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Blázquez MA. Polyamines: Their Role in Plant Development and Stress. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:95-117. [PMID: 38382905 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070623-110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on the intricate relationship between plant polyamines and the genetic circuits and signaling pathways that regulate various developmental programs and the defense responses of plants when faced with biotic and abiotic aggressions. Particular emphasis is placed on genetic evidence supporting the involvement of polyamines in specific processes, such as the pivotal role of thermospermine in regulating xylem cell differentiation and the significant contribution of polyamine metabolism in enhancing plant resilience to drought. Based on the numerous studies describing effects of the manipulation of plant polyamine levels, two conceptually different mechanisms for polyamine activity are discussed: direct participation of polyamines in translational regulation and the indirect production of hydrogen peroxide as a defensive mechanism against pathogens. By describing the multifaceted functions of polyamines, this review underscores the profound significance of these compounds in enabling plants to adapt and thrive in challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Blázquez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain;
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2
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Zhao X, Wang S, Guo F, Xia P. Genome-wide identification of polyamine metabolism and ethylene synthesis genes in Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and their responses to low-temperature stress. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:370. [PMID: 38627628 PMCID: PMC11020822 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is valued for its nutritional richness. However, pre-harvest sprouting poses a significant threat to yield and grain quality. This study aims to enhance our understanding of pre-harvest sprouting mitigation strategies, specifically through delayed sowing and avoiding rainy seasons during quinoa maturation. The overarching goal is to identify cold-resistant varieties and unravel the molecular mechanisms behind the low-temperature response of quinoa. We employed bioinformatics and genomics tools for a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of polyamines (PAs) and ethylene synthesis gene families in quinoa under low-temperature stress. RESULTS This involved the identification of 37 PA biosynthesis and 30 PA catabolism genes, alongside 227 ethylene synthesis. Structural and phylogenetic analyses showcased conserved patterns, and subcellular localization predictions indicated diverse cellular distributions. The results indicate that the PA metabolism of quinoa is closely linked to ethylene synthesis, with multiple genes showing an upregulation in response to cold stress. However, differential expression within gene families suggests a nuanced regulatory network. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study contributes valuable insights for the functional characterization of the PA metabolism and ethylene synthesis of quinoa, which emphasize their roles in plant low-temperature tolerance and providing a foundation for future research in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zhao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Fenggen Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China.
| | - Pan Xia
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
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3
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Xie A, Lv M, Zhang D, Shi Y, Yang L, Yang X, Du J, Sun L, Sun X. Effects of slight shading in summer on the leaf senescence and endogenous hormone and polyamine contents in herbaceous peony. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18714. [PMID: 37907675 PMCID: PMC10618196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbaceous peony is a perennial root plant that likes light and is cold-resistant. During summer, high temperature and strong light intensity advance its entry into the leaf wilting stage, which limits the accumulation of nutrients and formation of strong buds and severely affects its growth and development the following year. In this study, the wild herbaceous peony species and two main cultivars, 'Zifengyu' and 'Hongfengyu', were subjected to slight shading and strong light environments in summer, and their effects on leaf senescence and endogenous hormone and polyamine contents were explored. Slight shading treatment significantly delayed withering, increased the leaf net photosynthetic rate, and increased the chlorophyll, soluble sugar, indole-3-acetic acid, zeatin, gibberellin, spermine, spermidine, putrescine, and polyamine contents. Additionally, slight shading significantly reduced the proline and abscisic acid contents. Slight shading during summer prolonged the green period and delayed leaf senescence. The tolerance of tested materials to strong light intensity in summer was ranked as follows: 'Zifengyu' > 'Hongfengyu' > wild species. In conclusion, this study revealed that summer leaf senescence is delayed in herbaceous peony through shading and growth regulators. Additional varieties should be evaluated to provide reference for high-efficiency, high-quality, and high-yield cultivation of herbaceous peony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Xie
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Mengwen Lv
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dongliang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yajie Shi
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Lijin Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Du
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
- School of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal Unversity, Huainan, 232038, Anhui, China.
| | - Limin Sun
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Xia Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shandong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Stolarska E, Tanwar UK, Guan Y, Grabsztunowicz M, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Phanstiel O, Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E. Genetic portrait of polyamine transporters in barley: insights in the regulation of leaf senescence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1194737. [PMID: 37332717 PMCID: PMC10272464 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1194737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most expensive nutrients to supply, therefore, improving the efficiency of N use is essential to reduce the cost of commercial fertilization in plant production. Since cells cannot store reduced N as NH3 or NH4 +, polyamines (PAs), the low molecular weight aliphatic nitrogenous bases, are important N storage compounds in plants. Manipulating polyamines may provide a method to increase nitrogen remobilization efficiency. Homeostasis of PAs is maintained by intricate multiple feedback mechanisms at the level of biosynthesis, catabolism, efflux, and uptake. The molecular characterization of the PA uptake transporter (PUT) in most crop plants remains largely unknown, and knowledge of polyamine exporters in plants is lacking. Bi-directional amino acid transporters (BATs) have been recently suggested as possible PAs exporters for Arabidopsis and rice, however, detailed characterization of these genes in crops is missing. This report describes the first systematic study to comprehensively analyze PA transporters in barley (Hordeum vulgare, Hv), specifically the PUT and BAT gene families. Here, seven PUTs (HvPUT1-7) and six BATs (HvBAT1-6) genes were identified as PA transporters in the barley genome and the detailed characterization of these HvPUT and HvBAT genes and proteins is provided. Homology modeling of all studied PA transporters provided 3D structures prediction of the proteins of interest with high accuracy. Moreover, molecular docking studies provided insights into the PA-binding pockets of HvPUTs and HvBATs facilitating improved understanding of the mechanisms and interactions involved in HvPUT/HvBAT-mediated transport of PAs. We also examined the physiochemical characteristics of PA transporters and discuss the function of PA transporters in barley development, and how they help barley respond to stress, with a particular emphasis on leaf senescence. Insights gained here could lead to improved barley production via modulation of polyamine homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Stolarska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Umesh Kumar Tanwar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Yufeng Guan
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magda Grabsztunowicz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Otto Phanstiel
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Zheng Y, Cabassa-Hourton C, Planchais S, Crilat E, Clément G, Dacher M, Durand N, Bordenave-Jacquemin M, Guivarc'h A, Dourmap C, Carol P, Lebreton S, Savouré A. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase is an essential enzyme for proline dehydrogenase function during dark-induced senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:901-917. [PMID: 36583533 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
During leaf senescence, nitrogen is remobilized and carbon backbones are replenished by amino acid catabolism, with many of the key reactions occurring in mitochondria. The intermediate Δ1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) is common to some catabolic pathways, thus linking the metabolism of several amino acids, including proline and arginine. Specifically, mitochondrial proline catabolism involves sequential action of proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) and P5C dehydrogenase (P5CDH) to produce P5C and then glutamate. Arginine catabolism produces urea and ornithine, the latter in the presence of α-ketoglutarate being converted by ornithine δ-aminotransferase (OAT) into P5C and glutamate. Metabolic changes during dark-induced leaf senescence (DIS) were studied in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves of Col-0 and in prodh1prodh2, p5cdh and oat mutants. Progression of DIS was followed by measuring chlorophyll and proline contents for 5 days. Metabolomic profiling of 116 compounds revealed similar profiles of Col-0 and oat metabolism, distinct from prodh1prodh2 and p5cdh metabolism. Metabolic dynamics were accelerated in p5cdh by 1 day. Notably, more P5C and proline accumulated in p5cdh than in prodh1prodh2. ProDH1 enzymatic activity and protein amount were significantly down-regulated in p5cdh mutant at Day 4 of DIS. Mitochondrial P5C levels appeared critical in determining the flow through interconnected amino acid remobilization pathways to sustain senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zheng
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Cécile Cabassa-Hourton
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Séverine Planchais
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Emilie Crilat
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Gilles Clément
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRAE-AgroParisTech, Centre INRAE, Versailles, France
| | - Matthieu Dacher
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Nina Durand
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Marianne Bordenave-Jacquemin
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Anne Guivarc'h
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Corentin Dourmap
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Carol
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Lebreton
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
| | - Arnould Savouré
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES), Paris, France
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Altaf F, Parveen S, Farooq S, Ul Haq A, Lone ML, Tahir I, Kaushik P, El-Serehy HA. Polyamines effectively mitigate senescence in persistent leaves of Berginia ciliata - a novel model system. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:136-145. [PMID: 35144727 DOI: 10.1071/fp21273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaves provide a unique insight into the changes that occur in organs, tissues and cells as they approach senescence. As part of the parental outlay, plants instigate leaf senescence to reallocate resources from older tissues to new organs towards the termination of the growing season. The aim of crop breeding initiatives is to optimize senescence for specific species. Considering hormonal regulation and their crosstalk during leaf senescence through integration of developmental signals, this work examines the efficacy of polyamines (PAs) in modulating several biochemical and physiological aspects with an ultimate aim to delay leaf senescence in leaf discs of Berginia ciliata (Haw.) sternb. Leaf discs were treated with putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) at 20μM, 20μM and 15μM concentration, respectively. A set of leaf discs kept in distilled water served as the control. Leaf discs treated with PAs were green and fresh by about 4 days compared to the control, thus exhibited delayed senescence. This delayed leaf senescence corroborated with the maintenance of high activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging antioxidant enzymes viz , superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and higher content of chlorophylls. A marked increase was also observed in membrane stability and soluble proteins in leaf discs treated with PAs. Exogenous PAs reduced oxidative stress in the leaf discs, as revealed by lower malondialdehyde (MDA) level, which is manifested as reduced lipid peroxidation (LPO). Improved membrane stability was proportional to lower LPO, as measured by the membrane stability index (MSI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Foziya Altaf
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Shazia Parveen
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Sumira Farooq
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Aehsan Ul Haq
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Mohammad Lateef Lone
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Inayatullah Tahir
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Hamed A El-Serehy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Gustin MS, Dunham-Cheatham SM, Harper JF, Choi WG, Blum JD, Johnson MW. Investigation of the biochemical controls on mercury uptake and mobility in trees. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158101. [PMID: 35987220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric elemental mercury (Hg(0)) enters plant stomata, becomes oxidized, and is then transferred to annual growth rings providing an archive of air Hg(0) concentrations. To better understand the processes of Hg accumulation and translocation, the foliage of quaking aspen and Austrian pine were exposed to Hg(0), and methylmercury (MeHg) or Me198Hg via roots, in controlled exposures during the summer. Isotopic measurements demonstrated, in a laboratory setting, that the natural mass-dependent fractionation observed was the same as that measured in field studies, with the lighter isotopes being preferentially taken up by the leaves. Hg was measured in plant tissues across seasons. Aspen trees moved Hg into new growth immediately after exposure, resorbed Hg in the fall, and then distributed Hg to new growth tissues in the spring. Austrian pine did not reallocate Hg. Mercury measured in aspen leaf fractions of trees exposed to Hg(0) demonstrated that 85 % of Hg was in the cell wall. It was also found that redox-active molecules, such as H2O2, could potentiate the release of cell wall-bound Hg from aspen leaves, providing a potential mechanism for remobilization. Regardless of the mechanism, the ability of aspen to reallocate Hg to new tissues indicates that Hg distribution in tree rings from aspen do not provide a reliable record of yearly changes in atmospheric Hg(0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mae Sexauer Gustin
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Mail Stop 186, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Sarrah M Dunham-Cheatham
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Mail Stop 186, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Jeffrey F Harper
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Won-Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Joel D Blum
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Michigan, 1100 N University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marcus W Johnson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Michigan, 1100 N University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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8
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Cheng X, Pang F, Tian W, Tang X, Wu L, Hu X, Zhu H. Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the molecular mechanism of GhSAMDC 1 involving in rapid vegetative growth and early flowering in tobacco. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13612. [PMID: 35948667 PMCID: PMC9365820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous study, ectopic expression of GhSAMDC1 improved vegetative growth and early flowering in tobacco, which had been explained through changes of polyamine content, polyamines and flowering relate genes expression. To further disclose the transcript changes of ectopic expression of GhSAMDC1 in tobacco, the leaves from wild type and two transgenic lines at seedling (30 days old), bolting (60 days old) and flowering (90 days old) stages were performed for transcriptome analysis. Compared to wild type, a total of 938 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be up- or down-regulated in the two transgenic plants. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that tobacco of wild-type and transgenic lines were controlled by a complex gene network, which regulated multiple metabolic pathways. Phytohormone detection indicate GhSAMDC1 affect endogenous phytohormone content, ABA and JA content are remarkably increased in transgenic plants. Furthermore, transcript factor analysis indicated 18 transcript factor families, including stress response, development and flowering related transcript factor families, especially AP2-EREBP, WRKY, HSF and Tify are the most over-represented in those transcript factor families. In conclusion, transcriptome analysis provides insights into the molecular mechanism of GhSAMDC1 involving rapid vegetative growth and early flowering in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Cheng
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei, China
| | - Fangqin Pang
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei, China
| | - Wengang Tian
- College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinxin Tang
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei, China
| | - Lan Wu
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei, China
| | - Huaguo Zhu
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei, China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei, China.
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9
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Sasi JM, Gupta S, Singh A, Kujur A, Agarwal M, Katiyar-Agarwal S. Know when and how to die: gaining insights into the molecular regulation of leaf senescence. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1515-1534. [PMID: 36389097 PMCID: PMC9530073 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is the ultimate phase in the life cycle of leaves which is crucial for recycling of nutrients to maintain plant fitness and reproductive success. The earliest visible manifestation of leaf senescence is their yellowing, which usually commences with the breakdown of chlorophyll. The degradation process involves a gradual and highly coordinated disassembly of macromolecules resulting in the accumulation of nutrients, which are subsequently mobilized from the senescing leaves to the developing organs. Leaf senescence progresses under overly tight genetic and molecular control involving a well-orchestrated and intricate network of regulators that coordinate spatio-temporally with the influence of both internal and external cues. Owing to the advancements in omics technologies, the availability of mutant resources, scalability of molecular analyses methodologies and the advanced capacity to integrate multidimensional data, our understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of leaf ageing has greatly expanded. The review provides a compilation of the multitier regulation of senescence process and the interrelation between the environment and the terminal phase of leaf development. The knowledge gained would benefit in devising the strategies for manipulation of leaf senescence process to improve crop quality and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothish Madambikattil Sasi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Shitij Gupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Apurva Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Alice Kujur
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021 India
- USDA-ARS Plant Genetics Research Unit, The Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132 USA
- Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology (CEGSB), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana 502324 India
| | - Manu Agarwal
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi North Campus, Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Surekha Katiyar-Agarwal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021 India
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10
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Liebsch D, Juvany M, Li Z, Wang HL, Ziolkowska A, Chrobok D, Boussardon C, Wen X, Law SR, Janečková H, Brouwer B, Lindén P, Delhomme N, Stenlund H, Moritz T, Gardeström P, Guo H, Keech O. Metabolic control of arginine and ornithine levels paces the progression of leaf senescence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1943-1960. [PMID: 35604104 PMCID: PMC9342962 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence can be induced by stress or aging, sometimes in a synergistic manner. It is generally acknowledged that the ability to withstand senescence-inducing conditions can provide plants with stress resilience. Although the signaling and transcriptional networks responsible for a delayed senescence phenotype, often referred to as a functional stay-green trait, have been actively investigated, very little is known about the subsequent metabolic adjustments conferring this aptitude to survival. First, using the individually darkened leaf (IDL) experimental setup, we compared IDLs of wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to several stay-green contexts, that is IDLs of two functional stay-green mutant lines, oresara1-2 (ore1-2) and an allele of phytochrome-interacting factor 5 (pif5), as well as to leaves from a WT plant entirely darkened (DP). We provide compelling evidence that arginine and ornithine, which accumulate in all stay-green contexts-likely due to the lack of induction of amino acids (AAs) transport-can delay the progression of senescence by fueling the Krebs cycle or the production of polyamines (PAs). Secondly, we show that the conversion of putrescine to spermidine (SPD) is controlled in an age-dependent manner. Thirdly, we demonstrate that SPD represses senescence via interference with ethylene signaling by stabilizing the ETHYLENE BINDING FACTOR1 and 2 (EBF1/2) complex. Taken together, our results identify arginine and ornithine as central metabolites influencing the stress- and age-dependent progression of leaf senescence. We propose that the regulatory loop between the pace of the AA export and the progression of leaf senescence provides the plant with a mechanism to fine-tune the induction of cell death in leaves, which, if triggered unnecessarily, can impede nutrient remobilization and thus plant growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hou-Ling Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Agnieszka Ziolkowska
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daria Chrobok
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Clément Boussardon
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xing Wen
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Simon R Law
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Helena Janečková
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Pernilla Lindén
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Delhomme
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hans Stenlund
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, D-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Per Gardeström
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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11
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Kolupaev YE, Kokorev AI, Dmitriev AP. Polyamines: Involvement in Cellular Signaling and Plant Adaptation to the Effect of Abiotic Stressors. CYTOL GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452722020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Putrescine: A Key Metabolite Involved in Plant Development, Tolerance and Resistance Responses to Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062971. [PMID: 35328394 PMCID: PMC8955586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Putrescine (Put) is the starting point of the polyamines (PAs) pathway and the most common PA in higher plants. It is synthesized by two main pathways (from ornithine and arginine), but recently a third pathway from citrulline was reported in sesame plants. There is strong evidence that Put may play a crucial role not only in plant growth and development but also in the tolerance responses to the major stresses affecting crop production. The main strategies to investigate the involvement of PA in plant systems are based on the application of competitive inhibitors, exogenous PAs treatments, and the most efficient approaches based on mutant and transgenic plants. Thus, in this article, the recent advances in understanding the role of this metabolite in plant growth promotion and protection against abiotic and biotic stresses will be discussed to provide an overview for future research.
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13
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Jing HK, Wu Q, Huang J, Yang XZ, Tao Y, Shen RF, Zhu XF. Putrescine is involved in root cell wall phosphorus remobilization in a nitric oxide dependent manner. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 316:111169. [PMID: 35151453 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a key limited factor to affect the crop production in rice (Oryza sativa). Recently, accumulating evidences have shown that root cell wall P reutilization could be released to the cytoplasm to alleviate the P starvation and a set of plant hormone and signal molecules have been identified to be involved in it. However, the role of putrescine (Put) in this process is still unknown. In this study, we found that Put with a concentration of 0.001 mM, 0.01 mM and 0.1 mM increased the root and shoot biomass in Nipponbare (Nip) and Kasalath (Kas) under P deficiency, although only 0.1 mM Put could significantly elevated the root and shoot soluble P concentration in Nip. Exogenous 0.1 mM Put treatment reduced the root cell wall P content through increasing the pectin content and pectin methylesterase (PME) activity, indicating that Put can be involved in the root cell wall P reutilization under P starvation. In addition, Put treatment also stimulated the root-to-shoot translocation of P through upregulating the expression of PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORTER 2 (OsPT2) and OsPT8 that responsible for the long-distance transport. Put under P-deficient condition significantly enhanced the Nitric Oxide (NO) accumulation in root and the application of NO inhibitor carboxy-PTIO (cPTIO) could reverse the Put-alleviated P-deficient phenotype, suggesting this process is mediated by NO. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that Put acts upstream of NO to activate the root cell wall P remobilization in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Kang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Zheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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14
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Pál M, Szalai G, Gondor OK, Janda T. Unfinished story of polyamines: Role of conjugation, transport and light-related regulation in the polyamine metabolism in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 308:110923. [PMID: 34034871 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines play a fundamental role in the functioning of all cells. Their regulatory role in plant development, their function under stress conditions, and their metabolism have been well documented as regards both synthesis and catabolism in an increasing number of plant species. However, the majority of these studies concentrate on the levels of the most abundant polyamines, sometimes providing data on the enzyme activity or gene expression levels during polyamine synthesis, but generally making no mention of the fact that changes in the polyamine pool are very dynamic, and that other processes are also involved in the regulation of actual polyamine levels. Differences in the distribution of individual polyamines and their conjugation with other compounds were described some time ago, but these have been given little attention. In addition, the role of polyamine transporters in plants is only now being recognised. The present review highlights the importance of conjugated polyamines and also points out that investigations should not only deal with the polyamine metabolism itself, but should also cover other important questions, such as the relationship between light perception and the polyamine metabolism, or the involvement of polyamines in the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Pál
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kinga Gondor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Department of Plant Physiology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
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15
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Kapoor RT, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Exogenously applied spermidine confers protection against cinnamic acid-mediated oxidative stress in Pisum sativum. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2619-2625. [PMID: 34025145 PMCID: PMC8117030 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the stress responses of cinnamic acid (CA) in pea plants and explored the protective role of spermidine (SPD) against CA-induced adverse effects. Pea seedlings exposed to CA had reduced length, biomass, moisture, chlorophyll, sugar, and protein contents and reduced nitrate reductase activity. These parameters increased when SPD was applied alone and in combination with CA. Electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content were high in seedlings treated with CA but decreased when the SPD + CA treatment was applied. Foliar exposure to SPD partially mitigated CA-induced stress effects by strengthening the antioxidant defense system, which helped preserve the integrity of biochemical processes. These results indicate that SPD (1 mM) could mitigate the adverse effects of CA and enhance plant defense system. Hence, SPD can be used as a growth regulator for the maintenance of physiological functions in pea plants in response to the pernicious consequences of CA stress.
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Key Words
- Antioxidants
- BSA, Bovine serum albumin
- CA, cinnamic acid
- CAT, catalase
- Cinnamic acid
- EC, electrolyte leakage
- EDTA, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid
- GPX, guaiacol peroxidase
- Growth
- IAA, indole-3-acetic acid
- N-1-NEDD, n-1-naphthyl-ethylene diamine dihydrochloride
- NBT, nitro blue tetrazolium
- NR, nitrate reductase
- PA, polyamine
- Pisum sativum
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RWS, relative water content
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SPD, spermidine
- Spermidine
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Affiliation(s)
- Riti Thapar Kapoor
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201 313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Nölke G, Chudobova I, Houdelet M, Volke D, Lusso M, Frederick J, Kudithipudi C, Shen Y, Warek U, Strickland JA, Xu D, Schinkel H, Schillberg S. Impact of nicotine pathway downregulation on polyamine biosynthesis and leaf ripening in tobacco. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00329. [PMID: 34095742 PMCID: PMC8156150 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Traditional breeding and molecular approaches have been used to develop tobacco varieties with reduced nicotine and secondary alkaloid levels. However, available low-alkaloid tobacco varieties have impaired leaf quality likely due to the metabolic consequences of nicotine biosynthesis downregulation. Recently, we found evidence that the unbalanced crosstalk between nicotine and polyamine pathways is involved in impaired leaf ripening of a low-alkaloid (LA) Burley 21 line having a mutation at the Nic1 and Nic2 loci, key biosynthetic regulators of nicotine biosynthesis. Since the Nic1 and Nic2 loci are comprised of several genes, all phenotypic changes seen in LA Burley 21 could be due to a mixture of genetics-based responses. Here, we investigated the commercial burley variety TN90 LC and its transgenic versions with only one downregulated gene, either putrescine methyl transferase (PMT-RNAi) or PR50-protein (PR50-RNAi). Nicotine levels of cured lamina of TN90 LC, TN90 PMT-RNAi and TN90 PR50-RNAi, were 70.5 ± 3.8, 2.4 ± 0.5, and 6.0 ± 1.1 mg/g dry weight, respectively. Low-alkaloid transgenic lines showed delayed leaf maturation and impaired leaf quality. We analyzed polyamine contents and ripening markers in wild-type TN90 control plants (WT) and the two transgenic lines. The ripening markers revealed that the PMT-RNAi line showed the most pronounced impaired leaf maturation phenotype at harvest, characterized by higher chlorophyll (19%) and glucose (173%) contents and more leaf mesophyll cells per area (25%), while the ripening markers revealed that maturation of PR50-RNAi plants was intermediate between PMT-RNAi and WT lines. Comparative polyamine analyses showed an increase in free and conjugated polyamines in roots of both transgenic lines, this being most pronounced in the PMT-RNAi plants. For PMT-RNAi plants, there were further perturbations of polyamine content in the leaves, which mirrored the general phenotype, as PR50-RNAi transgenic plants looked more similar to the WT than PMT-RNAi transgenic plants. Activity of ornithine decarboxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the committing step of polyamine biosynthesis, was significantly higher in roots and mature leaves of PMT-RNAi plants in comparison to WT, while there was no increase observed for arginine decarboxylase. Treatment of both transgenic lines with polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors decreased the polyamine content and ameliorated the phenotype, confirming the intricate interplay of polyamine and nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco and the influence of this interplay on leaf ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Nölke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
| | - Ivana Chudobova
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
| | - Marcel Houdelet
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
| | - Daniel Volke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
| | - Marcos Lusso
- Research Development & Regulatory AffairsAltria Client Services LLCRichmondVAUSA
| | - Jesse Frederick
- Research Development & Regulatory AffairsAltria Client Services LLCRichmondVAUSA
| | | | - Yanxin Shen
- Research Development & Regulatory AffairsAltria Client Services LLCRichmondVAUSA
| | - Ujwala Warek
- Research Development & Regulatory AffairsAltria Client Services LLCRichmondVAUSA
| | - James A. Strickland
- Research Development & Regulatory AffairsAltria Client Services LLCRichmondVAUSA
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Research Development & Regulatory AffairsAltria Client Services LLCRichmondVAUSA
| | - Helga Schinkel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
| | - Stefan Schillberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
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17
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Surówka E, Potocka I, Dziurka M, Wróbel-Marek J, Kurczyńska E, Żur I, Maksymowicz A, Gajewska E, Miszalski Z. Tocopherols mutual balance is a key player for maintaining Arabidopsis thaliana growth under salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:369-383. [PMID: 33007531 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced channeling carbon through pathways: shikimate/chorismate, benzenoid-phenylopropanoid or 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) provides a multitude of secondary metabolites and cell wall components and allows plants response to environmental stresses. Through the biosynthetic pathways, different secondary metabolites, like tocopherols (TCs), are bind to mutual dependencies and metabolic loops, that are not yet fully understood. We compared, in parallel, the influence of α- and γ-TCs on metabolites involved in osmoprotective/antioxidative response, and physico-chemical modification of plasma membrane and cell wall. We studied Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia ecotype (WT), mutant vte1 deficient in α- and γ-TCs, mutant vte4 over-accumulating γ-TC instead of α-TC, and transgenic line tmt over-accumulating α-TC; exposed to NaCl. The results indicate that salt stress activates β-carboxylation processes in WT plants and in plants with altered TCs accumulation. In α-TC-deficient plants, NaCl causes ACC decrease, but does not change SA, whose concentration remains higher than in α-TC accumulating plants. α/γ-TCs contents influence carbohydrates, poliamines, phenolic (caffeic, ferrulic, cinnamic) acids accumulation patterns. Salinity results in increased detection of the LM5 galactan and LM19 homogalacturonan epitopes in α-TC accumulating plants, and the LM6 arabinan and MAC207 AGP epitopes in α-TC deficient mutants. Parallel, plants with altered TCs composition show decreased both the cell turgor and elastic modulus determined at the individual cell level. α-TC deficient plants reveal lower values of cell turgor and elastic modulus, but higher cell hydraulic conductivity than α-TC accumulating plants. Under salt stress, α-TC shows stronger regulatory effect than γ-TC through the impact on chloroplastic biosynthetic pathways and ROS/osmotic-modulating compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Surówka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Izabela Potocka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Michał Dziurka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Wróbel-Marek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Kurczyńska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Iwona Żur
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Maksymowicz
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Gajewska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Miszalski
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
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18
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Li M, Lu J, Tao M, Li M, Yang H, Xia EH, Chen Q, Wan X. Genome-Wide Identification of Seven Polyamine Oxidase Genes in Camellia sinensis (L.) and Their Expression Patterns Under Various Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:544933. [PMID: 33013966 PMCID: PMC7500180 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.544933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) in plant play a critical role in growth and development and in response to environmental stress. Polyamine oxidase (PAO) is a flavin adenine dinucleotide dependent enzyme that plays a major role in PA catabolism. For the first time, PAO genes in tea plant were screened for the whole genome-wide and seven CsPAO genes were identified, which were named CsPAO1-7. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed seven CsPAO protein sequences classed into three groups, including clade I, III, and IV. Compared with other plants, the tea plant lacked clade II members. Genetic structure and tissue specific expression analysis showed that there were significant differences among members of the CsPAO gene family. Among members of the CsPAOs family, CsPAO4 and CsPAO5 contain more introns and are highly expressed in various organizations. CsPAO1, CsPAO4, and CsPAO5 genes were cloned and expressed heterologously to verify theirs function. Heat map showed high response of CsPAO5 to drought stress, while CsPAO1 and CsPAO2 were sensitive to changes in nitrogen nutrition. Furthermore, exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment indicated that the expression of most CsPAO genes in roots and leaves was significantly induced. In the root, Spm content increased significantly, while Put and Spd content decreased, suggesting that ABA has great influence on the biosynthesis of PAs. Anaerobic treatment of picked tea leaves showed that the decomposition of PAs was promoted to a certain extent. The above data help to clarify the role of CsPAO in response abiotic and nitrogen nutritional stresses in tea plants, and provide a reference perspective for the potential influence of PAs on the tea processing quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingmin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - En-hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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19
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Tariq M, Shah AA, Yasin NA, Ahmad A, Rizwan M. Enhanced performance of Bacillus megaterium OSR-3 in combination with putrescine ammeliorated hydrocarbon stress in Nicotiana tabacum. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 23:119-129. [PMID: 32755316 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1801572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocarbon stress (HS) has been causing decreased plant growth and productivity. Putrescine (Put) and growth promoting microbes are vital for plant growth and development under hydrocarbon stress. Current research work was carried out to evaluate the potential of Bacillus megaterium OSR-3 alone and in combination with Put to alleviate HS in Nicotiana tabacum (L.). The crude petroleum contaminated soil significantly reduced growth attributes of N. tabacum. B. megaterium OSR-3 inoculated plants subjected to HS exhibited improved photosynthetic rate, gas exchange characteristics, poline contents and protein level. Furthermore, bacterial inoculation enhanced the antioxidative activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in tobacco plants subjected to HS. The HS alleviation in B. megaterium OSR-3 inoculated N. tabacum can be credited to the heightened activity of antioxidative enzymes, reduction in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and abridged synthesis of malondialdehyde (MDA). The increased synthesis of indole acetic acid (IAA) in HS stressed N. tabacum plants treated with co-application of B. megaterium OSR-3 and Put attenuated toxicity and amplified growth of plants. Additionally, the co-application of B. megaterium OSR-3 and Put also upregulated the activity of antioxidative enzymes and induced augmented level of proline and IAA in plants under HS regimes. Current research provides novel insight into the potential and mechanism of B. megaterium OSR-3 and Put in mitigation of HS in N. tabacum plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muniba Tariq
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmad Yasin
- Senior Superintendent Gardens, RO-II Office, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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20
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Fraudentali I, Ghuge SA, Carucci A, Tavladoraki P, Angelini R, Rodrigues-Pousada RA, Cona A. Developmental, hormone- and stress-modulated expression profiles of four members of the Arabidopsis copper-amine oxidase gene family. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 147:141-160. [PMID: 31862580 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Copper-containing amine oxidases (CuAOs) catalyze polyamines (PAs) terminal oxidation producing ammonium, an aminoaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Plant CuAOs are induced by stress-related hormones, methyl-jasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA). In the Arabidopsis genome, eight genes encoding CuAOs have been identified. Here, a comprehensive investigation of the expression pattern of four genes encoding AtCuAOs from the α and γ phylogenetic subfamilies, the two peroxisomal AtCuAOα2 (At1g31690) and AtCuAOα3 (At1g31710) and the two apoplastic AtCuAOγ1 (At1g62810) and AtCuAOγ2 (At3g43670), has been carried out by RT-qPCR and promoter::green fluorescent protein-β-glucuronidase fusion (GFP-GUS). Expression in hydathodes of new emerging leaves (AtCuAOγ1 and AtCuAOγ2) and/or cotyledons (AtCuAOα2, AtCuAOγ1 and AtCuAOγ2) as well as in vascular tissues of new emerging leaves and in cortical root cells at the division/elongation transition zone (AtCuAOγ1), columella cells (AtCuAOγ2) or hypocotyl and root (AtCuAOα3) was identified. Quantitative and tissue-specific gene expression analysis performed by RT-qPCR and GUS-staining in 5- and 7-day-old seedlings under stress conditions or after treatments with hormones or PAs, revealed that all four AtCuAOs were induced during dehydration recovery, wounding, treatment with indoleacetic acid (IAA) and putrescine (Put). AtCuAOα2, AtCuAOα3, AtCuAOγ1 and AtCuAOγ2 expression in vascular tissues and hydathodes involved in water supply and/or loss, along with a dehydration-recovery dependent gene expression, would suggest a role in water balance homeostasis. Moreover, occurrence in zones where an auxin maximum has been observed along with an IAA-induced alteration of expression profiles, support a role in tissue maturation and xylem differentiation events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandip A Ghuge
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel.
| | - Andrea Carucci
- Department of Sciences, Università Roma Tre, Roma, 00146, Italy.
| | - Paraskevi Tavladoraki
- Department of Sciences, Università Roma Tre, Roma, 00146, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome, 00136, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Angelini
- Department of Sciences, Università Roma Tre, Roma, 00146, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome, 00136, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandra Cona
- Department of Sciences, Università Roma Tre, Roma, 00146, Italy; Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome, 00136, Italy.
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polyamine uptake transporter 2 (put2) and decaying seeds enhance phyA-mediated germination by overcoming PIF1 repression of germination. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008292. [PMID: 31339933 PMCID: PMC6682160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Red light promotes germination after activating phytochrome phyB, which destabilizes the germination repressor PIF1. Early upon seed imbibition, canopy light, unfavorable for photosynthesis, represses germination by stabilizing PIF1 after inactivating phyB. Paradoxically, later upon imbibition, canopy light stimulates germination after activating phytochrome phyA. phyA-mediated germination is poorly understood and, intriguingly, is inefficient, compared to phyB-mediated germination, raising the question of its physiological significance. A genetic screen identified polyamine uptake transporter 2 (put2) mutants that overaccumulate polyamines, a class of antioxidant polycations implicated in numerous cellular functions, which we found promote phyA-mediated germination. In WT seeds, our data suggest that canopy light represses polyamines accumulation through PIF1 while red light promotes polyamines accumulation. We show that canopy light also downregulates PIF1 levels, through phyA; however, PIF1 reaccumulates rapidly, which limits phyA-mediated germination. High polyamines levels in decaying seeds bypass PIF1 repression of germination and stimulate phyA-mediated germination, suggesting an adaptive mechanism promoting survival when viability is compromised.
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Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E, Paluch-Lubawa E, Mattoo AK, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Gregersen PL, Pacak A. Polyamines - A New Metabolic Switch: Crosstalk With Networks Involving Senescence, Crop Improvement, and Mammalian Cancer Therapy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:859. [PMID: 31354753 PMCID: PMC6635640 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are low molecular weight organic cations comprising biogenic amines that play multiple roles in plant growth and senescence. PA metabolism was found to play a central role in metabolic and genetic reprogramming during dark-induced barley leaf senescence (DILS). Robust PA catabolism can impact the rate of senescence progression in plants. We opine that deciphering senescence-dependent polyamine-mediated multidirectional metabolic crosstalks is important to understand regulation and involvement of PAs in plant death and re-mobilization of nutrients during senescence. This will involve optimizing the use of PA biosynthesis inhibitors, robust transgenic approaches to modulate PA biosynthetic and catabolic genes, and developing novel germplasm enriched in pro- and anti-senescence traits to ensure sustained crop productivity. PA-mediated delay of senescence can extend the photosynthesis capacity, thereby increasing grain starch content in malting grains such as barley. On the other hand, accelerating the onset of senescence can lead to increases in mineral and nitrogen content in grains for animal feed. Unraveling the "polyamine metabolic switch" and delineating the roles of PAs in senescence should further our knowledge about autophagy mechanisms involved in plant senescence as well as mammalian systems. It is noteworthy that inhibitors of PA biosynthesis block cell viability in animal model systems (cell tumor lines) to control some cancers, in this instance, proliferative cancer cells were led toward cell death. Likewise, PA conjugates work as signal carriers for slow release of regulatory molecule nitric oxide in the targeted cells. Taken together, these and other outcomes provide examples for developing novel therapeutics for human health wellness as well as developing plant resistance/tolerance to stress stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewelina Paluch-Lubawa
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Autar K. Mattoo
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Per L. Gregersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Andrzej Pacak
- Department of Gene Expression, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
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23
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Fortes AM, Agudelo-Romero P, Pimentel D, Alkan N. Transcriptional Modulation of Polyamine Metabolism in Fruit Species Under Abiotic and Biotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:816. [PMID: 31333688 PMCID: PMC6614878 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are growth regulators that have been widely implicated in abiotic and biotic stresses. They are also associated with fruit set, ripening, and regulation of fruit quality-related traits. Modulation of their content confers fruit resilience, with polyamine application generally inhibiting postharvest decay. Changes in the content of free and conjugated polyamines in response to stress are highly dependent on the type of abiotic stress applied or the lifestyle of the pathogen. Recent studies suggest that exogenous application of polyamines or modulation of polyamine content by gene editing can confer tolerance to multiple abiotic and biotic stresses simultaneously. In this review, we explore data on polyamine synthesis and catabolism in fruit related to pre- and postharvest stresses. Studies of mutant plants, priming of stress responses, and treatments with polyamines and polyamine inhibitors indicate that these growth regulators can be manipulated to increase fruit productivity with reduced use of pesticides and therefore, under more sustainable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Fortes
- Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Department of Plant Biology, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patricia Agudelo-Romero
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Diana Pimentel
- Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Department of Plant Biology, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Noam Alkan
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Yu Z, Jia D, Liu T. Polyamine Oxidases Play Various Roles in Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E184. [PMID: 31234345 PMCID: PMC6632040 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines not only play roles in plant growth and development, but also adapt to environmental stresses. Polyamines can be oxidized by copper-containing diamine oxidases (CuAOs) and flavin-containing polyamine oxidases (PAOs). Two types of PAOs exist in the plant kingdom; one type catalyzes the back conversion (BC-type) pathway and the other catalyzes the terminal catabolism (TC-type) pathway. The catabolic features and biological functions of plant PAOs have been investigated in various plants in the past years. In this review, we focus on the advance of PAO studies in rice, Arabidopsis, and tomato, and other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Dongyu Jia
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460-8042, USA.
| | - Taibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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25
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Wang W, Paschalidis K, Feng JC, Song J, Liu JH. Polyamine Catabolism in Plants: A Universal Process With Diverse Functions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:561. [PMID: 31134113 PMCID: PMC6513885 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyamine (PA) catabolic processes are performed by copper-containing amine oxidases (CuAOs) and flavin-containing PA oxidases (PAOs). So far, several CuAOs and PAOs have been identified in many plant species. These enzymes exhibit different subcellular localization, substrate specificity, and functional diversity. Since PAs are involved in numerous physiological processes, considerable efforts have been made to explore the functions of plant CuAOs and PAOs during the recent decades. The stress signal transduction pathways usually lead to increase of the intracellular PA levels, which are apoplastically secreted and oxidized by CuAOs and PAOs, with parallel production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Depending on the levels of the generated H2O2, high or low, respectively, either programmed cell death (PCD) occurs or H2O2 is efficiently scavenged by enzymatic/nonenzymatic antioxidant factors that help plants coping with abiotic stress, recruiting different defense mechanisms, as compared to biotic stress. Amine and PA oxidases act further as PA back-converters in peroxisomes, also generating H2O2, possibly by activating Ca2+ permeable channels. Here, the new research data are discussed on the interconnection of PA catabolism with the derived H2O2, together with their signaling roles in developmental processes, such as fruit ripening, senescence, and biotic/abiotic stress reactions, in an effort to elucidate the mechanisms involved in crop adaptation/survival to adverse environmental conditions and to pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Konstantinos Paschalidis
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jian-Can Feng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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26
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Chen D, Shao Q, Yin L, Younis A, Zheng B. Polyamine Function in Plants: Metabolism, Regulation on Development, and Roles in Abiotic Stress Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1945. [PMID: 30687350 PMCID: PMC6335389 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are low molecular weight aliphatic nitrogenous bases containing two or more amino groups. They are produced by organisms during metabolism and are present in almost all cells. Because they play important roles in diverse plant growth and developmental processes and in environmental stress responses, they are considered as a new kind of plant biostimulant. With the development of molecular biotechnology techniques, there is increasing evidence that PAs, whether applied exogenously or produced endogenously via genetic engineering, can positively affect plant growth, productivity, and stress tolerance. However, it is still not fully understood how PAs regulate plant growth and stress responses. In this review, we attempt to cover these information gaps and provide a comprehensive and critical assessment of the published literature on the relationships between PAs and plant flowering, embryo development, senescence, and responses to several (mainly abiotic) stresses. The aim of this review is to summarize how PAs improve plants' productivity, and to provide a basis for future research on the mechanism of action of PAs in plant growth and development. Future perspectives for PA research are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingsong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Adnan Younis
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Zhou M, Han R, Ghnaya T, Lutts S. Salinity influences the interactive effects of cadmium and zinc on ethylene and polyamine synthesis in the halophyte plant species Kosteletzkya pentacarpos. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:892-900. [PMID: 30114738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Salt marshes are major sinks for heavy metals where plants are often exposed to polymetallic contamination and high salinity. Seedlings from the wetland halophyte plant species Kosteletzkya pentacarpos were exposed during three weeks to nutrient solution containing 10 μM CdCl2, 100 μM ZnCl2 or a combination of the two metals (Cd + Zn) in the presence or absence of 50 mM NaCl. Synthesis of the senescing hormone ethylene was quantified together with the concentration of protecting polyamines (spermidine and spermine) and their precursor putrescine and analyzed in relation to senescence markers (soluble protein, malondialdehyde, chlorophyll content and assessment of cell membrane stability). Salinity reduced the deleterious impact of heavy metals on plant growth and decreased accumulation of the pollutants in the plants. Heavy metals increased ethylene synthesis but NaCl decreased it in plants exposed to Cd or to the combined treatment (Cd + Zn) but not in plants exposed to Zn alone. Putrescine increased while spermine and spermidine decreased in Cd-treated plants. Zinc had only a marginal impact on polyamine concentration. The highest putrescine and spermine concentrations were observed in plants exposed to the combined treatment. The inhibitor of ethylene synthesis (AVG; aminovynilglycine) partially restored plant growth, reduced putrescine content and increased spermidine and spermine concentration, leading to an attenuation of senescence, mainly in Cd-treated plants. Combined treatment induced a specific physiological status in K. pentacarpos which could not be fully explained by an additive effect of Cd and Zn. Results are discussed in relation to specificities of heavy metals impacts on plant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Zhou
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy (ELIA), Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (Bte 7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ruiming Han
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tahar Ghnaya
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extremophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de la Technopole de Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hamman Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy (ELIA), Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (Bte 7.07.13) Place Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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28
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Nölke G, Volke D, Chudobová I, Houdelet M, Lusso M, Frederick J, Adams A, Kudithipudi C, Warek U, Strickland JA, Xu D, Schinkel H, Schillberg S. Polyamines delay leaf maturation in low-alkaloid tobacco varieties. PLANT DIRECT 2018; 2:e00077. [PMID: 31245740 PMCID: PMC6508808 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of low-alkaloid (LA) tobacco varieties is an important target in the tobacco breeding industry. However, LA Burley 21 plants, in which the Nic1 and Nic2 loci controlling nicotine biosynthesis are deleted, are characterized by impaired leaf maturation that leads to poor leaf quality before and after curing. Polyamines are involved in key developmental, physiological, and metabolic processes in plants, and act as anti-senescence and anti-ripening regulators. We investigated the role of polyamines in tobacco leaf maturation by analyzing the free and conjugated polyamine fractions in the leaves and roots of four Burley 21 varieties: NA (normal alkaloid levels, wild-type control), HI (high intermediates, nic2 -), LI (low intermediates, nic1 -), and LA (nic1 - nic2 -). The pool of conjugated polyamines increased with plant age in the roots and leaves of all four varieties, but the levels of free and conjugated putrescine and spermidine were higher in the LI and LA plants than NA controls. The increase in the polyamine content correlated with delayed maturation and senescence, i.e., LA plants with the highest polyamine levels showed the most severe impaired leaf maturation phenotype, characterized by higher chlorophyll content and more mesophyll cells per unit leaf area. Treatment of LA plants with inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis and/or the growth regulator Ethephon® reduced accumulation of polyamines, achieving a partial amelioration of the LA phenotype. Our data show that the regulation of polyamine homeostasis is strongly disrupted in LA plants, and that free and conjugated polyamines contribute to the observed impairment of leaf maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Nölke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
| | - Daniel Volke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
| | - Ivana Chudobová
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
| | - Marcel Houdelet
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
| | - Marcos Lusso
- Altria Client ServicesResearch Development & SciencesRichmondVirginia
| | - Jesse Frederick
- Altria Client ServicesResearch Development & SciencesRichmondVirginia
| | - Andrew Adams
- Altria Client ServicesResearch Development & SciencesRichmondVirginia
| | | | - Ujwala Warek
- Altria Client ServicesResearch Development & SciencesRichmondVirginia
| | | | - Dongmei Xu
- Altria Client ServicesResearch Development & SciencesRichmondVirginia
| | - Helga Schinkel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
| | - Stefan Schillberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
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29
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Fortes AM, Agudelo-Romero P. Polyamine Metabolism in Climacteric and Non-Climacteric Fruit Ripening. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1694:433-447. [PMID: 29080186 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7398-9_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are small aliphatic amines that are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. These growth regulators have been implicated in abiotic and biotic stresses as well as plant development and morphogenesis. Several studies have also suggested a key role of polyamines during fruit set and early development. Polyamines have also been linked to fruit ripening and in the regulation of fruit quality-related traits.Recent studies indicate that during ripening of both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits, a decline in total polyamine contents is observed together with an increased catabolism of these growth regulators.In this review, we explore the current knowledge on polyamine biosynthesis and catabolism during fruit set and ripening. The study of the role of polyamine metabolism in fruit ripening indicates the possible application of these natural polycations to control ripening and postharvest decay as well as to improve fruit quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Fortes
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Patricia Agudelo-Romero
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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30
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Wojciechowska N, Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E, Bagniewska-Zadworna A. Plant organ senescence - regulation by manifold pathways. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:167-181. [PMID: 29178615 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is the final stage of plant ontogeny before death. Senescence may occur naturally because of age or may be induced by various endogenous and exogenous factors. Despite its destructive character, senescence is a precisely controlled process that follows a well-defined order. It is often inseparable from programmed cell death (PCD), and a correlation between these processes has been confirmed during the senescence of leaves and petals. Despite suggestions that senescence and PCD are two separate processes, with PCD occurring after senescence, cell death responsible for senescence is accompanied by numerous changes at the cytological, physiological and molecular levels, similar to other types of PCD. Independent of the plant organ analysed, these changes are focused on initiating the processes of cellular structural degradation via fluctuations in phytohormone levels and the activation of specific genes. Cellular structural degradation is genetically programmed and dependent on autophagy. Phytohormones/plant regulators are heavily involved in regulating the senescence of plant organs and can either promote [ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and polyamines (PAs)] or inhibit [cytokinins (CKs)] this process. Auxins and carbohydrates have been assigned a dual role in the regulation of senescence, and can both inhibit and stimulate the senescence process. In this review, we introduce the basic pathways that regulate senescence in plants and identify mechanisms involved in controlling senescence in ephemeral plant organs. Moreover, we demonstrate a universal nature of this process in different plant organs; despite this process occurring in organs that have completely different functions, it is very similar. Progress in this area is providing opportunities to revisit how, when and which way senescence is coordinated or decoupled by plant regulators in different organs and will provide a powerful tool for plant physiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wojciechowska
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - E Sobieszczuk-Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - A Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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31
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Fan ZQ, Tan XL, Shan W, Kuang JF, Lu WJ, Chen JY. Characterization of a Transcriptional Regulator, BrWRKY6, Associated with Gibberellin-Suppressed Leaf Senescence of Chinese Flowering Cabbage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1791-1799. [PMID: 29400954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b06085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormone gibberellin (GA) and plant-specific WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are reported to play important roles in leaf senescence. The association of WRKY TFs with GA-mediated leaf senescence of economically important leafy vegetables like Chinese flowering cabbage, however, remains largely unknown. In this study, we showed that exogenous application of GA3 suppressed Chinese flowering cabbage leaf senescence, with GA3-treated cabbages maintaining a higher level of maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and total chlorophyll content. GA3 treatment also led to lower electrolyte leakage and expression level of a series of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) including BrSAG12 and BrSAG19, and chlorophyll catabolic genes (CCGs) BrPPH1, BrNYC1, and BrSGRs. In addition, higher transcription levels of GA biosynthetic genes BrKAO2 and BrGA20ox2 were found after GA3 treatment. More importantly, a GA-repressible, nuclear-localized WRKY TF, BrWRKY6, a homologue of the Arabidopsis AtWRKY6, was identified and characterized. BrWRKY6 was GA-repressible and localized in the nucleus. Further experiments revealed that BrWRKY6 repressed the expression of BrKAO2 and BrGA20ox2, while it activated BrSAG12, BrNYC1, and BrSGR1, through binding to their promoters via the W-box cis-element. Together, the novel GA-WRKY link reported in our study provides new insight into the transcriptional regulation of GA-suppressed leaf senescence in Chinese flowering cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Qi Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, and Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Li Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, and Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, and Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian-Fei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, and Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wang-Jin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, and Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian-Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, and Guangdong Vegetables Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
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32
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Handa AK, Fatima T, Mattoo AK. Polyamines: Bio-Molecules with Diverse Functions in Plant and Human Health and Disease. Front Chem 2018; 6:10. [PMID: 29468148 PMCID: PMC5807879 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines-polyamines (PAs), particularly putrescine, spermidine and spermine are ubiquitous in all living cells. Their indispensable roles in many biochemical and physiological processes are becoming commonly known, including promoters of plant life and differential roles in human health and disease. PAs positively impact cellular functions in plants-exemplified by increasing longevity, reviving physiological memory, enhancing carbon and nitrogen resource allocation/signaling, as well as in plant development and responses to extreme environments. Thus, one or more PAs are commonly found in genomic and metabolomics studies using plants, particulary during different abiotic stresses. In humans, a general decline in PA levels with aging occurs parallel with some human health disorders. Also, high PA dose is detrimental to patients suffering from cancer, aging, innate immunity and cognitive impairment during Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. A dichotomy exists in that while PAs may increase longevity and reduce some age-associated cardiovascular diseases, in disease conditions involving higher cellular proliferation, their intake has negative consequences. Thus, it is essential that PA levels be rigorously quantified in edible plant sources as well as in dietary meats. Such a database can be a guide for medical experts in order to recommend which foods/meats a patient may consume and which ones to avoid. Accordingly, designing both high and low polyamine diets for human consumption are in vogue, particularly in medical conditions where PA intake may be detrimental, for instance, cancer patients. In this review, literature data has been collated for the levels of the three main PAs, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, in different edible sources-vegetables, fruits, cereals, nuts, meat, sea food, cheese, milk, and eggs. Based on our analysis of vast literature, the effects of PAs in human/animal health fall into two broad, Yang and Yin, categories: beneficial for the physiological processes in healthy cells and detrimental under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avtar K. Handa
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Tahira Fatima
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Autar K. Mattoo
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS-USDA), Beltsville, MD, United States
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