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Senba H, Nishikawa A, Kimura Y, Tanaka S, Matsumoto JI, Doi M, Takenaka S. Improvement in salt-tolerance of Aspergillus oryzae γ-glutamyl transpeptidase via protein chimerization with Aspergillus sydowii homolog. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 167:110240. [PMID: 37084614 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase is one of the key enzymes involved in glutamate production during high-salt fermentation of soy sauce and miso by koji mold, Aspergillus oryzae. However, the activity of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase from A. oryzae (AOggtA) is markedly reduced in the presence of NaCl, thus classifying it as a non-salt-tolerant enzyme. In contrast, the homologous protein from the xerophilic mold, A. sydowii (ASggtA) maintains its activity under high-salt conditions. Therefore, in this study, a chimeric enzyme, ASAOggtA, was designed and engineered to improve salt-tolerance in AOggtA by swapping the N-terminal region, based on sequence and structure comparisons between salt-tolerant ASggtA and non-salt-tolerant AOggtA. The parental AOggtA and ASggtA and their chimera, ASAOggtA, were heterologously expressed in A. oryzae and purified. The chimeric enzyme inherited the superior activity and stability from each of the two parent enzymes. ASAOggtA showed > 2-fold greater tolerance than AOggtA in the presence of 18% NaCl. In addition, the chimera showed a broader range of pH stability and greater thermostability than ASggtA. AOggtA and ASAOggtA were sy over the range pH 3.0 to pH 10.5. Thermal stability was found to be in the order AOggtA (57.5 °C, t1/2 = 32.5 min) > ASAOggtA (55 °C, t1/2 = 20.5 min) > ASggtA (50 °C, t1/2 = 12.5 min). The catalytic and structural characteristics indicated that non-salt-tolerant AOggtA would not undergo irreversible structural changes in the presence of NaCl, but rather a temporary conformational change, which might result in reducing the substrate binding and catalytic activity, on the basis of kinetic properties. In addition, the chimeric enzyme showed hydrolytic activity toward L-glutamine that was as high as that of AOggtA. The newly-designed chimeric ASAOggtA might have potential applications in high-salt fermentation, such as miso and shoyu, to increase the content of the umami-flavor amino acid, L-glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Senba
- Division of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Ozeki Corp, Gen Res Lab, 4-9 Imazu, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 6638227, Japan
| | - Arisa Nishikawa
- Division of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kimura
- Division of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shinichi Tanaka
- Marutomo Co., Ltd, 1696 Kominato, Iyo, Ehime 799-3192, Japan
| | | | - Mikiharu Doi
- Marutomo Co., Ltd, 1696 Kominato, Iyo, Ehime 799-3192, Japan
| | - Shinji Takenaka
- Division of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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Lund BA, Brandsdal BO. ThermoSlope: A Software for Determining Thermodynamic Parameters from Single Steady-State Experiments. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237155. [PMID: 34885737 PMCID: PMC8658824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The determination of the temperature dependence of enzyme catalysis has traditionally been a labourious undertaking. We have developed a new approach to the classical Arrhenius parameter estimation by fitting the change in velocity under a gradual change in temperature. The evaluation with a simulated dataset shows that the approach is valid. The approach is demonstrated as a useful tool by characterizing the Bacillus pumilus LipA enzyme. Our results for the lipase show that the enzyme is psychrotolerant, with an activation energy of 15.3 kcal/mol for the chromogenic substrate para-nitrophenyl butyrate. Our results demonstrate that this can produce equivalent curves to the traditional approach while requiring significantly less sample, labour and time. Our method is further validated by characterizing three α-amylases from different species and habitats. The experiments with the α-amylases show that the approach works over a wide range of temperatures and clearly differentiates between psychrophilic, mesophilic and thermophilic enzymes. The methodology is released as an open-source implementation in Python, available online or used locally. This method of determining the activation parameters can make studies of the temperature dependence of enzyme catalysis more widely adapted to understand how enzymes have evolved to function in extreme environments. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters that are estimated serve as functional validations of the empirical valence bond calculations of enzyme catalysis.
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Kumari M, Padhi S, Sharma S, Phukon LC, Singh SP, Rai AK. Biotechnological potential of psychrophilic microorganisms as the source of cold-active enzymes in food processing applications. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:479. [PMID: 34790503 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms striving in extreme environments and exhibiting optimal growth and reproduction at low temperatures, otherwise known as psychrophilic microorganisms, are potential sources of cold-active enzymes. Owing to higher stability and cold activity, these enzymes are gaining enormous attention in numerous industrial bioprocesses. Applications of several cold-active enzymes have been established in the food industry, e.g., β-galactosidase, pectinase, proteases, amylases, xylanases, pullulanases, lipases, and β-mannanases. The enzyme engineering approaches and the accumulating knowledge of protein structure and function have made it possible to improve the catalytic properties of interest and express the candidate enzyme in a heterologous host for a higher level of enzyme production. This review compiles the relevant and recent information on the potential uses of different cold-active enzymes in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Kumari
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Sikkim, India
| | - Srichandan Padhi
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Sikkim, India
| | - Swati Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Sikkim, India
| | - Loreni Chiring Phukon
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Sikkim, India
| | - Sudhir P Singh
- Centre of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Mohali, India
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Sikkim, India
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Ding N, Zhao B, Ban X, Li C, Venkataram Prasad BV, Gu Z, Li Z. Carbohydrate-Binding Module and Linker Allow Cold Adaptation and Salt Tolerance of Maltopentaose-Forming Amylase From Marine Bacterium Saccharophagus degradans 2-40 T. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:708480. [PMID: 34335544 PMCID: PMC8317173 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.708480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine extremophiles produce cold-adapted and/or salt-tolerant enzymes to survive in harsh conditions. These enzymes are naturally evolved with unique structural features that confer a high level of flexibility, solubility and substrate-binding ability compared to mesophilic and thermostable homologs. Here, we identified and characterized an amylase, SdG5A, from the marine bacterium Saccharophagus degradans 2-40 T . We expressed the protein in Bacillus subtilis and found that the purified SdG5A enabled highly specific production of maltopentaose, an important health-promoting food and nutrition component. Notably, SdG5A exhibited outstanding cold adaptation and salt tolerance, retaining approximately 30 and 70% of its maximum activity at 4°C and in 3 M NaCl, respectively. It converted 68 and 83% of starch into maltooligosaccharides at 4 and 25°C, respectively, within 24 h, with 79% of the yield being the maltopentaose. By analyzing the structure of SdG5A, we found that the C-terminal carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) coupled with an extended linker, displayed a relatively high negative charge density and superior conformational flexibility compared to the whole protein and the catalytic domain. Consistent with our bioinformatics analysis, truncation of the linker-CBM region resulted in a significant loss in activities at low temperature and high salt concentration. This highlights the linker-CBM acting as the critical component for the protein to carry out its activity in biologically unfavorable condition. Together, our study indicated that these unique properties of SdG5A have great potential for both basic research and industrial applications in food, biology, and medical and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Boyang Zhao
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Ban
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Caiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - B. V. Venkataram Prasad
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- The Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhengbiao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Finore I, Vigneron A, Vincent WF, Leone L, Di Donato P, Schiano Moriello A, Nicolaus B, Poli A. Novel Psychrophiles and Exopolymers from Permafrost Thaw Lake Sediments. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091282. [PMID: 32842646 PMCID: PMC7563700 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermokarst lakes are one of the most abundant types of microbial ecosystems in the circumpolar North. These shallow basins are formed by the thawing and collapse of ice-rich permafrost, with subsequent filling by snow and ice melt. Until now, permafrost thaw lakes have received little attention for isolation of microorganisms by culture-based analysis. The discovery of novel psychrophiles and their biomolecules makes these extreme environments suitable sources for the isolation of new strains, including for potential biotechnological applications. In this study, samples of bottom sediments were collected from three permafrost thaw lakes in subarctic Québec, Canada. Their diverse microbial communities were characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis, and subsamples were cultured for the isolation of bacterial strains. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of the isolates revealed affinities to the genera Pseudomonas, Paenibacillus, Acinetobacter,Staphylococcus and Sphingomonas. The isolates were then evaluated for their production of extracellular enzymes and exopolymers. Enzymes of potential biotechnological interest included α and β-glucosidase, α and β-maltosidase, β-xylosidase and cellobiohydrolase. One isolate, Pseudomonas extremaustralis strain 2ASCA, also showed the capability to produce, in the loosely bound cell fraction, a levan-type polysaccharide with a yield of 613 mg/L of culture, suggesting its suitability as a candidate for eco-sustainable alternatives to commercial polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Finore
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche C.N.R., Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (P.D.D.); (A.S.M.); (B.N.)
| | - Adrien Vigneron
- Centre d’études nordiques (CEN) & Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.V.); (W.F.V.)
| | - Warwick F. Vincent
- Centre d’études nordiques (CEN) & Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.V.); (W.F.V.)
| | - Luigi Leone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche C.N.R., Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (P.D.D.); (A.S.M.); (B.N.)
| | - Paola Di Donato
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche C.N.R., Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (P.D.D.); (A.S.M.); (B.N.)
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Centro Direzionale, Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Aniello Schiano Moriello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche C.N.R., Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (P.D.D.); (A.S.M.); (B.N.)
| | - Barbara Nicolaus
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche C.N.R., Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (P.D.D.); (A.S.M.); (B.N.)
| | - Annarita Poli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche C.N.R., Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy; (I.F.); (L.L.); (P.D.D.); (A.S.M.); (B.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0818675311
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6
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Thaz CJ, Jayaraman G. Calcium ion induced thermodynamic stability, bisubstrate specificity, and differential organic solvent tolerance of a predominantly β-sheet serine protease from Bacillus aquimaris VITP4. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:955-961. [PMID: 31486109 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to get insights on the role of calcium ions on the thermodynamic stability, substrate specificity, and organic solvent compatibility of the extracellular protease produced by Bacillus aquimaris VITP4. Presence of Ca2+ enhanced the activity of the enzyme in the temperature range of 30-60 °C and increased the half-life from 164 to 234 Min. Circular dichroism experiments indicated that the temperature of half-denaturation (Tm ) of the protease increased from 76 to 86 °C. As judged by fluorescence emission profiles, the overall fold of the enzyme around the tryptophan residues could be similar. Further, thermal inactivation experiments revealed that the enzyme followed first order kinetics, with increase in energy for inactivation (Eai ) by 24.2 ± 1.2 kJ mol -1 in the presence of Ca2+ . Studies with synthetic peptides as well as with bovine serum albumin signified preferential hydrolysis of the peptide bonds at the C-terminus of alanine residues (with a kcat /KM of 141,400 M-1 Sec-1 ) and at the C-terminus of arginine residues with a lower specificity (72,400 M-1 Sec-1 ), indicating bisubstrate specificity of the enzyme. The enzyme was found to be compatible with organic solvents (50%, v/v) such as acetonitrile and butanol, indicating possible application under demanding nonaqueous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittoor Jabeena Thaz
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Gurunathan Jayaraman
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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7
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Castilla IA, Woods DF, Reen FJ, O'Gara F. Harnessing Marine Biocatalytic Reservoirs for Green Chemistry Applications through Metagenomic Technologies. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E227. [PMID: 29973493 PMCID: PMC6071119 DOI: 10.3390/md16070227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In a demanding commercial world, large-scale chemical processes have been widely utilised to satisfy consumer related needs. Chemical industries are key to promoting economic growth and meeting the requirements of a sustainable industrialised society. The market need for diverse commodities produced by the chemical industry is rapidly expanding globally. Accompanying this demand is an increased threat to the environment and to human health, due to waste produced by increased industrial production. This increased demand has underscored the necessity to increase reaction efficiencies, in order to reduce costs and increase profits. The discovery of novel biocatalysts is a key method aimed at combating these difficulties. Metagenomic technology, as a tool for uncovering novel biocatalysts, has great potential and applicability and has already delivered many successful achievements. In this review we discuss, recent developments and achievements in the field of biocatalysis. We highlight how green chemistry principles through the application of biocatalysis, can be successfully promoted and implemented in various industrial sectors. In addition, we demonstrate how two novel lipases/esterases were mined from the marine environment by metagenomic analysis. Collectively these improvements can result in increased efficiency, decreased energy consumption, reduced waste and cost savings for the chemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Abreu Castilla
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland.
| | - David F Woods
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland.
| | - F Jerry Reen
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland.
| | - Fergal O'Gara
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland.
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6008, Australia.
- Human Microbiome Programme, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
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Bakermans C. Adaptations to marine versus terrestrial low temperature environments as revealed by comparative genomic analyses of the genus Psychrobacter. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2018; 94:5032373. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Corien Bakermans
- Division of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Penn State Altoona, United States
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9
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Zhu B, Ni F, Sun Y, Yao Z. Expression and characterization of a new heat-stable endo-type alginate lyase from deep-sea bacterium Flammeovirga sp. NJ-04. Extremophiles 2017; 21:1027-1036. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-017-0962-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Microbial Diversity in Extreme Marine Habitats and Their Biomolecules. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5020025. [PMID: 28509857 PMCID: PMC5488096 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme marine environments have been the subject of many studies and scientific publications. For many years, these environmental niches, which are characterized by high or low temperatures, high-pressure, low pH, high salt concentrations and also two or more extreme parameters in combination, have been thought to be incompatible to any life forms. Thanks to new technologies such as metagenomics, it is now possible to detect life in most extreme environments. Starting from the discovery of deep sea hydrothermal vents up to the study of marine biodiversity, new microorganisms have been identified, and their potential uses in several applied fields have been outlined. Thermophile, halophile, alkalophile, psychrophile, piezophile and polyextremophile microorganisms have been isolated from these marine environments; they proliferate thanks to adaptation strategies involving diverse cellular metabolic mechanisms. Therefore, a vast number of new biomolecules such as enzymes, polymers and osmolytes from the inhabitant microbial community of the sea have been studied, and there is a growing interest in the potential returns of several industrial production processes concerning the pharmaceutical, medical, environmental and food fields.
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Molecular cloning and characterization of a halotolerant α-amylase from marine metagenomic library derived from Arabian Sea sediments. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:65. [PMID: 28452011 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional screening of a metagenomic library of marine sediment revealed an amylolytic clone BTM109. This report states the purification and characterization of a moderately halotolerant α-amylase, with more than 51% activity in 2.5 M NaCl. The molecular mass of purified protein was determined to be 55.7 kDa by MALDI-TOF MS. The optimum pH for enzyme activity was pH 7 and temperature for maximal activity was 40 °C. At 5 mM concentration, Ca2+ enhanced the enzyme activity indicating that the enzyme is a Ca2+ dependent α-amylase which was confirmed by the starch hydrolysis pattern using TLC. These physico-chemical properties support the suitability of this enzyme for various industrial applications.
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Kumar S, Grewal J, Sadaf A, Hemamalini R, K. Khare S. Halophiles as a source of polyextremophilic α-amylase for industrial applications. AIMS Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2016.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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Homaei A, Ghanbarzadeh M, Monsef F. Biochemical features and kinetic properties of α-amylases from marine organisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 83:306-14. [PMID: 26657843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Marine organisms have the ability of producing enzymes with unique properties compared to those of the same enzymes from terrestrial organisms. α-Amylases are among the most important extracellular enzymes found in various groups of organisms such as plants, animals and microorganisms. They play important roles in their carbohydrates metabolism of each organism. Microbial production of α-amylases is more effective than other sources of the enzyme. Many microorganisms are known to produce α-amylase including bacteria, yeasts, fungi and actinomycetes. However, enzymes from fungal and bacterial sources have dominated applications in industrial sectors. This review deals with what is known about the kinetics, biochemical properties and applications of these enzymes that have only been found in them and not in other α-amylases, and discussing their mechanistic and regulatory implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Mehri Ghanbarzadeh
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ferial Monsef
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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14
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Marine extremophiles: a source of hydrolases for biotechnological applications. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:1925-65. [PMID: 25854643 PMCID: PMC4413194 DOI: 10.3390/md13041925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment covers almost three quarters of the planet and is where evolution took its first steps. Extremophile microorganisms are found in several extreme marine environments, such as hydrothermal vents, hot springs, salty lakes and deep-sea floors. The ability of these microorganisms to support extremes of temperature, salinity and pressure demonstrates their great potential for biotechnological processes. Hydrolases including amylases, cellulases, peptidases and lipases from hyperthermophiles, psychrophiles, halophiles and piezophiles have been investigated for these reasons. Extremozymes are adapted to work in harsh physical-chemical conditions and their use in various industrial applications such as the biofuel, pharmaceutical, fine chemicals and food industries has increased. The understanding of the specific factors that confer the ability to withstand extreme habitats on such enzymes has become a priority for their biotechnological use. The most studied marine extremophiles are prokaryotes and in this review, we present the most studied archaea and bacteria extremophiles and their hydrolases, and discuss their use for industrial applications.
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15
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Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of a novel cold-adapted alpha-amylase with multiple extremozyme characteristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Wu G, Qin Y, Cheng Q, Liu Z. Characterization of a novel alkali-stable and salt-tolerant α-amylase from marine bacterium Zunongwangia profunda. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tchigvintsev A, Tran H, Popovic A, Kovacic F, Brown G, Flick R, Hajighasemi M, Egorova O, Somody JC, Tchigvintsev D, Khusnutdinova A, Chernikova TN, Golyshina OV, Yakimov MM, Savchenko A, Golyshin PN, Jaeger KE, Yakunin AF. The environment shapes microbial enzymes: five cold-active and salt-resistant carboxylesterases from marine metagenomes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:2165-78. [PMID: 25194841 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Most of the Earth's biosphere is cold and is populated by cold-adapted microorganisms. To explore the natural enzyme diversity of these environments and identify new carboxylesterases, we have screened three marine metagenome gene libraries for esterase activity. The screens identified 23 unique active clones, from which five highly active esterases were selected for biochemical characterization. The purified metagenomic esterases exhibited high activity against α-naphthyl and p-nitrophenyl esters with different chain lengths. All five esterases retained high activity at 5 °C indicating that they are cold-adapted enzymes. The activity of MGS0010 increased more than two times in the presence of up to 3.5 M NaCl or KCl, whereas the other four metagenomic esterases were inhibited to various degrees by these salts. The purified enzymes showed different sensitivities to inhibition by solvents and detergents, and the activities of MGS0010, MGS0105 and MGS0109 were stimulated three to five times by the addition of glycerol. Screening of purified esterases against 89 monoester substrates revealed broad substrate profiles with a preference for different esters. The metagenomic esterases also hydrolyzed several polyester substrates including polylactic acid suggesting that they can be used for polyester depolymerization. Thus, esterases from marine metagenomes are cold-adapted enzymes exhibiting broad biochemical diversity reflecting the environmental conditions where they evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Tchigvintsev
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
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18
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Qin Y, Huang Z, Liu Z. A novel cold-active and salt-tolerant α-amylase from marine bacterium Zunongwangia profunda: molecular cloning, heterologous expression and biochemical characterization. Extremophiles 2013; 18:271-81. [PMID: 24318109 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-013-0614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel gene (amyZ) encoding a cold-active and salt-tolerant α-amylase (AmyZ) was cloned from marine bacterium Zunongwangia profunda (MCCC 1A01486) and the protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene has a length of 1785 bp and encodes an α-amylase of 594 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 66 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 13 and shows the highest identity (25%) to the characterized α-amylase TVA II from thermoactinomyces vulgaris R-47. The recombinant α-amylase showed the maximum activity at 35 °C and pH 7.0, and retained about 39% activity at 0 °C. AmyZ displayed extreme salt tolerance, with the highest activity at 1.5 M NaCl and 93% activity even at 4 M NaCl. The catalytic efficiency (k cat/K m) of AmyZ increased from 115.51 (with 0 M NaCl) to 143.30 ml mg(-1) s(-1) (with 1.5 M NaCl) at 35 °C and pH 7.0, using soluble starch as substrate. Besides, the thermostability of the enzyme was significantly improved in the presence of 1.5 M NaCl or 1 mM CaCl2. AmyZ is one of the very few α-amylases that tolerate both high salinity and low temperatures, making it a potential candidate for research in basic and applied biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Dassarma S, Capes MD, Karan R, Dassarma P. Amino acid substitutions in cold-adapted proteins from Halorubrum lacusprofundi, an extremely halophilic microbe from antarctica. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58587. [PMID: 23536799 PMCID: PMC3594186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The halophilic Archaeon Halorubrum lacusprofundi, isolated from the perennially cold and hypersaline Deep Lake in Antarctica, was recently sequenced and compared to 12 Haloarchaea from temperate climates by comparative genomics. Amino acid substitutions for 604 H. lacusprofundi proteins belonging to conserved haloarchaeal orthologous groups (cHOGs) were determined and found to occur at 7.85% of positions invariant in proteins from mesophilic Haloarchaea. The following substitutions were observed most frequently: (a) glutamic acid with aspartic acid or alanine; (b) small polar residues with other small polar or non-polar amino acids; (c) small non-polar residues with other small non-polar residues; (d) aromatic residues, especially tryptophan, with other aromatic residues; and (e) some larger polar residues with other similar residues. Amino acid substitutions for a cold-active H. lacusprofundi β-galactosidase were then examined in the context of a homology modeled structure at residues invariant in homologous enzymes from mesophilic Haloarchaea. Similar substitutions were observed as in the genome-wide approach, with the surface accessible regions of β-galactosidase displaying reduced acidity and increased hydrophobicity, and internal regions displaying mainly subtle changes among smaller non-polar and polar residues. These findings are consistent with H. lacusprofundi proteins displaying amino acid substitutions that increase structural flexibility and protein function at low temperature. We discuss the likely mechanisms of protein adaptation to a cold, hypersaline environment on Earth, with possible relevance to life elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiladitya Dassarma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
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20
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Pica A, Russo Krauss I, Castellano I, La Cara F, Graziano G, Sica F, Merlino A. Effect of NaCl on the conformational stability of the thermophilic γ-glutamyltranspeptidase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans: Implication for globular protein halotolerance. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:149-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Albino A, Marco S, Di Maro A, Chambery A, Masullo M, De Vendittis E. Characterization of a cold-adapted glutathione synthetase from the psychrophile Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:2405-14. [PMID: 22777241 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25116g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis occurs through two ATP-dependent reactions, usually involving distinct enzymes; in the second step of this process, catalysed by glutathione synthetase (GshB), GSH is formed from γ-glutamylcysteine and glycine. A recombinant form of GshB from the cold-adapted source Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis (rPhGshB) was purified and characterised. The enzyme formed a disulfide adduct with β-mercaptoethanol, when purified in the presence of this reducing agent. The homotetrameric form of rPhGshB observed at high protein concentration disassembled into two homodimers at low concentration. A new method for directly determining the rPhGshB activity was developed, based on [γ-(32)P]ATP hydrolysis coupled to the GSH synthesis. The ATPase activity required the presence of both γ-glutamylcysteine and glycine and its optimum was reached in the 7.4-8.6 pH range; a divalent cation was absolutely required for the activity, whereas monovalent cations were dispensable. rPhGshB was active at low temperatures and had a similar affinity for ATP (K(m) 0.26 mM) and γ-glutamylcysteine (K(m) 0.25 mM); a lower affinity was measured for glycine (K(m) 0.75 mM). The oxidised form of glutathione (GSSG) acted as an irreversible inhibitor of rPhGshB (K(i) 10.7 mM) and formed disulfide adducts with the enzyme. rPhGshB displayed a great temperature-dependent increase in its activity with an unusually high value of energy of activation (75 kJ mol(-1)) for a psychrophilic enzyme. The enzyme was moderately thermostable, its half inactivation temperature being 50.5 °C after 10 min exposure. The energy of activation of the heat inactivation process was 208 kJ mol(-1). To our knowledge, this is the first contribution to the characterization of a GshB from cold-adapted sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Albino
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Falasca P, Evangelista G, Cotugno R, Marco S, Masullo M, De Vendittis E, Raimo G. Properties of the endogenous components of the thioredoxin system in the psychrophilic eubacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC 125. Extremophiles 2012; 16:539-52. [PMID: 22527046 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous components of the thioredoxin system in the Antarctic eubacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis have been purified and characterised. The temperature dependence of the activities sustained by thioredoxin (PhTrx) and thioredoxin reductase (PhTrxR) pointed to their adaptation in the cold growth environment. PhTrxR was purified as a flavoenzyme and its activity was significantly enhanced in the presence of molar concentration of monovalent cations. The energetics of the partial reactions leading to the whole electron transfer from NADPH to the target protein substrate in the reconstituted thioredoxin system was also investigated. While the initial electron transfer from NADPH to PhTrxR was energetically favoured, the final passage to the heterologous protein substrate enhanced the energetic barrier of the whole process. The energy of activation of the heat inactivation process essentially reflected the psychrophilic origin of PhTrxR. Vice versa, PhTrx possessed an exceptional heat resistance (half-life, 4.4 h at 95 °C), ranking this protein among the most thermostable enzymes reported so far in psychrophiles. PhTrxR was covalently modified by glutathione, mainly by its oxidised or nitrosylated forms. A mutagenic analysis realised on three non catalytic cysteines of the flavoenzyme allowed the identification of C(303) as the target for the S-glutathionylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Falasca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie dell'Ambiente e del Territorio, Università del Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090, Pesche, IS, Italy
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Karan R, Capes MD, DasSarma S. Function and biotechnology of extremophilic enzymes in low water activity. AQUATIC BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:4. [PMID: 22480329 PMCID: PMC3310334 DOI: 10.1186/2046-9063-8-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes from extremophilic microorganisms usually catalyze chemical reactions in non-standard conditions. Such conditions promote aggregation, precipitation, and denaturation, reducing the activity of most non-extremophilic enzymes, frequently due to the absence of sufficient hydration. Some extremophilic enzymes maintain a tight hydration shell and remain active in solution even when liquid water is limiting, e.g. in the presence of high ionic concentrations, or at cold temperature when water is close to the freezing point. Extremophilic enzymes are able to compete for hydration via alterations especially to their surface through greater surface charges and increased molecular motion. These properties have enabled some extremophilic enzymes to function in the presence of non-aqueous organic solvents, with potential for design of useful catalysts. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of extremophilic enzymes functioning in high salinity and cold temperatures, focusing on their strategy for function at low water activity. We discuss how the understanding of extremophilic enzyme function is leading to the design of a new generation of enzyme catalysts and their applications to biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Karan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University System of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melinda D Capes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University System of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shiladitya DasSarma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University System of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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24
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Cavicchioli R, Charlton T, Ertan H, Mohd Omar S, Siddiqui KS, Williams TJ. Biotechnological uses of enzymes from psychrophiles. Microb Biotechnol 2011; 4:449-60. [PMID: 21733127 PMCID: PMC3815257 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The bulk of the Earth's biosphere is cold (e.g. 90% of the ocean's waters are ≤ 5°C), sustaining a broad diversity of microbial life. The permanently cold environments vary from the deep ocean to alpine reaches and to polar regions. Commensurate with the extent and diversity of the ecosystems that harbour psychrophilic life, the functional capacity of the microorganisms that inhabitat the cold biosphere are equally diverse. As a result, indigenous psychrophilic microorganisms provide an enormous natural resource of enzymes that function effectively in the cold, and these cold‐adapted enzymes have been targeted for their biotechnological potential. In this review we describe the main properties of enzymes from psychrophiles and describe some of their known biotechnological applications and ways to potentially improve their value for biotechnology. The review also covers the use of metagenomics for enzyme screening, the development of psychrophilic gene expression systems and the use of enzymes for cleaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cavicchioli
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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25
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Wilmes B, Kock H, Glagla S, Albrecht D, Voigt B, Markert S, Gardebrecht A, Bode R, Danchin A, Feller G, Hecker M, Schweder T. Cytoplasmic and periplasmic proteomic signatures of exponentially growing cells of the psychrophilic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:1276-83. [PMID: 21183643 PMCID: PMC3067249 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01750-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The psychrophilic model bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis is characterized by remarkably fast growth rates under low-temperature conditions in a range from 5°C to 20°C. In this study the proteome of cellular compartments, the cytoplasm and periplasm, of P. haloplanktis strain TAC125 was analyzed under exponential growth conditions at a permissive temperature of 16°C. By means of two-dimensional protein gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, a first inventory of the most abundant cytoplasmic and periplasmic proteins expressed in a peptone-supplemented minimal medium was established. By this approach major enzymes of the amino acid catabolism of this marine bacterium could be functionally deduced. The cytoplasmic proteome showed a predominance of amino acid degradation pathways and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes but also the protein synthesis machinery. Furthermore, high levels of cold acclimation and oxidative stress proteins could be detected at this moderate growth temperature. The periplasmic proteome was characterized by a significant abundance of transporters, especially of highly expressed putative TonB-dependent receptors. This high capacity for protein synthesis, efficient amino acid utilization, and substrate transport may contribute to the fast growth rates of the copiotrophic bacterium P. haloplanktis in its natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Wilmes
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, W. Rathenau Str. 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Medical Faculty, Fleischmannstr. 8, 17475 Greifswald, Germany, University of Erlangen, Department of Microbiology, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, F. Hausdorff Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, AMAbiotics, Genopole 1, 91030 Evry Cedex, France, University of Liège, Centre for Protein Engineering B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Holger Kock
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, W. Rathenau Str. 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Medical Faculty, Fleischmannstr. 8, 17475 Greifswald, Germany, University of Erlangen, Department of Microbiology, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, F. Hausdorff Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, AMAbiotics, Genopole 1, 91030 Evry Cedex, France, University of Liège, Centre for Protein Engineering B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Susanne Glagla
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, W. Rathenau Str. 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Medical Faculty, Fleischmannstr. 8, 17475 Greifswald, Germany, University of Erlangen, Department of Microbiology, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, F. Hausdorff Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, AMAbiotics, Genopole 1, 91030 Evry Cedex, France, University of Liège, Centre for Protein Engineering B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Dirk Albrecht
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, W. Rathenau Str. 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Medical Faculty, Fleischmannstr. 8, 17475 Greifswald, Germany, University of Erlangen, Department of Microbiology, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, F. Hausdorff Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, AMAbiotics, Genopole 1, 91030 Evry Cedex, France, University of Liège, Centre for Protein Engineering B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Birgit Voigt
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, W. Rathenau Str. 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Medical Faculty, Fleischmannstr. 8, 17475 Greifswald, Germany, University of Erlangen, Department of Microbiology, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, F. Hausdorff Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, AMAbiotics, Genopole 1, 91030 Evry Cedex, France, University of Liège, Centre for Protein Engineering B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Markert
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, W. Rathenau Str. 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Medical Faculty, Fleischmannstr. 8, 17475 Greifswald, Germany, University of Erlangen, Department of Microbiology, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, F. Hausdorff Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, AMAbiotics, Genopole 1, 91030 Evry Cedex, France, University of Liège, Centre for Protein Engineering B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Antje Gardebrecht
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, W. Rathenau Str. 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Medical Faculty, Fleischmannstr. 8, 17475 Greifswald, Germany, University of Erlangen, Department of Microbiology, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, F. Hausdorff Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, AMAbiotics, Genopole 1, 91030 Evry Cedex, France, University of Liège, Centre for Protein Engineering B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Rüdiger Bode
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, W. Rathenau Str. 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Medical Faculty, Fleischmannstr. 8, 17475 Greifswald, Germany, University of Erlangen, Department of Microbiology, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, F. Hausdorff Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, AMAbiotics, Genopole 1, 91030 Evry Cedex, France, University of Liège, Centre for Protein Engineering B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Antoine Danchin
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, W. Rathenau Str. 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Medical Faculty, Fleischmannstr. 8, 17475 Greifswald, Germany, University of Erlangen, Department of Microbiology, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, F. Hausdorff Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, AMAbiotics, Genopole 1, 91030 Evry Cedex, France, University of Liège, Centre for Protein Engineering B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Georges Feller
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, W. Rathenau Str. 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Medical Faculty, Fleischmannstr. 8, 17475 Greifswald, Germany, University of Erlangen, Department of Microbiology, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, F. Hausdorff Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, AMAbiotics, Genopole 1, 91030 Evry Cedex, France, University of Liège, Centre for Protein Engineering B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Michael Hecker
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, W. Rathenau Str. 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Medical Faculty, Fleischmannstr. 8, 17475 Greifswald, Germany, University of Erlangen, Department of Microbiology, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, F. Hausdorff Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, AMAbiotics, Genopole 1, 91030 Evry Cedex, France, University of Liège, Centre for Protein Engineering B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, W. Rathenau Str. 49a, 17489 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Medical Faculty, Fleischmannstr. 8, 17475 Greifswald, Germany, University of Erlangen, Department of Microbiology, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, F.-L. Jahn Str. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, F. Hausdorff Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany, AMAbiotics, Genopole 1, 91030 Evry Cedex, France, University of Liège, Centre for Protein Engineering B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Salt-dependent thermo-reversible α-amylase: cloning and characterization of halophilic α-amylase from moderately halophilic bacterium, Kocuria varians. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:673-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Isolation of a novel cold-adapted amylase-producing bacterium and study of its enzyme production conditions. ANN MICROBIOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-010-0090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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28
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Yu Y, Li H, Zeng Y, Chen B. Extracellular enzymes of cold-adapted bacteria from Arctic sea ice, Canada Basin. Polar Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-009-0654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kiran KK, Chandra TS. Production of surfactant and detergent-stable, halophilic, and alkalitolerant alpha-amylase by a moderately halophilic Bacillus sp. Strain TSCVKK. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 77:1023-31. [PMID: 17999060 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2007] [Revised: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A moderately halophilic alkalitolerant Bacillus sp. Strain TSCVKK, with an ability to produce extracellular halophilic, alkalitolerant, surfactant, and detergent-stable alpha-amylase was isolated from soil samples obtained from a salt-manufacturing industry in Chennai. The culture conditions for higher amylase production were optimized with respect to NaCl, substrate, pH, and temperature. Maximum amylase production of 592 mU/ml was achieved in the medium at 48 h with 10% NaCl, 1% dextrin, 0.4% yeast extract, 0.2% tryptone, and 0.2% CaCl(2) at pH 8.0 at 30 degrees C. The enzyme activity in the culture supernatant was highest with 10% NaCl at pH 7.5 and 55 degrees C. The amylase that was partially purified by acetone precipitation was highly stable in various surfactants and detergents. Glucose, maltose, and maltooligosaccharides were the main end products of starch hydrolysis indicating that it is an alpha-amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondepudi Kanthi Kiran
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
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