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Casarella S, Ferla F, Di Francesco D, Canciani E, Rizzi M, Boccafoschi F. Focal Adhesion's Role in Cardiomyocytes Function: From Cardiomyogenesis to Mechanotransduction. Cells 2024; 13:664. [PMID: 38667279 PMCID: PMC11049660 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction refers to the ability of cells to sense mechanical stimuli and convert them into biochemical signals. In this context, the key players are focal adhesions (FAs): multiprotein complexes that link intracellular actin bundles and the extracellular matrix (ECM). FAs are involved in cellular adhesion, growth, differentiation, gene expression, migration, communication, force transmission, and contractility. Focal adhesion signaling molecules, including Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), integrins, vinculin, and paxillin, also play pivotal roles in cardiomyogenesis, impacting cell proliferation and heart tube looping. In fact, cardiomyocytes sense ECM stiffness through integrins, modulating signaling pathways like PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin. Moreover, FAK/Src complex activation mediates cardiac hypertrophic growth and survival signaling in response to mechanical loads. This review provides an overview of the molecular and mechanical mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between FAs and cardiac differentiation, as well as the role of FA-mediated mechanotransduction in guiding cardiac muscle responses to mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Casarella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Federica Ferla
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Dalila Di Francesco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, CRC-I, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering, University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Elena Canciani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Manuela Rizzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.C.); (D.D.F.); (E.C.); (M.R.)
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2
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Benko A, Webster TJ. How to fix a broken heart-designing biofunctional cues for effective, environmentally-friendly cardiac tissue engineering. Front Chem 2023; 11:1267018. [PMID: 37901157 PMCID: PMC10602933 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1267018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases bear strong socioeconomic and ecological impact on the worldwide healthcare system. A large consumption of goods, use of polymer-based cardiovascular biomaterials, and long hospitalization times add up to an extensive carbon footprint on the environment often turning out to be ineffective at healing such cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, cardiac cell toxicity is among the most severe but common side effect of drugs used to treat numerous diseases from COVID-19 to diabetes, often resulting in the withdrawal of such pharmaceuticals from the market. Currently, most patients that have suffered from cardiovascular disease will never fully recover. All of these factors further contribute to the extensive negative toll pharmaceutical, biotechnological, and biomedical companies have on the environment. Hence, there is a dire need to develop new environmentally-friendly strategies that on the one hand would promise cardiac tissue regeneration after damage and on the other hand would offer solutions for the fast screening of drugs to ensure that they do not cause cardiovascular toxicity. Importantly, both require one thing-a mature, functioning cardiac tissue that can be fabricated in a fast, reliable, and repeatable manner from environmentally friendly biomaterials in the lab. This is not an easy task to complete as numerous approaches have been undertaken, separately and combined, to achieve it. This review gathers such strategies and provides insights into which succeed or fail and what is needed for the field of environmentally-friendly cardiac tissue engineering to prosper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J. Webster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- School of Engineering, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Program in Materials Science, UFPI, Teresina, Brazil
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3
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Khan A, Kumari P, Kumari N, Shaikh U, Ekhator C, Halappa Nagaraj R, Yadav V, Khan AW, Lazarevic S, Bharati B, Lakshmipriya Vetrivendan G, Mulmi A, Mohamed H, Ullah A, Kadel B, Bellegarde SB, Rehman A. Biomimetic Approaches in Cardiac Tissue Engineering: Replicating the Native Heart Microenvironment. Cureus 2023; 15:e43431. [PMID: 37581196 PMCID: PMC10423641 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, pose significant challenges in medical practice, necessitating innovative approaches for cardiac repair and regeneration. Cardiac tissue engineering has emerged as a promising solution, aiming to develop functional and physiologically relevant cardiac tissue constructs. Replicating the native heart microenvironment, with its complex and dynamic milieu necessary for cardiac tissue growth and function, is crucial in tissue engineering. Biomimetic strategies that closely mimic the natural heart microenvironment have gained significant interest due to their potential to enhance synthetic cardiac tissue functionality and therapeutic applicability. Biomimetic approaches focus on mimicking biochemical cues, mechanical stimuli, coordinated electrical signaling, and cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions of cardiac tissue. By combining bioactive ligands, controlled delivery systems, appropriate biomaterial characteristics, electrical signals, and strategies to enhance cell interactions, biomimetic approaches provide a more physiologically relevant environment for tissue growth. The replication of the native cardiac microenvironment enables precise regulation of cellular responses, tissue remodeling, and the development of functional cardiac tissue constructs. Challenges and future directions include refining complex biochemical signaling networks, paracrine signaling, synchronized electrical networks, and cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions. Advancements in biomimetic approaches hold great promise for cardiovascular regenerative medicine, offering potential therapeutic strategies and revolutionizing cardiac disease modeling. These approaches contribute to the development of more effective treatments, personalized medicine, and improved patient outcomes. Ongoing research and innovation in biomimetic approaches have the potential to revolutionize regenerative medicine and cardiac disease modeling by replicating the native heart microenvironment, advancing functional cardiac tissue engineering, and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoosha Khan
- Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Priya Kumari
- Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK
| | - Naina Kumari
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Usman Shaikh
- Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Chukwuyem Ekhator
- Neuro-Oncology, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, USA
| | | | - Vikas Yadav
- Internal Medicine, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, IND
| | | | | | - Bishal Bharati
- Internal Medicine, Nepal Medical College, Kathmandu, NPL
| | | | | | - Hana Mohamed
- Medicine, United Nations Study & Understanding, The International Academy, Khartoum, SDN
- Medicine, Elrazi University, Khartoum, SDN
| | | | - Bijan Kadel
- Internal Medicine, Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, NPL
| | - Sophia B Bellegarde
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Antigua, St. John's, ATG
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4
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Wang C, Ramahdita G, Genin G, Huebsch N, Ma Z. Dynamic mechanobiology of cardiac cells and tissues: Current status and future perspective. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011314. [PMID: 37008887 PMCID: PMC10062054 DOI: 10.1063/5.0141269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces impact cardiac cells and tissues over their entire lifespan, from development to growth and eventually to pathophysiology. However, the mechanobiological pathways that drive cell and tissue responses to mechanical forces are only now beginning to be understood, due in part to the challenges in replicating the evolving dynamic microenvironments of cardiac cells and tissues in a laboratory setting. Although many in vitro cardiac models have been established to provide specific stiffness, topography, or viscoelasticity to cardiac cells and tissues via biomaterial scaffolds or external stimuli, technologies for presenting time-evolving mechanical microenvironments have only recently been developed. In this review, we summarize the range of in vitro platforms that have been used for cardiac mechanobiological studies. We provide a comprehensive review on phenotypic and molecular changes of cardiomyocytes in response to these environments, with a focus on how dynamic mechanical cues are transduced and deciphered. We conclude with our vision of how these findings will help to define the baseline of heart pathology and of how these in vitro systems will potentially serve to improve the development of therapies for heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghiska Ramahdita
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | | | | | - Zhen Ma
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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5
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Cardiac Differentiation Promotes Focal Adhesions Assembly through Vinculin Recruitment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032444. [PMID: 36768766 PMCID: PMC9916732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of the cardiovascular system are physiologically exposed to a variety of mechanical forces fundamental for both cardiac development and functions. In this context, forces generated by actomyosin networks and those transmitted through focal adhesion (FA) complexes represent the key regulators of cellular behaviors in terms of cytoskeleton dynamism, cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and tissue organization. In this study, we investigated the involvement of FAs on cardiomyocyte differentiation. In particular, vinculin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) family, which are known to be involved in cardiac differentiation, were studied. Results revealed that differentiation conditions induce an upregulation of both FAK-Tyr397 and vinculin, resulting also in the translocation to the cell membrane. Moreover, the role of mechanical stress in contractile phenotype expression was investigated by applying a uniaxial mechanical stretching (5% substrate deformation, 1 Hz frequency). Morphological evaluation revealed that the cell shape showed a spindle shape and reoriented following the stretching direction. Substrate deformation resulted also in modification of the length and the number of vinculin-positive FAs. We can, therefore, suggest that mechanotransductive pathways, activated through FAs, are highly involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation, thus confirming their role during cytoskeleton rearrangement and cardiac myofilament maturation.
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Basara G, Bahcecioglu G, Ozcebe SG, Ellis BW, Ronan G, Zorlutuna P. Myocardial infarction from a tissue engineering and regenerative medicine point of view: A comprehensive review on models and treatments. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 3:031305. [PMID: 36091931 PMCID: PMC9447372 DOI: 10.1063/5.0093399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the modern world, myocardial infarction is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, which are responsible for around 18 million deaths every year or almost 32% of all deaths. Due to the detrimental effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system, this rate is expected to increase in the coming years. Although there has been some progress in myocardial infarction treatment, translating pre-clinical findings to the clinic remains a major challenge. One reason for this is the lack of reliable and human representative healthy and fibrotic cardiac tissue models that can be used to understand the fundamentals of ischemic/reperfusion injury caused by myocardial infarction and to test new drugs and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we first present an overview of the anatomy of the heart and the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction, and then discuss the recent developments on pre-clinical infarct models, focusing mainly on the engineered three-dimensional cardiac ischemic/reperfusion injury and fibrosis models developed using different engineering methods such as organoids, microfluidic devices, and bioprinted constructs. We also present the benefits and limitations of emerging and promising regenerative therapy treatments for myocardial infarction such as cell therapies, extracellular vesicles, and cardiac patches. This review aims to overview recent advances in three-dimensional engineered infarct models and current regenerative therapeutic options, which can be used as a guide for developing new models and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Basara
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Gokhan Bahcecioglu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - S. Gulberk Ozcebe
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Bradley W Ellis
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - George Ronan
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Present address: 143 Multidisciplinary Research Building, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556. Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +1 574 631 8543. Fax: +1 574 631 8341
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7
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Béland J, Duverger JE, Comtois P. Novel Analysis Method for Beating Cells Videomicroscopy Data: Functional Characterization of Culture Samples. Front Physiol 2022; 13:733706. [PMID: 35242049 PMCID: PMC8886216 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.733706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell culture of cardiac tissue analog is becoming increasingly interesting for regenerative medicine (cell therapy and tissue engineering) and is widely used for high throughput cardiotoxicity. As a cost-effective approach to rapidly discard new compounds with high toxicity risks, cardiotoxicity evaluation is firstly done in vitro requiring cells/tissue with physiological/pathological characteristics (close to in vivo properties). Studying multicellular electrophysiological and contractile properties is needed to assess drug effects. Techniques favoring process automation which could help in simplifying screening drug candidates are thus of central importance. A lot of effort has been made to ameliorate in vitro models including several in vitro platforms for engineering neonatal rat cardiac tissues. However, most of the initial evaluation is done by studying the rate of activity. In this study, we present new approaches that use the videomicroscopy video of monolayer activity to study contractile properties of beating cells in culture. Two new variables are proposed which are linked to the contraction dynamics and are dependent on the rhythm of activity. Methods for evaluation of regional synchronicity within the image field of view are also presented that can rapidly determine regions with abnormal activity or heterogeneity in contraction dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Béland
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James Elber Duverger
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Comtois
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Philippe Comtois,
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8
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Sherman WF, Asad M, Grosberg A. An Energetic Approach to Modeling Cytoskeletal Architecture in Maturing Cardiomyocytes. J Biomech Eng 2022; 144:021002. [PMID: 34382649 PMCID: PMC8547018 DOI: 10.1115/1.4052112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Through a variety of mechanisms, a healthy heart is able to regulate its structure and dynamics across multiple length scales. Disruption of these mechanisms can have a cascading effect, resulting in severe structural and/or functional changes that permeate across different length scales. Due to this hierarchical structure, there is interest in understanding how the components at the various scales coordinate and influence each other. However, much is unknown regarding how myofibril bundles are organized within a densely packed cell and the influence of the subcellular components on the architecture that is formed. To elucidate potential factors influencing cytoskeletal development, we proposed a computational model that integrated interactions at both the cellular and subcellular scale to predict the location of individual myofibril bundles that contributed to the formation of an energetically favorable cytoskeletal network. Our model was tested and validated using experimental metrics derived from analyzing single-cell cardiomyocytes. We demonstrated that our model-generated networks were capable of reproducing the variation observed in experimental cells at different length scales as a result of the stochasticity inherent in the different interactions between the various cellular components. Additionally, we showed that incorporating length-scale parameters resulted in physical constraints that directed cytoskeletal architecture toward a structurally consistent motif. Understanding the mechanisms guiding the formation and organization of the cytoskeleton in individual cardiomyocytes can aid tissue engineers toward developing functional cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F. Sherman
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Mira Asad
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Anna Grosberg
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
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9
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Urdeitx P, Doweidar MH. Enhanced Piezoelectric Fibered Extracellular Matrix to Promote Cardiomyocyte Maturation and Tissue Formation: A 3D Computational Model. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020135. [PMID: 33572184 PMCID: PMC7914718 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical and electrical stimuli play a key role in tissue formation, guiding cell processes such as cell migration, differentiation, maturation, and apoptosis. Monitoring and controlling these stimuli on in vitro experiments is not straightforward due to the coupling of these different stimuli. In addition, active and reciprocal cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions are essential to be considered during formation of complex tissue such as myocardial tissue. In this sense, computational models can offer new perspectives and key information on the cell microenvironment. Thus, we present a new computational 3D model, based on the Finite Element Method, where a complex extracellular matrix with piezoelectric properties interacts with cardiac muscle cells during the first steps of tissue formation. This model includes collective behavior and cell processes such as cell migration, maturation, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The model has employed to study the initial stages of in vitro cardiac aggregate formation, considering cell-cell junctions, under different extracellular matrix configurations. Three different cases have been purposed to evaluate cell behavior in fibered, mechanically stimulated fibered, and mechanically stimulated piezoelectric fibered extra-cellular matrix. In this last case, the cells are guided by the coupling of mechanical and electrical stimuli. Accordingly, the obtained results show the formation of more elongated groups and enhancement in cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Urdeitx
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Architecture (EINA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mohamed H. Doweidar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering and Architecture (EINA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence:
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10
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Optimizing mechanical stretching protocols for hypertrophic and anti-apoptotic responses in cardiomyocyte-like H9C2 cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:645-655. [PMID: 33394230 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes possess the ability to respond to mechanical stimuli by reprogramming their gene expression. This study investigated the effects of different loading protocols on signaling and expression responses of myogenic, anabolic, inflammatory, atrophy and pro-apoptotic genes in cardiomyocyte-like H9C2 cells. Differentiated H9C2 cells underwent various stretching protocols by altering their elongation, frequency and duration, utilizing an in vitro cell tension system. The loading-induced expression changes of MyoD, Myogenin, MRF4, IGF-1 isoforms, Atrogin-1, Foxo1, Fuca and IL-6 were measured by Real Time-PCR. The stretching-induced activation of Akt and Erk 1/2 was also evaluated by Western blot analysis. Low strain (2.7% elongation), low frequency (0.25 Hz) and intermediate duration (12 h) stretching protocol was overall the most effective in inducing beneficial responses, i.e., protein synthesis along with the suppression of apoptosis, inflammation and atrophy, in the differentiated cardiomyocytes. These findings demonstrated that varying the characteristics of mechanical loading applied on H9C2 cells in vitro can regulate their anabolic/survival program.
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Zhang W, Huang G, Xu F. Engineering Biomaterials and Approaches for Mechanical Stretching of Cells in Three Dimensions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:589590. [PMID: 33154967 PMCID: PMC7591716 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.589590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stretch is widely experienced by cells of different tissues in the human body and plays critical roles in regulating their behaviors. Numerous studies have been devoted to investigating the responses of cells to mechanical stretch, providing us with fruitful findings. However, these findings have been mostly observed from two-dimensional studies and increasing evidence suggests that cells in three dimensions may behave more closely to their in vivo behaviors. While significant efforts and progresses have been made in the engineering of biomaterials and approaches for mechanical stretching of cells in three dimensions, much work remains to be done. Here, we briefly review the state-of-the-art researches in this area, with focus on discussing biomaterial considerations and stretching approaches. We envision that with the development of advanced biomaterials, actuators and microengineering technologies, more versatile and predictive three-dimensional cell stretching models would be available soon for extensive applications in such fields as mechanobiology, tissue engineering, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoyou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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12
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Massai D, Pisani G, Isu G, Rodriguez Ruiz A, Cerino G, Galluzzi R, Pisanu A, Tonoli A, Bignardi C, Audenino AL, Marsano A, Morbiducci U. Bioreactor Platform for Biomimetic Culture and in situ Monitoring of the Mechanical Response of in vitro Engineered Models of Cardiac Tissue. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:733. [PMID: 32766218 PMCID: PMC7381147 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, relevant advances have been made in the generation of engineered cardiac constructs to be used as functional in vitro models for cardiac research or drug testing, and with the ultimate but still challenging goal of repairing the damaged myocardium. To support cardiac tissue generation and maturation in vitro, the application of biomimetic physical stimuli within dedicated bioreactors is crucial. In particular, cardiac-like mechanical stimulation has been demonstrated to promote development and maturation of cardiac tissue models. Here, we developed an automated bioreactor platform for tunable cyclic stretch and in situ monitoring of the mechanical response of in vitro engineered cardiac tissues. To demonstrate the bioreactor platform performance and to investigate the effects of cyclic stretch on construct maturation and contractility, we developed 3D annular cardiac tissue models based on neonatal rat cardiac cells embedded in fibrin hydrogel. The constructs were statically pre-cultured for 5 days and then exposed to 4 days of uniaxial cyclic stretch (sinusoidal waveform, 10% strain, 1 Hz) within the bioreactor. Explanatory biological tests showed that cyclic stretch promoted cardiomyocyte alignment, maintenance, and maturation, with enhanced expression of typical mature cardiac markers compared to static controls. Moreover, in situ monitoring showed increasing passive force of the constructs along the dynamic culture. Finally, only the stretched constructs were responsive to external electrical pacing with synchronous and regular contractile activity, further confirming that cyclic stretching was instrumental for their functional maturation. This study shows that the proposed bioreactor platform is a reliable device for cyclic stretch culture and in situ monitoring of the passive mechanical response of the cultured constructs. The innovative feature of acquiring passive force measurements in situ and along the culture allows monitoring the construct maturation trend without interrupting the culture, making the proposed device a powerful tool for in vitro investigation and ultimately production of functional engineered cardiac constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Massai
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pisani
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Isu
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andres Rodriguez Ruiz
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Cerino
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Renato Galluzzi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Pisanu
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Tonoli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Bignardi
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto L Audenino
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Marsano
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Umberto Morbiducci
- PolitoBIOMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Turin, Italy
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13
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Blair CA, Pruitt BL. Mechanobiology Assays with Applications in Cardiomyocyte Biology and Cardiotoxicity. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901656. [PMID: 32270928 PMCID: PMC7480481 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are the motor units that drive the contraction and relaxation of the heart. Traditionally, testing of drugs for cardiotoxic effects has relied on primary cardiomyocytes from animal models and focused on short-term, electrophysiological, and arrhythmogenic effects. However, primary cardiomyocytes present challenges arising from their limited viability in culture, and tissue from animal models suffers from a mismatch in their physiology to that of human heart muscle. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) can address these challenges. They also offer the potential to study not only electrophysiological effects but also changes in cardiomyocyte contractile and mechanical function in response to cardiotoxic drugs. With growing recognition of the long-term cardiotoxic effects of some drugs on subcellular structure and function, there is increasing interest in using hiPSC-CMs for in vitro cardiotoxicity studies. This review provides a brief overview of techniques that can be used to quantify changes in the active force that cardiomyocytes generate and variations in their inherent stiffness in response to cardiotoxic drugs. It concludes by discussing the application of these tools in understanding how cardiotoxic drugs directly impact the mechanobiology of cardiomyocytes and how cardiomyocytes sense and respond to mechanical load at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheavar A. Blair
- Department of mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Beth L. Pruitt
- Department of mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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14
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Morris TA, Naik J, Fibben KS, Kong X, Kiyono T, Yokomori K, Grosberg A. Striated myocyte structural integrity: Automated analysis of sarcomeric z-discs. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007676. [PMID: 32130207 PMCID: PMC7075639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As sarcomeres produce the force necessary for contraction, assessment of sarcomere order is paramount in evaluation of cardiac and skeletal myocytes. The uniaxial force produced by sarcomeres is ideally perpendicular to their z-lines, which couple parallel myofibrils and give cardiac and skeletal myocytes their distinct striated appearance. Accordingly, sarcomere structure is often evaluated by staining for z-line proteins such as α-actinin. However, due to limitations of current analysis methods, which require manual or semi-manual handling of images, the mechanism by which sarcomere and by extension z-line architecture can impact contraction and which characteristics of z-line architecture should be used to assess striated myocytes has not been fully explored. Challenges such as isolating z-lines from regions of off-target staining that occur along immature stress fibers and cell boundaries and choosing metrics to summarize overall z-line architecture have gone largely unaddressed in previous work. While an expert can qualitatively appraise tissues, these challenges leave researchers without robust, repeatable tools to assess z-line architecture across different labs and experiments. Additionally, the criteria used by experts to evaluate sarcomeric architecture have not been well-defined. We address these challenges by providing metrics that summarize different aspects of z-line architecture that correspond to expert tissue quality assessment and demonstrate their efficacy through an examination of engineered tissues and single cells. In doing so, we have elucidated a mechanism by which highly elongated cardiomyocytes become inefficient at producing force. Unlike previous manual or semi-manual methods, characterization of z-line architecture using the metrics discussed and implemented in this work can quantitatively evaluate engineered tissues and contribute to a robust understanding of the development and mechanics of striated muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Altair Morris
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Jasmine Naik
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Kirby Sinclair Fibben
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Xiangduo Kong
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yokomori
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Anna Grosberg
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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15
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Zhao G, Zhang X, Li B, Huang G, Xu F, Zhang X. Solvent-Free Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube/Silk Fibroin Electrospun Matrices for Enhancing Cardiomyocyte Functionalities. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1630-1640. [PMID: 33455382 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxu Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, No.2 Xuefuzhonglu Road, Xi’an 710021, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Bingcheng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Guoyou Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, P.R. China
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16
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Sherman WF, Grosberg A. Exploring cardiac form and function: A length-scale computational biology approach. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 12:e1470. [PMID: 31793215 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to adequately pump blood throughout the body is the result of tightly regulated feedback mechanisms that exist across many spatial scales in the heart. Diseases which impede the function at any one of the spatial scales can cause detrimental cardiac remodeling and eventual heart failure. An overarching goal of cardiac research is to use engineered heart tissue in vitro to study the physiology of diseased heart tissue, develop cell replacement therapies, and explore drug testing applications. A commonality within the field is to manipulate the flow of mechanical signals across the various spatial scales to direct self-organization and build functional tissue. Doing so requires an understanding of how chemical, electrical, and mechanical cues can be used to alter the cellular microenvironment. We discuss how mathematical models have been used in conjunction with experimental techniques to explore various structure-function relations that exist across numerous spatial scales. We highlight how a systems biology approach can be employed to recapitulate in vivo characteristics in vitro at the tissue, cell, and subcellular scales. Specific focus is placed on the interplay between experimental and theoretical approaches. Various modeling methods are showcased to demonstrate the breadth and power afforded to the systems biology approach. An overview of modeling methodologies exemplifies how the strengths of different scientific disciplines can be used to supplement and/or inspire new avenues of experimental exploration. This article is categorized under: Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Sherman
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.,Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Anna Grosberg
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.,Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.,NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
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17
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Zhao G, Bao X, Huang G, Xu F, Zhang X. Differential Effects of Directional Cyclic Stretching on the Functionalities of Engineered Cardiac Tissues. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3508-3519. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxu Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Bao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoyou Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Lui YS, Sow WT, Tan LP, Wu Y, Lai Y, Li H. 4D printing and stimuli-responsive materials in biomedical aspects. Acta Biomater 2019; 92:19-36. [PMID: 31071476 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has revolutionized the world manufacturing production. In biomedical applications, however, 3D printed constructs fell short of expectations mainly due to their inability to adequately mimic the dynamic human tissues. To date, most of the 3D printed biomedical structures are largely static and inanimate as they lack the time-dependant dimension. To adequately address the dynamic healing and regeneration process of human tissues, 4D printing emerges as an important development where "time" is incorporated into the conventional concept of 3D printing as the fourth dimension. As such, additive manufacturing (AM) evolves from 3D to 4D printing and in the process putting stimulus-responsive materials in the limelight. In this review, the state-of-the-art efforts in integrating the time-dependent behaviour of stimulus-responsive materials in 4D printing will be discussed. In addition, current literatures on the interactions between various types of stimuli (categorized under physical, chemical and biological signals) with the associated stimulus-responsive materials will be the major focus in this review. Lastly, potential usage of 4D printing in biomedical applications will also be discussed, followed by technical considerations as well as outlook for future discoveries. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this Review, we have demonstrated the significance of 4D printing in biomedical applications, in which "time" has been incorporated into the conventional concept of 3D printing as the 4th dimension. As such, 4D printing differentiates and evolves from 3D printing using stimulus-responsive materials which can actively respond to external stimuli and more sophisticated "hardware"-printer which can achieve multi-printing via mathematical-predicted designs that are programmed to consider the transformation of 3D constructs over time. The emphasize will be on the interactions between various types of stimuli (categorized under physical, chemical and biological signals) with the associated stimulus-responsive materials, followed by technical considerations as well as outlook for future discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Siang Lui
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wan Ting Sow
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lay Poh Tan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Yunlong Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361002, PR China
| | - Yuekun Lai
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325011, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Huaqiong Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325011, PR China.
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19
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Sauls K, Greco TM, Wang L, Zou M, Villasmil M, Qian L, Cristea IM, Conlon FL. Initiating Events in Direct Cardiomyocyte Reprogramming. Cell Rep 2019; 22:1913-1922. [PMID: 29444441 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells (iCM) holds great potential for heart regeneration and disease modeling and may lead to future therapeutic applications. Currently, application of this technology is limited by our lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive direct iCM reprogramming. Using a quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach, we identified the temporal global changes in protein abundance that occur during initial phases of iCM reprogramming. Collectively, our results show systematic and temporally distinct alterations in levels of specific functional classes of proteins during the initiating steps of reprogramming including extracellular matrix proteins, translation factors, and chromatin-binding proteins. We have constructed protein relational networks associated with the initial transition of a fibroblast into an iCM. These findings demonstrate the presence of an orchestrated series of temporal steps associated with dynamic changes in protein abundance in a defined group of protein pathways during the initiating events of direct reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Sauls
- University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Todd M Greco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Li Wang
- University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Meng Zou
- University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Michelle Villasmil
- University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Li Qian
- University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Frank L Conlon
- University of North Carolina McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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20
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Chen Z, Zhao R. Engineered Tissue Development in Biofabricated 3D Geometrical Confinement–A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3688-3702. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Ruogang Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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21
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Chatzifrangkeskou M, Yadin D, Marais T, Chardonnet S, Cohen-Tannoudji M, Mougenot N, Schmitt A, Crasto S, Di Pasquale E, Macquart C, Tanguy Y, Jebeniani I, Pucéat M, Morales Rodriguez B, Goldmann WH, Dal Ferro M, Biferi MG, Knaus P, Bonne G, Worman HJ, Muchir A. Cofilin-1 phosphorylation catalyzed by ERK1/2 alters cardiac actin dynamics in dilated cardiomyopathy caused by lamin A/C gene mutation. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:3060-3078. [PMID: 29878125 PMCID: PMC6097156 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyper-activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 contributes to heart dysfunction in cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA cardiomyopathy). The mechanism of how this affects cardiac function is unknown. We show that active phosphorylated ERK1/2 directly binds to and catalyzes the phosphorylation of the actin depolymerizing factor cofilin-1 on Thr25. Cofilin-1 becomes active and disassembles actin filaments in a large array of cellular and animal models of LMNA cardiomyopathy. In vivo expression of cofilin-1, phosphorylated on Thr25 by endogenous ERK1/2 signaling, leads to alterations in left ventricular function and cardiac actin. These results demonstrate a novel role for cofilin-1 on actin dynamics in cardiac muscle and provide a rationale on how increased ERK1/2 signaling leads to LMNA cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chatzifrangkeskou
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - David Yadin
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thibaut Marais
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Solenne Chardonnet
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM, UMS29 Omique, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Cohen-Tannoudji
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Mougenot
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM, UMS28 Phénotypage du Petit Animal, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Alain Schmitt
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016-CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris F-75014, France
| | - Silvia Crasto
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, National Research Council of Italy, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Elisa Di Pasquale
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Istituto Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, National Research Council of Italy, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Coline Macquart
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Yannick Tanguy
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Imen Jebeniani
- Faculté de Médecine La Timone, Université Aix-Marseille, INSERM UMR910, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Michel Pucéat
- Faculté de Médecine La Timone, Université Aix-Marseille, INSERM UMR910, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Blanca Morales Rodriguez
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Wolfgang H Goldmann
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matteo Dal Ferro
- Cardiovascular Department, Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria-Grazia Biferi
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Antoine Muchir
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, Center of Research in Myology, F-75013 Paris, France
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22
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Abstract
Laboratory studies of the heart use cell and tissue cultures to dissect heart function yet rely on animal models to measure pressure and volume dynamics. Here, we report tissue-engineered scale models of the human left ventricle, made of nanofibrous scaffolds that promote native-like anisotropic myocardial tissue genesis and chamber-level contractile function. Incorporating neonatal rat ventricular myocytes or cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, the tissue-engineered ventricles have a diastolic chamber volume of ~500 μL (comparable to that of the native rat ventricle and approximately 1/250 the size of the human ventricle), and ejection fractions and contractile work 50–250 times smaller and 104–108 times smaller than the corresponding values for rodent and human ventricles, respectively. We also measured tissue coverage and alignment, calcium-transient propagation and pressure/volume loops in the presence or absence of test compounds. Moreover, we describe an instrumented bioreactor with ventricular-assist capabilities, and provide a proof-of-concept disease model of structural arrhythmia. The model ventricles can be evaluated with the same assays used in animal models and in clinical settings.
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23
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Yuan H, Marzban B, Kit Parker K. Myofibrils in Cardiomyocytes Tend to Assemble Along the Maximal Principle Stress Directions. J Biomech Eng 2018; 139:2653368. [PMID: 28857113 DOI: 10.1115/1.4037795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the spatial organization of self-assembled myofibrils in cardiac tissues remain incompletely understood. By modeling cells as elastic solids under active cytoskeletal contraction, we found a good correlation between the predicted maximal principal stress directions and the in vitro myofibril orientations in individual cardiomyocytes. This implies that actomyosin fibers tend to assemble along the maximal tensile stress (MTS) directions. By considering the dynamics of focal adhesion and myofibril formation in the model, we showed that different patterns of myofibril organizations in mature versus immature cardiomyocytes can be explained as the consequence of the different levels of force-dependent remodeling of focal adhesions. Further, we applied the mechanics model to cell pairs and showed that the myofibril organizations can be regulated by a combination of multiple factors including cell shape, cell-substrate adhesions, and cell-cell adhesions. This mechanics model can guide the rational design in cardiac tissue engineering where recapitulating in vivo myofibril organizations is crucial to the contractile function of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Yuan
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881 e-mail:
| | - Bahador Marzban
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 e-mail:
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24
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Wang Z, Lee SJ, Cheng HJ, Yoo JJ, Atala A. 3D bioprinted functional and contractile cardiac tissue constructs. Acta Biomater 2018; 70:48-56. [PMID: 29452273 PMCID: PMC6022829 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineering of a functional cardiac tissue composed of primary cardiomyocytes has great potential for myocardial regeneration and in vitro tissue modeling. However, its applications remain limited because the cardiac tissue is a highly organized structure with unique physiologic, biomechanical, and electrical properties. In this study, we undertook a proof-of-concept study to develop a contractile cardiac tissue with cellular organization, uniformity, and scalability by using three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting strategy. Primary cardiomyocytes were isolated from infant rat hearts and suspended in a fibrin-based bioink to determine the priting capability for cardiac tissue engineering. This cell-laden hydrogel was sequentially printed with a sacrificial hydrogel and a supporting polymeric frame through a 300-µm nozzle by pressured air. Bioprinted cardiac tissue constructs had a spontaneous synchronous contraction in culture, implying in vitro cardiac tissue development and maturation. Progressive cardiac tissue development was confirmed by immunostaining for α-actinin and connexin 43, indicating that cardiac tissues were formed with uniformly aligned, dense, and electromechanically coupled cardiac cells. These constructs exhibited physiologic responses to known cardiac drugs regarding beating frequency and contraction forces. In addition, Notch signaling blockade significantly accelerated development and maturation of bioprinted cardiac tissues. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of bioprinting functional cardiac tissues that could be used for tissue engineering applications and pharmaceutical purposes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death in the United States and a major health-care burden. Myocardial infarction (MI) is a main cause of death in cardiovascular diseases. MI occurs as a consequence of sudden blocking of blood vessels supplying the heart. When occlusions in the coronary arteries occur, an immediate decrease in nutrient and oxygen supply to the cardiac muscle, resulting in permanent cardiac cell death. Eventually, scar tissue formed in the damaged cardiac muscle that cannot conduct electrical or mechanical stimuli thus leading to a reduction in the pumping efficiency of the heart. The therapeutic options available for end-stage heart failure is to undergo heart transplantation or the use of mechanical ventricular assist devices (VADs). However, many patients die while being on a waiting list, due to the organ shortage and limitation of VADs, such as surgical complications, infection, thrombogenesis, and failure of the electrical motor and hemolysis. Ultimately, 3D bioprinting strategy aims to create clinically applicable tissue constructs that can be immediately implanted in the body. To date, the focus on replicating complex and heterogeneous tissue constructs continues to increase as 3D bioprinting technologies advance. In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of 3D bioprinting strategy to bioengineer the functional cardiac tissue that possesses a highly organized structure with unique physiological and biomechanical properties similar to native cardiac tissue. This bioprinting strategy has great potential to precisely generate functional cardiac tissues for use in pharmaceutical and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Wang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Heng-Jie Cheng
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - James J Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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25
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Sheehy SP, Grosberg A, Qin P, Behm DJ, Ferrier JP, Eagleson MA, Nesmith AP, Krull D, Falls JG, Campbell PH, McCain ML, Willette RN, Hu E, Parker KK. Toward improved myocardial maturity in an organ-on-chip platform with immature cardiac myocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1643-1656. [PMID: 28343439 PMCID: PMC5786366 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217701006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies of cardiac physiology and drug response have traditionally been performed on individual isolated cardiomyocytes or isotropic monolayers of cells that may not mimic desired physiological traits of the laminar adult myocardium. Recent studies have reported a number of advances to Heart-on-a-Chip platforms for the fabrication of more sophisticated engineered myocardium, but cardiomyocyte immaturity remains a challenge. In the anisotropic musculature of the heart, interactions between cardiac myocytes, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and neighboring cells give rise to changes in cell shape and tissue architecture that have been implicated in both development and disease. We hypothesized that engineered myocardium fabricated from cardiac myocytes cultured in vitro could mimic the physiological characteristics and gene expression profile of adult heart muscle. To test this hypothesis, we fabricated engineered myocardium comprised of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes with laminar architectures reminiscent of that observed in the mature heart and compared their sarcomere organization, contractile performance characteristics, and cardiac gene expression profile to that of isolated adult rat ventricular muscle strips. We found that anisotropic engineered myocardium demonstrated a similar degree of global sarcomere alignment, contractile stress output, and inotropic concentration-response to the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. Moreover, the anisotropic engineered myocardium exhibited comparable myofibril related gene expression to muscle strips isolated from adult rat ventricular tissue. These results suggest that tissue architecture serves an important developmental cue for building in vitro model systems of the myocardium that could potentially recapitulate the physiological characteristics of the adult heart. Impact statement With the recent focus on developing in vitro Organ-on-Chip platforms that recapitulate tissue and organ-level physiology using immature cells derived from stem cell sources, there is a strong need to assess the ability of these engineered tissues to adopt a mature phenotype. In the present study, we compared and contrasted engineered tissues fabricated from neonatal rat ventricular myocytes in a Heart-on-a-Chip platform to ventricular muscle strips isolated from adult rats. The results of this study support the notion that engineered tissues fabricated from immature cells have the potential to mimic mature tissues in an Organ-on-Chip platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Sheehy
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Anna Grosberg
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Pu Qin
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - David J Behm
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - John P Ferrier
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mackenzie A Eagleson
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alexander P Nesmith
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David Krull
- Safety Assessment Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - James G Falls
- Safety Assessment Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Patrick H Campbell
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Megan L McCain
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Robert N Willette
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Erding Hu
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Kevin K Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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26
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Chen Y, Ju L, Rushdi M, Ge C, Zhu C. Receptor-mediated cell mechanosensing. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3134-3155. [PMID: 28954860 PMCID: PMC5687017 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-04-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensing depicts the ability of a cell to sense mechanical cues, which under some circumstances is mediated by the surface receptors. In this review, a four-step model is described for receptor-mediated mechanosensing. Platelet GPIb, T-cell receptor, and integrins are used as examples to illustrate the key concepts and players in this process. Mechanosensing describes the ability of a cell to sense mechanical cues of its microenvironment, including not only all components of force, stress, and strain but also substrate rigidity, topology, and adhesiveness. This ability is crucial for the cell to respond to the surrounding mechanical cues and adapt to the changing environment. Examples of responses and adaptation include (de)activation, proliferation/apoptosis, and (de)differentiation. Receptor-mediated cell mechanosensing is a multistep process that is initiated by binding of cell surface receptors to their ligands on the extracellular matrix or the surface of adjacent cells. Mechanical cues are presented by the ligand and received by the receptor at the binding interface; but their transmission over space and time and their conversion into biochemical signals may involve other domains and additional molecules. In this review, a four-step model is described for the receptor-mediated cell mechanosensing process. Platelet glycoprotein Ib, T-cell receptor, and integrins are used as examples to illustrate the key concepts and players in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Chen
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Lining Ju
- Charles Perkins Centre and Heart Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Muaz Rushdi
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Chenghao Ge
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 .,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
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27
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Sadeghi AH, Shin SR, Deddens JC, Fratta G, Mandla S, Yazdi IK, Prakash G, Antona S, Demarchi D, Buijsrogge MP, Sluijter JPG, Hjortnaes J, Khademhosseini A. Engineered 3D Cardiac Fibrotic Tissue to Study Fibrotic Remodeling. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201601434. [PMID: 28498548 PMCID: PMC5545804 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts is considered to play an essential role in cardiac remodeling and fibrosis. A limiting factor in studying this process is the spontaneous activation of cardiac fibroblasts when cultured on two-dimensional (2D) culture plates. In this study, a simplified three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel platform of contractile cardiac tissue, stimulated by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), is presented to recapitulate a fibrogenic microenvironment. It is hypothesized that the quiescent state of cardiac fibroblasts can be maintained by mimicking the mechanical stiffness of native heart tissue. To test this hypothesis, a 3D cell culture model consisting of cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts encapsulated within a mechanically engineered gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel, is developed. The study shows that cardiac fibroblasts maintain their quiescent phenotype in mechanically tuned hydrogels. Additionally, treatment with a beta-adrenergic agonist increases beating frequency, demonstrating physiologic-like behavior of the heart constructs. Subsequently, quiescent cardiac fibroblasts within the constructs are activated by the exogenous addition of TGF-β1. The expression of fibrotic protein markers (and the functional changes in mechanical stiffness) in the fibrotic-like tissues are analyzed to validate the model. Overall, this 3D engineered culture model of contractile cardiac tissue enables controlled activation of cardiac fibroblasts, demonstrating the usability of this platform to study fibrotic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Sadeghi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, CX, The Netherlands
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Janine C Deddens
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN), 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Fratta
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Serena Mandla
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Iman K Yazdi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gyan Prakash
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Silvia Antona
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Danilo Demarchi
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Marc P Buijsrogge
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, CX, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN), 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper Hjortnaes
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, CX, The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21569, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, 130-701, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Fleischer S, Feiner R, Dvir T. Cardiac tissue engineering: from matrix design to the engineering of bionic hearts. Regen Med 2017; 12:275-284. [PMID: 28498093 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of cardiac tissue engineering aims at replacing the scar tissue created after a patient has suffered from a myocardial infarction. Various technologies have been developed toward fabricating a functional engineered tissue that closely resembles that of the native heart. While the field continues to grow and techniques for better tissue fabrication continue to emerge, several hurdles still remain to be overcome. In this review we will focus on several key advances and recent technologies developed in the field, including biomimicking the natural extracellular matrix structure and enhancing the transfer of the electrical signal. We will also discuss recent developments in the engineering of bionic cardiac tissues which integrate the fields of tissue engineering and electronics to monitor and control tissue performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Fleischer
- The Laboratory for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology & Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.,Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ron Feiner
- The Laboratory for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology & Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.,Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tal Dvir
- The Laboratory for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology & Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.,Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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29
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Scuderi GJ, Butcher J. Naturally Engineered Maturation of Cardiomyocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:50. [PMID: 28529939 PMCID: PMC5418234 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease remains one of the most prominent causes of mortalities worldwide with heart transplantation being the gold-standard treatment option. However, due to the major limitations associated with heart transplants, such as an inadequate supply and heart rejection, there remains a significant clinical need for a viable cardiac regenerative therapy to restore native myocardial function. Over the course of the previous several decades, researchers have made prominent advances in the field of cardiac regeneration with the creation of in vitro human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte tissue engineered constructs. However, these engineered constructs exhibit a functionally immature, disorganized, fetal-like phenotype that is not equivalent physiologically to native adult cardiac tissue. Due to this major limitation, many recent studies have investigated approaches to improve pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte maturation to close this large functionality gap between engineered and native cardiac tissue. This review integrates the natural developmental mechanisms of cardiomyocyte structural and functional maturation. The variety of ways researchers have attempted to improve cardiomyocyte maturation in vitro by mimicking natural development, known as natural engineering, is readily discussed. The main focus of this review involves the synergistic role of electrical and mechanical stimulation, extracellular matrix interactions, and non-cardiomyocyte interactions in facilitating cardiomyocyte maturation. Overall, even with these current natural engineering approaches, pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes within three-dimensional engineered heart tissue still remain mostly within the early to late fetal stages of cardiomyocyte maturity. Therefore, although the end goal is to achieve adult phenotypic maturity, more emphasis must be placed on elucidating how the in vivo fetal microenvironment drives cardiomyocyte maturation. This information can then be utilized to develop natural engineering approaches that can emulate this fetal microenvironment and thus make prominent progress in pluripotent stem cell-derived maturity toward a more clinically relevant model for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano J Scuderi
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Butcher
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
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30
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Choi MY, Kim JT, Lee WJ, Lee Y, Park KM, Yang YI, Park KD. Engineered extracellular microenvironment with a tunable mechanical property for controlling cell behavior and cardiomyogenic fate of cardiac stem cells. Acta Biomater 2017; 50:234-248. [PMID: 28063988 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous cardiac stem cells (CSCs) are known to play a certain role in the myocardial homeostasis of the adult heart. The extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding CSCs provides mechanical signals to regulate a variety of cell behaviors, yet the impact in the adult heart of these mechanical properties of ECM on CSC renewal and fate decisions is mostly unknown. To elucidate CSC mechanoresponses at the individual cell and myocardial level, we used the sol-to-gel transitional gelatin-poly(ethylene glycol)-tyramine (GPT) hydrogel with a tunable mechanical property to construct a three-dimensional (3D) matrix for culturing native myocardium and CSCs. The elastic modulus of the GPT hydrogel was controlled by adjusting cross-linking density using hydrogen peroxide. The GPT hydrogel showed an ability to transduce integrin-mediated signals into the myocardium and to permit myocardial homeostatic processes in vitro, including CSC migration and proliferation into the hydrogel from the myocardium. Decreasing the elastic modulus of the hydrogel resulted in upregulation of phosphorylated integrin-mediated signaling molecules in CSCs, which were associated with significant increases in cell spreading, migration, and proliferation of CSCs in a modulus-dependent manner. However, increasing the elastic modulus of hydrogel induced the arrest of cell growth but led to upregulation of cardiomyocyte-associated mRNAs in CSCs. This work demonstrates that tunable 3D-engineered microenvironments created by GPT hydrogel are able to control CSC behavior and to direct cardiomyogenic fate. Our system may also be appropriate for studying the mechanoresponse of CSCs in a 3D context as well as for developing therapeutic strategies for in situ myocardial regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a physical framework of myocardial niches in which endogenous cardiac stem cells (CSCs) reside, renew, differentiate, and replace cardiac cells. Interactions between ECM and CSCs might be critical for the maintenance of myocardial homeostasis in the adult heart. Yet most studies done so far have used irrelevant cell types and have been performed at the individual cell level, none able to reflect the in vivo situation. By the use of a chemically defined hydrogel to create a tunable 3D microenvironment, we succeeded in controlling CSC behavior at the myocardial and individual cell level and directing the cardiomyogenic fate. Our work may provide insight into the design of biomaterials for in situ myocardial regeneration as well as for tissue engineering.
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31
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Xu X, Wang W, Li Z, Kratz K, Ma N, Lendlein A. Surface geometry of poly(ether imide) boosts mouse pluripotent stem cell spontaneous cardiomyogenesis via modulating the embryoid body formation process. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2017; 64:367-382. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-168107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Xu
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Zhengdong Li
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Kratz
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Materials in Medicine, Berlin and Teltow, Teltow, Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Materials in Medicine, Berlin and Teltow, Teltow, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Materials in Medicine, Berlin and Teltow, Teltow, Germany
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32
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Nagarajan N, Vyas V, Huey BD, Zorlutuna P. Modulation of the contractility of micropatterned myocardial cells with nanoscale forces using atomic force microscopy. Nanobiomedicine (Rij) 2016; 3:1849543516675348. [PMID: 29942390 PMCID: PMC5998274 DOI: 10.1177/1849543516675348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to modulate cardiomyocyte contractility is important for bioengineering applications ranging from heart disease treatments to biorobotics. In this study, we examined the changes in contraction frequency of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes upon single-cell-level nanoscale mechanical stimulation using atomic force microscopy. To measure the response of same density of cells, they were micropatterned into micropatches of fixed geometry. To examine the effect of the substrate stiffness on the behavior of cells, they were cultured on a stiffer and a softer surface, glass and poly (dimethylsiloxane), respectively. Upon periodic cyclic stimulation of 300 nN at 5 Hz, a significant reduction in the rate of synchronous contraction of the cell patches on poly(dimethylsiloxane) substrates was observed with respect to their spontaneous beat rate, while the cell patches on glass substrates maintained or increased their contraction rate after the stimulation. On the other hand, single cells mostly maintained their contraction rate and could only withstand a lower magnitude of forces compared to micropatterned cell patches. This study reveals that the contraction behavior of cardiomyocytes can be modulated mechanically through cyclic nanomechanical stimulation, and the degree and mode of this modulation depend on the cell connectivity and substrate mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neerajha Nagarajan
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Varun Vyas
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Bryan D Huey
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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33
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Drew NK, Johnsen NE, Core JQ, Grosberg A. Multiscale Characterization of Engineered Cardiac Tissue Architecture. J Biomech Eng 2016; 138:2552972. [PMID: 27617880 PMCID: PMC6993780 DOI: 10.1115/1.4034656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In a properly contracting cardiac muscle, many different subcellular structures are organized into an intricate architecture. While it has been observed that this organization is altered in pathological conditions, the relationship between length-scales and architecture has not been properly explored. In this work, we utilize a variety of architecture metrics to quantify organization and consistency of single structures over multiple scales, from subcellular to tissue scale as well as correlation of organization of multiple structures. Specifically, as the best way to characterize cardiac tissues, we chose the orientational and co-orientational order parameters (COOPs). Similarly, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were selected for their consistent architectural behavior. The engineered cells and tissues were stained for four architectural structures: actin, tubulin, sarcomeric z-lines, and nuclei. We applied the orientational metrics to cardiac cells of various shapes, isotropic cardiac tissues, and anisotropic globally aligned tissues. With these novel tools, we discovered: (1) the relationship between cellular shape and consistency of self-assembly; (2) the length-scales at which unguided tissues self-organize; and (3) the correlation or lack thereof between organization of actin fibrils, sarcomeric z-lines, tubulin fibrils, and nuclei. All of these together elucidate some of the current mysteries in the relationship between force production and architecture, while raising more questions about the effect of guidance cues on self-assembly function. These types of metrics are the future of quantitative tissue engineering in cardiovascular biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy K Drew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Complex Biological Systems, The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 e-mail:
| | - Nicholas E Johnsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 e-mail:
| | - Jason Q Core
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 e-mail:
| | - Anna Grosberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Complex Biological Systems, The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology,Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 e-mail:
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Gu SR, Kang YG, Shin JW, Shin JW. Simultaneous engagement of mechanical stretching and surface pattern promotes cardiomyogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 123:252-258. [PMID: 27546303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been widely recognized and proved that biophysical factors for mimicking in vivo conditions should be also considered to have stem cells differentiated into desired cell type in vitro along with biochemical factors. Biophysical factors include substrate and biomechanical conditions. This study focused on the effect of biomimetic mechanical stretching along with changes in substrate topography to influence on cardiomyogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Elastic micropatterned substrates were made to mimic the geometric conditions surrounding cells in vivo. To mimic biomechanical conditions due to beating of the heart, mechanical stretching was applied parallel to the direction of the pattern (10% elongation, 0.5 Hz, 4 h/day). Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) was used as a biochemical factor. The micropatterned substrate was found more effective in the alignment of cytoskeleton and cardiomyogenic differentiation compared with flat substrate. Significantly higher expression levels of related markers [GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4), troponin I, troponin T, natriuretic peptide A (NPPA)] were observed when mechanical stretching was engaged on micropatterned substrate. In addition, 4 days of mechanical stretching was associated with higher levels of expression than 2 days of stretching. These results indicate that simultaneous engagement of biomimetic environment such as substrate pattern and mechanical stimuli effectively promotes the cardiomyogenic differentiation of hMSCs in vitro. The suggested method which tried to mimic in vivo microenvironment would provide systematic investigation to control cardiomyogenic differentiation of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Rin Gu
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Gyeong Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woog Shin
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center/Institute of Aged Life Redesign/UHARC, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Soluble morphogen gradients have long been studied in the context of heart specification and patterning. However, recent data have begun to challenge the notion that long-standing in vivo observations are driven solely by these gradients alone. Evidence from multiple biological models, from stem cells to ex vivo biophysical assays, now supports a role for mechanical forces in not only modulating cell behavior but also inducing it de novo in a process termed mechanotransduction. Structural proteins that connect the cell to its niche, for example, integrins and cadherins, and that couple to other growth factor receptors, either directly or indirectly, seem to mediate these changes, although specific mechanistic details are still being elucidated. In this review, we summarize how the wingless (Wnt), transforming growth factor-β, and bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways affect cardiomyogenesis and then highlight the interplay between each pathway and mechanical forces. In addition, we will outline the role of integrins and cadherins during cardiac development. For each, we will describe how the interplay could change multiple processes during cardiomyogenesis, including the specification of undifferentiated cells, the establishment of heart patterns to accomplish tube and chamber formation, or the maturation of myocytes in the fully formed heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Happe
- From the Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA
| | - Adam J Engler
- From the Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA.
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Lee LC, Kassab GS, Guccione JM. Mathematical modeling of cardiac growth and remodeling. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 8:211-26. [PMID: 26952285 PMCID: PMC4841715 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the current state of mathematical models of cardiac growth and remodeling (G&R). We concisely describe the experimental observations associated with cardiac G&R and discuss existing mathematical models that describe this process. To facilitate the discussion, we have organized the G&R models in terms of (1) the physical focus (biochemical vs mechanical) and (2) the process that they describe (myocyte hypertrophy vs extracellular matrix remodeling). The review concludes with a discussion of some possible directions that can advance the existing state of cardiac G&R mathematical modeling. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:211-226. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1330 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - G S Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J M Guccione
- Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Effects of oxidative stress-induced changes in the actin cytoskeletal structure on myoblast damage under compressive stress: confocal-based cell-specific finite element analysis. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2016; 15:1495-1508. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-016-0779-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Lewandowski J, Kolanowski TJ, Kurpisz M. Techniques for the induction of human pluripotent stem cell differentiation towards cardiomyocytes. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:1658-1674. [PMID: 26777594 DOI: 10.1002/term.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The derivation of pluripotent stem cells from human embryos and the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells opened a new chapter in studies on the regeneration of the post-infarction heart and regenerative medicine as a whole. Thus, protocols for obtaining iPSCs were enthusiastically adopted and widely used for further experiments on cardiac differentiation. iPSC-mediated cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) under in vitro culture conditions are generated by simulating natural cardiomyogenesis and involve the wingless-type mouse mammary tumour virus integration site family (WNT), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling pathways. New strategies have been proposed to take advantage of small chemical molecules, organic compounds and even electric or mechanical stimulation. There are three main approaches to support cardiac commitment in vitro: embryoid bodis (EBs), monolayer in vitro cultures and inductive co-cultures with visceral endoderm-like (END2) cells. In EB technique initial uniform size of pluripotent stem cell (PSC) colonies has a pivotal significance. Hence, some methods were designed to support cells aggregation. Another well-suited procedure is based on culturing cells in monolayer conditions in order to improve accessibility of growth factors and nutrients. Other distinct tactics are using visceral endoderm-like cells to culture them with PSCs due to secretion of procardiac cytokines. Finally, the appropriate purification of the obtained cardiomyocytes is required prior to their administration to a patient under the prospective cellular therapy strategy. This goal can be achieved using non-genetic methods, such as the application of surface markers and fluorescent dyes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Lewandowski
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Stem Cells, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Kolanowski
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Stem Cells, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Kurpisz
- Department of Reproductive Biology and Stem Cells, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Capulli AK, MacQueen LA, Sheehy SP, Parker KK. Fibrous scaffolds for building hearts and heart parts. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:83-102. [PMID: 26656602 PMCID: PMC4807693 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and biochemistry provide cell-instructive cues that promote and regulate tissue growth, function, and repair. From a structural perspective, the ECM is a scaffold that guides the self-assembly of cells into distinct functional tissues. The ECM promotes the interaction between individual cells and between different cell types, and increases the strength and resilience of the tissue in mechanically dynamic environments. From a biochemical perspective, factors regulating cell-ECM adhesion have been described and diverse aspects of cell-ECM interactions in health and disease continue to be clarified. Natural ECMs therefore provide excellent design rules for tissue engineering scaffolds. The design of regenerative three-dimensional (3D) engineered scaffolds is informed by the target ECM structure, chemistry, and mechanics, to encourage cell infiltration and tissue genesis. This can be achieved using nanofibrous scaffolds composed of polymers that simultaneously recapitulate 3D ECM architecture, high-fidelity nanoscale topography, and bio-activity. Their high porosity, structural anisotropy, and bio-activity present unique advantages for engineering 3D anisotropic tissues. Here, we use the heart as a case study and examine the potential of ECM-inspired nanofibrous scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering. We asked: Do we know enough to build a heart? To answer this question, we tabulated structural and functional properties of myocardial and valvular tissues for use as design criteria, reviewed nanofiber manufacturing platforms and assessed their capabilities to produce scaffolds that meet our design criteria. Our knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the heart, as well as our ability to create synthetic ECM scaffolds have advanced to the point that valve replacement with nanofibrous scaffolds may be achieved in the short term, while myocardial repair requires further study in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Capulli
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - L A MacQueen
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sean P Sheehy
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K K Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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40
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Lux M, Andrée B, Horvath T, Nosko A, Manikowski D, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Haverich A, Hilfiker A. In vitro maturation of large-scale cardiac patches based on a perfusable starter matrix by cyclic mechanical stimulation. Acta Biomater 2016; 30:177-187. [PMID: 26546973 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of tissue engineering is the generation of implants similar to native tissue. Thus, it is essential to utilize physiological stimuli to improve the quality of engineered constructs. Numerous publications reported that mechanical stimulation of small-sized, non-perfusable, tissue engineered cardiac constructs leads to a maturation of immature cardiomyocytes like neonatal rat cardiomyocytes or induced pluripotent stem cells/embryonic stem cells derived self-contracting cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of mechanical stimulation and perfusion on the maturation process of large-scale (2.5×4.5cm), implantable cardiac patches based on decellularized porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) or Biological Vascularized Matrix (BioVaM) and a 3-dimensional construct containing neonatal rat heart cells. Application of cyclic mechanical stretch improved contractile function, cardiomyocyte alignment along the stretch axis and gene expression of cardiomyocyte markers. The development of a complex network formed by endothelial cells within the cardiac construct was enhanced by cyclic stretch. Finally, the utilization of BioVaM enabled the perfusion of the matrix during stimulation, augmenting the beneficial influence of cyclic stretch. Thus, this study demonstrates the maturation of cardiac constructs with clinically relevant dimensions by the application of cyclic mechanical stretch and perfusion of the starter matrix. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Considering the poor endogenous regeneration of the heart, engineering of bioartificial cardiac tissue for the replacement of infarcted myocardium is an exciting strategy. Most techniques for the generation of cardiac tissue result in relative small-sized constructs insufficient for clinical applications. Another issue is to achieve cardiomyocytes and tissue maturation in culture. Here we report, for the first time, the effect of mechanical stimulation and simultaneous perfusion on the maturation of cardiac constructs of clinical relevant dimensions, which are based on a perfusable starter matrix derived from porcine small intestine. In response to these stimuli superior organization of cardiomyocytes and vascular networks was observed in contrast to untreated controls. The study provides substantial progress towards the generation of implantable cardiac patches.
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Abstract
Organization in the heart is important on multiple length scales. Myofibrillogenesis processes control the assembly of this multi-scale architecture. Understanding myofibrillogenesis might allow us to better control self-assembly of cardiac tissues. One approach consists of creating phenomenological models and comparing these models to in vitro data from primary myocytes. In this chapter, we present a method for building these models to recapitulate different aspects of myofibrillogenesis. We present a specific example for a cardiomyocyte model, but the same procedure can be used to model fibrillogenesis with other mechanisms such as motility. In sum, the models allow for a better understanding of mechanisms behind self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy K Drew
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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43
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Qi Y, Li Z, Kong CW, Tang NL, Huang Y, Li RA, Yao X. Uniaxial cyclic stretch stimulates TRPV4 to induce realignment of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 87:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Saini H, Navaei A, Van Putten A, Nikkhah M. 3D cardiac microtissues encapsulated with the co-culture of cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1961-71. [PMID: 26129820 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering has major applications in regenerative medicine, disease modeling and biological studies. Despite the significance, numerous questions still need to be explored to enhance the functionalities of engineered tissue substitutes. In this study, 3D cardiac microtissues are developed through encapsulation of cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, as the main cellular constituents of native myocardium. The geometries of the constructs are precisely controlled and assessed for their role on synchronous contraction of the cells. Cardiomyocytes exhibit a native-like phenotype when co-cultured with cardiac fibroblasts as compared to the monoculture condition. Particularly, elongated F-actin fibers with abundance of sarcomeric α-actinin and troponin-I are observed within all layers of the constructs. Higher expressions of connexin-43 and integrin-β1 indicate improved cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Amongst co-culture conditions, 2:1 (cardiomyocytes: cardiac fibroblasts) ratio exhibits enhanced functionalities, whereas decreasing the construct size adversely affects the synchronous contraction of the cells. Overall, the study here indicates that the cell-cell ratio and the construct geometry are crucial parameters, which need to be optimized to enhance the functionalities of the engineered tissue substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpinder Saini
- Harrington Department of Bioengineering; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE); Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Ali Navaei
- Harrington Department of Bioengineering; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE); Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Alison Van Putten
- Harrington Department of Bioengineering; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE); Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- Harrington Department of Bioengineering; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE); Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287 USA
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Laiva AL, Venugopal JR, Navaneethan B, Karuppuswamy P, Ramakrishna S. Biomimetic approaches for cell implantation to the restoration of infarcted myocardium. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2907-30. [PMID: 26371367 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidences accumulated over the years have proven stem cells as a promising source for regenerative medicine. However, the inadequacy with the design of delivery modalities has prolonged the research in realizing an ideal cell-based approach for the regeneration of infarcted myocardium. Currently, some modest improvements in cardiac function have been documented in clinical trials with stem cell treatments, although regenerating a fully functional myocardium remains a dream for cardiac surgeons. This review provides an overview on the significance of stem cell therapy, the current attempts to resolve the drawbacks with the cell implantation approach and the various stratagems adopted with electrospun hybrid nanofibers for implementation in myocardial regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashang Luwang Laiva
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E3, #05-12, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576.,Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, UP, India
| | - Jayarama Reddy Venugopal
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E3, #05-12, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576
| | - Balchandar Navaneethan
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E3, #05-12, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576
| | - Priyadharsini Karuppuswamy
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E3, #05-12, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Initiative, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E3, #05-12, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576
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Fleischer S, Miller J, Hurowitz H, Shapira A, Dvir T. Effect of fiber diameter on the assembly of functional 3D cardiac patches. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:291002. [PMID: 26133998 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/29/291002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac ECM has a unique 3D structure responsible for tissue morphogenesis and strong contractions. It is divided into three fiber groups with specific roles and distinct dimensions; nanoscale endomysial fibers, perimysial fibers with a diameter of 1 μm, and epimysial fibers, which have a diameter of several micrometers. We report here on our work, where distinct 3D fibrous scaffolds, each of them recapitulating the dimension scales of a single fiber population in the heart matrix, were fabricated. We have assessed the mechanical properties of these scaffolds and the contribution of each fiber population to cardiomyocyte morphogenesis, tissue assembly and function. Our results show that the nanoscale fiber scaffolds were more elastic than the microscale scaffolds, however, cardiomyocytes cultured on microscale fiber scaffolds exhibited enhanced spreading and elongation, both on the single cell and on the engineered tissue levels. In addition, lower fibroblast proliferation rates were observed on these microscale topographies. Based on the collected data we have fabricated composite scaffolds containing micro and nanoscale fibers, promoting superior tissue morphogenesis without compromising tissue contraction. Cardiac tissues, engineered within these composite scaffolds exhibited superior function, including lower excitation threshold and stronger contraction forces than tissue engineered within the single-population fiber scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Fleischer
- The Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Kaushik G, Spenlehauer A, Sessions AO, Trujillo AS, Fuhrmann A, Fu Z, Venkatraman V, Pohl D, Tuler J, Wang M, Lakatta EG, Ocorr K, Bodmer R, Bernstein SI, Van Eyk JE, Cammarato A, Engler AJ. Vinculin network-mediated cytoskeletal remodeling regulates contractile function in the aging heart. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:292ra99. [PMID: 26084806 PMCID: PMC4507505 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa5843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human heart is capable of functioning for decades despite minimal cell turnover or regeneration, suggesting that molecular alterations help sustain heart function with age. However, identification of compensatory remodeling events in the aging heart remains elusive. We present the cardiac proteomes of young and old rhesus monkeys and rats, from which we show that certain age-associated remodeling events within the cardiomyocyte cytoskeleton are highly conserved and beneficial rather than deleterious. Targeted transcriptomic analysis in Drosophila confirmed conservation and implicated vinculin as a unique molecular regulator of cardiac function during aging. Cardiac-restricted vinculin overexpression reinforced the cortical cytoskeleton and enhanced myofilament organization, leading to improved contractility and hemodynamic stress tolerance in healthy and myosin-deficient fly hearts. Moreover, cardiac-specific vinculin overexpression increased median life span by more than 150% in flies. A broad array of potential therapeutic targets and regulators of age-associated modifications, specifically for vinculin, are presented. These findings suggest that the heart has molecular mechanisms to sustain performance and promote longevity, which may be assisted by therapeutic intervention to ameliorate the decline of function in aging patient hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kaushik
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alice Spenlehauer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ayla O Sessions
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Adriana S Trujillo
- Department of Biology, Heart Institute, and Molecular Biology Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Alexander Fuhrmann
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zongming Fu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Vidya Venkatraman
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Danielle Pohl
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jeremy Tuler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Karen Ocorr
- Development and Aging Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development and Aging Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sanford I Bernstein
- Department of Biology, Heart Institute, and Molecular Biology Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Anthony Cammarato
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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48
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Ye GJC, Nesmith AP, Parker KK. The role of mechanotransduction on vascular smooth muscle myocytes' [corrected] cytoskeleton and contractile function. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 297:1758-69. [PMID: 25125187 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Smooth muscle (SM) exhibits a highly organized structural hierarchy that extends over multiple spatial scales to perform a wide range of functions at the cellular, tissue, and organ levels. Early efforts primarily focused on understanding vascular SM (VSM) function through biochemical signaling. However, accumulating evidence suggests that mechanotransduction, the process through which cells convert mechanical stimuli into biochemical cues, is requisite for regulating contractility. Cytoskeletal proteins that comprise the extracellular, intercellular, and intracellular domains are mechanosensitive and can remodel their structure and function in response to external mechanical cues. Pathological stimuli such as malignant hypertension can act through the same mechanotransductive pathways to induce maladaptive remodeling, leading to changes in cellular shape and loss of contractile function. In both health and disease, the cytoskeletal architecture integrates the mechanical stimuli and mediates structural and functional remodeling in the VSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J C Ye
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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de Faria Poloni J, Bonatto D. Systems Chemo-Biology and Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis Reveal the Molecular Roles of Bioactive Lipids in Cardiomyocyte Differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:2018-31. [PMID: 25752681 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipids, which are essential constituents of biological membranes, play structural and functional roles in the cell. In recent years, certain lipids have been identified as regulatory signaling molecules and have been termed "bioactive lipids". Subsequently, the importance of bioactive lipids in stem cell differentiation and cardiogenesis has gained increasing recognition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the biological processes underlying murine cardiac differentiation and the mechanisms by which bioactive lipids affect these processes. For this purpose, a transcriptomic meta-analysis of microarray and RNA-seq data from murine stem cells undergoing cardiogenic differentiation was performed. The differentially expressed genes identified via this meta-analysis, as well as bioactive lipids, were evaluated using systems chemo-biology tools. These data indicated that bioactive lipids are associated with the regulation of cell motility, cell adhesion, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and gene expression. Moreover, bioactive lipids integrate the signaling pathways involved in cell migration, the secretion and remodeling of extracellular matrix components, and the establishment of the cardiac phenotype. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the contribution of bioactive lipids to the induction of cellular responses to various stimuli, which may originate from the extracellular environment and morphogens, and the manner in which this contribution directly affects murine heart morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice de Faria Poloni
- Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Bonatto
- Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Pasqualini FS, Sheehy SP, Agarwal A, Aratyn-Schaus Y, Parker KK. Structural phenotyping of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:340-7. [PMID: 25733020 PMCID: PMC4375945 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural phenotyping based on classical image feature detection has been adopted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind genetically or pharmacologically induced changes in cell morphology. Here, we developed a set of 11 metrics to capture the increasing sarcomere organization that occurs intracellularly during striated muscle cell development. To test our metrics, we analyzed the localization of the contractile protein α-actinin in a variety of primary and stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes. Further, we combined these metrics with data mining algorithms to unbiasedly score the phenotypic maturity of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Silvio Pasqualini
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sean Paul Sheehy
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yvonne Aratyn-Schaus
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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