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Pawlicki P, Yurdakok-Dikmen B, Tworzydlo W, Kotula-Balak M. Toward understanding the role of the interstitial tissue architects: Possible functions of telocytes in the male gonad. Theriogenology 2024; 217:25-36. [PMID: 38241912 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Telocytes represent a relatively recently discovered population of interstitial cells with a unique morphological structure that distinguishes them from other neighboring cells. Through their long protrusions extending from the cell body, telocytes create microenvironments via tissue compartmentalization and create homo- and hetero-cellular junctions. These establish a three-dimensional network enabling the maintenance of interstitial compartment homeostasis through regulation of extracellular matrix organization and activity, structural support, paracrine and juxtracrine communication, immunomodulation, immune surveillance, cell survival, and apoptosis. The presence of telocytes has also been confirmed in testicular interstitial tissue of many species of animals. The objective of this review is to summarize recent findings on telocytes in the male gonad, on which conclusions have been deduced that indicate the involvement of telocytes in maintaining the cytoarchitecture of the testicular interstitial tissue, in the processes of spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis, and photoperiod-mediated changes in the testes in seasonally reproductive animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pawlicki
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Redzina 1c, 30-248, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Begum Yurdakok-Dikmen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, 06110, Dışkapı, Turkey.
| | - Waclaw Tworzydlo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-385, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Kotula-Balak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Preclinical Sciences, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
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Harbuz I, Banciu DD, David R, Cercel C, Cotîrță O, Ciurea BM, Radu SM, Dinescu S, Jinga SI, Banciu A. Perspectives on Scaffold Designs with Roles in Liver Cell Asymmetry and Medical and Industrial Applications by Using a New Type of Specialized 3D Bioprinter. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14722. [PMID: 37834167 PMCID: PMC10573170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular asymmetry is an important element of efficiency in the compartmentalization of intracellular chemical reactions that ensure efficient tissue function. Improving the current 3D printing methods by using cellular asymmetry is essential in producing complex tissues and organs such as the liver. The use of cell spots containing at least two cells and basement membrane-like bio support materials allows cells to be tethered at two points on the basement membrane and with another cell in order to maintain cell asymmetry. Our model is a new type of 3D bioprinter that uses oriented multicellular complexes with cellular asymmetry. This novel approach is necessary to replace the sequential and slow processes of organogenesis with rapid methods of growth and 3D organ printing. The use of the extracellular matrix in the process of bioprinting with cells allows one to preserve the cellular asymmetry in the 3D printing process and thus preserve the compartmentalization of biological processes and metabolic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Harbuz
- Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Faculty of Medical Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (I.H.); (O.C.); (B.M.C.); (S.I.J.)
| | - Daniel Dumitru Banciu
- Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Faculty of Medical Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (I.H.); (O.C.); (B.M.C.); (S.I.J.)
| | - Rodica David
- Institute for Research on the Quality of Society and the Sciences of Education, University Constantin Brancusi of Targu Jiu, Republicii 1, 210185 Targu Jiu, Romania;
- Department of Mechanical Industrial and Transportation Engineering, University of Petrosani, 332006 Petrosani, Romania; (S.M.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Cristina Cercel
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Octavian Cotîrță
- Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Faculty of Medical Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (I.H.); (O.C.); (B.M.C.); (S.I.J.)
| | - Bogdan Marius Ciurea
- Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Faculty of Medical Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (I.H.); (O.C.); (B.M.C.); (S.I.J.)
| | - Sorin Mihai Radu
- Department of Mechanical Industrial and Transportation Engineering, University of Petrosani, 332006 Petrosani, Romania; (S.M.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Stela Dinescu
- Department of Mechanical Industrial and Transportation Engineering, University of Petrosani, 332006 Petrosani, Romania; (S.M.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Sorin Ion Jinga
- Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Faculty of Medical Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (I.H.); (O.C.); (B.M.C.); (S.I.J.)
| | - Adela Banciu
- Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices, Faculty of Medical Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (I.H.); (O.C.); (B.M.C.); (S.I.J.)
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Xu T, Zhang H, Zhu Z. Telocytes and endometriosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 307:39-49. [PMID: 35668319 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06634-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis involving the presence and growth of glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity is a common, inflammatory, benign gynecologic disease. Nevertheless, no single theory can exactly account for the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Telocytes, a kind of novel mesenchymal cells, have been suggested to be crucial in promoting angiogenesis and increasing the activity of endometrial interstitial cells and inflammatory cells. Given above roles, telocytes may be considered as the possible pathogenesis of endometriosis. We reviewed the current literature on telocytes. The following aspects were considered: (A) the telocytes' typical characteristics, function, and morphological changes in endometriosis; (B) the potential role of telocytes in endometriosis by impacting the inflammation, invasion, and angiogenesis; (C) telocytes as the potential treatment options for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No.128, Shenyang Road, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Hongqi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhiling Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, No.128, Shenyang Road, Shanghai, 200090, China.
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Telocytes’ Role in Modulating Gut Motility Function and Development: Medical Hypotheses and Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137017. [PMID: 35806023 PMCID: PMC9267102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article explores the telocytes’ roles in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), presenting the mechanisms and hypotheses related to epithelial regeneration, progressive fibrosis, and dysmotility as a consequence of TCs’ reduced or absent number. Based on the presented mechanisms and hypotheses, we aim to provide a functional model to illustrate TCs’ possible roles in the normal and pathological functioning of the digestive tract. TCs are influenced by the compression of nearby blood vessels and the degree of fibrosis of the surrounding tissues and mediate these processes in response. The changes in intestinal tube vascularization induced by the movement of the food bowl, and the consequent pH changes that show an anisotropy in the thickness of the intestinal tube wall, have led to the identification of a pattern of intestinal tube development based on telocytes’ ability to communicate and modulate surrounding cell functions. In the construction of the theoretical model, given the predictable occurrence of colic in the infant, the two-layer arrangement of the nerve plexuses associated with the intestinal tube was considered to be incompletely adapted to the motility required with a diversified diet. There is resulting evidence of possible therapeutic targets for diseases associated with changes in local nerve tissue development.
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Aschacher T, Aschacher O, Schmidt K, Enzmann FK, Eichmair E, Winkler B, Arnold Z, Nagel F, Podesser BK, Mitterbauer A, Messner B, Grabenwöger M, Laufer G, Ehrlich MP, Bergmann M. The Role of Telocytes and Telocyte-Derived Exosomes in the Development of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094730. [PMID: 35563123 PMCID: PMC9099883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) is the degenerative remodeling of aortic wall, which leads to progressive aortic dilatation and resulting in an increased risk for aortic dissection or rupture. Telocytes (TCs), a distinct type of interstitial cells described in many tissues and organs, were recently observed in the aortic wall, and studies showed the potential regulation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) homeostasis by TC-released shed vesicles. The purpose of the present work was to study the functions of TCs in medial degeneration of TAA. During aneurysmal formation an increase of aortic TCs was identified in human surgical specimens of TAA-patients, compared to healthy thoracic aortic (HTA)-tissue. We found the presence of epithelial progenitor cells in the adventitial layer, which showed increased infiltration in TAA samples. For functional analysis, HTA- and TAA-telocytes were isolated, characterized, and compared by their protein levels, mRNA- and miRNA-expression profiles. We detected TC and TC-released exosomes near SMCs. TAA-TC-exosomes showed a significant increase of the SMC-related dedifferentiation markers KLF-4-, VEGF-A-, and PDGF-A-protein levels, as well as miRNA-expression levels of miR-146a, miR-221 and miR-222. SMCs treated with TAA-TC-exosomes developed a dedifferentiation-phenotype. In conclusion, the study shows for the first time that TCs are involved in development of TAA and could play a crucial role in SMC phenotype switching by release of extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Aschacher
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinic Floridsdorf and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cardio-Vascular Research, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.W.); (Z.A.); (M.G.)
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.E.); (B.M.); (G.L.); (M.P.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-277-00-74316
| | - Olivia Aschacher
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Katy Schmidt
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Florian K. Enzmann
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Eva Eichmair
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.E.); (B.M.); (G.L.); (M.P.E.)
| | - Bernhard Winkler
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinic Floridsdorf and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cardio-Vascular Research, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.W.); (Z.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Arnold
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinic Floridsdorf and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cardio-Vascular Research, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.W.); (Z.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Felix Nagel
- Department of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.N.); (B.K.P.)
| | - Bruno K. Podesser
- Department of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (F.N.); (B.K.P.)
| | - Andreas Mitterbauer
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Barbara Messner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.E.); (B.M.); (G.L.); (M.P.E.)
| | - Martin Grabenwöger
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinic Floridsdorf and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cardio-Vascular Research, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (B.W.); (Z.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Günther Laufer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.E.); (B.M.); (G.L.); (M.P.E.)
| | - Marek P. Ehrlich
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.E.); (B.M.); (G.L.); (M.P.E.)
| | - Michael Bergmann
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.M.); (M.B.)
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Zhu X, Wang Q, Pawlicki P, Wang Z, Pawlicka B, Meng X, Feng Y, Yang P. Telocytes and Their Structural Relationships With the Sperm Storage Tube and Surrounding Cell Types in the Utero-Vaginal Junction of the Chicken. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:852407. [PMID: 35400114 PMCID: PMC8987988 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.852407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are a new type of mesenchymal cells that have been discovered recently in many organs and tissues. However, studies of TCs in the avian reproductive system are still at the beginning. Chickens are one of the world's most popular domesticated animals, providing inexpensive but valuable proteins and nutrients from chickens and eggs to nourish the human bodies. Chickens have important scientific value; thus, understanding the reproductive system regulations seems to be important. The utero-vaginal junction is involved in the regulation of sperm storage. The sperm storage tube (SST) in the utero-vaginal junction stores sperm. The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence of TCs in the utero-vaginal junction of the chicken, and their structural relationships with the sperm storage tube and surrounding cell types. We studied the morphology, ultrastructure, and immune characterization of TCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhu
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Piotr Pawlicki
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ziyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bernadetta Pawlicka
- Laboratory of Genetics and Evolutionism, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Xiangfei Meng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongchao Feng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Yang
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Telocytes in the Female Reproductive System: Up-to-Date Knowledge, Challenges and Possible Clinical Applications. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020267. [PMID: 35207554 PMCID: PMC8874826 DOI: 10.3390/life12020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
From their initial description in 2005 to this day, telocytes (TCs) have been described in the ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary gland, and placenta. Their morphological features, immunophenotype, physiological functions, and roles in disease have been thoroughly documented in both animal models and human subjects. TCs, with their extremely long cytoplasmic processes called telopodes, play a pivotal role in the morphological and functional interconnection of all the components of the interstitial compartment, but also with constituents of the parenchyma. Although there is no specific immunohistochemical marker for their identification, the most cited are CD 117, CD 34, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), vimentin, and specific markers typical for the female reproductive system (FRS)—estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR). This immunophenotype provides important clues to their physiological roles. Their main functions include the regulation of hormone-dependent processes, intercellular signaling, immune surveillance, microenvironmental maintenance, and the nursing of stem cells. In a situation where TCs are functionally or morphologically decimated, many disease entities may develop, including premature ovarian failure, endometriosis, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, preeclampsia, or even breast cancer. The common denominator of many of these conditions is that their etiopathogenesis is either partially known or completely obscure. Even though the exact role of TCs in these conditions is yet to be revealed, multiple lines of research indicate that their future clinical application may enrich diagnostic-therapeutic strategies of countless conditions. TCs are also heavily debated in terms of their possible use in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Some of the concepts related to TC research are strongly substantiated by experimental data, while others are highly speculative. Only future research endeavors will clearly distinguish dead-end lines of research from genuine contributions to the field.
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Aleksandrovych V, Bereza T, Ulatowska-Białas M, Pasternak A, Walocha JA, Pityński K, Gil K. Identification of PDGFRα+ cells in uterine fibroids - link between angiogenesis and uterine telocytes. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:1329-1337. [PMID: 36160340 PMCID: PMC9479735 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.86795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Telocytes (TCs), also called interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLC), CD34+ cells or PDGFRα+ cells (platelet-derived growth factor receptor α positive cells), a new type of cell of mesenchymal origin, were described over one decade ago. The unique nature of these cells still deserves attention from the scientific community. Telocytes make homo- and heterocellular contact with myocytes, immunocytes and nerves, have their own immunohistochemical and secretome profiles and thus might regulate local regenerative processes including angiogenesis and fibrosis. The aim of our study was to observe the missing link between angiogenesis and telocytes in leiomyoma, the most common benign tumors affecting women of reproductive age. MATERIAL AND METHODS We observed uterine tissue samples from leiomyoma, adjacent myometrium and unchanged tissue from patients with leiomyoma and control subjects using routine histology, histochemistry, immunofluorescence (CD117, CD31, CD34, PDGFRα, tryptase, sFlt-1) and image analysis methods. RESULTS The decline of the telocyte density in the foci of fibroids correlated with poor vascularization inside the leiomyoma. Moreover, the expression of sFlt-1 (anti-angiogenic-related factor) significantly increased inside a fibroid. In leiomyoma the decrease of telocyte and blood micro-vessel density was accompanied by prevalence of collagen deposits, unlike the unchanged myometrium. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate TCs in human uterine fibroids and highlight their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of myometrial pathology in the context of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomasz Bereza
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Artur Pasternak
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy A. Walocha
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Pityński
- Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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The oral mucosa: Epithelial professional phagocytes, lymphatics, telocytes, and false telocytes. Ann Anat 2020; 229:151462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characteristics of telocytes in human scalp tissue. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1693. [PMID: 32015359 PMCID: PMC6997163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58628-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to characterize the location, morphology and ultrastructure of telocytes (TCs) in human scalp tissue. After obtaining approval for this study and informed consent from the patient, a scalp specimen was obtained. The distribution and morphology of TCs in human scalp tissue was assessed by immunohistochemical staining of CD34 and CD117/c-KIT, and the ultrastructure of TCs was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immunohistochemical staining of CD34 revealed that TCs were located in the connective tissue of human scalp, and were concentrated around hair follicles (HFs), blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and adipose lobules. Immunohistochemical staining of CD117 revealed that TCs were mainly located in the dermis of human scalp, surrounding the HFs and sweat glands. Under TEM, TCs were seen and confirmed by their special morphological features. These cells were spindle-shaped, had small cell bodies and long thin processes, and surrounded stem cell clusters in the bulge region of HFs. These results demonstrate that TCs in human scalp were positive for CD34 and CD117, and their strategic positioning surrounding stem cells suggests their possible involvement in local regeneration, remodeling and homeostasis of the skin.
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Beta-Estradiol Regulates Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels and Estrogen Receptors in Telocytes from Human Myometrium. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051413. [PMID: 29747396 PMCID: PMC5983827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels and estrogen receptors are essential players in uterine physiology, and their association with different calcium signaling pathways contributes to healthy and pathological conditions of the uterine myometrium. Among the properties of the various cell subtypes present in human uterine myometrium, there is increasing evidence that calcium oscillations in telocytes (TCs) contribute to contractile activity and pregnancy. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of beta-estradiol on voltage-gated calcium channels and estrogen receptors in TCs from human uterine myometrium and to understand their role in pregnancy. For this purpose, we employed patch-clamp recordings, ratiometric Fura-2-based calcium imaging analysis, and qRT-PCR techniques for the analysis of cultured human myometrial TCs derived from pregnant and non-pregnant uterine samples. In human myometrial TCs from both non-pregnant and pregnant uterus, we evidenced by qRT-PCR the presence of genes encoding for voltage-gated calcium channels (Cav3.1, Ca3.2, Cav3.3, Cav2.1), estrogen receptors (ESR1, ESR2, GPR30), and nuclear receptor coactivator 3 (NCOA3). Pregnancy significantly upregulated Cav3.1 and downregulated Cav3.2, Cav3.3, ESR1, ESR2, and NCOA3, compared to the non-pregnant condition. Beta-estradiol treatment (24 h, 10, 100, 1000 nM) downregulated Cav3.2, Cav3.3, Cav1.2, ESR1, ESR2, GRP30, and NCOA3 in TCs from human pregnant uterine myometrium. We also confirmed the functional expression of voltage-gated calcium channels by patch-clamp recordings and calcium imaging analysis of TCs from pregnant human myometrium by perfusing with BAY K8644, which induced calcium influx through these channels. Additionally, we demonstrated that beta-estradiol (1000 nM) antagonized the effect of BAY K8644 (2.5 or 5 µM) in the same preparations. In conclusion, we evidenced the presence of voltage-gated calcium channels and estrogen receptors in TCs from non-pregnant and pregnant human uterine myometrium and their gene expression regulation by beta-estradiol in pregnant conditions. Further exploration of the calcium signaling in TCs and its modulation by estrogen hormones will contribute to the understanding of labor and pregnancy mechanisms and to the development of effective strategies to reduce the risk of premature birth.
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Rusu MC, Mănoiu VS, Creţoiu D, Creţoiu SM, Vrapciu AD. Stromal cells/telocytes and endothelial progenitors in the perivascular niches of the trigeminal ganglion. Ann Anat 2018; 218:141-155. [PMID: 29680777 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stromal cells/telocytes (SCs/TCs) were recently described in the human adult trigeminal ganglion (TG). As some markers are equally expressed in SCs/TCs and endothelial cells, we hypothesized that a subset of the TG SCs/TCs is in fact represented by endothelial progenitor cells of a myelomonocytic origin. This study aimed to evaluate whether the interstitial cells of the human adult TG correlate with the myelomonocytic lineage. We used primary antibodies for c-erbB2/HER-2, CD31, nestin, CD10, CD117/c-kit, von Willebrand factor (vWF), CD34, Stro-1, CD146, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), CD68, VEGFR-2 and cytokeratin 7 (CK7). The TG pial mesothelium and subpial vascular microstroma expressed c-erbB2/HER-2, CK7 and VEGFR-2. SCs/TCs neighbouring the neuronoglial units (NGUs) also expressed HER-2, which suggests a pial origin. These cells were also positive for CD10, CD31, CD34, CD68 and nestin. Endothelial cells expressed CD10, CD31, CD34, CD146, nestin and vWF. We also found vasculogenic networks with spindle-shaped and stellate endothelial progenitors expressing CD10, CD31, CD34, CD68, CD146 and VEGFR-2. Isolated mesenchymal stromal cells expressed Stro-1, CD146, CK7, c-kit and nestin. Pericytes expressed α-SMA and CD146. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we found endothelial-specific Weibel-Palade bodies in spindle-shaped stromal progenitors. Our study supports the hypothesis that an intrinsic vasculogenic niche potentially involved in microvascular maintenance and repair might be present in the human adult trigeminal ganglion and that it might be supplied by either the pial mesothelium or the bone marrow niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Rusu
- Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; MEDCENTER - Center of Excellence in Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Romania.
| | - V S Mănoiu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - D Creţoiu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Department 2 Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S M Creţoiu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Department 2 Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A D Vrapciu
- Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Jiang XJ, Cretoiu D, Shen ZJ, Yang XJ. An in vitro investigation of telocytes-educated macrophages: morphology, heterocellular junctions, apoptosis and invasion analysis. J Transl Med 2018; 16:85. [PMID: 29615057 PMCID: PMC5883889 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1457-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telocytes (TCs), a recently discovered novel type of interstitial cells, were also found in a wide variety of human and mammalian reproductive organs/tissues, including uterus, oviduct and placenta. Previously, we demonstrated that TCs-conditioned media was capable of activating peritoneal macrophages (pMACs) through paracrine effects. This study investigates the hypothesis that direct interaction of TCs with pMACs will also play a significant role in immunoregulation of pMACs. METHODS TCs and pMACs were derived from the uterus and intraperitoneal cavity of female BALB/c mice, respectively. TCs were identified by immunofluorescence and then co-cultured directly with pMACs for 24 h without added cytokines, to observe the in vitro biological behavior of pMACs. We used histochemical staining to study morphology and mitochondrial metabolism of pMACs, scanning electron microscopy to study heterocellular junctions, flow cytometry to investigate mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and apoptosis, and transwell chambers to study invasion ability. Student-t test was used accordingly. RESULTS Presently, TCs with typical structure and immunophenotype of double CD-34-positive/vimentin-positive were successfully isolated. pMACs co-cultured with TCs showed obviously morphological activation, with enhanced energy metabolism (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, direct physical cell-to-cell interaction promoted the development of heterocellular junctions between TCs and pMACs. Furthermore, TCs treatment markedly reduced the depletion of ΔΨm in co-cultured pMACs (all P < 0.05), and inhibited their apoptosis (P < 0.05). Functionally, pMACs co-cultured with TCs showed enhanced invasion ability (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Direct physical cell-to-cell interaction promoted the development of heterocellular junctions between TCs and pMACs, presumably responsible for the observed novel efficient way of pMACs activation via mitochondrial signaling pathway. TCs-educated pMACs might be a promising way to restore the defective immunosurveillance in endometriosis (EMs), led to the enhanced treatment efficacy of EMs in a simple and clinically feasible fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Materno-Fetal Assistance Excellence Unit, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute of Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Zong-Ji Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Klein M, Urban L, Deckov I, Danisovic L, Polak S, Danihel L, Varga I. Distribution of telocytes in the corpus and cervix of human uterus: an immunohistochemical study. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Varga I, Klein M, Urban L, Danihel L, Polak S, Danihel L. Recently discovered interstitial cells "telocytes" as players in the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas. Med Hypotheses 2017; 110:64-67. [PMID: 29317071 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Uterine telocytes are interstitial cells characterized by a very long cytoplasmic prolongations, which form a 3D network, functionally integrating a wide variety of different cells. Leiomyomas (uterine fibroids) are benign tumors, which pose a huge threat concerning various health problems in women affected by this condition. The exact cause of leiomyomas development is, however, still largely unknown. Therefore, in an attempt to clarify their etiology, we performed an immunohistochemical characterization of telocytes in leiomyomas as well as in normal myometrium. Tissue samples of intramural leiomyomas from 26 women (age 46.26 ± 11.07) were immunohistochemically stained for the expression of c-kit (CD117) antigen, one of the markers of telocytes. C-kit (CD117) antigen is useful for a routine immunohistochemical identification of uterine telocytes in histological sections of myometrium. In normal, healthy myometrium the c-kit positive telocytes occupy approximately 2.2% of the area of a tissue slide, contrasting with no detectable c-kit positive cells within leiomyomas. As telocytes are thought to be key players in the regulation of tissue homoeostasis, our data suggest that uterine telocyte loss may have important implications in the pathogenesis of leiomyomas. In addition, we supposed to summarize three hypotheses on the association of the cells telocytes loss within the myometrium and formation of leiomyomas. These hypotheses include the loss of telocytes' functions as "sex hormone sensors" and regulators of smooth muscle cells cycle; the role of telocytes as progenitor cells for the development of leiomyomas; and the hypothesis of decreased angiogenesis after telocytes' loss with subsequent hypoxia (as a key factor for leiomyomas development).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Varga
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska Street 24, SK-81372 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Martin Klein
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska Street 24, SK-81372 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Urban
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska Street 24, SK-81372 Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, ForLife General Hospital, Medercska Street 39, SK-945 75 Komarno, Slovakia
| | - Ludovit Danihel
- Third Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and Hospital of The Brothers of Saint John of God, Bratislava, Namestie SNP 10, SK-814 65 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stefan Polak
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska Street 24, SK-81372 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludovit Danihel
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Spitalska Street 24, SK-81372 Bratislava, Slovakia
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16
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A new cellular type in invertebrates: first evidence of telocytes in leech Hirudo medicinalis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13580. [PMID: 29051571 PMCID: PMC5648783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes, a peculiar cell type, were recently found in vertebrates. Hence this cell system has been reported as ubiquitous in the bodies of mammals and interpreted as an important player in innate immunity and tissue regeneration, it is reasonable to look for it also in invertebrates, that rely their integrity solely by innate immunity. Here we describe, at morphological and functional level, invertebrate telocytes from the body of leech Hirudo medicinalis (Annelida), suggesting how these cells, forming a resident stromal 3D network, can influence or participate in different events. These findings support the concepts that leech telocytes: i) are organized in a cellular dynamic and versatile 3D network likewise the vertebrate counterpart; ii) are an evolutionarily conserved immune-neuroendocrine system; iii) form an immuno-surveillance system of resident cells responding faster than migrating immunocytes recruited in stimulated area; iv) communicate with neighbouring cells directly and indirectly, via cell-cell contacts and soluble molecules secreted by multivesicular bodies; v) present within neo-vessels, share with immunocytes the mesodermal lineage; vi) are involved in regenerative processes. In conclusion, we propose that HmTCs, integrating so different functions, might explain the innate immune memory and can be associated with several aged related diseases.
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Amaroli A, Benedicenti A, Ravera S, Parker S, Selting W, Panfoli I, Benedicenti S. Short-pulse neodymium:yttrium–aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG 1064 nm) laser irradiation photobiomodulates mitochondria activity and cellular multiplication of Paramecium primaurelia (Protozoa). Eur J Protistol 2017; 61:294-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Cholesterol gallstone disease is highly prevalent in Western countries, particularly in women and some specific ethnic groups. The mechanisms behind the formation of gallstones are not clearly understood, but gallbladder dysmotility seems to be a key factor that triggers the precipitation of cholesterol microcrystals from supersaturated lithogenic bile.Given that newly described interstitial cells, telocytes, are present in the gallbladder and they are located in close vicinity of smooth muscle cell and neural fibers possibly interfering with gallbladder motility or contractility, authors are trying to summarize the current knowledge on the role of telocytes with respect to disturbed gallbladder function in gallstone disease.
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19
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Radu BM, Banciu A, Banciu DD, Radu M, Cretoiu D, Cretoiu SM. Calcium Signaling in Interstitial Cells: Focus on Telocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020397. [PMID: 28208829 PMCID: PMC5343932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we describe the current knowledge on calcium signaling pathways in interstitial cells with a special focus on interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLCs), and telocytes. In detail, we present the generation of Ca2+ oscillations, the inositol triphosphate (IP3)/Ca2+ signaling pathway and modulation exerted by cytokines and vasoactive agents on calcium signaling in interstitial cells. We discuss the physiology and alterations of calcium signaling in interstitial cells, and in particular in telocytes. We describe the physiological contribution of calcium signaling in interstitial cells to the pacemaking activity (e.g., intestinal, urinary, uterine or vascular pacemaking activity) and to the reproductive function. We also present the pathological contribution of calcium signaling in interstitial cells to the aortic valve calcification or intestinal inflammation. Moreover, we summarize the current knowledge of the role played by calcium signaling in telocytes in the uterine, cardiac and urinary physiology, and also in various pathologies, including immune response, uterine and cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Mihaela Radu
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona 37134, Italy.
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest 050095, Romania.
| | - Adela Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest 050095, Romania.
- Research Beyond Limits, Dimitrie Cantemir 15, Bucharest 040234, Romania.
- Engineering Faculty, Constantin Brancusi University, Calea Eroilor 30, Targu Jiu 210135, Romania.
| | - Daniel Dumitru Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest 050095, Romania.
- Research Beyond Limits, Dimitrie Cantemir 15, Bucharest 040234, Romania.
| | - Mihai Radu
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona 37134, Italy.
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului 30, P.O. Box MG-6, Magurele 077125, Romania.
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Division of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania.
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania.
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Division of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania.
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania.
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20
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Cretoiu D, Radu BM, Banciu A, Banciu DD, Cretoiu SM. Telocytes heterogeneity: From cellular morphology to functional evidence. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 64:26-39. [PMID: 27569187 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs), located ubiquitously in the internal organs of vertebrates, are a heterogeneous, recently described, cell population of the stromal space. Characterized by lengthy cytoplasmic extensions that can reach tens of microns and are called telopodes (Tps), TCs are difficult to see using conventional microscopes. It was the electron microscopy which led to their first identification and Popescu's team the first responsible for the reconstructions indicating TCs 'organization' in a three-dimensional (3D) network that is believed to be accountable for the complex roles of TCs. Gradually, it became increasingly evident that TCs are difficult to characterize in terms of immunophenotype and that their phenotype is different depending on the location and needs of the tissue at one time. This review discusses the growing body of evidence accumulated since TCs were discovered and highlights how the complex interplay between TCs and stem cells might be of importance for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragos Cretoiu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania; 'Victor Babes' National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania
| | - Beatrice Mihaela Radu
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy; Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050095, Romania
| | - Adela Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050095, Romania
| | - Daniel Dumitru Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 050095, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania; 'Victor Babes' National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania.
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21
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Cretoiu D, Xu J, Xiao J, Cretoiu SM. Telocytes and Their Extracellular Vesicles-Evidence and Hypotheses. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1322. [PMID: 27529228 PMCID: PMC5000719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Entering the new millennium, nobody believed that there was the possibility of discovering a new cellular type. Nevertheless, telocytes (TCs) were described as a novel kind of interstitial cell. Ubiquitously distributed in the extracellular matrix of any tissue, TCs are regarded as cells with telopodes involved in intercellular communication by direct homo- and heterocellular junctions or by extracellular vesicle (EVs) release. Their discovery has aroused the interest of many research groups worldwide, and many researchers regard them as potentially regenerative cells. Given the experience of our laboratory, where these cells were first described, we review the evidence supporting the fact that TCs release EVs, and discuss alternative hypotheses about their future implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragos Cretoiu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania.
- Victor Babeş National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania.
| | - Jiahong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Sanda M Cretoiu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania.
- Victor Babeş National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania.
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22
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Cretoiu D, Cretoiu SM. Telocytes in the reproductive organs: Current understanding and future challenges. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 55:40-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Rusu MC, Cretoiu D, Vrapciu AD, Hostiuc S, Dermengiu D, Manoiu VS, Cretoiu SM, Mirancea N. Telocytes of the human adult trigeminal ganglion. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 32:199-207. [PMID: 27147447 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are typically defined as cells with telopodes by their ultrastructural features. Their presence was reported in various organs, however little is known about their presence in human trigeminal ganglion. To address this issue, samples of trigeminal ganglia were tested by immunocytochemistry for CD34 and examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We found that TCs are CD34 positive and form networks within the ganglion in close vicinity to microvessels and nerve fibers around the neuronal-glial units (NGUs). TEM examination confirmed the existence of spindle-shaped and bipolar TCs with one or two telopodes measuring between 15 to 53 μm. We propose that TCs are cells with stemness capacity which might contribute in regeneration and repair processes by: modulation of the stem cell activity or by acting as progenitors of other cells present in the normal tissue. In addition, further studies are needed to establish if they might influence the neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugurel Constantin Rusu
- Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,International Society of Regenerative Medicine and Surgery (ISRMS), Bucharest, Romania.,MEDCENTER - Center of Excellence in Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Department 2 Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Diana Vrapciu
- Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Hostiuc
- Division of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Department 2 Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Dermengiu
- Division of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Department 2 Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Forensic Pathology, National Institute of Legal Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vasile Sorin Manoiu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Department 2 Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. .,Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Nicolae Mirancea
- Institute of Biology of Bucharest, The Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania.
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Aleksandrovych V, Walocha JA, Gil K. Telocytes in female reproductive system (human and animal). J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:994-1000. [PMID: 27060783 PMCID: PMC4882995 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are a newly discovered type of cell with numerous functions. They have been found in a large variety of organs: heart (endo‐, myo‐, epi‐ and pericardium, myocardial sleeves, heart valves); digestive tract and annex glands (oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, liver, gallbladder, salivary gland, exocrine pancreas); respiratory system (trachea and lungs); urinary system (kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, urethra); female reproductive system (uterus, Fallopian tube, placenta, mammary gland); vasculature (blood vessels, thoracic duct); serous membranes (mesentery and pleura); and other organs (skeletal muscle, meninges and choroid plexus, neuromuscular spindles, fascia lata, skin, eye, prostate, bone marrow). Likewise, TCs are widely distributed in vertebrates (fish, reptiles, birds, mammals, including human). This review summarizes particular features of TCs in the female reproductive system, emphasizing their involvement in physiological and pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerzy A Walocha
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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25
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Cretoiu D, Gherghiceanu M, Hummel E, Zimmermann H, Simionescu O, Popescu LM. FIB-SEM tomography of human skin telocytes and their extracellular vesicles. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 19:714-22. [PMID: 25823591 PMCID: PMC4395186 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown in 2012 the existence of telocytes (TCs) in human dermis. TCs were described by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as interstitial cells located in non-epithelial spaces (stroma) of many organs (see www.telocytes.com). TCs have very long prolongations (tens to hundreds micrometers) named Telopodes (Tps). These Tps have a special conformation with dilated portions named podoms (containing mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and caveolae) and very thin segments (below resolving power of light microscopy), called podomers. To show the real 3D architecture of TC network, we used the most advanced available electron microscope technology: focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) tomography. Generally, 3D reconstruction of dermal TCs by FIB-SEM tomography revealed the existence of Tps with various conformations: (i) long, flattened irregular veils (ribbon-like segments) with knobs, corresponding to podoms, and (ii) tubular structures (podomers) with uneven calibre because of irregular dilations (knobs) – the podoms. FIB-SEM tomography also showed numerous extracellular vesicles (diameter 438.6 ± 149.1 nm, n = 30) released by a human dermal TC. Our data might be useful for understanding the role(s) of TCs in intercellular signalling and communication, as well as for comprehension of pathologies like scleroderma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragos Cretoiu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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26
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Li YY, Lu SS, Xu T, Zhang HQ, Li H. Comparative Analysis of Telomerase Activity in CD117⁺ CD34⁺ Cardiac Telocytes with Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cardiac Fibroblasts and Cardiomyocytes. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:1942-7. [PMID: 26168836 PMCID: PMC4717931 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.160560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study characterized the cardiac telocyte (TC) population both in vivo and in vitro, and investigated its telomerase activity related to mitosis. Methods: Using transmission electron microscopy and a phase contrast microscope, the typical morphological features of cardiac TCs were observed; by targeting the cell surface proteins CD117 and CD34, CD117+CD34+ cardiac TCs were sorted via flow cytometry and validated by immunofluorescence based on the primary cell culture. Then the optimized basal nutrient medium for selected population was examined with the cell counting kit 8. Under this conditioned medium, the process of cell division was captured, and the telomerase activity of CD117+CD34+ cardiac TCs was detected in comparison with bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), cardiac fibroblasts (CFBs), cardiomyocytes (CMs). Results: Cardiac TCs projected characteristic telopodes with thin segments (podomers) in alternation with dilation (podoms). In addition, 64% of the primary cultured cardiac TCs were composed of CD117+CD34+ cardiac TCs; which was verified by immunofluorescence. In a live cell imaging system, CD117+CD34+ cardiac TCs were observed to enter into cell division in a short time, followed by an significant invagination forming across the middle of the cell body. Using a real-time quantitative telomeric-repeat amplification assay, the telomerase concentration in CD117+CD34+ cardiac TCs was obviously lower than in BMSCs and CFBs, and significantly higher than in CMs. Conclusions: Cardiac TCs represent a unique cell population and CD117+CD34+ cardiac TCs have relative low telomerase activity that differs from BMSCs, CFBs and CMs and thus they might play an important role in maintaining cardiac homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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27
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Boos AM, Weigand A, Brodbeck R, Beier JP, Arkudas A, Horch RE. The potential role of telocytes in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 55:70-8. [PMID: 26805441 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Research and ideas for potential applications in the field of Tissue Engineering (TE) and Regenerative Medicine (RM) have been constantly increasing over recent years, basically driven by the fundamental human dream of repairing and regenerating lost tissue and organ functions. The basic idea of TE is to combine cells with putative stem cell properties with extracellular matrix components, growth factors and supporting matrices to achieve independently growing tissue. As a side effect, in the past years, more insights have been gained into cell-cell interaction and how to manipulate cell behavior. However, to date the ideal cell source has still to be found. Apart from commonly known various stem cell sources, telocytes (TC) have recently attracted increasing attention because they might play a potential role for TE and RM. It becomes increasingly evident that TC provide a regenerative potential and act in cellular communication through their network-forming telopodes. While TE in vitro experiments can be the first step, the key for elucidating their regenerative role will be the investigation of the interaction of TC with the surrounding tissue. For later clinical applications further steps have to include an upscaling process of vascularization of engineered tissue. Arteriovenous loop models to vascularize such constructs provide an ideal platform for preclinical testing of future therapeutic concepts in RM. The following review article should give an overview of what is known so far about the potential role of TC in TE and RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja M Boos
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Annika Weigand
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rebekka Brodbeck
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Krankenhausstr. 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Immunohistochemistry of Telocytes in the Uterus and Fallopian Tubes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 913:335-357. [PMID: 27796898 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1061-3_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The seminal work of Popescu and colleagues first demonstrated the existence of a new cell type - the telocytes. We were among the first who reported the presence of such cells in the female genital tract and performed TEM examinations, as well as immunohistochemical staining in the attempt to find a specific marker. Telocytes from rat and from the human uterus and from human fallopian tube were extensively investigated initially by comparison with interstitial cells of Cajal. Progress in telocyte research led to the identification of different subtypes suggestive for a heterogeneous telocyte population which can even coexist in the same location. As a consequence, the functions of TCs are still elusive and can be considered a versatile phenomenon that depends on a variety of conditions, including signal reception and transmission of information via extracellular vesicles or by direct intercellular contact.
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Banciu DD, Banciu A, Radu BM. Electrophysiological Features of Telocytes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 913:287-302. [PMID: 27796895 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1061-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are interstitial cells described in multiple structures, including the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract, uterus, and heart. Several studies have indicated the possibility that TCs are involved in the pacemaker potential in these organs. It is supposed that TCs are interacting with the neighboring muscular cells and their network contributes to the initiation and propagation of the electrical potentials. In order to understand the contribution of TCs to various excitability mechanisms, it is necessary to analyze the plasma membrane proteins (e.g., ion channels) functionally expressed in these cells. So far, potassium, calcium, and chloride currents, but not sodium currents, have been described in TCs in primary cell culture from different tissues. Moreover, TCs have been described as sensors for mechanical stimuli (e.g., contraction, extension, etc.). In conclusion, TCs might play an essential role in gastrointestinal peristalsis, in respiration, in pregnant uterus contraction, or in miction, but further highlighting studies are necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms and the cell-cell interactions by which TCs contribute to the tissue excitability and pacemaker potentials initiation/propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dumitru Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest, 050095, Romania
| | - Adela Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest, 050095, Romania
| | - Beatrice Mihaela Radu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest, 050095, Romania. .,Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona, 37134, Italy.
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Díaz-Flores L, Gutiérrez R, González-Gómez M, Díaz-Flores L, Valladares F, Rancel N, Sáez FJ, Madrid JF. Telocyte Behaviour During Inflammation, Repair and Tumour Stroma Formation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 913:177-191. [PMID: 27796888 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1061-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, we outline the role of human CD34+ stromal cells/telocytes (CD34+ SC/TCs) as progenitor cells during repair. The in vivo activation phenomena of CD34+ SC/TCs in this process include increased size; separation from the neighbouring structures (mainly of the vascular walls); association with inflammatory cells, predominantly macrophages; development of the organelles of synthesis (rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus); cell proliferation with presence of mitosis and high proliferative index (transit-amplifying cells); and fibroblastic and myofibroblastic differentiation. A procedure to study these tissue-resident cells, comparison of their behaviour in vivo and in vitro and different behaviour depending on location, time, type of injury (including tumour stroma) and greater or lesser proximity to the injury are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Díaz-Flores
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology, Histology and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - R Gutiérrez
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology, Histology and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - M González-Gómez
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology, Histology and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - L Díaz-Flores
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology, Histology and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - F Valladares
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology, Histology and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - N Rancel
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology, Histology and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - F J Sáez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, UFI11/44, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - J F Madrid
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence, "Campus Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Wang J, Jin M, Ma WH, Zhu Z, Wang X. The History of Telocyte Discovery and Understanding. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 913:1-21. [PMID: 27796877 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1061-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are identified as a peculiar cell type of interstitial cells in various organs. The typical features of TCs from the other cells are the extending cellular process as telopodes with alternation of podomeres and podoms. Before the year of 2010, TCs were considered as interstitial Cajal-like cells because of the similar morphology and immunohistochemical features with interstitial cells of Cajal which were found more than 100 years ago and considered to be pacemakers for gut motility. Subsequently, it demonstrated that TCs were not Cajal-like cells, and thus the new name "telocyte" was proposed in 2010. With the help of different techniques, e.g., transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, or omics science, TCs have been detected in various tissues and organs from different species. The pathological role of TCs in different diseases was also studied. According to observation in situ or in vitro, TCs played a vital role in mechanical support, signaling transduction, tissue renewal or repair, immune surveillance, and mechanical sensor via establishing homo- or heterogenous junctions with neighboring cells to form 3D network or release extracellular vesicles to form juxtacrine and paracrine. This review will introduce the origin, distribution, morphology, functions, omics science, methods, and interaction of TCs with other cells and provide a better understanding of the new cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Clinical Science Institute of Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiling Jin
- Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Clinical Science Institute of Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Huan Ma
- Zhabei District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yanchang Middle Road No. 288, Jingan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhitu Zhu
- Jinzhou Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou, China.
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Clinical Science Institute of Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Shim W. Myocardial Telocytes: A New Player in Electric Circuitry of the Heart. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 913:241-251. [PMID: 27796892 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1061-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The heart is an electrically conducting organ with networked bioelectric currents that transverse a large segment of interstitial space interspersed with the muscular parenchyma. Non-excitable connective cells in the interstitial space contributed importantly to many structural, biochemical, and physiological activities of cardiac homeostasis. However, contribution of interstitial cells in the cardiac niche has long been neglected. Telocyte is recently recognized as a distinct class of interstitial cell that resides in a wide array of tissues including in the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium of the heart. They are increasingly described to conduct ionic currents that may have significant implications in bioelectric signaling. In this review, we highlight the significance of telocytes in such connectivity and conductivity within the interstitial bioelectric network in tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston Shim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Singapore.
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
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Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are a novel type of interstitial cells, with extremely long and thin cellular prolongations termed telopodes (Tps). TCs were first identified by Popescu et al. and described their finding as "cells with telopodes." The presence of TCs has been reported in the majority of tissues and organs (for details please visit www.telocytes.com ). TCs have been ignored or overlooked for a long time due to our inability to observe these cells via a light microscopy. TCs represent a distinct cell population, different from other types of interstitial cells, based on their distinct (ultra)structure, immunophenotype, microRNA profile, gene feature, proteome signature, and secretome features. As TCs have been suggested as new cellular targets for forthcoming therapies, developing specific methods to modulate TC numbers represents an important objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Xiao
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Yihua Bei
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, 333 Nan Chen Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
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Cretoiu D. The Third Dimension of Telocytes Revealed by FIB-SEM Tomography. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 913:325-334. [PMID: 27796897 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1061-3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lately, spatial three-dimensional (3D) identity of cells and their interrelations with the environment that surrounds it represent a challenging trend with the purpose to achieve a holistic view over the functions. Combining data from different imaging of cells in the third dimension can offer insight into behavior modalities making a world of difference. This chapter outlines a breakthrough in telocyte research by volume electron microscopy with the aid of focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). Reconstructing 3D (three-dimensional) appearance of telocytes from a set of two-dimensional (2D) images by FIB-SEM tomography allowed to extract valuable data about their volume in nanoscale dimensions such as the three-dimensional morphology of telopodes and extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragos Cretoiu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, 050096, Romania. .,Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, 050474, Romania.
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35
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Yang XJ. Telocytes in Inflammatory Gynaecologic Diseases and Infertility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 913:263-285. [PMID: 27796894 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1061-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Women suffered with inflammatory gynecologic diseases, such as endometriosis (EMs) and acute salpingitis (AS) often complained of sub- or infertility, even in those women without obvious macroscopic anatomical pelvic abnormalities also have unexplained infertility. Generally, besides the well-known impairment of classically described oviduct cells caused by inflammatory diseases, such as the ciliated cells, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, the involvement of the newly identified telocytes (TCs) in disease-affected oviduct tissues and potential pathophysiological roles in fertility problems remain unknown. In this chapter, TCs was investigated in rat model of EMs- and AS-affected oviduct tissues. Results showed inflammation and ischaemia-induced extensive ultrastructural damages of TCs both in cellular body and prolongations, with obvious TCs loss and interstitial fibrotic remodelling. Such in vivo pathological alterations might contribute to structural and functional abnormalities of oviduct tissue and potentially engaged in sub- or infertility. And especially, TCs connected to various activated immunocytes in both normal and diseased tissues, thus might participate in local immunoregulation (either repression or activation) and serve a possible explanation for immune-mediated pregnancy failure. Then, in vitro cell co-culture study showed that uterine TC conditioned media (TCM) can activate mouse peritoneal macrophages and subsequently trigger its cytokine secretion, thus providepreliminary evidence that, TCs are not simply innocent bystanders, but are instead potential functional players in local immunoregulatory and immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 215006, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Song D, Cretoiu D, Zheng M, Qian M, Zhang M, Cretoiu SM, Chen L, Fang H, Popescu LM, Wang X. Comparison of Chromosome 4 gene expression profile between lung telocytes and other local cell types. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 20:71-80. [PMID: 26678350 PMCID: PMC4717865 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are new cellular entities of mesenchymal origin described almost ubiquitously in human and mammalian organs (www.telocytes.com). Different subtypes of TCs were described, all forming networks in the interstitial space by homo- and heterocellular junctions. Previous studies analysed the gene expression profiles of chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 17 and 18 of murine pulmonary TCs. In this study, we analysed by bioinformatics tools the gene expression profiles of chromosome 4 for murine pulmonary TCs and compared it with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), fibroblasts (Fbs), alveolar type II cells (ATII), airway basal cells, proximal airway cells, CD8(+) T cells from bronchial lymph nodes (T-BL) and CD8(+) T cells from lungs (T-L). Key functional genes were identified with the aid of the reference library of the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus database. Seventeen genes were up-regulated and 56 genes were down-regulated in chromosome 4 of TCs compared with other cells. Four genes (Akap2, Gpr153, Sdc3 and Tbc1d2) were up-regulated between one and fourfold and one gene, Svep1, was overexpressed over fourfold. The main functional networks were identified and analysed, pointing out to a TCs involvement in cellular signalling, regulation of tissue inflammation and cell expansion and movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Song
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai, China
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Victor Babeş National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Minghuan Zheng
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjia Qian
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai, China
| | - Sanda M Cretoiu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Victor Babeş National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luonan Chen
- State Key Lab of Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital and Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Laurentiu M Popescu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Victor Babeş National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Shanghai, China
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Chi C, Jiang XJ, Su L, Shen ZJ, Yang XJ. In vitro morphology, viability and cytokine secretion of uterine telocyte-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2741-50. [PMID: 26471943 PMCID: PMC4687714 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs), a distinct interstitial cell population, have been identified in the uterus, oviduct and placenta, with multiple proposed potential biological functions. Their unique structure allows them to form intercellular junctions with various immunocytes, both in normal and diseased tissues, suggesting a potential functional relationship with the local immune response. It has been hypothesized that through direct heterocellular junctions or indirect paracrine effects, TCs influence the activity of local immunocytes that are involved in the inflammatory process and in immune-mediated reproductive abnormalities. However, no reliable cytological evidence for this hypothesis is currently available. In this study, we cultured primary murine uterine TCs and collected TC conditioned media (TCM). Mouse peritoneal macrophages (pMACs) were co-cultured for 48 hrs with TCM or with DMEM/F12 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as negative and positive controls, respectively. Normal uterine TCs with a typical structure and a CD-34-positive/vimentin-positive/c-kit-negative immunophenotype were observed during culture. Morphologically, TCM-treated pMACs displayed an obvious activation/immunoresponse, in contrast to over-stimulation and cell death after LPS treatment and no sign of activation in the presence of DMEM/F12. Accordingly, a cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay indicated significant activation of pMACs by TCM and LPS compared to DMEM/F12, thus supporting the marked morphological differences among these groups of cells. Furthermore, within a panel of macrophage-derived cytokines/enzymes, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase were significantly elevated in TCM-treated pMACs; tumour necrosis factor α, IL1-R1, and IL-10 were slightly, but significantly, up-regulated; and no changes were observed for transforming growth factor-β1, IL-1β, IL-23α and IL-18. Our results indicate that TCs are not simply innocent bystanders but are rather functional players in the activation of pMACs; they trigger and maintain the immune response, likely through indirect paracrine effects. Thus, we provide preliminary in vitro evidence of immunoregulatory and immunosurveillance roles for TCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Zong-Ji Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu province, China
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38
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Telopodes of telocytes are influenced in vitro by redox conditions and ageing. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 410:165-74. [PMID: 26335900 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are a novel cell type identified among interstitial cells in various organs. TCs are characterized by very long cell processes (tens to hundreds micrometres) named telopodes (Tps) with uneven calibre: dilations (podoms) and very thin segments (podomers). However, little is known about the factors which influence Tps conformation. Recently, extracellular matrix proteins were found to influence Tps extension, adherence and spreading. Here, we show that oxidative stress and ageing influence formation of new Tps of TCs cultivated from human non-pregnant myometrium. Using real-time videomicroscopy, we found that ageing the TCs to passage 21 increased the ratio of Tps/TC number with about 50 %, whereas oxidative stress hindered formation of new Tps in both aged and young TCs (passage 7). Under oxidative stress, newly formed cell processes were up to 25 % shorter. Migration pathway length was decreased by 30-40 % for both young and aged cells in an oxidative stress environment. Contrary, addition of N-acetyl cysteine in cell culture medium shifted TCs morphology to a long and slender profile. In conclusion, we showed that TCs specific morphology in vitro is influenced by oxidative status balance, as well as ageing.
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39
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Albulescu R, Tanase C, Codrici E, Popescu DI, Cretoiu SM, Popescu LM. The secretome of myocardial telocytes modulates the activity of cardiac stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1783-94. [PMID: 26176909 PMCID: PMC4549029 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are interstitial cells that are present in numerous organs, including the heart interstitial space and cardiac stem cell niche. TCs are completely different from fibroblasts. TCs release extracellular vesicles that may interact with cardiac stem cells (CSCs) via paracrine effects. Data on the secretory profile of TCs and the bidirectional shuttle vesicular signalling mechanism between TCs and CSCs are scarce. We aimed to characterize and understand the in vitro effect of the TC secretome on CSC fate. Therefore, we studied the protein secretory profile using supernatants from mouse cultured cardiac TCs. We also performed a comparative secretome analysis using supernatants from rat cultured cardiac TCs, a pure CSC line and TCs-CSCs in co-culture using (i) high-sensitivity on-chip electrophoresis, (ii) surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and (iii) multiplex analysis by Luminex-xMAP. We identified several highly expressed molecules in the mouse cardiac TC secretory profile: interleukin (IL)-6, VEGF, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), MIP-2 and MCP-1, which are also present in the proteome of rat cardiac TCs. In addition, rat cardiac TCs secrete a slightly greater number of cytokines, IL-2, IL-10, IL-13 and some chemokines like, GRO-KC. We found that VEGF, IL-6 and some chemokines (all stimulated by IL-6 signalling) are secreted by cardiac TCs and overexpressed in co-cultures with CSCs. The expression levels of MIP-2 and MIP-1α increased twofold and fourfold, respectively, when TCs were co-cultured with CSCs, while the expression of IL-2 did not significantly differ between TCs and CSCs in mono culture and significantly decreased (twofold) in the co-culture system. These data suggest that the TC secretome plays a modulatory role in stem cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Albulescu
- Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, Victor Babeş National Institute of PathologyBucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Chemical Pharmaceutical Research & DevelopmentBucharest, Romania
| | - Cristiana Tanase
- Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, Victor Babeş National Institute of PathologyBucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Codrici
- Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, Victor Babeş National Institute of PathologyBucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela I Popescu
- Biochemistry-Proteomics Department, Victor Babeş National Institute of PathologyBucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda M Cretoiu
- Division of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest, Romania
- Department of Ultrastructural Pathology, Victor Babeş National Institute of PathologyBucharest, Romania
| | - Laurentiu M Popescu
- Division of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest, Romania
- Department of Advanced Studies, Victor Babeş National Institute of PathologyBucharest, Romania
- * Correspondence to: Laurentiu M. POPESCU, MD, PhD, E-mail:
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Bei Y, Wang F, Yang C, Xiao J. Telocytes in regenerative medicine. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1441-54. [PMID: 26059693 PMCID: PMC4511344 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are a distinct type of interstitial cells characterized by a small cell body and extremely long and thin telopodes (Tps). The presence of TCs has been documented in many tissues and organs (go to http://www.telocytes.com). Functionally, TCs form a three-dimensional (3D) interstitial network by homocellular and heterocellular communication and are involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. As important interstitial cells to guide or nurse putative stem and progenitor cells in stem cell niches in a spectrum of tissues and organs, TCs contribute to tissue repair and regeneration. This review focuses on the latest progresses regarding TCs in the repair and regeneration of different tissues and organs, including heart, lung, skeletal muscle, skin, meninges and choroid plexus, eye, liver, uterus and urinary system. By targeting TCs alone or in tandem with stem cells, we might promote regeneration and prevent the evolution to irreversible tissue damage. Exploring pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods to enhance the growth of TCs would be a novel therapeutic strategy besides exogenous transplantation for many diseased disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Bei
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Changqing Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai UniversityShanghai, China
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Zheng Y, Cretoiu D, Yan G, Cretoiu SM, Popescu LM, Fang H, Wang X. Protein profiling of human lung telocytes and microvascular endothelial cells using iTRAQ quantitative proteomics. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 18:1035-59. [PMID: 25059386 PMCID: PMC4508144 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are described as a particular type of cells of the interstitial space (www.telocytes.com). Their main characteristics are the very long telopodes with alternating podoms and podomers. Recently, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of human lung TCs with fibroblasts, demonstrating that TCs are clearly a distinct cell type. Therefore, the present study aims to reinforce this idea by comparing lung TCs with endothelial cells (ECs), since TCs and ECs share immunopositivity for CD34. We applied isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) combined with automated 2-D nano-ESI LC-MS/MS to analyse proteins extracted from TCs and ECs in primary cell cultures. In total, 1609 proteins were identified in cell cultures. 98 proteins (the 5th day), and 82 proteins (10th day) were confidently quantified (screened by two-sample t-test, P < 0.05) as up- or down-regulated (fold change >2). We found that in TCs there are 38 up-regulated proteins at the 5th day and 26 up-regulated proteins at the 10th day. Bioinformatics analysis using Panther revealed that the 38 proteins associated with TCs represented cellular functions such as intercellular communication (via vesicle mediated transport) and structure morphogenesis, being mainly cytoskeletal proteins and oxidoreductases. In addition, we found 60 up-regulated proteins in ECs e.g.: cell surface glycoprotein MUC18 (15.54-fold) and von Willebrand factor (5.74-fold). The 26 up-regulated proteins in TCs at 10th day, were also analysed and confirmed the same major cellular functions, while the 56 down-regulated proteins confirmed again their specificity for ECs. In conclusion, we report here the first extensive comparison of proteins from TCs and ECs using a quantitative proteomics approach. Our data show that TCs are completely different from ECs. Protein expression profile showed that TCs play specific roles in intercellular communication and intercellular signalling. Moreover, they might inhibit the oxidative stress and cellular ageing and may have pro-proliferative effects through the inhibition of apoptosis. The group of proteins identified in this study needs to be explored further for the role in pathogenesis of lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Zheng
- Fudan University Center for Clinical Bioinformatics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yang J, Chi C, Liu Z, Yang G, Shen ZJ, Yang XJ. Ultrastructure damage of oviduct telocytes in rat model of acute salpingitis. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1720-8. [PMID: 25753567 PMCID: PMC4511368 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute salpingitis (AS) is an inflammatory disease which causes severe damage to a subset of classically described cells lining in oviduct wall and contributes to interstitial fibrosis and fertility problems. Telocytes (TCs), a newly discovered peculiar type of stromal cells, have been identified in many organs, including oviduct, with proposed multiple potential bio-functions. However, with recent increasing reports regarding TCs alterations in disease-affected tissues, there is still lack of evidence about TCs involvement in AS-affected oviduct tissues and potential pathophysiological roles. We presently identified normal TCs by their characteristic ultrastructural features and immunophenotype. However, in AS-affected oviduct tissues, TCs displayed multiple ultrastructural damage both in cellular body and prolongations, with obvious loss of TCs and development of tissue fibrosis. Furthermore, TCs lose their interstitial 3-D network connected by homocellular or heterocellular junctions between TCs and adjacent cells. And especially, TCs connected to the activated immunocytes (mononuclear cells, eosinophils) and affected local immune state (repression or activation). Meanwhile, massive neutrophils infiltration and overproduced Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), COX-2, suggested mechanism of inflammatory-induced TCs damage. Consequently, TCs damage might contribute to AS-induced structural and reproductive functional abnormalities of oviduct, probably via: (i) substances, energy and functional insufficiency, presumably, e.g. TC-specific genetic material profiles, ion channels, cytoskeletal elements, Tps dynamics, etc., (ii) impaired TCs-mediated multicellular signalling, such as homeostasis/angiogenesis, tissue repair/regeneration, neurotransmission, (iii) derangement of 3-D network and impaired mechanical support for TCs-mediated multicellular signals within the stromal compartment, consequently induced interstitial fibrosis, (iv) involvement in local inflammatory process/ immunoregulation and possibly immune-mediated early pregnancy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chi Chi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Lab Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zong-Ji Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Bei Y, Zhou Q, Fu S, Lv D, Chen P, Chen Y, Wang F, Xiao J. Cardiac telocytes and fibroblasts in primary culture: different morphologies and immunophenotypes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115991. [PMID: 25693182 PMCID: PMC4333820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs) are a peculiar type of interstitial cells with very long prolongations termed telopodes. TCs have previously been identified in different anatomic structures of the heart, and have also been isolated and cultured from heart tissues in vitro. TCs and fibroblasts, both located in the interstitial spaces of the heart, have different morphologies and functionality. However, other than microscopic observation, a reliable means to make differential diagnosis of cardiac TCs from fibroblasts remains unclear. In the present study, we isolated and cultured cardiac TCs and fibroblasts from heart tissues, and observed their different morphological features and immunophenotypes in primary culture. Morphologically, TCs had extremely long and thin telopodes with moniliform aspect, stretched away from cell bodies, while cell processes of fibroblasts were short, thick and cone shaped. Furthermore, cardiac TCs were positive for CD34/c-kit, CD34/vimentin, and CD34/PDGFR-β, while fibroblasts were only vimentin and PDGFR-β positive. In addition, TCs were also different from pericytes as TCs were CD34 positive and α-SMA weak positive while pericytes were CD34 negative but α-SMA positive. Besides that, we also showed cardiac TCs were homogenously positive for mesenchymal marker CD29 but negative for hematopoietic marker CD45, indicating that TCs could be a source of cardiac mesenchymal cells. The differences in morphological features and immunophenotypes between TCs and fibroblasts will provide more compelling evidence to differentiate cardiac TCs from fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Bei
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qiulian Zhou
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Siyi Fu
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Dongchao Lv
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Experimental Center of Life Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
- * E-mail:
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Roatesi I, Radu BM, Cretoiu D, Cretoiu SM. Uterine Telocytes: A Review of Current Knowledge. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:10. [PMID: 25695721 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.125906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs), a novel cell type, are briefly defined as interstitial cells with telopodes (Tps). However, a specific immunocytochemical marker has not yet been found; therefore, electron microscopy is currently the only accurate method for identifying TCs. TCs are considered to have a mesenchymal origin. Recently proteomic analysis, microarray-based gene expression analysis, and the micro-RNA signature clearly showed that TCs are different from fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and endothelial cells. The dynamics of Tps were also revealed, and some electrophysiological properties of TCs were described (such as membrane capacitance, input resistance, membrane resting potential, and absence of action potentials correlated with different ionic currents characteristics), which can be used to distinguish uterine TCs from smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Here, we briefly present the most recent findings on the characteristics of TCs and their functions in human pregnant and nonpregnant uteri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iurie Roatesi
- Victor Babeş National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania Division of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Beatrice Mihaela Radu
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Victor Babeş National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania Division of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Victor Babeş National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania Division of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Popescu LM, Curici A, Wang E, Zhang H, Hu S, Gherghiceanu M. Telocytes and putative stem cells in ageing human heart. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 19:31-45. [PMID: 25545142 PMCID: PMC4288347 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tradition considers that mammalian heart consists of about 70% non-myocytes (interstitial cells) and 30% cardiomyocytes (CMs). Anyway, the presence of telocytes (TCs) has been overlooked, since they were described in 2010 (visit http://www.telocytes.com). Also, the number of cardiac stem cells (CSCs) has not accurately estimated in humans during ageing. We used electron microscopy to identify and estimate the number of cells in human atrial myocardium (appendages). Three age-related groups were studied: newborns (17 days–1 year), children (6–17 years) and adults (34–60 years). Morphometry was performed on low-magnification electron microscope images using computer-assisted technology. We found that interstitial area gradually increases with age from 31.3 ± 4.9% in newborns to 41 ± 5.2% in adults. Also, the number of blood capillaries (per mm2) increased with several hundreds in children and adults versus newborns. CMs are the most numerous cells, representing 76% in newborns, 88% in children and 86% in adults. Images of CMs mitoses were seen in the 17-day newborns. Interestingly, no lipofuscin granules were found in CMs of human newborns and children. The percentage of cells that occupy interstitium were (depending on age): endothelial cells 52–62%; vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes 22–28%, Schwann cells with nerve endings 6–7%, fibroblasts 3–10%, macrophages 1–8%, TCs about 1% and stem cells less than 1%. We cannot confirm the popular belief that cardiac fibroblasts are the most prevalent cell type in the heart and account for about 20% of myocardial volume. Numerically, TCs represent a small fraction of human cardiac interstitial cells, but because of their extensive telopodes, they achieve a 3D network that, for instance, supports CSCs. The myocardial (very) low capability to regenerate may be explained by the number of CSCs, which decreases fivefold by age (from 0.5% to 0.1% in newborns versus adults).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurentiu M Popescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Division of Advanced Studies, 'Victor Babeş' National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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Cretoiu SM, Popescu LM. Telocytes revisited. Biomol Concepts 2014; 5:353-69. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2014-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTelocytes (TCs) are a novel interstitial (stromal) cell type described in many tissues and organs (www.telocytes.com). A TC is characterized by a small cell body (9–15 μm) and a variable number (one to five) of extremely long and thin telopodes (Tps), with alternating regions of podomers (∼80 nm) and podoms (250–300 nm). Tps are interconnected by homo- and heterocellular junctions and form three-dimensional networks. Moreover, Tps release three types of extracellular vesicles: exosomes, ectosomes, and multivesicular cargos, which are involved in paracrine signaling. Different techniques have been used to characterize TCs, from classical methods (light microscopy, electron microscopy) to modern ‘omics’. It is considered that electron microscopy is essential for their identification, and CD34/PDGFRα double immunohistochemistry can orientate the diagnosis. Functional evidence is accumulating that TCs may be intimately involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and renewal by short- and long-distance intercellular communication. This review focuses on the most recent findings regarding TC features and locations and the principal hypotheses about their functions in normal and diseased organs. TC involvement in regenerative medicine is also considered.
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Niculite CM, Regalia TM, Gherghiceanu M, Huica R, Surcel M, Ursaciuc C, Leabu M, Popescu LM. Dynamics of telopodes (telocyte prolongations) in cell culture depends on extracellular matrix protein. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 398:157-64. [PMID: 25240414 PMCID: PMC4229650 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes (TC) are cells with telopodes (Tp), very long prolongations (up to 100 μm) with an uneven caliber (www.telocytes.com). Factors determining the dynamics of cellular prolongations are still unknown, although previous studies showed telopode motility in TC cultures. We comparatively investigated, by time-lapse videomicroscopy, the dynamics of Tp of mouse heart TC seeded on collagen, fibronectin, and laminin. Under our experimental conditions, TC and fibroblasts (cell line L929) behaved differently in terms of adherence, spreading, and prolongation extension. Fibroblasts showed lower spreading on the matrix proteins used. The time needed for spreading was 2–4 h for TC, versus 8–10 h for fibroblasts. The values for final cell surface area after spreading were between 200 and 400 μm2 for fibroblasts and 800–2,000 μm2 for TC. TC showed a more than three times higher ability to spread on the tested matrix proteins. An extremely low capacity to extend prolongations with lengths shorter than cell bodies was noted for fibroblasts, while TC extended prolongations longer than the cell body length, with a moniliform appearance. The stronger adherence and spreading were noted for TC seeded on fibronectin, while the lowest were on laminin. Collagen determined an intermediate adherence and spreading for TC, but the highest dynamics in Tp extensions. In conclusion, TC behave differently than fibroblasts in terms of adherence, spreading, and cell prolongation extension when seeded on various matrix proteins in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mariana Niculite
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, “Victor Babeş” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - T. M. Regalia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, “Victor Babeş” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Gherghiceanu
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, “Victor Babeş” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R. Huica
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Immunology, “Victor Babeş” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Surcel
- Department of Immunology, “Victor Babeş” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C. Ursaciuc
- Department of Immunology, “Victor Babeş” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M. Leabu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, “Victor Babeş” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - L. M. Popescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Division of Advanced Studies, “Victor Babeş” National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, Sector 5, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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Cretoiu SM, Radu BM, Banciu A, Banciu DD, Cretoiu D, Ceafalan LC, Popescu LM. Isolated human uterine telocytes: immunocytochemistry and electrophysiology of T-type calcium channels. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 143:83-94. [PMID: 25212658 PMCID: PMC4286651 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, telocytes (TCs) were described as a new cell type in the interstitial space of many organs, including myometrium. TCs are cells with very long, distinctive extensions named telopodes (Tps). It is suggested that TCs play a major role in intercellular signaling, as well as in morphogenesis, especially in morphogenetic bioelectrical signaling. However, TC plasma membrane is yet unexplored regarding the presence and activity of ion channels and pumps. Here, we used a combination of in vitro immunofluorescence and patch-clamp technique to characterize T-type calcium channels in TCs. Myometrial TCs were identified in cell culture (non-pregnant and pregnant myometrium) as cells having very long Tps and which were positive for CD34 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α. Immunofluorescence analysis of the subfamily of T-type (transient) calcium channels CaV3.1 and CaV3.2 presence revealed the expression of these ion channels on the cell body and Tps of non-pregnant and pregnant myometrium TCs. The expression in TCs from the non-pregnant myometrium is less intense, being confined to the cell body for CaV3.2, while CaV3.1 was expressed both on the cell body and in Tps. Moreover, the presence of T-type calcium channels in TCs from non-pregnant myometrium is also confirmed by applying brief ramp depolarization protocols. In conclusion, our results show that T-type calcium channels are present in TCs from human myometrium and could participate in the generation of endogenous bioelectric signals responsible for the regulation of the surrounding cell behavior, during pregnancy and labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Division of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474, Bucharest, Romania,
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