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Pellegrin KL, Hales S, O'Neil P, Wongwiwatthananukit S, Jongrungruangchok S, Songsak T, Lozano AJ, Miller K, Mnatzaganian CL, Fricovsky E, Nigg CR, Tagorda-Kama M, Hanlon AL. Community Culture Survey - Revised: Measuring neighborhood culture and exploring geographic, socioeconomic, and cultural determinants of health in samples across the United States and in Thailand. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2024; 7:100512. [PMID: 38846106 PMCID: PMC11153899 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2024.100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Research on links between social, geographic, and cultural determinants of health has been thwarted by inadequate measures of culture. The purpose of this study was to improve the measurement of community culture, defined as shared patterns of attitudes and behaviors among people within a neighborhood that distinguish it from others, and to examine dimensions of culture, independent of socioeconomic and demographic factors, and their relationships with health. Study design A survey research design with correlational analyses was used. Methods A survey packet including the Community Culture Survey - Revised (CCS-R), demographic, health, and other individual-level measures was administered through convenience sampling across the United States (US) and to a sample in Thailand from 2016 to 2018. US county-level variables were obtained from zip codes. Results 1930 participants from 49 US states (n = 1592) and Thailand (n = 338) completed all CCS-R items, from which 12 subscales were derived: Social Support & Connectedness, Responsibility for Self & Others, Family Ties & Duties, Social Distress, Urban Diversity, Discontinuity, Church-Engaged, External Resource-Seeking, Locally Owned Business-Active, Power Deference, Next Generation Focus, and Self-Reliance. Neighborhood culture subscale scores varied more by geography than by participant's demographics. All subscales predicted one or more health indicator, and some of these relationships were significant after adjusting for participant age and county-level socioeconomic variables. Most of the significant differences on subscales by race/ethnicity were no longer significant after adjusting for participant's age and county-level socioeconomic variables. Most rural/urban and regional differences in culture within the US persisted after these adjustments. Based on correlational analyses, Social Support & Connectedness and Responsibility for Self & Others were the best predictors of participants' overall health and quality of life, and Responsibility for Self & Others was the best predictor (inversely) of the CDC's measures of social vulnerability. Conclusions Neighborhood culture is measurable, multi-dimensional, distinct from race/ethnicity, and related to health even after controlling for age and socioeconomic factors. The CCS-R is useful for advancing research and practice addressing the complex interactions between individuals, their neighborhood communities, and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Pellegrin
- Center for Rural Health Science, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo, USA
| | - Sarah Hales
- Weight Management Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Patrick O'Neil
- Weight Management Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alicia J. Lozano
- Center for Biostatistics and Health Data Science (CBHDS), Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - Katharine Miller
- Statistical Applications and Innovations Group (SAIG), Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, USA
| | | | - Eduardo Fricovsky
- University of California San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USA
| | - Claudio R. Nigg
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexandra L. Hanlon
- Center for Biostatistics and Health Data Science (CBHDS), Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, USA
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2
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Lawlor JA, Metta KR. From parts to whole: Embracing systems science in community psychology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 72:366-377. [PMID: 37786983 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
With our field's strong focus on context for understanding and acting on social problems, community psychologists have frequently elevated the importance of employing systems thinking and methods that help us to understand systems more effectively. As a result, community psychologists have adopted some methods from the interdisciplinary field of systems science. In this virtual special issue, we will compare how several of these approaches have been used in publications in the AJCP in the last 50 years. We identify differences in their popularity, implementation with communities, and how they create generative discussion in the field. We conclude by looking to the future to explore ways community psychology can deepen engagement with methods from systems science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle R Metta
- Department of Integrated Science and Technology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
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3
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Bahl NKH, Øversveen E, Brodahl M, Nafstad HE, Blakar RM, Ness O, Landheim AS, Tømmervik K. In what ways do emerging adults with substance use problems experience their communities as influencing their personal recovery processes? JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:3070-3100. [PMID: 35187694 PMCID: PMC9545888 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Applying the multiple psychological sense of community concept (MPSOC), this study explored how emerging adults with substance use problems experience the influences of various senses of community and communities on their personal recovery processes. Semi-structured interviews with 21 emerging adults from different urban contexts in Norway were analysed using a collaborative, seven-step, deductive, and reflexive thematic approach. MPSOC is shown to be a key concept for achieving a broad, in-depth understanding of emerging adults' senses of community and personal experiences of community influences on recovery processes from substance use. Positive and negative senses of community in geographical, relational, substance use-related and ideal communities influence the potentials and challenges in emerging adults' recovery processes. Supportive and motivating community relationships, meaningful activities with peers, and distance from recovery-impeding communities were identified as important recovery components. To promote recovery and prevent substance use in emerging adults, community approaches and tools applied in substance use treatment have to take into account and utilise multidimensional and age group-specific aspects of belonging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kavita Heggen Bahl
- Department of Research and Development, Clinic of Substance Use and Addiction MedicineSt. Olavs University HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | - Emil Øversveen
- Department of Sociology and Political ScienceNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Morten Brodahl
- Mental Health Division, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health DisordersInnlandet Hospital TrustBrumunddalNorway
| | | | | | - Ottar Ness
- Department of Education and Lifelong LearningNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Anne S. Landheim
- Mental Health Division, Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health DisordersInnlandet Hospital TrustBrumunddalNorway
- Campus ElverumInnlandet University of Applied SciencesElverumNorway
| | - Kristin Tømmervik
- Department of Research and Development, Clinic of Substance Use and Addiction MedicineSt. Olavs University HospitalTrondheimNorway
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4
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Park HS. A longitudinal study investigating the relationships among multicultural receptivity, sense of community, and self-esteem of Korean adolescents. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:2385-2398. [PMID: 34969149 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The relative homogeneity in ethnicity and language of native Koreans and their highly competitive lifestyle, especially among adolescents preparing for college, have limited their solidarity with heterogeneous ethnic groups, which may cause problems in this global era. This study uses the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey to explore the relationships among multicultural receptivity, sense of community, and self-esteem for Korean adolescents over three time points. For this purpose this study conducted an autoregressive cross-lagged path analysis, controlling for covariates such as gender, parenting style, peer attachment, and satisfaction with academic achievement. The cross-lagged effects on each other of self-esteem and sense of community were positive over time. The cross-lagged effects on each other of multicultural receptivity and self-esteem were not statistically significant. The results were less symmetrical for the third pairing: the effects of multicultural receptivity on sense of community were consistently positive, but the effects of sense of community on multicultural receptivity were not statistically significant. To enhance the sense of community, promoting multicultural receptivity and self-esteem would therefore show good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sook Park
- Honam University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Institute for Educational Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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5
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Brott H, Kornbluh M, Banfield J, Boullion AM, Incaudo G. Leveraging research to inform prevention and intervention efforts: Identifying risk and protective factors for rural and urban homeless families within transitional housing programs. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:1854-1874. [PMID: 34254319 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This mixed method study spotlights hardships and supportive factors for unhoused families led by single mothers who have successfully graduated from two transitional housing programs, one rural and one urban. Data collection consisted of entry and exit surveys (n = 241) as well as qualitative interviews (n = 11). Binary logistic regression results indicated education and social support as significant predictors of successful program completion. Qualitative findings further illustrate narratives surrounding supportive factors and program supports (i.e., assistance securing employment, education courses, sense of community), as well as policy implications. Implications stress the need for enhancing supportive factors (i.e., education and social capital) in early prevention efforts (e.g., schools and community centers), as well as an intentional integration of addressing socio-emotional needs and resources within housing programs and services unique to rural and urban communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gary Incaudo
- University of California, Davis, California, USA
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6
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Scarpa MP, Zopluoglu C, Prilleltensky I. Mattering in the community: Domain and demographic differences in a US sample. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:1481-1502. [PMID: 34614237 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mattering is defined as experiences of feeling valued and adding value in different domains of life: self, relationships, work, and community. Mattering is a construct with great relevance across psychological and social issues. Research has suggested there may be value in understanding group differences in mattering. Following the recent validation of a scale which measures mattering across multiple domains of life (MIDLS), the present study analyzed a representative US sample to identify demographic group differences in domain-specific mattering. Despite the presence of few differences in Overall Mattering, significant differences were found among all domains and between groups for each demographic variable. Overall, high incomes, advanced degrees, and employment were most consistently associated with higher mattering across domains. In addition, individuals across demographic groups and domains were more likely to report adding value than feeling valued. Age, gender, ethnicity, and marital status correlations were found in certain domains. These results demonstrate the value of a multidimensional conception of mattering and provide initial insight into demographic differences in mattering in a United States, English-speaking sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Scarpa
- School of Education and Human Development, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | | | - Isaac Prilleltensky
- School of Education and Human Development, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
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7
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Lardier DT, Opara I, Roach E. A latent profile analysis of psychological sense of community and ethnic identity among racial-ethnic minority young adults from the southwestern United States. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:857-875. [PMID: 34402065 PMCID: PMC8831427 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Among young adults fof color, both sense of community and ethnic identity, as developmental processes, have been associated with wellness, empowerment, and civic action. Additional research is needed that provides empirical support for the connection between psychological sense of community and ethnic identity on outcomes that relate to human development such as intrapersonal psychological empowerment, civic engagement, and depression symptoms. The current study of young adults of color (N = 243; 70% Hispanic/Chicano(a)/Spanish and 10% American Indian/Native American; 70% female) investigates heterogeneity according to dimensions of psychological sense of community and the ethnic identity construct. Latent profile analyses (LPA) were conducted. Using LPA, five profile groups emerged. Profile group differences were present on reported levels of intrapersonal psychological empowerment, civic engagement, and depression symptoms. Majority of sample participants were classified with moderate to high psychological sense of community and ethnic identity. Findings provide insights for efforts on developing community belongingness based on ethnic group identity and engaging young adults in civic life.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T. Lardier
- Correspondence David T. Lardier Jr., PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131.
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8
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Lardier DT, Opara I, Cantu I, Garcia-Reid P, Reid RJ. The brief sense of community scale: Testing dimensionality and measurement invariance by gender among Hispanic/Latinx youth. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:409-425. [PMID: 33938003 PMCID: PMC8563485 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Psychological sense of community is defined as feelings of belongingness and a shared belief that community members will meet one another's needs. Psychological sense of community has four dimensions: membership, influence, needs fulfillment, and emotional connection. In this study, multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the first and second-order factor structure of the brief sense of community scale (BSCS) between male and female Hispanic/Latinx adolescents from an urban community (N = 947). To help validate the BSCS model, the second-order factor model was tested with regression to predict the measures of intrapersonal psychological empowerment and ethnic identity, as constructs conceptually related to psychological sense of community. Findings support that: (1) psychological sense of community can be measured through the BSCS and as a four-factor model among Hispanic/Latinx youth, supporting McMillan and Chavis's (1986) original theoretical discussions; (2) while no differences between genders were present at the model-level, there was path-specific variation; and (3) intrapersonal psychological empowerment and ethnic identity were associated with psychological sense of community.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Lardier
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Ijeoma Opara
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Irene Cantu
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Pauline Garcia-Reid
- Department of Family Science and Human Development, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, USA
| | - Robert J Reid
- Department of Family Science and Human Development, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, USA
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9
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Carter A, Alexander AC, Gomez V, Zhang N, Allen M. “We’re open to all”: The paradox of diversity in the U.S.-based free fitness movement. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2021.1998375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Carter
- Department of Public Health and Recreation, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Adam C. Alexander
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Vicky Gomez
- Department of Public Health and Recreation, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Ni Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Recreation, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Monica Allen
- Department of Public Health and Recreation, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA
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10
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Modeling pluralism and self-regulation explains the emergence of cooperation in networked societies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19226. [PMID: 34584146 PMCID: PMC8479068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of cooperative behavior of individuals in complex societies represents a fundamental research question which puzzles scientists working in heterogeneous fields. Many studies have been developed using the unitary agent assumption, which embeds the idea that when making decisions, individuals share the same socio-cultural parameters. In this paper, we propose the ECHO-EGN model, based on Evolutionary Game Theory, which relaxes this strong assumption by considering the heterogeneity of three fundamental socio-cultural aspects ruling the behavior of groups of people: the propensity to be more cooperative with members of the same group (Endogamic cooperation), the propensity to cooperate with the public domain (Civicness) and the propensity to prefer connections with members of the same group (Homophily). The ECHO-EGN model is shown to have high performance in describing real world behavior of interacting individuals living in complex environments. Extensive numerical experiments allowing the comparison of real data and model simulations confirmed that the introduction of the above mechanisms enhances the realism in the modelling of cooperation dynamics. Additionally, theoretical findings allow us to conclude that endogamic cooperation may limit significantly the emergence of cooperation.
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11
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Modesti C, Talamo A. Defining Adjustment to Address the Missing Link between Refugees and Their Resettlement Communities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189902. [PMID: 34574824 PMCID: PMC8469661 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: data from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) show that, in 2020, among 82.4 million refugees, only 251,000 returned to their home countries, indicating the desire for refugees to stay, for the long-term, in their new homelands. The paper contributes to the scientific–psychological debate on the social representation of refugee populations, by studying this population, not simply as “foreigners”, traumatized and resourceless people, but rather focusing on the factors that lead to their positive adjustments within local communities. Method: a scoping review was carried out to explore the phenomenon of adjustment (RQ1) and to identify the factors that foster adjustment among refugees and their resettlement communities (RQ2). A research protocol and eligibility criteria were defined prior to conducting the literature research through the Scopus database. Afterwards, data charting and items were conducted to organize the results. Results: a process of data mapping outlined three dimensions of adjustment—psychological, social, and scholastic. In addition, six macro factors emerged that ease refugee adjustments—context characteristics, time, social integration markers, acculturation, social support, and psychological capital. Results show that adjustment is the result of the inter-relations among sociological and psychological factors. Conclusions: the lack of studies addressing the inner resources of refugees and community participation confirms that research in this field needs a change of paradigm, to identify the resources that refugees use to adjust to their new communities and promote their development.
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12
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Cardenas I, Steiner JJ, Peterson NA. Measurement invariance of the Brief Sense of Community Scale across non-Hispanic, Black and Hispanic college students. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:2106-2121. [PMID: 34156099 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ethnic-racial background may influence college students' psychological sense of community (PSOC). Thus, it is critical to examine whether this construct is conceptualized similarly between non-Hispanic, Black and Hispanic students. This study tested the measurement invariance of the Brief Sense of Community Scale (BSCS) across the two groups. We used data from a self-administered online survey provided to college students in 2016 in a Northeastern urban university (non-Hispanic, Black = 307; Hispanic = 409). We tested the measurement invariance of the BSCS using a series of nested multigroup confirmatory factor analyses with increasingly restrictive sets of parameters. Measurement invariance of the BSCS across non-Hispanic, Black and Hispanic college students was achieved. The BSCS successfully measures the multidimensionality of PSOC across the two groups in a college setting. Students' score on the BSCS is not biased by measurement invariance related to cultural influences. When using the BSCS, community psychologists and researchers can have confidence that the observed differences in PSOC across non-Hispanic, Black and Hispanic college students are attributable to true differences rather than a cultural understanding of the construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Cardenas
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jordan J Steiner
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - N Andrew Peterson
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Hill N, Murray K. Psychological sense of community and values: Understanding attitudes towards people seeking asylum and Australia's First Nations People. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hill
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Kate Murray
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,
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Lardier DT, Merrill EA, Cantu IN. Psychological sense of community and motivation toward collective social change among community coalition members of color in the southwestern United States. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 49:547-563. [PMID: 33225489 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drawing on McMillan and Chavis's psychological sense of community framework among southwestern community coalition members (N = 18), data were examined for narratives of how psychological sense of community and experiences of community manifest among coalition members. We were also interested in knowing how coalition members make meaning of social change. Findings illustrate that dimensions of psychological sense of community (e.g., membership, emotional connection, needs' fulfillment, and influence) are important in how members made meaning of community needs and their own participation in the coalition. Implications are put forward for theory and community programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Lardier
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Erica A Merrill
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Irene N Cantu
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
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15
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Zumeta LN, Castro-Abril P, Méndez L, Pizarro JJ, Włodarczyk A, Basabe N, Navarro-Carrillo G, Padoan-De Luca S, da Costa S, Alonso-Arbiol I, Torres-Gómez B, Cakal H, Delfino G, Techio EM, Alzugaray C, Bilbao M, Villagrán L, López-López W, Ruiz-Pérez JI, Cedeño CC, Reyes-Valenzuela C, Alfaro-Beracoechea L, Contreras-Ibáñez C, Ibarra ML, Reyes-Sosa H, Cueto RM, Carvalho CL, Pinto IR. Collective Effervescence, Self-Transcendence, and Gender Differences in Social Well-Being During 8 March Demonstrations. Front Psychol 2020; 11:607538. [PMID: 33362666 PMCID: PMC7759529 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
8 March (8M), now known as International Women's Day, is a day for feminist claims where demonstrations are organized in over 150 countries, with the participation of millions of women all around the world. These demonstrations can be viewed as collective rituals and thus focus attention on the processes that facilitate different psychosocial effects. This work aims to explore the mechanisms (i.e., behavioral and attentional synchrony, perceived emotional synchrony, and positive and transcendent emotions) involved in participation in the demonstrations of 8 March 2020, collective and ritualized feminist actions, and their correlates associated with personal well-being (i.e., affective well-being and beliefs of personal growth) and collective well-being (i.e., social integration variables: situated identity, solidarity and fusion), collective efficacy and collective growth, and behavioral intention to support the fight for women's rights. To this end, a cross-cultural study was conducted with the participation of 2,854 people (age 18-79; M = 30.55; SD = 11.66) from countries in Latin America (Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador) and Europe (Spain and Portugal), with a retrospective correlational cross-sectional design and a convenience sample. Participants were divided between demonstration participants (n = 1,271; 94.0% female) and non-demonstrators or followers who monitored participants through the media and social networks (n = 1,583; 75.87% female). Compared with non-demonstrators and with males, female and non-binary gender respondents had greater scores in mechanisms and criterion variables. Further random-effects model meta-analyses revealed that the perceived emotional synchrony was consistently associated with more proximal mechanisms, as well as with criterion variables. Finally, sequential moderation analyses showed that proposed mechanisms successfully mediated the effects of participation on every criterion variable. These results indicate that participation in 8M marches and demonstrations can be analyzed through the literature on collective rituals. As such, collective participation implies positive outcomes both individually and collectively, which are further reinforced through key psychological mechanisms, in line with a Durkheimian approach to collective rituals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larraitz N Zumeta
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian/Donostia, Spain
| | - Pablo Castro-Abril
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian/Donostia, Spain
| | - Lander Méndez
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian/Donostia, Spain
| | - José J Pizarro
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian/Donostia, Spain
| | - Anna Włodarczyk
- School of Psychology, Catholic University of North, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Nekane Basabe
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian/Donostia, Spain
| | - Ginés Navarro-Carrillo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Education Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Sonia Padoan-De Luca
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian/Donostia, Spain
| | - Silvia da Costa
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian/Donostia, Spain
| | - Itziar Alonso-Arbiol
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (for its Spanish/Basque initials), San Sebastian/Donostia, Spain
| | - Bárbara Torres-Gómez
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (for its Spanish/Basque initials), San Sebastian/Donostia, Spain
| | - Huseyin Cakal
- School of Psychology, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gisela Delfino
- Centre of Research in Psychology and Psychopedagogy, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elza M Techio
- Laboratory for the Study of Psychological and Social Processes (LEPPS), Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador de Bahía, Brazil
| | | | - Marian Bilbao
- Faculty of Psychology, Alberto Hurtado University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto Villagrán
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Concepcion University, Concepción, Chile
| | - Wilson López-López
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Xavierian University, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Cynthia C Cedeño
- Faculty of Psychology, Salesian Polytechnic University, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Laura Alfaro-Beracoechea
- Department of Communication and Psychology, University Centre of Ciénega, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlán, Mexico
| | - Carlos Contreras-Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Social Cognition, Department of Sociology, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Iztapalapa, Mexico
| | - Manuel Leonardo Ibarra
- University Campus in Nezahualcóyotl, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Nezahualcóyotl, Mexico
| | - Hiram Reyes-Sosa
- Department of Social Psychology, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Cueto
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Catarina L Carvalho
- Laboratory of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel R Pinto
- Laboratory of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Stewart K, Townley G. How Far Have we Come? An Integrative Review of the Current Literature on Sense of Community and Well-being. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 66:166-189. [PMID: 32809238 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sense of community and well-being are considered core tenets in the field of community psychology, acting as focal points for theory, research, and action. This integrative review synthesizes the empirical literature on sense of community and well-being with respect to four research questions focused on the relationships between these variables, the methodologies used to study those relationships, and how future research might expand upon the current literature. A search of the available literature produced 30 articles that met the search criteria, based primarily on conceptualizations and measurement of both sense of community and hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. This review suggests a general consensus across the literature of a positive relationship between sense of community and well-being among both youth and adults in a variety of settings, and discusses the strengths and limitations of this area of research, pointing to the need for more nuanced, ecologically valid research that incorporates more qualitative and critical methodologies. We hope that this review can promote a more thorough understanding of how sense of community and individual well-being relate to each other, and that ongoing research in this area can be a catalyst for action research and interventions that are applied to pressing contemporary issues as well as strengths-based approaches focused on how to foster and support the well-being of individuals within their community contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katricia Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Greg Townley
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
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Patka M, Wallin-Ruschman J, Al Rahma BA, Zar A, Bin Nauman H, Sharif JM, Ikram S, Ul Hasan T, Naeem A, Sharif GM, Mehboob N, Azim T, Khanam Z. 'We need to share our stories': the lives of Pakistanis with intellectual disability and their guardians. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2020; 64:345-356. [PMID: 32166785 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The experiences of Pakistanis with intellectual disabilities (IDs) and their family members have been underexplored empirically. METHOD The present study sought to address this gap by understanding the lives of five Special Olympics Pakistan athletes and their guardians through PhotoVoice. FINDINGS Through thematic analysis, we present the primary theme concerning Pakistan's cultural context that provides an empirical exploration of cultural beliefs about intellectual disability, cultural expectations and support received by people with intellectual disabilities and their guardians. DISCUSSION We discuss implications for research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Patka
- Department of Psychology, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - B A Al Rahma
- Department of Psychology, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Lardier DT, Barrios VR, Forenza B, Herr KG, Bergeson C, Suazo CM, Garcia-Reid P, Reid RJ. Contextualizing negative sense of community and disconnection among urban youth of color: "Community…We ain't got that". JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:834-848. [PMID: 31821569 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We explore the experiences of urban youth of color, as well as perceptions, of feeling disconnected and having an overall negative sense of community (SOC). Drawing on data from 11 focus groups, youth (N = 59) describe their communities and lived experiences. We document several themes put forward through the lens of SOC and community connection that highlight perceived lack of membership, needs fulfillment, influence, and overall emotional connection to their community. Unpacking youth's perceptions of their community, we suggest that-in the face of such realities-community-based organizations, such as those the youth find themselves in, aid in creating connectedness and help heal youth from the effects of social conditions experienced daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Lardier
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, College of Education, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Veronica R Barrios
- Department of Family Science and Social Work, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
| | - Brad Forenza
- Department of Social Work and Child Advocacy, Center for Child Advocacy and Policy, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey
| | - Kathryn G Herr
- Department of Educational Foundations, College of Education and Human Services, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey
| | - Carrie Bergeson
- Department of Family Science and Human Development, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey
| | - Catherine Michelle Suazo
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, College of Education, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Pauline Garcia-Reid
- Department of Family Science and Human Development, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey
| | - Robert J Reid
- Department of Family Science and Human Development, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey
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Mannarini T, Rochira A, Ciavolino E, Salvatore S. Individual and perceived community determinants of sense of community: The role of universalistic values. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:623-637. [PMID: 31730725 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Research on the determinants of the psychological sense of community (PSoC) is of particular importance to community interventions. A cross-sectional study involving 778 residents in an Italian local community explored through a mediation model the effects on PSoC of an individual cultural variable that has been scarcely investigated in PSoC research, that is, values-specifically, universalism-, and a perceived contextual variable, that is, the assessment of community services (a component of residential satisfaction). Results showed that universalism increased PSoC both directly and indirectly, having an effect also on the evaluation of community services, which, in comparison to values, showed a greater direct impact on PSoC. Limitations and implications for community interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri Mannarini
- Department of History Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessia Rochira
- Department of History Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Enrico Ciavolino
- Department of History Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Sergio Salvatore
- Department of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Gattino S, Tartaglia S, Rollero C, De Piccoli N. The Relationship between Local Identification, Urban Disorder Sensitivity, and Prejudice Toward Immigrants: The Role of Autochthony. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 64:231-240. [PMID: 31206710 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Autochthony is the belief that a place belongs to those who were born there and that they are more entitled. Autochthony and local identification can foster sensitivity to any source of disorder that threatens local stability. The aims of this study were to determine whether: (a) local identification is associated with a higher level of sensitivity to urban disorder and a higher level of prejudice toward immigrants; (b) higher city identifiers use autochthony (entitlement for first comers) as a justification for both of these attitudes. A self-report questionnaire was administered to 254 adult residents of Turin, Italy. Local identification was found related to autochthony and to urban disorder sensitivity, autochthony was positively associated with both urban disorder sensitivity and prejudice toward immigrants and it mediated the relationship between local identification and prejudice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gattino
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Rollero
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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21
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Swaminathan M. Say It Like You Mean It: Why Diversity and Inclusion Matter. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2019; 32:A19. [PMID: 31378260 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bahl NKH, Nafstad HE, Blakar RM, Landheim AS, Brodahl M. Multiple senses of community and recovery processes. A pilot study for a national evaluation of the experiences of persons with substance use problems receiving help and services from Norwegian municipalities. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:1399-1418. [PMID: 31038224 PMCID: PMC6767461 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This pilot study uses a multifaceted concept of sense of community (SOC)-multiple senses of community (MPSOC)-to understand how the multiple communities of persons with substance use problems, including those with a positive, negative and neutral SOC, influence processes of substance use recovery. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 informants from different Norwegian municipalities and regions. A collaborative research design and thematic analyses with a peer researcher were applied. RESULTS The findings confirm prior findings of key ingredients related to recovery. However, they also illustrate that for communities to promote recovery, they need to fulfil individual needs, provide distance from pretreatment status, identity and roles and harmonise with individual meaning systems of an ideal community. CONCLUSION Experiences of positive and negative community connections within geographical, relational and ideal communities take part in recovery processes. Community participation is suggested to be included in individual outpatient treatment and posttreatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kavita Heggen Bahl
- Department of Research and DevelopmentClinic of Substance Use and Addiction Medicine, St. Olavs University HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | | | | | - Anne Signe Landheim
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health DisordersInnlandet Hospital TrustBrumunddalNorway
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction ResearchUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Innlandet University of Applied Sciences, Campus ElverumElverumNorway
| | - Morten Brodahl
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health DisordersMental Health Division, Innlandet Hospital TrustBrumunddalNorway
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Gustafson EL, Atkins M, Rusch D. Community Health Workers and Social Proximity: Implementation of a Parenting Program in Urban Poverty. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 62:449-463. [PMID: 30222866 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Community health workers (CHWs) offer a potential means through which to mitigate many of the barriers to mental health services faced by minority youth and their families. The primary aim of the present study was to better understand a core feature of CHWs: their shared community membership with the population served, or social proximity. We conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with 16 CHWs implementing a school-based early intervention program in Latino and African American communities of urban poverty. The program promoted child and parent/caregiver engagement in schooling as a protective factor for children's mental health. Thematic analyses revealed three main themes defining social proximity: (a) experiences of parenthood or caring for children, (b) familiarity with and understanding of culture, and (c) experiences of life hardships and struggles. Additionally, the process of relating with parents/caregivers through shared experiences was the main theme to describe how CHWs leveraged their social proximity. CHWs' accounts illustrated how their experience of social proximity to the population served was central to how they engaged parents/caregivers in services, highlighting the importance of supporting and promoting CHWs' natural traits and lived experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika L Gustafson
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marc Atkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dana Rusch
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Lardier DT, Reid RJ, Garcia-Reid P. Validation of the Brief Sense of Community Scale among youth of color from an underserved urban community. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 46:1062-1074. [PMID: 30311964 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neighborhood sense of community (SOC) is a key construct in the community psychology literature. While the research on neighborhood SOC has progressed significantly, there is a need to further validate the Brief Sense of Community Scale (BSCS) among youth. A critical area of scholarship, therefore, is to examine the factor structure of the BSCS among a cohort of adolescents, particularly from the United States. This study tested the factor structure of the BSCS among a sample of urban youth of color (N = 383) using SPSS AMOS, a structural equation modeling software. After testing the factor structure, we examined the relationships between each of the BSCS subscales and conceptually related variables (e.g., psychological empowerment, relational power, and school importance). Results from this study confirm the first- and second-order factor structure of the BSCS among youth. BSCS and its underlying subscales were both correlated with one another and correlated with the intrapersonal component of psychological empowerment, relational power, and school importance. Our findings have critical implications for the field of community psychology and the development and use of the BSCS among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Lardier
- Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education, The University of New Mexico
| | - Robert J Reid
- Department of Family Science and Human Development, Montclair State University
| | - Pauline Garcia-Reid
- Department of Family Science and Human Development, Montclair State University
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Rochira A. What is the role of sense of community in multiracial societies? A contribution to the community-diversity dialectic: A genetic psychology approach. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 46:972-982. [PMID: 30311969 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.21985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interconnecting the construct of sense of community (SOC), elaborated by McMillan and Chavis, with the notion of social representations, elaborated by Moscovici, this article aims to contribute to advancing an understanding of the relationship between SOC and respect for diversity. Utilizing a genetic psychology approach and the intergroup contact theory, the article articulates 3 levels through which the social representation of community and SOC can be formed and transformed (i.e., microgenetic, ontogenetic, and sociogenetic) to enhance the investigation of the relationship between the 2 phenomena beyond the intraindividual and interindividual levels that tend to emphasize homophily, or preference for similarity. In particular, the article elaborates on the sociogenetic formation of SOC by examining the macro-level forces that participate in establishing what a community should be and who is entitled to be part of it. Examples from 2 previous studies are discussed.
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26
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Buckingham SL, Brodsky AE, Rochira A, Fedi A, Mannarini T, Emery L, Godsay S, Miglietta A, Gattino S. Shared Communities: A Multinational Qualitative Study of Immigrant and Receiving Community Members. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 62:23-40. [PMID: 29934988 PMCID: PMC6354777 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Community psychology is central to understanding how immigrants and more established residents of their new settings join together to develop a shared sense of community and membership. In our present study, we explored how newer (i.e., first- and second-generation immigrants) and more established community members form multiple positive psychological sense of community (PSOC) with one another. We conducted a multinational, qualitative study of PSOC through interviews with 201 first- and second-generation immigrants and third generation or more "receiving community members" in three contexts (Baltimore-Washington corridor of the U.S.; Torino, Italy; Lecce, Italy). Results indicated numerous similarities among the ways in which participants constructed PSOC in shared and nonshared communities, regardless of immigration/citizenship status, length of community residence, city, country, age, or gender. Small, proximal, and salient communities were often particularly important to building positive PSOC, which was formed around diverse membership boundaries. As intersectional beings, members converged and diverged on many characteristics, providing multiple opportunities for members to bring diversity to their communities while sharing other characteristics deemed essential to membership. Nonetheless, findings point to significant, structural challenges rooted in power and privilege that must be confronted to bridge the community-diversity dialectic and build strong, shared sense of community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Buckingham
- Department of Psychology, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Anne E Brodsky
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alessia Rochira
- Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Angela Fedi
- Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Terri Mannarini
- Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Lindsay Emery
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Surbhi Godsay
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Miglietta
- Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Gattino
- Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Aluwihare-Samaranayake D, Gellatly I, Cummings G, Ogilvie EL. A contextual work-life experiences model to understand nurse commitment and turnover. J Adv Nurs 2018; 74:2053-2063. [PMID: 29772599 DOI: 10.1111/jan.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to present a discussion and model depicting most effecting work-life experience contextual factors that influence commitment and turnover intentions for nurses in Sri Lanka. BACKGROUND Increasing demand for nurses has made the retention of experienced, qualified nursing staff a priority for healthcare organizations and highlights the need to capture contextual work-life experiences that influence nurses' turnover decisions. DESIGN Discussion paper. DATA SOURCES This discussion paper and model is based on our experiences and knowledge of Sri Lanka and represents an integration of classic turnover research and commitment theory and others published between 1958 - 2017, contextualized to reflect the reality faced by Sri Lanka nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING The model presents a high-level view of intrinsic, extrinsic, personal and professional antecedents to nurse turnover where relevance can be used by researchers, policy makers, clinicians and educators to establish focused and limited scope models and examine comprehensive contexts. CONCLUSION This model emphasizes the role that work-life experiences play to fortify (or weaken) nurses' motivation to remain committed to their organization, profession, family, and country. Understanding of contextual work-life influences on nurses' intent to stay should lead to evidence-based strategies that result in a higher number of nurses wanting to remain in the nursing profession and work in the health sector in Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Gellatly
- Strategic Management and Organization, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Greta Cummings
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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28
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Neal ZP, Neal JW. We didn't say that: Challenges in the Public Dissemination of a Research Finding with Controversial Implications. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 60:424-429. [PMID: 28921584 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the March 2014 issue of American Journal of Community Psychology, we published an article that examined the tension between two core values in the field of community psychology: promoting contextual conditions that foster respect for diversity and promoting contextual conditions that foster sense of community. We concluded that processes of social network formation could help explain why diversity and sense of community are seemingly incompatible goals. The study's findings initially disseminated through the usual academic channels, and later through mainstream media outlets. However, they also eventually appeared on blogs and discussion forums devoted to white nationalism. The findings were viewed there as having demonstrated the evils of diversity, and thus having vindicated the white nationalist agenda. As a result, we were forced to consider whether and how to set the record straight. In this first-person narrative, we describe our study's journey from AJCP to white nationalist blogs, discussing how we ultimately responded to the situation, and concluding with some lessons learned.
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29
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Stivala A. Diversity and Community: The Role of Agent-Based Modeling. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 59:261-264. [PMID: 28294338 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Community psychology involves several dialectics between potentially opposing ideals, such as theory and practice, rights and needs, and respect for human diversity and sense of community. Some recent papers in the American Journal of Community Psychology have examined the diversity-community dialectic, some with the aid of agent-based modeling and concepts from network science. This paper further elucidates these concepts and suggests that research in community psychology can benefit from a useful dialectic between agent-based modeling and the real-world concerns of community psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Stivala
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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30
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Brodsky AE. Bridging the Dialectic: Diversity, Psychological Sense of Community, and Inclusion. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 59:269-271. [PMID: 28338209 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although, there are many times when P/SOC and diversity appear in opposition, I argue that this conflict is not inherent to the concepts or their joint value, but to social contexts in which they are enacted in real life. The primary values of community psychology-building and supporting positive communities, social change, and social justice within a framework that recognizes the centrality of diversity, culture, inclusion, power, and privilege-actually bind diversity and community together. Thus, we can bridge this seeming dialectic through deeper reflection about the real and intended meaning, operationalization, and application of these two terms, and a reliance on the central values of our field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Brodsky
- Department of Psychology, 1000 Hilltop Circle, UMBC, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Neal ZP. Taking Stock of the Diversity and Sense of Community Debate. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 59:255-260. [PMID: 28338228 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past couple of years, a debate has played out in the pages of the American Journal of Community Psychology concerning the relationship between two of Community Psychology's core values: promoting diversity and promoting a sense of community. This special section is to continue a discussion about diversity and community, both among the debate's initial contributors (Alex Stivala, Greg Townley, and Zachary Neal), as well as among others whose own work has touched on these issues (Anne Brodsky, Richard Florida, Jean Hill, and Roderick Watts). In this essay, I address some broad questions that have emerged through this discussion. First, because much has been written on the relationship between diversity and community, both in community psychology and in other disciplines, what do we know, or at least think we know? Second, since the constructs of diversity and sense of community are complex and multi-faceted, how can definitions get in the way and how can we avoid talking past one another in this discussion? Finally, looking across the original papers that initiated this discussion, as well as the contributions in this special section, what path(s) forward do we have?
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P Neal
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Watts RJ. Utopian Vision: A Grand Solution for a Scholarly Dilemma. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 59:280-283. [PMID: 28397266 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reconciling the Zen-like paradox on the back of every red penny-"out of many, one"-is not for the faint of heart. It is a diversity motto, and a lofty desire that the United States claims to covet. But can its citizens, undocumented or otherwise, even agree on what it is? Is not the desire to maintain a strong sense of community in conflict with a Noah's Ark conception of diversity? Using my personal experience in an intentional community determined to foster racial integration, I explore the complicated possibility of having it both ways. To do so, however, we must construct a notion of community, diversity, and The Good Life that will make us believe and work for this synthesis. Our reactions to the word "utopia" offer a glimpse of the challenges ahead.
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Abstract
There is a long literature extolling the virtues of diversity for both the civility and economic performance of nations and cities. On the most basic level, diversity helps nations and cities attract the wide range of creative talent that drives innovation and economic growth. Yet similarly, there is a large amount of literature on the sorting and segregation of different types of people into distinct communities. This in turn undermines the very mixing of people and groups required for economic prosperity to flourish. This essay looks at the conundrum between diversity and segregation. It argues that both are increasingly salient, interdependent, and interconnected features of large, advanced cities or metropolitan areas. This diversity-segregation conundrum is increasingly a core feature of our social and economic landscape. It reviews several recent studies that highlight this problem, as well as some of my own very recent empirical findings on the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Florida
- Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Gokani R, Walsh RTG. On the Historical and Conceptual Foundations of a Community Psychology of Social Transformation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 59:284-294. [PMID: 28471513 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We examine historical and conceptual literature in community psychology in order to understand the field's potential to be the socially transformative subdiscipline of psychology to which it aspires. By reviewing papers from two prominent journals and other literature, we conclude that the claim that community psychology is well-suited to social transformation, because it is a product of Sixties' radicalism and is theoretically equipped, is untenable. Systematic accounts of the subdiscipline's origins suggest that the transformative aspirations of current community psychologists do not correspond to the subdiscipline's reformist past. Furthermore, in analyzing three related concepts currently employed in the field-social justice, power, and praxis-we show that each suffers from conceptual ambiguity and a restricted political scope. These conceptual flaws, coupled with community psychology's historical inclination toward social reform, inhibit the possibility of contributing to radical social transformation. We conclude that neither questionable historical claims nor ambiguous and politically dubious concepts support a community psychology of social transformation. We offer solutions for the historical and conceptual problems we identify and, as a broader solution to the problem of engaging in socially transformative work, propose that community psychologists should seek direct political engagement in solidarity with other citizens as fellow citizens not as psychologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Gokani
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Kitchener, ON, Canada
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Townley G. Interdependent Diversities: Reflections on the Community-Diversity Dialectic. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 59:265-268. [PMID: 28295399 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This commentary reflects on the Community-Diversity Dialectic, summarizing its development and reviewing its impact on community psychology research and practice. Two contemporary examples are presented to illustrate both the possibilities of and challenges to bridging the gap between sense of community and diversity: the rise of the so-called "alt-right" on the one hand, and the popularity of Pokémon Go on the other. The article concludes with a brief discussion of Kurt Lewin's contributions to group dynamics theory, recommending that an emphasis on our interdependent fates and goals is paramount to reconciling the tensions between sense of community and diversity that persist in an increasingly complex multicultural world.
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Hill JL. Where is the Dialectic in the Community-Diversity Dialectic? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 59:276-279. [PMID: 28349573 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Agent-based modeling has provided some interesting investigations of the hypothesis that there is a dialectical relationship between sense of community and diversity. A close look at those models strongly suggests that only models in which the attributes of agents are fixed completely support that hypothesis. Models which acknowledge that diversity is contextually defined, and thus changeable, suggest that there is no inherent dialectical relationship between the two values. Rather, it is the context of the setting, the way in which the setting is socially constructed, that determines whether a strong sense of community can exist in highly diverse settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean L Hill
- Psychology, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, NM, USA
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Mannarini T, Talò C, Rochira A. How Diverse Is This Community? Sense of Community, Ethnic Prejudice and Perceived Ethnic Heterogeneity. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Brodsky AE. Taking a Stand: The Next 50 Years of Community Psychology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 58:284-293. [PMID: 27216173 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of community psychology, the author looks backwards in community psychology literature and to each side in other allied disciplines to suggest three fundamental issues that are in need of critical reflection and re-evaluation as we move toward the next 50 plus years of our field. These fundamental issues are: Defining community psychology, Doing community psychology, and Perfecting community psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Brodsky
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Wallin-Ruschman J, Patka M. Learning from critical collective spaces: Reflections on the community-diversity dialectic in safe spaces. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.5964/jspp.v4i1.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Safe spaces have the potential to become prefigurative groups that aim to create social change. The idea of a safe space as a place separate and sheltered from dominant culture to mobilize for social change has gained traction in a number of academic and practical areas. However, safe spaces have the ability to be both progressive and regressive. To guide our discussion we utilize the concept of community-diversity dialectic to address the tension between these forces within two settings. First we discuss research in an upper level college course rooted in feminist praxis. Then we discuss a faith community’s use of adaptive liturgy with parishioners with intellectual disabilities. Following this discussion, we offer a new term, “critical collective spaces”, to better capture the work done in these spaces. We offer this alternative label to move popular and academic discourse away from debating about how “safe” these spaces are (or are not) and toward a more nuanced discussion of the community-diversity dialectic and other tensions within these spaces. Our overall intention is to generate dialogue on the regressive and progressive aspects of these locations and to inform the activism and community building process within prefigurative politics more broadly.
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Stivala A, Robins G, Kashima Y, Kirley M. Diversity and Community Can Coexist. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 57:243-254. [PMID: 27217326 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We examine the (in)compatibility of diversity and sense of community by means of agent-based models based on the well-known Schelling model of residential segregation and Axelrod model of cultural dissemination. We find that diversity and highly clustered social networks, on the assumptions of social tie formation based on spatial proximity and homophily, are incompatible when agent features are immutable, and this holds even for multiple independent features. We include both mutable and immutable features into a model that integrates Schelling and Axelrod models, and we find that even for multiple independent features, diversity and highly clustered social networks can be incompatible on the assumptions of social tie formation based on spatial proximity and homophily. However, this incompatibility breaks down when cultural diversity can be sufficiently large, at which point diversity and clustering need not be negatively correlated. This implies that segregation based on immutable characteristics such as race can possibly be overcome by sufficient similarity on mutable characteristics based on culture, which are subject to a process of social influence, provided a sufficiently large "scope of cultural possibilities" exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Stivala
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Garry Robins
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yoshihisa Kashima
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Kirley
- Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Neal Z. Making big communities small: using network science to understand the ecological and behavioral requirements for community social capital. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 55:369-80. [PMID: 25851733 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-015-9720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The concept of social capital is becoming increasingly common in community psychology and elsewhere. However, the multiple conceptual and operational definitions of social capital challenge its utility as a theoretical tool. The goals of this paper are to clarify two forms of social capital (bridging and bonding), explicitly link them to the structural characteristics of small world networks, and explore the behavioral and ecological prerequisites of its formation. First, I use the tools of network science and specifically the concept of small-world networks to clarify what patterns of social relationships are likely to facilitate social capital formation. Second, I use an agent-based model to explore how different ecological characteristics (diversity and segregation) and behavioral tendencies (homophily and proximity) impact communities' potential for developing social capital. The results suggest diverse communities have the greatest potential to develop community social capital, and that segregation moderates the effects that the behavioral tendencies of homophily and proximity have on community social capital. The discussion highlights how these findings provide community-based researchers with both a deeper understanding of the contextual constraints with which they must contend, and a useful tool for targeting their efforts in communities with the greatest need or greatest potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Neal
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Rd. Rm. 134B, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA,
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mental health consumer-run organizations (CROs) are a low-cost, evidence-based strategy for promoting recovery. To increase CRO utilization, characteristics that promote engagement need to be identified and encouraged. The study examined individual and organizational characteristics that predict three types of engagement in CROs-attendance, leadership involvement, and socially supportive involvement. METHODS Surveys were administered to 250 CRO members attending 20 CROs. Leaders of each CRO reported organizational characteristics through a separate questionnaire. Multilevel regression models examined relationships between predictors and indicators of CRO engagement. RESULTS Perceived sense of community was the only characteristic that predicted attendance, leadership involvement, and socially supportive involvement (p<.001). Perceived organizational empowerment, shared leadership, peer counseling, and several demographic characteristics also predicted some measures of engagement. CONCLUSIONS CROs that can effectively promote sense of community, organizational empowerment, shared leadership, and peer counseling may be better able to engage participants. The discussion considers several strategies to enhance these characteristics, such as collectively establishing values and practicing shared decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Davis Brown
- Dr. Brown is with the Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, El Paso Regional Campus, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, El Paso, Texas (e-mail: ). Dr. Townley is with the Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
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Thomas E, Pate S, Ranson A. The Crosstown initiative: art, community, and placemaking in Memphis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 55:74-88. [PMID: 25420585 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-014-9691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This case study examines an arts organization at the center of an urban neighborhood revitalization effort and its contributions to creative placemaking and inclusive community building. The study documents innovative arts practices and explores their meaning for a local context, an understudied city in the Mid-South region of the United States. It builds on the research team's ongoing work as teachers, students, and scholars in partnership with the arts organization. It includes systematic participant observation, interviews with stakeholders, and a review of historical and contemporary media coverage. We found that the organization and its practices provided a rich context for exploring an expanded sense of community including bridging social capital and place-based frameworks. Analysis suggests that the organization's intentional arts based practices bring multiple understandings of community and art into meaningful dialogue through the generation of creative and social friction. These practices illustrate one context-specific strategy addressing the tensions in a community-diversity dialectic (Townley et al. in Am J Commun Psychol 47:69-85, 2011).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Rhodes College, 2000 N. Parkway, Memphis, TN, 38112, USA,
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Tebes JK, Thai ND, Matlin SL. Twenty-first century science as a relational process: from eureka! to team science and a place for community psychology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 53:475-90. [PMID: 24496718 PMCID: PMC4076783 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-014-9625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we maintain that twenty-first century science is, fundamentally, a relational process in which knowledge is produced (or co-produced) through transactions among researchers or among researchers and public stakeholders. We offer an expanded perspective on the practice of twenty-first century science, the production of scientific knowledge, and what community psychology can contribute to these developments. We argue that: (1) trends in science show that research is increasingly being conducted in teams; (2) scientific teams, such as transdisciplinary teams of researchers or of researchers collaborating with various public stakeholders, are better able to address complex challenges; (3) transdisciplinary scientific teams are part of the larger, twenty-first century transformation in science; (4) the concept of heterarchy is a heuristic for team science aligned with this transformation; (5) a contemporary philosophy of science known as perspectivism provides an essential foundation to advance twenty-first century science; and (6) community psychology, through its core principles and practice competencies, offers theoretical and practical expertise for advancing team science and the transformation in science currently underway. We discuss the implications of these points and illustrate them briefly with two examples of transdisciplinary team science from our own work. We conclude that a new narrative is emerging for science in the twenty-first century that draws on interpersonal transactions in teams, and active engagement by researchers with the public to address critical accountabilities. Because of its core organizing principles and unique blend of expertise on the intersection of research and practice, community psychologists are well-prepared to help advance these developments, and thus have much to offer twenty-first century science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Kraemer Tebes
- Yale Division of Prevention and Community Research and The Consultation Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 389 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511-2369, USA,
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Chigeza S, Roos V, Puren K. “…Here We Help Each Other”: Sense of Community of People Subjected to Forced Removals. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2013.10820599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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46
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Neal ZP, Neal JW. The (in)compatibility of diversity and sense of community. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 53:1-12. [PMID: 24198048 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-013-9608-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Community psychologists are interested in creating contexts that promote both respect for diversity and sense of community. However, recent theoretical and empirical work has uncovered a community-diversity dialectic wherein the contextual conditions that foster respect for diversity often run in opposition to those that foster sense of community. More specifically, within neighborhoods, residential integration provides opportunities for intergroup contact that are necessary to promote respect for diversity but may prevent the formation of dense interpersonal networks that are necessary to promote sense of community. Using agent-based modeling to simulate neighborhoods and neighborhood social network formation, we explore whether the community-diversity dialectic emerges from two principles of relationship formation: homophily and proximity. The model suggests that when people form relationships with similar and nearby others, the contexts that offer opportunities to develop a respect for diversity are different from the contexts that foster a sense of community. Based on these results, we conclude with a discussion of whether it is possible to create neighborhoods that simultaneously foster respect for diversity and sense of community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P Neal
- Department of Sociology, Michigan State University, 509 E. Circle Drive, Room 316, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA,
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O'Connor B. FROM ISOLATION TO COMMUNITY: EXPLORATORY STUDY OF A SENSE-OF-COMMUNITY INTERVENTION. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 41:973-991. [PMID: 31007302 PMCID: PMC6474243 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.21587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This exploratory pilot study analyzes the role a facilitated neighborhood intervention, geared towards meeting one's neighbors and discussing local needs and civic action, can play in moving individuals from isolation to community. It focuses on whether NeighborCircles, a neighborhood intervention run by a non-profit in Massachusetts, is associated with increases in social capital (SC); the main constructs used are Perkins and Long's (2002) four dimensions of SC (sense of community (SOC), collective efficacy, neighboring and participation), with a primary focus on SOC. Surveys and interviews with a majority Latino sample group reveal NeighborCircles is associated with increases in all four dimensions of SC. The author concludes by considering what may have led to these reported increases, as well as implications for both future research about and experimentation with similar interventions.
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Zaff JF, Kawashima-Ginsberg K, Lin ES. Advances in civic engagement research: issues of civic measures and civic context. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2013; 41:273-308. [PMID: 23259196 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386492-5.00011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Civic engagement has gained prominence over the past two decades as an important topic in developmental science. Much has been learned about what civic engagement means, how it is measured, and how young people develop civic engagement. In this chapter, we discuss emerging areas of research for civic engagement and core questions that we believe need to be explored. In particular, we focus on a broader conceptualization of civic engagement beyond behavioral measures, consider the relevance of cultural and political contexts on the development of civic engagement among under-served populations, and discuss the implications of advancing the civic engagement field on the civic participation of youth in the United States and throughout the world.
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Kono A, Tadaka E, Kanaya Y, Dai Y, Itoi W, Imamatsu Y. Development of a community commitment scale with cross-sectional survey validation for preventing social isolation in older Japanese people. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:903. [PMID: 23095335 PMCID: PMC3533914 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elderly social isolation could be prevented by facilitating communication or mutual helping at the neighborhood level. The helping of elderly neighbors by local volunteers may relate to their community commitment (CC), but ways to measure CC have not been identified. The aim of the present study was to develop a Community Commitment Scale (CCS) to measure psychological sense of belonging and socializing in the community among local volunteers, for research in prevention of elderly social isolation. We also tested the CCS in a general population of the elderly. Methods A pilot test of 266 Japanese urban residents was conducted to examine face validity for 24 identified items, of which 12 items were selected for the CCS, based on a 4-point Likert-type scale. The CCS was developed via self-report questionnaires to 859 local volunteers in two suburban cities and to 3484 randomly sampled general residents aged 55 years or older living in one of the cities. To assess concurrent validity, data were collected using the Brief Sense of Community Scale (Peterson; 2008) and two types of single questions on self-efficacy for helping elderly neighbors. Results Item analysis and factor analysis identified 8 items, which were classified between two datasets under the domains of “belonging” and “socializing” in the local volunteers and the general residents. Cronbach’s alpha (which conveyed the internal consistency of the CCS) was 0.75 in local volunteers and 0.78 in general residents. The correlation coefficients between the scores of the CCS and BSCS were 0.54 for local volunteers and 0.62 for general residents. ANOVA comparing the CCS between the confidence levels of the two types of single question of self-efficacy on helping elderly neighbors showed a strong relationship in the volunteers and residents. Conclusions These results demonstrate acceptable internal consistency and concurrent validity for the CCS, with the two dimensions “belonging” and “socializing”, among the local volunteers and general residents in urban Japanese areas. Community commitment measured by the CCS was related to the degree of confidence for self-efficacy in helping elderly neighbors to prevent elderly social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Kono
- School of Nursing, Osaka City University, 1-5-17 Asahi, Abeno, Osaka, 545-0051, Japan.
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O'Donnell CR, Tharp RG. Integrating cultural community psychology: activity settings and the shared meanings of intersubjectivity. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 49:22-30. [PMID: 21404068 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-011-9434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cultural and community psychology share a common emphasis on context, yet their leading journals rarely cite each other's articles. Greater integration of the concepts of culture and community within and across their disciplines would enrich and facilitate the viability of cultural community psychology. The contextual theory of activity settings is proposed as one means to integrate the concepts of culture and community in cultural community psychology. Through shared activities, participants develop common experiences that affect their psychological being, including their cognitions, emotions, and behavioral development. The psychological result of these experiences is intersubjectivity. Culture is defined as the shared meanings that people develop through their common historic, linguistic, social, economic, and political experiences. The shared meanings of culture arise through the intersubjectivity developed in activity settings. Cultural community psychology presents formidable epistemological challenges, but overcoming these challenges could contribute to the transformation and advancement of community psychology.
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