1
|
Li C, Yang Q, Zhang L. Identification of putative allosteric inhibitors of BCKDK via virtual screening and biological evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2290458. [PMID: 38059302 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2290458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) can lead to metabolic diseases and cancers. Branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK) is a key negative regulator of BCAA catabolism, and targeting BCKDK provides a promising therapeutic approach for diseases caused by BCAA accumulation. Here, we screened PPHN and POAB as novel putative allosteric inhibitors by integrating allosteric binding site prediction, large-scale ligand database virtual screening, and bioactivity evaluation assays. Both of them showed a high binding affinity to BCKDK, with Kd values of 3.9 μM and 1.86 μM, respectively. In vivo experiments, the inhibitors demonstrated superior kinase inhibitory activity and notable antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on diverse cancer cells. Finally, bulk RNA-seq analysis revealed that PPHN and POAB suppressed cell growth through a range of signalling pathways. Taken together, our findings highlight two novel BCKDK inhibitors as potent therapeutic candidates for metabolic diseases and cancers associated with BCAA dysfunctional metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiong Li
- Genomics Center, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Quanjun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Genomics Center, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Luo C, Yang Y, Jiang C, Lv A, Zuo W, Ye Y, Ke J. Influenza and the gut microbiota: A hidden therapeutic link. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37661. [PMID: 39315196 PMCID: PMC11417228 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The extensive community of gut microbiota significantly influences various biological functions throughout the body, making its characterization a focal point in biomedicine research. Over the past few decades, studies have revealed a potential link between specific gut bacteria, their associated metabolic pathways, and influenza. Bacterial metabolites can communicate directly or indirectly with organs beyond the gut via the intestinal barrier, thereby impacting the physiological functions of the host. As the microbiota increasingly emerges as a 'gut signature' in influenza, gaining a deeper understanding of its role may offer new insights into its pathophysiological relevance and open avenues for novel therapeutic targets. In this Review, we explore the differences in gut microbiota between healthy individuals and those with influenza, the relationship between gut microbiota metabolites and influenza, and potential strategies for preventing and treating influenza through the regulation of gut microbiota and its metabolites, including fecal microbiota transplantation and microecological preparations. Methods We utilized PubMed and Web of Science as our search databases, employing keywords such as "influenza," "gut microbiota," "traditional Chinese medicine," "metabolites," "prebiotics," "probiotics," and "machine learning" to retrieve studies examining the potential therapeutic connections between the modulation of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the treatment of influenza. The search encompassed literature from the inception of the databases up to December 2023. Results Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), microbial preparations (probiotics and prebiotics), and traditional Chinese medicine have unique advantages in regulating intestinal microbiota and its metabolites to improve influenza outcomes. The primary mechanism involves increasing beneficial intestinal bacteria such as Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacterium while reducing harmful bacteria such as Proteobacteria. These interventions act directly or indirectly on metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), amino acids (AAs), bile acids, and monoamines to alleviate lung inflammation, reduce viral load, and exert anti-influenza virus effects. Conclusion The gut microbiota and its metabolites have direct or indirect therapeutic effects on influenza, presenting broad research potential for providing new directions in influenza research and offering references for clinical prevention and treatment. Future research should focus on identifying key strains, specific metabolites, and immune regulation mechanisms within the gut microbiota to accurately target microbiota interventions and prevent respiratory viral infections such as influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Luo
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610032, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Anqi Lv
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Wanzhao Zuo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Yuanhang Ye
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Jia Ke
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pasqualette L, Fidalgo TKDS, Freitas-Fernandes LB, Souza GGL, Imbiriba LA, Lobo LA, Volchan E, Domingues RMCP, Valente AP, Miranda KR. Alterations in Vagal Tone Are Associated with Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Adults with Anxiety and Depression Symptoms: Analysis of Fecal Metabolite Profiles. Metabolites 2024; 14:450. [PMID: 39195546 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14080450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that interactions between the brain and gut microbiota significantly impact brain function and mental health. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether young, healthy adults without psychiatric diagnoses exhibit differences in metabolic stool and microbiota profiles based on depression/anxiety scores and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. Untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics was used to identify fecal metabolic profiles. Results were subjected to multivariate analysis through principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and the metabolites were identified through VIP score. Metabolites separating asymptomatic and symptomatic groups were acetate, valine, and glutamate, followed by sugar regions, glutamine, acetone, valerate, and acetoacetate. The main metabolites identified in high vagal tone (HVT) and low vagal tone (LVT) groups were acetate, valerate, and glutamate, followed by propionate and butyrate. In addition to the metabolites identified by the PLS-DA test, significant differences in aspartate, sarcosine, malate, and methionine were observed between the groups. Levels of acetoacetate were higher in both symptomatic and LVT groups. Valerate levels were significantly increased in the symptomatic group, while isovalerate, propionate, glutamate, and acetone levels were significantly increased in the LVT group. Furthermore, distinct abundance between groups was only confirmed for the Firmicutes phylum. Differences between participants with high and low vagal tone suggest that certain metabolites are involved in communication between the vagus nerve and the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pasqualette
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Tatiana Kelly da Silva Fidalgo
- Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Liana Bastos Freitas-Fernandes
- National Centre of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance/CENABIO, Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Guerra Leal Souza
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Luís Aureliano Imbiriba
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Leandro Araujo Lobo
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Eliane Volchan
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Valente
- National Centre of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance/CENABIO, Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Karla Rodrigues Miranda
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee YU, Fox BW, Guo R, Curtis BJ, Yu J, Kim S, Nanda S, Baumann V, Yilmaz LS, Haynes CM, Schroeder FC, Walhout AJM. Host-microbe interactions rewire metabolism in a C. elegans model of leucine breakdown deficiency. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1584-1600. [PMID: 39117959 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
In humans, defects in leucine catabolism cause a variety of inborn errors in metabolism. Here, we use Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate the impact of mutations in mccc-1, an enzyme that functions in leucine breakdown. Through untargeted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses we find extensive metabolic rewiring that helps to detoxify leucine breakdown intermediates via conversion into previously undescribed metabolites and to synthesize mevalonate, an essential metabolite. We also find that the leucine breakdown product 3,3-hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB), commonly used as a human muscle-building supplement, is toxic to C. elegans and that bacteria modulate this toxicity. Unbiased genetic screens revealed interactions between the host and microbe, where components of bacterial pyrimidine biosynthesis mitigate HMB toxicity. Finally, upregulated ketone body metabolism genes in mccc-1 mutants provide an alternative route for biosynthesis of the mevalonate precursor 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA. Our work demonstrates that a complex host-bacteria interplay rewires metabolism to allow host survival when leucine catabolism is perturbed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Uk Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Bennett W Fox
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Brian J Curtis
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jingfang Yu
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sookyung Kim
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shivani Nanda
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Victor Baumann
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - L Safak Yilmaz
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Cole M Haynes
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Frank C Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Albertha J M Walhout
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu G, Liu J, Shi H, Pan B, Li M, Wang X, Li Y, Cheng L, Guo W, Huang Y. The associations between dysregulation of human blood metabolites and lung cancer risk: evidence from genetic data. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:854. [PMID: 39026146 PMCID: PMC11256634 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysregulation is recognized as a significant hallmark of cancer progression. Although numerous studies have linked specific metabolic pathways to cancer incidence, the causal relationship between blood metabolites and lung cancer risk remains unclear. METHODS Genomic data from 29,266 lung cancer patients and 56,450 control individuals from the Transdisciplinary Research in Cancer of the Lung and the International Lung Cancer Consortium (TRICL-ILCCO) were utilized, and findings were replicated using additional data from the FinnGen consortium. The analysis focused on the associations between 486 blood metabolites and the susceptibility to overall lung cancer and its three major clinical subtypes. Various Mendelian randomization methods, including inverse-variance weighting, weighted median estimation, and MR-Egger regression, were employed to ensure the robustness of our findings. RESULTS A total of 19 blood metabolites were identified with significant associations with lung cancer risk. Specifically, oleate (OR per SD = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.51 to 4.36), 1-arachidonoylglyceropholine (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.22 to 2.65), and arachidonate (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.16 to 2.40) were associated with a higher risk of lung cancer. Conversely, 1-linoleoylglycerophosphoethanolamine (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.82), ADpSGEGDFXAEGGGVR, a fibrinogen cleavage peptide (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.77), and isovalerylcarnitine (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.49 to 0.78) were associated with a lower risk of lung cancer. Notably, isoleucine (OR = 9.64, 95% CI: 2.55 to 36.38) was associated with a significantly higher risk of lung squamous cell cancer, while acetyl phosphate (OR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.89) was associated with a significantly lower risk of small cell lung cancer. CONCLUSION This study reveals the complex relationships between specific blood metabolites and lung cancer risk, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for lung cancer prevention, screening, and treatment. The findings not only deepen our understanding of the metabolic mechanisms of lung cancer but also provide new insights for future treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gujie Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haochun Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Binyang Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yao Li
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Biomedical Sciences Building, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, Ireland.
| | - Weigang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yiwei Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang H, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Zhang J, Li D, Tian Y, Han R, Guo Y, Sun G, Li W, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zhang X, Wang P, Kang X, Jiang R. Fasting-Induced Molting Impacts the Intestinal Health by Altering the Gut Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1640. [PMID: 38891687 PMCID: PMC11171271 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fasting-induced molting (FIM) is a common method used to improve the laying performance of aged laying hens. Nevertheless, this approach may impose various stresses on chickens, such as disruptions in intestinal flora and inflammation issues within the intestines. However, the impact of an imbalance in intestinal flora on intestinal health during the FIM process remains elusive. Therefore, intestinal injury, the microbiome, and the metabolome were analyzed individually and integrated to elucidate the impact of the intestinal flora on intestinal health during the FIM process. The findings indicated that fasting resulted in a notable reduction in villus height and villus/crypt ratio, coupled with elevated levels of intestinal inflammation and permeability. During the fasting period, microbiota compositions changed. The abundance of Escherichia_Shigella increased, while the abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 and Lactobacillus decreased. Escherichia_Shigella was positively correlated with Citrinin and Sterobilin, which lead to intestinal inflammation. Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 and Lactobacillus exhibited positive correlations with Lanthionine and reduced Glutathione, thereby reducing intestinal inflammation. This study screened the intestinal probiotics, Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 and Lactobacillus, that influence gut health during the fasting period, providing an experimental basis for improving gut microbiota and reducing intestinal inflammation during the FIM process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yujie Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Donghua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruili Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guirong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wenting Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xinlong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruirui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Blanco AM, Antomagesh F, Comesaña S, Soengas JL, Vijayan MM. Chronic cortisol stimulation enhances hypothalamus-specific enrichment of metabolites in the rainbow trout brain. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E382-E397. [PMID: 38294699 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00410.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The hypothalamus is a key integrating center that is involved in the initiation of the corticosteroid stress response, and in regulating nutrient homeostasis. Although cortisol, the principal glucocorticoid in humans and teleosts, plays a central role in feeding regulation, the mechanisms are far from clear. We tested the hypothesis that the metabolic changes to cortisol exposure signal an energy excess in the hypothalamus, leading to feeding suppression during stress in fish. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were administered a slow-release cortisol implant for 3 days, and the metabolite profiles in the plasma, hypothalamus, and the rest of the brain were assessed. Also, U-13C-glucose was injected into the hypothalamus by intracerebroventricular (ICV) route, and the metabolic fate of this energy substrate was followed in the brain regions by metabolomics. Chronic cortisol treatment reduced feed intake, and this corresponded with a downregulation of the orexigenic gene agrp, and an upregulation of the anorexigenic gene cart in the hypothalamus. The U-13C-glucose-mediated metabolite profiling indicated an enhancement of glycolytic flux and tricarboxylic acid intermediates in the rest of the brain compared with the hypothalamus. There was no effect of cortisol treatment on the phosphorylation status of AMPK or mechanistic target of rapamycin in the brain, whereas several endogenous metabolites, including leucine, citrate, and lactate were enriched in the hypothalamus, suggesting a tissue-specific metabolic shift in response to cortisol stimulation. Altogether, our results suggest that the hypothalamus-specific enrichment of leucine and the metabolic fate of this amino acid, including the generation of lipid intermediates, contribute to cortisol-mediated feeding suppression in fish.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Elevated cortisol levels during stress suppress feed intake in animals. We tested whether the feed suppression is associated with cortisol-mediated alteration in hypothalamus metabolism. The brain metabolome revealed a hypothalamus-specific metabolite profile suggesting nutrient excess. Specifically, we noted the enrichment of leucine and citrate in the hypothalamus, and the upregulation of pathways involved in leucine metabolism and fatty acid synthesis. This cortisol-mediated energy substrate repartitioning may modulate the feeding/satiety centers leading to the feeding suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén M Blanco
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Sara Comesaña
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José L Soengas
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Z, Wang Y, Sun H. The Role of Branched-chain Amino Acids and Their Metabolism in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:85-90. [PMID: 38216830 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine, isoleucine, and valine, are essential amino acids for protein synthesis. Recent studies have yielded new insights into their diverse physiological and pathological roles in health and disease. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. An increasing number of clinical studies have demonstrated that high levels of circulating BCAAs are associated with an increased risk of CVDs. Animal studies have provided preliminary evidence linking BCAA intake and metabolism with cardiovascular diseases. Despite these insights, the causal relationship between BCAA metabolism and CVD remains poorly established, and the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we aim to provide an update on the current understanding of the roles of BCAAs and their metabolism in the development and progression of various CVDs. We also discuss the potential strategies targeting BCAA nutrition and metabolism for the prevention and treatment of CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- The Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, DukeNUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Haipeng Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fouda A, Alshallash KS, Atta HM, El Gamal MS, Bakry MM, Alawam AS, Salem SS. Synthesis, Optimization, and Characterization of Cellulase Enzyme Obtained from Thermotolerant Bacillus subtilis F3: An Insight into Cotton Fabric Polishing Activity. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:207-223. [PMID: 37940165 PMCID: PMC10840485 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2309.09023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of 40 bacterial isolates obtained from hot spring water samples to produce cellulase enzymes was investigated. As a result, the strain Bacillus subtilis F3, which was identified using traditional and molecular methods, was selected as the most potent for cellulase production. Optimization was carried out using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and BOX-Behnken Design to detect the best conditions for the highest cellulase activity. This was accomplished after an incubation period of 24 h at 45°C and pH 8, with an inoculum size of 1% (v/v), 5 g/l of peptone as nitrogen source, and 7.5 g/l of CMC. Moreover, the best concentration of ammonium sulfate for cellulase enzyme precipitation was 60% followed by purification using a dialysis bag and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography to collect the purified enzyme. The purified cellulase enzyme was characterized by 5.39-fold enrichment, with a specific activity of 54.20 U/mg and a molecular weight of 439 kDa. There were 15 amino acids involved in the purified cellulase, with high concentrations of 160 and 100 mg/l for glycine and proline respectively. The highest stability and activity of the purified cellulase was attained at pH 7 and 50°C in the presence of 150 ppm of CaCl2, NaCl, and ZnO metal ions. Finally, the biopolishing activity of the cellulase enzyme, as indicated by weight loss percentages of the cotton fabric, was dependent on concentration and treatment time. Overall, the thermotolerant B. subtilis F3 strain has the potential to provide highly stable and highly active cellulase enzyme for use in biopolishing of cotton fabrics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amr Fouda
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Khalid S. Alshallash
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam M. Atta
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh S. El Gamal
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Bakry
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Abdullah S. Alawam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem S. Salem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shi X, Wei W, Wu L, Huang Y, Ni BJ. Biosynthesis mechanisms of medium-chain carboxylic acids and alcohols in anaerobic microalgae fermentation regulated by pH conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0125023. [PMID: 38112479 PMCID: PMC10807445 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01250-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Valorization of microalgae into high-value products and drop-in chemicals can reduce our dependence on non-renewable fossil fuels in an environmentally sustainable way. Among the valuable products, medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs) and alcohols are attractive building blocks as fuel precursors. However, the biosynthetic mechanisms of MCCAs and alcohols in anaerobic microalgae fermentation and the regulating role of pH on the microbial structure and metabolism interaction among different functional groups have never been documented. In this work, we systematically investigated the roles of pH (5, 7, and 10) on the production of MCCAs and alcohols in anaerobic microalgae fermentation. The gene-centric and genome-centric metagenomes were employed to uncover the dynamics and metabolic network of the key players in the microbial communities. The results indicated that the pH significantly changed the product spectrum. The maximum production rate of alcohol was obtained at pH 5, while pH 7 was more beneficial for MCCA production. Metagenomic analysis reveals that this differential performance under different pH is attributed to the transformation of microbial guild and metabolism regulated by pH. The composition of various functional groups for MCCA and alcohol production also varies at different pH levels. Finally, a metabolic network was proposed to reveal the microbial interactions at different pH levels and thus provide insights into bioconversion of microalgae to high-value biofuels.IMPORTANCECarboxylate platforms encompass a biosynthesis process involving a mixed and undefined culture, enabling the conversion of microalgae, rich in carbohydrates and protein, into valuable fuels and mitigating the risks associated with algae blooms. However, there is little known about the effects of pH on the metabolic pathways of chain elongation and alcohol production in anaerobic microalgae fermentation. Moreover, convoluted and interdependent microbial interactions encumber efforts to characterize how organics and electrons flow among microbiome members. In this work, we compared metabolic differences among three different pH levels (5, 7, and 10) in anaerobic microalgae fermentation. In addition, genome-centric metagenomic analysis was conducted to reveal the microbial interaction for medium-chain carboxylic acid and alcohol production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingdong Shi
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lan Wu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yuhan Huang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chatterjee M, Roschitzki B, Grossmann J, Rathinam M, Kunz L, Wolski W, Panse C, Yadav J, Schlapbach R, Rao U, Sreevathsa R. Developmental stage-specific proteome analysis of the legume pod borer Maruca vitrata provides insights on relevant proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127666. [PMID: 37890743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a destructive insect pest that inflicts significant productivity losses on important leguminous crops. Unravelling insect proteomes is vital to comprehend their fundamental molecular mechanisms. This research delved into the proteome profiles of four distinct stages -three larval and pupa of M. vitrata, utilizing LC-MS/MS label-free quantification-based methods. Employing comprehensive proteome analysis with fractionated datasets, we mapped 75 % of 3459 Drosophila protein orthologues out of which 2695 were identified across all developmental stages while, 137 and 94 were exclusive to larval and pupal stages respectively. Cluster analysis of 2248 protein orthologues derived from MaxQuant quantitative dataset depicted six clusters based on expression pattern similarity across stages. Consequently, gene ontology and protein-protein interaction network analyses using STRING database identified cluster 1 (58 proteins) and cluster 6 (25 proteins) associated with insect immune system and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, qRT-PCR-based expression analyses of ten selected proteins-coding genes authenticated the proteome data. Subsequently, functional validation of these chosen genes through gene silencing reduced their transcript abundance accompanied by a marked increase in mortality among dsRNA-injected larvae. Overall, this is a pioneering study to effectively develop a proteome atlas of M. vitrata as a potential resource for crop protection programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Chatterjee
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Bernd Roschitzki
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Grossmann
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, Batiment Amphipole, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maniraj Rathinam
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Laura Kunz
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Witold Wolski
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, Batiment Amphipole, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Panse
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, Batiment Amphipole, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ralph Schlapbach
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Uma Rao
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India; Engrave Bio Labs Pvt.Ltd., Shanthipuram, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kumar A, Bellar A, Mishra S, Sekar J, Welch N, Dasarathy S. L-Isoleucine reverses hyperammonemia-induced myotube mitochondrial dysfunction and post-mitotic senescence. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 123:109498. [PMID: 37871767 PMCID: PMC10841977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations in the metabolism of ammonia, a cytotoxic endogenous metabolite, occur in a number of chronic diseases, with consequent hyperammonemia. Increased skeletal muscle ammonia uptake causes metabolic, molecular, and phenotype alterations including cataplerosis of (loss of tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle intermediate) α-ketoglutarate (αKG), mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction, and senescence-associated molecular phenotype (SAMP). L-Isoleucine (Ile) is an essential, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) that simultaneously provides acetyl-CoA as an oxidative substrate and succinyl-CoA for anaplerosis (providing TCA cycle intermediates). Our multiomics analyses in myotubes and skeletal muscle from hyperammonemic mice and human patients with cirrhosis showed perturbations in BCAA transporters and catabolism. We, therefore, determined if Ile reverses hyperammonemia-induced impaired mitochondrial oxidative function and SAMP. Studies were performed in differentiated murine C2C12 myotubes that were early passage, late passage (senescent), or those depleted of LAT1/SLC7A5 and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived myotubes (hiPSCM). Ile reverses hyperammonemia-induced reduction in the maximum respiratory capacity, complex I, II, and III functions in early passage murine myotubes and hiPSCM. Consistently, low ATP content and impaired global protein synthesis (high energy requiring cellular process) during hyperammonemia are reversed by Ile in murine myotubes and hiPSCM. Lower abundance of critical regulators of protein synthesis in mTORC1 signaling, and increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α are also reversed by Ile. Genetic depletion studies showed that Ile responses are independent of the amino acid transporter LAT1/SLC7A5. Our studies show that Ile reverses the hyperammonemia-induced impaired mitochondrial oxidative function, cataplerosis, and SAMP in a LAT1/SLC7A5 transporter-independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Annette Bellar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Saurabh Mishra
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jinendiran Sekar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicole Welch
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang YW, Velasco-Hernandez T, Mess J, Lalioti ME, Romero-Mulero MC, Obier N, Karantzelis N, Rettkowski J, Schönberger K, Karabacz N, Jäcklein K, Morishima T, Trincado JL, Romecin P, Martinez A, Takizawa H, Shoumariyeh K, Renders S, Zeiser R, Pahl HL, Béliveau F, Hébert J, Lehnertz B, Sauvageau G, Menendez P, Cabezas-Wallscheid N. GPRC5C drives branched-chain amino acid metabolism in leukemogenesis. Blood Adv 2023; 7:7525-7538. [PMID: 37639313 PMCID: PMC10761356 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) share numerous features with healthy hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). G-protein coupled receptor family C group 5 member C (GPRC5C) is a regulator of HSC dormancy. However, GPRC5C functionality in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is yet to be determined. Within patient AML cohorts, high GPRC5C levels correlated with poorer survival. Ectopic Gprc5c expression increased AML aggression through the activation of NF-κB, which resulted in an altered metabolic state with increased levels of intracellular branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). This onco-metabolic profile was reversed upon loss of Gprc5c, which also abrogated the leukemia-initiating potential. Targeting the BCAA transporter SLC7A5 with JPH203 inhibited oxidative phosphorylation and elicited strong antileukemia effects, specifically in mouse and patient AML samples while sparing healthy bone marrow cells. This antileukemia effect was strengthened in the presence of venetoclax and azacitidine. Our results indicate that the GPRC5C-NF-κB-SLC7A5-BCAAs axis is a therapeutic target that can compromise leukemia stem cell function in AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wei Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Talia Velasco-Hernandez
- Department of Biomedicine, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian Mess
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School for Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Mari Carmen Romero-Mulero
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Obier
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Karantzelis
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Rettkowski
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School for Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Noémie Karabacz
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karin Jäcklein
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tatsuya Morishima
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Juan Luis Trincado
- Department of Biomedicine, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paola Romecin
- Department of Biomedicine, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Martinez
- Department of Biomedicine, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Engineering, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Khalid Shoumariyeh
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Renders
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heike L. Pahl
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - François Béliveau
- Quebec leukemia cell bank, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Josée Hébert
- Quebec leukemia cell bank, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bernhard Lehnertz
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Department of Biomedicine, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, ISIII, Barcelona, Spain
- RICORS-TERAV Network, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nina Cabezas-Wallscheid
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ren J, Wu M. Causal effects of genetically determined blood metabolites on multiple myeloma: a Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18818. [PMID: 37914749 PMCID: PMC10620157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45801-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that metabolites play an important role in phenotypic regulation. However, the causal relationship between metabolites and multiple myeloma has not been adequately investigated. Here, we attempt to explore the causal effects of genetically determined blood metabolites on multiple myeloma. The large-scale public blood metabolites and multiple myeloma datasets from independently published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were used to explore the causal relationship between each genetically determined blood metabolite and multiple myeloma through inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger and mode-based estimation methods. Sensitivity tests were performed to evaluate the stability and reliability of the results by MR-Egger regression and leave-one-out methods. Metabolic pathway analysis was further explored using filtered data. Statistical analyses were all performed in R. Among 452 metabolites, ten known metabolites and three unknown metabolites had significant causal relationship with multiple myeloma (P < 0.05). Four known metabolites, 3-methyl-2-oxovalenate, oxidized bilirubin, isovalerylcarnitine and glutamine carnitine, reached statistical significance in IVW models. Metabolic pathways analysis identified four significant pathways. The occurrence of multiple myeloma may have a causal relationship with these four metabolites, and there are four metabolic pathways that are also related to the occurrence of multiple myeloma. This can provide new ideas for exploring early screening and treatment of multiple myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Ren
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Min Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bruhns T, Timm S, Feußner N, Engelhaupt S, Labrenz M, Wegner M, Sokolova IM. Combined effects of temperature and emersion-immersion cycles on metabolism and bioenergetics of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea (Magallana) gigas. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106231. [PMID: 37862760 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Life on tidal coasts presents physiological major challenges for sessile species. Fluctuations in oxygen and temperature can affect bioenergetics and modulate metabolism and redox balance, but their combined effects are not well understood. We investigated the effects of intermittent hypoxia (12h/12h) in combination with different temperature regimes (normal (15 °C), elevated (30 °C) and fluctuating (15 °C water/30 °C air)) on the Pacific oyster Crassostrea (Magallana) gigas. Fluctuating temperature led to energetic costly metabolic rearrangements and accumulation of proteins in oyster tissues. Elevated temperature led to high (60%) mortality and oxidative damage in survivors. Normal temperature had no major negative effects but caused metabolic shifts. Our study shows high plasticity of oyster metabolism in response to oxygen and temperature fluctuations and indicates that metabolic adjustments to oxygen deficiency are strongly modulated by the ambient temperature. Co-exposure to constant elevated temperature and intermittent hypoxia demonstrates the limits of this adaptive metabolic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torben Bruhns
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Timm
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nina Feußner
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sonja Engelhaupt
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Labrenz
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW), Department of Biological Oceanography, Seestraße 15, 18119, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mathias Wegner
- Alfred Wegener Institut - Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Coastal Ecology, Waddensea Station Sylt, Hafenstraße 43, 25992, List/Sylt, Germany
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany; Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 21, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tanase DM, Gosav EM, Botoc T, Floria M, Tarniceriu CC, Maranduca MA, Haisan A, Cucu AI, Rezus C, Costea CF. Depiction of Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) in Diabetes with a Focus on Diabetic Microvascular Complications. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6053. [PMID: 37762992 PMCID: PMC10531730 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) still holds the title as one of the most debilitating chronic diseases with rising prevalence and incidence, including its complications such as retinal, renal, and peripheral nerve disease. In order to develop novel molecules for diagnosis and treatment, a deep understanding of the complex molecular pathways is imperative. Currently, the existing agents for T2DM treatment target only blood glucose levels. Over the past decades, specific building blocks of proteins-branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) including leucine, isoleucine, and valine-have gained attention because they are linked with insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, and diabetes development. In this review, we discuss the hypothetical link between BCAA metabolism, insulin resistance, T2DM, and its microvascular complications including diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy. Further research on these amino acids and their derivates may eventually pave the way to novel biomarkers or therapeutic concepts for the treatment of diabetes and its accompanied complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (E.M.G.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Evelina Maria Gosav
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (E.M.G.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Tina Botoc
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (T.B.); (C.F.C.)
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (E.M.G.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minela Aida Maranduca
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Haisan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Emergency Department, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Ionut Cucu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ștefan cel Mare” University, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ciprian Rezus
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (E.M.G.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (T.B.); (C.F.C.)
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sha T, Wang N, Wei J, He H, Wang Y, Zeng C, Lei G. Genetically Predicted Levels of Serum Metabolites and Risk of Sarcopenia: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3964. [PMID: 37764748 PMCID: PMC10536442 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolites' connection to sarcopenia through inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction is presumed, but their impact remains unclear due to limitations in conventional observational studies caused by confounding bias and reverse causation. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to elucidate the association of serum metabolites with sarcopenia and its related traits, i.e., appendicular lean mass and grip strength. Genetic instruments to proxy the serum metabolites were extracted from the most comprehensive genome-wide association study on the topic published so far. The corresponding summary statistics for the associations of genetic instruments with outcomes were calculated from the UK Biobank (n = 324,976 participants). The primary analyses were assessed by an inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. The weighted median and MR-PRESSO methods were used as sensitive analyses. Fourteen genetically predicted serum metabolites were associated with the risk of sarcopenia (PIVW < 0.05). Two metabolites showed the overlapped association with sarcopenia and its related traits, which were isovalerylcarnitine (sarcopenia: odds ratio [OR] = 4.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11~14.52, PIVW = 0.034; appendicular lean mass: β = -0.45 kg, 95% CI = -0.81~-0.09, PIVW = 0.015; grip strength: β = -1.51 kg, 95% CI = -2.31~-0.71, PIVW = 2.19 × 10-4) and docosapentaenoate (sarcopenia: OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.03~0.83, PIVW = 0.029; appendicular lean mass: β = -0.45 kg, 95% CI = 0.08~0.81, PIVW = 0.016). Twenty-seven metabolites were suggestive associated with appendicular lean mass or grip strength. This MR study provided evidence for the potential effects of metabolites on sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sha
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (T.S.); (N.W.); (H.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Aging-Related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (T.S.); (N.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Aging-Related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha 410008, China
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hongyi He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (T.S.); (N.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Yilun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (T.S.); (N.W.); (H.H.)
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (T.S.); (N.W.); (H.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Aging-Related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Guanghua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (T.S.); (N.W.); (H.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Aging-Related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang J, Zheng Y, Martens L, Pfeiffer AFH. The Regulation and Secretion of Glucagon in Response to Nutrient Composition: Unraveling Their Intricate Mechanisms. Nutrients 2023; 15:3913. [PMID: 37764697 PMCID: PMC10536047 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon was initially regarded as a hyperglycemic substance; however, recent research has revealed its broader role in metabolism, encompassing effects on glucose, amino acids (AAs), and lipid metabolism. Notably, the interplay of glucagon with nutrient intake, particularly of AAs, and non-nutrient components is central to its secretion. Fasting and postprandial hyperglucagonemia have long been linked to the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, recent studies have brought to light the positive impact of glucagon agonists on lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. This review explores the multifaceted actions of glucagon, focusing on its regulation, signaling pathways, and effects on glucose, AAs, and lipid metabolism. The interplay between glucagon and other hormones, including insulin and incretins, is examined to provide a mechanistic understanding of its functions. Notably, the liver-α-cell axis, which involves glucagon and amino acids, emerges as a critical aspect of metabolic regulation. The dysregulation of glucagon secretion and its impact on conditions such as T2DM are discussed. The review highlights the potential therapeutic applications of targeting the glucagon pathway in the treatment of metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiudan Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China;
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (L.M.); (A.F.H.P.)
| | - Yang Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China;
| | - Lisa Martens
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (L.M.); (A.F.H.P.)
- Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (L.M.); (A.F.H.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sui Y, Che Y, Zhong Y, He L. Genome-Wide Association Studies Using 3VmrMLM Model Provide New Insights into Branched-Chain Amino Acid Contents in Rice Grains. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2970. [PMID: 37631180 PMCID: PMC10459631 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a globally important food source providing carbohydrates, amino acids, and dietary fiber for humans and livestock. The branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) level is a complex trait related to the nutrient quality of rice. However, the genetic mechanism underlying the BCAA (valine, leucine, and isoleucine) accumulation in rice grains remains largely unclear. In this study, the grain BCAA contents and 239,055 SNPs of a diverse panel containing 422 rice accessions were adopted to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a recently proposed 3VmrMLM model. A total of 357 BCAA-content-associated main-effect quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) were identified from 15 datasets (12 BCAA content datasets and 3 BLUP datasets of BCAA). Furthermore, the allelic variation of two novel candidate genes, LOC_Os01g52530 and LOC_Os06g15420, responsible for the isoleucine (Ile) content alteration were identified. To reveal the genetic basis of the potential interactions between the gene and environmental factor, 53 QTN-by-environment interactions (QEIs) were detected using the 3VmrMLM model. The LOC_Os03g24460, LOC_Os01g55590, and LOC_Os12g31820 were considered as the candidate genes potentially contributing to the valine (Val), leucine (Leu), and isoleucine (Ile) accumulations, respectively. Additionally, 10 QTN-by-QTN interactions (QQIs) were detected using the 3VmrMLM model, which were putative gene-by-gene interactions related to the Leu and Ile contents. Taken together, these findings suggest that the implementation of the 3VmrMLM model in a GWAS may provide new insights into the deeper understanding of BCAA accumulation in rice grains. The identified QTNs/QEIs/QQIs serve as potential targets for the genetic improvement of rice with high BCAA levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liqiang He
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sander J, Terhardt M, Janzen N, Renaud B, Kruse CJ, François AC, Wouters CP, Boemer F, Votion DM. Tissue Specific Distribution and Activation of Sapindaceae Toxins in Horses Suffering from Atypical Myopathy. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2410. [PMID: 37570219 PMCID: PMC10417358 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine atypical myopathy is caused by hypoglycin A (HGA) and methylenecyclopropylglycine (MCPrG), the known protoxins of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus). Various tissues from five atypical myopathy cases were analyzed but only HGA was found. Whether deamination of MCPrG has already occurred in the intestine as the first stage of metabolization has not been investigated. Activation of the protoxins to methylenecyclopropylacetyl (MCPA)-CoA and methylenecyclopropylformyl (MCPF)-CoA, respectively, occurred mainly in the skeletal muscles, as evidenced by very high concentrations of MCPA-carnitine and MCPF-carnitine in this tissue. Inhibition of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases of short- and medium-chain as well as branched-chain fatty acids by the toxins led to a strong increase in the corresponding acylcarnitines, again preferentially in skeletal muscles. An accumulation of the long-chain acylcarnitines beyond the level of the control samples could not be detected in the tissues. As a high amount of HGA was always found unmetabolized in the organs, we speculate that targeting the interruption of further metabolization might be a way to stop the progression of intoxication. Inhibition of the mitochondrial branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase, i.e., the first enzyme responsible for the activation of sycamore maple protoxins, could be a therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Sander
- Screening-Labor Hannover, 30952 Ronnenberg, Germany; (M.T.); (N.J.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hanover Medical School, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Michael Terhardt
- Screening-Labor Hannover, 30952 Ronnenberg, Germany; (M.T.); (N.J.)
| | - Nils Janzen
- Screening-Labor Hannover, 30952 Ronnenberg, Germany; (M.T.); (N.J.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hanover Medical School, 30625 Hanover, Germany
| | - Benoît Renaud
- Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (B.R.); (A.-C.F.); (C.P.W.); (D.-M.V.)
| | - Caroline-Julia Kruse
- Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Anne-Christine François
- Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (B.R.); (A.-C.F.); (C.P.W.); (D.-M.V.)
| | - Clovis P. Wouters
- Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (B.R.); (A.-C.F.); (C.P.W.); (D.-M.V.)
| | - François Boemer
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Human Genetics, CHU Sart Tilman, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Dominique-Marie Votion
- Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (B.R.); (A.-C.F.); (C.P.W.); (D.-M.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Phan ND, Omar AM, Takahashi I, Baba H, Okumura T, Imura J, Okada T, Toyooka N, Fujii T, Awale S. Nicolaioidesin C: An Antiausterity Agent Shows Promising Antitumor Activity in a Pancreatic Cancer Xenograft Mouse Model. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1402-1410. [PMID: 36938707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Human pancreatic tumors are hypovascular in nature, and their tumor microenvironment is often characterized by hypoxia and severe nutrient deprivation due to uncontrolled heterogeneous growth, a phenomenon known as "austerity". However, pancreatic tumor cells have the inherent ability to adapt and thrive even in such low nutrient and hypoxic microenvironments. Anticancer drugs such as gemcitabine and paclitaxel, which target rapidly proliferating cells, are often ineffective against nutrient-deprived pancreatic cancer cells. In order to overcome this limitation, the search for novel agents that can eliminate cancer cells' adaptations to nutrition starvation, also known as "antiausterity" agents, represents a promising strategy to make the cancer cells susceptible to treatment. The natural product (+)-nicolaioidesin C (Nic-C) was found to have potent antiausterity activity against the PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cell line in a nutrient-deprived condition. However, its efficacy in vivo remained untested. To address this, we synthesized Nic-C in its racemic form and evaluated its antitumor potential in a human pancreatic cancer xenograft model. Nic-C inhibited pancreatic cancer cell migration and colony formation and significantly inhibited tumor growth in MIA PaCa-2 xenografts in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Nic-C inhibited the Akt/mTOR and autophagy signaling pathways in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Metabolomic profiling of in vivo tumor samples suggests that Nic-C downregulates amino acid metabolism while upregulating sphingolipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Duy Phan
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ashraf M Omar
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ikue Takahashi
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hayato Baba
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Okumura
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Johji Imura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takuya Okada
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki Toyooka
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Suresh Awale
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Branched chain amino acids catabolism as a source of new drug targets in pathogenic protists. Exp Parasitol 2023; 249:108499. [PMID: 36898495 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Leucine, isoleucine, and valine, collectively termed Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAA), are hydrophobic amino acids (AAs) and are essential for most eukaryotes since in these organisms they cannot be biosynthesized and must be supplied by the diet. These AAs are structurally relevant for muscle cells and, of course, important for the protein synthesis process. The metabolism of BCAA and its participation in different biological processes in mammals have been relatively well described. However, for other organisms as pathogenic parasites, the literature is really scarce. Here we review the BCAA catabolism, compile evidence on their relevance for pathogenic eukaryotes with special emphasis on kinetoplastids and highlight unique aspects of this underrated pathway.
Collapse
|
23
|
Pixner T, Stummer N, Schneider AM, Lukas A, Gramlinger K, Julian V, Thivel D, Mörwald K, Mangge H, Dalus C, Aigner E, Furthner D, Weghuber D, Maruszczak K. The relationship between glucose and the liver-alpha cell axis - A systematic review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1061682. [PMID: 36686477 PMCID: PMC9849557 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1061682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Until recently, glucagon was considered a mere antagonist to insulin, protecting the body from hypoglycemia. This notion changed with the discovery of the liver-alpha cell axis (LACA) as a feedback loop. The LACA describes how glucagon secretion and pancreatic alpha cell proliferation are stimulated by circulating amino acids. Glucagon in turn leads to an upregulation of amino acid metabolism and ureagenesis in the liver. Several increasingly common diseases (e.g., non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity) disrupt this feedback loop. It is important for clinicians and researchers alike to understand the liver-alpha cell axis and the metabolic sequelae of these diseases. While most of previous studies have focused on fasting concentrations of glucagon and amino acids, there is limited knowledge of their dynamics after glucose administration. The authors of this systematic review applied PRISMA guidelines and conducted PubMed searches to provide results of 8078 articles (screened and if relevant, studied in full). This systematic review aims to provide better insight into the LACA and its mediators (amino acids and glucagon), focusing on the relationship between glucose and the LACA in adult and pediatric subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pixner
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Salzkammergutklinikum Voecklabruck, Voecklabruck, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nathalie Stummer
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna Maria Schneider
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Lukas
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Salzkammergutklinikum Voecklabruck, Voecklabruck, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karin Gramlinger
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Salzkammergutklinikum Voecklabruck, Voecklabruck, Austria
| | - Valérie Julian
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, Human Nutrition Research Center (CRNH), INRA, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Katharina Mörwald
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christopher Dalus
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Elmar Aigner
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- First Department of Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dieter Furthner
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Salzkammergutklinikum Voecklabruck, Voecklabruck, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Maruszczak
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Broseta JJ, Roca M, Rodríguez-Espinosa D, López-Romero LC, Gómez-Bori A, Cuadrado-Payán E, Bea-Granell S, Devesa-Such R, Soldevila A, Sánchez-Pérez P, Hernández-Jaras J. The metabolomic differential plasma profile between dialysates. Pursuing to understand the mechanisms of citrate dialysate clinical benefits. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1013335. [PMID: 36467686 PMCID: PMC9709283 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1013335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Currently, bicarbonate-based dialysate needs a buffer to prevent precipitation of bicarbonate salts with the bivalent cations, and acetate at 3-4 mmol/L is the most used. However, citrate is being postulated as a preferred option because of its association with better clinical results by poorly understood mechanisms. In that sense, this hypothesis-generating study aims to identify potential metabolites that could biologically explain these improvements found in patients using citrate dialysate. Methods: A unicentric, cross-over, prospective untargeted metabolomics study was designed to analyze the differences between two dialysates only differing in their buffer, one containing 4 mmol/L of acetate (AD) and the other 1 mmol/L of citrate (CD). Blood samples were collected in four moments (i.e., pre-, mid-, post-, and 30-min-post-dialysis) and analyzed in an untargeted metabolomics approach based on UPLC-Q-ToF mass spectrometry. Results: The 31 most discriminant metabolomic variables from the plasma samples of the 21 participants screened by their potential clinical implications show that, after dialysis with CD, some uremic toxins appear to be better cleared, the lysine degradation pathway is affected, and branched-chain amino acids post-dialysis levels are 9-10 times higher than with AD; and, on its part, dialysis with AD affects acylcarnitine clearance. Conclusion: Although most metabolic changes seen in this study could be attributable to the dialysis treatment itself, this study successfully identifies some metabolic variables that differ between CD and AD, which raise new hypotheses that may unveil the mechanisms involved in the clinical improvements observed with citrate in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Jesús Broseta
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Roca
- Analytcal Unit Platform, Medical Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Diana Rodríguez-Espinosa
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Aina Gómez-Bori
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Cuadrado-Payán
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Bea-Granell
- Department of Nephrology, Consorci Hospital General Universitari de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Devesa-Such
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Soldevila
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Sánchez-Pérez
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Causality of genetically determined metabolites on anxiety disorders: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Lab Invest 2022; 20:475. [PMID: 36266699 PMCID: PMC9583573 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although anxiety disorders are one of the most prevalent mental disorders, their underlying biological mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In recent years, genetically determined metabolites (GDMs) have been used to reveal the biological mechanisms of mental disorders. However, this strategy has not been applied to anxiety disorders. Herein, we explored the causality of GDMs on anxiety disorders through Mendelian randomization study, with the overarching goal of unraveling the biological mechanisms. METHODS A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was implemented to assess the causality of GDMs on anxiety disorders. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 486 metabolites was used as the exposure, whereas four different GWAS datasets of anxiety disorders were the outcomes. Notably, all datasets were acquired from publicly available databases. A genetic instrumental variable (IV) was used to explore the causality between the metabolite and anxiety disorders for each metabolite. The MR Steiger filtering method was implemented to examine the causality between metabolites and anxiety disorders. The standard inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was first used for the causality analysis, followed by three additional MR methods (the MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO (pleiotropy residual sum and outlier) methods) for sensitivity analyses in MR analysis. MR-Egger intercept, and Cochran's Q statistical analysis were used to evaluate possible heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Bonferroni correction was used to determine the causative association features (P < 1.03 × 10-4). Furthermore, metabolic pathways analysis was performed using the web-based MetaboAnalyst 5.0 software. All statistical analysis were performed in R software. The STROBE-MR checklist for the reporting of MR studies was used in this study. RESULTS In MR analysis, 85 significant causative relationship GDMs were identified. Among them, 11 metabolites were overlapped in the four different datasets of anxiety disorders. Bonferroni correction showing1-linoleoylglycerophosphoethanolamine (ORfixed-effect IVW = 1.04; 95% CI 1.021-1.06; Pfixed-effect IVW = 4.3 × 10-5) was the most reliable causal metabolite. Our results were robust even without a single SNP because of a "leave-one-out" analysis. The MR-Egger intercept test indicated that genetic pleiotropy had no effect on the results (intercept = - 0.0013, SE = 0.0006, P = 0.06). No heterogeneity was detected by Cochran's Q test (MR-Egger. Q = 7.68, P = 0.742; IVW. Q = 12.12, P = 0.436). A directionality test conducted by MR Steiger confirmed our estimation of potential causal direction (P < 0.001). In addition, two significant pathways, the "primary bile acid biosynthesis" pathway (P = 0.008) and the "valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis" pathway (P = 0.03), were identified through metabolic pathway analysis. CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into the causal effects of GDMs on anxiety disorders by integrating genomics and metabolomics. The metabolites that drive anxiety disorders may be suited to serve as biomarkers and also will help to unravel the biological mechanisms of anxiety disorders.
Collapse
|
26
|
Nong X, Zhang C, Wang J, Ding P, Ji G, Wu T. The mechanism of branched-chain amino acid transferases in different diseases: Research progress and future prospects. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988290. [PMID: 36119495 PMCID: PMC9478667 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the enzyme catalyzes the first step of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism is branched-chain amino transferase (BCAT), which is involved in the synthesis and degradation of leucine, isoleucine and valine. There are two main subtypes of human branched chain amino transferase (hBCAT), including cytoplasmic BCAT (BCAT1) and mitochondrial BCAT (BCAT2). In recent years, the role of BCAT in tumors has attracted the attention of scientists, and there have been continuous research reports that BCAT plays a role in the tumor, Alzheimer’s disease, myeloid leukaemia and other diseases. It plays a significant role in the growth and development of diseases, and new discoveries about this gene in some diseases are made every year. BCAT usually promotes cancer proliferation and invasion by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and activating Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction. This article reviews the role and mechanism of BCAT in different diseases, as well as the recent biomedical research progress. This review aims to make a comprehensive summary of the role and mechanism of BCAT in different diseases and to provide new research ideas for the treatment, prognosis and prevention of certain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiazhen Nong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peilun Ding
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Ji, ; ; Tao Wu, ;
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Ji, ; ; Tao Wu, ;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nyunoya H, Ishibashi Y, Ito M, Okino N. Significance of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation for the survivability of Aurantiochytrium limacinum ATCC MYA-1381 during sugar starvation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:1524-1535. [PMID: 35998312 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Thraustochytrids are marine protists that accumulate large amounts of palmitic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in lipid droplets. Random insertional mutagenesis was adopted for Aurantiochytrium limacinum ATCC MYA-1381 to search for genes that regulate lipid metabolism in thraustochytrids. A mutant strain, M17, was selected because of its significant decrease in myristic acid, palmitic acid, and triacylglycerol contents and cell growth defect. Genome analysis revealed that the gene encoding for mitochondrial electron-transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETFQO) was lacking in the M17 strain. This mutant strain exhibited a growth defect at the stationary phase, possibly due to stagnation of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and branched-chain amino acid degradation, both of which were caused by lack of ETFQO. This study shows the usability of random insertional mutagenesis to obtain mutants of lipid metabolism in A. limacinum and clarifies that ETFQO is integral for survival under sugar starvation in A. limacinum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Nyunoya
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yohei Ishibashi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nozomu Okino
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Horváth G, Sváb G, Komlódi T, Ravasz D, Kacsó G, Doczi J, Chinopoulos C, Ambrus A, Tretter L. Reverse and Forward Electron Flow-Induced H2O2 Formation Is Decreased in α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) Subunit (E2 or E3) Heterozygote Knock Out Animals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081487. [PMID: 36009207 PMCID: PMC9404749 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHc), or 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHc) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, that has been identified in neurodegenerative diseases such as in Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of the present study was to establish the role of the KGDHc and its subunits in the bioenergetics and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis of brain mitochondria. To study the bioenergetic profile of KGDHc, genetically modified mouse strains were used having a heterozygous knock out (KO) either in the dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase (DLST+/−) or in the dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD+/−) subunit. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, and expression of antioxidant enzymes were measured in isolated mouse brain mitochondria. Here, we demonstrate that the ADP-stimulated respiration of mitochondria was partially arrested in the transgenic animals when utilizing α-ketoglutarate (α-KG or 2-OG) as a fuel substrate. Succinate and α-glycerophosphate (α-GP), however, did not show this effect. The H2O2 production in mitochondria energized with α-KG was decreased after inhibiting the adenine nucleotide translocase and Complex I (CI) in the transgenic strains compared to the controls. Similarly, the reverse electron transfer (RET)-evoked H2O2 formation supported by succinate or α-GP were inhibited in mitochondria isolated from the transgenic animals. The decrease of RET-evoked ROS production by DLST+/− or DLD+/− KO-s puts the emphasis of the KGDHc in the pathomechanism of ischemia-reperfusion evoked oxidative stress. Supporting this notion, expression of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase was also decreased in the KGDHc transgenic animals suggesting the attenuation of ROS-producing characteristics of KGDHc. These findings confirm the contribution of the KGDHc to the mitochondrial ROS production and in the pathomechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Collapse
|
29
|
Palmieri F, Monné M, Fiermonte G, Palmieri L. Mitochondrial transport and metabolism of the vitamin B-derived cofactors thiamine pyrophosphate, coenzyme A, FAD and NAD + , and related diseases: A review. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:592-617. [PMID: 35304818 PMCID: PMC9311062 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple mitochondrial matrix enzymes playing key roles in metabolism require cofactors for their action. Due to the high impermeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane, these cofactors need to be synthesized within the mitochondria or be imported, themselves or one of their precursors, into the organelles. Transporters belonging to the protein family of mitochondrial carriers have been identified to transport the coenzymes: thiamine pyrophosphate, coenzyme A, FAD and NAD+ , which are all structurally similar to nucleotides and derived from different B-vitamins. These mitochondrial cofactors bind more or less tightly to their enzymes and, after having been involved in a specific reaction step, are regenerated, spontaneously or by other enzymes, to return to their active form, ready for the next catalysis round. Disease-causing mutations in the mitochondrial cofactor carrier genes compromise not only the transport reaction but also the activity of all mitochondrial enzymes using that particular cofactor and the metabolic pathways in which the cofactor-dependent enzymes are involved. The mitochondrial transport, metabolism and diseases of the cofactors thiamine pyrophosphate, coenzyme A, FAD and NAD+ are the focus of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of BariBariItaly
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)BariItaly
| | - Magnus Monné
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of BariBariItaly
- Department of SciencesUniversity of BasilicataPotenzaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of BariBariItaly
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)BariItaly
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of BariBariItaly
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM)BariItaly
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tai HJ, Lee MC, Hsu YJ, Kuo CY, Huang CC, Wang MF. Sea Bass Essence from Lates calcarifer Improves Exercise Performance and Anti-Fatigue in Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060531. [PMID: 35736463 PMCID: PMC9227615 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea bass (Lates calcarifer) is rich in protein, amino acids, and long-chain omega 3 (omega-3), which have many health benefits. In East Asian food culture, soup is often eaten as a nutritional supplement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefits of Hi-Q sea bass essence (SBE) supplementation for improved exercise performance and anti-fatigue. Fifty male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided to five groups (10 mice/group) and administered different doses of SBE (EC): (1) vehicle (water); (2) isocaloric (0.94 g casein/kg/mice/day); (3) SBE-1X (1.04 g/kg/mice/day); (4) SBE-2X (2.08 g/kg/mice/day); and (5) SBE-4X (4.16 g/kg/mice/day). We found that SBE supplementation significantly improved more than 1.96-fold endurance exercise performance (p < 0.05) and more than 1.13-fold glycogen storage in the liver and muscles (p < 0.05), and had dose-dependent by SBE dose (p < 0.05). In addition, supplementation with SBE at different doses had significant effects on the fatigue-related biochemical markers, i.e., lactate, ammonia, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were reduced significantly (p < 0.05), and were also dose-dependent. In conclusion, supplementation with SBE for 4 weeks was able to effectively improve exercise performance and had an anti-fatigue effect. In addition, it did not cause any physiological or histopathological damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jun Tai
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan;
| | - Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 33301, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 33301, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Chun-Yen Kuo
- Program in Health and Social Welfare for Indigenous Peoples, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 33301, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (M.-F.W.); Tel.: +886-3-328-3201 (ext. 2409) (C.-C.H.); +886-4-042-632-8001 (M.-F.W.)
| | - Ming-Fu Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (M.-F.W.); Tel.: +886-3-328-3201 (ext. 2409) (C.-C.H.); +886-4-042-632-8001 (M.-F.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hu ZK, Niu JL, Lin JJ, Guo Y, Dong LH. Proteomics of restenosis model in LDLR-deficient hamsters coupled with the proliferative rat vascular smooth muscle cells reveals a new mechanism of vascular remodeling diseases. J Proteomics 2022; 264:104634. [PMID: 35661764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A major pathological mechanism involved in vascular remodeling diseases is the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. The lipid distribution of golden hamsters is similar to that of humans, which makes them an excellent study model for studying the pathogenesis and molecular characteristics of vascular remodeling diseases. We performed proteomic analysis on Sprague Dawley rat VSMCs (rVSMCs) and restenosis hamsters with low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) deficiency as part of this study. We have also performed the enrichment analysis of differentially modified proteins in regards to Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and protein domain. 1070 differentially abundant proteins were assessed in rVSMCs before and after platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) stimulation. Specifically, 1246 proteins displayed significant differences in the restenosis model in LDLR-deficient hamsters. An analysis of crosstalk between LDLR+/- hamsters artery restenosis and proliferating rVSMCs revealed 130 differentially expressed proteins, including 67 up-regulated proteins and 63 downregulated proteins. Enrichment analysis with KEGG showed differential proteins to be mainly concentrated in metabolic pathways. There are numerous differentially abundant proteins but particularly two proteins (phosphofructokinase 1 of liver type and lactate dehydrogenase A) were found to be up-regulated by PDGF-BB stimulation of rVSMCs and in a restenosis model of hamsters with LDLR+/- expression. SIGNIFICANCE: Based on bioinformatics, we have found glycolysis pathway plays an important role in both the LDLR+/- hamsters restenosis model and the proliferation of rVSMCs. Some key glycolysis enzymes may likely be developed either as new biomarkers or drug targets for vascular remodeling diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Kun Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jiang-Ling Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jia-Jie Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Li-Hua Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Artemether Alleviates Diabetic Kidney Disease by Modulating Amino Acid Metabolism. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7339611. [PMID: 35601149 PMCID: PMC9117059 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7339611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a worldwide metabolic disease with rapid growing incidence, characterized by hyperglycemia. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), has a high morbidity according to the constantly increasing diabetic patients and always develops irreversible deterioration of renal function. Though different in pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and therapies, both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can evolve into DKD. Since amino acids are both biomarkers and causal agents, rarely report has been made about its metabolism which lies in T1DM- and T2DM-related kidney disease. This study was designed to investigate artemether in adjusting renal amino acid metabolism in T1DM and T2DM mice. Artemether was applied as treatment in streptozotocin (STZ) induced T1DM mice and db/db T2DM mice, respectively. Artemether-treated mice showed lower FBG and HbA1c and reduced urinary albumin excretion, as well as urinary NAG. Both types of diabetic mice showed enlarged kidneys, as confirmed by increased kidney weight and the ratio of kidney weight to body weight. Artemether normalized kidney size and thus attenuated renal hypertrophy. Kidney tissue UPLC-MS analysis showed that branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and citrulline were upregulated in diabetic mice without treatment and downregulated after being treated with artemether. Expressions of glutamine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, ornithine, glycine, histidine, phenylalanine and threonine were decreased in both types of diabetic mice whereas they increased after artemether treatment. The study demonstrates the initial evidence that artemether exerted renal protection in DKD by modulating amino acid metabolism.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kori M, Cig D, Arga KY, Kasavi C. Multiomics Data Integration Identifies New Molecular Signatures for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Aortic Occlusive Disease: Implications for Early Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Targets. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2022; 26:290-304. [PMID: 35447046 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2022.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among adults in developed countries. Among CVDs, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and aortic occlusive disease (AOD) are of great public health importance because of the high mortality rate in the elderly population. Despite significant molecular insights into AAA and AOD, the molecular mechanisms of these diseases remain unclear, and the current lack of robust diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers requires novel approaches to biomarker discovery and molecular targeting. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of genome-wide expression data from patients with large AAA (n = 29), small AAA (n = 20), AOD (n = 9), and controls (n = 10). Specifically, we identified the differentially expressed genes and associated molecular pathways and biological processes (BPs) in each disease. Using a systems science approach, these data were linked to comprehensive human biological networks (i.e., protein-protein interaction, transcriptional regulatory, and metabolic networks) to identify molecular signatures of the salient mechanisms of AAA and AOD. Significant alterations in lipid metabolism and valine, leucine, and isoleucine metabolism, as well as neurodegenerative diseases and sex differences in the pathogenesis of AAA and AOD were identified. In the presence of aneurysm, size-dependent changes in lipid metabolism were observed. In addition, molecules and signaling pathways related to immunity, inflammation, infectious disease, and oxidative phosphorylation were identified in common. The results of the comparative and integrative analyzes revealed important clues to disease mechanisms and reporter molecules at various levels that warrant future development as potential prognostic biomarkers and putative therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Medi Kori
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Defne Cig
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kazim Yalcin Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceyda Kasavi
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dimou A, Tsimihodimos V, Bairaktari E. The Critical Role of the Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) Catabolism-Regulating Enzymes, Branched-Chain Aminotransferase (BCAT) and Branched-Chain α-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase (BCKD), in Human Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074022. [PMID: 35409380 PMCID: PMC8999875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), leucine, isoleucine and valine, are essential amino acids widely studied for their crucial role in the regulation of protein synthesis mainly through the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway and their emerging recognition as players in the regulation of various physiological and metabolic processes, such as glucose homeostasis. BCAA supplementation is primarily used as a beneficial nutritional intervention in chronic liver and kidney disease as well as in muscle wasting disorders. However, downregulated/upregulated plasma BCAAs and their defective catabolism in various tissues, mainly due to altered enzymatic activity of the first two enzymes in their catabolic pathway, BCAA aminotransferase (BCAT) and branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD), have been investigated in many nutritional and disease states. The current review focused on the underlying mechanisms of altered BCAA catabolism and its contribution to the pathogenesis of a numerous pathological conditions such as diabetes, heart failure and cancer. In addition, we summarize findings that indicate that the recovery of the dysregulated BCAA catabolism may be associated with an improved outcome and the prevention of serious disease complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Dimou
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Vasilis Tsimihodimos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Eleni Bairaktari
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-26510-07620
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Modeling of Tumor Growth with Input from Patient-Specific Metabolomic Data. Ann Biomed Eng 2022; 50:314-329. [PMID: 35083584 PMCID: PMC9743982 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-02904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Advances in omic technologies have provided insight into cancer progression and treatment response. However, the nonlinear characteristics of cancer growth present a challenge to bridge from the molecular- to the tissue-scale, as tumor behavior cannot be encapsulated by the sum of the individual molecular details gleaned experimentally. Mathematical modeling and computational simulation have been traditionally employed to facilitate analysis of nonlinear systems. In this study, for the first time tumor metabolomic data are linked via mathematical modeling to the tumor tissue-scale behavior, showing the capability to mechanistically simulate cancer progression personalized to omic information obtainable from patient tumor core biopsy analysis. Generally, a higher degree of metabolic dysregulation has been correlated with more aggressive tumor behavior. Accordingly, key parameters influenced by metabolomic data in this model include tumor proliferation, vascularization, aggressiveness, lactic acid production, monocyte infiltration and macrophage polarization, and drug effect. The model enables evaluating interactions of interest between these parameters which drive tumor growth based on the metabolomic data. The results show that the model can group patients consistently with the clinically observed outcomes of response/non-response to chemotherapy. This modeling approach provides a first step towards evaluation of tumor growth based on tumor-specific metabolomic data.
Collapse
|
36
|
Correia MJ, Pimpão AB, Fernandes DGF, Morello J, Sequeira CO, Calado J, Antunes AMM, Almeida MS, Branco P, Monteiro EC, Vicente JB, Serpa J, Pereira SA. Cysteine as a Multifaceted Player in Kidney, the Cysteine-Related Thiolome and Its Implications for Precision Medicine. Molecules 2022; 27:1416. [PMID: 35209204 PMCID: PMC8874463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review encouraged by original data, we first provided in vivo evidence that the kidney, comparative to the liver or brain, is an organ particularly rich in cysteine. In the kidney, the total availability of cysteine was higher in cortex tissue than in the medulla and distributed in free reduced, free oxidized and protein-bound fractions (in descending order). Next, we provided a comprehensive integrated review on the evidence that supports the reliance on cysteine of the kidney beyond cysteine antioxidant properties, highlighting the relevance of cysteine and its renal metabolism in the control of cysteine excess in the body as a pivotal source of metabolites to kidney biomass and bioenergetics and a promoter of adaptive responses to stressors. This view might translate into novel perspectives on the mechanisms of kidney function and blood pressure regulation and on clinical implications of the cysteine-related thiolome as a tool in precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Correia
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (A.B.P.); (J.M.); (C.O.S.); (M.S.A.); (P.B.); (E.C.M.); (J.S.)
| | - António B. Pimpão
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (A.B.P.); (J.M.); (C.O.S.); (M.S.A.); (P.B.); (E.C.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Dalila G. F. Fernandes
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (D.G.F.F.); (J.B.V.)
| | - Judit Morello
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (A.B.P.); (J.M.); (C.O.S.); (M.S.A.); (P.B.); (E.C.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Catarina O. Sequeira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (A.B.P.); (J.M.); (C.O.S.); (M.S.A.); (P.B.); (E.C.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Joaquim Calado
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Nephrology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, 1069-166 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandra M. M. Antunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Manuel S. Almeida
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (A.B.P.); (J.M.); (C.O.S.); (M.S.A.); (P.B.); (E.C.M.); (J.S.)
- Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, 2790-134 Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Branco
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (A.B.P.); (J.M.); (C.O.S.); (M.S.A.); (P.B.); (E.C.M.); (J.S.)
- Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, 2790-134 Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Emília C. Monteiro
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (A.B.P.); (J.M.); (C.O.S.); (M.S.A.); (P.B.); (E.C.M.); (J.S.)
| | - João B. Vicente
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (D.G.F.F.); (J.B.V.)
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (A.B.P.); (J.M.); (C.O.S.); (M.S.A.); (P.B.); (E.C.M.); (J.S.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia A. Pereira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (A.B.P.); (J.M.); (C.O.S.); (M.S.A.); (P.B.); (E.C.M.); (J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lee MC, Hsu YJ, Lin YQ, Chen LN, Chen MT, Huang CC. Effects of Perch Essence Supplementation on Improving Exercise Performance and Anti-Fatigue in Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031155. [PMID: 35162178 PMCID: PMC8834868 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) has many nutrition and health benefits, being a rich source of macro and micronutrients, phospholipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a variety of essential minerals while having a high protein content. In addition to direct consumption, it is often made into a soup as an important nutritional supplement for strengthening the body and delaying fatigue. By extracting the essence, its quality can be controlled, and it is convenient to supplement. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with Santé premium silver perch essence (SPSPE) on improving exercise performance and anti-fatigue. Fifty male institute of cancer research (ICR) mice were divided into five groups (n = 10/group): (1) vehicle (vehicle control or water only), (2) isocaloric (0.93 g casein/kg/mice/day), (3) SPSPE-1X (0.99 g/kg/mice/day), (4) SPSPE-2X (1.98 g/kg/mice/day), and (5) SPSPE-5X (4.95 g/kg/mice/day). A sample or an equal volume of liquid was fed orally for four consecutive weeks. Grip strength and swimming exhaustion tests were used as exercise performance assessments. After 10 and 90 min of unloaded swimming, biochemical parameters of fatigue were evaluated. We found that supplementation with SPSPE for four consecutive weeks could significantly improve mice’s grip strength, exercise endurance performance, and glycogen content (p < 0.05), and significantly reduced post-exercise fatigue biochemical parameters, such as lactate, blood ammonia (NH3), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration, and muscle damage index creatine kinase (CK) activity (p < 0.05). In summary, supplementation with SPSPE for 4 weeks could effectively improve exercise performance, reduce sports fatigue, and accelerate fatigue recovery. In addition, it did not cause any physiological or histopathological damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Q.L.)
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Q.L.)
| | - Yu-Qian Lin
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Q.L.)
| | - Ling-Ni Chen
- Anyong Biotechnology, Inc., Kaohsiung City 827, Taiwan;
| | - Mu-Tsung Chen
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Shih Chien University, Taipei City 104, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (Y.-Q.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-328-3201 (ext. 2619)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Metabolic modeling of host-microbe interactions for therapeutics in colorectal cancer. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2022; 8:1. [PMID: 35046399 PMCID: PMC8770697 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-021-00210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of colorectal cancer (CRC) is often attributed to gut bacterial dysbiosis, and thus gut microbiota are highly relevant in devising treatment strategies. Certain gut microbes, like Enterococcus spp., exhibit remarkable anti-neoplastic and probiotic properties, which can aid in silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-based CRC treatment. However, the effects of AgNPs on gut microbial metabolism have not been reported thus far. In this study, a detailed systems-level understanding of ROS metabolism in Enterococcus durans (E. durans), a representative gut microbe, was gained using constraint-based modeling, wherein, the critical association between ROS and folate metabolism was established. Experimental studies involving low AgNP concentration treatment of E. durans cultures confirmed these modeling predictions (an increased extracellular folate concentration by 52%, at the 9th h of microbial growth, was observed). Besides, the computational studies established various metabolic pathways involving amino acids, energy metabolites, nucleotides, and SCFAs as the key players in elevating folate levels on ROS exposure. The anti-cancer potential of E. durans was also studied through MTT analysis of HCT 116 cells treated with microbial culture (AgNP treated) supernatant. A decrease in cell viability by 19% implicated the role of microbial metabolites (primarily folate) in causing cell death. The genome-scale modeling approach was then extended to extensively model CRC metabolism, as well as CRC-E. durans interactions in the context of CRC treatment, using tissue-specific metabolic models of CRC and healthy colon. These findings on further validation can facilitate the development of robust and effective cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
39
|
Kim WK, Singh AK, Wang J, Applegate T. Functional role of branched chain amino acids in poultry: a review. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101715. [PMID: 35299066 PMCID: PMC8927823 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides insight into the effects of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA: leucine, isoleucine, and valine) on the growth, production performance, immunity, and intestinal health of poultry. Besides providing nitrogen substrates and carbon framework for energy homeostasis and transamination, BCAA also function as signaling molecules in the regulation of glucose, lipid, and protein synthesis via protein kinase B and as a mechanistic target of the rapamycin (AKT-mTOR) signaling pathway that is important for muscle accretion. The level of leucine is generally high in cereals and an imbalance in the ratio among the 3 BCAA in a low protein diet would produce a negative effect on poultry growth performance. This occurs due to the structural similarity of the 3 BCAA, which leads to metabolic competition and interference with the enzymatic degradation pathway. Emerging evidence shows that the inclusion of BCAA is essential for the proper functioning of the innate and adaptive immune system and the maintenance of intestinal mucosal integrity. The recommended levels of BCAA for poultry are outlined by NRC (1994), but commercial broilers and laying hen breed standards also determine their own recommended levels. In this review, it has been noted that the requirement for BCAA is influenced by the diet type, breed, and age of the birds. Additionally, several studies focused on the effects of BCAA in low protein diets as a strategy to reduce nitrogen excretion. Notably, there is limited research on the inclusion ratio of BCAA in a supplemental form as compared to the ingredient-bound form which would affect the dynamics of utilization in different disease-challenged conditions, especially those affecting digesta passage ratio. In summary, this review encompasses the role of BCAA as functional AA and discusses their physiological effects on the productivity and health of poultry. The observations and interpretations of this review can guide future research to adjust the recommended levels of BCAA in feeding programs in the absence of subtherapeutic antibiotics in poultry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Todd Applegate
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mondal P, Tiwary N, Sengupta A, Dhang S, Roy S, Das C. Epigenetic Reprogramming of the Glucose Metabolic Pathways by the Chromatin Effectors During Cancer. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:269-336. [PMID: 36301498 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism plays a vital role in regulating cellular homeostasis as it acts as the central axis for energy metabolism, alteration in which may lead to serious consequences like metabolic disorders to life-threatening diseases like cancer. Malignant cells, on the other hand, help in tumor progression through abrupt cell proliferation by adapting to the changed metabolic milieu. Metabolic intermediates also vary from normal cells to cancerous ones to help the tumor manifestation. However, metabolic reprogramming is an important phenomenon of cells through which they try to maintain the balance between normal and carcinogenic outcomes. In this process, transcription factors and chromatin modifiers play an essential role to modify the chromatin landscape of important genes related directly or indirectly to metabolism. Our chapter surmises the importance of glucose metabolism and the role of metabolic intermediates in the cell. Also, we summarize the influence of histone effectors in reprogramming the cancer cell metabolism. An interesting aspect of this chapter includes the detailed methods to detect the aberrant metabolic flux, which can be instrumental for the therapeutic regimen of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payel Mondal
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Niharika Tiwary
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Amrita Sengupta
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Sinjini Dhang
- Structural Biology & Bio-Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Structural Biology & Bio-Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hayashi K, Anzai N. L-type amino acid transporter 1 as a target for inflammatory disease and cancer immunotherapy. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 148:31-40. [PMID: 34924127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ingestion of amino acids is fundamental for cellular activity. Amino acids are important components for protein synthesis but are also crucial for intracellular metabolic reactions and signal transduction. Following activation, immune cells induce metabolic reprogramming to generate adequate energy and constitutive substances. Hence, the delivery of amino acids by transporters is necessary for the progression of metabolic rewiring. In this review, we discuss how amino acids and their transporters regulate immune cell functions, with emphasis on LAT1, a transporter of large neutral amino acids. Furthermore, we explore the possibility of targeting amino acid transporters to improve immune disorders and cancer immune therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuga, Japan.
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuga, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rossmeislová L, Gojda J, Smolková K. Pancreatic cancer: branched-chain amino acids as putative key metabolic regulators? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:1115-1139. [PMID: 34962613 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential amino acids utilized in anabolic and catabolic metabolism. While extensively studied in obesity and diabetes, recent evidence suggests an important role for BCAA metabolism in cancer. Elevated plasma levels of BCAA are associated with an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer, namely pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a tumor with one of the highest 1-year mortality rates. The dreadful prognosis for PDAC patients could be attributable also to the early and frequent development of cancer cachexia, a fatal host metabolic reprogramming leading to muscle and adipose wasting. We propose that BCAA dysmetabolism is a unifying component of several pathological conditions, i.e., obesity, insulin resistance, and PDAC. These conditions are mutually dependent since PDAC ranks among cancers tightly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. It is also well-established that PDAC itself can trigger insulin resistance and new-onset diabetes. However, the exact link between BCAA metabolism, development of PDAC, and tissue wasting is still unclear. Although tissue-specific intracellular and systemic metabolism of BCAA is being intensively studied, unresolved questions related to PDAC and cancer cachexia remain, namely, whether elevated circulating BCAA contribute to PDAC etiology, what is the biological background of BCAA elevation, and what is the role of adipose tissue relative to BCAA metabolism during cancer cachexia. To cover those issues, we provide our view on BCAA metabolism at the intracellular, tissue, and whole-body level, with special emphasis on different metabolic links to BCAA intermediates and the role of insulin in substrate handling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Rossmeislová
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Research On Nutrition, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research On Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Gojda
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research On Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Královské Vinohrady University Hospital and Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Smolková
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhuang H, Karvinen S, Törmäkangas T, Zhang X, Ojanen X, Velagapudi V, Alen M, Britton SL, Koch LG, Kainulainen H, Cheng S, Wiklund P. Interactive effects of aging and aerobic capacity on energy metabolism-related metabolites of serum, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue. GeroScience 2021; 43:2679-2691. [PMID: 34089174 PMCID: PMC8602622 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic capacity is a strong predictor of longevity. With aging, aerobic capacity decreases concomitantly with changes in whole body metabolism leading to increased disease risk. To address the role of aerobic capacity, aging, and their interaction on metabolism, we utilized rat models selectively bred for low and high intrinsic aerobic capacity (LCRs/HCRs) and compared the metabolomics of serum, muscle, and white adipose tissue (WAT) at two time points: Young rats were sacrificed at 9 months of age, and old rats were sacrificed at 21 months of age. Targeted and semi-quantitative metabolomics analysis was performed on the ultra-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) platform. The effects of aerobic capacity, aging, and their interaction were studied via regression analysis. Our results showed that high aerobic capacity is associated with an accumulation of isovalerylcarnitine in muscle and serum at rest, which is likely due to more efficient leucine catabolism in muscle. With aging, several amino acids were downregulated in muscle, indicating more efficient amino acid metabolism, whereas in WAT less efficient amino acid metabolism and decreased mitochondrial β-oxidation were observed. Our results further revealed that high aerobic capacity and aging interactively affect lipid metabolism in muscle and WAT, possibly combating unfavorable aging-related changes in whole body metabolism. Our results highlight the significant role of WAT metabolism for healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sira Karvinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Timo Törmäkangas
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Ojanen
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Alen
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Heikki Kainulainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sulin Cheng
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Petri Wiklund
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Huawei Helsinki Research Center, Huawei Technologies Oy (Finland) Co. Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Leucine-Rich Diet Improved Muscle Function in Cachectic Walker 256 Tumour-Bearing Wistar Rats. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123272. [PMID: 34943780 PMCID: PMC8699792 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy occurs in several pathological conditions, such as cancer, especially during cancer-induced cachexia. This condition is associated with increased morbidity and poor treatment response, decreased quality of life, and increased mortality in cancer patients. A leucine-rich diet could be used as a coadjutant therapy to prevent muscle atrophy in patients suffering from cancer cachexia. Besides muscle atrophy, muscle function loss is even more important to patient quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential beneficial effects of leucine supplementation on whole-body functional/movement properties, as well as some markers of muscle breakdown and inflammatory status. Adult Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four experimental groups. Two groups were fed with a control diet (18% protein): Control (C) and Walker 256 tumour-bearing (W), and two other groups were fed with a leucine-rich diet (18% protein + 3% leucine): Leucine Control (L) and Leucine Walker 256 tumour-bearing (LW). A functional analysis (walking, behaviour, and strength tests) was performed before and after tumour inoculation. Cachexia parameters such as body weight loss, muscle and fat mass, pro-inflammatory cytokine profile, and molecular and morphological aspects of skeletal muscle were also determined. As expected, Walker 256 tumour growth led to muscle function decline, cachexia manifestation symptoms, muscle fibre cross-section area reduction, and classical muscle protein degradation pathway activation, with upregulation of FoxO1, MuRF-1, and 20S proteins. On the other hand, despite having no effect on the walking test, inflammation status or muscle oxidative capacity, the leucine-rich diet improved muscle strength and behaviour performance, maintained body weight, fat and muscle mass and decreased some protein degradation markers in Walker 256 tumour-bearing rats. Indeed, a leucine-rich diet alone could not completely revert cachexia but could potentially diminish muscle protein degradation, leading to better muscle functional performance in cancer cachexia.
Collapse
|
45
|
Tran AM, Wander PL, Thomas MK, Leonetti DL, Kahn SE, Fujimoto WY, Boyko EJ. Plasma amino acid profile, a biomarker for visceral adipose tissue that can substitute for waist circumference in Japanese Americans. Obes Res Clin Pract 2021; 15:557-563. [PMID: 34782257 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater visceral fat area (VFA) is associated with cardiometabolic outcomes. We sought to identify cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between amino acid (AA) levels and VFA in Japanese-Americans. METHODS From the cohort of 342 Japanese-American participants (51% men) in a study of diabetes risk factors who were free from diabetes, we measured levels of 20 AA by mass spectrometry, height, weight, waist circumference (WC), VFA, subcutaneous fat area by single-slice CT at the umbilicus. Using AA significantly associated with VFA in univariate analyses, we created a VFA prediction index, termed the 4A index. We compared area under receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the 4A index to WC and an existing AA index (Yamakado et al. Clin Obes 2012) in classifying VFA at different cutoff values. We fit age-adjusted linear regression models to evaluate associations between AA levels and change in VFA over 5 years. RESULTS All 20 AA levels significantly detected VFA excess, but WC was better. The 4A index performed better than Yamakado index at classifying VFA ≥ 100 cm2 (0.798, 0.807 vs. 0.677, 0.671 for men and women, p < 0.0033) and VFA ≥ sex-specific median values (0.797, 0.786 vs. 0.676, 0.629 for men and women, p < 0.0017). AA significantly associated with change in VFA over 5 years were asparagine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, methionine, proline, threonine in men; and histidine, isoleucine, tyrosine in women (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The 4A index can serve as a biomarker for VFA in Japanese-Americans and be considered for this purpose when WC is not available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anh M Tran
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Pandora L Wander
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Melissa K Thomas
- Eli Lilly and Company, 893 Delaware St, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
| | - Donna L Leonetti
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Steven E Kahn
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Wilfred Y Fujimoto
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Edward J Boyko
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhou X, Mikaeloff F, Curbo S, Zhao Q, Kuiper R, Végvári Á, Neogi U, Karlsson A. Coordinated pyruvate kinase activity is crucial for metabolic adaptation and cell survival during mitochondrial dysfunction. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:2012-2026. [PMID: 34169315 PMCID: PMC8522632 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxyguanosine kinase (DGUOK) deficiency causes mtDNA depletion and mitochondrial dysfunction. We reported long survival of DGUOK knockout (Dguok-/-) mice despite low (<5%) mtDNA content in liver tissue. However, the molecular mechanisms enabling the extended survival remain unknown. Using transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics followed by in vitro assays, we aimed to identify the molecular pathways involved in the extended survival of the Dguok-/- mice. At the early stage, the serine synthesis and folate cycle were activated but declined later. Increased activity of the mitochondrial citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) and the urea cycle and degradation of branched chain amino acids were hallmarks of the extended lifespan in DGUOK deficiency. Furthermore, the increased synthesis of TCA cycle intermediates was supported by coordination of two pyruvate kinase genes, PKLR and PKM, indicating a central coordinating role of pyruvate kinases to support the long-term survival in mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Zhou
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Flora Mikaeloff
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Sophie Curbo
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Qian Zhao
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Raoul Kuiper
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 65, Sweden
| | - Ujjwal Neogi
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Anna Karlsson
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Strobbe S, Verstraete J, Stove C, Van Der Straeten D. Metabolic engineering provides insight into the regulation of thiamin biosynthesis in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1832-1847. [PMID: 33944954 PMCID: PMC8331165 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Thiamin (or thiamine) is a water-soluble B-vitamin (B1), which is required, in the form of thiamin pyrophosphate, as an essential cofactor in crucial carbon metabolism reactions in all forms of life. To ensure adequate metabolic functioning, humans rely on a sufficient dietary supply of thiamin. Increasing thiamin levels in plants via metabolic engineering is a powerful strategy to alleviate vitamin B1 malnutrition and thus improve global human health. These engineering strategies rely on comprehensive knowledge of plant thiamin metabolism and its regulation. Here, multiple metabolic engineering strategies were examined in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This was achieved by constitutive overexpression of the three biosynthesis genes responsible for B1 synthesis, HMP-P synthase (THIC), HET-P synthase (THI1), and HMP-P kinase/TMP pyrophosphorylase (TH1), either separate or in combination. By monitoring the levels of thiamin, its phosphorylated entities, and its biosynthetic intermediates, we gained insight into the effect of either strategy on thiamin biosynthesis. Moreover, expression analysis of thiamin biosynthesis genes showed the plant's intriguing ability to respond to alterations in the pathway. Overall, we revealed the necessity to balance the pyrimidine and thiazole branches of thiamin biosynthesis and assessed its biosynthetic intermediates. Furthermore, the accumulation of nonphosphorylated intermediates demonstrated the inefficiency of endogenous thiamin salvage mechanisms. These results serve as guidelines in the development of novel thiamin metabolic engineering strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Strobbe
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jana Verstraete
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ogilvie AR, Watford M, Wu G, Sukumar D, Kwon J, Shapses SA. Decreased fasting serum glucogenic amino acids with a higher compared to normal protein diet during energy restriction in women: a randomized controlled trial. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1467-1472. [PMID: 34338883 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dietary protein alters circulating amino acid (AAs) levels and higher protein intake (HP) is one means of losing weight. We examined 34 overweight and obese women (57 ± 4 years) during 6 months of energy restriction (7.3 ± 3.8% weight loss) divided into groups consuming either normal protein (NP; 18.6 energy% protein) or HP (24.3 energy% protein). There was a reduction in fasting serum glucogenic AAs (p = 0.015) that also associated with greater weight loss (p < 0.05) in the HP group, but not in the NP group. These findings have implications for nutrient prioritization during energy restriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Ogilvie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University and NJ-Institute of Food Health and Nutrition, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - M Watford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University and NJ-Institute of Food Health and Nutrition, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - G Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - D Sukumar
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University and NJ-Institute of Food Health and Nutrition, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - S A Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University and NJ-Institute of Food Health and Nutrition, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-RWJ Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jog R, Chen G, Wang J, Leff T. Hormonal regulation of glycine decarboxylase and its relationship to oxidative stress. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14991. [PMID: 34342168 PMCID: PMC8329434 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In both humans and rodent models, circulating glycine levels are significantly reduced in obesity, glucose intolerance, type II diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The glycine cleavage system and its rate-limiting enzyme, glycine decarboxylase (GLDC), is a major determinant of plasma glycine levels. The goals of this study were to determine if the increased expression of GLDC contributes to the reduced plasma glycine levels seen in disease states, to characterize the hormonal regulation of GLDC gene expression, and to determine if altered GLDC expression has physiological effects that might affect the development of diabetes. The findings presented here show that hepatic GLDC gene expression is elevated in mouse models of obesity and diabetes, as well as by fasting. We demonstrated that GLDC gene expression is strongly regulated by the metabolic hormones glucagon and insulin, and we identified the signaling pathways involved in this regulation. Finally, we found that GLDC expression is linked to glutathione levels, with increased expression associated with elevated levels of glutathione and reduced expression associated with a suppression of glutathione and increased cellular ROS levels. These findings suggest that the hormonal regulation of GLDC contributes not only to the changes in circulating glycine levels seen in metabolic disease, but also affects glutathione production, possibly as a defense against metabolic disease-associated oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Jog
- Department of PathologyCenter for Integrative Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Guohua Chen
- Department of PathologyCenter for Integrative Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of PathologyCenter for Integrative Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| | - Todd Leff
- Department of PathologyCenter for Integrative Endocrine and Metabolic ResearchWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mann G, Mora S, Madu G, Adegoke OAJ. Branched-chain Amino Acids: Catabolism in Skeletal Muscle and Implications for Muscle and Whole-body Metabolism. Front Physiol 2021; 12:702826. [PMID: 34354601 PMCID: PMC8329528 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.702826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are critical for skeletal muscle and whole-body anabolism and energy homeostasis. They also serve as signaling molecules, for example, being able to activate mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). This has implication for macronutrient metabolism. However, elevated circulating levels of BCAAs and of their ketoacids as well as impaired catabolism of these amino acids (AAs) are implicated in the development of insulin resistance and its sequelae, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and of some cancers, although other studies indicate supplements of these AAs may help in the management of some chronic diseases. Here, we first reviewed the catabolism of these AAs especially in skeletal muscle as this tissue contributes the most to whole body disposal of the BCAA. We then reviewed emerging mechanisms of control of enzymes involved in regulating BCAA catabolism. Such mechanisms include regulation of their abundance by microRNA and by post translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination. We also reviewed implications of impaired metabolism of BCAA for muscle and whole-body metabolism. We comment on outstanding questions in the regulation of catabolism of these AAs, including regulation of the abundance and post-transcriptional/post-translational modification of enzymes that regulate BCAA catabolism, as well the impact of circadian rhythm, age and mTORC1 on these enzymes. Answers to such questions may facilitate emergence of treatment/management options that can help patients suffering from chronic diseases linked to impaired metabolism of the BCAAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Olasunkanmi A. J. Adegoke
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|