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Wang D, Zhang Y, Li Q, Li Y, Li W, Zhang A, Xu J, Meng J, Tang L, Lyu S. Epigenetics: Mechanisms, potential roles, and therapeutic strategies in cancer progression. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101020. [PMID: 38988323 PMCID: PMC11233905 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations or abnormal expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are known to cause cancer. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic modifications are key drivers of cancer development and progression. Nevertheless, the mechanistic role of epigenetic dysregulation in the tumor microenvironment is not fully understood. Here, we reviewed the role of epigenetic modifications of cancer cells and non-cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment and recent research advances in cancer epigenetic drugs. In addition, we discussed the great potential of epigenetic combination therapies in the clinical treatment of cancer. However, there are still some challenges in the field of cancer epigenetics, such as epigenetic tumor heterogeneity, epigenetic drug heterogeneity, and crosstalk between epigenetics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other omics, which may be the focus and difficulty of cancer treatment in the future. In conclusion, epigenetic modifications in the tumor microenvironment are essential for future epigenetic drug development and the comprehensive treatment of cancer. Epigenetic combination therapy may be a novel strategy for the future clinical treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qingbo Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yu Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wen Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingxuan Xu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingyan Meng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shuhua Lyu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
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2
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Guo T, Xu J. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: a versatile mediator in tumor progression, metastasis, and targeted therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:1095-1116. [PMID: 38602594 PMCID: PMC11300527 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) has been demonstrated to play a significant role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the major component of TME and exhibit heterogeneous properties in their communication with tumor cells. This heterogeneity of CAFs can be attributed to various origins, including quiescent fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), adipocytes, pericytes, endothelial cells, and mesothelial cells. Moreover, single-cell RNA sequencing has identified diverse phenotypes of CAFs, with myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs) and inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs) being the most acknowledged, alongside newly discovered subtypes like antigen-presenting CAFs (apCAFs). Due to these heterogeneities, CAFs exert multiple functions in tumorigenesis, cancer stemness, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, metabolism, and metastasis. As a result, targeted therapies aimed at the TME, particularly focusing on CAFs, are rapidly developing, fueling the promising future of advanced tumor-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Guo
- Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junfen Xu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Li P, Zhang H, Chen T, Zhou Y, Yang J, Zhou J. Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis and immunosuppression in gastric cancer. Matrix Biol 2024; 132:59-71. [PMID: 38936680 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Despite advances in surgery, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, the mortality rate for gastric cancer remains one of the highest in the world. A large body of evidence has demonstrated that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as core members of the stroma, can secrete cytokines, proteins and exosomes to create a tumour microenvironment that is conducive to cancer cell survival. CAFs can also interact with cancer cells to form a complex signalling network, enabling cancer cells to more easily metastasise to other organs and tissues in the body and develop metastatic foci. In this review, we provide an overview of the CAFs concept and activators. We focus on elucidating their effects on immune cells, intratumoural vasculature, extracellular matrix, as well as cancer cell activity, metastatic power and metabolism, and on enhancing the metastatic ability of cancer cells through activation of JAK/STAT, NF/κB and CXCL12/CXCR4. Various therapeutic agents targeting CAFs are also under development and are expected to improve the prognosis of gastric cancer in combination with existing treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Li
- Department of general surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of general surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of general surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yajing Zhou
- Department of general surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jiaoyang Yang
- Department of general surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of general surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
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4
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Zhao Y, Ma Q, Gao W, Li Z, Yu G, Li B, Xu Y, Huang Y. Dextran sulfate inhibits proliferation and metastasis of human gastric cancer cells via miR-34c-5p. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34859. [PMID: 39157392 PMCID: PMC11327518 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor with a high global mortality rate that is currently difficult to treat. Dextran sulfate (DS), a safe anti-tumor agent, can effectively inhibit the malignant biological behavior of gastric cancer; however, its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed at elucidate the potential mechanisms of action. Methods In this study we used DS to intervene in lentivirus-transfected gastric cancer cells to observe the effect of DS on miR-34c-5p. RT-qPCR, CCK-8, clone formation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay and western blot were used to examine whether DS affects the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells via miR-34c-5p. The results were validated using in vivo experiments. Results Our data confirmed that DS up-regulated miR-34c-5p expression in human gastric cancer cells. Moreover, DS intervention enhanced the inhibitory effect of miR-34c-5p over-expression on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of gastric cancer cells, and partially reversed the promotive effect of miR-34c-5p on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of gastric cancer cells. In addition, DS could affect the activation of the MAP2K1/ERK signaling pathway through the up-regulation of miR-34c-5p, thereby inhibiting the malignant biological behavior of gastric cancer. Finally, it was demonstrated that DS could also inhibit the expression of MAP2K1 in vivo, which in turn inhibits the activation of the ERK signaling pathway to exert anti-cancer effects. Conclusion DS may inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells by regulating miR-34c-5p, which may be a new option for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Heze Third People's Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Qian Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenwei Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhaojun Li
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guangfu Yu
- Third Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuanyi Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yunning Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Yinchuan, China
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5
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Li Y, Cui Y, Wang Z, Wang L, Yu Y, Xiong Y. Development and validation of a hypoxia- and mitochondrial dysfunction- related prognostic model based on integrated single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing analyses in gastric cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1419133. [PMID: 39165353 PMCID: PMC11333257 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1419133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major global health threat ranking as the fifth most prevalent cancer. Hypoxia, a characteristic feature of solid tumors, significantly contributes to the malignant progression of GC. Mitochondria are the major target of hypoxic injury that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction during the development of cancers including GC. However, the gene signature and prognostic model based on hypoxia- and mitochondrial dysfunction-related genes (HMDRGs) in the prediction of GC prognosis have not yet been established. Methods The gene expression profile datasets of stomach cancer patients were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Prognostic genes were selected using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator Cox (LASSO-Cox) regression analysis to construct a prognostic model. Immune infiltration was evaluated through ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, and ssGSEA analyses. Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) and immunophenoscore (IPS) were utilized to explore implications for immunotherapy. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were conducted to validate the functional roles of HMDRGs in GC cell malignancy. Results In this study, five HMDRGs (ZFP36, SERPINE1, DUSP1, CAV1, and AKAP12) were identified for developing a prognostic model in GC. This model stratifies GC patients into high- and low-risk groups based on median risk scores. A nomogram predicting overall survival (OS) was constructed and showed consistent results with observed OS. Immune infiltration analysis indicated that individuals in the high-risk group tend to exhibit increased immune cell infiltration. Additionally, analysis of cancer immunotherapy responses revealed that high-risk group patients exhibit poorer responses to cancer immunotherapy compared to the low-risk group. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining indicated that the expression levels of HMDRGs were remarkably correlated with GC, of which, SERPINE1 displayed the most pronounced up-regulation, while ZFP36 exhibited the most notable down-regulation in GC patients. Furthermore, in vitro investigation validated that SERPINE1 and ZFP36 contribute to the malignant processes of GC cells correlated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusions This study presents a novel and efficient approach to evaluate GC prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy, and also provides insights into understanding the pathogenesis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Li
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi’an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi’an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi’an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi’an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Jiang Z, Kang Q, Qian H, Xu Z, Tong H, Yang J, Li L, Li R, Li G, Chen F, Lin N, Zhao Y, Shi H, Huang J, Ma X. Revealing the crucial roles of suppressive immune microenvironment in cardiac myxoma progression. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:193. [PMID: 39090109 PMCID: PMC11294589 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac myxoma is a commonly encountered tumor within the heart that has the potential to be life-threatening. However, the cellular composition of this condition is still not well understood. To fill this gap, we analyzed 75,641 cells from cardiac myxoma tissues based on single-cell sequencing. We defined a population of myxoma cells, which exhibited a resemblance to fibroblasts, yet they were distinguished by an increased expression of phosphodiesterases and genes associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, and adhesion. The clinical relevance of the cell populations indicated a higher proportion of myxoma cells and M2-like macrophage infiltration, along with their enhanced spatial interaction, were found to significantly contribute to the occurrence of embolism. The immune cells surrounding the myxoma exhibit inhibitory characteristics, with impaired function of T cells characterized by the expression of GZMK and TOX, along with a substantial infiltration of tumor-promoting macrophages expressed growth factors such as PDGFC. Furthermore, in vitro co-culture experiments showed that macrophages promoted the growth of myxoma cells significantly. In summary, this study presents a comprehensive single-cell atlas of cardiac myxoma, highlighting the heterogeneity of myxoma cells and their collaborative impact on immune cells. These findings shed light on the complex pathobiology of cardiac myxoma and present potential targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Jiang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianlong Kang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huan Tong
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaqing Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Renwei Li
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangqi Li
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunuo Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huashan Shi
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Yang H, Hu B, Wang X, Chen W, Zhou H. The effects of hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) in ameliorating spinal cord injury mediated by Nrf2. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:929-939. [PMID: 38607990 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Excessive inflammatory response and oxidative stress (OS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury (SCI). Balance of inflammation and prevention of OS have been considered an effective strategy for the treatment of SCI. Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1), also known as cartilage link protein, has displayed a wide range of biological and physiological functions in different types of tissues and cells. However, whether HAPLN1 regulates inflammation and OS during SCI is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether HAPLN1 can have a protective effect on SCI. In this study, both in vitro and in vivo SCI models were established. Nissl staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining assays were used. Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were employed to assess the expression of proteins. Our results demonstrate that the administration of HAPLN1 promoted the recovery of motor neurons after SCI by increasing the Basso mouse scale score, increasing the numbers of motor neurons, and preventing apoptosis of spinal cord cells. Additionally, HAPLN1 mitigated OS in spinal cord tissue after SCI by increasing the content of superoxide dismutase SOD and the activity of glutathione peroxidase but reducing the levels of malondialdehyde. Importantly, we found that HAPLN1 stimulated the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway and stimulated the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone oxidoreductase-1, which mediated the attenuation of HAPLN1 in activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome by reducing the levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1, and interleukin-1β. Correspondingly, in vitro experiments show that the presence of HAPLN1 suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome and prevented cell injury against H2O2 in PC12 cells. These effects were mediated by the Nrf2/ARE pathway, and inhibition of Nrf2 with ML385 abolished the beneficial effects of HAPLN1. Based on these findings, we conclude that HAPLN1 inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome through the stimulation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway, thereby suppressing neuroinflammation, enhancing motor neuronal survival, and improving the recovery of nerve function after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xichun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huanbin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiujiang No. 1 People's Hospital, Balihu General Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
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Li X, Xie G, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhai J, Shen L. Tumour cell-derived serglycin promotes IL-8 secretion of CAFs in gastric cancer. Br J Cancer 2024; 131:271-282. [PMID: 38862740 PMCID: PMC11263384 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-derived IL-8 plays important roles in chemoresistance, immunosuppression, and lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying IL-8 production in CAFs remains unclear. METHODS DNA pulldown assay was performed to identify the transcription factors responsible for IL-8 expression in CAFs, which was further verified using CHIP-qPCR and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis assays. The cellular localisation of IL-8 was analysed using multiplex immunofluorescence (MxIF). RESULTS MxIF demonstrated that IL-8 was mainly produced by CAFs in gastric cancer. Lysine[K]-specific demethylase 5B (KDM5B) was identified as an IL-8 transcription factor in CAFs, and the binding of KDM5B to phosphorylated RB1 limited the transcriptional regulation of IL-8 in gastric cancer cells. Serglycin (SRGN) secreted by tumour cells activated the CD44/c-Myc pathway to upregulate KDM5B expression, thereby promoting IL-8 production in CAFs. Furthermore, tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs)-derived regenerating family member 4 (REG4) upregulates SRGN expression by activating cAMP-responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) in gastric cancer cells. Thus, the SRGN-IL-8-TANs-SRGN loop, which facilitates tumour progression, has been explored in gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the mechanisms of the preferential production of IL-8 by CAFs in gastric cancer, and paves the way for potential new therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Guiping Xie
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Department of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jing Zhai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lizong Shen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Seifi Z, Khazaei M, Cheraghali D, Rezakhani L. Decellularized tissues as platforms for digestive system cancer models. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31589. [PMID: 38845895 PMCID: PMC11153114 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a multifunctional network of macromolecules that regulate various cellular functions and physically support the tissues. Besides physiological conditions, the ECM also changes during pathological conditions such as cancer. As tumor cells proliferate, notable changes occur in the quantity and makeup of the surrounding ECM. Therefore, the role of this noncellular component of tissues in studies of tumor microenvironments should be considered. So far, many attempts have been made to create 2-dimensional (2D) or 3-dimensional (3D) models that can replicate the intricate connections within the tumor microenvironment. Decellularized tissues are proper scaffolds that imitate the complex nature of native ECM. This review aims to summarize 3D models of digestive system cancers based on decellularized ECMs. These ECM-based scaffolds will enable us to study the interactive communication between cells and their surrounding environment which brings new potential for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Seifi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Danial Cheraghali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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10
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Gu W, Su H, Wang X, Wang X, Zhang J, Xu M, Sheng W. Unlocking the Crucial Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Tumor Metastasis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00220-0. [PMID: 38825314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor metastasis represents a stepwise progression and stands as a principal determinant of unfavorable prognoses among cancer patients. Consequently, an in-depth exploration of its mechanisms holds paramount clinical significance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), constituting the most abundant stromal cell population within the tumor microenvironment (TME), have garnered robust evidence support for their pivotal regulatory roles in tumor metastasis. AIM of Review This review systematically explores the roles of CAFs at eight critical stages of tumorigenic dissemination: 1) extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, 2) epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), 3) angiogenesis, 4) tumor metabolism, 5) perivascular migration, 6) immune escape, 7) dormancy, and 8) premetastatic niche (PMN) formation. Additionally, we provide a compendium of extant strategies aimed at targeting CAFs in cancer therapy. Key Scientific Concepts of Review This review delineates a structured framework for the interplay between CAFs and tumor metastasis while furnishing insights for the potential therapeutic developments. It contributes to a deeper understanding of cancer metastasis within the TME, facilitating the utilization of CAF-targeting therapies in anti-metastatic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Liu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenchao Gu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hui Su
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Midie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Weiqi Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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11
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Xu Y, Yao Y, Gao J. Cell-Derived Matrix: Production, Decellularization, and Application of Wound Repair. Stem Cells Int 2024; 2024:7398473. [PMID: 38882595 PMCID: PMC11178417 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7398473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic nonhealing wounds significantly reduce patients' quality of life and are a major burden on healthcare systems. Over the past few decades, tissue engineering materials have emerged as a viable option for wound healing, with cell-derived extracellular matrix (CDM) showing remarkable results. The CDM's compatibility and resemblance to the natural tissue microenvironment confer distinct advantages to tissue-engineered scaffolds in wound repair. This review summarizes the current processes for CDM preparation, various cell decellularization protocols, and common characterization methods. Furthermore, it discusses the applications of CDM in wound healing, including skin defect and wound repair, angiogenesis, and engineered vessels, and offers perspectives on future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Xu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
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12
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Xu Y, Benedikt J, Ye L. Hyaluronic Acid Interacting Molecules Mediated Crosstalk between Cancer Cells and Microenvironment from Primary Tumour to Distant Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1907. [PMID: 38791985 PMCID: PMC11119954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a prominent component of the extracellular matrix, and its interactions with HA-interacting molecules (HAIMs) play a critical role in cancer development and disease progression. This review explores the multifaceted role of HAIMs in the context of cancer, focusing on their influence on disease progression by dissecting relevant cellular and molecular mechanisms in tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment. Cancer progression can be profoundly affected by the interactions between HA and HAIMs. They modulate critical processes such as cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and proliferation. The TME serves as a dynamic platform in which HAIMs contribute to the formation of a unique niche. The resulting changes in HA composition profoundly influence the biophysical properties of the TME. These modifications in the TME, in conjunction with HAIMs, impact angiogenesis, immune cell recruitment, and immune evasion. Therefore, understanding the intricate interplay between HAIMs and HA within the cancer context is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Targeting these interactions offers promising avenues for cancer treatment, as they hold the potential to disrupt critical aspects of disease progression and the TME. Further research in this field is imperative for advancing our knowledge and the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Xu
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK;
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK;
| | | | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK;
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13
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Li S, Huang X, Zheng S, Zhang W, Liu F, Cao Q. High expression of SRSF1 facilitates osteosarcoma progression and unveils its potential mechanisms. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:580. [PMID: 38735973 PMCID: PMC11088775 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SRSF1, a member of Serine/Arginine-Rich Splicing Factors (SRSFs), has been observed to significantly influence cancer progression. However, the precise role of SRSF1 in osteosarcoma (OS) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the functions of SRSF1 and its underlying mechanism in OS. METHODS SRSF1 expression level in OS was evaluated on the TCGA dataset, TAGET-OS database. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were employed to assess SRSF1 expression in human OS cell lines as well as the interfered ectopic expression states. The effect of SRSF1 on cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and apoptosis of OS cells were measured by transwell assay and flow cytometry. RNA sequence and bioinformatic analyses were conducted to elucidate the targeted genes, relevant biological pathways, and alternative splicing (AS) events regulated by SRSF1. RESULTS SRSF1 expression was consistently upregulated in both OS samples and OS cell lines. Diminishing SRSF1 resulted in reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion and increased apoptosis in OS cells while overexpressing SRSF1 led to enhanced growth, migration, invasion, and decreased apoptosis. Mechanistically, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that the biological functions of SRSF1 were closely associated with the dysregulation of the protein targeting processes, location of the cytosolic ribosome, extracellular matrix (ECM), and proteinaceous extracellular matrix, along with the PI3K-AKT pathway, Wnt pathway, and HIPPO pathway. Transcriptome analysis identified AS events modulated by SRSF1, especially (Skipped Exon) SE events and (Mutually exclusive Exons) MXE events, revealing potential roles of targeted molecules in mRNA surveillance, RNA degradation, and RNA transport during OS development. qRT-PCR confirmed that SRSF1 knockdown resulted in the occurrence of alternative splicing of SRRM2, DMKN, and SCAT1 in OS. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the oncogenic role of high SRSF1 expression in promoting OS progression, and further explore the potential mechanisms of action. The significant involvement of SRSF1 in OS development suggests its potential utility as a therapeutic target in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Department of Pathology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Liver Tumor Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Qinghua Cao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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14
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Gonzalez TL, Wertheimer S, Flowers AE, Wang Y, Santiskulvong C, Clark EL, Jefferies CA, Lawrenson K, Chan JL, Joshi NV, Zhu Y, Tseng HR, Karumanchi SA, Williams III J, Pisarska MD. High-throughput mRNA-seq atlas of human placenta shows vast transcriptome remodeling from first to third trimester†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:936-949. [PMID: 38271627 PMCID: PMC11094392 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The placenta, composed of chorionic villi, changes dramatically across gestation. Understanding differences in ongoing pregnancies are essential to identify the role of chorionic villi at specific times in gestation and develop biomarkers and prognostic indicators of maternal-fetal health. The normative mRNA profile is established using next-generation sequencing of 124 first trimester and 43 third trimester human placentas from ongoing healthy pregnancies. Stably expressed genes (SEGs) not different between trimesters and with low variability are identified. Differential expression analysis of first versus third trimester adjusted for fetal sex is performed, followed by a subanalysis with 23 matched pregnancies to control for subject variability using the same genetic and environmental background. Placenta expresses 14,979 polyadenylated genes above sequencing noise (transcripts per million > 0.66), with 10.7% SEGs across gestation. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) account for 86.7% of genes in the full cohort [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05]. Fold changes highly correlate between the full cohort and subanalysis (Pearson = 0.98). At stricter thresholds (FDR < 0.001, fold change > 1.5), there remains 50.1% DEGs (3353 upregulated in first and 4155 upregulated in third trimester). This is the largest mRNA atlas of healthy human placenta across gestation, controlling for genetic and environmental factors, demonstrating substantial changes from first to third trimester in chorionic villi. Specific differences and SEGs may be used to understand the specific role of the chorionic villi throughout gestation and develop first trimester biomarkers of placental health that transpire across gestation, which can be used for future development of biomarkers for maternal-fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania L Gonzalez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sahar Wertheimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy E Flowers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chintda Santiskulvong
- CS Cancer Applied Genomics Shared Resource, CS Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ekaterina L Clark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline A Jefferies
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kao Autoimmune Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Women’s Cancer Research Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica L Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nikhil V Joshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - John Williams III
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margareta D Pisarska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Yu R, Lu G, Cheng B, Li J, Jiang Q, Lan X. Construction and validation of a novel NAD + metabolism-related risk model for prognostic prediction in osteosarcoma. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:1086-1103. [PMID: 38047487 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the prognosis of osteosarcoma (OS) remains discouraging, especially in elderly/metastatic OS patients. By impairing the antitumor effect of immune cells, tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) provides an environment conducive to tumor proliferation, which highly requires accelerated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism for energy. Recently, many genes involved in the sustained production of NAD+ in malignant tumors have been verified to be possible prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets. Therefore, the current study was to probe into the association of NAD+ metabolism-related genes with TIME, immunotherapeutic response, and prognosis in OS. All OS data for the study were acquired from TARGET and GEO databases. In bioinformatics analysis, we performed Cox analysis, consensus clustering, principal component analysis, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, uniform manifold approximation and projection, gene set enrichment analysis, gene set variation analysis, Lasso analysis, survival and ROC curves, nomogram, immune-related analysis, drug sensitivity analysis, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis. Cell transfection assay, RT-qPCR, western blot analysis, as well as cell wound healing, migration, and invasion assays were performed in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis identified A&B clusters and six NAD+ metabolism-related differentially expressed genes, constructed risk model and nomogram, and performed immune-related analysis, drug susceptibility analysis, and scRNA-seq analysis to inform the clinical treatment framework. In vitro experiment revealed that CBS and INPP1 can promote migration, proliferation as well as invasion of OS cells through TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway. Based on bioinformatics analysis and in vitro validation, this study confirmed that NAD+ metabolism affects TIME to suggest the prognosis of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Yu
- Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Banghong Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junhong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiqing Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xia Lan
- Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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16
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Chen C, Liu J, Lin X, Xiang A, Ye Q, Guo J, Rui T, Xu J, Hu S. Crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and regulated cell death in tumors: insights into apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:189. [PMID: 38649701 PMCID: PMC11035635 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the main stromal component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), play multifaceted roles in cancer progression through paracrine signaling, exosome transfer, and cell interactions. Attractively, recent evidence indicates that CAFs can modulate various forms of regulated cell death (RCD) in adjacent tumor cells, thus involving cancer proliferation, therapy resistance, and immune exclusion. Here, we present a brief introduction to CAFs and basic knowledge of RCD, including apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. In addition, we further summarize the different types of RCD in tumors that are mediated by CAFs, as well as the effects of these modes of RCD on CAFs. This review will deepen our understanding of the interactions between CAFs and RCD and might offer novel therapeutic avenues for future cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aizhai Xiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianwei Ye
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jufeng Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Rui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shufang Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
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17
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Yan T, Song S, Sun W, Ge Y. HAPLN1 knockdown inhibits heart failure development via activating the PKA signaling pathway. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:197. [PMID: 38580957 PMCID: PMC10996236 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a heterogeneous syndrome that affects millions worldwide, resulting in substantial health and economic burdens. However, the molecular mechanism of HF pathogenesis remains unclear. METHODS HF-related key genes were screened by a bioinformatics approach.The impacts of HAPLN1 knockdown on Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced AC16 cells were assessed through a series of cell function experiments. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis-related factors. The HF rat model was induced by subcutaneous injection isoprenaline and histopathologic changes in the cardiac tissue were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and echocardiographic index. Downstream pathways regulated by HAPLN1 was predicted through bioinformatics and then confirmed in vivo and in vitro by western blot. RESULTS Six hub genes were screened, of which HAPLN1, FMOD, NPPB, NPPA, and COMP were overexpressed, whereas NPPC was downregulated in HF. Further research found that silencing HAPLN1 promoted cell viability and reduced apoptosis in Ang II-induced AC16 cells. HAPLN1 knockdown promoted left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fraction shortening (LVFS), while decreasing left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) in the HF rat model. HAPLN1 knockdown promoted the levels of GSH and suppressed the levels of MDA, LDH, TNF-α, and IL-6. Mechanistically, silencing HAPLN1 activated the PKA pathway, which were confirmed both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION HAPLN1 knockdown inhibited the progression of HF by activating the PKA pathway, which may provide novel perspectives on the management of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Ward 1, No. 139 Huangong Road, Linzi District, Zibo City, Shandong Province, 255400, China
| | - Shushuai Song
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, No. 201 Nanjing Road, Shibei District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266034, China
| | - Wendong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zibo Municipal Hospital, No. 139 Huangong Road, Linzi District, Zibo City, Shandong Province, 255400, China
| | - Yiping Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, No. 201 Nanjing Road, Shibei District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266034, China.
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18
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梁 一, 赖 颖, 袁 燕, 袁 炜, 张 锡, 张 拔, 卢 志. [Screening of differentially expressed genes in gastric cancer based on GEO database and function and pathway enrichment analysis]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2024; 44:605-616. [PMID: 38597453 PMCID: PMC11006697 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.03.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the core genes related to the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and screen the molecular targets involved in the occurrence and development of GC. METHODS GC microarray data GSE118916, GSE54129 and GSE79973 were downloaded from GEO database, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Enrichment analysis of the signaling pathways and molecular functions were preformed and protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) were constructed to identify the hub genes, whose expression levels and diagnostic and prognostic values were verifies based on gastric adenocarcinoma data from TCGA. The expression levels of these core genes were also detected in different GC cell lines using qRT- PCR. RESULTS Seventy-seven DEGs were identified, which encodes proteins located mainly in the extracellular matrix and basement membrane with activities of oxidoreductase and extracellular matrix receptor and ligand, involving the biological processes of digestion and hormone metabolism and the signaling pathways in retinol metabolism and gastric acid secretion. Nine hub genes were obtained, among which SPARC, TIMP1, THBS2, COL6A3 and THY1 were significantly up- regulated and TFF1, GKN1, TFF2 and PGC were significantly down-regulated in GC. The abnormal expressions of SPARC, TIMP1, THBS2, COL6A3, TFF2 and THY1 were significantly correlated with the survival time of GC patients. ROC curve analysis showed that aberrant expression of TIMP1 SPARC, THY1 and THBS2 had high diagnostic value for GC. High expressions of SPARC, TIMP1, THBS2 and COL6A3 were detected in GC tissues. In the GC cell lines, qRT- PCR revealed different expression patterns of these hub genes, but their expressions were largely consistent with those found in bioinformatics analyses. CONCLUSION SPARC, TIMP1, THBS2 and other DEGs are probably involved in GC occurrence and progression and may serve as potential candidate molecular markers for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- 一豪 梁
- 南方医科大学第十附属医院(东莞市人民医院)检验科,广东 东莞 523059Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, China
| | - 颖君 赖
- 南方医科大学第十附属医院(东莞市人民医院)消化内科,广东 东莞 523059Department of Gastroenterology, Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, China
| | - 燕文 袁
- 南方医科大学第十附属医院(东莞市人民医院)消化内科,广东 东莞 523059Department of Gastroenterology, Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, China
| | - 炜 袁
- 南方医科大学第十附属医院(东莞市人民医院)病理科,广东 东莞 523059Department of Pathology, Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, China
| | - 锡波 张
- 南方医科大学第十附属医院(东莞市人民医院)检验科,广东 东莞 523059Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, China
| | - 拔山 张
- 南方医科大学第十附属医院(东莞市人民医院)检验科,广东 东莞 523059Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, China
| | - 志锋 卢
- 南方医科大学第十附属医院(东莞市人民医院)检验科,广东 东莞 523059Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan 523059, China
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19
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Ozmen E, Demir TD, Ozcan G. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: protagonists of the tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1340124. [PMID: 38562556 PMCID: PMC10982390 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1340124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhanced knowledge of the interaction of cancer cells with their environment elucidated the critical role of tumor microenvironment in tumor progression and chemoresistance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts act as the protagonists of the tumor microenvironment, fostering the metastasis, stemness, and chemoresistance of cancer cells and attenuating the anti-cancer immune responses. Gastric cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers in the clinic, refractory to anti-cancer therapies. Growing evidence indicates that cancer-associated fibroblasts are the most prominent risk factors for a poor tumor immune microenvironment and dismal prognosis in gastric cancer. Therefore, targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts may be central to surpassing resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics, molecular-targeted agents, and immunotherapies, improving survival in gastric cancer. However, the heterogeneity in cancer-associated fibroblasts may complicate the development of cancer-associated fibroblast targeting approaches. Although single-cell sequencing studies started dissecting the heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblasts, the research community should still answer these questions: "What makes a cancer-associated fibroblast protumorigenic?"; "How do the intracellular signaling and the secretome of different cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations differ from each other?"; and "Which cancer-associated fibroblast subtypes predominate specific cancer types?". Unveiling these questions can pave the way for discovering efficient cancer-associated fibroblast targeting strategies. Here, we review current knowledge and perspectives on these questions, focusing on how CAFs induce aggressiveness and therapy resistance in gastric cancer. We also review potential therapeutic approaches to prevent the development and activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts via inhibition of CAF inducers and CAF markers in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Ozmen
- Koç University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Tevriz Dilan Demir
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gulnihal Ozcan
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
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20
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Liu H, Li X, Shi Y, Ye Z, Cheng X. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PRL-3: A Key Player in Cancer Signaling. Biomolecules 2024; 14:342. [PMID: 38540761 PMCID: PMC10967961 DOI: 10.3390/biom14030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatases are primarily responsible for dephosphorylation modification within signal transduction pathways. Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) is a dual-specific phosphatase implicated in cancer pathogenesis. Understanding PRL-3's intricate functions and developing targeted therapies is crucial for advancing cancer treatment. This review highlights its regulatory mechanisms, expression patterns, and multifaceted roles in cancer progression. PRL-3's involvement in proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance is discussed. Regulatory mechanisms encompass transcriptional control, alternative splicing, and post-translational modifications. PRL-3 exhibits selective expressions in specific cancer types, making it a potential target for therapy. Despite advances in small molecule inhibitors, further research is needed for clinical application. PRL-3-zumab, a humanized antibody, shows promise in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Our review summarizes the current understanding of the cancer-related cellular function of PRL-3, its prognostic value, and the research progress of therapeutic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Liu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China;
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiao Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China;
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Zu Ye
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China;
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Xiangdong Cheng
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China;
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
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21
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Bertolotto C. Mechanisms of melanoma aggressiveness with age. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:287-288. [PMID: 38472453 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Corine Bertolotto
- University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, team1, Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2020, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France.
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22
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He L, Ye Q, Zhu Y, Zhong W, Xu G, Wang L, Wang Z, Zou X. Lipid Metabolism-Related Gene Signature Predicts Prognosis and Indicates Immune Microenvironment Infiltration in Advanced Gastric Cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2024; 2024:6639205. [PMID: 38440405 PMCID: PMC10911888 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6639205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Abnormal lipid metabolism is known to influence the malignant behavior of gastric cancer. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the biological significance of genes involved in lipid metabolism in advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Methods We obtained gene expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database for early and advanced gastric cancer samples and performed differential expression analysis to identify specific lipid metabolism-related genes in AGC. We then used consensus cluster analysis to classify AGC patients into molecular subtypes based on lipid metabolism and constructed a diagnostic model using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator- (LASSO-) Cox regression analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). We evaluated the discriminative ability and clinical significance of the model using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve, ROC curve, DCA curve, and nomogram. We also estimated immune levels based on immune microenvironment expression, immune checkpoints, and immune cell infiltration and obtained hub genes by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of differential genes from the two molecular subtypes. Results We identified 6 lipid metabolism genes that were associated with the prognosis of AGC and used consistent clustering to classify AGC patients into two subgroups with significantly different overall survival and immune microenvironment. Our risk model successfully classified patients in the training and validation sets into high-risk and low-risk groups. The high-risk score predicted poor prognosis and indicated low degree of immune infiltration. Subgroup analysis showed that the risk model was an independent predictor of prognosis in AGC. Furthermore, our results indicated that most chemotherapeutic agents are more effective for AGC patients in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group, and risk scores for AGC are strongly correlated with drug sensitivity. Finally, we performed qRT-PCR experiments to verify the relevant results. Conclusion Our findings suggest that lipid metabolism-related genes play an important role in predicting the prognosis of AGC and regulating immune invasion. These results have important implications for the development of targeted therapies for AGC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongling People's Hospital, Tongling, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qiange Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanmei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenqi Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhangding Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Taikang Xianlin Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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23
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Yin SY, Liu YJ, Li JP, Liu J. Overexpression of FERM Domain Containing Kindlin 2 (FERMT2) in Fibroblasts Correlates with EMT and Immunosuppression in Gastric Cancer. Int J Genomics 2024; 2024:4123737. [PMID: 38352691 PMCID: PMC10864055 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4123737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The mesenchymal feature, dominated by epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stromal cell activation, is one of the main reasons for the aggressive nature of tumors, yet it remains poorly understood. In gastric cancer (GC), the fermitin family homolog-2 (FERMT2) is involved in macrophage signaling, promoting migration and invasion. However, the function of FERMT2 in fibroblasts remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that downregulation of FERMT2 expression can block EMT in GC cells by inhibiting fibroblast activation in vitro. Furthermore, we found that, in addition to the known pathways, fibroblast-derived FERMT2 promotes M2-like macrophage growth and that in human GC samples, there is a strong positive correlation between FERMT2 and CD163 and CD206 levels. Notably, high FERMT2 expression was significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes and was upregulated in patients with advanced disease. Taken together, our results provide evidence that the fibroblast-FERMT2-EMT-M2 macrophage axis plays a critical role in the GC mesenchymal phenotype and may be a promising target for the treatment of advanced GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-yan Yin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Second Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yuan-jie Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Second Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jie-pin Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- No. 1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jian Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Second Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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24
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Cao L, Meng X, Zhang Z, Liu Z, He Y. Macrophage heterogeneity and its interactions with stromal cells in tumour microenvironment. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:16. [PMID: 38303024 PMCID: PMC10832170 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01201-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and tumour stroma cells account for the main cellular components in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Current advancements in single-cell analysis have revolutionized our understanding of macrophage diversity and macrophage-stroma interactions. Accordingly, this review describes new insight into tumour-associated macrophage (TAM) heterogeneity in terms of tumour type, phenotype, metabolism, and spatial distribution and presents the association between these factors and TAM functional states. Meanwhile, we focus on the immunomodulatory feature of TAMs and highlight the tumour-promoting effect of macrophage-tumour stroma interactions in the immunosuppressive TME. Finally, we summarize recent studies investigating macrophage-targeted therapy and discuss their therapeutic potential in improving immunotherapy by alleviating immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren Cao
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaoyan Meng
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Zhonglong Liu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yue He
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, National Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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25
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Meng X, Ma F, Yu D. The diverse effects of cisplatin on tumor microenvironment: Insights and challenges for the delivery of cisplatin by nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117362. [PMID: 37827371 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a well-known platinum-based chemotherapy medication that is widely utilized for some malignancies. Despite the direct cytotoxic consequences of cisplatin on tumor cells, studies in the recent decade have revealed that cisplatin can also affect different cells and their secretions in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cisplatin has complex impacts on the TME, which may contribute to its anti-tumor activity or drug resistance mechanisms. These regulatory effects of cisplatin play a paramount function in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. This paper aims to review the diverse impacts of cisplatin and nanoparticles loaded with cisplatin on cancer cells and also non-cancerous cells in TME. The impacts of cisplatin on immune cells, tumor stroma, cancer cells, and also hypoxia will be discussed in the current review. Furthermore, we emphasize the challenges and prospects of using cisplatin in combination with other adjuvants and therapeutic modalities that target TME. We also discuss the potential synergistic effects of cisplatin with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and other agents with anticancer potentials such as polyphenols and photosensitizers. Furthermore, the potential of nanoparticles for targeting TME and better delivery of cisplatin into tumors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Meng
- Zhuji Sixth People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311801, China
| | - Fengyun Ma
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China.
| | - Dingli Yu
- Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China
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26
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Hu S, Qin J, Gao R, Xiao Q, Liu X, Pan Y, Wang S. Integrated analysis of single cell and bulk RNA sequencing identifies CTHRC1 + INHBA + CAF as drivers of colorectal cancer progression. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1787-1802. [PMID: 37539967 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the tumor microenvironment and a critical factor in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to screen for CAFs specific genes that could serve as promising therapeutic targets for CRC patients. Our findings showed a significant increase in the proportion of fibroblasts in CRC tissues, and a high proportion of fibroblasts was associated with immune escape and poor prognosis in CRC. Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) and inhibin subunit beta A (INHBA) were identified as key genes in the progression of CRC, primarily expressed in CAFs and significantly upregulated in CRC tissues. We defined CTHRC1 and INHBA as cancer-associated fibroblast-related genes (CAFRGs), which were associated with poor prognosis in CRC and macrophage polarization. CAFRGs promoted immune escape and metastasis in CRC and were good predictors of immune therapy response. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that the high expression group of CAFRGs was sensitive to 15 chemotherapy drugs, while the low expression group was sensitive to only 3. Clustering of fibroblasts in the tumor revealed that CTHRC1+ INHBA+ CAF was a poor prognostic factor in CRC and was associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and immune regulation. In conclusion, our study provides new theoretical basis for effective treatment strategies and therapeutic targets for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangshang Hu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Qin
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Gao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - QianNi Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangxiang Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqin Pan
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shukui Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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27
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Ma B, Li F, Ma B. Down-regulation of COL1A1 inhibits tumor-associated fibroblast activation and mediates matrix remodeling in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220776. [PMID: 38045487 PMCID: PMC10693014 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) on tumor-associated fibroblast activation and matrix remodeling in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer. Cells were divided into the blank control, negative control, and siRNA-COL1A1 groups, or HKF control, HKF + exosomes (EXO), HKF + siRNA negative control-EXO, and HKF + siRNA-COL1A1-EXO co-culture groups. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR detected gene expressions. COL Ⅰ, COL Ⅲ, and TGF-β1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found that compared with blank and negative control groups, COL1A1 expression and the secretion of exosomes by breast cancer cells were inhibited in the siRNA-COL1A1 group. Compared with the HKF control group, the COL Ⅰ, COL Ⅲ, TGF-β1, α-SMA, and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) were increased, while the E-cadherin and CAV-1 were decreased in the HKF + EXO, HKF + siRNA negative control-EXO, and HKF + siRNA-COL1A1-EXO co-culture groups. Compared with HKF + EXO and HKF + siRNA negative control-EXO co-culture groups, the COL Ⅰ, COL Ⅲ, TGF-β1, α-SMA, and FAP were decreased, and the E-cadherin and CAV-1 were increased in the HKF + siRNA-COL1A1-EXO co-culture group. Collectively, COL1A1 down-regulation may inhibit exosome secretion possibly via inhibiting COL Ⅰ and upregulating CAV-1, thereby inhibiting tumor-associated fibroblast activation and matrix remodeling in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi830011, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Thyriod and Breast Surgery, West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Binlin Ma
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 789 Suzhou East Street, Urumqi830011, Xinjiang, China
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Chen X, Song QL, Wang JY, Ji R, Cao ML, Guo DY, Zhang Y, Yang J. FKBP5 regulates trophoblast-macrophage crosstalk in recurrent spontaneous abortion through PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:55-69. [PMID: 37827456 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) contributes to many diseases; However, it remains unclear whether FKBP5 is relevant to recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and the mechanisms by which it is involved in maternal-fetal immunological tolerance. Placental tissue was collected in women with normal pregnancy and RSA and examined for FKBP5 expression. Human trophoblast cell lines and THP-1-derived M0 macrophages were used to explore the role of FKBP5 in RSA and its mechanism. The role of FKBP5 on pregnancy outcomes was assessed using a mouse model of miscarriage. This study found that upregulation of FKBP5 at the placental interface is involved in the pathogenesis of RSA by depressing trophoblast function and promoting M1-type macrophage polarization. First, FKBP5 expression was upregulated in the villi of RSA, and FKBP5 regulated trophoblast function by inhibiting HAPLN1 expression through suppression of PI3K/AKT signaling. In addition, FKBP5 inhibited trophoblast IL-6 secretion by suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling, thereby promoting macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype. Meanwhile, FKBP5 was significantly elevated in decidual macrophages from patients with RSA and promoted M1 macrophage polarization via ROS/NF-κB signaling and further inhibited trophoblast function. Finally, FKBP5 inhibitors improved embryo resorption rate in miscarried mice. In conclusion, FKBP5 is essential in maintaining pregnancy and trophoblast-macrophage crosstalk in the maternal-fetal interface, which may be a potential target for diagnosing and treating RSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Lin Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Yu Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Ji
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Liang Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Duan Ying Guo
- Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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29
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Sun W, Yuan Y, Chen J, Bao Q, Shang M, Sun P, Peng H. Construction and validation of a novel senescence-related risk score can help predict the prognosis and tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer patients and determine that STK40 can affect the ROS accumulation and proliferation ability of gastric cancer cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1259231. [PMID: 37915566 PMCID: PMC10616298 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1259231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, significant molecules have been found in gastric cancer research. However, their precise roles in the disease's development and progression remain unclear. Given gastric cancer's heterogeneity, prognosis prediction is challenging. This study aims to assess patient prognosis and immune therapy efficacy using multiple key molecules. Method The WGCNA algorithm was employed to identify modules of genes closely related to immunity. A prognostic model was established using the Lasso-Cox method to predict patients' prognosis. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was conducted to quantify the relative abundance of 16 immune cell types and 13 immune functions. The relationship between risk score and TMB, MSI, immune checkpoints, and DNA repair genes was examined to predict the effectiveness of immune therapy. GO and KEGG analyses were performed to explore potential pathways and mechanisms associated with the genes of interest. Single-cell RNA sequencing was utilized to investigate the expression patterns of key genes in different cell types. Results Through the WGCNA algorithm and Lasso-Cox algorithm selected KL, SERPINE1, and STK40 as key genes for constructing the prognostic model. The SSGSEA algorithm was employed to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells and immune functions in different patients, and their association with the risk score was investigated. The high-risk group exhibited lower TMB and MSI compared to the low-risk group. MMR and immune checkpoint analysis revealed a significant correlation between the risk score and multiple molecules. Finally, we also believe that STK40 is the most critical senescence-related gene affecting the progression of gastric cancer. In vitro experiments showed that ROS accumulation and cell proliferation ability of gastric cancer cells were impaired when STK40 was knocked down. Conclusion In summary, we've constructed a prognostic model utilizing key genes for gastric cancer prognosis, while also showcasing its efficacy in predicting patient response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Sun
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Chen
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengsi Shang
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixia Peng
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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30
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Chang L, Huang R, Chen J, Li G, Shi G, Xu B, Wang L. An alpha-helix variant p.Arg156Pro in LMNA as a cause of hereditary dilated cardiomyopathy: genetics and bioinfomatics exploration. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:229. [PMID: 37784143 PMCID: PMC10544607 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
LMNA gene encodes lamin A/C protein which participates in the construction of nuclear lamina, the mutations of LMNA result in a wide variety of diseases known as laminopathies. LMNA-related dilated cardiomyopathy(LMNA-DCM) is one of the more common laminopathy which characterized by progressive heart failure and arrhythmia. However, the mutation features of LMNA-DCM are yet to be elucidated. Herein we described a dilated cardiomyopathy family carrying novel variant c.467G > C(p.Arg156Pro) of LMNA as heterozygous pathogenic variant identified by whole-exome sequencing. With the help of Alphafold2, we predicted mutant protein structure and found an interrupted α-helix region in lamin A/C. In the analysis of 49 confirmed pathogenic missense of laminopathies, Chi-square test showed the DCM phenotype was related to the α-helix region mutation (p < 0.017). After screening the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both mice models and human patients in Gene Expression Omnibus database, we found the variation of α-helix-coding region in LMNA caused abnormal transcriptomic features in cell migration, collagen-containing extracellular matrix, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Subsequently we constructed (TF)-mRNA-microRNA (miRNA) regulatory network and identified 7 key genes (FMOD, CYP1B1, CA3, F2RL1, HAPLIN1, SNAP91, and KANSL1) as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets in LMNA-DCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Jianzhou Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Guannan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Guangfei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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Liu H, Li T, Ma B, Wang Y, Sun J. Hyaluronan and Proteoglycan Link Protein 1 Activates the BMP4/Smad1/5/8 Signaling Pathway to Promote Osteogenic Differentiation: an Implication in Fracture Healing. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1653-1663. [PMID: 36737556 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblast regeneration, characterized by osteoblast differentiation, is the basis of fracture healing and accelerates fracture repair. It has been reported that hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) is overexpressed during osteoblast differentiation and regulates cartilage regeneration, but its function in fracture healing remains unclear. To elucidate this issue, we collected clinical blood samples of fracture healing, established a femoral fracture rat model, and induced an osteoblast differentiation cell model. We found that HAPLN1 was overexpressed in the serum of patients with fracture healing and the bone tissues of rats with fracture healing. Furthermore, the expression of HAPLN1 was increased time dependently during the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. HAPLN1 silencing prevented osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells as evidenced by decreased osteoblast differentiation-related factors, suppressed alkaline phosphatase activities, and reduced alizarin red positive staining. Mechanically, the bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4)/Smad1/5/8 pathway, a facilitator of osteoblastic differentiation, was found to be inhibited by HAPLN1 knockdown, and inhibition of BMP4/Smad1/5/8 signaling enhanced the effects caused by HAPLN1 silencing. These findings demonstrated that HAPLN1 might promote fracture healing by facilitating osteogenic differentiation through the BMP4/Smad1/5/8 pathway, indicating that targeting HAPLN1 may be a feasible therapeutic candidate for fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ben Ma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Anhui Province Children's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, No. 39, Wangjiang East Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Zhao Y, Shen M, Wu L, Yang H, Yao Y, Yang Q, Du J, Liu L, Li Y, Bai Y. Stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment: accomplices of tumor progression? Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:587. [PMID: 37666813 PMCID: PMC10477351 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is made up of cells and extracellular matrix (non-cellular component), and cellular components include cancer cells and non-malignant cells such as immune cells and stromal cells. These three types of cells establish complex signals in the body and further influence tumor genesis, development, metastasis and participate in resistance to anti-tumor therapy. It has attracted scholars to study immune cells in TME due to the significant efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) in solid tumors and hematologic tumors. After more than 10 years of efforts, the role of immune cells in TME and the strategy of treating tumors based on immune cells have developed rapidly. Moreover, ICI have been recommended by guidelines as first- or second-line treatment strategies in a variety of tumors. At the same time, stromal cells is another major class of cellular components in TME, which also play a very important role in tumor metabolism, growth, metastasis, immune evasion and treatment resistance. Stromal cells can be recruited from neighboring non-cancerous host stromal cells and can also be formed by transdifferentiation from stromal cells to stromal cells or from tumor cells to stromal cells. Moreover, they participate in tumor genesis, development and drug resistance by secreting various factors and exosomes, participating in tumor angiogenesis and tumor metabolism, regulating the immune response in TME and extracellular matrix. However, with the deepening understanding of stromal cells, people found that stromal cells not only have the effect of promoting tumor but also can inhibit tumor in some cases. In this review, we will introduce the origin of stromal cells in TME as well as the role and specific mechanism of stromal cells in tumorigenesis and tumor development and strategies for treatment of tumors based on stromal cells. We will focus on tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), tumor-associated adipocytes (CAAs), tumor endothelial cells (TECs) and pericytes (PCs) in stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130033, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meili Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130033, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liangqiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Special Engineering Plastics Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haiqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Engineering Plastics Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yixuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Special Engineering Plastics Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qingbiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Engineering Plastics Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianshi Du
- Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130033, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130033, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Engineering Plastics Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Yuansong Bai
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130033, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Knipper K, Lyu SI, Quaas A, Bruns CJ, Schmidt T. Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Heterogeneity and Its Influence on the Extracellular Matrix and the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13482. [PMID: 37686288 PMCID: PMC10487587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment comprises multiple cell types, like cancer cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. In recent years, there have been massive research efforts focusing not only on cancer cells, but also on other cell types of the tumor microenvironment, thereby aiming to expand and determine novel treatment options. Fibroblasts represent a heterogenous cell family consisting of numerous subtypes, which can alter immune cell fractions, facilitate or inhibit tumor growth, build pre-metastatic niches, or stabilize vessels. These effects can be achieved through cell-cell interactions, which form the extracellular matrix, or via the secretion of cytokines or chemokines. The pro- or antitumorigenic fibroblast phenotypes show variability not only among different cancer entities, but also among intraindividual sites, including primary tumors or metastatic lesions. Commonly prescribed for arterial hypertension, the inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system have recently been described as having an inhibitory effect on fibroblasts. This inhibition leads to modified immune cell fractions and increased tissue stiffness, thereby contributing to overcoming therapy resistance and ultimately inhibiting tumor growth. However, it is important to note that the inhibition of fibroblasts can also have the opposite effect, potentially resulting in increased tumor growth. We aim to summarize the latest state of research regarding fibroblast heterogeneity and its intricate impact on the tumor microenvironment and extracellular matrix. Specifically, we focus on highlighting recent advancements in the comprehension of intraindividual heterogeneity and therapy options within this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Knipper
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (K.K.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Su Ir Lyu
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.I.L.); (A.Q.)
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (S.I.L.); (A.Q.)
| | - Christiane J. Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (K.K.); (C.J.B.)
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (K.K.); (C.J.B.)
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Yang P, Yang W, Wei Z, Li Y, Yang Y, Wang J. Novel targets for gastric cancer: The tumor microenvironment (TME), N6-methyladenosine (m6A), pyroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis and cuproptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114883. [PMID: 37196545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a fatal illness, and its mortality rate is very high all over the world. At present, it is a serious health problem for any country. It is a multifactorial disease due to the rising drug resistance and the increasing global cancer burden, the treatment of GC still faces many obstacles and problems. In recent years, research on GC is being carried out continuously, and we hope to address the new targets of GC treatment through this review. At the same time, we also hope to discover new ways to fight GC and create more gospel for clinical patients. First, we discuss the descriptive tumor microenvironment (TME), N6-methyladenosine (m6A), pyroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis. Finally, we expounded on the new or potential targets of GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizheng Yang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Wanting Yang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Zhong Wei
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Department of Materials Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Yinfeng Yang
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China.
| | - Jinghui Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China.
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Shen K, Cheng Q, Xiao J, Zhou X, Wang Y, Liu K, Ni P, Fan H, Hu L, Xu Z, Yang L. Polymorphism rs1057147 located in mesothelin gene predicts lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3637-3651. [PMID: 37145159 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis, a crucial factor in the spread of gastric cancer (GC), is strongly associated with a negative prognosis for patients. This study aimed to investigate the association of the mesothelin (MSLN) gene polymorphisms (rs3764247, rs3764246, rs12597489, rs1057147, and rs3765319) with the risk of lymph node metastasis of GC patients in a Chinese Han population. The PCR-LDR genotyping was used to detect the genotypes of MSLN polymorphisms in GC patients with lymph node metastasis (n = 610) or without (n = 356). Our research indicates that certain genetic markers, specifically rs3764247, rs3764246, rs12597489, and rs3765319, do not appear to be linked with an increased risk of lymph node metastasis in GC. However, we did observe that patients with the rs1057147 GA genotype exhibited a higher likelihood of lymph node metastasis in GC when compared to those with the GG genotype (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.01 - 1.76, P = 0.045). Patients with rs1057147 GA + AA genotype were found to have a higher likelihood of lymph node involvement (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.03 - 1.77, P = 0.029) when compared to those with GG genotype in the dominant model. The allelic model revealed that the A allele of rs1057147 exhibited a stronger correlation with lymph node metastasis compared to the G allele (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.02 - 1.60, P = 0.031). In addition, we found that rs1057147 polymorphism revealed a poor prognosis for GC patients with lymph node metastasis. Further stratified analysis revealed that the prognostic effect of rs1057147 was more pronounced in patients with GC who had lymph node metastasis and had a tumor size of 4 cm or greater, as well as more than 2 lymph node metastases. Bioinformatics studies showed that the binding mode of miR-3144-5p or miR-3619-3p to MSLN was altered by the mutation of rs1057147. Our study confirmed the important role of MSLN rs1057147 polymorphism locus in GC lymph node metastases and suggested a potential prognostic factor during GC progression. KEY POINTS: • Rs1057147 GA genotype had an increased risk of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. • The A allele of rs1057147 had a stronger association with lymph node metastasis than the G allele. • The binding mode of miR-3144-5p or miR-3619-3p to MSLN was altered by the mutation of rs1057147.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Shen
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanhang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kanghui Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peidong Ni
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang Branch Hospital of Jiangsu Province Hospital, Liyang, Jiangsu Province, China.
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36
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Wiedmann L, De Angelis Rigotti F, Vaquero-Siguero N, Donato E, Espinet E, Moll I, Alsina-Sanchis E, Bohnenberger H, Fernandez-Florido E, Mülfarth R, Vacca M, Gerwing J, Conradi LC, Ströbel P, Trumpp A, Mogler C, Fischer A, Rodriguez-Vita J. HAPLN1 potentiates peritoneal metastasis in pancreatic cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2353. [PMID: 37095087 PMCID: PMC10126109 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38064-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) frequently metastasizes into the peritoneum, which contributes to poor prognosis. Metastatic spreading is promoted by cancer cell plasticity, yet its regulation by the microenvironment is incompletely understood. Here, we show that the presence of hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein-1 (HAPLN1) in the extracellular matrix enhances tumor cell plasticity and PDAC metastasis. Bioinformatic analysis showed that HAPLN1 expression is enriched in the basal PDAC subtype and associated with worse overall patient survival. In a mouse model for peritoneal carcinomatosis, HAPLN1-induced immunomodulation favors a more permissive microenvironment, which accelerates the peritoneal spread of tumor cells. Mechanistically, HAPLN1, via upregulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2), promotes TNF-mediated upregulation of Hyaluronan (HA) production, facilitating EMT, stemness, invasion and immunomodulation. Extracellular HAPLN1 modifies cancer cells and fibroblasts, rendering them more immunomodulatory. As such, we identify HAPLN1 as a prognostic marker and as a driver for peritoneal metastasis in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Wiedmann
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca De Angelis Rigotti
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Tumor-Stroma Communication Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Vaquero-Siguero
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisa Donato
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- HI-STEM - Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisa Espinet
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- HI-STEM - Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology Program (Oncobell), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
| | - Iris Moll
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisenda Alsina-Sanchis
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hanibal Bohnenberger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elena Fernandez-Florido
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ronja Mülfarth
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margherita Vacca
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Gerwing
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena-Christin Conradi
- Clinic of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straβe 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- HI-STEM - Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine gGmbH, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Juan Rodriguez-Vita
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Tumor-Stroma Communication Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012, Valencia, Spain.
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Lv C, Yan C, Xiang C, Yu L. Predictive value of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging in breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-11. [PMID: 36943110 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2191087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the predictive value of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Seventy-eight breast cancer patients treated in our hospital from March 2019 to March 2022 were recruited. They received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and were examined by conventional ultrasound and acoustic radiation force impulse imaging before chemotherapy and after two cycles of chemotherapy. The lesion diameter, intralesional blood flow pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), shear wave velocity (SWV), and change rate (Δlesion diameter, ΔPI, ΔRI, ΔSWV) were compared between the two groups before and after chemotherapy. The receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive power of related parameters on the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. After two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, according to the Miller-Payne grading, 57 cases (73.08%) with significant neoadjuvant chemotherapy response were classified as the response group, and 21 cases (26.92%) with non-significant response were classified as the non-response group. Before and after chemotherapy, the difference in lesion diameter, PI, RI, SWV, and change rate (Δlesion diameter, ΔPI, ΔRI, and ΔSWV) was statistically significant between the two groups (P < 0.05). The area under the curve of ΔSWV in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy 0.876 (95%CI 0.781 ~ 0.939) was significantly higher than that of Δlesion diameter 0.652 (95%CI 0.535 ~ 0.756), that of ΔPI 0.712 (95%CI 0.599 ~ 0.809), and that of ΔRI 0.678 (95%CI 0.563 ~ 0.780) (P < 0.05). The change rate of tissue stiffness has a relatively high predictive value for the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lv
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caoxin Yan
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunyuan Xiang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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De Bakshi D, Chen YC, Wuerzberger-Davis SM, Ma M, Waters BJ, Li L, Suzuki A, Miyamoto S. Ectopic CH60 mediates HAPLN1-induced cell survival signaling in multiple myeloma. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201636. [PMID: 36625202 PMCID: PMC9748848 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common hematological malignancy, is generally considered incurable because of the development of drug resistance. We previously reported that hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) produced by stromal cells induces activation of NF-κB, a tumor-supportive transcription factor, and promotes drug resistance in MM cells. However, the identity of the cell surface receptor that detects HAPLN1 and thereby engenders pro-tumorigenic signaling in MM cells remains unknown. Here, we performed an unbiased cell surface biotinylation assay and identified chaperonin 60 (CH60) as the direct binding partner of HAPLN1 on MM cells. Cell surface CH60 specifically interacted with TLR4 to evoke HAPLN1-induced NF-κB signaling, transcription of anti-apoptotic genes, and drug resistance in MM cells. Collectively, our findings identify a cell surface CH60-TLR4 complex as a HAPLN1 receptor and a potential molecular target to overcome drug resistance in MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debayan De Bakshi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- McArdle Laboratory of Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yu-Chia Chen
- McArdle Laboratory of Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shelly M Wuerzberger-Davis
- McArdle Laboratory of Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Min Ma
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bayley J Waters
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aussie Suzuki
- McArdle Laboratory of Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- McArdle Laboratory of Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Zhang Q, Wang Y, Liu F. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: Versatile mediators in remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Cell Signal 2023; 103:110567. [PMID: 36538999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Current cancer therapeutic strategies are generally not sufficient to eradicate malignancy, as cancer stroma cells contribute to tumor evasion and therapeutic resistance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) constitute a largely heterogeneous type of stromal cell population and are important components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). CAFs are the most abundant stromal cell type and are actively involved in tumor progression through complex mechanisms involving effects on other cell types. Research conducted in recent years has emphasized an emerging function of CAFs in the remodeling of the TME that promotes tumor progression with effects on response to treatment by various molecular mechanisms. A comprehensive mechanism of tumor-promoting activities of CAFs could facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In this review, the biological characterization of CAFs and the mechanisms of their effects on TME remodeling are summarized. Furthermore, we also highlight currently available therapeutic strategies targeting CAF in the context of optimizing the success of immunotherapies and briefly discuss possible future perspectives and challenges related to CAF studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Fusheng Liu
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100070, China.
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Wu H, Xiang Z, Huang G, He Q, Song J, Dou R, Yang C, Wang S, Xiong B. BGN/FAP/STAT3 positive feedback loop mediated mutual interaction between tumor cells and mesothelial cells contributes to peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:465-483. [PMID: 36632455 PMCID: PMC9830517 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is most frequent in gastric cancer (GC) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a critical role in this process. However, the concrete mechanism of crosstalk between CAFs and cancer cells in PM of GC remains unclear. Microarray sequencing of GC focus and PM lesions was performed, and biglycan (BGN) was screened for further study. Clinically, BGN expression was higher in GC tissues than adjacent normal tissues, and high expression correlated with poor prognosis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that BGN promoted tumor progression and the transformation of mesothelial cells (MCs) into cancer-associated fibroblasts like cells (CAFLCs). In turn, CAFLCs-derived fibroblast activation protein (FAP) facilitated the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of GC cells. GC-derived BGN combined with toll like receptor 2 (TLR2)/TLR4 on MCs to activate the NF-κB pathway and promote the transformation of MCs into CAFLCs by the recovery experiment, coimmunoprecipitation assay, nuclear and cytoplasmic protein extraction assay. CAFLCs-derived FAP could activate the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in GC. Finally, activated STAT3 promoted BGN transcription in GC, resulting in a BGN/FAP-STAT3 positive feedback loop. Taken together, mutual interaction between tumor cells and activated MCs mediated by a BGN/FAP-STAT3 positive feedback loop facilitates PM of GC and provides a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for GC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxian Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoquan Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, 445000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuming He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialing Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongzhang Dou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaogang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Bin Xiong, ; Shuyi Wang,
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Bin Xiong, ; Shuyi Wang,
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Wei J, Wang M, Li G. Cancer-associated fibroblasts, and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1048922. [PMID: 36874089 PMCID: PMC9981791 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1048922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To systematically evaluate the relationship between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of gastric cancer, so as to provide new directions and clinical evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library to identify studies on the correlation between tumor-associated fibroblasts and the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer. Two researchers screened the literature independently to extract data, evaluated the quality of the included studies, and used the Review Manager 5.4 software to perform a meta-analysis. Results A total of 14 studies involving a total of 2,703 patients were included. The meta-analysis results showed that high expression of CAFs was associated with stage III-IV gastric cancer (relative risk ratio [RR]=1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.24-2.04]; P=0.0003), lymph node metastasis (RR=1.51; 95% CI: [1.23-1.87]; P=0.0001), serosal infiltration (RR=1.56, 95% CI: [1.24-1.95]; P=0.0001), diffuse and mixed types in Lauren classification (RR=1.43; 95% CI: [1.18-1.74]; P=0.0003), vascular invasion (RR=1.99; 95% CI: [1.26-3.14]; P=0.003), and overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]=1.38; 95% CI: [1.22-1.56]; P<0.00001). However, the high expression of CAFs was not significantly correlated with poorly differentiated gastric cancer (RR=1.03; 95% CI: [0.96-1.10]; P=0.45) and gastric cancer with tumor diameter >5 cm (RR=1.34; 95% CI: [0.98-1.83]; P=0.07). Conclusion The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrated that high expression of CAFs is closely associated with the traditional pathological indicators related to poor prognosis in gastric cancer, and is a valuable prognostic factor in this setting. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022358165.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwu Wei
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mingxia Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Guixiang Li
- Cancer Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Fibronectin 1 derived from tumor-associated macrophages and fibroblasts promotes metastasis through the JUN pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109420. [PMID: 36461607 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment is a potential regulator of metastasis. To explore the specific mechanism, we performed a multi-omics analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Multiple omics data including scRNA-seq, ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, and methylation data were obtained from GEO and TCGA databases. SCENIC was used to identify key transcription factors and their Regulatory networks. ScMLnet was used to explore the mechanism of intercellular communication in the microenvironment. Multiple omics studies based on RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and methylation data were used to explore downstream mechanisms of key transcription factors. Based on the analysis of cell differentiation trajectory and transcription subtypes, the regulation of cell communication on tumor subtypes was studied, and possible therapeutic compounds were explored. The universality of this mechanism was investigated by post-Pan-cancer analysis. RESULTS JUN and its regulatory network play a key role in HCC, which was mainly positively correlated with tumor-associated macrophages and fibroblasts. Intercellular communication analysis showed that macrophage and fibroblast-derived FN1 could increase JUN by TNFRSF11B/SMAD3. Multiomics analysis showed that KIF13A was a key downstream gene of JUN, which was involved in the activation of the hippo pathway. Analysis of cell differentiation trajectory, transcriptome subtypes, and neural network modeling showed that intercellular communication in the microenvironment can regulate the transcriptome characterization of HCC. Pan-cancer analysis indicates that this mechanism may be universal. CONCLUSION FN1 derived from tumor-associated macrophages and fibroblasts promotes metastasis and alters transcriptome subtypes through the JUN-Hippo signaling pathway in HCC, which may be universal in cancers.
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Liu Y, Li C, Lu Y, Liu C, Yang W. Tumor microenvironment-mediated immune tolerance in development and treatment of gastric cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1016817. [PMID: 36341377 PMCID: PMC9630479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is the general term for all non-cancer components and their metabolites in tumor tissue. These components include the extracellular matrix, fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. In the early stages of tumors, the tumor microenvironment has a tumor suppressor function. As the tumor progresses, tumor immune tolerance is induced under the action of various factors, such that the tumor suppressor microenvironment is continuously transformed into a tumor-promoting microenvironment, which promotes tumor immune escape. Eventually, tumor cells manifest the characteristics of malignant proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. In recent years, stress effects of the extracellular matrix, metabolic and phenotypic changes of innate immune cells (such as neutrophils, mast cells), and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment have been revealed to mediate the emerging mechanisms of immune tolerance, providing us with a large number of emerging therapeutic targets to relieve tumor immune tolerance. Gastric cancer is one of the most common digestive tract malignancies worldwide, whose mortality rate remains high. According to latest guidelines, the first-line chemotherapy of advanced gastric cancer is the traditional platinum and fluorouracil therapy, while immunotherapy for gastric cancer is extremely limited, including only Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) targeted drugs, whose benefits are limited. Clinical experiments confirmed that cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and other targeted drugs alone or in combination with other drugs have limited efficacy in patients with advanced gastric cancer, far less than in lung cancer, colon cancer, and other tumors. The failure of immunotherapy is mainly related to the induction of immune tolerance in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer. Therefore, solving the immune tolerance of tumors is key to the success of gastric cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we summarize the latest mechanisms of various components of the tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer for inducing immune tolerance and promoting the formation of the malignant phenotype of gastric cancer, as well as the research progress of targeting the tumor microenvironment to overcome immune tolerance in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanda Liu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changfeng Li
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Changfeng Li, ; Wei Yang,
| | - Yaoping Lu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Changfeng Li, ; Wei Yang,
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Mak TK, Li X, Huang H, Wu K, Huang Z, He Y, Zhang C. The cancer-associated fibroblast-related signature predicts prognosis and indicates immune microenvironment infiltration in gastric cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951214. [PMID: 35967313 PMCID: PMC9372353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers, with a wide range of symptoms and outcomes. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are newly identified in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and associated with GC progression, prognosis, and treatment response. A novel CAF-associated prognostic model is urgently needed to improve treatment strategies. Methods The detailed data of GC samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GSE62254, GSE26253, and GSE84437 datasets, then obtained 18 unique CAF-related genes from the research papers. Eight hundred eight individuals with GC were classified as TCGA or GSE84437 using consensus clustering by the selected CAF-related genes. The difference between the two subtypes revealed in this study was utilized to create the “CAF-related signature score” (CAFS-score) prognostic model and validated with the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Results We identified two CAF subtypes characterized by high and low CAFS-score in this study. GC patients in the low CAFS-score group had a better OS than those in the high CAFS-score group, and the cancer-related malignant pathways were more active in the high CAFS-score group, compared to the low CAFS-score group. We found that there was more early TNM stage in the low CAFS-score subgroup, while there was more advanced TNM stage in the high CAFS-score subgroup. The expression of TMB was significantly higher in the low CAFS-score subgroup than in the high CAFS-score subgroup. A low CAFS-score was linked to increased microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), mutation load, and immunological activation. Furthermore, the CAFS-score was linked to the cancer stem cell (CSC) index as well as chemotherapeutic treatment sensitivity. The patients in the high CAFS-score subgroup had significantly higher proportions of monocytes, M2 macrophages, and resting mast cells, while plasma cells and follicular helper T cells were more abundant in the low-risk subgroup. The CAFS-score was also highly correlated with the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs. The low CAFS-score group was more likely to have an immune response and respond to immunotherapy. We developed a nomogram to improve the CAFS-clinical score’s usefulness. Conclusion The CAFS-score may have a significant role in the TME, clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis, CSC, MSI, and drug sensitivity, according to our investigation of CAFs in GC. We also analyzed the value of the CAFS-score in immune response and immunotherapy. This work provides a foundation for improving prognosis and responding to immunotherapy in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Kin Mak
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing Li
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huaping Huang
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaiming Wu
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijian Huang, ; Yulong He, ; Changhua Zhang,
| | - Yulong He
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijian Huang, ; Yulong He, ; Changhua Zhang,
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijian Huang, ; Yulong He, ; Changhua Zhang,
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Analysis of Genomic Alterations Associated with Recurrence in Early Stage HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153650. [PMID: 35954313 PMCID: PMC9367395 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to compare gene expression in primary tumors of patients with recurrence and nonrecurrence to gain insight into the biology of high-risk HER2-positive early breast cancer. Patients who underwent curative resection and received adjuvant trastuzumab for HER2-positive early breast cancer were evaluated. Gene expression analyses were performed using NanoString Technologies’ nCounter Breast Cancer 360 Panel. PAM50 intrinsic subtypes and Breast Cancer Signatures including tumor inflammation signature (TIS) were evaluated. Of 247 patients, 28 (11.3%) had recurrence at a median follow-up of 54.2 months. Patients with pathological stage III, tumor size > 5 cm, axillary lymph node metastases, and hormone receptor-negativity were more frequently observed in the recurrent group compared with the nonrecurrent group. In patients with recurrence, seven genes were upregulated significantly, including WNT11, HAPLN1, FGF10, BBOX1, CXADR, NDP, and EREG, and two genes were downregulated, including CXCL9 and GNLY. TIS score was significantly lower in patients with recurrence compared with controls without recurrence. These findings suggest that activation of oncogenic signaling pathways related to cell proliferation, adhesion, cancer stemness, and noninflamed tumor microenvironment are associated with the risk of recurrence in early stage, HER2-positive breast cancer.
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