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Mirabel A, Girardin MP, Metsaranta J, Way D, Reich PB. Increasing atmospheric dryness reduces boreal forest tree growth. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6901. [PMID: 37903759 PMCID: PMC10616230 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rising atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) associated with climate change affects boreal forest growth via stomatal closure and soil dryness. However, the relationship between VPD and forest growth depends on the climatic context. Here we assess Canadian boreal forest responses to VPD changes from 1951-2018 using a well-replicated tree-growth increment network with approximately 5,000 species-site combinations. Of the 3,559 successful growth models, we observed a relationship between growth and concurrent summer VPD in one-third of the species-site combinations, and between growth and prior summer VPD in almost half of those combinations. The relationship between previous year VPD and current year growth was almost exclusively negative, while current year VPD also tended to reduce growth. Tree species, age, annual temperature, and soil moisture primarily determined tree VPD responses. Younger trees and species like white spruce and Douglas fir exhibited higher VPD sensitivity, as did areas with high annual temperature and low soil moisture. Since 1951, summer VPD increases in Canada have paralleled tree growth decreases, particularly in spruce species. Accelerating atmospheric dryness in the decades ahead will impair carbon storage and societal-economic services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Mirabel
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- UMR DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), Institut Agro, IFREMER, INRAE, Rennes, France.
| | - Martin P Girardin
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Juha Metsaranta
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Danielle Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
- Institute for Global Change Biology, and School for the Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Lin W, He Y, Li R, Mu C, Wang C, Shi C, Ye Y. Adaptive changes of swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) associated bacteria helping host against dibutyl phthalate toxification. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121328. [PMID: 36828355 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in aquatic environments is becoming an extensive environmental problem and detrimental to aquatic animals. Here, we quantified the response pattern of the bacterial community and metabolites of swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) juveniles exposed to 0.2, 2, and 10 mg/L DBP using 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing coupled with metabolomic technique. The results showed that DBP changed the bacterial community compositions in a concentration-dependent pattern and decreased the Shannon index at the second developmental stage of the swimming crabs. The Rhodobacteraceae taxa were specifically enriched by crabs when challenged by 2 and 10 mg/L DBP, with an increased in Shannon index and enhanced drift in its assembly. Moreover, DBP changed the metabolic profiling of the swimming crab, highlighted by increased levels of lactate, valine, methionine, lysine, and phenylalanine in the 10 mg/L DBP-exposed crabs. Rhodobacteraceae presented the most considerable contribution to the metabolic potentials in phthalate and benzoate degradation, lactate production, and amino acid biosynthesis. Overall, our results indicated an adaptive change of crab-associated bacteria helped the host resist DBP stress. The findings extend our insights into the relationship between the microbiota and its host metabolism under DBP stress and reveal the potential microbiota modalities for DBP detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Yimin He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Changkao Mu
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Ce Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-construction By Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, China
| | - Yangfang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
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Yuan S, Zhang HT, Li X, Yue XX, Fu HP, Wu XD. The effect of grazing and reclamation on rodent community stability in the Alxa desert. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1105297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecosystem stability has been of increasing interest in the past several decades as it helps predict the consequences of anthropogenic disturbances on ecosystems. A wild rodent community under reclamation and different grazing disturbances in the Alxa Desert was investigated using live trapping from 2006 to 2011. We studied the rodent community composition, community diversity, and variability of different life history strategies. These results showed that reclamation reduced rodent community stability by increasing temporal variability of community, reducing rodent community resistance as shown by decreasing dominance of KSS strategists, and increased the resistance variability of the rodent community by increasing the variability of abundance and richness for KSS strategists. Grazing reduced rodent community resilience by reducing the dominance of rRF strategists, and increased the resilience variability of the rodent community by increasing the variability of abundance and richness for rRF strategists. Those results may answer the three ecological questions about how ecosystems respond to disturbances from a diversity perspective. The ecosystems with intermediate disturbance are more stable, in other words, with higher resistance and resilience. The increase of KSS strategists means the increase of resistance of the community. The increase of rRF strategists means the increase of community resilience.
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Cortés-Molino Á, Linares JC, Viñegla B, Lechuga V, Salvo-Tierra AE, Flores-Moya A, Fernández-Luque I, Carreira JA. Unexpected resilience in relict Abies pinsapo Boiss forests to dieback and mortality induced by climate change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:991720. [PMID: 36618643 PMCID: PMC9822712 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.991720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Acute and early symptoms of forest dieback linked to climate warming and drought episodes have been reported for relict Abies pinsapo Boiss. fir forests from Southern Spain, particularly at their lower ecotone. Satellite, orthoimages, and field data were used to assess forest decline, tree mortality, and gap formation and recolonization in the lower half of the altitudinal range of A. pinsapo forests (850-1550 m) for the last 36 years (1985-2020). Field surveys were carried out in 2003 and in 2020 to characterize changes in stand canopy structure and mortality rates across the altitudinal range. Time series of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at the end of the dry season (derived from Landsat 5 and 7 imagery) were used for a Dynamic Factor Analysis to detect common trends across altitudinal bands and topographic solar incidence gradients (SI). Historical canopy cover changes were analyzed through aerial orthoimages classification. Here we show that extensive decline and mortality contrast to the almost steady alive basal area for 17 years, as well as the rising photosynthetic activity derived from NDVI since the mid-2000s and an increase in the forest canopy cover in the late years at mid and high altitudes. We hypothesized that these results suggest an unexpected resilience in A. pinsapo forests to climate change-induced dieback, that might be promoted by compensation mechanisms such as (i) recruitment of new A. pinsapo individuals; (ii) facilitative effects on such recruitment mediated by revegetation with other species; and (iii) a 'release effect' in which surviving trees can thrive with fewer resource competition. Future research is needed to understand these compensation mechanisms and their scope in future climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Cortés-Molino
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ciencias de la Tierra, Energía y Medio Ambiente (CEACTEMA), Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Linares
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad de Pablo Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Benjamín Viñegla
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ciencias de la Tierra, Energía y Medio Ambiente (CEACTEMA), Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Víctor Lechuga
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ciencias de la Tierra, Energía y Medio Ambiente (CEACTEMA), Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Flores-Moya
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Jose A. Carreira
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ciencias de la Tierra, Energía y Medio Ambiente (CEACTEMA), Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Mirabel A, Girardin MP, Metsaranta J, Campbell EM, Arsenault A, Reich PB, Way D. New tree-ring data from Canadian boreal and hemi-boreal forests provide insight for improving the climate sensitivity of terrestrial biosphere models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158062. [PMID: 35981579 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding boreal/hemi-boreal forest growth sensitivity to seasonal variations in temperature and water availability provides important basis for projecting the potential impacts of climate change on the productivity of these ecosystems. Our best available information currently comes from a limited number of field experiments and terrestrial biosphere model (TBM) simulations of varying predictive accuracy. Here, we assessed the sensitivity of annual boreal/hemi-boreal forest growth in Canada to yearly fluctuations in seasonal climate variables using a large tree-ring dataset and compared this to the climate sensitivity of annual net primary productivity (NPP) estimates obtained from fourteen TBMs. We found that boreal/hemi-boreal forest growth sensitivity to fluctuations in seasonal temperature and precipitation variables changed along a southwestern to northeastern gradient, with growth limited almost entirely by temperature in the northeast and west and by water availability in the southwest. We also found a lag in growth climate sensitivity, with growth largely determined by the climate during the summer prior to ring formation. Analyses of NPP sensitivity to the same climate variables produced a similar southwest to northeast gradient in growth climate sensitivity for NPP estimates from all but three TBMs. However, analyses of growth from tree-ring data and analyses of NPP from TBMs produced contrasting evidence concerning the key climate variables limiting growth. While analyses of NPP primarily indicated a positive relationship between growth and seasonal temperature, tree-ring analyses indicated negative growth relationships to temperature. Also, the positive effect of precipitation on NPP derived from most TBMs was weaker than the positive effect of precipitation on tree-ring based growth: temperature had a more important limiting effect on NPP than tree-ring data indicated. These mismatches regarding the key climate variables limiting growth suggested that characterization of tree growth in TBMs might need revision, particularly regarding the effects of stomatal conductance and carbohydrate reserve dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mirabel
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - M P Girardin
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - J Metsaranta
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - E M Campbell
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - A Arsenault
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Centre, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - P B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia; Institute for Global Change Biology, School for the Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - D Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
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Xing J, Chen M, Deng X, Chen J, Jiang P, Qin H. Resilience of soil microbial metabolic functions to temporary E. coli invasion. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135906. [PMID: 35944672 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the globalization and increasing human activities, there is a significant increase in bacterial invasions to the soil ecosystems. Soil resident communities are vulnerable to bacterial invasion and suffered legacy effects after unsuccessful invasion. However, whether such changes in the soil ecosystems are permanent or temporary remains unclear. Here, we investigated the functional resilience of soil ecosystems to bacterial invasion and intensive managements. We used Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli) as model strain examined the soil microbial metabolic functions, including enzyme activities, nitrogen and carbon use efficiency, community niche, and carbon metabolic potential, as well as soil physicochemical properties and microbial invader survival in 8 soil samples, 4 from natural hardwood forests and 4 from intensively managed Moso bamboo forests. The results showed that soil ecosystems were not resistant to E. coli invasion regardless of the intensity of management, which the finding was significantly reflected in the nutrient-acquiring activities or carbon utilization, or both. Besides, the invasion legacy effect (the effect after invader apoptosis) was positively related to E. coli survival time. However, most of the metabolic functions could recover almost to the initial state after 135 days of incubation, suggesting a strong recovery capacity of the soil ecosystems. These data indicate that E. coli invasion has a legacy effect on the functions of soil resident communities. However, soil ecosystems are highly resilient even under intensive human management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xuhui Deng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Peikun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Hua Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Mina M, Messier C, Duveneck MJ, Fortin M, Aquilué N. Managing for the unexpected: Building resilient forest landscapes to cope with global change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4323-4341. [PMID: 35429213 PMCID: PMC9541346 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural disturbances exacerbated by novel climate regimes are increasing worldwide, threatening the ability of forest ecosystems to mitigate global warming through carbon sequestration and to provide other key ecosystem services. One way to cope with unknown disturbance events is to promote the ecological resilience of the forest by increasing both functional trait and structural diversity and by fostering functional connectivity of the landscape to ensure a rapid and efficient self-reorganization of the system. We investigated how expected and unexpected variations in climate and biotic disturbances affect ecological resilience and carbon storage in a forested region in southeastern Canada. Using a process-based forest landscape model (LANDIS-II), we simulated ecosystem responses to climate change and insect outbreaks under different forest policy scenarios-including a novel approach based on functional diversification and network analysis-and tested how the potentially most damaging insect pests interact with changes in forest composition and structure due to changing climate and management. We found that climate warming, lengthening the vegetation season, will increase forest productivity and carbon storage, but unexpected impacts of drought and insect outbreaks will drastically reduce such variables. Generalist, non-native insects feeding on hardwood are the most damaging biotic agents for our region, and their monitoring and early detection should be a priority for forest authorities. Higher forest diversity driven by climate-smart management and fostered by climate change that promotes warm-adapted species, might increase disturbance severity. However, alternative forest policy scenarios led to a higher functional and structural diversity as well as functional connectivity-and thus to higher ecological resilience-than conventional management. Our results demonstrate that adopting a landscape-scale perspective by planning interventions strategically in space and adopting a functional trait approach to diversify forests is promising for enhancing ecological resilience under unexpected global change stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mina
- Centre for Forest ResearchUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalQCCanada
- Institute for Alpine EnvironmentEurac ResearchBozen/BolzanoItaly
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre for Forest ResearchUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalQCCanada
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt TempéréeUniversité du Québec en OutaouaisRiponQCCanada
| | - Matthew J. Duveneck
- Harvard ForestHarvard UniversityPetershamMassachusettsUSA
- Liberal Arts DepartmentNew England ConservatoryBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Marie‐Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Núria Aquilué
- Centre for Forest ResearchUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalQCCanada
- Forest Sciences and Technology Centre of Catalonia CTFCSolsonaSpain
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Chagnon C, Bouchard M, Pothier D. Impacts of spruce budworm defoliation on the habitat of woodland caribou, moose, and their main predators. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8695. [PMID: 35342555 PMCID: PMC8932078 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Forest logging has contributed to the decline of several woodland caribou populations by causing the fragmentation of mature coniferous stands. Such habitat alterations could be worsened by spruce budworm (SBW) outbreaks. Using 6201 vegetation plots from provincial inventories conducted after the last SBW outbreak (1968-1992) in boreal forests of Québec (Canada), we investigated the influence of SBW-caused tree defoliation and mortality on understory vegetation layers relevant to woodland caribou and its main predators. We found a positive association between severe outbreaks and the cover of most groups of understory plant species, especially in stands that were dominated by balsam fir before the outbreak, where a high canopy openness particularly benefited relatively fast-growing deciduous plants. Such increases in early successional vegetation could provide high-quality forage for moose, which is likely to promote higher wolf densities and increase predation pressure on caribou. SBW outbreaks may thus negatively affect woodland caribou by increasing predation risk, the main factor limiting caribou populations in managed forests. For the near future, we recommend updating the criteria used to define critical caribou habitat to consider the potential impacts of spruce budworm defoliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Chagnon
- Département des sciences du bois et de la forêtCentre d’étude de la forêtUniversité LavalQuébecQuebecCanada
| | - Mathieu Bouchard
- Département des sciences du bois et de la forêtCentre d’étude de la forêtUniversité LavalQuébecQuebecCanada
| | - David Pothier
- Département des sciences du bois et de la forêtCentre d’étude de la forêtUniversité LavalQuébecQuebecCanada
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Marini L, Ayres MP, Jactel H. Impact of Stand and Landscape Management on Forest Pest Damage. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 67:181-199. [PMID: 34606366 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-062321-065511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
One promising approach to mitigate the negative impacts of insect pests in forests is to adapt forestry practices to create ecosystems that are more resistant and resilient to biotic disturbances. At the stand scale, local stand management practices often cause idiosyncratic effects on forest pests depending on the environmental context and the focal pest species. However, increasing tree diversity appears to be a general strategy for reducing pest damage across several forest types. At the landscape scale, increasing forest heterogeneity (e.g., intermixing different forest types and/or age classes) represents a promising frontier for improving forest resistance and resilience and for avoiding large-scale outbreaks. In addition to their greater resilience, heterogeneous forest landscapes frequently support a wide range of ecosystem functions and services. A challenge will be to develop cooperation and coordination among multiple actors at spatial scales that transcend historical practices in forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Marini
- DAFNAE, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy;
| | - Matthew P Ayres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Hervé Jactel
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France
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Sánchez-Pinillos M, D'Orangeville L, Boulanger Y, Comeau P, Wang J, Taylor AR, Kneeshaw D. Sequential droughts: A silent trigger of boreal forest mortality. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:542-556. [PMID: 34606657 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite great concern for drought-driven forest mortality, the effects of frequent low-intensity droughts have been largely overlooked in the boreal forest because of their negligible impacts over the short term. In this study, we used data from 6876 permanent plots distributed across most of the Canadian boreal zone to assess the effects of repeated low-intensity droughts on forest mortality. Specifically, we compared the relative impact of sequential years under low-intensity dry conditions with the effects of variables related to the intensity of dry conditions, stand characteristics, and local climate. Then, we searched for thresholds in forest mortality as a function of the number of years between two forest surveys affected by dry conditions of any intensity. Our results showed that, in general, frequent low-intensity dry conditions had stronger effects on forest mortality than the intensity of the driest conditions in the plot. Frequent low-intensity dry conditions acted as an inciting factor of forest mortality exacerbated by stand characteristics and environmental conditions. Overall, the mortality of forests dominated by shade-tolerant conifers was significantly and positively related to frequent low-intensity dry conditions, supporting, in some cases, the existence of thresholds delimiting contrasting responses to drought. In mixtures with broadleaf species, however, sequential dry conditions had a negligible impact. The effects of frequent dry conditions on shade-intolerant forests mainly depended on local climate, inciting or mitigating the mortality of forests located in wet places and dominated by broadleaf species or jack pine, respectively. Our results highlight the importance of assessing not only climate-driven extreme events but also repeated disturbances of low intensity. In the long term, the smooth response of forests to dry conditions might abruptly change leading to disproportional mortality triggered by accumulated stress conditions. Forest and wildlife managers should consider the cumulative effects of climate change on mortality to avoid shortfalls in timber and habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sánchez-Pinillos
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Loïc D'Orangeville
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Yan Boulanger
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Phil Comeau
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jiejie Wang
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Anthony R Taylor
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Centre, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Sturbois A, De Cáceres M, Sánchez-Pinillos M, Schaal G, Gauthier O, Mao PL, Ponsero A, Desroy N. Extending community trajectory analysis: New metrics and representation. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Song YY, Liu JW, Li LK, Liu MQ, Chen XY, Chen FJ. Evaluating the effects of transgenic Bt rice cultivation on soil stability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:17412-17419. [PMID: 32207024 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Insecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins produced by genetically modified rice that enter the soil via pollen dispersal, plant residues, and root exudation may disturb soil health. In the present study, we assessed the influences of transgenic Bt rice (i.e., HH1 with Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac) cultivation on the dynamics of soil carbon and nutrients under field conditions during 2013-2016. Transgenic treatments (transgenic Bt rice vs. its parental line (i.e., MH63) of non-Bt rice) have no consistently significant effects on soil property, including available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, while apparent seasonal changes were observed. Besides, the variations of soil nutrients in the paddy field of transgenic Bt rice did not exceed their resistance capacities, except total organic carbon (TOC; RS (resistance) = 1.51) and total potassium (TK; RS = 2.62) in 2013 and TK (RS = 1.94) in 2014. However, the TOC and soil nutrient of TK in the paddy field of transgenic Bt rice have recovered to the pre-perturbation status after harvest (RL (resilience) = 1.01, F = 0.01, P = 0.91; RL = 0.98, F = 0.34, P = 0.58; RL = 0.99, F = 1.26, P = 0.29). Moreover, the paddy yield of transgenic Bt rice was consistently higher than that of its parental line of non-Bt rice. These results suggested that the cultivation of transgenic Bt rice has no adverse impact on soil stability in terms of soil carbon and nutrients and paddy yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Song
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wen Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Kun Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Qiang Liu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yun Chen
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Fa-Jun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Sánchez-Pinillos M, De Cáceres M, Ameztegui A, Coll L. Temporal dimension of forest vulnerability to fire along successional trajectories. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 248:109301. [PMID: 31362169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding ecosystem vulnerability is essential in risk management to anticipate disasters. While valuable efforts have been made to characterize vulnerability components (exposure, sensitivity, and response capacity) at particular ecosystem stages, there is still a lack of context-specific studies accounting for the temporal dimension of vulnerability. In this study, we developed a procedure to identify the main natural dynamics of monospecific and mixed forests and to assess the variations of sensitivity and response capacity to fire along successional dynamics. In the procedure, we generated forest chronosequences by summarizing the dynamics between consecutive surveys of permanent plots into a set of longer successional trajectories represented in a multidimensional space. Then, we calculated several variables of sensitivity and response capacity to fire of forest stages associated with each trajectory and we assessed their variation along succession. The procedure was applied to Mediterranean forests in Spain dominated by a pine species poorly adapted to severe crown fires. We found that forest vulnerability components varied differently among successional trajectories, which depended on the composition and structure of their initial stages and the environmental context in which they occurred. Autosuccessional dynamics of pine forests showed relatively low sensitivity to fire along trajectories. However, their response capacity was related to the changes in shrub cover. In contrast, diversifying dynamics showed an increasing sensitivity to fire, but also a higher response capacity the greater the functional diversity along succession. These results highlight the need for considering the temporal dimension of vulnerability in risk management and the importance of assessing sensitivity and response capacity as independent components of vulnerability that can be modified through management at critical forest stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miquel De Cáceres
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Solsona E, 25280, Spain; Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès E, 08193, Spain
| | - Aitor Ameztegui
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Solsona E, 25280, Spain; Department of Agriculture and Forest Engineering (EAGROF), University of Lleida, Lleida E, 25198, Spain
| | - Lluís Coll
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Solsona E, 25280, Spain; Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès E, 08193, Spain; Department of Agriculture and Forest Engineering (EAGROF), University of Lleida, Lleida E, 25198, Spain
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