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Pardo-Hernández M, Arbona V, Simón I, Rivero RM. Specific ABA-independent tomato transcriptome reprogramming under abiotic stress combination. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1746-1763. [PMID: 38284474 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Crops often have to face several abiotic stresses simultaneously, and under these conditions, the plant's response significantly differs from that observed under a single stress. However, up to the present, most of the molecular markers identified for increasing plant stress tolerance have been characterized under single abiotic stresses, which explains the unexpected results found when plants are tested under real field conditions. One important regulator of the plant's responses to abiotic stresses is abscisic acid (ABA). The ABA signaling system engages many stress-responsive genes, but many others do not respond to ABA treatments. Thus, the ABA-independent pathway, which is still largely unknown, involves multiple signaling pathways and important molecular components necessary for the plant's adaptation to climate change. In the present study, ABA-deficient tomato mutants (flacca, flc) were subjected to salinity, heat, or their combination. An in-depth RNA-seq analysis revealed that the combination of salinity and heat led to a strong reprogramming of the tomato transcriptome. Thus, of the 685 genes that were specifically regulated under this combination in our flc mutants, 463 genes were regulated by ABA-independent systems. Among these genes, we identified six transcription factors (TFs) that were significantly regulated, belonging to the R2R3-MYB family. A protein-protein interaction network showed that the TFs SlMYB50 and SlMYB86 were directly involved in the upregulation of the flavonol biosynthetic pathway-related genes. One of the most novel findings of the study is the identification of the involvement of some important ABA-independent TFs in the specific plant response to abiotic stress combination. Considering that ABA levels dramatically change in response to environmental factors, the study of ABA-independent genes that are specifically regulated under stress combination may provide a remarkable tool for increasing plant resilience to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Pardo-Hernández
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario Espinardo, Ed 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Departament de Biologia, Bioquímica i Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, 12071, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Simón
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Rosa M Rivero
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario Espinardo, Ed 25, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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Ahmed M, Tóth Z, Decsi K. The Impact of Salinity on Crop Yields and the Confrontational Behavior of Transcriptional Regulators, Nanoparticles, and Antioxidant Defensive Mechanisms under Stressful Conditions: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2654. [PMID: 38473901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most significant environmental challenges to crop growth and yield worldwide is soil salinization. Salinity lowers soil solution water potential, causes ionic disequilibrium and specific ion effects, and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) buildup, causing several physiological and biochemical issues in plants. Plants have developed biological and molecular methods to combat salt stress. Salt-signaling mechanisms regulated by phytohormones may provide additional defense in salty conditions. That discovery helped identify the molecular pathways that underlie zinc-oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NP)-based salt tolerance in certain plants. It emphasized the need to study processes like transcriptional regulation that govern plants' many physiological responses to such harsh conditions. ZnO-NPs have shown the capability to reduce salinity stress by working with transcription factors (TFs) like AP2/EREBP, WRKYs, NACs, and bZIPs that are released or triggered to stimulate plant cell osmotic pressure-regulating hormones and chemicals. In addition, ZnO-NPs have been shown to reduce the expression of stress markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) while also affecting transcriptional factors. Those systems helped maintain protein integrity, selective permeability, photosynthesis, and other physiological processes in salt-stressed plants. This review examined how salt stress affects crop yield and suggested that ZnO-NPs could reduce plant salinity stress instead of osmolytes and plant hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmed
- Festetics Doctoral School, Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Zoltán Tóth
- Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Kincső Decsi
- Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary
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3
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Mao K, Yang J, Sun Y, Guo X, Qiu L, Mei Q, Li N, Ma F. MdbHLH160 is stabilized via reduced MdBT2-mediated degradation to promote MdSOD1 and MdDREB2A-like expression for apple drought tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1181-1203. [PMID: 37930306 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a key environmental factor limiting the productivity, quality, and geographic distribution of crops worldwide. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an important role in plant drought stress responses, but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report an ABA-responsive bHLH transcription factor, MdbHLH160, which promotes drought tolerance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and apple (Malus domestica). Under drought conditions, MdbHLH160 is directly bound to the MdSOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1) promoter and activated its transcription, thereby triggering reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and enhancing apple drought tolerance. MdbHLH160 also promoted MdSOD1 enzyme activity and accumulation in the nucleus through direct protein interactions, thus inhibiting excessive nuclear ROS levels. Moreover, MdbHLH160 directly upregulated the expression of MdDREB2A-like, a DREB (dehydration-responsive element binding factor) family gene that promotes apple drought tolerance. Protein degradation and ubiquitination assays showed that drought and ABA treatment stabilized MdbHLH160. The BTB protein MdBT2 was identified as an MdbHLH160-interacting protein that promoted MdbHLH160 ubiquitination and degradation, and ABA treatment substantially inhibited this process. Overall, our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of ABA-modulated drought tolerance at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels via the ABA-MdBT2-MdbHLH160-MdSOD1/MdDREB2A-like cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunxia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lina Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Quanlin Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Shah IH, Sabir IA, Rehman A, Hameed MK, Albashar G, Manzoor MA, Shakoor A. Co-application of copper oxide nanoparticles and Trichoderma harzianum with physiological, enzymatic and ultrastructural responses for the mitigation of salt stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139230. [PMID: 37343643 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemical contamination or nutrient pollution is concerning for health, environmental, and economic reasons. Ecofriendly surface modification of nanoparticles is a consistent challenge for agricultural purposes. In response to this environmental concern, CuO-NPs synthesized through biological method using green source and characterized for morphological and structural features through SEM (scanning electron microscope) and TEM (transmission electron microscope) spectroscopy. Our research findings illustrate that the presence of salt stress induces a notable decline in both physiological and biochemical parameters within plants. Nevertheless, the utilization of T. harzianum and CuO-NPs exhibited a mitigating effect on the detrimental consequences induced by salt stress in plants. The application of T. harzianum and the simultaneous co-inoculation with CuO-NPs notably enhanced fresh biomass and facilitated vegetative growth in comparison to the control group. Furthermore, the exposure of both T. harzianum inoculum and Copper oxide nanoparticles resulted in a significant reduction of oxidative stresses, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, H2O2, and lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels in the above-ground parts of the plant, while also minimizing electrolyte leakage (EL) by reducing root growth. Additionally, the co-inoculation of the endophyte and CuO-NPs led to a significant enhancement in antioxidant enzymatic activities, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and chitinase (CAT) activity in the above-ground parts, under salt stress conditions. The inoculum, along with its combination with CuO-NPs, decreased electrolyte conductivity and improved total chlorophyll contents as compared to the control. The combined application of T. harzianum and CuO-NPs improved salt tolerance in A. thaliana plants by triggering salt-associated gene expression. These findings suggest that the application of T. harzianum and CuO-NPs can considerably promote leaf anatomical changes in A. thaliana and have ability to enhance salt tolerance, particularly in saline areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Hussain Shah
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Irfan Ali Sabir
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Asad Rehman
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Muhammad Khalid Hameed
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Gadah Albashar
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Muhammad Aamir Manzoor
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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Jarambasa T, Regon P, Jyoti SY, Gupta D, Panda SK, Tanti B. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the Pisum sativum (L.) APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) gene family reveals functions in drought and cold stresses. Genetica 2023; 151:225-239. [PMID: 37269422 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-023-00190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AP2/ERF (APETALA2/Ethylene Response Factor) is a family of transcription factors that play essential roles in regulating gene expression in response to various environmental stimuli, including biotic and abiotic stresses, hormone signaling, and developmental processes. Pisum sativum (L.), commonly known as garden pea, is a winter crop sensitive to high temperatures and can also be affected by extreme cold and drought conditions. This study performed a genome-wide analysis of AP2/ERF genes and identified 153 AP2/ERF genes in P. sativum. Based on the conserved AP2/ERF domain and sequence homology, they were classified into AP2 (APETALA2), ERF (Ethylene Response Factor), DREB (Dehydration responsive element-binding), RAV (Related to Abscisic Acid Insensitive 3/ Viviparous 1) and Soloist subfamily. The DREB and ERF subfamily were further divided into groups A1-6 and B1-B6. Tandem and segmental duplication events were more frequent in the ERF subfamily, which can have important implications for their evolution and functional diversification. Under cold stress, the expression of DREB1A was highly induced in leaves, whereas DREB1B was suppressed. Similarly, the DREB2A, DREB2C, DREB2E, and DREB2F were induced in leaves under drought stress. The putative target genes of AP2/ERF transcription factors are highly diversified, suggesting that they play essential roles in various physiological responses in plants, including responses to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as developmental processes. Thus, this study of AP2/ERF genes and their functions provides valuable insight into how P. sativum responds to different environmental conditions, including cold and drought stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trishna Jarambasa
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Preetom Regon
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Sabnoor Yeasrin Jyoti
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Divya Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Sanjib Kumar Panda
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, 305817, India
| | - Bhaben Tanti
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India.
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Hou L, Wu Q, Zhu X, Li X, Fan X, Hui M, Ye Q, Liu G, Liu X. Transcription Factor VvDREB2A from Vitis vinifera Improves Cold Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119381. [PMID: 37298332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Low temperatures restrict the growth of the grapevine industry. The DREB transcription factors are involved in the abiotic stress response. Here, we isolated the VvDREB2A gene from Vitis vinifera cultivar 'Zuoyouhong' tissue culture seedlings. The full-length VvDREB2A cDNA was 1068 bp, encoding 355 amino acids, which contained an AP2 conserved domain belonging to the AP2 family. Using transient expression in leaves of tobacco, VvDREB2A was localized to the nucleus, and it potentiated transcriptional activity in yeasts. Expression analysis revealed that VvDREB2A was expressed in various grapevine tissues, with the highest expression in leaves. VvDREB2A was induced by cold and the stress-signaling molecules H2S, nitric oxide, and abscisic acid. Furthermore, VvDREB2A-overexpressing Arabidopsis was generated to analyze its function. Under cold stress, the Arabidopsis overexpressing lines exhibited better growth and higher survival rates than the wild type. The content of oxygen free radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde decreased, and antioxidant enzyme activities were enhanced. The content of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) also increased in the VvDREB2A-overexpressing lines. Moreover, the expression of cold stress-related genes (COR15A, COR27, COR6.6, and RD29A) was also enhanced. Taken together, as a transcription factor, VvDREB2A improves plants resistance to cold stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species, increasing the RFO amount, and inducing cold stress-related gene expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Hou
- Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in University of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qiqi Wu
- Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in University of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhu
- Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in University of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in University of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xinxin Fan
- Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in University of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Mengling Hui
- Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in University of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in University of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Guangchao Liu
- Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in University of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in University of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Chaudhari RS, Jangale BL, Krishna B, Sane PV. Improved abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis by constitutive active form of a banana DREB2 type transcription factor, MaDREB20.CA, than its native form, MaDREB20. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:671-690. [PMID: 35996008 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Banana is grown as one of the important fruit crops in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In this study, we report induced expression of a dehydration responsive element binding 2 (DREB2) gene (MaDREB20) under individual heat, drought, and combined drought and heat stress in root of two banana genotypes Grand Nain (GN) and Hill Banana (HB). Motif analysis of MaDREB20 protein demonstrated the presence of a negative regulatory domain (NRD) or PEST motif between 150 and 184 amino acids. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing MaDREB20 gene showed more survival rate, above-ground biomass, seed yield, leaf relative water content, and proline content but less ion leakage and malonaldehyde content, revealing improved tolerance against heat and drought as well as their combination than the wild-type. Overexpression of MaDREB20.CA (constitutive active form of MaDREB20 after removal of PEST region) showed better abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis than its native form (MaDREB20). Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing MaDREB20 and MaDREB20.CA genes appeared to be associated with reduced stomatal densities under normal condition, better regulation of stomatal aperture under drought than in wild-type plants, and differential regulation of downstream target (AtTCH4 and AtIAA1) genes under heat, drought, and combined stress. Taken together, our findings revealed important functions of MaDREB20 in abiotic stress responses in transgenic Arabidopsis and could form a basis for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated removal of its NRD to enhance stress tolerance in banana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Shashikant Chaudhari
- Jain R&D lab is a Recognized Research Centre by Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Bambhori, Jalgaon, 425001, India
| | - Bhavesh Liladhar Jangale
- Jain R&D lab is a Recognized Research Centre by Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Bambhori, Jalgaon, 425001, India
| | - Bal Krishna
- Jain R&D lab is a Recognized Research Centre by Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Bambhori, Jalgaon, 425001, India.
| | - Prafullachandra Vishnu Sane
- Jain R&D lab is a Recognized Research Centre by Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Bambhori, Jalgaon, 425001, India
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8
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Kumar S, Muthuvel J, Sadhukhan A, Kobayashi Y, Koyama H, Sahoo L. Enhanced osmotic adjustment, antioxidant defense, and photosynthesis efficiency under drought and heat stress of transgenic cowpea overexpressing an engineered DREB transcription factor. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 193:1-13. [PMID: 36306675 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea is sensitive to drought and heat stress, particularly at the reproductive stages of development. Both stresses limit growth and yield, and their effect is more devastating when occurring concurrently. Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2A (DREB2A) is an important signaling hub integrating information about two different abiotic stresses, drought and heat. We identified VuDREB2A as a canonical DREB ortholog in cowpea, activating downstream stress-responsive genes by binding to DREs in their promoter. Post-translational modification of a negative regulatory domain (NRD) within the VuDREB2A protein prevents its degradation. Targeted deletion of the NRD produces a stable and constitutively active form VuDREB2A-CA. However, there is very little evidence of its practical utility under field conditions. This study overexpressed the VuDREB2A-CA in a popular cowpea variety and conducted drought- and heat-tolerance experiments across various stress regimes. Transgenic cowpea exhibited significant tolerance with consistently higher yield when exposed to over 30-d drought stress and 3-d exposure to high temperature (28 °C-52 °C) without any pleiotropic alterations. The transgenic lines showed higher photosynthetic efficiency, osmotic adjustment, antioxidant defense, thermotolerance, and significantly higher survival and increased biomass than the wild type. Late embryogenesis abundant 5, heat shock protein 70, dehydrin, mitogen-activated protein kinase 2/4, isoflavonoid reductase, and myoinositol phosphate synthase were upregulated in transgenic lines under drought and heat stress. Through transcriptome analysis of the transgenic lines, we found significant up-regulation of various stress-responsive cowpea genes, having DRE in their promoter. Our results suggest that overexpression of VuDREB2A could improve cowpea production under drought and high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India.
| | - J Muthuvel
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Ayan Sadhukhan
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 342030, India
| | - Yuriko Kobayashi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, 501-1193, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, 501-1193, Gifu, Japan
| | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India.
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Bai X, Zhou Y, Islam MA, Zhang W, Ning L, Ling B, Wang Y, Xu Z, Sun D, Chen M. A soybean
GmDREB3
gene contributes to drought tolerance in wheat. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxuan Bai
- College of Agriculture Shanxi Agricultural University Taigu Shanxi China
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops Ministry of Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Yongbin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops Ministry of Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Md Ashraful Islam
- College of Agriculture Shanxi Agricultural University Taigu Shanxi China
| | - Weibin Zhang
- Maize Research Institute Shanxi Agricultural University Xinzhou China
| | - Lei Ning
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops Ministry of Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Bingqi Ling
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops Ministry of Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Research Center of Wheat Engineering Technology of Hebei Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Zhao‐Shi Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops Ministry of Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Daizhen Sun
- College of Agriculture Shanxi Agricultural University Taigu Shanxi China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops Ministry of Agriculture Beijing China
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Sugarcane ScDREB2B-1 Confers Drought Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana by Regulating the ABA Signal, ROS Level and Stress-Related Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179557. [PMID: 36076957 PMCID: PMC9455921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dehydration-responsive element-binding protein (DREB) is a subgroup member of the AP2/ERF family and actively participates in the response of plants to abiotic stress. Although DREB genes have been studied in a variety of plant species, there are few reports of DREB genes in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). In this study, a novel full-length cDNA sequence of the ScDREB2B-1 gene was cloned from the Saccharum hybrid ROC22, whose encoding protein contained only one AP2-conserved domain and was clustered into the DREB (A-2) subgroup. The diverse promoter elements in the ScDREB2B-1 gene and the accumulated transcripts of its homologous gene (SsAP2/ERF-107) in S. spontaneum under drought stress suggest that the ScDREB2B-1 gene may play a role in drought response. In addition, reverse transcription quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression level of the ScDREB2B-1 gene was upregulated in the root and leaf of ROC22 under polyethylene glycol, sodium chloride and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. The yeast two-hybrid experiment demonstrated that ScDREB2B-1 had transcriptional self-activation activity. Compared with wild-type plants, the overexpression of the ScDREB2B-1 gene improved the drought tolerance of the transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana by activating the ABA pathway to enhance the expression of the ABA-responsive gene (NbNCED) and ABA content, regulate the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (enhance the transcripts of ROS synthase-related gene NbRbohB and the activities of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and increase the relative water content, proline content and expression level of osmotic stress-related genes (NbERD and NbLEA). Collectively, our data indicate that ScDREB2B-1 is a stress-inducible and ABA-responsive transcription factor gene that responds to drought stress by regulating ABA signaling, ROS levels and stress-related gene expression. This study contributes to a better understanding of the biological function of ScDREB2B-1, which could serve as a foundation for future resistance breeding in sugarcane.
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Wu Y, Zhang L, Nie L, Zheng Y, Zhu S, Hou J, Li R, Chen G, Tang X, Wang C, Yuan L. Genome-wide analysis of the DREB family genes and functional identification of the involvement of BrDREB2B in abiotic stress in wucai (Brassica campestris L.). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:598. [PMID: 35978316 PMCID: PMC9382803 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydration responsive element binding protein (DREB) is a significant transcription factor class known to be implicated in abiotic stresses. In this study, we systematically conducted a genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the DREB gene family, including gene structures, evolutionary relationships, chromosome distribution, conserved domains, and expression patterns. A total of 65 DREB family gene members were identified in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.) and were classified into five subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis. Through analysis of the conserved domains of BrDREB family genes, only one exon existed in the gene structure. Through the analysis of cis-acting elements, these genes were mainly involved in hormone regulation and adversity stress. In order to identify the function of BrDREB2B, overexpressed transgenic Arabidopsis was constructed. After different stress treatments, the germination rate, root growth, survival rate, and various plant physiological indicators were measured. The results showed that transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing BrDREB2B exhibited enhanced tolerance to salt, heat and drought stresses. Taken together, our results are the first to report the BrDREB2B gene response to drought and heat stresses in Chinese cabbage and provide a basis for further studies to determine the function of BrDREBs in response to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Libing Nie
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yushan Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shidong Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, 238200, Maanshan, Anhui, China
| | - Jinfeng Hou
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, 238200, Maanshan, Anhui, China
| | - Renjie Li
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guohu Chen
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, 238200, Maanshan, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, 238200, Maanshan, Anhui, China
| | - Chenggang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, 238200, Maanshan, Anhui, China.
| | - Lingyun Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, 238200, Maanshan, Anhui, China.
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12
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Riyazuddin R, Nisha N, Singh K, Verma R, Gupta R. Involvement of dehydrin proteins in mitigating the negative effects of drought stress in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:519-533. [PMID: 34057589 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress-induced crop loss has been considerably increased in recent years because of global warming and changing rainfall pattern. Natural drought-tolerant plants entail the recruitment of a variety of metabolites and low molecular weight proteins to negate the detrimental effects of drought stress. Dehydrin (DHN) proteins are one such class of proteins that accumulate in plants during drought and associated stress conditions. These proteins are highly hydrophilic and perform multifaceted roles in the protection of plant cells during drought stress conditions. Evidence gathered over the years suggests that DHN proteins impart drought stress tolerance by enhancing the water retention capacity, elevating chlorophyll content, maintaining photosynthetic machinery, activating ROS detoxification, and promoting the accumulation of compatible solutes, among others. Overexpression studies have indicated that these proteins can be effectively targeted to mitigate the negative effects of drought stress and for the development of drought stress-tolerant crops to feed the ever-growing population in the near future. In this review, we describe the mechanism of DHNs mediated drought stress tolerance in plants and their interaction with several phytohormones to provide an in-depth understanding of DHNs function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyazuddin Riyazuddin
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nisha Nisha
- Department of Integrated Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Kalpita Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201312, India
| | - Radhika Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Visva-Bharati Central University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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13
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Chen H, Hu L, Wang L, Wang S, Cheng X. Genome-wide identification and expression profiles of AP2/ERF transcription factor family in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). J Appl Genet 2022; 63:223-236. [PMID: 34989979 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is an economically important grain legume crop in Asia, with high nutritional quality and potential in other parts of the world particularly arid and semiarid regions. Considering the potential adverse effects of drought, high salt, and other abiotic stresses on crop yield, significant efforts have been made to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of tolerance to these abiotic stresses in legumes. In this study, a total of 186 putative AP2/ERF genes were identified, which were named VrERF1-186. These VrERF genes were classified into four main subfamilies according to the number of AP2 domains and sequence similarity, including 24 AP2 gene members, 81 ERF gene members, 79 DREB gene members, and 2 RAV members. VrERF genes are scattered across all 11 chromosomes and form small gene clusters on chromosomes due to segmental or tandem duplication. Promoter analysis revealed various cis-acting elements related to light, hormones, and stress responsiveness processes. The expression profiles of the VrERF genes in tissues during development and in response to abiotic stresses were assessed by transcriptome sequencing, and the selected reference genes were validated by qRT-PCR. A total of 174 VrERF genes were expressed in at least one of five tissues, while others showed distinct expression patterns in different tissues or under specific abiotic stress treatments, which indicates that VrERF genes are involved in developmental and environmental stress responses in V. radiata. In conclusion, the genome localization, genome-wide characterization, gene duplication, phylogenetic relationships, and expression pattern of VrERF genes in V. radiata were analyzed, and these results will lay the foundation for further functional analysis of these genes and improve stress tolerance to adverse conditions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Liangliang Hu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Suhua Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuzhen Cheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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14
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Vu TTH, Le TTC, Pham TL. Growth responses and differential expression of VrDREB2A gene at different growth stages of mungbean ( Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) under drought stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2447-2458. [PMID: 34924703 PMCID: PMC8639898 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01089-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mungbean is an important pulse crop and is predominantly cultivated across Asia. However, its production is hampered by climate change-induced drought stress. Drought affects various morpho-physiological processes associated with growth and molecular functions. This study analyzed growth responses and VrDREB2A gene expression in two mungbean cultivars, DX208 and Tam Thanh Hoa under water deficit at vegetative and flowering stages. Water use and growth characters were evaluated at four time-points (8, 12, 15 and 20-day drought) and 7-day recovery while yield components and yield were recorded after harvesting. Differential expression of VrDREB2A gene was analyzed at four time-points for leaf and root. Plants used up water more quickly at the flowering stage than vegetative stage. The data for plant height, leaf number, above-ground plant biomass and root weight indicated that drought stress significantly repressed mungbean growth, with a reduction relative to the control by 4.0-85%. Yield components and individual yield reduced significantly by 50-60%, with more reduction in drought imposed under the vegetative stage. VrDREB2A expression began to increase on a 12-day drought and was significant in stressed roots on a 20-day drought at the vegetative stage. In contrast, an increase in VrDREB2A expression occurred from 8-day and lasted until a 20-day drought in stressed leave and root at the flowering stage. Overall, the vegetative stage was more sensitive to drought than the flowering stage. A cultivar with less relative reduction in growth and yield related traits and higher VrDREB2A expression was more tolerant to drought. VrDREB2A functioned as an important transcriptional activator and can increase the drought stress tolerance of the mungbean. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01089-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thuy Hang Vu
- Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Tuyet Cham Le
- Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ly Pham
- Undergraduate Student of Advanced Crop Science Program, Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
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15
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Warsi MK, Howladar SM, Alsharif MA. Regulon: An overview of plant abiotic stress transcriptional regulatory system and role in transgenic plants. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e245379. [PMID: 34495147 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.245379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Population growth is increasing rapidly around the world, in these consequences we need to produce more foods to full fill the demand of increased population. The world is facing global warming due to urbanizations and industrialization and in this concerns plants exposed continuously to abiotic stresses which is a major cause of crop hammering every year. Abiotic stresses consist of Drought, Salt, Heat, Cold, Oxidative and Metal toxicity which damage the crop yield continuously. Drought and salinity stress severally affected in similar manner to plant and the leading cause of reduction in crop yield. Plants respond to various stimuli under abiotic or biotic stress condition and express certain genes either structural or regulatory genes which maintain the plant integrity. The regulatory genes primarily the transcription factors that exert their activity by binding to certain cis DNA elements and consequently either up regulated or down regulate to target expression. These transcription factors are known as masters regulators because its single transcript regulate more than one gene, in this context the regulon word is fascinating more in compass of transcription factors. Progress has been made to better understand about effect of regulons (AREB/ABF, DREB, MYB, and NAC) under abiotic stresses and a number of regulons reported for stress responsive and used as a better transgenic tool of Arabidopsis and Rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Warsi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - S M Howladar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Alsharif
- Architecture Department, Faculty of Engineering. Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Singh K, Chandra A. DREBs-potential transcription factors involve in combating abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Singh S, Chopperla R, Shingote P, Chhapekar SS, Deshmukh R, Khan S, Padaria JC, Sharma TR, Solanke AU. Overexpression of EcDREB2A transcription factor from finger millet in tobacco enhances tolerance to heat stress through ROS scavenging. J Biotechnol 2021; 336:10-24. [PMID: 34116128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An extreme temperature regime beyond desired level imposes significant stress in crop plants. The low and high temperature stresses are one of the primary constraints for plant development and yield. Finger millet, being a climate resilient crop, is a potential source of novel stress tolerant genes. In this study, functional characterization of finger millet DREB2A gene in different abiotic stress conditions was done. This novel EcDREB2A transcription factor isolated from finger millet is a truncated version of DREB2A gene compared to previously reported DREB genes from other plant species. The overexpression of EcDREB2A in transgenic tobacco exhibits improved tolerance against heat stress 42 °C for up to 7 days, by altering physiology and biochemical means. However, same transgenic lines were unable to provide tolerance to 200 mM NaCl and 200 mM Mannitol stress. Under heat stress conditions, increased seed germination with improved lateral roots, fresh and dry weight relative to wild type (WT) was observed. The EcDREB2A transgenics exposed to heat stress showed improved rate of stomatal conductance, chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, and other photosynthesis parameters compared to WT plants. EcDREB2A overexpression also resulted in increased antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, GR, POD and, APX) with decreased electrolyte leakage (EL), H2O2, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content than WT plants under heat stress. Quantitative real time expression analysis demonstrated that all eight downstream genes were significantly upregulated in transgenic plants only after heat stress. Our data provide a clear demonstration of the positive impact of overexpression of EcDREB2A providing heat stress tolerance to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Prashant Shingote
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140308, India
| | - Suphiya Khan
- Banasthali University, Banasthali, 304022, India
| | - Jasdeep C Padaria
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India; Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, 110001, India
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18
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Hezema YS, Shukla MR, Goel A, Ayyanath MM, Sherif SM, Saxena PK. Rootstocks Overexpressing StNPR1 and StDREB1 Improve Osmotic Stress Tolerance of Wild-Type Scion in Transgrafted Tobacco Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8398. [PMID: 34445105 PMCID: PMC8395105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In grafted plants, the movement of long-distance signals from rootstocks can modulate the development and function of the scion. To understand the mechanisms by which tolerant rootstocks improve scion responses to osmotic stress (OS) conditions, mRNA transport of osmotic responsive genes (ORGs) was evaluated in a tomato/potato heterograft system. In this system, Solanum tuberosum was used as a rootstock and Solanum lycopersicum as a scion. We detected changes in the gene expression levels of 13 out of the 21 ORGs tested in the osmotically stressed plants; of these, only NPR1 transcripts were transported across the graft union under both normal and OS conditions. Importantly, OS increased the abundance of StNPR1 transcripts in the tomato scion. To examine mRNA mobility in transgrafted plants, StNPR1 and StDREB1 genes representing the mobile and non-mobile transcripts, respectively, were overexpressed in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The evaluation of transgenic tobacco plants indicated that overexpression of these genes enhanced the growth and improved the physiological status of transgenic plants growing under OS conditions induced by NaCl, mannitol and polyethylene glycol (PEG). We also found that transgenic tobacco rootstocks increased the OS tolerance of the WT-scion. Indeed, WT scions on transgenic rootstocks had higher ORGs transcript levels than their counterparts on non-transgenic rootstocks. However, neither StNPR1 nor StDREB1 transcripts were transported from the transgenic rootstock to the wild-type (WT) tobacco scion, suggesting that other long-distance signals downstream these transgenes could have moved across the graft union leading to OS tolerance. Overall, our results signify the importance of StNPR1 and StDREB1 as two anticipated candidates for the development of stress-resilient crops through transgrafting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine S. Hezema
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.S.H.); (M.R.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.A.)
- Department of Horticulture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22713, El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Mukund R. Shukla
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.S.H.); (M.R.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Alok Goel
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.S.H.); (M.R.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Murali M. Ayyanath
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.S.H.); (M.R.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Sherif M. Sherif
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA 22602, USA
| | - Praveen K. Saxena
- Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.S.H.); (M.R.S.); (A.G.); (M.M.A.)
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19
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Li Z, Wang G, Liu X, Wang Z, Zhang M, Zhang J. Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of DREB genes in Saccharum spontaneum. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:456. [PMID: 34139993 PMCID: PMC8212459 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dehydration-responsive element-binding proteins (DREBs) are important transcription factors that interact with a DRE/CRT (C-repeat) sequence and involve in response to multiple abiotic stresses in plants. Modern sugarcane are hybrids from the cross between Saccharum spontaneum and Saccharum officinarum, and the high sugar content is considered to the attribution of S. officinaurm, while the stress tolerance is attributed to S. spontaneum. To understand the molecular and evolutionary characterization and gene functions of the DREBs in sugarcane, based on the recent availability of the whole genome information, the present study performed a genome-wide in silico analysis of DREB genes and transcriptome analysis in the polyploidy S. spontaneum. Results Twelve DREB1 genes and six DREB2 genes were identified in S. spontaneum genome and all proteins contained a conserved AP2/ERF domain. Eleven SsDREB1 allele genes were assumed to be originated from tandem duplications, and two of them may be derived after the split of S. spontaneum and the proximal diploid species sorghum, suggesting tandem duplication contributed to the expansion of DREB1-type genes in sugarcane. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that one DREB2 gene was lost during the evolution of sugarcane. Expression profiling showed different SsDREB genes with variable expression levels in the different tissues, indicating seven SsDREB genes were likely involved in the development and photosynthesis of S. spontaneum. Furthermore, SsDREB1F, SsDREB1L, SsDREB2D, and SsDREB2F were up-regulated under drought and cold condition, suggesting that these four genes may be involved in both dehydration and cold response in sugarcane. Conclusions These findings demonstrated the important role of DREBs not only in the stress response, but also in the development and photosynthesis of S. spontaneum. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07799-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Xihui Liu
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhengchao Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jisen Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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20
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Manna M, Thakur T, Chirom O, Mandlik R, Deshmukh R, Salvi P. Transcription factors as key molecular target to strengthen the drought stress tolerance in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:847-868. [PMID: 33180329 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Amid apprehension of global climate change, crop plants are inevitably confronted with a myriad of abiotic stress factors during their growth that inflicts a serious threat to their development and overall productivity. These abiotic stresses comprise extreme temperature, pH, high saline soil, and drought stress. Among different abiotic stresses, drought is considered the most calamitous stressor with its serious impact on the crops' yield stability. The development of climate-resilient crops that withstands reduced water availability is a major focus of the scientific fraternity to ensure the food security of the sharply increasing population. Numerous studies aim to recognize the key regulators of molecular and biochemical processes associated with drought stress tolerance response. A few potential candidates are now considered as promising targets for crop improvement. Transcription factors act as a key regulatory switch controlling the gene expression of diverse biological processes and, eventually, the metabolic processes. Understanding the role and regulation of the transcription factors will facilitate the crop improvement strategies intending to develop and deliver agronomically-superior crops. Therefore, in this review, we have emphasized the molecular avenues of the transcription factors that can be exploited to engineer drought tolerance potential in crop plants. We have discussed the molecular role of several transcription factors, such as basic leucine zipper (bZIP), dehydration responsive element binding (DREB), DNA binding with one finger (DOF), heat shock factor (HSF), MYB, NAC, TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP), and WRKY. We have also highlighted candidate transcription factors that can be used for the development of drought-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinalini Manna
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanika Thakur
- Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Oceania Chirom
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rushil Mandlik
- Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Prafull Salvi
- Agriculture Biotechnology Department, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
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21
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Kamenya SN, Mikwa EO, Song B, Odeny DA. Genetics and breeding for climate change in Orphan crops. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1787-1815. [PMID: 33486565 PMCID: PMC8205878 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is rapidly changing how we live, what we eat and produce, the crops we breed and the target traits. Previously underutilized orphan crops that are climate resilient are receiving much attention from the crops research community, as they are often the only crops left in the field after periods of extreme weather conditions. There are several orphan crops with incredible resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. Some are nutritious, while others provide good sources of biofuel, medicine and other industrial raw materials. Despite these benefits, orphan crops are still lacking in important genetic and genomic resources that could be used to fast track their improvement and make their production profitable. Progress has been made in generating draft genomes of at least 28 orphan crops over the last decade, thanks to the reducing cost of sequencing. The implementation of a structured breeding program that takes advantage of additional modern crop improvement tools such as genomic selection, speed breeding, genome editing, high throughput phenotyping and breeding digitization would make rapid improvement of these orphan crops possible, but would require coordinated research investment. Other production challenges such as lack of adequate germplasm conservation, poor/non-existent seed systems and agricultural extension services, as well as poor marketing channels will also need to be improved if orphan crops were to be profitable. We review the importance of breeding orphan crops under the increasing effects of climate change, highlight existing gaps that need to be addressed and share some lessons to be learned from major crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ndagire Kamenya
- African Center of Excellence in Agroecology and Livelihood Systems, Uganda Martyrs University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Erick Owuor Mikwa
- The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics - Eastern and Southern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Bo Song
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute At Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Damaris Achieng Odeny
- The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics - Eastern and Southern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Shahzad R, Jamil S, Ahmad S, Nisar A, Amina Z, Saleem S, Zaffar Iqbal M, Muhammad Atif R, Wang X. Harnessing the potential of plant transcription factors in developing climate resilient crops to improve global food security: Current and future perspectives. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2323-2341. [PMID: 33911947 PMCID: PMC8071895 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop plants should be resilient to climatic factors in order to feed ever-increasing populations. Plants have developed stress-responsive mechanisms by changing their metabolic pathways and switching the stress-responsive genes. The discovery of plant transcriptional factors (TFs), as key regulators of different biotic and abiotic stresses, has opened up new horizons for plant scientists. TFs perceive the signal and switch certain stress-responsive genes on and off by binding to different cis-regulatory elements. More than 50 families of plant TFs have been reported in nature. Among them, DREB, bZIP, MYB, NAC, Zinc-finger, HSF, Dof, WRKY, and NF-Y are important with respect to biotic and abiotic stresses, but the potential of many TFs in the improvement of crops is untapped. In this review, we summarize the role of different stress-responsive TFs with respect to biotic and abiotic stresses. Further, challenges and future opportunities linked with TFs for developing climate-resilient crops are also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahil Shahzad
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shakra Jamil
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Amina Nisar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zarmaha Amina
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shazmina Saleem
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaffar Iqbal
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Atif
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security (CAS-AFS), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, University Road, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiukang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, China
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Gad M, Chao H, Li H, Zhao W, Lu G, Li M. QTL Mapping for Seed Germination Response to Drought Stress in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:629970. [PMID: 33633753 PMCID: PMC7900748 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.629970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most environmental abiotic stresses affecting seed germination and crop growth. In the present study, the genetic characteristics of seed germination under drought stress in a Brassica napus double haploid population were analyzed. Five germination-related indexes, including germination percentage (GP), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), fresh weight (FW), and root-to-shoot length ratio (R/S) under control and drought stress, were calculated, and the drought stress index (DSI), including DSI-GP, DSI-RL, DSI-SL, DSI-FW, and DSI-R/S, was determined using the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis based on high-density genetic linkage map. The phenotypic analysis indicated that the R/S is an effective morphological trait in the determination of drought tolerance in the seedling stage. Thirty-nine identified QTLs were observed for these traits and then integrated into 36 consensus QTLs, in which 18 QTLs were found to affect the DSI of four traits (GP, RL, SL, and R/S). Based on the co-linearity between genetic and physical maps of B. napus, 256 candidate genes were detected, and 128 genes have single-nucleotidepolymorphisms/insertion-deletion (SNP/InDel) variations between two parents, some of which were associated with the drought stress tolerance (for example, BnaC03g32780D, BnaC03g37030D, and BnaC09g27300D). The present results laid insights into drought tolerance and its genetic bases in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Gad
- Department of Biotechnology, Collage of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongbo Chao
- Department of Biotechnology, Collage of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huaixin Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Collage of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, Collage of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangyuan Lu
- Faculty of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Collage of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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24
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Zhuang W, Liu T, Shu X, Wang H, Wang Z, Wang T, Zhang F, Qu S. Overexpression of MzASMT 1, a Gene From Malus zumi Mats, Enhances Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:561903. [PMID: 33193488 PMCID: PMC7649149 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.561903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, widely found in various plants as a new antioxidant, could protect plants from various biotic and/or abiotic stresses, including salt stress. MzASMT 1 (KJ123721), a gene from Malus zumi Mats, is a key enzyme required for melatonin synthesis. However, whether the overexpression of MzASMT 1 could regulate the synthesis of melatonin and improve the salt tolerance in tobacco remains unknown. In this study, the overexpression of MzASMT 1 in tobacco increased the melatonin content, and the transgenic lines owned higher salt tolerance capacity. The transgenic lines overexpressing MzASMT 1 exhibited lower degree of leaf wilting; much more fresh weight; higher plant height; longer root; higher relative water content (RWC) of leaves, stem, and root; and higher chlorophyll content and Fv/Fm, which makes transgenic lines better adapt to salt stress. The transgenic lines also had higher accumulation of proline, lower accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), and improved antioxidant systems, which protected plants from cell damage and oxidative stress due to excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation under salt treatment. The transcription of salt response genes was much more highly activated in transgenic lines than in wild type under salt stress. The above results contributed to the understanding of functions for MzASMT 1 in tobacco under salt stress and provided a new choice for the application of MzASMT 1 in improving plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Zhuang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochun Shu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxue Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Shenchun Qu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Reis RR, Mertz-Henning LM, Marcolino-Gomes J, Rodrigues FA, Rockenbach-Marin S, Fuganti-Pagliarini R, Koltun A, Gonçalves LSA, Nepomuceno AL. Differential gene expression in response to water deficit in leaf and root tissues of soybean genotypes with contrasting tolerance profiles. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20180290. [PMID: 32478791 PMCID: PMC7263426 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Water deficit is one of the major limitations to soybean production worldwide, yet the genetic basis of drought-responsive mechanisms in crops remains poorly understood. In order to study the gene expression patterns in leaves and roots of soybean, two contrasting genotypes, Embrapa 48 (drought-tolerant) and BR 16 (drought-sensitive), were evaluated under moderate and severe water deficit. Transcription factors from the AP2/EREBP and WRKY families were investigated. Embrapa 48 showed 770 more up-regulated genes than BR 16, in eight categories. In general, leaves presented more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) than roots. Embrapa 48 responded to water deficit faster than BR 16, presenting a greater number of DEGs since the first signs of drought. Embrapa 48 exhibited initial modulation of genes associated with stress, while maintaining the level of the ones related to basic functions. The genes expressed exclusively in the drought-tolerant cultivar, belonging to the category of dehydration responsive genes, and the ones with a contrasting expression pattern between the genotypes are examples of important candidates to confer tolerance to plants. Finally, this study identified genes of the AP2/EREBP and WRKY families related to drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Ribeiro Reis
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Biologia e Departamento de Agronomia, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Marcolino-Gomes
- Embrapa Soybean, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Rockenbach-Marin
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Biologia e Departamento de Agronomia, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Renata Fuganti-Pagliarini
- Embrapa Soybean, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Londrina, PR, Brazil.,Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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26
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Niu X, Luo T, Zhao H, Su Y, Ji W, Li H. Identification of wheat DREB genes and functional characterization of TaDREB3 in response to abiotic stresses. Gene 2020; 740:144514. [PMID: 32112985 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As an important transcription factor family, DREB transcription factors play important roles in response to abiotic stresses. In this study, we identified wheat DREB genes at genome-level, and characterized the functions of TaDREB genes. Totally, there are 210 TaDREB genes, which can be divided into 6 subgroups. Some of these genes display tissue-specific expression patterns. Among them, the expression of three TaDREB3 homoeologous genes is induced by abiotic stresses. Meanwhile, as alternatively spliced genes, they generate three isoforms respectively. Transcripts I and II encode DREB proteins, while transcript III does not generate DREB proteins. Transgenic Arabidopsis over-expressing TaDREB3-AI displayed enhanced resistance to drought, salt and heat stresses. The physical indexes and the expression of stress-related genes further verified the functions in response to abiotic stresses. Our results lay a foundation for further study of wheat DREB genes. Especially, our findings indicate that TaDREB3 genes can be used for crop genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Tengli Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yali Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Wanquan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Haifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational Technical College, Changji, China.
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27
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Li WY, Wang C, Shi HH, Wang B, Wang JX, Liu YS, Ma JY, Tian SY, Zhang YW. Genome-wide analysis of ethylene-response factor family in adzuki bean and functional determination of VaERF3 under saline-alkaline stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 147:215-222. [PMID: 31869734 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene-response factor (ERF) proteins are members of a transcription factor family involved in plant growth and environmental stress responses, but the biological functions of ERF members in adzuki bean (Vigna angularis var. angularis) remain unknown. In addition, it is unclear whether these proteins have a role in regulating responses to abiotic stressors. Here, we identified 47 ERF genes by analyzing the adzuki bean genome. Whole-transcriptome analyses of plants under saline-alkaline stress suggested that the expression of 13 ERF genes was induced in response to saline-alkaline stress. Analysis of the cis-acting elements showed that the promoters of these saline-alkaline stress-inducible ERF genes contained LTRs, DREs, MYBs, ABREs, MYCs, CGTCA-, and TGACG-motifs, which are involved in abiotic stress responses. The expression of VaERF3 was induced by NaHCO3, polyethylene glycol 6000, NaCl, and ABA (abscisic acid), as determined by qRT-PCR. Overexpression of VaERF3 in transgenic Arabidopsis resulted in higher levels of proline accumulation and lower malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species contents in plants grown under saline-alkaline stress conditions. Moreover, VaERF3 encoded a nuclear-localized transcriptional activator that promoted the expression of stress-responsive genes. Collectively, these results are of great significance in elucidating the mechanisms of saline-alkaline stress responses in adzuki bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Heng-Hua Shi
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jing-Yu Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Sen-Ya Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yao-Wen Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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28
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Priya M, Dhanker OP, Siddique KHM, HanumanthaRao B, Nair RM, Pandey S, Singh S, Varshney RK, Prasad PVV, Nayyar H. Drought and heat stress-related proteins: an update about their functional relevance in imparting stress tolerance in agricultural crops. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:1607-1638. [PMID: 30941464 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We describe here the recent developments about the involvement of diverse stress-related proteins in sensing, signaling, and defending the cells in plants in response to drought or/and heat stress. In the current era of global climate drift, plant growth and productivity are often limited by various environmental stresses, especially drought and heat. Adaptation to abiotic stress is a multigenic process involving maintenance of homeostasis for proper survival under adverse environment. It has been widely observed that a series of proteins respond to heat and drought conditions at both transcriptional and translational levels. The proteins are involved in various signaling events, act as key transcriptional activators and saviors of plants under extreme environments. A detailed insight about the functional aspects of diverse stress-responsive proteins may assist in unraveling various stress resilience mechanisms in plants. Furthermore, by identifying the metabolic proteins associated with drought and heat tolerance, tolerant varieties can be produced through transgenic/recombinant technologies. A large number of regulatory and functional stress-associated proteins are reported to participate in response to heat and drought stresses, such as protein kinases, phosphatases, transcription factors, and late embryogenesis abundant proteins, dehydrins, osmotins, and heat shock proteins, which may be similar or unique to stress treatments. Few studies have revealed that cellular response to combined drought and heat stresses is distinctive, compared to their individual treatments. In this review, we would mainly focus on the new developments about various stress sensors and receptors, transcription factors, chaperones, and stress-associated proteins involved in drought or/and heat stresses, and their possible role in augmenting stress tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Priya
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Om P Dhanker
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Sarita Pandey
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India
| | - Sadhana Singh
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502324, India
| | - P V Vara Prasad
- Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Sharma V, Goel P, Kumar S, Singh AK. An apple transcription factor, MdDREB76, confers salt and drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco by activating the expression of stress-responsive genes. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:221-241. [PMID: 30511183 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE An apple gene, MdDREB76 encodes a functional transcription factor and imparts salinity and drought stress endurance to transgenic tobacco by activating expression of stress-responsive genes. The dehydration-responsive element (DRE)-binding protein (DREB) transcription factors are well known to be involved in regulating abiotic stress-mediated gene expression in plants. In this study, MdDREB76 gene was isolated from apple (Malus x domestica), which encodes a functional transcription factor protein. Overexpression of MdDREB76 in tobacco conferred salt and drought stress tolerance to transgenic lines by inducing antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase. The higher membrane stability index, relative water content, proline, total soluble sugar content and lesser H2O2content, electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation in transgenics support the improved physiological status of transgenic plants as compared to WT plants under salinity and drought stresses. The MdDREB76 overexpression upregulated the expression of stress-responsive genes that provide salinity and drought stress endurance to the plants. Compared to WT plants, transgenic lines exhibited healthy growth and higher yield under stress conditions. The present study reports MdDREB76 as a key regulator that switches on the battery of downstream genes which impart salt and osmotic stress endurance to the transgenic plants and can be used for genetic engineering of crop plants to combat salinity and drought stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176 061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Parul Goel
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176 061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176 061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176 061, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834 010, India.
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30
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Nguyen HC, Lin KH, Ho SL, Chiang CM, Yang CM. Enhancing the abiotic stress tolerance of plants: from chemical treatment to biotechnological approaches. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 164:452-466. [PMID: 30054915 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses affect crop plants and cause decreases in plant quality and productivity. Plants can overcome environmental stresses by activating molecular networks, including signal transduction, stress perception, metabolite production and expressions of specific stress-related genes. Recent research suggests that chemical priming is a promising field in crop stress management because plants can be primed by chemical agents to increase their tolerance to various environmental stresses. We present a concept to meet this objective and protect plants through priming of existing defense mechanisms avoiding manipulation of the genome. In addition, recent developments in plant molecular biology include the discovery of genes related to stress tolerance, including functional genes for protecting cells and regulatory genes for regulating stress responses. Therefore, enhancing abiotic stress tolerance using a transgenic approach to transfer these genes into plant genomes has attracted more investigations. Both chemical priming agents and genetic engineering can enhance regulatory and functional genes in plants and increase stress tolerance of plants. This review summarizes the latest findings of chemical priming agents and major achievements in molecular approaches that can potentially enhance the abiotic stress tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Chinh Nguyen
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Lon Ho
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Chiang
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Yang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
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31
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Suratanee A, Chokrathok C, Chutimanukul P, Khrueasan N, Buaboocha T, Chadchawan S, Plaimas K. Two-State Co-Expression Network Analysis to Identify Genes Related to Salt Tolerance in Thai rice. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E594. [PMID: 30501128 PMCID: PMC6316690 DOI: 10.3390/genes9120594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105) rice is one of the most important crops of Thailand. It is a challenging task to identify the genes responding to salinity in KDML105 rice. The analysis of the gene co-expression network has been widely performed to prioritize significant genes, in order to select the key genes in a specific condition. In this work, we analyzed the two-state co-expression networks of KDML105 rice under salt-stress and normal grown conditions. The clustering coefficient was applied to both networks and exhibited significantly different structures between the salt-stress state network and the original (normal-grown) network. With higher clustering coefficients, the genes that responded to the salt stress formed a dense cluster. To prioritize and select the genes responding to the salinity, we investigated genes with small partners under normal conditions that were highly expressed and were co-working with many more partners under salt-stress conditions. The results showed that the genes responding to the abiotic stimulus and relating to the generation of the precursor metabolites and energy were the great candidates, as salt tolerant marker genes. In conclusion, in the case of the complexity of the environmental conditions, gaining more information in order to deal with the co-expression network provides better candidates for further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichat Suratanee
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok 10800, Thailand.
| | - Chidchanok Chokrathok
- Advanced Virtual and Intelligent Computing (AVIC) Center, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Panita Chutimanukul
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | | | - Teerapong Buaboocha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Supachitra Chadchawan
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kitiporn Plaimas
- Advanced Virtual and Intelligent Computing (AVIC) Center, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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32
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Yu Z, Wang X, Zhang L. Structural and Functional Dynamics of Dehydrins: A Plant Protector Protein under Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113420. [PMID: 30384475 PMCID: PMC6275027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress affects the growth and development of crops tremendously, worldwide. To avoid adverse environmental effects, plants have evolved various efficient mechanisms to respond and adapt to harsh environmental factors. Stress conditions are associated with coordinated changes in gene expressions at a transcriptional level. Dehydrins have been extensively studied as protectors in plant cells, owing to their vital roles in sustaining the integrity of membranes and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Dehydrins are highly hydrophilic and thermostable intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), with at least one Lys-rich K-segment. Many dehydrins are induced by multiple stress factors, such as drought, salt, extreme temperatures, etc. This article reviews the role of dehydrins under abiotic stress, regulatory networks of dehydrin genes, and the physiological functions of dehydrins. Advances in our understanding of dehydrin structures, gene regulation and their close relationships with abiotic stresses demonstrates their remarkable ability to enhance stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Yu
- College of Life Science/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Life Science/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Linsheng Zhang
- College of Life Science/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Ma X, Zhang B, Liu C, Tong B, Guan T, Xia D. Expression of a populus histone deacetylase gene 84KHDA903 in tobacco enhances drought tolerance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 265:1-11. [PMID: 29223330 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a key role in regulating plant growth, development and stress responses. However, functions of HDACs in woody plants are largely unknown. In this study, a novel gene encoding a RPD3/HDA1-type histone deacetylase was cloned from 84K poplar (Populus alba×Populus glandulosa) and designated as 84KHDA903. The 84KHDA903 encodes a protein composed of 500 amino acid residues, which contains a conserved HDAC domain. Transient expression of 84KHDA903 in onion epidermal cells suggested that it was exclusively localized in nucleus. The 84KHDA903 exhibited different expression patterns under drought, salt and ABA treatments. The expression of 84KHDA903 was responsive to drought and ABA but not to salt. To understand the function of 84KHDA903 in stress responses, the 84KHDA903 gene was transformed into tobacco. The expression of 84KHDA903 in tobacco increased the tolerance of transgenic seeds to mannitol but not to salt. In adult stage, the 84KHDA903-expressing tobacco exhibited drought tolerance and showed strong capacity to recover after drought. During the recovery period, the stress-responsive genes including NtDREB4, NtDREB3 and NtLEA5 were induced to be highly expressed in the 84KHDA903 transgenic plants in contrast to wild-type plants. Taken together, for the first time, we reported a RPD3/HDA1-type histone deacetylase from poplar, 84KHDA903, which acted as a positive regulator in drought stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chunjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Botong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Tao Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dean Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Chen LR, Ko CY, Folk WR, Lin TY. Chilling susceptibility in mungbean varieties is associated with their differentially expressed genes. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2017; 58:7. [PMID: 28510190 PMCID: PMC5432936 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-017-0161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is an economically important legume of high nutritional value, however, its cultivation is limited by susceptibility to chilling. Varieties NM94 and VC1973A, with differential susceptibility to stress, serve as good materials for uncovering how they differ in chilling tolerance. This study aimed to identify the ultrastructural, physiological and molecular changes to provide new insights on the differential susceptibility to chilling between varieties VC1973A and NM94. RESULTS Chilling stress caused a greater reduction in relative growth rate, a more significant decrease in maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII and DPPH scavenging activity and more-pronounced ultrastructural changes in VC1973A than in NM94 seedlings. Comparative analyses of transcriptional profiles in NM94 and VC1973A revealed that the higher expression of chilling regulated genes (CORs) in NM94. The transcript levels of lipid transfer protein (LTP), dehydrin (DHN) and plant defensin (PDF) in NM94 seedlings after 72 h at 4 °C was higher than that in its parental lines VC1973A, 6601 and VC2768A. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that LTP, DHN and PDF may mediate chilling tolerance in NM94 seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ru Chen
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 11114 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Ko
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - William R. Folk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Tsai-Yun Lin
- Department of Life Science & Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
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Tiwari S, Lata C, Chauhan PS, Prasad V, Prasad M. A Functional Genomic Perspective on Drought Signalling and its Crosstalk with Phytohormone-mediated Signalling Pathways in Plants. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:469-482. [PMID: 29204077 PMCID: PMC5684651 DOI: 10.2174/1389202918666170605083319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses that negatively influence crop performance and productivity. Plants acclimatize to drought stress conditions through altered molecular, biochemical and physiological responses. Gene and/or protein expression and regulation are thought to be modulated upon stress perception and signal transduction for providing requisite endurance to plants.Plant growth regulators or phytohormones are important molecules required for various biological processes in plants and are also central to stress signalling pathways. Among various phytohormones, Abscisic Acid (ABA) and Ethylene (ET) are considered to be the most vital growth regulators implicated in drought stress signalling and tolerance. Besides the above two known classical phytohormones, Salicylic Acid (SA) and Jasmonic Acid (JA) have also been found to potentially enhance abiotic stress tolerance particularly that of drought, salinity, and heat stress tolerance in plants. Apart from these several other growth regulators such as Cytokinins (CKs), Auxin (AUX), Gibberellic Acid (GA), Brassinosteroids (BRs) and Strigolactones (SLs) have also been reported to actively participate in abiotic stress responses and tolerance in plants. The abiotic stress signalling in plants regulated by these hormones further depends upon the nature, intensity, and duration of exposure to various environmental stresses. It has been reported that all these phytohormones are also involved in extensive crosstalk and signal transduction among themselves and/or with other factors. CONCLUSION This review thus summarizes the molecular mechanism of drought signalling and its crosstalk with various phytohormone signalling pathways implicated in abiotic stress response and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Tiwari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
| | - Charu Lata
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Vivek Prasad
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
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Vieira DDSS, Emiliani G, Bartolini P, Podda A, Centritto M, Luro F, Del Carratore R, Morillon R, Gesteira A, Maserti B. A L-type lectin gene is involved in the response to hormonal treatment and water deficit in Volkamer lemon. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 218:94-99. [PMID: 28802186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Combination of biotic and abiotic stress is a major challenge for crop and fruit production. Thus, identification of genes involved in cross-response to abiotic and biotic stress is of great importance for breeding superior genotypes. Lectins are glycan-binding proteins with a functions in the developmental processes as well as in the response to biotic and abiotic stress. In this work, a lectin like gene, namely ClLectin1, was characterized in Volkamer lemon and its expression was studied in plants exposed to either water stress, hormonal elicitors (JA, SA, ABA) or wounding to understand whether this gene may have a function in the response to multiple stress combination. Results showed that ClLectin1 has 100% homology with a L-type lectin gene from C. sinensis and the in silico study of the 5'UTR region showed the presence of cis-responsive elements to SA, DRE2 and ABA. ClLectin1 was rapidly induced by hormonal treatments and wounding, at local and systemic levels, suggesting an involvement in defence signalling pathways and a possible role as fast detection biomarker of biotic stress. On the other hand, the induction of ClLectin1 by water stress pointed out a role of the gene in the response to drought. The simultaneous response of ClLectin1 expression to water stress and SA treatment could be further investigated to assess whether a moderate drought stress may be useful to improve citrus performance by stimulating the SA-dependent response to biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayse Drielly Sousa Santana Vieira
- CNR-Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Area della Ricerca di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Emiliani
- CNR-Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree, Area della Ricerca di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Paola Bartolini
- CNR-Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Area della Ricerca di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Alessandra Podda
- CNR-Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Area della Ricerca di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- CNR-Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree, Area della Ricerca di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - François Luro
- UMR AGAP - INRA de Corse, équipe APMV, 20230 San Giuliano, France
| | - Renata Del Carratore
- CNR-Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Area della Ricerca Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56100 Pisa,Italy
| | - Raphaël Morillon
- UMR AGAP - CIRAD, équipé APMV - Station de Roujol, 97170 Petit Bourg, Guadaloupe, France
| | | | - Biancaelena Maserti
- CNR-Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Area della Ricerca di Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
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Kumar J, Singh S, Singh M, Srivastava PK, Mishra RK, Singh VP, Prasad SM. Transcriptional regulation of salinity stress in plants: A short review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Guleria P, Kumar V, Guleria S. Genetic Engineering: A Possible Strategy for Protein-Energy Malnutrition Regulation. Mol Biotechnol 2017; 59:499-517. [PMID: 28828714 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) has adversely affected the generations of developing countries. It is a syndrome that in severity causes death. PEM generally affects infants of 1-5 age group. This manifestation is maintained till adulthood in the form of poor brain and body development. The developing nations are continuously making an effort to curb PEM. However, it is still a prime concern as it was in its early years of occurrence. Transgenic crops with high protein and enhanced nutrient content have been successfully developed. Present article reviews the studies documenting genetic engineering-mediated improvement in the pulses, cereals, legumes, fruits and other crop plants in terms of nutritional value, stress tolerance, longevity and productivity. Such genetically engineered crops can be used as a possible remedial tool to eradicate PEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Guleria
- Department of Biotechnology, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144012, India.
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144012, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Shiwani Guleria
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
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Li H, Zhang Y, Guo Q, Yao W. Molecular characterisation of a DREB gene from Sophora moorcroftiana, an endemic species of plateau. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:1735-1741. [PMID: 28050661 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Various plant species in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau exposed to harsh conditions, such as low oxygen, drought, extremely low temperatures and salinity, have evolved both molecular and physiological adaptation strategies to deal with these multiple stresses. Sophora moorcroftiana (Benth.) Baker (Fabaceae) is a highly drought-resistant endemic Sophora shrub species in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In our previous study, a drought-induced DREB transcription factor gene was identified and was designated as SmDREB1. SmDREB1-GFP fusion construct was introduced into Arabidopsis protoplast to characterise the function of SmDREB1 in drought resistance. The results showed that SmDREB1 targets the nucleus of Arabidopsis protoplast. Ectopic expression of SmDREB1 in model plant species Arabidopsis was performed. The transgenic lines showed increasing expressions of drought marker genes including AtDHN, AtLEA, AtPIP2 ;2, AtPIP2;3 and AtRD29, increasing activities of antioxidant enzymes and proline contents and increasing light-use efficiency under drought stress as compared with the wild-type plants; SmDREB1 transgenic lines are more resistant to drought than wild-type plants. Therefore, the SmDREB1 is a drought-resistant transcription factor gene of S. moorcroftiana and could be a candidate in genetic engineering to improve drought resistance of plateau plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huie Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
- Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Tibet University, Nyingchi, 860000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanfu Zhang
- Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Tibet University, Nyingchi, 860000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
- Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Tibet University, Nyingchi, 860000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Yao
- Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Tibet University, Nyingchi, 860000, People's Republic of China
- Forest Inventory and Planning Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, 850000, People's Republic of China
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Yang G, Yu L, Zhang K, Zhao Y, Guo Y, Gao C. A ThDREB gene from Tamarix hispida improved the salt and drought tolerance of transgenic tobacco and T. hispida. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 113:187-197. [PMID: 28222350 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) transcription factors are important abiotic stress tolerance related genes, and some reports on the roles of DREB have primarily addressed herbal plants. To explore the abiotic stress tolerance role of DREB (ThDREB) from Tamarix hispida, a ThDREB gene with a complete ORF of 783 bp that encodes a 28.74 kDa protein with 260 amino acids, was isolated and functionally annotated. ThDREB expression was highly induced by NaCl, PEG, NaHCO3 and CdCl2 treatments, and the highest expression level (369.2-fold of control) was found for the roots that were under NaCl stress for 6 h. The tobacco plants that were transformed by ThDREB were conferred with higher germination rates, fresh weights and root lengths than the wild type (WT) tobacco plants under NaCl and mannitol treatments. The total chlorophyll content (tcc), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities were also higher in the transgenic lines in comparison with the WT, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 content, electrolyte leakage (EL) rate and ROS as tracked by staining were generated to a lesser degree in ThDREB transgenic plants than in the WT under NaCl and mannitol stress. Furthermore, the transient overexpression analysis of ThDREB in T. hispida also improved plant salt and drought tolerance in comparison with the empty vector-transformed lines. Our results indicated that ThDREB expression could effectively improve tolerance to salt and drought stress by enhancing the antioxidase activity that keeps the ROS at a low accumulation level and makes them easy to scavenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyan Yang
- Laboratory of Walnut Research Center, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040 Harbin, China
| | - Lili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040 Harbin, China
| | - Kaimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040 Harbin, China
| | - Yulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040 Harbin, China
| | - Yucong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040 Harbin, China
| | - Caiqiu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040 Harbin, China.
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Tang Y, Liu K, Zhang J, Li X, Xu K, Zhang Y, Qi J, Yu D, Wang J, Li C. JcDREB2, a Physic Nut AP2/ERF Gene, Alters Plant Growth and Salinity Stress Responses in Transgenic Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:306. [PMID: 28321231 PMCID: PMC5337505 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors of the AP2/ERF family play important roles in plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a physic nut AP2/ERF gene, JcDREB2, was functionally characterized. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that JcDREB2 was expressed mainly in the leaf and could be induced by abscisic acid but suppressed by gibberellin (GA) and salt. Transient expression of a JcDREB2-YFP fusion protein in Arabidopsis protoplasts cells suggested that JcDREB2 is localized in the nucleus. Rice plants overexpressing JcDREB2 exhibited dwarf and GA-deficient phenotypes with shorter shoots and roots than those of wild-type plants. The dwarfism phenotype could be rescued by the application of exogenous GA3. The expression levels of GA biosynthetic genes including OsGA20ox1, OsGA20ox2, OsGA20ox4, OsGA3ox2, OsCPS1, OsKO2, and OsKAO were significantly reduced in plants overexpressing JcDREB2. Overexpression of JcDREB2 in rice increased sensitivity to salt stress. Increases in the expression levels of several salt-tolerance-related genes in response to salt stress were impaired in JcDREB2-overexpressing plants. These results demonstrated not only that JcDREB2 influences GA metabolism, but also that it can participate in the regulation of the salt stress response in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Tang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and BioreactorZhoukou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukou, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and BioreactorZhoukou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukou, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and BioreactorZhoukou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukou, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and BioreactorZhoukou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukou, China
| | - Kedong Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and BioreactorZhoukou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and BioreactorZhoukou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukou, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and BioreactorZhoukou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukou, China
| | - Deshui Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and BioreactorZhoukou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and BioreactorZhoukou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukou, China
| | - Chengwei Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding and BioreactorZhoukou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukou, China
- *Correspondence: Chengwei Li,
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Wang K, Wu YH, Tian XQ, Bai ZY, Liang QY, Liu QL, Pan YZ, Zhang L, Jiang BB. Overexpression of DgWRKY4 Enhances Salt Tolerance in Chrysanthemum Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1592. [PMID: 28959270 PMCID: PMC5604078 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
High salinity seriously affects the production of chrysanthemum, so improving the salt tolerance of chrysanthemum becomes the focus and purpose of our research. The WRKY transcription factor (TF) family is highly associated with a number of processes of abiotic stress responses. We isolated DgWRKY4 from Dendranthema grandiflorum, and a protein encoded by this new gene contains two highly conserved WRKY domains and two C2H2 zinc-finger motifs. Then, we functionally characterized that DgWRKY4 was induced by salt, and DgWRKY4 overexpression in chrysanthemum resulted in increased tolerance to high salt stress compared to wild-type (WT). Under salt stress, the transgenic chrysanthemum accumulated less malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion ([Formula: see text]) than WT, accompanied by more proline, soluble sugar, and activities of antioxidant enzymes than WT; in addition, a stronger photosynthetic capacity and a series of up-regulated stress-related genes were also found in transgenic chrysanthemum. All results demonstrated that DgWRKY4 is a positive regulatory gene responding to salt stress, via advancing photosynthetic capacity, promoting the operation of reactive oxygen species-scavenging system, maintaining membrane stability, enhancing the osmotic adjustment, and up-regulating transcript levels of stress-related genes. So, DgWRKY4 can serve as a new candidate gene for salt-tolerant plant breeding.
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Vatansever R, Uras ME, Sen U, Ozyigit II, Filiz E. Isolation of a transcription factor DREB1A gene from Phaseolus vulgaris and computational insights into its characterization: protein modeling, docking and mutagenesis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:3107-3118. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1243487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Recep Vatansever
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Uras
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Sen
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ilker Ozyigit
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Filiz
- Department of Crop and Animal Production, Cilimli Vocational School, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
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Wang H, Wang H, Shao H, Tang X. Recent Advances in Utilizing Transcription Factors to Improve Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance by Transgenic Technology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:67. [PMID: 26904044 PMCID: PMC4746321 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural production and quality are adversely affected by various abiotic stresses worldwide and this will be exacerbated by the deterioration of global climate. To feed a growing world population, it is very urgent to breed stress-tolerant crops with higher yields and improved qualities against multiple environmental stresses. Since conventional breeding approaches had marginal success due to the complexity of stress tolerance traits, the transgenic approach is now being popularly used to breed stress-tolerant crops. So identifying and characterizing the critical genes involved in plant stress responses is an essential prerequisite for engineering stress-tolerant crops. Far beyond the manipulation of single functional gene, engineering certain regulatory genes has emerged as an effective strategy now for controlling the expression of many stress-responsive genes. Transcription factors (TFs) are good candidates for genetic engineering to breed stress-tolerant crop because of their role as master regulators of many stress-responsive genes. Many TFs belonging to families AP2/EREBP, MYB, WRKY, NAC, bZIP have been found to be involved in various abiotic stresses and some TF genes have also been engineered to improve stress tolerance in model and crop plants. In this review, we take five large families of TFs as examples and review the recent progress of TFs involved in plant abiotic stress responses and their potential utilization to improve multiple stress tolerance of crops in the field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Wang
- Institute of Technology, Yantai Academy of China Agriculture UniversityYantai, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Institute of Technology, Yantai Academy of China Agriculture UniversityYantai, China
| | - Hongbo Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesYantai, China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of SciencesYantai, China
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Joshi R, Wani SH, Singh B, Bohra A, Dar ZA, Lone AA, Pareek A, Singla-Pareek SL. Transcription Factors and Plants Response to Drought Stress: Current Understanding and Future Directions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1029. [PMID: 27471513 PMCID: PMC4943945 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing vulnerability of plants to a variety of stresses such as drought, salt and extreme temperatures poses a global threat to sustained growth and productivity of major crops. Of these stresses, drought represents a considerable threat to plant growth and development. In view of this, developing staple food cultivars with improved drought tolerance emerges as the most sustainable solution toward improving crop productivity in a scenario of climate change. In parallel, unraveling the genetic architecture and the targeted identification of molecular networks using modern "OMICS" analyses, that can underpin drought tolerance mechanisms, is urgently required. Importantly, integrated studies intending to elucidate complex mechanisms can bridge the gap existing in our current knowledge about drought stress tolerance in plants. It is now well established that drought tolerance is regulated by several genes, including transcription factors (TFs) that enable plants to withstand unfavorable conditions, and these remain potential genomic candidates for their wide application in crop breeding. These TFs represent the key molecular switches orchestrating the regulation of plant developmental processes in response to a variety of stresses. The current review aims to offer a deeper understanding of TFs engaged in regulating plant's response under drought stress and to devise potential strategies to improve plant tolerance against drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Joshi
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Shabir H. Wani
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirSrinagar, India
| | - Balwant Singh
- National Research Centre on Plant BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Bohra
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses ResearchKanpur, India
| | - Zahoor A. Dar
- Dryland Agricultural Research Station, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirBudgam, India
| | - Ajaz A. Lone
- Dryland Agricultural Research Station, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirBudgam, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi, India
| | - Sneh L. Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Sneh L. Singla-Pareek,
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