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Markgraf R, Doyon F, Delagrange S, Kneeshaw D. Biomass allocation and plant morphology explain the difference in shrub species abundance in a temperate forest. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10774. [PMID: 38053791 PMCID: PMC10694385 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In forested ecosystems, shrubs must succeed in persisting in low-light environments, while simultaneously having the ability to rapidly expand and occupy newly created canopy openings, yet little is known about the traits that make this possible. We hypothesize that shrub species that are abundant in the understory exhibit a specific set of functional traits that define their ability to persist during unfavorable periods and to rapidly exploit newly created habitats. We tested this by comparing field-measured functional traits such as biomass allocation, leaf display, crown morphology, and leaf traits, across individual size classes and two gap-forest environments of five shrub species. We observed significant differences in traits between species, size classes, and gap-forest environments. These differences were primarily related to biomass allocation traits, followed by leaf display, crown morphology, and leaf traits. Abundant shrubs like mountain maple (Acer spicatum) and hazelnut (Corylus cornuta) invested significantly more biomass in roots, had a larger total leaf area, and displayed leaves in a more efficient manner to intercept light. The high investment in root biomass can be interpreted as shrubs exploiting the persistence and colonization strategy through resprouting. Permanent sub-canopy status likely explains the importance of efficient leaf display, wherein abundant shrubs had a large leaf area with minimal support structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudiger Markgraf
- Département des sciences biologiquesUniversité du Québec à Montréal, UQAMMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Frédérik Doyon
- Département des Sciences NaturellesUniversité du Québec en Outaouais, UQOGatineauQuebecCanada
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée, ISFORTRiponQuebecCanada
| | - Sylvain Delagrange
- Département des Sciences NaturellesUniversité du Québec en Outaouais, UQOGatineauQuebecCanada
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée, ISFORTRiponQuebecCanada
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Département des sciences biologiquesUniversité du Québec à Montréal, UQAMMontréalQuebecCanada
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2
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Liu Q, Peng C, Schneider R, Cyr D, Liu Z, Zhou X, Du M, Li P, Jiang Z, McDowell NG, Kneeshaw D. Vegetation browning: global drivers, impacts, and feedbacks. Trends Plant Sci 2023; 28:1014-1032. [PMID: 37087358 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As global climate conditions continue to change, disturbance regimes and environmental drivers will continue to shift, impacting global vegetation dynamics. Following a period of vegetation greening, there has been a progressive increase in remotely sensed vegetation browning globally. Given the many societal benefits that forests provide, it is critical that we understand vegetation dynamic alterations. Here, we review associative drivers, impacts, and feedbacks, revealing the complexity of browning. Concomitant increases in browning include the weakening of ecosystem services and functions and alterations to vegetation structure and species composition, as well as the development of potential positive climate change feedbacks. Also discussed are the current challenges in browning detection and understanding associated impacts and feedbacks. Finally, we outline recommended strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Liu
- Institute of Environment Sciences, Department of Biology Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, H3C 3P8, Canada; School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- Institute of Environment Sciences, Department of Biology Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, H3C 3P8, Canada; College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Robert Schneider
- University of Quebec at Rimouski (UQAR), Rimouski, Quebec, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Dominic Cyr
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 351 St-Joseph Blvd, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zelin Liu
- College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhou
- College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mingxi Du
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zihan Jiang
- Institute of Environment Sciences, Department of Biology Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, H3C 3P8, Canada; CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Lab, PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA; School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Institute of Environment Sciences, Department of Biology Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, H3C 3P8, Canada; Centre for Forest Research, University of Quebec at Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, H3C 3P8, Canada
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3
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Feng H, Guo J, Peng C, Kneeshaw D, Roberge G, Pan C, Ma X, Zhou D, Wang W. Nitrogen addition promotes terrestrial plants to allocate more biomass to aboveground organs: A global meta-analysis. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:3970-3989. [PMID: 37078965 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A significant increase in reactive nitrogen (N) added to terrestrial ecosystems through agricultural fertilization or atmospheric deposition is considered to be one of the most widespread drivers of global change. Modifying biomass allocation is one primary strategy for maximizing plant growth rate, survival, and adaptability to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there is much uncertainty as to whether and how plant biomass allocation strategies change in response to increased N inputs in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we synthesized 3516 paired observations of plant biomass and their components related to N additions across terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Our meta-analysis reveals that N addition (ranging from 1.08 to 113.81 g m-2 year-1 ) increased terrestrial plant biomass by 55.6% on average. N addition has increased plant stem mass fraction, shoot mass fraction, and leaf mass fraction by 13.8%, 12.9%, and 13.4%, respectively, but with an associated decrease in plant reproductive mass (including flower and fruit biomass) fraction by 3.4%. We further documented a reduction in plant root-shoot ratio and root mass fraction by 27% (21.8%-32.1%) and 14.7% (11.6%-17.8%), respectively, in response to N addition. Meta-regression results showed that N addition effects on plant biomass were positively correlated with mean annual temperature, soil available phosphorus, soil total potassium, specific leaf area, and leaf area per plant. Nevertheless, they were negatively correlated with soil total N, leaf carbon/N ratio, leaf carbon and N content per leaf area, as well as the amount and duration of N addition. In summary, our meta-analysis suggests that N addition may alter terrestrial plant biomass allocation strategies, leading to more biomass being allocated to aboveground organs than belowground organs and growth versus reproductive trade-offs. At the global scale, leaf functional traits may dictate how plant species change their biomass allocation pattern in response to N addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants/Hainan Biological Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants/Hainan Biological Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Roberge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chang Pan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuehong Ma
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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4
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Liu Q, Peng C, Schneider R, Cyr D, McDowell NG, Kneeshaw D. Drought-induced increase in tree mortality and corresponding decrease in the carbon sink capacity of Canada's boreal forests from 1970 to 2020. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:2274-2285. [PMID: 36704817 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Canada's boreal forests, which occupy approximately 30% of boreal forests worldwide, play an important role in the global carbon budget. However, there is little quantitative information available regarding the spatiotemporal changes in the drought-induced tree mortality of Canada's boreal forests overall and their associated impacts on biomass carbon dynamics. Here, we develop spatiotemporally explicit estimates of drought-induced tree mortality and corresponding biomass carbon sink capacity changes in Canada's boreal forests from 1970 to 2020. We show that the average annual tree mortality rate is approximately 2.7%. Approximately 43% of Canada's boreal forests have experienced significantly increasing tree mortality trends (71% of which are located in the western region of the country), and these trends have accelerated since 2002. This increase in tree mortality has resulted in significant biomass carbon losses at an approximate rate of 1.51 ± 0.29 MgC ha-1 year-1 (95% confidence interval) with an approximate total loss of 0.46 ± 0.09 PgC year-1 (95% confidence interval). Under the drought condition increases predicted for this century, the capacity of Canada's boreal forests to act as a carbon sink will be further reduced, potentially leading to a significant positive climate feedback effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Liu
- Department of Biology Sciences, Institute of Environment Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre for Forest Research, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biology Sciences, Institute of Environment Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre for Forest Research, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Dominic Cyr
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Lab, Richland, Washington, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Centre for Forest Research, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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5
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Oogathoo S, Duchesne L, Houle D, Kneeshaw D. Characterizing Seasonal Radial Growth Dynamics of Balsam Fir in a Cold Environment Using Continuous Dendrometric Data: A Case Study in a 12-Year Soil Warming Experiment. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22145155. [PMID: 35890836 PMCID: PMC9315762 DOI: 10.3390/s22145155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Historical temperature records reveal that the boreal forest has been subjected to a significant lengthening of the thermal growing season since the middle of the last century, and climate models predict that this lengthening will continue in the future. Nevertheless, the potential phenological response of trees to changes in growing season length remains relatively undocumented, particularly for evergreen boreal tree species growing in cold environments. Here, we used the recently defined zero growth (ZG) concept to extract and characterize the metrics of seasonal radial growth dynamics for 12 balsam fir trees subjected to a 12-year soil warming experiment using high resolution radius dendrometer measurements. The ZG concept provides an accurate determination of growth seasonality (onset, cessation, duration, growth rates, and total growth) for these slow-growing trees characterized by significant shrinkage in tree diameter due to dehydration in the winter. Our analysis revealed that, on average, growth onset starts at day 152 ± 7 (±1 SE, 31 May–1 June) and ceases at day 244 ± 27 (31 August–1 September), for a growing season duration of about 3 months (93 ± 26 days) over a 12-year period. Growing season duration is mainly determined by growth cessation, while growth onset varies little between years. A large part (80%) of the total growth occurs in the first 50 days of the growing season. Given the dynamics of growth, early growth cessation (shorter growing season) results in a higher average seasonal growth rate, meaning that longer growing seasons are not necessarily associated with greater tree growth. Soil warming induces earlier growth cessation, but increases the mean tree growth rate by 18.1% and the total annual growth by 9.1%, on average, as compared to the control trees. Our results suggest that a higher soil temperature for warmed trees contributes to providing better growth conditions and higher growth rates in the early growing season, when the soil temperature is low and the soil water content is elevated because of snowmelt. Attaining a critical soil temperature earlier, coupled with lower soil water content, may have contributed to the earlier growth cessation and shorter growing season of warmed trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Oogathoo
- Centre d’Étude de la Forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - Louis Duchesne
- Direction de la Recherche Forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, Quebec City, QC G1P 3W8, Canada;
| | - Daniel Houle
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada and Climate Change, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada;
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Centre d’Étude de la Forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada;
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6
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Sánchez-Pinillos M, D'Orangeville L, Boulanger Y, Comeau P, Wang J, Taylor AR, Kneeshaw D. Sequential droughts: A silent trigger of boreal forest mortality. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:542-556. [PMID: 34606657 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite great concern for drought-driven forest mortality, the effects of frequent low-intensity droughts have been largely overlooked in the boreal forest because of their negligible impacts over the short term. In this study, we used data from 6876 permanent plots distributed across most of the Canadian boreal zone to assess the effects of repeated low-intensity droughts on forest mortality. Specifically, we compared the relative impact of sequential years under low-intensity dry conditions with the effects of variables related to the intensity of dry conditions, stand characteristics, and local climate. Then, we searched for thresholds in forest mortality as a function of the number of years between two forest surveys affected by dry conditions of any intensity. Our results showed that, in general, frequent low-intensity dry conditions had stronger effects on forest mortality than the intensity of the driest conditions in the plot. Frequent low-intensity dry conditions acted as an inciting factor of forest mortality exacerbated by stand characteristics and environmental conditions. Overall, the mortality of forests dominated by shade-tolerant conifers was significantly and positively related to frequent low-intensity dry conditions, supporting, in some cases, the existence of thresholds delimiting contrasting responses to drought. In mixtures with broadleaf species, however, sequential dry conditions had a negligible impact. The effects of frequent dry conditions on shade-intolerant forests mainly depended on local climate, inciting or mitigating the mortality of forests located in wet places and dominated by broadleaf species or jack pine, respectively. Our results highlight the importance of assessing not only climate-driven extreme events but also repeated disturbances of low intensity. In the long term, the smooth response of forests to dry conditions might abruptly change leading to disproportional mortality triggered by accumulated stress conditions. Forest and wildlife managers should consider the cumulative effects of climate change on mortality to avoid shortfalls in timber and habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sánchez-Pinillos
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Loïc D'Orangeville
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Yan Boulanger
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Phil Comeau
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jiejie Wang
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Anthony R Taylor
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Atlantic Forestry Centre, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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7
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Feng H, Guo J, Ma X, Han M, Kneeshaw D, Sun H, Malghani S, Chen H, Wang W. Methane emissions may be driven by hydrogenotrophic methanogens inhabiting the stem tissues of poplar. New Phytol 2022; 233:182-193. [PMID: 34617594 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Living trees in forests emit methane (CH4 ) from their stems. However, the magnitudes, patterns, drivers, origins, and biogeochemical pathways of these emissions remain poorly understood. We measured in situ CH4 fluxes in poplar stems and soils using static chambers and investigated the microbial communities of heartwood and sapwood by sequencing bacterial 16S, archaeal 16S, and fungal ITS rRNA genes. Methane emissions from poplar stems occurred throughout the sampling period. The mean CH4 emission rate was 2.7 mg m-2 stem d-1 . Stem CH4 emission rate increased significantly with air temperature, humidity, soil water content, and soil CH4 fluxes, but decreased with increasing sampling height. The CO2 reduction and methylotrophic methanogenesis were the major methanogenic pathways in wood tissues. The dominant methanogen groups detected in stem tissues were Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter, Rice Cluster I, Methanosarcina, Methanomassiliicoccus, Methanoculleus, and Methanomethylophilaceae. In addition, three methanotrophic genera were identified in the heartwood and sapwood - Methylocystis, Methylobacterium, and Paracoccus. Overall, stem CH4 emissions can originate directly from the internal tissues or co-occur from soils and stems. The co-existence of methanogens and methanotrophs within heartwood and sapwood highlights a need for future research in the microbial mechanisms underlying stem CH4 exchange with the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Feng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Jiahuan Guo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Xuehong Ma
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Menghua Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Saadatullah Malghani
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Huai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
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Zhao N, Prieur JF, Liu Y, Kneeshaw D, Lapointe EM, Paquette A, Zinszer K, Dupras J, Villeneuve PJ, Rainham DG, Lavigne E, Chen H, van den Bosch M, Oiamo T, Smargiassi A. Tree characteristics and environmental noise in complex urban settings - A case study from Montreal, Canada. Environ Res 2021; 202:111887. [PMID: 34425113 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Field studies have shown that dense tree canopies and regular tree arrangements reduce noise from a point source. In urban areas, noise sources are multiple and tree arrangements are rarely dense. There is a lack of data on the association between the urban tree canopy characteristics and noise in complex urban settings. Our aim was to investigate the spatial variation of urban tree canopy characteristics, indices of vegetation abundance, and environmental noise levels. Using Light Detection and Ranging point cloud data for 2015, we extracted the characteristics of 1,272,069 public and private trees across the island of Montreal, Canada. We distinguished needle-leaf from broadleaf trees, and calculated the percentage of broadleaf trees, the total area of the crown footprint, the mean crown centroid height, and the mean volume of crowns of trees that were located within 100m, 250m, 500m, and 1000m buffers around 87 in situ noise measurement sites. A random forest model incorporating tree characteristics, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values, and the distances to major urban noise sources (highways, railways and roads) was employed to estimate variation in noise among measurement locations. We found decreasing trends in noise levels with increases in total area of the crown footprint and mean crown centroid height. The percentages of increased mean squared error of the regression models indicated that in 500m buffers the total area of the crown footprint (29.2%) and the mean crown centroid height (12.6%) had a stronger influence than NDVI (3.2%) in modeling noise levels; similar patterns of influence were observed using other buffers. Our findings suggest that municipal initiatives designed to reduce urban noise should account for tree features, and not just the number of trees or the overall amount of vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naizhuo Zhao
- Centre d'étude de la forêt, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Prieur
- Centre d'étude de la forêt, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre of Public Health Research, University of Montreal and CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Centre d'étude de la forêt, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eugénie Morasse Lapointe
- Centre d'étude de la forêt, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre d'étude de la forêt, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kate Zinszer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre of Public Health Research, University of Montreal and CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Dupras
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, QC, Canada
| | - Paul J Villeneuve
- School of Mathematics and Statistics and Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel G Rainham
- School of Health and Human Performance and the Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Eric Lavigne
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hong Chen
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Matilda van den Bosch
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, BC, Canada; Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, BC, Canada; ISGlobal, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tor Oiamo
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Audrey Smargiassi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre of Public Health Research, University of Montreal and CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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9
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Liu Q, Peng C, Schneider R, Cyr D, Liu Z, Zhou X, Kneeshaw D. TRIPLEX-Mortality model for simulating drought-induced tree mortality in boreal forests: Model development and evaluation. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Sousa-Silva R, Smargiassi A, Kneeshaw D, Dupras J, Zinszer K, Paquette A. Strong variations in urban allergenicity riskscapes due to poor knowledge of tree pollen allergenic potential. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10196. [PMID: 33986328 PMCID: PMC8119473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to allergenic tree pollen is an increasing environmental health issue in urban areas. However, reliable, well-documented, peer-reviewed data on the allergenicity of pollen from common tree species in urban environments are lacking. Using the concept of 'riskscape', we present and discuss evidence on how different tree pollen allergenicity datasets shape the risk for pollen-allergy sufferers in five cities with different urban forests and population densities: Barcelona, Montreal, New York City, Paris, and Vancouver. We also evaluate how tree diversity can modify the allergenic risk of urban forests. We show that estimates of pollen exposure risk range from 1 to 74% for trees considered to be highly allergenic in the same city. This variation results from differences in the pollen allergenicity datasets, which become more pronounced when a city's canopy is dominated by only a few species and genera. In an increasingly urbanized world, diverse urban forests offer a potentially safer strategy aimed at diluting sources of allergenic pollen until better allergenicity data is developed. Our findings highlight an urgent need for a science-based approach to guide public health and urban forest planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sousa-Silva
- Centre for Forest Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Audrey Smargiassi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Public Health Research Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- National Institute of Public Health of Quebec, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Centre for Forest Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Dupras
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, QC, Canada
| | - Kate Zinszer
- Public Health Research Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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11
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Robert L, Sturtevant BR, Kneeshaw D, James PMA, Fortin M, Wolter PT, Townsend PA, Cooke BJ. Forest landscape structure influences the cyclic‐eruptive spatial dynamics of forest tent caterpillar outbreaks. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Louis‐Etienne Robert
- Département de Sciences Biologiques Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre‐ville Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Brian R. Sturtevant
- Institute for Applied Ecosystem Studies Northern Research Station USDA Forest Service 5985, Highway K Rhinelander Wisconsin 54501 USA
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Centre d’étude de la forêt (CEF) Université du Québec à Montréal C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre‐Ville Montreal Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Patrick M. A. James
- Département de Sciences Biologiques Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre‐ville Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Marie‐Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto 25 Willcocks Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Peter T. Wolter
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management Iowa State University 339 Science II Ames Iowa 50011 USA
| | - Philip A. Townsend
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin 1630 Linden Drive Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Barry J. Cooke
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre Canadian Forest Service 1219 Queen Street East Sault Ste. Marie Ontario P6A2E5 Canada
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12
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Liu Z, Peng C, De Grandpré L, Candau J, Work T, Zhou X, Kneeshaw D. Aerial spraying of bacterial insecticides to control spruce budworm defoliation leads to reduced carbon losses. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Québec at Montreal Montreal Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Québec at Montreal Montreal Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Louis De Grandpré
- Laurentian Forestry Centre Canadian Forest Service Natural Resources Canada Quebec Quebec G1V 4C7 Canada
| | - Jean‐Noël Candau
- Great Lake Forestry Centre Canadian Forest Service Natural Resources Canada Ottawa Ontario P6A 2E5 Canada
| | - Timothy Work
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Québec at Montreal Montreal Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Xiaolu Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Québec at Montreal Montreal Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Québec at Montreal Montreal Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada
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13
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D'Orangeville L, Houle D, Duchesne L, Phillips RP, Bergeron Y, Kneeshaw D. Beneficial effects of climate warming on boreal tree growth may be transitory. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3213. [PMID: 30097584 PMCID: PMC6086880 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicted increases in temperature and aridity across the boreal forest region have the potential to alter timber supply and carbon sequestration. Given the widely-observed variation in species sensitivity to climate, there is an urgent need to develop species-specific predictive models that can account for local conditions. Here, we matched the growth of 270,000 trees across a 761,100 km2 region with detailed site-level data to quantify the growth responses of the seven most common boreal tree species in Eastern Canada to changes in climate. Accounting for spatially-explicit species-specific responses, we find that while 2 °C of warming may increase overall forest productivity by 13 ± 3% (mean ± SE) in the absence of disturbance, additional warming could reverse this trend and lead to substantial declines exacerbated by reductions in water availability. Our results confirm the transitory nature of warming-induced growth benefits in the boreal forest and highlight the vulnerability of the ecosystem to excess warming and drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc D'Orangeville
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of New Brunswick, 28 Dineen Drive, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Daniel Houle
- Direction de la Recherche Forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, 2700 Einstein, Quebec City, QC, G1P 3W8, Canada
- Ouranos, 550 Rue Sherbrooke O, Montréal, QC, H3A 1B9, Canada
| | - Louis Duchesne
- Direction de la Recherche Forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, 2700 Einstein, Quebec City, QC, G1P 3W8, Canada
| | - Richard P Phillips
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405-7005, USA
| | - Yves Bergeron
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
- NSERC-UQAT-UQAM Industrial Chair in Sustainable Forest Management, Forest Research Institute, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 445 de l'Université, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Nolet
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt tempérée (ISFORT); Université du Québec en Outaouais; 58 Principale Ripon Québec J0V 1V0 Canada
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Centre d’étude de la Forêt (CEF); Département des sciences biologiques; Université du Québec à Montréal; 141 Président-Kennedy Montréal Québec H2X 3Y5 Canada
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15
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D'Orangeville L, Maxwell J, Kneeshaw D, Pederson N, Duchesne L, Logan T, Houle D, Arseneault D, Beier CM, Bishop DA, Druckenbrod D, Fraver S, Girard F, Halman J, Hansen C, Hart JL, Hartmann H, Kaye M, Leblanc D, Manzoni S, Ouimet R, Rayback S, Rollinson CR, Phillips RP. Drought timing and local climate determine the sensitivity of eastern temperate forests to drought. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:2339-2351. [PMID: 29460369 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Projected changes in temperature and drought regime are likely to reduce carbon (C) storage in forests, thereby amplifying rates of climate change. While such reductions are often presumed to be greatest in semi-arid forests that experience widespread tree mortality, the consequences of drought may also be important in temperate mesic forests of Eastern North America (ENA) if tree growth is significantly curtailed by drought. Investigations of the environmental conditions that determine drought sensitivity are critically needed to accurately predict ecosystem feedbacks to climate change. We matched site factors with the growth responses to drought of 10,753 trees across mesic forests of ENA, representing 24 species and 346 stands, to determine the broad-scale drivers of drought sensitivity for the dominant trees in ENA. Here we show that two factors-the timing of drought, and the atmospheric demand for water (i.e., local potential evapotranspiration; PET)-are stronger drivers of drought sensitivity than soil and stand characteristics. Drought-induced reductions in tree growth were greatest when the droughts occurred during early-season peaks in radial growth, especially for trees growing in the warmest, driest regions (i.e., highest PET). Further, mean species trait values (rooting depth and ψ50 ) were poor predictors of drought sensitivity, as intraspecific variation in sensitivity was equal to or greater than interspecific variation in 17 of 24 species. From a general circulation model ensemble, we find that future increases in early-season PET may exacerbate these effects, and potentially offset gains in C uptake and storage in ENA owing to other global change factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc D'Orangeville
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Justin Maxwell
- Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Neil Pederson
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, USA
| | - Louis Duchesne
- Direction de la Recherche Forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Travis Logan
- Ouranos Climate Change Consortium, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Houle
- Direction de la Recherche Forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Ouranos Climate Change Consortium, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Arseneault
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Geography, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - Colin M Beier
- Department of Forest and Natural Resources Management, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Daniel A Bishop
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Druckenbrod
- Geological, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA
| | - Shawn Fraver
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - François Girard
- Department of Geography, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Joshua Halman
- Vermont Department of Forests, Parks & Recreation, Essex Junction, VT, USA
| | - Chris Hansen
- Rubenstein School of the Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Justin L Hart
- Department of Geography, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Margot Kaye
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences, State College, PA, USA
| | - David Leblanc
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | | | - Rock Ouimet
- Direction de la Recherche Forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Shelly Rayback
- Department of Geography, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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16
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Nolet P, Kneeshaw D, Messier C, Béland M. Comparing the effects of even- and uneven-aged silviculture on ecological diversity and processes: A review. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:1217-1226. [PMID: 29375792 PMCID: PMC5773322 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increasing pressure on forested landscapes, conservation areas may fail to maintain biodiversity if they are not supported by the surrounding managed forest matrix. Worldwide, forests are managed by one of two broad approaches-even- and uneven-aged silviculture. In recent decades, there has been rising public pressure against the systematic use of even-aged silviculture (especially clear-cutting) because of its perceived negative esthetic and ecological impacts. This led to an increased interest for uneven-aged silviculture. However, to date, there has been no worldwide ecological comparison of the two approaches, based on multiple indicators. Overall, for the 99 combinations of properties or processes verified (one study may have evaluated more than one property or process), we found nineteen (23) combinations that clearly showed uneven-aged silviculture improved the evaluated metrics compared to even-aged silviculture, eleven (16) combinations that showed the opposite, and 60 combinations that were equivocal. Furthermore, many studies were based on a limited study design without either a timescale (44 of the 76) or spatial (54 of the 76) scale consideration. Current views that uneven-aged silviculture is better suited than even-aged silviculture for maintaining ecological diversity and processes are not substantiated by our analyses. Our review, by studying a large range of indicators and many different taxonomic groups, also clearly demonstrates that no single approach can be relied on and that both approaches are needed to ensure a greater number of positive impacts. Moreover, the review clearly highlights the importance of maintaining protected areas as some taxonomic groups were found to be negatively affected no matter the management approach used. Finally, our review points to a lack of knowledge for determining the use of even- or uneven-aged silviculture in terms of both their respective proportion in the landscape and their spatial agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Nolet
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt tempérée (ISFORT) Université du Québec en Outaouais Ripon QC Canada
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Département des Sciences Biologiques Centre d'étude de la Forêt (CEF) Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal QC Canada
| | - Christian Messier
- Département des Sciences Naturelles Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée (ISFORT) Centre d'étude de la Forêt (CEF) Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO) Ripon QC Canada
| | - Martin Béland
- École de Foresterie Université de Moncton, Campus d'Edmundston Edmundston NB Canada
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17
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Duchesne L, D’Orangeville L, Ouimet R, Houle D, Kneeshaw D. Extracting coherent tree-ring climatic signals across spatial scales from extensive forest inventory data. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189444. [PMID: 29281697 PMCID: PMC5744929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing access to extensively replicated and broadly distributed tree-ring collections has led to a greater use of these large data sets to investigate climate forcing on tree growth. However, the number of chronologies added to large accessible databases is declining and few are updated, while chronologies are often sparsely distributed and are more representative of marginal growing environments. On the other hand, National Forest Inventories (NFI), although poorly replicated at the plot level as compared to classic dendrochronological sampling, contain a large amount of tree-ring data with high spatial density designed to be spatially representative of the forest cover. We propose an a posteriori approach to validating tree-ring measurements and dating, selecting individual tree-ring width time series, and building average chronologies at various spatial scales based on an extensive collection of ring width measurements of nearly 94,000 black spruce trees distributed over a wide area and collected as part of the NFI in the province of Quebec, Canada. Our results show that reliable signals may be derived at various spatial scales (from 37 to 583,000 km2) from NFI increment core samples. Signals from independently built chronologies are spatially coherent with each other and well-correlated with independent reference chronologies built at the stand level. We thus conclude that tree-ring data from NFIs provide an extraordinary opportunity to strengthen the spatial and temporal coverage of tree-ring data and to improve coordination with other contemporary measurements of forest growth to provide a better understanding of tree growth-climate relationships over broad spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Duchesne
- Direction de la Recherche Forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, Einstein, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Loïc D’Orangeville
- Centre d’Étude de la Forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Rock Ouimet
- Direction de la Recherche Forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, Einstein, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Houle
- Direction de la Recherche Forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, Einstein, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Consortium sur la Climatologie Régionale et l’Adaptation aux Changements Climatiques (Ouranos), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Centre d’Étude de la Forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Bognounou F, De Grandpré L, Pureswaran DS, Kneeshaw D. Temporal variation in plant neighborhood effects on the defoliation of primary and secondary hosts by an insect pest. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fidèle Bognounou
- Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Laurentian Forestry Centre; 1055 du PEPS, P.O. Box 10380 Stn. Sainte-Foy Quebec G1V 4C7 Canada
- Centre d’étude de la forêt; Département des Sciences Biologiques; Université du Québec à Montréal; C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville Montréal Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Louis De Grandpré
- Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Laurentian Forestry Centre; 1055 du PEPS, P.O. Box 10380 Stn. Sainte-Foy Quebec G1V 4C7 Canada
| | - Deepa S. Pureswaran
- Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Forest Service; Laurentian Forestry Centre; 1055 du PEPS, P.O. Box 10380 Stn. Sainte-Foy Quebec G1V 4C7 Canada
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Centre d’étude de la forêt; Département des Sciences Biologiques; Université du Québec à Montréal; C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville Montréal Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada
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19
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DOrangeville L, Duchesne L, Houle D, Kneeshaw D, Cote B, Pederson N. Northeastern North America as a potential refugium for boreal forests in a warming climate. Science 2016; 352:1452-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf4951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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20
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Aubin I, Messier C, Kneeshaw D. Population structure and growth acclimation of mountain maple along a successional gradient in the southern boreal forest. Écoscience 2016. [DOI: 10.2980/i1195-6860-12-4-540.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Reyes GP, Kneeshaw D. Moderate-severity disturbance dynamics in Abies balsamea-Betula spp. forests: The relative importance of disturbance type and local stand and site characteristics on woody vegetation response. Écoscience 2015. [DOI: 10.2980/15-2-3082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo P. Reyes
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt (CEF), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada,
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt (CEF), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada,
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Nock
- Center for Forest Research, Department des Sciences Biologique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
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23
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Vepakomma U, St-Onge B, Kneeshaw D. Response of a boreal forest to canopy opening: assessing vertical and lateral tree growth with multi-temporal lidar data. Ecol Appl 2011; 21:99-121. [PMID: 21516891 DOI: 10.1890/09-0896.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fine-scale height-growth response of boreal trees to canopy openings is difficult to measure from the ground, and there are important limitations in using stereophotogrammetry in defining gaps and determining individual crowns and height. However, precise knowledge on height growth response to different openings is critical for refining partial harvesting techniques. In this study, we question whether conifers and hardwoods respond equally in terms of sapling growth or lateral growth to openings. We also ask to what distance gaps affect tree growth into the forest. We use multi-temporal lidar to characterize tree/sapling height and lateral growth responses over five years to canopy openings and high resolution images to identify conifers and hardwoods. Species-class-wise height-growth patterns of trees/saplings in various neighborhood contexts were determined across a 6-km matrix of Canadian boreal mixed deciduous coniferous forests. We then use statistical techniques to probe how these growth responses vary by spatial location with respect to the gap edge. Results confirm that both mechanisms of gap closure contribute to the closing of canopies at a rate of 1.2% per annum. Evidence also shows that both hardwood and conifer gap edge trees have a similar lateral growth (average of 22 cm/yr) and similar rates of height growth irrespective of their location and initial height. Height growth of all saplings, however, was strongly dependent on their position within the gap and the size of the gap. Results suggest that hardwood and softwood saplings in gaps have greatest growth rates at distances of 0.5-2 m and 1.5-4 m from the gap edge and in openings smaller than 800 m2 and 250 m2, respectively. Gap effects on the height growth of trees in the intact forest were evident up to 30 m and 20 m from gap edges for hardwood and softwood overstory trees, respectively. Our results thus suggest that foresters should consider silvicultural techniques that create many small openings in mixed coniferous deciduous boreal forests to maximize the growth response of both residual and regenerating trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udayalakshmi Vepakomma
- Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C3P8 Canada
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Berninger K, Adamowicz W, Kneeshaw D, Messier C. Sustainable forest management preferences of interest groups in three regions with different levels of industrial forestry: an exploratory attribute-based choice experiment. Environ Manage 2010; 46:117-133. [PMID: 20526714 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-010-9507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The challenge of sustainable forest management is to integrate diverse and sometimes conflicting management objectives. In order to achieve this goal, we need a better understanding of the aspects influencing the preferences of diverse groups and how these groups make trade-offs between different attributes of SFM. We compare the SFM preferences of interest groups in regions with different forest use histories based on the reasoning that the condition of the forest reflects the forest use history of the area. The condition of the forest also shapes an individual's forest values and attitudes. These held values and attitudes are thought to influence SFM preferences. We tested whether the SFM preferences vary amongst the different interest groups within and across regions. We collected data from 252 persons using a choice experiment approach, where participants chose multiple times among different options described by a combination of attributes that are assigned different levels. The novelty of our approach was the use of choice experiments in the assessment of regional preference differences. Given the complexity of inter-regional comparison and the small sample size, this was an exploratory study based on a purposive rather than random sample. Nevertheless, our results suggest that the aggregation of preferences of all individuals within a region does not reveal all information necessary for forest management planning since opposing viewpoints could cancel each other out and lead to an interpretation that does not reflect possibly polarised views. Although based on a small sample size, the preferences of interest groups within a region are generally statistically significantly different from each other; however preferences of interest groups across regions are also significantly different. This illustrates the potential importance of assessing heterogeneity by region and by group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Berninger
- Centre d'Etude de la Forêt, Case postale 8888, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada,
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Berninger K, Kneeshaw D, Messier C. The role of cultural models in local perceptions of SFM--differences and similarities of interest groups from three boreal regions. J Environ Manage 2009; 90:740-751. [PMID: 18321636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Differences in the way local and regional interest groups perceive Sustainable Forest Management in regions with different forest use histories were studied using Southeastern Finland, the Mauricie in Quebec and Central Labrador in Canada as examples of regions with high, medium and low importance of commercial forestry. We present a conceptual model illustrating the cyclic interaction between the forest, cultural models about forests and forest management. We hypothesized that peoples' perceptions would be influenced by their cultural models about forests and would thus vary amongst regions with different forest use histories and among different interest groups. The weightings of the environmental, economic and social components of sustainability as well as themes important for each of the interest groups were elicited using individual listing of SFM indicators and group work aimed at developing a consensus opinion on a common indicator list. In Southeastern Finland the views of the different groups were polarized along the environment-economy axis, whereas in Central Labrador all groups were environmentally oriented. The social dimension was low overall except among the Metis and the Innu in Labrador. Only environmental groups were similar in all three research regions, the largest differences between regions were found among the forestry professionals in their weightings concerning economy and nature. As the importance of commercial forestry increased, a greater importance of economic issues was expressed whereas the opposite trend was observed for issues regarding nature. Also inter-group differences grew as the importance of commercial forestry increased in the region. Forest management and forest use can be seen as factors strongly influencing peoples' cultural models on forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Berninger
- Centre d'Etude de la Forêt, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Abstract
In order to assess the long-term spatiotemporal influence of the spruce budworm in sub-boreal mixedwood forests, we studied the effect of three successive outbreaks in a region of western Quebec, Canada. We used dendrochronology to detect past outbreaks in three areas (111-185 ha), based on the recruitment age of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and on growth patterns of white spruce (Picea glauca), the two main host species of this defoliating insect. We also used a series of aerial photographs taken between 1935 and 2003 to evaluate overstory mortality and post-outbreak succession patterns in these same areas. Individual outbreaks had a spatially homogenous impact on host species throughout the region, but successive outbreaks differed in intensity: the two outbreaks around 1910 and 1980 caused widespread mortality in the overstory, but an outbreak around 1945 had little impact, probably because the forest mosaic had not yet recuperated from the 1910 outbreak. No clear outbreak was detected in the later part of the 19th century. In portions of the study areas where the 1910 outbreak had a major impact, between 36% and 50% of the stands were reoccupied by balsam fir stands in the period up to the 1980 outbreak (cyclic succession), the rest being at least partly replaced by nonhost species such as Betula spp. Changes in forest composition after the 1910 outbreak were mostly associated with upper-slope positions in all study areas. The 1980 outbreak also had a higher impact than earlier outbreaks in lower-slope positions dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana)-balsam fir mixtures. These results suggest that, at the regional scale, the abundance of mature or over-mature balsam fir stands does not determine the outbreak cycle. When an outbreak occurs, however, its impact will be strongly constrained by forest characteristics such as stand composition and structure, which are themselves influenced by previous disturbances and slope position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bouchard
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Forestière Interuniversitaire (GREFi), Université du Quebec a Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8 Canada.
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