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Vörösházi J, Mackei M, Sebők C, Tráj P, Márton RA, Horváth DG, Huber K, Neogrády Z, Mátis G. Investigation of the effects of T-2 toxin in chicken-derived three-dimensional hepatic cell cultures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1195. [PMID: 38216675 PMCID: PMC10786837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51689-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite being one of the most common contaminants of poultry feed, the molecular effects of T-2 toxin on the liver of the exposed animals are still not fully elucidated. To gain more accurate understanding, the effects of T-2 toxin were investigated in the present study in chicken-derived three-dimensional (3D) primary hepatic cell cultures. 3D spheroids were treated with three concentrations (100, 500, 1000 nM) of T-2 toxin for 24 h. Cellular metabolic activity declined in all treated groups as reflected by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, while extracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity was increased after 500 nM T-2 toxin exposure. The levels of oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl were reduced by the toxin, suggesting effective antioxidant compensatory mechanisms of the liver. Concerning the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 concentration was decreased, while IL-8 concentration was increased by 100 nM T-2 toxin exposure, indicating the multifaceted immunomodulatory action of the toxin. Further, the metabolic profile of hepatic spheroids was also modulated, confirming the altered lipid and amino acid metabolism of toxin-exposed liver cells. Based on these results, T-2 toxin affected cell viability, hepatocellular metabolism and inflammatory response, likely carried out its toxic effects by affecting the oxidative homeostasis of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Vörösházi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary.
| | - Máté Mackei
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Csilla Sebők
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Patrik Tráj
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Rege Anna Márton
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Dávid Géza Horváth
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Korinna Huber
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Neogrády
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mátis
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
- National Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
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Wang H, Guo S, Wang B, Liu X, Gao L, Chen C, Wu Y. Carnosine attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting GPX4-mediated ferroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110850. [PMID: 37633236 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence and our preliminary work have revealed the significant role of ferroptosis in acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by ischemia/reperfusion (IR). Carnosine (Car), a dipeptide consisting of β-alanine and L-histidine, has been shown to ameliorate HG-induced tubular epithelial cells inflammation. Whether Car exerts protective effects on AKI, and its molecular mechanism have not been clarified. Our in vivo and in vitro IR-AKI mouse models demonstrated that Car alleviates kidney injury, inflammation and ferroptosis. In hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) induced human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK2), Car treatment reduced lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation, suppressed oxidative stress, and inhibited ferroptosis. Through cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and molecular docking, we identified GPX4 as a potential target that binds with Car. Further study showed that overexpressed GPX4 had a comparable protective effect on HK2 cells under HR conditions, similar to Car. Additionally, our findings demonstrated that Car exhibited similar anti-ferroptosis effects in both folic acid (FA)-induced AKI mouse models and Erastin induced HK2 cells. In conclusion, our results highlight that Car alleviate renal IR injury by inhibiting GPX4-mediated ferroptosis. Car shows promise as a potential therapeutic drug for IR-AKI and other diseases associated with ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Wang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Bingdian Wang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China; School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Xueqi Liu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Chaoyi Chen
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Yonggui Wu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China; Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China.
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Sivasangari K, Sivamaruthi BS, Chaiyasut C, Rajan KE. Maternal stress-induced changes in adolescent and adult offspring: Neurobehavioural improvement and telomere maintenance. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20385. [PMID: 37767490 PMCID: PMC10520813 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal stress (MS) during gestation is known to increase the risk for the development of behavioural and physiological disorders and advances cellular aging. In this study, we investigated whether the supplementation of standardized Bacopa monnieri extract (CDRI-08/BME) or l-Carnosine (L-C) to the mother exposed to social stress during gestation modify the effect on their offspring's neurobehaviour, antioxidant defence gene expression, telomere length, and telomere biology. To test this, timed pregnant rats were subjected to social stress during the gestational day (GD) 16-18. A subset of stressed pregnant rats received either BME [80 mg/kg in 0.5% gum acacia (per-orally; p.o)] or L-C [1 mg/kg (p.o)] every day from GD-10 to until their pup's attained postnatal day (PND)-23. We observed that MS induced anxiety-like behaviour, altered inter-limb coordination, antioxidant defence genes [Superoxide dismutase (SOD1,2), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPX3)], telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), shelterin complex subunits (TRF1, RAP1B, POT1) protein level and shorten telomere length. Notably, supplementation of BME/L-C dampens the MS, thus the effect on neurobehaviour, antioxidant defence gene expression, and telomere biology is minimized in their offspring. Together, our results suggest that supplementation of BME/L-C during gestation dampens the MS and reduced oxidative stress-mediated changes in telomere shortening/biology and associated neurobehaviour in offspring born following MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunanithi Sivasangari
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Koilmani Emmanuvel Rajan
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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Pulmonary inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in a mouse model of cholestasis: the potential protective properties of the dipeptide carnosine. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1129-1142. [PMID: 36651945 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cholestasis is a clinical complication that primarily influences the liver. However, it is well known that many other organs could be affected by cholestasis. Lung tissue is a major organ influenced during cholestasis. Cholestasis-induced lung injury could induce severe complications such as respiratory distress, serious pulmonary infections, and tissue fibrosis. Unfortunately, there is no specific pharmacological intervention against this complication. Several studies revealed that oxidative stress and inflammatory response play a role in cholestasis-induced lung injury. Carnosine (CARN) is a dipeptide found at high concentrations in different tissues of humans. CARN's antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties are repeatedly mentioned in various experimental models. This study aimed to assess the role of CARN on cholestasis-induced lung injury. Rats underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) to induce cholestasis. Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of inflammatory cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and immunoglobulin were monitored at scheduled intervals (7, 14, and 28 days after BDL). Moreover, lung tissue histopathological alterations and biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated. A significant increase in BALF inflammatory cells, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and immunoglobulin-G (IgG) was detected in the BALF of BDL rats. Moreover, lung tissue histopathological changes, collagen deposition, increased TGF-β, and elevated levels of oxidative stress biomarkers were evident in cholestatic animals. It was found that CARN (100 and 500 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly alleviated lung oxidative stress biomarkers, inflammatory response, tissue fibrosis, and histopathological alterations. These data indicate the potential protective properties of CARN in the management of cholestasis-induced pulmonary damage. The effects of CARN on inflammatory response and oxidative stress biomarkers seems to play a crucial role in its protective properties in the lung of cholestatic animals.
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Ali-Sisto T, Tolmunen T, Kraav SL, Mäntyselkä P, Valkonen-Korhonen M, Honkalampi K, Ruusunen A, Velagapudi V, Lehto SM. Serum levels of carnosine may be associated with the duration of MDD episodes. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:647-655. [PMID: 36208690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a recurrent disorder that incurs a high societal burden. However, the etiology of MDD remains unclear. The functioning of several systems associated with the etiopathogenesis of MDD, such as inflammatory and stress systems, is partially modulated by the dipeptide carnosine. METHODS The study comprised 99 MDD patients and 253 non-depressed controls aged 20-71 years. Fasting serum samples were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to determine the serum levels of carnosine and its constituent, histidine. We compared these metabolites in three different settings: 1) MDD patients vs. non-depressed controls and 2) remitted vs. non-remitted MDD patients, as well as 3) changes in the metabolite levels during the follow-up period within a) the remitted group and b) the non-remitted group. In addition, we assessed the possible effect of medications on the measured metabolites. RESULTS We observed higher serum levels of carnosine in the MDD group compared to the control group at baseline (OR = 1.895, 95%CI = 1.223-2.937, p = 0.004). Elevated serum levels of carnosine were also associated with a longer duration of the depressive episode (Z = 0.406, p = 0.001). However, the use of any antipsychotic medication (n = 36) was associated with lowered carnosine levels (p = 0.010 for use vs. non-use). At the follow-up, remitted and non-remitted participants displayed no significant differences in their carnosine levels (Z = -0.14, p = 0.891) or histidine (Z = -1.39 p = 0.164). CONCLUSIONS An increase in circulating carnosine may characterize depressive episodes and may represent a protective homeostatic reaction against MDD-related oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Ali-Sisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tommi Tolmunen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, KYS, P.O. Box 100, 70029, Finland
| | - Siiri-Liisi Kraav
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Social Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Mäntyselkä
- Primary Health Care Unit, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Valkonen-Korhonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, KYS, P.O. Box 100, 70029, Finland
| | - Kirsi Honkalampi
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Anu Ruusunen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, KYS, P.O. Box 100, 70029, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Deakin University, iMPACT Institute, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 281, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014, Finland
| | - Soili M Lehto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; R&D department, Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Liang X, Qian R, Wang D, Liu L, Sun C, Lin X. Lipid-Derived Aldehydes: New Key Mediators of Plant Growth and Stress Responses. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111590. [PMID: 36358291 PMCID: PMC9687549 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes, derivatives of lipids, are ubiquitously produced through non-enzymatic and enzymatic pathways in higher plants and participate in many physiological and biological processes. Increasing evidence demonstrates that aldehydes are involved in plants response to many abiotic stresses, such as light, drought, heat and nutrient deficiency. In plant cells, endogenously triggered or exogenously applied high concentrations of aldehydes can damage proteins and nucleic acid, disturb redox homeostasis, and consequently inhibit plant growth; therefore, they are considered cytotoxins. Aldehyde levels are also used as biomarkers to evaluate the health status of plants. Further genetic research shows that several enzymes have strong capacities to detoxify these electrophilic aldehydes. Small molecules, such as carnosine and glutathione, also exhibit the ability to scavenge aldehydes, effectively promoting plant growth. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that certain aldehydes at certain concentrations can upregulate survival genes, activate antioxidant responses, increase defense against pathogens and stimulate plant growth. This review summarizes recent studies of lipid-derived aldehydes in higher plants, mainly focusing on the generation pathway, toxic effects, and detoxification strategies. In addition, the signaling effects of aldehydes in plants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruyi Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Iterdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence:
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Owoyele BV, Bakare AO, Olaseinde OF, Ochu MJ, Yusuff AM, Ekebafe F, Fogabi OL, Roi T. Synergistic interaction between acetaminophen and L-carnosine improved neuropathic pain via NF-κB pathway and antioxidant properties in chronic constriction injury model. Korean J Pain 2022; 35:271-279. [PMID: 35768982 PMCID: PMC9251391 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2022.35.3.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is known to underlie the pathogenesis in neuropathic pain. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective mechanisms involved in antinociceptive effects of co-administration of acetaminophen and L-carnosine in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced peripheral neuropathy in male Wistar rats. Methods Fifty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven experimental groups (n = 8) treated with normal saline/acetaminophen/acetaminophen + L-carnosine. CCI was used to induce neuropathic pain in rats. Hyperalgesia and allodynia were assessed using hotplate and von Frey tests, respectively. Investigation of spinal proinflammatory cytokines and antioxidant system were carried out after twenty-one days of treatment. Results The results showed that the co-administration of acetaminophen and L-carnosine significantly (P < 0.001) increased the paw withdrawal threshold to thermal and mechanical stimuli in ligated rats compared to the ligated naïve group. There was a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the levels of nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer B cell inhibitor, calcium ion, interleukin-1-beta, and tumour necrotic factor-alpha in the spinal cord of the group coadministered with acetaminophen and L-carnosine compared to the ligated control group. Co-administration with acetaminophen and L-carnosine increased the antioxidant enzymatic activities and reduced the lipid peroxidation in the spinal cord. Conclusions Co-administration of acetaminophen and L-carnosine has anti-inflammatory effects as a mechanism that mediate its antinociceptive effects in CCI-induced peripheral neuropathy in Wistar rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamidele Victor Owoyele
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed Olalekan Bakare
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olutayo Folajimi Olaseinde
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Jelil Ochu
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Akorede Munirdeen Yusuff
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Favour Ekebafe
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwadamilare Lanre Fogabi
- Neuroscience and Inflammation Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Treister Roi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Creighton JV, de Souza Gonçalves L, Artioli GG, Tan D, Elliott-Sale KJ, Turner MD, Doig CL, Sale C. Physiological Roles of Carnosine in Myocardial Function and Health. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1914-1929. [PMID: 35689661 PMCID: PMC9526863 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosine is a pleiotropic histidine-containing dipeptide synthesized from β-alanine and l-histidine, with the intact dipeptide and constituent amino acids being available from the diet. The therapeutic application of carnosine in myocardial tissue is promising, with carnosine playing a potentially beneficial role in both healthy and diseased myocardial models. This narrative review discusses the role of carnosine in myocardial function and health, including an overview of the metabolic pathway of carnosine in the myocardial tissue, the roles carnosine may play in the myocardium, and a critical analysis of the literature, focusing on the effect of exogenous carnosine and its precursors on myocardial function. By so doing, we aim to identify current gaps in the literature, thereby identifying considerations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade V Creighton
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Guilherme G Artioli
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Di Tan
- Natural Alternatives International, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Kirsty J Elliott-Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health, and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, United Kingdom,Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D Turner
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases, and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Craig L Doig
- Centre for Diabetes, Chronic Diseases, and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Wang-Eckhardt L, Becker I, Wang Y, Yuan J, Eckhardt M. Absence of endogenous carnosine synthesis does not increase protein carbonylation and advanced lipoxidation end products in brain, kidney or muscle. Amino Acids 2022; 54:1013-1023. [PMID: 35294673 PMCID: PMC9217836 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Carnosine and other histidine-containing dipeptides are expected to be important anti-oxidants in vertebrates based on various in vitro and in vivo studies with exogenously administered carnosine or its precursor β-alanine. To examine a possible anti-oxidant role of endogenous carnosine, mice lacking carnosine synthase (Carns1−/−) had been generated and were examined further in the present study. Protein carbonylation increased significantly between old (18 months) and aged (24 months) mice in brain and kidney but this was independent of the Carns1 genotype. Lipoxidation end products were not increased in 18-month-old Carns1−/− mice compared to controls. We also found no evidence for compensatory increase of anti-oxidant enzymes in Carns1−/− mice. To explore the effect of carnosine deficiency in a mouse model known to suffer from increased oxidative stress, Carns1 also was deleted in the type II diabetes model Leprdb/db mouse. In line with previous studies, malondialdehyde adducts were elevated in Leprdb/db mouse kidney, but there was no further increase by additional deficiency in Carns1. Furthermore, Leprdb/db mice lacking Carns1 were indistinguishable from conventional Leprdb/db mice with respect to fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. Taken together, Carns1 deficiency appears not to reinforce oxidative stress in old mice and there was no evidence for a compensatory upregulation of anti-oxidant enzymes. We conclude that the significance of the anti-oxidant activity of endogenously synthesized HCDs is limited in mice, suggesting that other functions of HCDs play a more important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang-Eckhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ivonne Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Shandong Xinchuang Biotechnology Co., LTD, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Matthias Eckhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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10
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Qian Z, Wu C, Pan W, Xiong X, Xia L, Li W. Arsenic Transformation in Soil-Rice System Affected by Iron-Oxidizing Strain ( Ochrobactrum sp.) and Related Soil Metabolomics Analysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:794950. [PMID: 35256871 PMCID: PMC8897285 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.794950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) could oxidize Fe(II) and mediate biomineralization, which provides the possibility for its potential application in arsenic (As) remediation. In the present study, a strain named Ochrobactrum EEELCW01 isolated previously, was inoculated into paddy soils to investigate the effect of FeOB inoculation on the As migration and transformation in paddy soils. The results showed that inoculation of Ochrobactrum sp. increased the proportion of As in iron-aluminum oxide binding fraction, which reduced the As bioavailability in paddy soils and effectively reduced the As accumulation in rice tissues. Moreover, the inoculation of iron oxidizing bacteria increased the abundance of KD4-96, Pedosphaeraceae and other bacteria in the soils, which could reduce the As toxicity in the soil through biotransformation. The abundance of metabolites such as carnosine, MG (0:0/14:0/0:0) and pantetheine 4'-phosphate increased in rhizosphere soils inoculated with FeOB, which indicated that the defense ability of soil-microorganism-plant system against peroxidation caused by As was enhanced. This study proved that FeOB have the potential application in remediation of As pollution in paddy soil, FeOB promotes the formation of iron oxide in paddy soil, and then adsorbed and coprecipitated with arsenic. On the other hand, the inoculation of Ochrobactrum sp. change soil microbial community structure and soil metabolism, increase the abundance of FeOB in soil, promote the biotransformation process of As in soil, and enhance the resistance of soil to peroxide pollution (As pollution).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Qian
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuan Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weisong Pan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoran Xiong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Libing Xia
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Waichin Li
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, China
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11
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Jukić I, Kolobarić N, Stupin A, Matić A, Kozina N, Mihaljević Z, Mihalj M, Šušnjara P, Stupin M, Ćurić ŽB, Selthofer-Relatić K, Kibel A, Lukinac A, Kolar L, Kralik G, Kralik Z, Széchenyi A, Jozanović M, Galović O, Medvidović-Kosanović M, Drenjančević I. Carnosine, Small but Mighty-Prospect of Use as Functional Ingredient for Functional Food Formulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1037. [PMID: 34203479 PMCID: PMC8300828 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine is a dipeptide synthesized in the body from β-alanine and L-histidine. It is found in high concentrations in the brain, muscle, and gastrointestinal tissues of humans and is present in all vertebrates. Carnosine has a number of beneficial antioxidant properties. For example, carnosine scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as alpha-beta unsaturated aldehydes created by peroxidation of fatty acid cell membranes during oxidative stress. Carnosine can oppose glycation, and it can chelate divalent metal ions. Carnosine alleviates diabetic nephropathy by protecting podocyte and mesangial cells, and can slow down aging. Its component, the amino acid beta-alanine, is particularly interesting as a dietary supplement for athletes because it increases muscle carnosine, and improves effectiveness of exercise and stimulation and contraction in muscles. Carnosine is widely used among athletes in the form of supplements, but rarely in the population of cardiovascular or diabetic patients. Much less is known, if any, about its potential use in enriched food. In the present review, we aimed to provide recent knowledge on carnosine properties and distribution, its metabolism (synthesis and degradation), and analytical methods for carnosine determination, since one of the difficulties is the measurement of carnosine concentration in human samples. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms of carnosine's biological effects in musculature, metabolism and on immunomodulation are discussed. Finally, this review provides a section on carnosine supplementation in the form of functional food and potential health benefits and up to the present, neglected clinical use of carnosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jukić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
| | - Nikolina Kolobarić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
| | - Ana Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10E, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
| | - Nataša Kozina
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
| | - Martina Mihalj
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Petar Šušnjara
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
| | - Marko Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department for Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Željka Breškić Ćurić
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital Vinkovci, Zvonarska 57, HR-32100 Vinkovci, Croatia
| | - Kristina Selthofer-Relatić
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department for Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Kibel
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department for Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Lukinac
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Luka Kolar
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vukovar General Hospital, HR-32000 Vukovar, Croatia
| | - Gordana Kralik
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Nutricin j.d.o.o. Darda, HR-31326 Darda, Croatia
| | - Zlata Kralik
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Animal Production and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Széchenyi
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Jozanović
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Olivera Galović
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Medvidović-Kosanović
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (I.J.); (N.K.); (A.S.); (A.M.); (N.K.); (Z.M.); (M.M.); (P.Š.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Personalized Health Care, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (Ž.B.Ć.); (K.S.-R.); (A.L.); (L.K.); (G.K.); (Z.K.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (O.G.); (M.M.-K.)
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12
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Petrova B, Kanarek N. Potential Benefits and Pitfalls of Histidine Supplementation for Cancer Therapy Enhancement. J Nutr 2020; 150:2580S-2587S. [PMID: 33000153 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation of the amino acid histidine has demonstrable benefits in various clinical conditions. Recent work in a pediatric leukemia mouse model exposed a surprising potential application of histidine supplementation for cancer therapy enhancement. These findings demand a deeper reassessment of the physiological effects and potential drawbacks of histidine supplementation. As pertinent to this question, we discuss the safety of high doses of histidine and its relevant metabolic fates in the human body. We refrain from recommendations or final conclusions because comprehensive preclinical evidence for safety and efficacy of histidine supplementation is still lacking. However, we emphasize the incentive to study the safety of histidine supplementation and its potential to improve the clinical outcome of pediatric blood cancers through a simple dietary supplementation. The need for comprehensive preclinical testing of histidine supplementation in healthy and tumor-bearing mice is fundamental, and we hope that this review will facilitate such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boryana Petrova
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naama Kanarek
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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13
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Akkoc RF, Ogeturk M, Aydin S, Kuloglu T, Aydin S. Effects of carnosine on apoptosis, transient receptor potential melastatin 2, and betatrophin in rats exposed to formaldehyde. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:223-229. [PMID: 32580587 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1783571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of exposure to formaldehyde on transient receptor potential melastatin 2, betatrophin, total oxidant status and total antioxidant status in rat liver and kidney tissues. We also investigated the effects of carnosine on formaldehyde treated animals. We used 28 male rats divided ramdomly into four groups of seven: untreated control group, carnosine treated group, formaldehyde treated group and formaldehyde + carnosine group. The experiment lasted for four weeks. Betatrophin levels in samples were measured uing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and total oxidant status and total antioxidant status were measured using REL assay diagnostic kits. We detected betatrophin and transient receptor potential melastatin 2 immunoreactivity using immunohistochemistry and assessed apoptosis using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. The betatrophin and total antioxidant status levels decreased in kidney, liver and plasma following exposure to formaldehyde, while total oxidant status and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling positivity increased. Carnosine supplementation reversed histopathology and biochemical damage caused by formaldehyde. We suggest that carnosine treatment may be useful for protecting persons exposed to formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Akkoc
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - M Ogeturk
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - S Aydin
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Health Science University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - T Kuloglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - S Aydin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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14
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Wu G. Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health. Amino Acids 2020; 52:329-360. [PMID: 32072297 PMCID: PMC7088015 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Taurine (a sulfur-containing β-amino acid), creatine (a metabolite of arginine, glycine and methionine), carnosine (a dipeptide; β-alanyl-L-histidine), and 4-hydroxyproline (an imino acid; also often referred to as an amino acid) were discovered in cattle, and the discovery of anserine (a methylated product of carnosine; β-alanyl-1-methyl-L-histidine) also originated with cattle. These five nutrients are highly abundant in beef, and have important physiological roles in anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory reactions, as well as neurological, muscular, retinal, immunological and cardiovascular function. Of particular note, taurine, carnosine, anserine, and creatine are absent from plants, and hydroxyproline is negligible in many plant-source foods. Consumption of 30 g dry beef can fully meet daily physiological needs of the healthy 70-kg adult human for taurine and carnosine, and can also provide large amounts of creatine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline to improve human nutrition and health, including metabolic, retinal, immunological, muscular, cartilage, neurological, and cardiovascular health. The present review provides the public with the much-needed knowledge of nutritionally and physiologically significant amino acids, dipeptides and creatine in animal-source foods (including beef). Dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline are beneficial for preventing and treating obesity, cardiovascular dysfunction, and ageing-related disorders, as well as inhibiting tumorigenesis, improving skin and bone health, ameliorating neurological abnormalities, and promoting well being in infants, children and adults. Furthermore, these nutrients may promote the immunological defense of humans against infections by bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses (including coronavirus) through enhancing the metabolism and functions of monocytes, macrophages, and other cells of the immune system. Red meat (including beef) is a functional food for optimizing human growth, development and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA.
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15
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Ghodsi R. Carnosine Effect on Advanced Lipoxidation End-Products: a Brief Review on Tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-019-00188-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Carnosine Protects Mouse Podocytes from High Glucose Induced Apoptosis through PI3K/AKT and Nrf2 Pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4348973. [PMID: 31275971 PMCID: PMC6558648 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4348973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the complication of diabetes mellitus that can lead to chronic renal failure. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production plays an important role in its pathological process. Previous studies showed that carnosine may reduce diabetic nephropathy by antioxidant effect. However, the molecular mechanism of its antioxidant was not fully understood. In the current study, we developed high glucose containing different concentrations of carnosine to reduce ROS levels and podocytes apoptosis, and Cell Counting Kit-8 test was used to observe the cell viability. Carnosine (5-20mM) was found to protect mouse podocytes (MPC5) cells from HG-induced injury. Quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining revealed that high glucose induced ROS levels and podocytes apoptosis were downregulated by PI3K/AKT and Nrf2 signaling pathways. The current findings suggest that carnosine may reduce ROS levels and MPC5 cells apoptosis by PI3K/AKT and Nrf2 signaling pathways activation.
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The footprints of mitochondrial impairment and cellular energy crisis in the pathogenesis of xenobiotics-induced nephrotoxicity, serum electrolytes imbalance, and Fanconi's syndrome: A comprehensive review. Toxicology 2019; 423:1-31. [PMID: 31095988 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi's Syndrome (FS) is a disorder characterized by impaired renal proximal tubule function. FS is associated with a vast defect in the renal reabsorption of several chemicals. Inherited and/or acquired conditions seem to be connected with FS. Several xenobiotics including many pharmaceuticals are capable of inducing FS and nephrotoxicity. Although the pathological state of FS is well described, the exact underlying etiology and cellular mechanism(s) of xenobiotics-induced nephrotoxicity, serum electrolytes imbalance, and FS are not elucidated. Constant and high dependence of the renal reabsorption process to energy (ATP) makes mitochondrial dysfunction as a pivotal mechanism which could be involved in the pathogenesis of FS. The current review focuses on the footprints of mitochondrial impairment in the etiology of xenobiotics-induced FS. Moreover, the importance of mitochondria protecting agents and their preventive/therapeutic capability against FS is highlighted. The information collected in this review may provide significant clues to new therapeutic interventions aimed at minimizing xenobiotics-induced renal injury, serum electrolytes imbalance, and FS.
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Ommati MM, Jamshidzadeh A, Heidari R, Sun Z, Zamiri MJ, Khodaei F, Mousapour S, Ahmadi F, Javanmard N, Shirazi Yeganeh B. Carnosine and Histidine Supplementation Blunt Lead-Induced Reproductive Toxicity through Antioxidative and Mitochondria-Dependent Mechanisms. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:151-162. [PMID: 29767280 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb)-induced reproductive toxicity is a well-characterized adverse effect associated with this heavy metal. It has been found that Pb exposure is associated with altered spermatogenesis, increased testicular degeneration, and pathological sperm alterations. On the other hand, it has been reported that Pb-induced reproductive toxicity is associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and diminished antioxidant capacity in the reproductive system. Hence, administration of antioxidants as protective agents might be of value against Pb-induced reproductive toxicity. This study was designed to investigate whether carnosine (CAR) and histidine (HIS) supplementation would mitigate the Pb-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. Animals received Pb (20 mg/kg/day, oral, 14 consecutive days) alone or in combination with CAR (250 and 500 mg/kg/day, oral, 14 consecutive days) or HIS (250 and 500 mg/kg/day, oral, 14 consecutive days). Pb toxicity was evident in the reproductive system by a significant increase in tissue markers of oxidative stress along with severe histopathological changes, seminal tubule damage, tubular desquamation, low spermatogenesis index, poor sperm parameters, and impaired sperm mitochondrial function. It was found that CAR and HIS supplementation blunted the Pb-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the rat reproductive system. Thereby, antioxidative and mitochondria-protective properties serve as primary mechanisms for CAR and HIS against Pb-induced reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Zilong Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammad Javad Zamiri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Forouzan Khodaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Mousapour
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Javanmard
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Babak Shirazi Yeganeh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Fernández-Cisnal R, García-Sevillano MA, García-Barrera T, Gómez-Ariza JL, Abril N. Metabolomic alterations and oxidative stress are associated with environmental pollution in Procambarus clarkii. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 205:76-88. [PMID: 30343212 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soils contaminated by toxic metallic elements from agricultural activities raise grave concern about their potential risk to human health through direct intake, bioaccumulation through the food chain, and their impacts on ecological systems. We have measured here the lipid and protein oxidation status and used metabolomic methodologies to identify and characterize the changes caused by metal pollution exposure in the digestive glands and gills of Procambarus clarkii, the red swamp crayfish. Specimens captured at two sites with intensive agriculture practices using diverse types of agrochemicals, located in the borders of Doñana Natural Park, were compared to ones caught in the core of the Park, a proven non-polluted place. As a highly metabolically active organ, the digestive gland accumulated more metallic elements than the gills and was consequently more affected at the metabolic level. Results also indicate that chronic pollution exposure generates oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction that imposes a metabolic shift to enhanced aerobic glycolysis and lipid metabolism alteration. The integration of metabolomics with previous proteomic data gives a comprehensive vision of the metabolic disorders caused by chronic metal exposure to P. clarkii and identifies potential biomarkers useful for routine risk assessment of the aquatic ecosystems health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Fernández-Cisnal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Miguel A García-Sevillano
- Departmento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medioambiente (RENSMA). Universidad de Huelva, Avda, de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, E-21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Tamara García-Barrera
- Departmento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medioambiente (RENSMA). Universidad de Huelva, Avda, de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, E-21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - José L Gómez-Ariza
- Departmento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medioambiente (RENSMA). Universidad de Huelva, Avda, de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, E-21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Nieves Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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Detection of carnosinase-1 in urine of healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes: correlation with albuminuria and renal function. Amino Acids 2018; 51:17-25. [PMID: 29961141 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Low serum carnosinase (CN-1) concentrations are associated with low risk for development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although CN-1 is expressed in the kidney, urinary CN-1 (CNU) excretion and its pathological relevance in patients with T2D have not been investigated to date. The present study therefore assessed the extent of CNU excretion in healthy subjects (n = 243) and in patients with T2D (n = 361) enrolled in the DIAbetes and LifEstyle Cohort Twente-1 (DIALECT-1) in relation to functional renal parameters. CNU was detected in a high proportion of healthy individuals, 180 (74%); median CNU excretion was 0.25 mg/24 h [(IQR 0-0.65 mg/24 h]. In patients with T2D the prevalence and extent of CNU increased in parallel with albuminuria (r = 0.59, p < 0.0001; median CNU 0.1 vs 0.2 vs 1.5 mg/24 h, p < 0.0001; prevalence of CNU 61 vs. 81 vs. 97% p < 0.05 in normo- (n = 241), micro- (n = 80) and macroalbuminuria (n = 40), respectively). Patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 displayed higher median CNU excretion rates in comparison to patients with preserved eGFR (> 90 ml/min/1.73 m2) (1.36 vs 0.13 mg/24 h, p < 0.05). Backward stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis revealed albuminuria, eGFR and glycosuria to be independent factors of CNU excretion rates, all together explaining 37% of variation of CNU excretion rates (R2 = 0.37, p < 0.0001). These results show for the first time that CN-1 can be detected in urine and warrants prospective studies to assess the relevance of CNU for renal function deterioration in diabetes patients.
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PQQ ameliorates D-galactose induced cognitive impairments by reducing glutamate neurotoxicity via the GSK-3β/Akt signaling pathway in mouse. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8894. [PMID: 29891841 PMCID: PMC5995849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to be associated with various age-related diseases. D-galactose (D-gal) has been considered a senescent model which induces oxidative stress response resulting in memory dysfunction. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a redox cofactor which is found in various foods. In our previous study, we found that PQQ may be converted into a derivative by binding with amino acid, which is beneficial to several pathological processes. In this study, we found a beneficial glutamate mixture which may diminish neurotoxicity by oxidative stress in D-gal induced mouse. Our results showed that PQQ may influence the generation of proinflammatory mediators, including cytokines and prostaglandins during aging process. D-gal-induced mouse showed increased MDA and ROS levels, and decreased T-AOC activities in the hippocampus, these changes were reversed by PQQ supplementation. Furthermore, PQQ statistically enhanced Superoxide Dismutase SOD2 mRNA expression. PQQ could ameliorate the memory deficits and neurotoxicity induced by D-gal via binding with excess glutamate, which provide a link between glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity, inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, PQQ reduced the up-regulated expression of p-Akt by D-gal and maintained the activity of GSK-3β, resulting in a down-regulation of p-Tau level in hippocampus. PQQ modulated memory ability partly via Akt/GSK-3β pathway.
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Antioxidant Status, Lipid Peroxidation and Protein Oxidation in Type 2 Diabetic Patients; Beneficial Effects of Supplementation with Carnosine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.64116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sahin S, Donmez DB. Effects of Carnosine (Beta-Alanyl-L-Histidine) in an Experimental Rat Model of Acute Kidney Injury Due to Septic Shock. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:305-316. [PMID: 29334583 PMCID: PMC5778771 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the human intensive care unit (ICU). Kidney function and the histological findings of AKI were investigated in an experimental rat model with sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and compared with and without treatment with carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine). MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups consisting eight rats in each: Group 1 - control; Group 2 - septic shock; and Group 3 - septic shock treated with carnosine. Femoral vein and artery catheterization were applied in all rats. Rats in Group 1 underwent laparotomy and catheterization. The other two groups with septic shock underwent laparotomy, CLP, catheterization, and bladder cannulation. Rats in Group 3 received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 250 mg/kg carnosine, 60 min following CLP. Rats were monitored for blood pressure, pulse rate, and body temperature to assess responses to postoperative sepsis, and 10 mL/kg saline replacement was administered. Twenty-four hours following CLP, rats were sacrificed, and blood and renal tissue samples were collected. RESULTS Statistically significant improvements were observed in kidney function, tissue and serum malondialdehyde levels, routine blood values, biochemical indices, and in histopathological findings in rats in Group 3 who were treated with carnosine, compared with Group 2 exposed to septic shock without carnosine treatment. CONCLUSIONS Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) has been shown to have beneficial effects in reducing AKI due to septic shock in a rat model of septicemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Sahin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Dilek Burukoglu Donmez
- Department of Histology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Hoffman JR, Varanoske A, Stout JR. Effects of β-Alanine Supplementation on Carnosine Elevation and Physiological Performance. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 84:183-206. [PMID: 29555069 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Alanine is one of the more popular sport supplements used by strength/power athletes today. The popularity of β-alanine stems from its ability to enhance intracellular muscle-buffering capacity thereby delaying fatigue during high-intensity exercise by increasing muscle carnosine content. Recent evidence also suggests that elevated carnosine levels may enhance cognitive performance and increase resiliency to stress. These benefits are thought to result from carnosine's potential role as an antioxidant. This review will discuss these new findings including recent investigations examining β-alanine supplementation and increased resiliency to posttraumatic stress and mild traumatic brain injury. This review will focus on the physiology of carnosine, the effect of β-alanine ingestion on carnosine elevations, and the potential ergogenic benefits it has for competitive and tactical athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R Hoffman
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.
| | - Alyssa Varanoske
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Stout
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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Karabulut-Bulan O, Us H, Bayrak BB, Sezen-Us A, Yanardag R. The role of melatonin and carnosine in prevention of oxidative intestinal injury induced by gamma irradiation in rats. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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26
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Aydın AF, Küçükgergin C, Çoban J, Doğan-Ekici I, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M, Koçak-Toker N. Carnosine prevents testicular oxidative stress and advanced glycation end product formation in D-galactose-induced aged rats. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 29230838 DOI: 10.1111/and.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
D-Galactose is shown to mimic natural ageing in rodents by exacerbating oxidative stress and glycation. Steroid production and having a poor antioxidant system make testis vulnerable to galactose-induced ageing. Antioxidation and antiglycating actions of carnosine may be intriguing for prevention of testicular ageing. In this study, male Wistar rats were applied D-galactose (300 mg/kg; subcutaneously 5 days a week) and carnosine (250 mg/kg; intraperitoneally 5 days a week) along with D-galactose for 2 months. D-Galactose treatment increased testicular reactive oxygen species, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, diene conjugates, protein carbonyls, advanced oxidation products of proteins and advanced glycation end products. Carnosine was capable of repelling oxidative stress and glycation produced by D-galactose. Johnsen's score, which describes histopathological evaluation, was also significantly improved with preserved spermatogenesis by carnosine. It appears that carnosine deters the testicular oxidative stress due to galactose-induced ageing directly by its antioxidative and antiglycating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Aydın
- Department of Biochemistry, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - C Küçükgergin
- Department of Biochemistry, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - J Çoban
- Department of Biochemistry, Yeditepe University Medical Faculty, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - I Doğan-Ekici
- Department of Medical Pathology, Yeditepe University Medical Faculty, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - S Doğru-Abbasoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - M Uysal
- Department of Biochemistry, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - N Koçak-Toker
- Department of Biochemistry, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
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27
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Jamshidzadeh A, Heidari R, Latifpour Z, Ommati MM, Abdoli N, Mousavi S, Azarpira N, Zarei A, Zarei M, Asadi B, Abasvali M, Yeganeh Y, Jafari F, Saeedi A, Najibi A, Mardani E. Carnosine ameliorates liver fibrosis and hyperammonemia in cirrhotic rats. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:424-434. [PMID: 28283328 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Chronic liver injury and cirrhosis leads to liver failure. Hyperammonemia is a deleterious consequence of liver failure. On the other hand, oxidative stress seems to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis as well as in the cytotoxic mechanism of ammonia. There is no promising therapeutic agent against ammonia-induced complications. The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of carnosine (CA) administration on liver pathological changes, elevated plasma ammonia, and its consequent events in cirrhotic rats. METHODS Bile duct ligated (BDL) rats were used as a model of cirrhosis. CA (250, 500, and 1000mg/kg, daily, i.p) was administered for 28 consecutive days to BDL animals. At the end of treatments, markers of oxidative stress and liver fibrosis was determined in liver and serum biomarkers of liver injury and plasma ammonia was assessed. Moreover, changes in animals' locomotor activity were monitored. RESULTS Severe bridging fibrosis, inflammation, and necrosis in liver, along with elevated serum biomarkers of liver injury were evident in BDL animals. Furthermore, plasma ammonia was drastically elevated in cirrhotic rats and animals' locomotor activity was suppressed. It was found that CA (250, 500, and 1000mg/kg, daily, i.p) significantly alleviated liver injury and its consequent events in cirrhotic rats. The data suggested that CA is not only a useful and safe agent to preserve liver function, but also prevented hyperammonemia and brain damage as a deleterious consequence of cirrhosis and liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1583, 71345 Roknabad, Karafarin Street, Shiraz, Fars, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1583, 71345 Roknabad, Karafarin Street, Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
| | - Zahra Latifpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammed Mehdi Ommati
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1583, 71345 Roknabad, Karafarin Street, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Narges Abdoli
- Iran Food and Drug Administration (IFDA), Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mousavi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azita Zarei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Zarei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behnam Asadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Abasvali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yasaman Yeganeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Jafari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arastoo Saeedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Asma Najibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elnaz Mardani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Bingül İ, Yılmaz Z, Aydın AF, Çoban J, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M. Antiglycation and anti-oxidant efficiency of carnosine in the plasma and liver of aged rats. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17:2610-2614. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- İlknur Bingül
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Zülbiye Yılmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - A. Fatih Aydın
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Jale Çoban
- Department of Biochemistry; Yeditepe University Medical Faculty; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Semra Doğru-Abbasoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Müjdat Uysal
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
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Yılmaz Z, Kalaz EB, Aydın AF, Soluk-Tekkeşin M, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M, Koçak-Toker N. The effect of carnosine on methylglyoxal-induced oxidative stress in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2017; 123:192-198. [PMID: 28276708 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1296468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is generated from glycolytic metabolites, lipid peroxidation, glucose autooxidation and protein glycation. It is a prooxidant inducing oxidative stress and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE). Effect of carnosine (CAR) as an antioxidant on toxicity due to MG has generated interest. In this study, rats were given incrementally increased doses (100-300 mg/kg) of MG in drinking water for ten weeks. CAR (250 mg/kg i.p.) was administered with MG. Plasma thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl (PC), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and AGE levels were elevated by MG, and CAR decreased PC, AOPP and AGE levels. MG increased liver reactive oxygen species (ROS), TBARS, PC and AOPP levels, which were decreased by CAR. Thus, in vivo role of CAR on chronic MG administration was observed to suppress the generated hepatic and plasma oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zülbiye Yılmaz
- a Department of Biochemistry , Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey , and
| | - Esra Betül Kalaz
- a Department of Biochemistry , Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey , and
| | - A Fatih Aydın
- a Department of Biochemistry , Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey , and
| | - Merva Soluk-Tekkeşin
- b Department of Pathology, Oncology Institute , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Semra Doğru-Abbasoğlu
- a Department of Biochemistry , Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey , and
| | - Müjdat Uysal
- a Department of Biochemistry , Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey , and
| | - Necla Koçak-Toker
- a Department of Biochemistry , Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey , and
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Carnosine protects brain mitochondria under hyperammonemic conditions: Relevance to hepatic encephalopathy treatment. PHARMANUTRITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Wang L, Pang M, Wang X, Wang P, Xiao Y, Liu Q. Characteristics, composition, and antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino seed oil. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2084-2093. [PMID: 27569782 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to further develop and utilise Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino seeds, a detailed analysis of the characteristics of G. pentaphyllum seed oil (GPSO), including its physico-chemical parameters, fatty acid composition and unsaponifiable matter constituents, has been investigated in this study. The antioxidant potential of GPSO was evaluated by radical-scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay in vitro, and the antioxidant activity in vivo was examined by using an aged mice model. RESULTS The main components of the seeds are lipids (485.54 g kg-1 ) and proteins (203.26 g kg-1 ). The GPSO obtained by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (92.85%), especially conjugated linolenic acid (88.17%); and various useful compounds (squalene, tocopherol and phytosterols) were identified in the unsaponifiable matter. The overall antioxidant capacity of GPSO in vitro was shown to be comparable to that of Camellia seed oil as a positive control. GPSO could provide protection to the aged mice against oxidative stress and minimised the impact of ageing. CONCLUSION All the results suggest that GPSO has direct and potent antioxidant activities; it could be utilised as a functional food to supplement or replace some conventional oils. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Min Pang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Quanhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
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Methionine and Choline Supply during the Periparturient Period Alter Plasma Amino Acid and One-Carbon Metabolism Profiles to Various Extents: Potential Role in Hepatic Metabolism and Antioxidant Status. Nutrients 2016; 9:nu9010010. [PMID: 28036059 PMCID: PMC5295054 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to profile plasma amino acids (AA) and derivatives of their metabolism during the periparturient period in response to supplemental rumen-protected methionine (MET) or rumen-protected choline (CHOL). Forty cows were fed from −21 through 30 days around parturition in a 2 × 2 factorial design a diet containing MET or CHOL. MET supply led to greater circulating methionine and proportion of methionine in the essential AA pool, total AA, and total sulfur-containing compounds. Lysine in total AA also was greater in these cows, indicating a better overall AA profile. Sulfur-containing compounds (cystathionine, cystine, homocystine, and taurine) were greater in MET-fed cows, indicating an enriched sulfur-containing compound pool due to enhanced transsulfuration activity. Circulating essential AA and total AA concentrations were greater in cows supplied MET due to greater lysine, arginine, tryptophan, threonine, proline, asparagine, alanine, and citrulline. In contrast, CHOL supply had no effect on essential AA or total AA, and only tryptophan and cystine were greater. Plasma 3-methylhistidine concentration was lower in response to CHOL supply, suggesting less tissue protein mobilization in these cows. Overall, the data revealed that enhanced periparturient supply of MET has positive effects on plasma AA profiles and overall antioxidant status.
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Vailati-Riboni M, Meier S, Burke CR, Kay JK, Mitchell MD, Walker CG, Crookenden MA, Heiser A, Rodriguez-Zas SL, Roche JR, Loor JJ. Prepartum body condition score and plane of nutrition affect the hepatic transcriptome during the transition period in grazing dairy cows. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:854. [PMID: 27806685 PMCID: PMC5093966 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A transcriptomic approach was used to evaluate potential interactions between prepartum body condition score (BCS) and feeding management in the weeks before calving on hepatic metabolism during the periparturient period. Methods Thirty-two mid-lactation grazing dairy cows of mixed age and breed were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: two prepartum BCS categories [4.0 (thin, BCS4) and 5.0 (optimal, BCS5); based on a 10-point scale], and two levels of energy intake during the 3 weeks preceding calving (75 and 125 % of estimated requirements). Liver samples were obtained at −7, 7, and 28 d relative to parturition and subsequent RNA was hybridized to the Agilent 44 K Bovine (V2) Microarray chip. The Dynamic Impact Approach was used for pathway analysis, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used for gene network analysis. Results The greater number of differentially expressed genes in BCS4 cows in response to prepartum feed allowance (1071 vs 310, over the entire transition period) indicates that these animals were more responsive to prepartum nutrition management than optimally-conditioned cows. However, independent of prepartum BCS, pathway analysis revealed that prepartal feeding level had a marked effect on carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid, and glycan metabolism. Altered carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism suggest a greater and more prolonged negative energy balance postpartum in BCS5 cows overfed prepartum. This is supported by opposite effects of prepartum feeding in BCS4 compared with BCS5 cows in pathways encompassing amino acid, vitamin, and co-factor metabolism. The prepartum feed restriction ameliorates the metabolic adaptation to the onset of lactation in BCS5 cows, while detrimentally affecting BCS4 cows, which seem to better adapt when overfed. Alterations in the glycosaminoglycans synthesis pathway support this idea, indicating better hepatic health status in feed-restricted BCS5 and overfed BCS4 cows. Furthermore, IPA network analysis suggests liver damage in feed-restricted thin cows, likely due to metabolic overload. Conclusion Overall, the data support the hypothesis that overfeeding in late-pregnancy should be limited to underconditioned cows, while cows with optimal degree of body condition should be maintained on an energy-restricted diet. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3191-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vailati-Riboni
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - S Meier
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - C R Burke
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - J K Kay
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - M D Mitchell
- University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital Campus, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - C G Walker
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - M A Crookenden
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - A Heiser
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - S L Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA
| | - J R Roche
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA.
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Okudan N, Belviranli M. Effects of exercise training on hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant status in aged rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2016; 122:180-185. [PMID: 27424521 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2016.1199574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of exercise training on oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense markers in the liver tissues of young and aged rats. Two age groups of 4-(young) and 20-months-(aged) old male Wistar rats were performed exercise training program consisted of swimming exercise for 8 weeks. The biomarkers of pro/antioxidant status malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), total glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed by commercially available kits. PC levels were higher in the untrained aged rats compared to the young groups and exercise training decreased PC levels (p < 0.05). 8-OHdG levels were higher in the aged groups (p < 0.05). MDA and GSH levels and SOD activity did not differ significantly between the groups (p > 0.05). The present findings indicate that exercise training prevents aging-induced hepatic oxidative damage especially in the proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilsel Okudan
- a School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Division of Sports Physiology, Selçuk University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Muaz Belviranli
- a School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Division of Sports Physiology, Selçuk University , Konya , Turkey
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Jamshidzadeh A, Heidari R, Abazari F, Ramezani M, Khodaei F, Ommati MM, Ayarzadeh M, Firuzi R, Saeedi A, Azarpira N, Najibi A. Antimalarial Drugs-Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats and the Protective Role of Carnosine. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Lancha Junior AH, Painelli VDS, Saunders B, Artioli GG. Nutritional Strategies to Modulate Intracellular and Extracellular Buffering Capacity During High-Intensity Exercise. Sports Med 2016; 45 Suppl 1:S71-81. [PMID: 26553493 PMCID: PMC4672007 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular acidosis is a contributing factor to fatigue during high-intensity exercise. Many nutritional strategies aiming to increase intra- and extracellular buffering capacity have been investigated. Among these, supplementation of beta-alanine (~3–6.4 g/day for 4 weeks or longer), the rate-limiting factor to the intramuscular synthesis of carnosine (i.e. an intracellular buffer), has been shown to result in positive effects on exercise performance in which acidosis is a contributing factor to fatigue. Furthermore, sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and sodium/calcium lactate supplementation have been employed in an attempt to increase the extracellular buffering capacity. Although all attempts have increased blood bicarbonate concentrations, evidence indicates that sodium bicarbonate (0.3 g/kg body mass) is the most effective in improving high-intensity exercise performance. The evidence supporting the ergogenic effects of sodium citrate and lactate remain weak. These nutritional strategies are not without side effects, as gastrointestinal distress is often associated with the effective doses of sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and calcium lactate. Similarly, paresthesia (i.e. tingling sensation of the skin) is currently the only known side effect associated with beta-alanine supplementation, and it is caused by the acute elevation in plasma beta-alanine concentration after a single dose of beta-alanine. Finally, the co-supplementation of beta-alanine and sodium bicarbonate may result in additive ergogenic gains during high-intensity exercise, although studies are required to investigate this combination in a wide range of sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Herbert Lancha Junior
- Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Av. Mello de Moraes, 65 Butanta, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil.
| | - Vitor de Salles Painelli
- Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Av. Mello de Moraes, 65 Butanta, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Bryan Saunders
- Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Av. Mello de Moraes, 65 Butanta, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Giannini Artioli
- Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Av. Mello de Moraes, 65 Butanta, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
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Stegen S, Stegen B, Aldini G, Altomare A, Cannizzaro L, Orioli M, Gerlo S, Deldicque L, Ramaekers M, Hespel P, Derave W. Plasma carnosine, but not muscle carnosine, attenuates high-fat diet-induced metabolic stress. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 40:868-76. [PMID: 26307517 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is growing in vivo evidence that the dipeptide carnosine has protective effects in metabolic diseases. A critical unanswered question is whether its site of action is tissues or plasma. This was investigated using oral carnosine versus β-alanine supplementation in a high-fat diet rat model. Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats received a control diet (CON), a high-fat diet (HF; 60% of energy from fat), the HF diet with 1.8% carnosine (HFcar), or the HF diet with 1% β-alanine (HFba), as β-alanine can increase muscle carnosine without increasing plasma carnosine. Insulin sensitivity, inflammatory signaling, and lipoxidative stress were determined in skeletal muscle and blood. In a pilot study, urine was collected. The 3 HF groups were significantly heavier than the CON group. Muscle carnosine concentrations increased equally in the HFcar and HFba groups, while elevated plasma carnosine levels and carnosine-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adducts were detected only in the HFcar group. Elevated plasma and urine N(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine in HF rats was reduced by ∼50% in the HFcar group but not in the HFba group. Likewise, inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA was decreased by 47% (p < 0.05) in the HFcar group, but not in the HFba group, compared with HF rats. We conclude that plasma carnosine, but not muscle carnosine, is involved in preventing early-stage lipoxidation in the circulation and inflammatory signaling in the muscle of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Stegen
- a Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram Stegen
- a Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Altomare
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Cannizzaro
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marica Orioli
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah Gerlo
- c VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louise Deldicque
- d Department of Kinesiology, Research Group in Exercise Physiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Box 1500, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Monique Ramaekers
- d Department of Kinesiology, Research Group in Exercise Physiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Box 1500, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Hespel
- d Department of Kinesiology, Research Group in Exercise Physiology, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Box 1500, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Derave
- a Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Aydın AF, Çoban J, Doğan-Ekici I, Betül-Kalaz E, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M. Carnosine and taurine treatments diminished brain oxidative stress and apoptosis in D-galactose aging model. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:337-45. [PMID: 26518192 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9755-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
D-galactose (GAL) has been used as an animal model for brain aging and antiaging studies. GAL stimulates oxidative stress in several tissues including brain. Carnosine (CAR; β-alanil-L-histidine) and taurine (TAU; 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) exhibit antioxidant properties. CAR and TAU have anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. We investigated the effect of CAR and TAU supplementations on oxidative stress and brain damage in GAL-treated rats. Rats received GAL (300 mg/kg; s.c.; 5 days per week) alone or together with CAR (250 mg/kg/daily; i.p.; 5 days per week) or TAU (2.5% w/w; in rat chow) for 2 months. Brain malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC) and glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were determined. Expressions of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bax and caspase-3 were also evaluated in the brains by immunohistochemistry. GAL treatment increased brain MDA and PC levels and AChE activities. It decreased significantly brain GSH levels, SOD and GSH-Px but not GST activities. GAL treatment caused histopathological changes and increased apoptosis. CAR and TAU significantly reduced brain AChE activities, MDA and PC levels and elevated GSH levels in GAL-treated rats. CAR, but not TAU, significantly increased low activities of SOD and GSH-Px. Both CAR and TAU diminished apoptosis and ameliorated histopathological findings in the brain of GAL-treated rats. Our results indicate that CAR and TAU may be effective to prevent the development of oxidative stress, apoptosis and histopathological deterioration in the brain of GAL-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fatih Aydın
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jale Çoban
- Department of Biochemistry, Yeditepe University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Işın Doğan-Ekici
- Department of Pathology, Yeditepe University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Betül-Kalaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Doğru-Abbasoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Müjdat Uysal
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Baye E, Ukropcova B, Ukropec J, Hipkiss A, Aldini G, de Courten B. Physiological and therapeutic effects of carnosine on cardiometabolic risk and disease. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1131-49. [PMID: 26984320 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are the most common preventable causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. They represent major public health threat to our society. Increasing prevalence of obesity and T2DM contributes to escalating morbidity and mortality from CVD and stroke. Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-ischaemic and chelating roles and is available as an over-the-counter food supplement. Animal evidence suggests that carnosine may offer many promising therapeutic benefits for multiple chronic diseases due to these properties. Carnosine, traditionally used in exercise physiology to increase exercise performance, has potential preventative and therapeutic benefits in obesity, insulin resistance, T2DM and diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications (CVD and stroke) as well as number of neurological and mental health conditions. However, relatively little evidence is available in humans. Thus, future studies should focus on well-designed clinical trials to confirm or refute a potential role of carnosine in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in humans, in addition to advancing knowledge from the basic science and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estifanos Baye
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alan Hipkiss
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia. .,Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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Sildenafil Therapy Normalizes the Aberrant Metabolomic Profile in the Comt(-/-) Mouse Model of Preeclampsia/Fetal Growth Restriction. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18241. [PMID: 26667607 PMCID: PMC4678899 DOI: 10.1038/srep18241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) are serious complications of pregnancy, associated with greatly increased risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. These complications are difficult to diagnose and no curative treatments are available. We hypothesized that the metabolomic signature of two models of disease, catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT(-/-)) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Nos3(-/-)) knockout mice, would be significantly different from control C57BL/6J mice. Further, we hypothesised that any differences in COMT(-/-) mice would be resolved following treatment with Sildenafil, a treatment which rescues fetal growth. Targeted, quantitative comparisons of serum metabolic profiles of pregnant Nos3(-/-), COMT(-/-) and C57BL/6J mice were made using a kit from BIOCRATES. Significant differences in 4 metabolites were observed between Nos3(-/-) and C57BL/6J mice (p < 0.05) and in 18 metabolites between C57BL/6J and COMT(-/-) mice (p < 0.05). Following treatment with Sildenafil, only 5 of the 18 previously identified differences in metabolites (p < 0.05) remained in COMT(-/-) mice. Metabolomic profiling of mouse models is possible, producing signatures that are clearly different from control animals. A potential new treatment, Sildenafil, is able to normalize the aberrant metabolomic profile in COMT(-/-) mice; as this treatment moves into clinical trials, this information may assist in assessing possible mechanisms of action.
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Zhang H, Davies KJA, Forman HJ. Oxidative stress response and Nrf2 signaling in aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:314-336. [PMID: 26066302 PMCID: PMC4628850 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 577] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing oxidative stress, a major characteristic of aging, has been implicated in a variety of age-related pathologies. In aging, oxidant production from several sources is increased, whereas antioxidant enzymes, the primary lines of defense, are decreased. Repair systems, including the proteasomal degradation of damaged proteins, also decline. Importantly, the adaptive response to oxidative stress declines with aging. Nrf2/EpRE signaling regulates the basal and inducible expression of many antioxidant enzymes and the proteasome. Nrf2/EpRE activity is regulated at several levels, including transcription, posttranslation, and interactions with other proteins. This review summarizes current studies on age-related impairment of Nrf2/EpRE function and discusses the changes in Nrf2 regulatory mechanisms with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; School of Natural Science, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95344, USA.
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Macedo LW, Cararo JH, Maravai SG, Gonçalves CL, Oliveira GMT, Kist LW, Guerra Martinez C, Kurtenbach E, Bogo MR, Hipkiss AR, Streck EL, Schuck PF, Ferreira GC. Acute Carnosine Administration Increases Respiratory Chain Complexes and Citric Acid Cycle Enzyme Activities in Cerebral Cortex of Young Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5582-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Çoban J, Doğan-Ekici I, Aydın AF, Betül-Kalaz E, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M. Blueberry treatment decreased D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and brain damage in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:793-802. [PMID: 25511550 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
D-galactose (GAL) causes aging-related changes and oxidative stress in the organism. We investigated the effect of whole fresh blueberry (BB) (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) treatment on oxidative stress in age-related brain damage model. Rats received GAL (300 mg/kg; s.c.; 5 days per week) alone or together with 5 % (BB1) and 10 % (BB2) BB containing chow for two months. Malondialdehyde (MDA),protein carbonyl (PC) and glutathione (GSH) levels, and Cu Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione transferase (GST) activities as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were determined. Expressions of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bax and caspase-3 were also evaluated in the brain by immunohistochemistry. MDA and PC levels and AChE activity increased, but GSH levels, SOD and GSH-Px activities decreased together with histopathological structural damage in the brain of GAL-treated rats. BB treatments, especially BB2 reduced MDA and PC levels and AChE activity and elevated GSH levels and GSH-Px activity. BB1 and BB2 treatments diminished apoptosis and ameliorated histopathological findings in the brain of GAL-treated rats. These results indicate that BB partially prevented the shift towards an imbalanced prooxidative status and apoptosis together with histopathological amelioration by acting as an antioxidant (radical scavenger) itself in GAL-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jale Çoban
- Department of Biochemistry, Yeditepe University Medical Faculty, Kayışdağı, Istanbul, Turkey
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Aydin S, Ogeturk M, Kuloglu T, Kavakli A, Aydin S. Effect of carnosine supplementation on apoptosis and irisin, total oxidant and antioxidants levels in the serum, liver and lung tissues in rats exposed to formaldehyde inhalation. Peptides 2015; 64:14-23. [PMID: 25541044 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the study has been to show whether carnosine has positive effects on liver and lung tissues of rats exposed to a range of formaldehyde concentrations, and to explore how irisin expression and antioxidant capacity are altered in these tissues by carnosine supplementation. Sprague-Dawley type male rats were divided into 8 groups with 6 animals in each: (I) Control; no chemical supplementation); (II) sham (100mg/kg/day carnosine); (III) low dose formaldehyde (LDFA) for 5 days/week; (IV) LDFA for 5 days/week and carnosine); (V) moderate dose formaldehyde (MDFA) for 5 days/week); (VI) MDFA for 5 days/week and carnosine; (VII) high dose formaldehyde (HDFA) for 5 days/week; (VIII) and HDFA for 5 days/week and carnosine. Sham and control groups were exposed to normal air. Irisin levels of the serum, liver and lung tissue supernatants were analyzed by ELISA, while the REL method was used to determine total oxidant/antioxidant capacity. Irisin production by the tissues was detected immunohistochemically. Increasing doses of FA decreased serum/tissue irisin and total antioxidant levels relative to the controls, as also to increases in TUNEL expressions, total oxidant level, oxidant and apoptosis index. Irisin expression was detected in hepatocyte and sinusoidal cells of the liver and parenchymal cells of the lung. In conclusion, while FA exposure reduces irisin and total oxidant in the serum, liver and lung tissues in a dose-dependent manner and increases the total antioxidant capacity, carnosine supplementation reduces the oxidative stress and restores the histopathological and biochemical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Aydin
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Elazig Training and Research Hospital, 23100 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Murat Ogeturk
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Kuloglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kavakli
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Aydin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry (Firat Hormones Research Group), Medical School, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey.
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Abstract
Background It has been known that ginseng can be applied as a potential nutraceutical for memory impairment; however, experiments with animals of old age are few. Methods To determine the memory enhancing effect of red ginseng, C57BL/6 mice (21 mo old) were given experimental diet pellets containing 0.12% red ginseng extract (approximately 200 mg/kg/d) for 3 mo. Young and old mice (4 mo and 21 mo old, respectively) were used as the control group. The effect of red ginseng, which ameliorated memory impairment in aged mice, was quantified using Y-maze test, novel objective test, and Morris water maze. Red ginseng ameliorated age-related declines in learning and memory in older mice. In addition, red ginseng's effect on the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and proinflammatory cytokines was investigated in the hippocampus of aged mice. Results Red ginseng treatment suppressed the production of age-processed inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β expressions. Moreover, it was observed that red ginseng had an antioxidative effect on aged mice. The suppressed glutathione level in aged mice was restored with red ginseng treatment. The antioxidative-related enzymes Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased with red ginseng treatment. Conclusion The results revealed that when red ginseng is administered over long periods, age-related decline of learning and memory is ameliorated through anti-inflammatory activity.
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Aydın AF, Çoban J, Doğan-Ekici I, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M, Koçak-Toker N. Carnosine and vitamin E - a promising pair in the combat against testicular oxidative stress in aged rats. Andrologia 2014; 47:1131-8. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Aydın
- Department of Biochemistry; İstanbul Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Çapa İstanbul Turkey
| | - J. Çoban
- Department of Biochemistry; Yeditepe University Medical Faculty; Kayışdağı İstanbul Turkey
| | - I. Doğan-Ekici
- Department of Medical Pathology; Yeditepe University Medical Faculty; Kayışdağı İstanbul Turkey
| | - S. Doğru-Abbasoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry; İstanbul Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Çapa İstanbul Turkey
| | - M. Uysal
- Department of Biochemistry; İstanbul Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Çapa İstanbul Turkey
| | - N. Koçak-Toker
- Department of Biochemistry; İstanbul Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Çapa İstanbul Turkey
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Çoban J, Öztezcan S, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Bingül I, Yeşil-Mizrak K, Uysal M. Olive leaf extract decreases age-induced oxidative stress in major organs of aged rats. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14:996-1002. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jale Çoban
- Department of Biochemistry; Yeditepe University Medical Faculty; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Serdar Öztezcan
- Department of Biochemistry; Yeditepe University Medical Faculty; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Semra Doğru-Abbasoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry; Istanbul Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ilknur Bingül
- Department of Biochemistry; Istanbul Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Kübra Yeşil-Mizrak
- Department of Biochemistry; Yeditepe University Medical Faculty; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Müjdat Uysal
- Department of Biochemistry; Istanbul Medical Faculty; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
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Evran B, Karpuzoğlu H, Develi S, Kalaz EB, Soluk-Tekkeşin M, Olgaç V, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S, Uysal M. Effects of carnosine on prooxidant–antioxidant status in heart tissue, plasma and erythrocytes of rats with isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:81-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Effect of carnosine alone or combined with α-tocopherol on hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in fructose-induced insulin-resistant rats. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:385-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) was discovered in 1900 as an abundant non-protein nitrogen-containing compound of meat. The dipeptide is not only found in skeletal muscle, but also in other excitable tissues. Most animals, except humans, also possess a methylated variant of carnosine, either anserine or ophidine/balenine, collectively called the histidine-containing dipeptides. This review aims to decipher the physiological roles of carnosine, based on its biochemical properties. The latter include pH-buffering, metal-ion chelation, and antioxidant capacity as well as the capacity to protect against formation of advanced glycation and lipoxidation end-products. For these reasons, the therapeutic potential of carnosine supplementation has been tested in numerous diseases in which ischemic or oxidative stress are involved. For several pathologies, such as diabetes and its complications, ocular disease, aging, and neurological disorders, promising preclinical and clinical results have been obtained. Also the pathophysiological relevance of serum carnosinase, the enzyme actively degrading carnosine into l-histidine and β-alanine, is discussed. The carnosine system has evolved as a pluripotent solution to a number of homeostatic challenges. l-Histidine, and more specifically its imidazole moiety, appears to be the prime bioactive component, whereas β-alanine is mainly regulating the synthesis of the dipeptide. This paper summarizes a century of scientific exploration on the (patho)physiological role of carnosine and related compounds. However, far more experiments in the fields of physiology and related disciplines (biology, pharmacology, genetics, molecular biology, etc.) are required to gain a full understanding of the function and applications of this intriguing molecule.
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