryMcLean HospitalBelmontMassachusettsUSA
| | - Daniel J. Liebl
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
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14
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Chen YT, Li B, Chen JL, Su XC. Simultaneous Discrimination and Quantification of Enantiomeric Amino Acids under Physiological Conditions by Chiral 19F NMR Tag. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7853-7860. [PMID: 35617740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomeric analysis is of great significance in chemistry, chemical biology and pharmaceutical research. We herein propose a chiral 19F NMR tag containing an amino reactive NHS group to discriminate the enantiomeric amino acids under physiological conditions by NMR spectroscopy. The chiral 19F NMR tag readily forms stable amide products with the amino acids in aqueous solution. The stereospecific chemistry of enantiomeric amino acids is discriminated by a stereogenic carbon bonded with a 19F atom and is therefore decoded by the 19F reporter and manifested in the distinct 19F chemical shift. The chemical shift difference (ΔΔδ) of the chiral 19F NMR tag derived enantiomeric amino acids variants has a broad chemical shift range between -1.13 to 1.68 ppm, indicating the high sensitivity of the chiral 19F NMR tag to the stereospecific environment surrounding the individual amino acids. The distinguishable chemical shift produced by the chiral 19F NMR tag permits simultaneous discrimination and quantification of the enantiomeric amino acids in a mixture. The high fidelity of the chiral 19F NMR tag affords high-accuracy determination of the enantiomeric composition of amino acids by simple 1D NMR under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jia-Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xun-Cheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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15
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Kariapper FS, Thanzeel FY, Zandi LS, Wolf C. Selective chiroptical sensing of D/L-cysteine. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3056-3060. [PMID: 35343543 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00198e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chromophoric bifunctional probe design that allows selective chiroptical sensing of cysteine in aqueous solution is introduced. The common need for chiral HPLC separation is eliminated which expedites and simplifies the sample analysis while reducing solvent waste. Screening of the reaction between six phenacyl bromides and the enantiomers of cysteine showed that cyclization to an unsaturated thiomorpholine scaffold coincides with characteristic UV and CD effects, in particular when the reagent carries a proximate auxochromic nitro group. The UV changes and CD inductions were successfully used for determination of the absolute configuration, enantiomeric composition and total concentration of 18 test samples. This assay is highly selective for free cysteine while other amino acids, cysteine derived small peptides and biothiols do not interfere with the chiroptical signal generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Safia Kariapper
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - F Yushra Thanzeel
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Lily S Zandi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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16
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Sripada A, Thanzeel FY, Wolf C. Unified sensing of the concentration and enantiomeric composition of chiral compounds with an achiral probe. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Pu L. Chemoselective and Enantioselective Fluorescent Identification of Specific Amino Acid Enantiomers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8038-8048. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02363f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomers of chiral amino acids play versatile roles in biological systems including humans. They are also very useful in the asymmetric synthesis of diverse chiral organic compounds. Therefore, identification...
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18
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Ferré S, González-Ruiz V, Zangari J, Girel S, Martinou JC, Sardella R, Rudaz S. Separation and determination of cysteine enantiomers in plasma after derivatization with 4-fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazan. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 209:114539. [PMID: 34954468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The importance of D-amino acids in mammals associated with enantio-dependent biological functions has been increasingly highlighted. In addition to naturally occurring, D-amino acid supplementation could have a positive biological impact, including cytoprotective implications. In this context, supplementation with D-cysteine has revealed beneficial effects. Quantification of cysteine enantiomers in rodent plasma has been achieved by using 4-fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazan derivatization of the target analytes. Cystine, the main form of cysteine in the plasma, was initially reduced to cysteine using DL-dithiothreitol. Baseline enantioseparation was then achieved in less than 3 min using a (R,R)-Whelk-O 1 stationary phase and isocratic elution using CH3OH-H2O 90:10 (v/v) with 15 mM ammonium formate (apparent pH 6.0) at 0.5 mL/min. The derivatives were then detected using negative ESI-MS in SRM mode. An external calibration was employed for D-cysteine, while L-cysteine quantification, as an endogenous analyte, was addressed using a background subtraction strategy. The method was validated. Response functions were obtained from 0 to 300 µM and from 0 to 125 µM for D-cysteine and L-cysteine, respectively. The trueness ranged from 96% to 105% for both enantiomers with repeatability and intermediate precision lower than 8% and 15% for the D-form and the endogenous L-form, respectively. The method was successfully applied for determining D- and L-cysteine in mouse plasma after D-cysteine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ferré
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Víctor González-Ruiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Joséphine Zangari
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Sergey Girel
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland.
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19
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Unveiling Metabolic Phenotype Alterations in Anorexia Nervosa through Metabolomics. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124249. [PMID: 34959800 PMCID: PMC8706417 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental disorder characterized by an intense fear of weight gain that affects mainly young women. It courses with a negative body image leading to altered eating behaviors that have devastating physical, metabolic, and psychological consequences for the patients. Although its origin is postulated to be multifactorial, the etiology of AN remains unknown, and this increases the likelihood of chronification and relapsing. Thus, expanding the available knowledge on the pathophysiology of AN is of enormous interest. Metabolomics is proposed as a powerful tool for the elucidation of disease mechanisms and to provide new insights into the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of AN. A review of the literature related to studies of AN patients by employing metabolomic strategies to characterize the main alterations associated with the metabolic phenotype of AN during the last 10 years is described. The most common metabolic alterations are derived from chronic starvation, including amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate disturbances. Nonetheless, recent findings have shifted the attention to gut-microbiota metabolites as possible factors contributing to AN development, progression, and maintenance. We have identified the areas of ongoing research in AN and propose further perspectives to improve our knowledge and understanding of this disease.
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20
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Abdulbagi M, Wang L, Siddig O, Di B, Li B. D-Amino Acids and D-Amino Acid-Containing Peptides: Potential Disease Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets? Biomolecules 2021; 11:1716. [PMID: 34827714 PMCID: PMC8615943 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, amino acids are found in two forms, L and D enantiomers, except for glycine which does not have a chiral center. The change of one form to the other will lead to a change in the primary structure of proteins and hence may affect the function and biological activity of proteins. Indeed, several D-amino acid-containing peptides (DAACPs) were isolated from patients with cataracts, Alzheimer's and other diseases. Additionally, significant levels of free D-amino acids were found in several diseases, reflecting the disease conditions. Studying the molecular mechanisms of the DAACPs formation and the alteration in D-amino acids metabolism will certainly assist in understanding these diseases and finding new biomarkers and drug targets. In this review, the presence of DAACPs and free D-amino acids and their links with disease development and progress are summarized. Similarly, we highlight some recent advances in analytical techniques that led to improvement in the discovery and analysis of DAACPs and D-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdulbagi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.A.); (L.W.); (O.S.)
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.A.); (L.W.); (O.S.)
| | - Orwa Siddig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.A.); (L.W.); (O.S.)
| | - Bin Di
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.A.); (L.W.); (O.S.)
- Center Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (M.A.); (L.W.); (O.S.)
- Center Key Laboratory on Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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21
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Liu X, Ying J, Wang X, Zheng Q, Zhao T, Yoon S, Yu W, Yang D, Fang Y, Hua F. Astrocytes in Neural Circuits: Key Factors in Synaptic Regulation and Potential Targets for Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:729273. [PMID: 34658786 PMCID: PMC8515196 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.729273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the major glial cells in the brain, which play a supporting role in the energy and nutritional supply of neurons. They were initially regarded as passive space-filling cells, but the latest progress in the study of the development and function of astrocytes highlights their active roles in regulating synaptic transmission, formation, and plasticity. In the concept of "tripartite synapse," the bidirectional influence between astrocytes and neurons, in addition to their steady-state and supporting function, suggests that any negative changes in the structure or function of astrocytes will affect the activity of neurons, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders. The role of astrocytes in the pathophysiology of various neurological and psychiatric disorders caused by synaptic defects is increasingly appreciated. Understanding the roles of astrocytes in regulating synaptic development and the plasticity of neural circuits could help provide new treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingcui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Tiancheng Zhao
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sungtae Yoon
- Helping Minds International Charitable Foundation, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Danying Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
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22
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Pandey R, Collins M, Lu X, Sweeney SR, Chiou J, Lodi A, Tiziani S. Novel Strategy for Untargeted Chiral Metabolomics using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5805-5814. [PMID: 33818082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stereospecific recognition of metabolites plays a significant role in the detection of potential disease biomarkers thereby providing new insights in diagnosis and prognosis. D-Hdroxy/amino acids are recognized as potential biomarkers in several metabolic disorders. Despite continuous advances in metabolomics technologies, the simultaneous measurement of different classes of enantiomeric metabolites in a single analytical run remains challenging. Here, we develop a novel strategy for untargeted chiral metabolomics of hydroxy/amine groups (-OH/-NH2) containing metabolites, including all hydroxy acids (HAs) and amino acids (AAs), by chiral derivatization coupled with liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS/MS). Diacetyl-tartaric anhydride (DATAN) was used for the simultaneous derivatization of-OH/-NH2 containing metabolites as well as the resulting diastereomers, and all the derivatized metabolites were resolved in a single analytical run. Data independent MS/MS acquisition (DIA) was applied to positively identify DATAN-labeled metabolites based on reagent specific diagnostic fragment ions. We discriminated chiral from achiral metabolites based on the reversal of elution order of D and L isomers derivatized with the enantiomeric pair (±) of DATAN in an untargeted manner. Using the developed strategy, a library of 301 standards that consisted of 214 chiral and 87 achiral metabolites were separated and detected in a single analytical run. This approach was then applied to investigate the enantioselective metabolic profile of the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) plasma samples from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at diagnosis and following completion of the induction phase of chemotherapeutic treatment. The sensitivity and selectivity of the developed method enabled the detection of trace levels of the D-enantiomer of HAs and AAs in primary plasma patient samples. Several of these metabolites were significantly altered in response to chemotherapy. The developed LC-HR-MS method entails a valuable step forward in chiral metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Pandey
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Meghan Collins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Xiyuan Lu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Shannon R Sweeney
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jennifer Chiou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Alessia Lodi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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23
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Dyakin VV, Wisniewski TM, Lajtha A. Racemization in Post-Translational Modifications Relevance to Protein Aging, Aggregation and Neurodegeneration: Tip of the Iceberg. Symmetry (Basel) 2021; 13:455. [PMID: 34350031 PMCID: PMC8330555 DOI: 10.3390/sym13030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Homochirality of DNA and prevalent chirality of free and protein-bound amino acids in a living organism represents the challenge for modern biochemistry and neuroscience. The idea of an association between age-related disease, neurodegeneration, and racemization originated from the studies of fossils and cataract disease. Under the pressure of new results, this concept has a broader significance linking protein folding, aggregation, and disfunction to an organism's cognitive and behavioral functions. The integrity of cognitive function is provided by a delicate balance between the evolutionarily imposed molecular homo-chirality and the epigenetic/developmental impact of spontaneous and enzymatic racemization. The chirality of amino acids is the crucial player in the modulation the structure and function of proteins, lipids, and DNA. The collapse of homochirality by racemization is the result of the conformational phase transition. The racemization of protein-bound amino acids (spontaneous and enzymatic) occurs through thermal activation over the energy barrier or by the tunnel transfer effect under the energy barrier. The phase transition is achieved through the intermediate state, where the chirality of alpha carbon vanished. From a thermodynamic consideration, the system in the homo-chiral (single enantiomeric) state is characterized by a decreased level of entropy. The oscillating protein chirality is suggesting its distinct significance in the neurotransmission and flow of perceptual information, adaptive associative learning, and cognitive laterality. The common pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders include protein misfolding, aging, and the deposition of protease-resistant protein aggregates. Each of the landmarks is influenced by racemization. The brain region, cell type, and age-dependent racemization critically influence the functions of many intracellular, membrane-bound, and extracellular proteins including amyloid precursor protein (APP), TAU, PrP, Huntingtin, α-synuclein, myelin basic protein (MBP), and collagen. The amyloid cascade hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) coexists with the failure of amyloid beta (Aβ) targeting drug therapy. According to our view, racemization should be considered as a critical factor of protein conformation with the potential for inducing order, disorder, misfolding, aggregation, toxicity, and malfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V. Dyakin
- Virtual Reality Perception Lab (VRPL), The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Thomas M. Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Abel Lajtha
- Center for Neurochemistry, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
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24
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Shen J. D-Amino acid substituted peptides as potential alternatives of homochiral L-configurations. Amino Acids 2021; 53:265-280. [PMID: 33537892 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
On the primitive Earth, both L- and D-amino acids would have been present. However, only L-amino acids are essential blocks to construct proteins in modern life. To study the relative stability of D-amino acid substituted peptides, a variety of computational methods were applied. Ten prebiotic amino acids (Gly, Ala, Asp, Glu, Ile, Leu, Pro, Ser, Thr, and Val) were previously determined by multiple meteorite, spark discharge, and hydrothermal vent studies. Some previously reported early Earth polypeptide analogs were focused on in this study. Tripeptides composed of only Asp, Ser, and Val exemplified that different positions (i.e., N-terminus, C-terminus, and middle) made a difference in the minimal folding energy of peptides, while the chemical classification of amino acid (hydrophobic, acidic, or hydroxylic) did not show a significant difference. Hierarchical cluster analysis for dipeptides with all possible combinations of the proposed ten prebiotic amino acids and their D-amino acid substituted derivatives generated five clusters. Primordial simple polypeptides were modeled to test the significance of molecular fluctuations, secondary structure occupancies, and folding energy differences based on these clusters. We found peptides with α-helices, long β-sheets, and long loops are usually less sensitive to D-amino acid replacements in comparison to short β-sheets. Intriguingly, amongst 129 D-amino acid residues, mutation sensitivity profiles presented that the ratio of more to less stable residues was about 1. In conclusion, some combinations of a mixture of L- and D-amino acids can potentially act as essential building blocks of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxun Shen
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9AL, UK.
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Ploux E, Bouet V, Radzishevsky I, Wolosker H, Freret T, Billard JM. Serine Racemase Deletion Affects the Excitatory/Inhibitory Balance of the Hippocampal CA1 Network. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9447. [PMID: 33322577 PMCID: PMC7763099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
d-serine is the major co-agonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) at CA3/CA1 hippocampal synapses, the activation of which drives long-term potentiation (LTP). The use of mice with targeted deletion of the serine racemase (SR) enzyme has been an important tool to uncover the physiological and pathological roles of D-serine. To date, some uncertainties remain regarding the direction of LTP changes in SR-knockout (SR-KO) mice, possibly reflecting differences in inhibitory GABAergic tone in the experimental paradigms used in the different studies. On the one hand, our extracellular recordings in hippocampal slices show that neither isolated NMDAR synaptic potentials nor LTP were altered in SR-KO mice. This was associated with a compensatory increase in hippocampal levels of glycine, another physiologic NMDAR co-agonist. SR-KO mice displayed no deficits in spatial learning, reference memory and cognitive flexibility. On the other hand, SR-KO mice showed a weaker LTP and a lower increase in NMDAR potentials compared to controls when GABAA receptors were pharmacologically blocked. Our results indicate that depletion of endogenous D-serine caused a reduced inhibitory activity in CA1 hippocampal networks, altering the excitatory/inhibitory balance, which contributes to preserve functional plasticity at synapses and to maintain related cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ploux
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, Cyceron, CHU Caen, Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France; (E.P.); (V.B.); (T.F.)
| | - Valentine Bouet
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, Cyceron, CHU Caen, Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France; (E.P.); (V.B.); (T.F.)
| | - Inna Radzishevsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 31096, Israel; (I.R.); (H.W.)
| | - Herman Wolosker
- Department of Biochemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa 31096, Israel; (I.R.); (H.W.)
| | - Thomas Freret
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, Cyceron, CHU Caen, Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France; (E.P.); (V.B.); (T.F.)
| | - Jean-Marie Billard
- UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, Cyceron, CHU Caen, Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France; (E.P.); (V.B.); (T.F.)
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Identification of an l-serine/l-threonine dehydratase with glutamate racemase activity in mammals. Biochem J 2020; 477:4221-4241. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations have shown that multiple d-amino acids are present in mammals and these compounds have distinctive physiological functions. Free d-glutamate is present in various mammalian tissues and cells and in particular, it is presumably correlated with cardiac function, and much interest is growing in its unique metabolic pathways. Recently, we first identified d-glutamate cyclase as its degradative enzyme in mammals, whereas its biosynthetic pathway in mammals is unclear. Glutamate racemase is a most probable candidate, which catalyzes interconversion between d-glutamate and l-glutamate. Here, we identified the cDNA encoding l-serine dehydratase-like (SDHL) as the first mammalian clone with glutamate racemase activity. This rat SDHL had been deposited in mammalian databases as a protein of unknown function and its amino acid sequence shares ∼60% identity with that of l-serine dehydratase. Rat SDHL was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the enzymatic properties of the recombinant were characterized. The results indicated that rat SDHL is a multifunctional enzyme with glutamate racemase activity in addition to l-serine/l-threonine dehydratase activity. This clone is hence abbreviated as STDHgr. Further experiments using cultured mammalian cells confirmed that d-glutamate was synthesized and l-serine and l-threonine were decomposed. It was also found that SDHL (STDHgr) contributes to the homeostasis of several other amino acids.
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Ploux E, Freret T, Billard JM. d-serine in physiological and pathological brain aging. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1869:140542. [PMID: 32950692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Among aging-induced impairments, those affecting cognitive functions certainly represent one the most major challenge to face to improve elderly quality of life. In last decades, our knowledge on changes in the morphology and function of neuronal networks associated with normal and pathological brain aging has rapidly progressed, initiating the development of different pharmacological and behavioural strategies to alleviate cognitive aging. In particular, experimental evidences have accumulated indicating that the communication between neurons and its plasticity gradually weakens with aging. Because of its pivotal role for brain functional plasticity, the N-Methyl‑d-Aspartate receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (NMDAr) has gathered much of the experimental interest. NMDAr activation is regulated by many mechanisms. Among is the mandatory binding of a co-agonist, such as the amino acid d-serine, in order to activate NMDAr. This mini-review presents the most recent information indicating how d-serine could contribute to mechanisms of physiological cognitive aging and also considers the divergent views relative of the role of the NMDAr co-agonist in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ploux
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, CYCERON, COMETE, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - T Freret
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, CYCERON, COMETE, 14000 Caen, France
| | - J-M Billard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, CYCERON, COMETE, 14000 Caen, France.
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Katane M, Motoda R, Ariyoshi M, Tateishi S, Nakayama K, Saitoh Y, Miyamoto T, Sekine M, Mita M, Hamase K, Matoba S, Sakai-Kato K, Homma H. A colorimetric assay method for measuring d-glutamate cyclase activity. Anal Biochem 2020; 605:113838. [PMID: 32702438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, metabolism of free d-glutamate is regulated by d-glutamate cyclase (DGLUCY), which reversibly converts d-glutamate to 5-oxo-d-proline and H2O. Metabolism of these d-amino acids by DGLUCY is thought to regulate cardiac function. In this study, we established a simple, accurate, and sensitive colorimetric assay method for measuring DGLUCY activity. To this end, we optimized experimental procedures for derivatizing 5-oxo-d-proline with 2-nitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride. 5-Oxo-d-proline was derivatized with 2-nitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride in the presence of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide as a catalyst to generate the acid hydrazides, whose levels were then determined using a colorimetric method. Under optimized conditions, we examined the sensitivity and accuracy of the colorimetric method and compared our technique with other methods by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet-visible or fluorescence detection. Moreover, we assessed the suitability of this colorimetric method for measuring DGLUCY activity in biological samples. Our colorimetric method could determine DGLUCY activity with adequate validity and reliability. This method will help to elucidate the relationship among DGLUCY activity, the physiological and pathological roles of d-glutamate and 5-oxo-d-proline, and cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Katane
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Risa Motoda
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Makoto Ariyoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tateishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Saitoh
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masae Sekine
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masashi Mita
- Shiseido Co., Ltd, 1-1-16 Higashi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0021, Japan
| | - Kenji Hamase
- Department of Drug Discovery and Evolution, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kumiko Sakai-Kato
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Homma
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
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Tang W, Liu D, Traynelis SF, Yuan H. Positive allosteric modulators that target NMDA receptors rectify loss-of-function GRIN variants associated with neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuropharmacology 2020; 177:108247. [PMID: 32712275 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) mediate a slow component of excitatory synaptic transmission that plays important roles in normal brain function and development. A large number of disease-associated variants in the GRIN gene family encoding NMDAR GluN subunits have been identified in patients with various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Many of these variants reduce the function of NMDARs by a range of different mechanisms, including reduced glutamate potency, reduced glycine potency, accelerated deactivation time course, decreased surface expression, and/or reduced open probability. We have evaluated whether three positive allosteric modulators of NMDAR receptor function (24(S)-hydroxycholesterol, pregnenolone sulfate, tobramycin) and three co-agonists (d-serine, l-serine, and d-cycloserine) can mitigate the diminished function of NMDARs harboring GRIN variants. We examined the effects of these modulators on NMDARs that contained 21 different loss-of-function variants in GRIN1, GRIN2A, or GRIN2B, identified in patients with epilepsy, intellectual disability, autism, and/or movement disorders. For all variants, some aspect of the reduced function was partially restored. Moreover, some variants showed enhanced sensitivity to positive allosteric modulators compared to wild type receptors. These results raise the possibility that enhancement of NMDAR function by positive allosteric modulators may be a useful therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Neurobiological biomarkers of response to ketamine. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2020; 89:195-235. [PMID: 32616207 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As a field, psychiatry is undergoing an exciting paradigm shift toward early identification and intervention that will likely minimize both the burden associated with severe mental illnesses as well as their duration. In this context, the rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine has revolutionized our understanding of antidepressant response and greatly expanded the pharmacologic armamentarium for treatment-resistant depression. Efforts to characterize biomarkers of ketamine response support a growing emphasis on early identification, which would allow clinicians to identify biologically enriched subgroups with treatment-resistant depression who are more likely to benefit from ketamine therapy. This chapter presents a broad overview of a range of translational biomarkers, including those drawn from imaging and electrophysiological studies, sleep and circadian rhythms, and HPA axis/endocrine function as well as metabolic, immune, (epi)genetic, and neurotrophic biomarkers related to ketamine response. Ketamine's unique, rapid-acting properties may serve as a model to explore a whole new class of novel rapid-acting treatments with the potential to revolutionize drug development and discovery. However, it should be noted that although several of the biomarkers reviewed here provide promising insights into ketamine's mechanism of action, most studies have focused on acute rather than longer-term antidepressant effects and, at present, none of the biomarkers are ready for clinical use.
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Simultaneous Analysis of d,l-Amino Acids in Human Urine Using a Chirality-Switchable Biaryl Axial Tag and Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although d,l-amino acids are symmetrical molecules, l-isomers are generally dominant in living organisms. However, it has been found that some d-amino acids also have biological functions. A new method for simultaneously analyzing d,l-amino acids in biological samples is required to allow unknown functions of d-amino acids to be investigated. d-Amino acids in urine are currently receiving increasing amounts of attention, particularly for screening for chronic kidney diseases. However, simultaneously analyzing d,l-amino acids in human urine is challenging because of interfering unknown compounds in urine. In this study, the axially chiral derivatizing agent (R)-4-nitrophenyl-N-[2-(diethylamino)-6,6-dimethyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-2-yl] carbamate hydrochloride was used to allow enantiomers of amino acids in human urine to be simultaneously determined by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The optimized method gave good linearities, precision results, and recoveries for 18 proteinogenic amino acids and their enantiomers and glycine. The chiral-switching method using (S)-4-nitrophenyl-N-[2-(diethylamino)-6, 6-dimethyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-2-yl]carbamate hydrochloride confirmed the expected concentrations of 32 of the 37 analytes. The method was successfully used to determine the concentrations of d-serine, d-alanine, d-asparagine, d-allothreonine, d-lysine, and the d-isomers of 10 other amino acids in five human volunteer urine samples.
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Wu Q, Li Y, Wang Y, Lu H. Quantitative mass spectrometry imaging of amino acids with isomer differentiation in brain tissue via exhaustive liquid microjunction surface sampling–tandem mass tags labeling–ultra performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Biochemical characterization of d-aspartate oxidase from Caenorhabditis elegans: its potential use in the determination of free d-glutamate in biological samples. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140442. [PMID: 32376478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
d-Aspartate oxidase (DDO) is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-containing flavoprotein that stereospecifically acts on acidic d-amino acids (i.e., free d-aspartate and d-glutamate). Mammalian DDO, which exhibits higher activity toward d-aspartate than d-glutamate, is presumed to regulate levels of d-aspartate in the body and is not thought to degrade d-glutamate in vivo. By contrast, three DDO isoforms are present in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, DDO-1, DDO-2, and DDO-3, all of which exhibit substantial activity toward d-glutamate as well as d-aspartate. In this study, we optimized the Escherichia coli culture conditions for production of recombinant C. elegans DDO-1, purified the protein, and showed that it is a flavoprotein with a noncovalently but tightly attached FAD. Furthermore, C. elegans DDO-1, but not mammalian (rat) DDO, efficiently and selectively degraded d-glutamate in addition to d-aspartate, even in the presence of various other amino acids. Thus, C. elegans DDO-1 might be a useful tool for determining these acidic d-amino acids in biological samples.
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Yu Y, Yang J, Zheng LY, Sheng Q, Li CY, Wang M, Zhang XY, McMinn A, Zhang YZ, Song XY, Chen XL. Diversity of D-Amino Acid Utilizing Bacteria From Kongsfjorden, Arctic and the Metabolic Pathways for Seven D-Amino Acids. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2983. [PMID: 31998270 PMCID: PMC6965332 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
D-amino acids (DAAs) are an important component of the refractory dissolved organic matter pool in the ocean. Microbes play a vital role in promoting the recycling of DAAs in the ocean. However, the diversity of marine DAA-utilizing bacteria and how they metabolize DAAs are seldom studied. Here, by enrichment culture with DAAs as the sole nitrogen source, bacteria of 12 families from three phyla were recovered from surface seawater and sediment from Kongsfjorden, Arctic, and seven DAA-utilizing bacterial strains were isolated. These strains have different DAA-utilizing abilities. Of the seven DAAs used, Halomonas titanicae SM1922 and Pseudoalteromonas neustonica SM1927 were able to utilize seven and five of them, respectively, while the other strains were able to utilize only one or two. Based on genomic, transcriptional and biochemical analyses, the key genes involved in DAA metabolism in each strain were identified and the metabolic pathways for the seven DAAs in these marine bacteria were identified. Conversion of DAAs into α-keto acids is generally the main pathway in marine DAA-utilizing bacteria, which is performed by several key enzymes, including DAA oxidoreductases/dehydrogenases, D-serine ammonia-lyases, D-serine ammonia-lyase DSD1s and DAA transaminases. In addition, conversion of DAAs into LAAs is another pathway, which is performed by amino acid racemases. Among the identified key enzymes, D-serine ammonia-lyase DSD1 and Asp racemase are first found to be employed by bacteria for DAA utilization. These results shed light on marine DAA-utilizing bacteria and the involved DAA metabolism pathways, offering a better understanding of the DAA recycling in the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li-Yuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Andrew McMinn
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Effects of arsenic exposure on d-serine metabolism in the hippocampus of offspring mice at different developmental stages. Arch Toxicol 2019; 94:77-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Selective demethylation of two CpG sites causes postnatal activation of the Dao gene and consequent removal of D-serine within the mouse cerebellum. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:149. [PMID: 31661019 PMCID: PMC6819446 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed epigenetic modifications occurring at early postnatal brain developmental stages may have a long-lasting impact on brain function and complex behavior throughout life. Notably, it is now emerging that several genes that undergo perinatal changes in DNA methylation are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In this context, we envisaged that epigenetic modifications during the perinatal period may potentially drive essential changes in the genes regulating brain levels of critical neuromodulators such as D-serine and D-aspartate. Dysfunction of this fine regulation may contribute to the genesis of schizophrenia or other mental disorders, in which altered levels of D-amino acids are found. We recently demonstrated that Ddo, the D-aspartate degradation gene, is actively demethylated to ultimately reduce D-aspartate levels. However, the role of epigenetics as a mechanism driving the regulation of appropriate D-ser levels during brain development has been poorly investigated to date. METHODS We performed comprehensive ultradeep DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation profiling along with mRNA expression and HPLC-based D-amino acids level analyses of genes controlling the mammalian brain levels of D-serine and D-aspartate. DNA methylation changes occurring in specific cerebellar cell types were also investigated. We conducted high coverage targeted bisulfite sequencing by next-generation sequencing and single-molecule bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS We report consistent spatiotemporal modifications occurring at the Dao gene during neonatal development in a specific brain region (the cerebellum) and within specific cell types (astrocytes) for the first time. Dynamic demethylation at two specific CpG sites located just downstream of the transcription start site was sufficient to strongly activate the Dao gene, ultimately promoting the complete physiological degradation of cerebellar D-serine a few days after mouse birth. High amount of 5'-hydroxymethylcytosine, exclusively detected at relevant CpG sites, strongly evoked the occurrence of an active demethylation process. CONCLUSION The present investigation demonstrates that robust and selective demethylation of two CpG sites is associated with postnatal activation of the Dao gene and consequent removal of D-serine within the mouse cerebellum. A single-molecule methylation approach applied at the Dao locus promises to identify different cell-type compositions and functions in different brain areas and developmental stages.
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Thanzeel FY, Sripada A, Wolf C. Quantitative Chiroptical Sensing of Free Amino Acids, Biothiols, Amines, and Amino Alcohols with an Aryl Fluoride Probe. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16382-16387. [PMID: 31564090 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The comprehensive determination of the absolute configuration, enantiomeric ratio, and total amount of standard amino acids by optical methods adaptable to high-throughput screening with modern plate readers has remained a major challenge to date. We now present a small-molecular probe that smoothly reacts with amino acids and biothiols in aqueous solution and thereby generates distinct chiroptical responses to accomplish this task. The achiral sensor is readily available, inexpensive, and suitable for chiroptical analysis of each of the 19 standard amino acids, biothiols, aliphatic, and aromatic amines and amino alcohols. The sensing method is operationally simple, and data collection and processing are straightforward. The utility and practicality of the assay are demonstrated with the accurate analysis of 10 aspartic acid samples covering a wide concentration range and largely varying enantiomeric compositions. Accurate er sensing of 85 scalemic samples of Pro, Met, Cys, Ala, methylpyrrolidine, 1-(2-naphthyl)amine, and mixtures thereof is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yushra Thanzeel
- Department of Chemistry , Georgetown University , 37th and O Streets , Washington , D.C. 20057 , United States
| | - Archita Sripada
- Department of Chemistry , Georgetown University , 37th and O Streets , Washington , D.C. 20057 , United States
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry , Georgetown University , 37th and O Streets , Washington , D.C. 20057 , United States
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38
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Biaryl axially chiral derivatizing agent for simultaneous separation and sensitive detection of proteinogenic amino acid enantiomers using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1593:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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Nagano T, Yamao S, Terachi A, Yarimizu H, Itoh H, Katasho R, Kawai K, Nakashima A, Iwasaki T, Kikkawa U, Kamada S. d-amino acid oxidase promotes cellular senescence via the production of reactive oxygen species. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/1/e201800045. [PMID: 30659069 PMCID: PMC6339261 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reveals a novel role of d-amino acid oxidase in promoting cellular senescence induced by genotoxic stresses via enzymatic generation of reactive oxygen species. d-amino acid oxidase (DAO) is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)–dependent oxidase metabolizing neutral and polar d-amino acids. Unlike l-amino acids, the amounts of d-amino acids in mammalian tissues are extremely low, and therefore, little has been investigated regarding the physiological role of DAO. We have recently identified DAO to be up-regulated in cellular senescence, a permanent cell cycle arrest induced by various stresses, such as persistent DNA damage and oxidative stress. Because DAO produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts of substrate oxidation and the accumulation of ROS mediates the senescence induction, we explored the relationship between DAO and senescence. We found that inhibition of DAO impaired senescence induced by DNA damage, and ectopic expression of wild-type DAO, but not enzymatically inactive mutant, enhanced it in an ROS-dependent manner. Furthermore, addition of d-amino acids and riboflavin, a metabolic precursor of FAD, to the medium potentiated the senescence-promoting effect of DAO. These results indicate that DAO promotes senescence through the enzymatic ROS generation, and its activity is regulated by the availability of its substrate and coenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Nagano
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yamao
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Anju Terachi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hidetora Yarimizu
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Haruki Itoh
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryoko Katasho
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kawai
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akio Nakashima
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Iwasaki
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ushio Kikkawa
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamada
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan .,Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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40
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MacKay MAB, Kravtsenyuk M, Thomas R, Mitchell ND, Dursun SM, Baker GB. D-Serine: Potential Therapeutic Agent and/or Biomarker in Schizophrenia and Depression? Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:25. [PMID: 30787885 PMCID: PMC6372501 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
D-Serine is a potent co-agonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor and has been the object of many preclinical studies to ascertain the nature of its metabolism, its regional and cellular distribution in the brain, its physiological functions and its possible clinical relevance. The enzymes involved in its formation and catabolism are serine racemase (SR) and D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO), respectively, and manipulations of the activity of those enzymes have been useful in developing animal models of schizophrenia and in providing clues to the development of potential new antipsychotic strategies. Clinical studies have been conducted in schizophrenia patients to evaluate body fluid levels of D-serine and/or to use D-serine alone or in combination with antipsychotics to determine its effectiveness as a therapeutic agent. D-serine has also been used in combination with DAAO inhibitors in preclinical investigations, and interesting results have been obtained. Genetic studies and postmortem brain studies have also been conducted on D-serine and the enzymes involved in its metabolism. It is also of considerable interest that in recent years clinical and preclinical investigations have suggested that D-serine may also have antidepressant properties. Clinical studies have also shown that D-serine may be a biomarker for antidepressant response to ketamine. Relevant to both schizophrenia and depression, preclinical and clinical studies with D-serine indicate that it may be effective in reducing cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Anne B MacKay
- Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Maryana Kravtsenyuk
- Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rejish Thomas
- Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nicholas D Mitchell
- Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Serdar M Dursun
- Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Glen B Baker
- Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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41
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Stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by exogenous and endogenous ligands improves outcome of brain injury. Curr Opin Neurol 2018; 31:687-692. [DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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42
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Pollegioni L, Sasabe J. Editorial: Bioscience of D-amino Acid Oxidase From Biochemistry to Pathophysiology. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:108. [PMID: 30547038 PMCID: PMC6279929 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Loredano Pollegioni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Jumpei Sasabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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43
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Billard JM. Changes in Serine Racemase-Dependent Modulation of NMDA Receptor: Impact on Physiological and Pathological Brain Aging. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:106. [PMID: 30555832 PMCID: PMC6282039 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-methyl-D-Aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are pivotal for the functional and morphological plasticity that are required in neuronal networks for efficient brain activities and notably for cognitive-related abilities. Because NMDARs are heterogeneous in subunit composition and associated with multiple functional regulatory sites, their efficacy is under the tonic influence of numerous allosteric modulations, whose dysfunction generally represents the first step generating pathological states. Among the enzymatic candidates, serine racemase (SR) has recently gathered an increasing interest considering that it tightly regulates the production of d-serine, an amino acid now viewed as the main endogenous co-agonist necessary for NMDAR activation. Nowadays, SR deregulation is associated with a wide range of neurological and psychiatric diseases including schizophrenia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and depression. This review aims at compelling the most recent experimental evidences indicating that changes in SR-related modulation of NMDARs also govern opposite functional dysfunctions in physiological and pathological (Alzheimer's disease) aging that finally results in memory disabilities in both cases. It also highlights SR as a relevant alternative target for new pharmacological strategies aimed at preventing functional alterations and cognitive impairments linked to the aging process.
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44
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Neuronal serine racemase associates with Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 and DISC1 agglomerates: Implications for schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2018; 692:107-114. [PMID: 30391323 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
D-Serine, an endogenous coagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) at the glycine binding site, is synthesized by serine racemase (SR) through conversion of l-Serine. Dysregulation of SR/D-Serine and Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) contributes to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia at converging pathways, as perturbation of SR-DISC1 binding in astrocytes elicits schizophrenia-like behaviors in mice. However, an association of neuronal SR with DISC1 remains elusive. Here we report that SR associates with DISC1 and its agglomerates in cortical neurons, which can be modulated by NMDAR activity. Endogenous SR colocalizes with DISC1 large agglomerates in the soma and with smaller puncta in the nucleus and dendrites of cortical neurons. Co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate SR interaction with DISC1 in cortical neuronal lysates, suggesting the physiological presence of functional SR-DISC1 complexes in neurons. Moreover, exogenous d-Serine application significantly increases the interaction of SR with DISC1, the number of DISC1-SR large agglomerates and the levels of DISC1 agglomerated form along with SR in the triton-insoluble pellet fraction, whereas application of glycine with a glycine transporter inhibitor fails to increase their interactions, abundance of DISC1-SR large agglomerates and levels of DISC1 agglomerated form. This increase by d-Serine application is blocked by 7-chlorokynurenic acid, a specific antagonist at the glycine site of NMDARs, suggesting mediation through NMDARs. Our findings thus demonstrate neuronal SR association with DISC1 and its agglomerates, which can be modulated by d-Serine, thereby validating a novel neuronal SR-DISC1 complex responsive to NMDAR activation and providing a molecular mechanism by which pathways implicated in schizophrenia converge.
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45
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Ball J, Gannavaram S, Gadda G. Structural determinants for substrate specificity of flavoenzymes oxidizing d-amino acids. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 660:87-96. [PMID: 30312594 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of d-amino acids is relevant to neurodegenerative diseases, detoxification, and nutrition in microorganisms and mammals. It is also important for the resolution of racemic amino acid mixtures and the preparation of chiral building blocks for the pharmaceutical and food industry. Considerable biochemical and structural knowledge has been accrued in recent years on the enzymes that carry out the oxidation of the Cα-N bond of d-amino acids. These enzymes contain FAD as a required coenzyme, share similar overall three-dimensional folds and highly conserved active sites, but differ in their specificity for substrates with neutral, anionic, or cationic side-chains. Here, we summarize the current biochemical and structural knowledge regarding substrate specificity on d-amino acid oxidase, d-aspartate oxidase, and d-arginine dehydrogenase for which a wealth of biochemical and structural studies is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Ball
- Departments of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302-3965, USA
| | - Swathi Gannavaram
- Departments of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302-3965, USA
| | - Giovanni Gadda
- Departments of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302-3965, USA; Departments of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302-3965, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302-3965, USA; Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302-3965, USA.
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46
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Katane M, Ariyoshi M, Tateishi S, Koiwai S, Takaku K, Nagai K, Nakayama K, Saitoh Y, Miyamoto T, Sekine M, Mita M, Hamase K, Matoba S, Homma H. Structural and enzymatic properties of mammalian d-glutamate cyclase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 654:10-18. [PMID: 30003876 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
d-Glutamate cyclase (DGLUCY) is a unique enzyme that reversibly converts free d-glutamate to 5-oxo-d-proline and H2O. Mammalian DGLUCY is highly expressed in the mitochondrial matrix in the heart, and its downregulation disrupts d-glutamate and/or 5-oxo-d-proline levels, contributing to the onset and/or exacerbation of heart failure. However, detailed characterisation of DGLUCY has not yet been performed. Herein, the structural and enzymatic properties of purified recombinant mouse DGLUCY were examined. The results revealed a dimeric oligomerisation state, and both d-glutamate-to-5-oxo-d-proline and 5-oxo-d-proline-to-d-glutamate reactions were catalysed in a stereospecific manner. Catalytic activity is modulated by divalent cations and nucleotides including ATP and ADP. Interestingly, the presence of Mn2+ completely abolished the 5-oxo-d-proline-to-d-glutamate reaction but stimulated the d-glutamate-to-5-oxo-d-proline reaction. The optimum pH is ∼8.0, similar to that in the mitochondrial matrix, and the catalytic efficiency for d-glutamate is markedly higher than that for 5-oxo-d-proline. These findings suggest that DGLUCY functions as a metalloenzyme that degrades d-glutamate in the mitochondrial matrix in mammalian cells. The results also provide insight into the correlation between DGLUCY enzyme activity and the physiological and pathological roles of d-glutamate and 5-oxo-d-proline in cardiac function, which is of relevance to the risk of onset of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Katane
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Makoto Ariyoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Tateishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Sachi Koiwai
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kaoruko Takaku
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Nagai
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Saitoh
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masae Sekine
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masashi Mita
- Shiseido Co., Ltd, 1-1-16 Higashi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0021, Japan
| | - Kenji Hamase
- Department of Drug Discovery and Evolution, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Homma
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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47
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He Z, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Cheng H, Liu X. Stereoselective bioaccumulation of chiral PCB 91 in earthworm and its metabolomic and lipidomic responses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:421-430. [PMID: 29587213 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stereoselective bioaccumulation, elimination, metabolomic and lipidomic responses of earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to chiral polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 91 in an earthworm-soil system were investigated. Preferential bioaccumulation of (-)-PCB 91 and elimination of (+)-PCB 91 were observed following 50 and 500 μg/kgdwt exposures. Enantiomer fraction (EF) values decreased over time during the uptake and elimination periods. Metabolomics and lipidomics techniques based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) revealed significant changes in 108 metabolites after earthworms exposure to (+)-, (-)-, and (±)-PCB 91, compared to control groups. Forty two of these metabolites were identified as amino acids, nucleosides, fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids, vitamins or others. Lysophospholipids including six lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), six lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), eight lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) and five lysophosphatidylserine (LPS) were also differentially expressed between exposure and control groups. Alterations in the levels of metabolites and lipids indicated stereoselective effects of chiral PCB 91 on earthworm amino acid, energy, and nucleotide metabolism, neurodevelopment and gene expression. Overall, the effects of (+)-PCB 91 were more pronounced than that of (-)- and (±)-PCB 91.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeying He
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, PR China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, PR China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, PR China
| | - Haiyan Cheng
- SCIEX, Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100015, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, PR China.
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48
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Liraz-Zaltsman S, Slusher B, Atrakchi-Baranes D, Rosenblatt K, Friedman Levi Y, Kesner E, Silva AJ, Biegon A, Shohami E. Enhancement of Brain d-Serine Mediates Recovery of Cognitive Function after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:1667-1680. [PMID: 29648983 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits, especially memory loss, are common and devastating neuropsychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The deficits may persist for years and may be accompanied by increased risk of developing early- onset dementia. Past attempts to reverse the neuropathological effects of brain injury with glutamate-N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists failed to show any benefits or worsened the outcome, suggesting that activation, rather than blockage, of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) may be useful in the subacute period after TBI and stroke. Activation of the NMDAR requires occupation of the glycine-modulatory site by co-agonists to achieve its synaptic functions. Glycine and d-serine are endogenous ligands/co-agonists of synaptic NMDARs in many areas of the mature brain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 6-chlorobenzo(d)isoxazol-3-ol (CBIO), an inhibitor of D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO), which degrades d-serine, on cognitive outcome in a mouse model of TBI. Because treating TBI animals with CBIO elevates the endogenous levels of d-serine, we compared this novel treatment with treatment by exogenous d-serine alone and combined with CBIO. The results show that a single treatment (24 h post-injury) with CBIO in the mouse model of closed head injury significantly improves cognitive and motor function, and decreases lesion volume and the inflammatory response. Moreover, the compound proved to be neuroprotective, as the hippocampal volume and the number of neurons in hippocampal regions increased. Treatment with CBIO boosted the NR1 and phospho- NR1 subunits of the NMDAR and affected the CREB, phospho-CREB, and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) pathways. These findings render CBIO a promising, novel treatment for cognitive impairment following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Liraz-Zaltsman
- 1 The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center , Tel Hashomer, Israel .,2 Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Barbara Slusher
- 3 Johns Hopkin Drug Discovery and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Yael Friedman Levi
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Efrat Kesner
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alcino J Silva
- 5 Integrative Center for Learning and Memory Brain Research Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Anat Biegon
- 6 Department of Radiology and Neurology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine , Stony Brook, New York
| | - Esther Shohami
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University , Jerusalem, Israel
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49
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Pollegioni L, Mothet JP, Molla G. Special issue on "d-amino acids: biology in the mirror". BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1866:741-742. [PMID: 29679765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Han M, Xie M, Han J, Yuan D, Yang T, Xie Y. Development and validation of a rapid, selective, and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of D- and L-amino acids in human serum: application to the study of hepatocellular carcinoma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2517-2531. [PMID: 29492623 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of D- and L-amino acids in human serum. Under the optimum conditions, except for DL-proline, L-glutamine, and D-lysine, the enantioseparation of the other 19 enantiomeric pairs of proteinogenic amino acids and nonchiral glycine was achieved with a CROWNPAK CR-I(+) chiral column within 13 min. The lower limits of quantitation for L-amino acids (including glycine) and D-amino acids were 5-56.25 μM and 0.625-500 nM, respectively, in human serum. The intraday precision and interday precision for all the analytes were less than 15%, and the accuracy ranged from -12.84% to 12.37% at three quality control levels. The proposed method, exhibiting high rapidity, enantioresolution, and sensitivity, was successfully applied to the quantification of D- and L-amino acid levels in serum from hepatocellular carcinoma patients and healthy individuals. The serum concentrations of L-arginine, L-isoleucine, L-aspartate, L-tryptophan, L-alanine, L-methionine, L-serine, glycine, L-valine, L-leucine, L-phenylalanine, L-threonine, D-isoleucine, D-alanine, D-glutamate, D-glutamine, D-methionine, and D-threonine were significantly reduced in the hepatocellular carcinoma patients compared with the healthy individuals (P < 0.01). D-Glutamate and D-glutamine were identified as the most downregulated serum markers (fold change greater than 1.5), which deserves further attention in hepatocellular carcinoma research. Graphical abstract Simultaneous determination of D- and L-amino acids in human serum from hepatocellular carcinoma patients and healthy individuals. AA amino acid, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, LC liquid chromatography, MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry, NC normal control, TIC total ion chromatogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minlu Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mengyu Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Daoyi Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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