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Zhu XH, Chen W. Quantitative 17 O MRSI of myocardial oxygen metabolic rate, blood flow, and oxygen extraction fraction under normal and high workload conditions. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1645-1658. [PMID: 38084378 PMCID: PMC11089813 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The heart is a highly aerobic organ consuming most of the oxygen the body in supporting heart function. Quantitative imaging of myocardial oxygen metabolism and perfusion is essential for studying cardiac physiopathology in vivo. Here, we report a new imaging method that can simultaneously assess myocardial oxygen metabolism and blood flow in the rat heart. METHODS This novel method is based on the 17 O-MRSI combined with brief inhalation of 17 O-isotope labeled oxygen gas for quantitative imaging of myocardial metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (MVO2 ), myocardial blood flow (MBF), and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF). We demonstrate this imaging method under basal and high workload conditions in rat hearts at 9.4 T. RESULTS We show that this 17 O MRSI-based approach can directly measure and image MVO2 (1.35-4.06 μmol/g/min), MBF (0.49-1.38 mL/g/min), and OEF (0.33-0.44) in the heart of anesthetized rat under basal and high workload (21.6 × 103 -56.7 × 103 mmHg • bpm) conditions. Under high workload condition, MVO2 and MBF values in healthy rats approximately doubled, whereas OEF remained unchanged, indicating a strong coupling between myocardial oxygen metabolic demand and supply through blood perfusion. CONCLUSION The 17 O-MRSI method has been used to simultaneously image the myocardial metabolic rate of oxygen consumption, blood flow, and oxygen extraction fraction in small animal hearts, which are sensitive to the physiological changes induced by high workload. This approach could provide comprehensive measures that are critical for studying myocardial function in normal and diseased states and has a potential for translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Zhu
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Radiology Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Radiology Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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2
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Ebersberger L, Kratzer FJ, Franke VL, Nagel AM, Niesporek SC, Korzowski A, Ladd ME, Schlemmer HP, Paech D, Platt T. First implementation of dynamic oxygen-17 ( 17O) magnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla during neuronal stimulation in the human brain. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 37:27-38. [PMID: 37737942 PMCID: PMC10876824 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-023-01119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE First implementation of dynamic oxygen-17 (17O) MRI at 7 Tesla (T) during neuronal stimulation in the human brain. METHODS Five healthy volunteers underwent a three-phase 17O gas (17O2) inhalation experiment. Combined right-side visual stimulus and right-hand finger tapping were used to achieve neuronal stimulation in the left cerebral hemisphere. Data analysis included the evaluation of the relative partial volume (PV)-corrected time evolution of absolute 17O water (H217O) concentration and of the relative signal evolution without PV correction. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-tailed paired t test. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) experiments were performed to validate the stimulation paradigm. RESULTS The BOLD maps showed significant activity in the stimulated left visual and sensorimotor cortex compared to the non-stimulated right side. PV correction of 17O MR data resulted in high signal fluctuations with a noise level of 10% due to small regions of interest (ROI), impeding further quantitative analysis. Statistical evaluation of the relative H217O signal with PV correction (p = 0.168) and without (p = 0.382) did not show significant difference between the stimulated left and non-stimulated right sensorimotor ROI. DISCUSSION The change of cerebral oxygen metabolism induced by sensorimotor and visual stimulation is not large enough to be reliably detected with the current setup and methodology of dynamic 17O MRI at 7 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Ebersberger
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabian J Kratzer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vanessa L Franke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian C Niesporek
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tanja Platt
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Uchida T. Development of Catalytic Site-Selective C-H Oxidation. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300156. [PMID: 37350373 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Direct C-H bond oxygenation is a strong and useful tool for the construction of oxygen functional groups. After Chen and White's pioneering works, various non-heme-type iron and manganese complexes were introduced, leading to strong development in this area. However, for this method to become a truly useful tool for synthetic organic chemistry, it is necessary to make further efforts to improve site-selectivity, and catalyst durability. Recently, we found that non-heme-type ruthenium complex cis-1 presents efficient catalysis in C(sp3 )-H oxygenation under acidic conditions. cis-1-catalysed C-H oxygenation can oxidize various substrates including highly complex natural compounds using hypervalent iodine reagents as a terminal oxidant. Moreover, the catalyst system can use almost stoichiometric water molecules as the oxygen source through reversible hydrolysis of PhI(OCOR)2 . It is a strong tool for producing isotopic-oxygen-labelled compounds. Moreover, the environmentally friendly hydrogen peroxide can be used as a terminal oxidant under acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Uchida
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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4
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Song H, Fisher J, Özen AC, Akin B, Schumann S, Bock M. Quantification of regional CMRO 2 in human brain using dynamic 17O-MRI at 3T. Z Med Phys 2023:S0939-3889(23)00086-7. [PMID: 37558527 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) measurements with MRI at 3 Tesla in different brain regions. METHODS CMRO2 represents a key indicator of the physiological state of brain tissue. Dynamic 17O-MRI with inhalation of isotopically enriched 17O gas has been used to quantify global CMRO2 in brain white (WM) and gray matter (GM). However, global CMRO2 can only reflect the overall oxygen metabolism of the brain and cannot provide enough information on local tissue oxygen metabolism. To investigate the feasibility of determination of regional CMRO2 at a clinical 3 T MRI system, CMRO2 values in frontal, parietal and occipital WM and GM were determined in 5 healthy volunteers and compared to evaluate the regional differences of oxygen metabolism in WM and GM. Additionally, regional CMRO2 values were determined in deep brain structures including thalamus, dorsal striatum, caudate nucleus and insula cortex and in the cerebella, and compared with literature values from 15O-PET studies. RESULTS In cortical GM the determined CMRO2 values were in good agreement with the literature, whereas values in WM were about 32-48% higher than literature values. Regional analysis revealed a significantly higher CMRO2 in the occipital GM compared to the frontal and parietal GM. By contrast, no significant difference of CMRO2 was observed across the WM. In addition, CMRO2 in deep brain structures was lower compared to literature values and in the cerebella a good hemispheric symmetry of the tissue oxygen metabolism was found. CONCLUSION Dynamic 17O-MRI enables direct, non-invasive determination of regional CMRO2 in brain structures in healthy volunteers at 3T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Fisher
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ali Caglar Özen
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Burak Akin
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefan Schumann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bock
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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5
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Doiuchi D, Uchida T. Catalytic Highly Regioselective C-H Oxygenation Using Water as the Oxygen Source: Preparation of 17O/ 18O-Isotope-Labeled Compounds. Org Lett 2021; 23:7301-7305. [PMID: 34494843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We found that the oxygen atom of water is activated to iodosylbenzene derivatives via reversible hydrolysis of PhI(OOCR)2 and can be used to the oxygen source for ruthenium(bpga)-catalyzed site-selective C-H oxygenation. Ru(bpga)/PhI(OOCR)2/H2O system, sterically less bulky methinic and methylenic C-H bonds in various compounds can be converted to desired oxygen functional groups in a site-selective manner. Using this method, oxygen-isotope labeled compounds such as d-[3-17O/18O]-mannose can be prepared in a multigram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Doiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Uchida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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6
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Berner S, Schmidt AB, Ellermann F, Korchak S, Chekmenev EY, Glöggler S, von Elverfeldt D, Hennig J, Hövener JB. High field parahydrogen induced polarization of succinate and phospholactate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2320-2330. [PMID: 33449978 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06281b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The signal enhancement provided by the hyperpolarization of nuclear spins of metabolites is a promising technique for diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To date, most 13C-contrast agents are hyperpolarized utilizing a complex or cost-intensive polarizer. Recently, the in situ parahydrogen-induced 13C hyperpolarization was demonstrated. Hydrogenation, spin order transfer (SOT) by a pulsed NMR sequence, in vivo administration, and detection was achieved within the magnet bore of a 7 Tesla MRI system. So far, the hyperpolarization of the xenobiotic molecule 1-13C-hydroxyethylpropionate (HEP) and the biomolecule 1-13C-succinate (SUC) through the PH-INEPT+ sequence and a SOT scheme proposed by Goldman et al., respectively, was shown. Here, we investigate further the hyperpolarization of SUC at 7 Tesla and study the performance of two additional SOT sequences. Moreover, we present first results of the hyperpolarization at high magnetic field of 1-13C-phospholactate (PLAC), a derivate to obtain the metabolite lactate, employing the PH-INEPT+ sequence. For SUC and PLAC, 13C polarizations of about 1-2% were achieved within seconds and with minimal equipment. Effects that potentially may explain loss of 13C polarization have been identified, i.e. low hydrogenation yield, fast T1/T2 relaxation and the rarely considered 13C isotope labeling effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Berner
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany.
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7
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Wiesner HM, Balla DZ, Scheffler K, Uğurbil K, Zhu XH, Chen W, Uludağ K, Pohmann R. Quantitative and simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption rates in rat brain and skeletal muscle using 17 O MRS imaging at 16.4T. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:2232-2246. [PMID: 33104248 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxygen-17 (17 O) MRS imaging, successfully used in the brain, is extended by imaging the oxygen metabolic rate in the resting skeletal muscle and used to determine the total whole-body oxygen metabolic rate in the rat. METHODS During and after inhalations of 17 O2 gas, dynamic 17 O MRSI was performed in rats (n = 8) ventilated with N2 O or N2 at 16.4 T. Time courses of the H2 17 O concentration from regions of interest located in brain and muscle tissue were examined and used to fit an animal-adapted 3-phase metabolic model of oxygen consumption. CBF was determined with an independent washout method. Finally, body oxygen metabolic rate was calculated using a global steady-state approach. RESULTS Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption was 1.97 ± 0.19 μmol/g/min on average. The resting metabolic rate of oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle was 0.32 ± 0.12 μmol/g/min and >6 times lower than cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption. Global oxygen consumed by the body was 24.2 ± 3.6 mL O2 /kg body weight/min. CBF was estimated to be 0.28 ± 0.02 mL/g/min and 0.34 ± 0.06 mL/g/min for the N2 and N2 O ventilation condition, respectively. CONCLUSION We have evaluated the feasibility of 17 O MRSI for imaging and quantifying the oxygen consumption rate in low metabolizing organs such as the skeletal muscle at rest. Additionally, we have shown that CBF is slightly increased in the case of ventilation with N2 O. We expect this study to be beneficial to the application of 17 O MRSI to a wider range of organs, although further validation is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes M Wiesner
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dávid Z Balla
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kâmil Uğurbil
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhu
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kâmil Uludağ
- Techna Institute and Koerner Scientist in MR Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Rolf Pohmann
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
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8
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Watson WD, Miller JJJ, Lewis A, Neubauer S, Tyler D, Rider OJ, Valkovič L. Use of cardiac magnetic resonance to detect changes in metabolism in heart failure. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:583-597. [PMID: 32695639 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2019.12.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The heart has a massive adenosine triphosphate (ATP) requirement, produced from the oxidation of metabolic substrates such as fat and glucose. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy offers a unique opportunity to probe this biochemistry: 31Phosphorus spectroscopy can demonstrate the production of ATP and quantify levels of the transport molecule phosphocreatine while 13Carbon spectroscopy can demonstrate the metabolic fates of glucose in real time. These techniques allow the metabolic deficits in heart failure to be interrogated and can be a potential future clinical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Watson
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jack J J Miller
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Lewis
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Damian Tyler
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver J Rider
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ladislav Valkovič
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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9
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Rapalino O. A Direct Window into Brain Cancer Metabolism by Using MRI. Radiology 2020; 295:190-191. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020192820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Otto Rapalino
- From the Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Gray Building Room 273A, Boston, MA 02114
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10
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Paech D, Nagel AM, Schultheiss MN, Umathum R, Regnery S, Scherer M, Wick A, Platt T, Wick W, Bendszus M, Unterberg A, Schlemmer HP, Ladd ME, Niesporek SC. Quantitative Dynamic Oxygen 17 MRI at 7.0 T for the Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism in Glioma. Radiology 2020; 295:181-189. [PMID: 32068505 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020191711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Altered metabolism is a characteristic of cancer. Because of a shift in glucose metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to lactate production for energy generation, malignant tumors are characterized by increased glycolysis followed by lactic acid fermentation, even in the presence of abundant oxygen (the Warburg effect). Purpose To quantitatively investigate dynamic oxygen 17 (17O) MRI in healthy participants and participants with untreated glioma to understand altered cerebral oxygen metabolism in glioma. Materials and Methods In this prospective study conducted from September 2016 to June 2018, individuals with newly diagnosed previously untreated glioma (World Health Organization grade II-IV) and healthy volunteers were included. Dynamic 17O MRI was performed with a 7.0-T whole-body system. 17O2 gas inhalation enabled dynamic measurement of the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) consumption. In healthy volunteers and participants with glioma, CMRO2 values in gray matter and white matter volumes were compared by using Wilcoxon signed rank tests. In participants with glioma, the tumor volume and tumor subcompartments were compared with normal-appearing gray matter and white matter by using Friedman test followed by Holm-Sidak post hoc tests. Results Ten participants (mean age, 42 years ± 18 [standard deviation]; nine men) with glioma and three healthy volunteers (mean age, 44 years ± 21; all men) were evaluated. CMRO2 was higher in normal-appearing gray matter compared with white matter in both participants with glioma (2.36 μmol/g/min ± 0.22 vs 0.75 μmol/g/min ± 0.10, respectively) and healthy volunteers (2.38 μmol/g/min ± 0.15 vs 0.63 μmol/g/min ± 0.05, respectively) (P < .001 and P = .03, respectively). In the tumor region, CMRO2 was reduced (high-grade tumor CMRO2, 0.23 μmol/g/min ± 0.07; low-grade tumor CMRO2, 0.39 μmol/g/min ± 0.16; overall CMRO2, 0.34 μmol/g/min ± 0.16) compared with normal-appearing gray matter (P < .001) and normal-appearing white matter (P < .001) in accordance with the Warburg theorem. Conclusion Dynamic oxygen 17 MRI method at 7.0 T as a direct metabolic imaging technique in glioma enabled quantitative visualization of the Warburg effect. A general reduction in oxidative glycolysis was observed in accordance with the Warburg theorem. © RSNA, 2020 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Rapalino in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paech
- From the Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (D.P., M.N.S., S.R., H.P.S.); Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.M.N., R.U., T.P., M.E.L., S.C.N.); Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (A.M.N.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (S.R.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), Neurology (A.W., W.W.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.E.L.)
| | - Armin M Nagel
- From the Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (D.P., M.N.S., S.R., H.P.S.); Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.M.N., R.U., T.P., M.E.L., S.C.N.); Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (A.M.N.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (S.R.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), Neurology (A.W., W.W.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.E.L.)
| | - Miriam N Schultheiss
- From the Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (D.P., M.N.S., S.R., H.P.S.); Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.M.N., R.U., T.P., M.E.L., S.C.N.); Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (A.M.N.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (S.R.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), Neurology (A.W., W.W.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.E.L.)
| | - Reiner Umathum
- From the Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (D.P., M.N.S., S.R., H.P.S.); Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.M.N., R.U., T.P., M.E.L., S.C.N.); Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (A.M.N.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (S.R.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), Neurology (A.W., W.W.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.E.L.)
| | - Sebastian Regnery
- From the Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (D.P., M.N.S., S.R., H.P.S.); Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.M.N., R.U., T.P., M.E.L., S.C.N.); Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (A.M.N.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (S.R.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), Neurology (A.W., W.W.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.E.L.)
| | - Moritz Scherer
- From the Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (D.P., M.N.S., S.R., H.P.S.); Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.M.N., R.U., T.P., M.E.L., S.C.N.); Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (A.M.N.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (S.R.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), Neurology (A.W., W.W.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.E.L.)
| | - Antje Wick
- From the Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (D.P., M.N.S., S.R., H.P.S.); Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.M.N., R.U., T.P., M.E.L., S.C.N.); Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (A.M.N.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (S.R.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), Neurology (A.W., W.W.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.E.L.)
| | - Tanja Platt
- From the Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (D.P., M.N.S., S.R., H.P.S.); Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.M.N., R.U., T.P., M.E.L., S.C.N.); Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (A.M.N.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (S.R.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), Neurology (A.W., W.W.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.E.L.)
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- From the Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (D.P., M.N.S., S.R., H.P.S.); Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.M.N., R.U., T.P., M.E.L., S.C.N.); Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (A.M.N.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (S.R.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), Neurology (A.W., W.W.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.E.L.)
| | - Martin Bendszus
- From the Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (D.P., M.N.S., S.R., H.P.S.); Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.M.N., R.U., T.P., M.E.L., S.C.N.); Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (A.M.N.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (S.R.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), Neurology (A.W., W.W.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.E.L.)
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- From the Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (D.P., M.N.S., S.R., H.P.S.); Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.M.N., R.U., T.P., M.E.L., S.C.N.); Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (A.M.N.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (S.R.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), Neurology (A.W., W.W.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.E.L.)
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- From the Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (D.P., M.N.S., S.R., H.P.S.); Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.M.N., R.U., T.P., M.E.L., S.C.N.); Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (A.M.N.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (S.R.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), Neurology (A.W., W.W.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.E.L.)
| | - Mark E Ladd
- From the Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (D.P., M.N.S., S.R., H.P.S.); Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.M.N., R.U., T.P., M.E.L., S.C.N.); Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (A.M.N.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (S.R.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), Neurology (A.W., W.W.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.E.L.)
| | - Sebastian C Niesporek
- From the Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (D.P., M.N.S., S.R., H.P.S.); Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (A.M.N., R.U., T.P., M.E.L., S.C.N.); Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany (A.M.N.); Departments of Radiation Oncology (S.R.), Neurosurgery (M.S., A.U.), Neurology (A.W., W.W.), and Neuroradiology (M.B.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; and Faculty of Physics and Astronomy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (M.E.L.)
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11
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Kenyon E, Westerhuis JJ, Volk M, Hix J, Chakravarty S, Claucherty E, Zaluzec E, Ramsey L, Madaj Z, Hostetter G, Eagleson B, Shapiro E, Moore A, Sempere LF. Ductal tree ablation by local delivery of ethanol prevents tumor formation in an aggressive mouse model of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:129. [PMID: 31779648 PMCID: PMC6883550 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prophylactic mastectomy is the most effective intervention to prevent breast cancer. However, this major surgery has life-changing consequences at the physical, emotional, psychological, and social levels. Therefore, only high-risk individuals consider this aggressive procedure, which completely removes the mammary epithelial cells from which breast cancer arises along with surrounding tissue. Here, we seek to develop a minimally invasive procedure as an alternative to prophylactic mastectomy by intraductal (ID) delivery of a cell-killing solution that locally ablates the mammary epithelial cells before they become malignant. Methods After ID injection of a 70% ethanol-containing solution in FVB/NJ female animals, ex vivo dual stained whole-mount tissue analysis and in vivo X-ray microcomputed tomography imaging were used to visualize ductal tree filling, and histological and multiplex immunohistochemical assays were used to characterize ablative effects and quantitate the number of intact epithelial cells and stroma. After ID injection of 70% ethanol or other solutions in cancer-prone FVB-Tg-C3(1)-TAg female animals, mammary glands were palpated weekly to establish tumor latency and examined after necropsy to record tumor incidence. Statistical difference in median tumor latency and tumor incidence between experimental groups was analyzed by log-rank test and logistic mixed-effects model, respectively. Results We report that ID injection of 70% ethanol effectively ablates the mammary epithelia with limited collateral damage to surrounding stroma and vasculature in the murine ductal tree. ID injection of 70% ethanol into the mammary glands of the C3(1)-TAg multifocal breast cancer model significantly delayed tumor formation (median latency of 150 days in the untreated control group [n = 25] vs. 217 days in the ethanol-treated group [n = 13], p value < 0.0001) and reduced tumor incidence (34% of glands with tumors [85 of 250] in the untreated control group vs. 7.3% of glands with tumor [7 of 95] in the ethanol-treated group, risk ratio = 4.76 [95% CI 1.89 to 11.97, p value < 0.0001]). Conclusions This preclinical study demonstrates the feasibility of local ductal tree ablation as a novel strategy for primary prevention of breast cancer. Given the existing clinical uses of ethanol, ethanol-based ablation protocols could be readily implemented in first-in-human clinical trials for high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kenyon
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | | | - Maximilian Volk
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jeremy Hix
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Shatadru Chakravarty
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Ethan Claucherty
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Erin Zaluzec
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Lisa Ramsey
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Zach Madaj
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | | | - Bryn Eagleson
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Erik Shapiro
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Lorenzo F Sempere
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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12
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Lakshmanan K, Dehkharghani S, Madelin G, Brown R. A dual-tuned 17 O/ 1 H head array for direct brain oximetry at 3 Tesla. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:1512-1518. [PMID: 31593372 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To design and build a dual-tuned 17 O/1 H coil for direct brain oximetry at 3T. METHODS A dual-tuned 17 O/1 H coil comprising 2 degenerate mode birdcage coils was constructed to facilitate high-sensitivity 17 O and 1 H imaging. In vivo 17 O brain images were acquired in a healthy volunteer using a fermat looped orthogonally encoded trajectories sequence, together with high-resolution structural brain 1 H images. RESULTS Natural abundance 17 O images with a nominal resolution of 8 mm3 were acquired in under 20 minutes exhibiting clear delineation of the physiological 17 O distribution. One-millimeter isotropic 1 H structural brain images demonstrated excellent quality and anatomical detail using routine clinical imaging sequence parameters and parallel acceleration. CONCLUSION A dual-tuned 17 O/1 H array was constructed to enable high-sensitivity 17 O and 1 H imaging under standard clinical 3 T scanning conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Lakshmanan
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Seena Dehkharghani
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Guillaume Madelin
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,The Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Science, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ryan Brown
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.,The Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Science, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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13
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Knowles BR, Friedrich F, Fischer C, Paech D, Ladd ME. Beyond T2 and 3T: New MRI techniques for clinicians. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2019; 18:87-97. [PMID: 31341982 PMCID: PMC6630188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological advances in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in terms of field strength and hybrid MR systems have led to improvements in tumor imaging in terms of anatomy and functionality. This review paper discusses the applications of such advances in the field of radiation oncology with regards to treatment planning, therapy guidance and monitoring tumor response and predicting outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Knowles
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Friedrich
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carola Fischer
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Berner S, Schmidt AB, Zimmermann M, Pravdivtsev AN, Glöggler S, Hennig J, von Elverfeldt D, Hövener J. SAMBADENA Hyperpolarization of 13C-Succinate in an MRI: Singlet-Triplet Mixing Causes Polarization Loss. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:728-736. [PMID: 31275794 PMCID: PMC6587320 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal enhancement provided by the hyperpolarization of nuclear spins of biological molecules is a highly promising technique for diagnostic imaging. To date, most 13C-contrast agents had to be polarized in an extra, complex or cost intensive polarizer. Recently, the in situ hyperpolarization of a 13C contrast agent to >20 % was demonstrated without a polarizer but within the bore of an MRI system. This approach addresses some of the challenges of MRI with hyperpolarized tracers, i. e. elevated cost, long production times, and loss of polarization during transfer to the detection site. Here, we demonstrate the first hyperpolarization of a biomolecule in aqueous solution in the bore of an MRI at field strength of 7 T within seconds. The 13C nucleus of 1-13C, 2,3-2H2-succinate was polarized to 11 % corresponding to a signal enhancement of approximately 18.000. Interesting effects during the process of the hydrogenation reaction which lead to a significant loss of polarization have been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Berner
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgKillianstraße 5a79106FreiburgGermany
- German Consortium for Cancer Research (DKTK) partner site Freiburg
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas B. Schmidt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgKillianstraße 5a79106FreiburgGermany
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Section Biomedical Imaging, MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig-HolsteinUniversity of KielAm Botanischen Garten 1424118KielGermany
| | - Mirko Zimmermann
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgKillianstraße 5a79106FreiburgGermany
| | - Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Section Biomedical Imaging, MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig-HolsteinUniversity of KielAm Botanischen Garten 1424118KielGermany
| | - Stefan Glöggler
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of NeurodegenerationVon-Siebold-Straße 3a37075GöttingenGermany
| | - Jürgen Hennig
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgKillianstraße 5a79106FreiburgGermany
| | - Dominik von Elverfeldt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgKillianstraße 5a79106FreiburgGermany
| | - Jan‐Bernd Hövener
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Section Biomedical Imaging, MOIN CC, University Medical Center Schleswig-HolsteinUniversity of KielAm Botanischen Garten 1424118KielGermany
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15
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Hu R, Kleimaier D, Malzacher M, Hoesl MA, Paschke NK, Schad LR. X‐nuclei imaging: Current state, technical challenges, and future directions. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:355-376. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruomin Hu
- Computer Assisted Clinical MedicineHeidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Dennis Kleimaier
- Computer Assisted Clinical MedicineHeidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Matthias Malzacher
- Computer Assisted Clinical MedicineHeidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | | | - Nadia K. Paschke
- Computer Assisted Clinical MedicineHeidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Lothar R. Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical MedicineHeidelberg University Mannheim Germany
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16
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Ladd ME, Bachert P, Meyerspeer M, Moser E, Nagel AM, Norris DG, Schmitter S, Speck O, Straub S, Zaiss M. Pros and cons of ultra-high-field MRI/MRS for human application. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 109:1-50. [PMID: 30527132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopic techniques are widely used in humans both for clinical diagnostic applications and in basic research areas such as cognitive neuroimaging. In recent years, new human MR systems have become available operating at static magnetic fields of 7 T or higher (≥300 MHz proton frequency). Imaging human-sized objects at such high frequencies presents several challenges including non-uniform radiofrequency fields, enhanced susceptibility artifacts, and higher radiofrequency energy deposition in the tissue. On the other side of the scale are gains in signal-to-noise or contrast-to-noise ratio that allow finer structures to be visualized and smaller physiological effects to be detected. This review presents an overview of some of the latest methodological developments in human ultra-high field MRI/MRS as well as associated clinical and scientific applications. Emphasis is given to techniques that particularly benefit from the changing physical characteristics at high magnetic fields, including susceptibility-weighted imaging and phase-contrast techniques, imaging with X-nuclei, MR spectroscopy, CEST imaging, as well as functional MRI. In addition, more general methodological developments such as parallel transmission and motion correction will be discussed that are required to leverage the full potential of higher magnetic fields, and an overview of relevant physiological considerations of human high magnetic field exposure is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Ladd
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Peter Bachert
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Meyerspeer
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ewald Moser
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - David G Norris
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Schmitter
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany.
| | - Oliver Speck
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Sina Straub
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
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17
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In vivo MRI with Concurrent Excitation and Acquisition using Automated Active Analog Cancellation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10631. [PMID: 30006628 PMCID: PMC6045667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28894-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides excellent cross-sectional images of the soft tissues in patients. Unfortunately, MRI is intrinsically slow, it exposes patients to severe acoustic noise levels, and is limited in the visualization of certain tissues such as bone. These limitations are partly caused by the timing structure of the MRI exam which first generates the MR signal by a strong radio-frequency excitation and later acquires the weak MRI signal. Concurrent excitation and acquisition (CEA) can overcome these limitations, but is extremely challenging due to the huge intensity difference between transmit and receive signal (up to 100 dB). To suppress the strong transmit signals during signal reception, a fully automated analog cancellation unit was designed. On a 3 Tesla clinical MRI system we achieved an on-resonance analog isolation of 90 dB between the transmit and receive path, so that CEA images of the head and the extremities could be acquired with an acquisition efficiency of higher than 90% at sound pressure levels close to background noise. CEA with analog cancellation might provide new opportunities for MRI in tissues with very short T2 relaxation times, and it offers a silent and time-efficient MRI acquisition.
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18
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Kurzhunov D, Borowiak R, Reisert M, Özen AC, Bock M. Direct estimation of 17 O MR images (DIESIS) for quantification of oxygen metabolism in the human brain with partial volume correction. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:2717-2725. [PMID: 29770486 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide a data post-processing method that corrects for partial volume effects (PVE) and fast <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>*</mml:mo></mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> decay in dynamic 17 O MRI for the mapping of cerebral metabolic rates of oxygen consumption (CMRO2 ). METHODS CMRO2 is altered in neurodegenerative diseases and tumors and can be measured after 17 O gas inhalation using dynamic 17 O MRI. CMRO2 quantification is difficult because of PVE. To correct for PVE, a direct estimation of the MR images (DIESIS) method is proposed and used in 4 dynamic 17 O MRI data sets of a healthy volunteer acquired on a 3T MRI system. With DIESIS, 17 O MR signal time curves in selected regions were directly estimated based on parcellation of a coregistered 1 H MPRAGE image. RESULTS Profile likelihood analysis of the DIESIS method showed identifiability of CMRO2 . In white matter (WM), DIESES reduced CMRO2 from 0.97 ± 0.25 µmol/gtissue /min with Kaiser-Bessel gridding reconstruction to 0.85 ± 0.21 µmol/gtissue /min, whereas in gray matter (GM) it increases from 1.3 ± 0.31 µmol/gtissue /min to 1.86 ± 0.36 µmol/gtissue /min; both values are closer to the literature values from the 15 O-PET studies. CONCLUSION DIESIS provided an increased separation of CMRO2 values in GM and WM brain regions and corrected for partial volume effects in 17 O-MRI inhalation experiments. DIESIS could also be applied to more heterogeneous tissues such as glioblastomas if subregions of the tumor can be represented as additional parcels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kurzhunov
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Borowiak
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Reisert
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ali Caglar Özen
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Bock
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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19
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20
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Borowiak R, Reichardt W, Kurzhunov D, Schuch C, Leupold J, Krafft AJ, Reisert M, Lange T, Fischer E, Bock M. Initial investigation of glucose metabolism in mouse brain using enriched 17 O-glucose and dynamic 17 O-MRS. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3724. [PMID: 28370576 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this initial work, the in vivo degradation of 17 O-labeled glucose was studied during cellular glycolysis. To monitor cellular glucose metabolism, direct 17 O-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used in the mouse brain at 9.4 T. Non-localized spectra were acquired with a custom-built transmit/receive (Tx/Rx) two-turn surface coil and a free induction decay (FID) sequence with a short TR of 5.4 ms. The dynamics of labeled oxygen in the anomeric 1-OH and 6-CH2 OH groups was detected using a Hankel-Lanczos singular value decomposition (HLSVD) algorithm for water suppression. Time-resolved 17 O-MRS (temporal resolution, 42/10.5 s) was performed in 10 anesthetized (1.25% isoflurane) mice after injection of a 2.2 M solution containing 2.5 mg/g body weight of differently labeled 17 O-glucose dissolved in 0.9% physiological saline. From a pharmacokinetic model fit of the H217 O concentration-time course, a mean apparent cerebral metabolic rate of 17 O-labeled glucose in mouse brain of CMRGlc = 0.07 ± 0.02 μmol/g/min was extracted, which is of the same order of magnitude as a literature value of 0.26 ± 0.06 μmol/g/min reported by 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). In addition, we studied the chemical exchange kinetics of aqueous solutions of 17 O-labeled glucose at the C1 and C6 positions with dynamic 17 O-MRS. In conclusion, the results of the exchange and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the C6-17 OH label in the 6-CH2 OH group is transformed only glycolytically by the enzyme enolase into the metabolic end-product H217 O, whereas C1-17 OH ends up in water via direct hydrolysis as well as glycolysis. Therefore, dynamic 17 O-MRS of highly labeled 17 O-glucose could provide a valuable non-radioactive alternative to FDG PET in order to investigate glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Borowiak
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Reichardt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dmitry Kurzhunov
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Jochen Leupold
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Axel Joachim Krafft
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Reisert
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lange
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Fischer
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bock
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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21
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Kurzhunov D, Borowiak R, Reisert M, Joachim Krafft A, Caglar Özen A, Bock M. 3D CMRO 2 mapping in human brain with direct 17O MRI: Comparison of conventional and proton-constrained reconstructions. Neuroimage 2017; 155:612-624. [PMID: 28527792 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen metabolism is altered in brain tumor regions and is quantified by the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2). Direct dynamic 17O MRI with inhalation of isotopically enriched 17O2 gas can be used to quantify CMRO2; however, pixel-wise CMRO2 quantification in human brain is challenging due to low natural abundance of 17O isotope and, thus, the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 17O MR images. To test the feasibility CMRO2 mapping at a clinical 3 T MRI system, a new iterative reconstruction was proposed, which uses the edge information contained in a co-registered 1H gradient image to construct a non-homogeneous anisotropic diffusion (AD) filter. AD-constrained reconstruction of 17O MR images was compared to conventional Kaiser-Bessel gridding without and with Hanning filtering, and to iterative reconstruction with a total variation (TV) constraint. For numerical brain phantom and in two in vivo data sets of one healthy volunteer, AD-constrained reconstruction provided 17O images with improved resolution of fine brain structures and resulted in higher SNR. CMRO2 values of 0.78 - 1.55µmol/gtissue/min (white brain matter) and 1.03 - 2.01µmol/gtissue/min (gray brain matter) as well as the CMRO2 maps are in a good agreement with the results of 15O-PET and 17O MRI at 7 T and at 9.4 T. In conclusion, the proposed AD-constrained reconstruction enabled calculation of 3D CMRO2 maps at 3 T MRI system, which is an essential step towards clinical translation of 17O MRI for non-invasive CMRO2 quantification in tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kurzhunov
- Dept. of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Robert Borowiak
- Dept. of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Reisert
- Dept. of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Axel Joachim Krafft
- Dept. of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ali Caglar Özen
- Dept. of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bock
- Dept. of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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22
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Kurzhunov D, Borowiak R, Hass H, Wagner P, Krafft AJ, Timmer J, Bock M. Quantification of oxygen metabolic rates in Human brain with dynamic 17 O MRI: Profile likelihood analysis. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:1157-1167. [PMID: 27804163 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parameter identifiability and confidence intervals were determined using a profile likelihood (PL) analysis method in a quantification model of the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2 ) with direct 17 O MRI. METHODS Three-dimensional dynamic 17 O MRI datasets of the human brain were acquired after inhalation of 17 O2 gas with the help of a rebreathing system, and CMRO2 was quantified with a pharmacokinetic model. To analyze the influence of the different model parameters on the identifiability of CMRO2 , PLs were calculated for different settings of the model parameters. In particular, the 17 O enrichment fraction of the inhaled 17 O2 gas, α, was investigated assuming a constant and a linearly varying model. Identifiability was analyzed for white and gray matter, and the dependency on different priors was studied. RESULTS Prior knowledge about only one α-related parameter was sufficient to resolve the CMRO2 nonidentifiability, and CMRO2 rates (0.72-0.99 µmol/gtissue /min in white matter, 1.02-1.78 µmol/gtissue /min in gray matter) are in a good agreement with the results of 15 O positron emission tomography studies. Nonconstant α values significantly improved model fitting. CONCLUSION The profile likelihood analysis shows that CMRO2 can be measured reliably in 17 O gas MRI experiment if the 17 O enrichment fraction is used as prior information for the model calculations. Magn Reson Med 78:1157-1167, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kurzhunov
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Borowiak
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helge Hass
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wagner
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Axel Joachim Krafft
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Timmer
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bock
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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23
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Zhu XH, Chen W. In vivo 17O MRS imaging - Quantitative assessment of regional oxygen consumption and perfusion rates in living brain. Anal Biochem 2016; 529:171-178. [PMID: 27568551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, in vivo oxygen-17 (17O) MRS has evolved into a promising MR technique for noninvasively studying oxygen metabolism and perfusion in aerobic organs with the capability of imaging the regional metabolic rate of oxygen and its changes. In this chapter, we will briefly review the methodology of the in vivo17O MRS technique and its recent development and applications; we will also discuss the advantages of the high/ultrahigh magnetic field for 17O MR detection, as well as the challenges and potential of this unique MRS method for biomedical research of oxygen metabolism, mitochondrial function and tissue energetics in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Zhu
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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24
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Wiesner HM, Balla DZ, Shajan G, Scheffler K, Uğurbil K, Chen W, Uludağ K, Pohmann R. (17)O relaxation times in the rat brain at 16.4 tesla. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:1886-93. [PMID: 26098931 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Measurement of the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2 ) by means of direct imaging of the (17) O signal can be a valuable tool in neuroscientific research. However, knowledge of the longitudinal and transverse relaxation times of different brain tissue types is required, which is difficult to obtain because of the low sensitivity of natural abundance H2 (17) O measurements. METHODS Using the improved sensitivity at a field strength of 16.4 Tesla, relaxation time measurements in the rat brain were performed in vivo and postmortem with relatively high spatial resolutions, using a chemical shift imaging sequence. RESULTS In vivo relaxation times of rat brain were found to be T1 = 6.84 ± 0.67 ms and T2 * = 1.77 ± 0.04 ms. Postmortem H2 (17) O relaxometry at enriched concentrations after inhalation of (17) O2 showed similar T2 * values for gray matter (1.87 ± 0.04 ms) and white matter, significantly longer than muscle (1.27 ± 0.05 ms) and shorter than cerebrospinal fluid (2.30 ± 0.16 ms). CONCLUSION Relaxation times of brain H2 (17) O were measured for the first time in vivo in different types of tissues with high spatial resolution. Because the relaxation times of H2 (17) O are expected to be independent of field strength, our results should help in optimizing the acquisition parameters for experiments also at other MRI field strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes M Wiesner
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dávid Z Balla
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - G Shajan
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kâmil Uğurbil
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kâmil Uludağ
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center (M-BIC), Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf Pohmann
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
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25
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Konstandin S, Schad LR. 30 Years of sodium/X-nuclei magnetic resonance imaging. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 27:1-4. [PMID: 24449020 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-013-0426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In principle, all nuclei with nonzero spin can be employed for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Special scanner hardware and MR sequences are required to select the nucleus-specific frequency and to enable imaging with "sufficient" signal-to-noise ratio. This Special Issue starts with an overview of different nuclei that can be used for MRI today, followed by a review article about techniques required for imaging of quadrupolar nuclei with short relaxation times. Sequence developments to improve image quality and applications on different organs and diseases are presented for different nuclei ((23)Na, (35)Cl, (17)O, and (19)F), with a focus on imaging at natural abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Konstandin
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany,
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