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Yi J, Wan J, Tielbörger K, Tao Z, Siemann E, Huang W. Specialist reassociation and residence time modulate the evolution of defense in invasive plants: A meta-analysis. Ecology 2024; 105:e4253. [PMID: 38272490 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Invasive plants typically escape specialist herbivores but are often attacked by generalist herbivores in their introduced ranges. The shifting defense hypothesis suggests that this will cause invasive plants to evolve lower resistance against specialists, higher resistance against generalists, and greater tolerance to herbivore damage. However, the duration and direction of selective pressures can shape the evolutionary responses of resistance and tolerance for invasive plants. Two critical factors are (1) residence time (length of time that an invasive species has been in its introduced range) and (2) specialist herbivore reassociation (attack by purposely or accidentally introduced specialists). Yet, these two factors have not been considered simultaneously in previous quantitative syntheses. Here, we performed a meta-analysis with 367 effect sizes from 70 studies of 35 invasive plant species from native and invasive populations. We tested how the residence time of invasive plant species and specialist reassociation in their introduced ranges affected evolutionary responses of defenses against specialists and generalists, including herbivore resistance traits (physical barriers, digestibility reducers and toxins), resistance effects (performance of and damage caused by specialists or generalists) and tolerance to damage (from specialists or generalists). We found that residence time and specialist reassociation each significantly altered digestibility reducers, specialist performance, generalist damage, and tolerance to specialist damage. Furthermore, residence time and specialist reassociation strongly altered toxins and generalist performance, respectively. When we restricted consideration to invasive plant species with both longer residence times and no reassociation with specialists, invasive populations had lower resistance to specialists, similar resistance to generalists, and higher tolerance to damage from both herbivore types, compared with native populations. We conclude that the duration and direction of selective pressure shape the evolutionary responses of invasive plants. Under long-term (long residence time) and stable (no specialist reassociation) selective pressure, invasive plants generally decrease resistance to specialists and increase tolerance to generalist damage that provides mixed support for the shifting defense hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Tielbörger
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zhibin Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution and Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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2
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Núñez-Farfán J, Velázquez-Márquez S, Torres-García JR, De-la-Cruz IM, Arroyo J, Valverde PL, Flores-Ortiz CM, Hernández-Portilla LB, López-Cobos DE, Matías JD. A Trip Back Home: Resistance to Herbivores of Native and Non-Native Plant Populations of Datura stramonium. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:131. [PMID: 38202439 PMCID: PMC10780412 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
When colonizing new ranges, plant populations may benefit from the absence of the checks imposed by the enemies, herbivores, and pathogens that regulated their numbers in their original range. Therefore, rates of plant damage or infestation by natural enemies are expected to be lower in the new range. Exposing both non-native and native plant populations in the native range, where native herbivores are present, can be used to test whether resistance mechanisms have diverged between populations. Datura stramonium is native to the Americas but widely distributed in Spain, where populations show lower herbivore damage than populations in the native range. We established experiments in two localities in the native range (Mexico), exposing two native and two non-native D. stramonium populations to natural herbivores. Plant performance differed between the localities, as did the abundance of the main specialist herbivore, Lema daturaphila. In Teotihuacán, where L. daturaphila is common, native plants had significantly more adult beetles and herbivore damage than non-native plants. The degree of infestation by the specialist seed predator Trichobaris soror differed among populations and between sites, but the native Ticumán population always had the lowest level of infestation. The Ticumán population also had the highest concentration of the alkaloid scopolamine. Scopolamine was negatively related to the number of eggs deposited by L. daturaphila in Teotihuacán. There was among-family variation in herbivore damage (resistance), alkaloid content (scopolamine), and infestation by L. daturaphila and T. soror, indicating genetic variation and potential for further evolution. Although native and non-native D. stramonium populations have not yet diverged in plant resistance/constitutive defense, the differences between ranges (and the two experimental sites) in the type and abundance of herbivores suggest that further research is needed on the role of resource availability and adaptive plasticity, specialized metabolites (induced, constitutive), and the relationship between genealogical origin and plant defense in both ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Núñez-Farfán
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.V.-M.); (J.R.T.-G.); (I.M.D.-l.-C.); (D.E.L.-C.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Sabina Velázquez-Márquez
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.V.-M.); (J.R.T.-G.); (I.M.D.-l.-C.); (D.E.L.-C.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Jesús R. Torres-García
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.V.-M.); (J.R.T.-G.); (I.M.D.-l.-C.); (D.E.L.-C.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Ivan M. De-la-Cruz
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.V.-M.); (J.R.T.-G.); (I.M.D.-l.-C.); (D.E.L.-C.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Juan Arroyo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Pedro L. Valverde
- Departament of Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09310, Mexico;
| | - César M. Flores-Ortiz
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, UBIPRO, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico; (C.M.F.-O.); (L.B.H.-P.)
| | - Luis B. Hernández-Portilla
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, UBIPRO, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico; (C.M.F.-O.); (L.B.H.-P.)
| | - Diana E. López-Cobos
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.V.-M.); (J.R.T.-G.); (I.M.D.-l.-C.); (D.E.L.-C.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Javier D. Matías
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (S.V.-M.); (J.R.T.-G.); (I.M.D.-l.-C.); (D.E.L.-C.); (J.D.M.)
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3
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Xu Y, Guo Y, Bai Y, Liu Y, Wang Y. Soil nutrient limitation and natural enemies promote the establishment of alien species in native communities. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10853. [PMID: 38259957 PMCID: PMC10803180 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The invasion of alien plant species threatens the composition and diversity of native communities. However, the invasiveness of alien plants and the resilience of native communities are dependent on the interactions between biotic and abiotic factors, such as natural enemies and nutrient availability. In our study, we simulated the invasion of nine invasive plant species into native plant communities using two levels of nutrient availability and suppression of natural enemies. We evaluated the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the response of alien target species and the resistance of native communities to invasion. The results showed that the presence of enemies (enemy release) increased the biomass proportion of alien plants while decreasing that of native communities in the absence of nutrient addition. Furthermore, we also found that the negative effect of enemy suppression on the evenness of the native community and the root-to-shoot ratio of alien target species was greatest under nutrient addition. Therefore, nutrient-poor and natural enemies might promote the invasive success of alien species in native communities, whereas nutrient addition and enemy suppression can better enhance the resistance of native plant communities to invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Han Xu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yu‐Jian Guo
- College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yan‐Feng Bai
- Research Institute of ForestryChinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Liu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yong‐Jian Wang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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He J, Xiao Y, Yimingniyazi A. Effect of Parasitic Native Plant Cuscuta australis on Growth and Competitive Ability of Two Invasive Xanthium Plants. BIOLOGY 2023; 13:23. [PMID: 38248454 PMCID: PMC10813136 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The competitive ability of invasive plants is a key factor in their successful invasion, and research on this ability of invasive plants can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of invasive plants. This study used Cuscuta australis, Xanthium spinosum, and Xanthium italicum as research materials and conducted outdoor controlled pot experiments to compare and study the changes in the biomass, competitiveness, and growth cycle of X. spinosum and X. italicum parasitized by C. australis at different growth stages. The results showed that (1) parasitism by C. australis increased the biomass of X. spinosum and decreased that of X. italicum, but under parasitism, the root cap ratio of X. spinosum and X. italicum increased, and the fruit biomass ratio decreased, indicating that X. spinosum and X. italicum reduced the energy input for reproduction and increased the energy input for nutrient growth to resist the impact of C. australis parasitism; (2) the relative competitive intensity calculated based on the total biomass of a single plant showed a negative value for X. spinosum during parasitism at the flowering and fruit stages, indicating an increase in competitive ability, and X. italicum showed a positive value during parasitism at the seedling and flowering stages, indicating a decrease in competitive ability; and (3) the parasitism of C. australis significantly shortened the fruit stage of X. spinosum and X. italicum, leading to a significant advance in their flowering, fruiting, and fruit ripening times. Simultaneously, it significantly reduced the morphological indicators of biomass, plant height, and crown width. Thus, C. australis parasitism has a certain inhibitory effect on the competitive ability of some invasive plants and can shorten their growth cycle, the latter of which has an important impact on their reproduction and diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiao He
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of the Ministry of Education in Western Arid Desert Region, College of Grassland Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yongkang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of the Ministry of Education in Western Arid Desert Region, College of Grassland Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (J.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Amanula Yimingniyazi
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environment Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety, Urumqi 830091, China
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5
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Brian JI, Catford JA. A mechanistic framework of enemy release. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:2147-2166. [PMID: 37921034 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The enemy release hypothesis (ERH) is the best-known hypothesis explaining high performance (e.g. rapid population growth) of exotic species. However, the current framing of the ERH does not explicitly link evidence of enemy release with exotic performance. This leads to uncertainty regarding the role of enemy release in biological invasions. Here, we demonstrate that the effect of enemy release on exotic performance is the product of three factors: enemy impact, enemy diversity, and host adaptation. These factors are modulated by seven contexts: time since introduction, resource availability, phylogenetic relatedness of exotic and native species, host-enemy asynchronicity, number of introduction events, type of enemy, and strength of growth-defence trade-offs. ERH-focused studies frequently test different factors under different contexts. This can lead to inconsistent findings, which typifies current evidence for the ERH. For example, over 80% of meta-analyses fail to consider ecological contexts which can alter study findings; we demonstrate this by re-analysing a recent ERH synthesis. Structuring the ERH around factors and contexts promotes generalisable predictions about when and where exotic species may benefit from enemy release, empowering effective management. Our mechanistic factor-context framework clearly lays out the evidence required to support the ERH, unifies many enemy-related invasion hypotheses, and enhances predictive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua I Brian
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jane A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
- Fenner School of Environment & Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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6
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Ismail M, Siemann E, Ding J. Behavior of higher trophic levels associated with an invasive plant varies among populations. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:870-878. [PMID: 37530696 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Invasive plants from their native and introduced ranges differ in their interactions with herbivores but it is not known whether they also vary in their interactions with herbivore natural enemies. Here, we used olfactometer bioassays and cage experiments to investigate how foraging behaviors of 2 parasitoid and 1 hyperparasitoid species depended on plant population origin. Triadica sebifera (Euphorbiaceae) is native to China but invasive in the United States. In China, it is fed on by a specialist noctuid Gadirtha fusca (Lepidoptera: Nolidae), which hosts a parasitoid Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera: Microgastinae) and hyperparasitoid (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) plus a generalist aphid Toxoptera odinae (Homoptera: Aphidiidae) parasitized by Lysiphlebus confusus (Hymenoptera: Aphidiinae). Both parasitoids preferred plants infested by their host over herbivore-free plants in olfactometer bioassays. Apanteles sp. and Eurytomid wasps preferred G. fusca infested plants from China populations over those from US populations in olfactometer bioassays but L. confusus wasps did not discriminate between T. odinae infested plants from China vs. US populations. Similarly, G. fusca caterpillars on China population plants were more likely to be parasitized than ones on US population plants when they were in the same cage but odds of parasitism for T. odinae did not differ for those on China vs. US population plants. These results suggest that populations from the native and introduced ranges may differ in traits that impact higher trophic levels. This may have implications for successful control of invasive plants as biocontrol agents are introduced or herbivores begin to feed on them in their introduced ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohannad Ismail
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Jianqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
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7
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Sun X, Sun Y, Cao X, Zhai X, Callaway RM, Wan J, Flory SL, Huang W, Ding J. Trade-offs in non-native plant herbivore defences enhance performance. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1584-1596. [PMID: 37387416 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-native plants are typically released from specialist enemies but continue to be attacked by generalists, albeit at lower intensities. This reduced herbivory may lead to less investment in constitutive defences and greater investment in induced defences, potentially reducing defence costs. We compared herbivory on 27 non-native and 59 native species in the field and conducted bioassays and chemical analyses on 12 pairs of non-native and native congeners. Non-natives suffered less damage and had weaker constitutive defences, but stronger induced defences than natives. For non-natives, the strength of constitutive defences was correlated with the intensity of herbivory experienced, whereas induced defences showed the reverse. Investment in induced defences correlated positively with growth, suggesting a novel mechanism for the evolution of increased competitive ability. To our knowledge, these are the first linkages reported among trade-offs in plant defences related to the intensity of herbivory, allocation to constitutive versus induced defences, and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yumei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xueyao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xincong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ragan M Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Jinlong Wan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - S Luke Flory
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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8
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Boardman L, Lockwood JL, Angilletta MJ, Krause JS, Lau JA, Loik ME, Simberloff D, Thawley CJ, Meyerson LA. The Future of Invasion Science Needs Physiology. Bioscience 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Incorporating physiology into models of population dynamics will improve our understanding of how and why invasions succeed and cause ecological impacts, whereas others fail or remain innocuous. Targeting both organismal physiologists and invasion scientists, we detail how physiological processes affect every invasion stage, for both plants and animals, and how physiological data can be better used for studying the spatial dynamics and ecological effects of invasive species. We suggest six steps to quantify the physiological functions related to demography of nonnative species: justifying physiological traits of interest, determining ecologically appropriate time frames, identifying relevant abiotic variables, designing experimental treatments that capture covariation between abiotic variables, measuring physiological responses to these abiotic variables, and fitting statistical models to the data. We also provide brief guidance on approaches to modeling invasions. Finally, we emphasize the benefits of integrating research between communities of physiologists and invasion scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Boardman
- Department of Biological Sciences and with the Center for Biodiversity Research, University of Memphis , Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Julie L Lockwood
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources at Rutgers University , New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Michael J Angilletta
- School of Life Sciences and with the Center for Learning Innovation in Science, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona, United States
| | - Jesse S Krause
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada , Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Jennifer A Lau
- Department of Biology, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indian, United States
| | - Michael E Loik
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California , Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States
| | - Daniel Simberloff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Christopher J Thawley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island , Kingston, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Laura A Meyerson
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island , Kingston, Rhode Island, United States
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Oduor AMO. Invasive plant species that experience lower herbivory pressure may evolve lower diversities of chemical defense compounds in the exotic range. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1382-1393. [PMID: 36000500 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Invasive plant species often escape from specialist herbivores and are more likely to be attacked by generalist herbivores in the exotic range. Consequently, the shifting defense hypothesis predicts that invasive plants will produce higher concentrations of qualitative defense compounds to deter dominant generalist herbivores in the exotic range. Here, I additionally propose a reduced chemical diversity hypothesis (RCDH), which predicts that reduced herbivory pressure will select for invasive plant genotypes that produce lower diversities of chemical defense compounds in the exotic range. METHODS I tested whether (1) invasive Brassica nigra populations express a lower diversity and an overall higher concentration of glucosinolate compounds than native-range B. nigra; (2) Brassica nigra individuals that express high diversities and concentrations of glucosinolate compounds are more attractive to specialist and deterrent to generalist herbivores; and (3) tissues of invasive B. nigra are less palatable than tissues of native-range B. nigra to the generalist herbivores Theba pisana and Helix aspersa. RESULTS Invasive B. nigra populations produced a significantly lower diversity of glucosinolate compounds, a marginally higher concentration of total glucosinolates, and a significantly higher concentration of sinigrin (the dominant glucosinolate). Leaf tissues of invasive B. nigra were significantly less palatable to T. pisana and marginally less so to H. aspersa. Brassica nigra individuals that expressed high concentrations of total glucosinolate compounds were visited by a low diversity of generalist herbivore species in the field. CONCLUSIONS In line with the RCDH, the lower diversity of glucosinolate compounds produced by invasive B. nigra populations likely resulted from selection imposed by reduced herbivory pressure in the exotic range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayub M O Oduor
- Department of Applied Biology, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
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10
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Callaway RM, Lucero JE, Hierro JL, Lortie CJ. The
EICA
is dead? Long live the
EICA
! Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2289-2302. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ragan M. Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
| | - Jacob E. Lucero
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana USA
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico USA
| | - José L. Hierro
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Biogeografía y Evolución Vegetal (LEByEV) Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)‐Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam) Santa Rosa Argentina
- Departamento de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UNLPam Santa Rosa Argentina
| | - C. J. Lortie
- Department of Biology York University Toronto Ontario Canada
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11
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Oduor AMO, Adomako MO, Yuan Y, Li JM. Older populations of the invader Solidago canadensis exhibit stronger positive plant-soil feedbacks and competitive ability in China. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1230-1241. [PMID: 35819013 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The enemy release hypothesis predicts that release from natural enemies, including soil-borne pathogens, liberates invasive plants from a negative regulating force. Nevertheless, invasive plants may acquire novel enemies and mutualists in the introduced range, which may cause variable effects on invader growth. However, how soil microorganisms may influence competitive ability of invasive plants along invasion chronosequences has been little explored. METHODS Using the invasive plant Solidago canadensis, we tested whether longer residence times are associated with stronger negative plant-soil feedbacks and thus weaker competitive abilities at the individual level. We grew S. canadensis individuals from 36 populations with different residence times across southeastern China in competition versus no competition and in three different types of soils: (1) conspecific rhizospheric soils; (2) soils from uninvaded patches; and (3) sterilized soil. For our competitor treatments, we constructed synthetic communities of four native species (Bidens parviflora, Solanum nigrum, Kalimeris indica, and Mosla scabra), which naturally co-occur with Solidago canadensis in the field. RESULTS Solidago canadensis populations with longer residence times experienced stronger positive plant-soil feedbacks and had greater competitive responses (i.e., produced greater above-ground biomass and grew taller) in conspecific rhizospheric soils than in sterilized or uninvaded soils. Moreover, S. canadensis from older populations significantly suppressed above-ground biomass of the native communities in rhizospheric and uninvaded soils but not in sterilized soil. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that older populations of S. canadensis experience stronger positive plant-soil feedbacks, which may enhance their competitive ability against native plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayub M O Oduor
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
- Department of Applied Biology, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box, 52428, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michael Opoku Adomako
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Yongge Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jun-Min Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
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12
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Woods EC, Sultan SE. Post-introduction evolution of a rapid life-history strategy in a newly invasive plant. Ecology 2022; 103:e3803. [PMID: 35796712 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A central question in invasion biology is whether adaptive trait evolution following species introduction promotes invasiveness. A growing number of common-garden experiments document phenotypic differences between native- and introduced-range plants, suggesting that adaptive evolution in the new range may indeed contribute to the success of invasive plants. Yet these studies are often subject to methodological pitfalls, resulting in weak evidence for post-introduction adaptive trait evolution and leaving uncertain its role in the invasion process. In a common-garden glasshouse study, we compared the growth, life-history, and reproductive traits of 35 native- and introduced-range Polygonum cespitosum populations. We used complementary approaches including climate-matching, standardizing parental conditions, selection analysis, and testing for trait-environment relationships to determine whether traits that increase invasiveness adaptively evolved in the species' new range. We found that the majority of introduced-range populations exhibited a novel trait syndrome consisting of a fast-paced life history and concomitant sparse, reduced growth form. Selection analysis confirmed that this trait syndrome led to markedly higher fitness (propagule production) over a limited growing season characteristic of regions within the introduced range. Additionally, several growth and reproductive traits showed temperature-based clines consistent with adaptive evolution in the new range. Combined, these results indicate that, subsequent to its introduction to North America over 100 generations ago, P. cespitosum has evolved key traits that maximize propagule production. These changes may in part explain the species' recent transition to invasiveness, illustrating how post-introduction evolution may contribute to the invasion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Woods
- Biology Dept., Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sonia E Sultan
- Biology Dept., Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, USA
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13
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Hierro JL, Eren Ö, Čuda J, Meyerson LA. Evolution of increased competitive ability (
EICA
) may explain dominance of introduced species in ruderal communities. ECOL MONOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José L. Hierro
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Biogeografía y Evolución Vegetal (LEByEV) Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (INCITAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)‐Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam) Santa Rosa Argentina
- Departamento de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UNLPam
| | - Özkan Eren
- Aydin Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Fen‐Edebiyat Fakültesi Aydın Turkey
| | - Jan Čuda
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Laura A. Meyerson
- The University of Rhode Island, Department of Natural Resources Science Kingston RI USA
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14
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Neinavaie F, Ibrahim-Hashim A, Kramer AM, Brown JS, Richards CL. The Genomic Processes of Biological Invasions: From Invasive Species to Cancer Metastases and Back Again. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.681100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of invasion is useful across a broad range of contexts, spanning from the fine scale landscape of cancer tumors up to the broader landscape of ecosystems. Invasion biology provides extraordinary opportunities for studying the mechanistic basis of contemporary evolution at the molecular level. Although the field of invasion genetics was established in ecology and evolution more than 50 years ago, there is still a limited understanding of how genomic level processes translate into invasive phenotypes across different taxa in response to complex environmental conditions. This is largely because the study of most invasive species is limited by information about complex genome level processes. We lack good reference genomes for most species. Rigorous studies to examine genomic processes are generally too costly. On the contrary, cancer studies are fortified with extensive resources for studying genome level dynamics and the interactions among genetic and non-genetic mechanisms. Extensive analysis of primary tumors and metastatic samples have revealed the importance of several genomic mechanisms including higher mutation rates, specific types of mutations, aneuploidy or whole genome doubling and non-genetic effects. Metastatic sites can be directly compared to primary tumor cell counterparts. At the same time, clonal dynamics shape the genomics and evolution of metastatic cancers. Clonal diversity varies by cancer type, and the tumors’ donor and recipient tissues. Still, the cancer research community has been unable to identify any common events that provide a universal predictor of “metastatic potential” which parallels findings in evolutionary ecology. Instead, invasion in cancer studies depends strongly on context, including order of events and clonal composition. The detailed studies of the behavior of a variety of human cancers promises to inform our understanding of genome level dynamics in the diversity of invasive species and provide novel insights for management.
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15
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Allen WJ, Waller LP, Barratt BIP, Dickie IA, Tylianakis JM. Exotic plants accumulate and share herbivores yet dominate communities via rapid growth. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2696. [PMID: 33976206 PMCID: PMC8113582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbivores may facilitate or impede exotic plant invasion, depending on their direct and indirect interactions with exotic plants relative to co-occurring natives. However, previous studies investigating direct effects have mostly used pairwise native-exotic comparisons with few enemies, reached conflicting conclusions, and largely overlooked indirect interactions such as apparent competition. Here, we ask whether native and exotic plants differ in their interactions with invertebrate herbivores. We manipulate and measure plant-herbivore and plant-soil biota interactions in 160 experimental mesocosm communities to test several invasion hypotheses. We find that compared with natives, exotic plants support higher herbivore diversity and biomass, and experience larger proportional biomass reductions from herbivory, regardless of whether specialist soil biota are present. Yet, exotics consistently dominate community biomass, likely due to their fast growth rates rather than strong potential to exert apparent competition on neighbors. We conclude that polyphagous invertebrate herbivores are unlikely to play significant direct or indirect roles in mediating plant invasions, especially for fast-growing exotic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warwick J Allen
- The Bio-Protection Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
- The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand.
| | - Lauren P Waller
- The Bio-Protection Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Barbara I P Barratt
- AgResearch, Invermay Research Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ian A Dickie
- The Bio-Protection Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jason M Tylianakis
- The Bio-Protection Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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16
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Egbon IN, Paterson ID, Compton S, Hill M. Evolution of growth traits in invasive Pereskia aculeata (Cactaceae): testing the EICA hypothesis using its specialist herbivore, Catorhintha schaffneri (Coreidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:4046-4056. [PMID: 32537809 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species introduced into new habitats are fitter than their native populations, as hypothesized by the 'evolution of increased competitive ability' (EICA). Here, Pereskia aculeata Miller was used as a model to test EICA and explore how 'enemy release' may have influenced the invasion success of its 400-year-old introduced populations (genotypes) compared with native populations. Plant growth traits (height and shoot length) of 15 genotypes [four from the introduced range (South Africa) and 11 from the native range (Brazil and Argentina, Venezuela and The Dominican Republic)] were assessed. Damage and impact of a shoot-feeding, sap-sucking specialist Catorhintha schaffneri Brailovsky & Garcia on ten genotypes were also compared. RESULTS All but one of the invasive genotypes were significantly taller than native genotypes. Although the invasive genotypes were relatively more damaged by herbivory than some of the native genotypes, the observed differences were not explained completely by their origins. Nonetheless, the findings partially supported the predictions of the EICA hypothesis because invasive genotypes were generally taller than native genotypes, but did not fully support the hypothesis because they were not always more damaged than the native genotypes by C. schaffneri. CONCLUSION Invasive genotypes had an advantage in the introduced range as they can climb neighbouring vegetation more quickly than native genotypes, but the damage incurred by the invasive genotypes relative to the native genotypes suggests only that C. schaffneri would be as damaging in South Africa, where it serves as a biocontrol agent, as it is in its native distribution in Brazil. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikponmwosa N Egbon
- Centre for Biological Control, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, PMB 1154 Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Iain D Paterson
- Centre for Biological Control, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Stephen Compton
- Centre for Biological Control, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
- Ecology and Evolution Department, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Martin Hill
- Centre for Biological Control, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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17
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Si C, Alpert P, Zhang JF, Lin J, Wang YY, Hong MM, Roiloa SR, Yu FH. Capacity for clonal integration in introduced versus native clones of the invasive plant Hydrocotyle vulgaris. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:141056. [PMID: 32717606 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Clonal plants can make up a disproportionately high number of the introduced, invasive plant species in a region. Physiological integration of connected ramets within clones is a key ecological advantage of clonal growth. To ask whether clonal integration underlies the invasiveness of clonal plants, we tested the hypothesis that introduced clones of an invasive species will show higher capacity for integration than native clones of the same species. We conduct a greenhouse experiment on the widespread, perennial herb Hydrocotyle vulgaris. Clonal fragments consisting of pairs of connected ramets from seven sites in northwestern Spain where the species is native and seven sites in southeastern China where the species is introduced and invasive were grown for 79 days with the younger, apical ramet shaded to 30% of ambient light and the connection between ramets either severed or left intact. Severance decreased the final dry mass and ramet number of the apical ramet and its offspring in nearly all clones and increased the mass or ramet number of the basal portion of the fragment in about half of the clones, but these effects did not differ consistently between native and introduced clones. Severance did affect allocation more in introduced than in native clones, decreasing root/total mass more in apical portions and increasing it more in basal portions. Maintaining the connection between ramets caused introduced, but not native, clonal fragments to produce more leaf and less root mass and thus to lower allocation to roots. Regardless of severance, introduced clones accumulated about twice as much mass as native clones. Results suggest that introduced clones of a species can show greater effects of integration on allocation than native clones. In species such as H. vulgaris, this might increase competitiveness for light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Si
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peter Alpert
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jian-Feng Zhang
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Yi-Yue Wang
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Meng-Meng Hong
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Sergio R Roiloa
- BioCost Group, Biology Department, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña 15071, Spain
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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18
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Lucero JE, Arab NM, Meyer ST, Pal RW, Fletcher RA, Nagy DU, Callaway RM, Weisser WW. Escape from natural enemies depends on the enemies, the invader, and competition. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10818-10828. [PMID: 33072298 PMCID: PMC7548199 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The enemy release hypothesis (ERH) attributes the success of some exotic plant species to reduced top‐down effects of natural enemies in the non‐native range relative to the native range. Many studies have tested this idea, but very few have considered the simultaneous effects of multiple kinds of enemies on more than one invasive species in both the native and non‐native ranges. Here, we examined the effects of two important groups of natural enemies–insect herbivores and soil biota–on the performance of Tanacetum vulgare (native to Europe but invasive in the USA) and Solidago canadensis (native to the USA but invasive in Europe) in their native and non‐native ranges, and in the presence and absence of competition. In the field, we replicated full‐factorial experiments that crossed insecticide, T. vulgare–S. canadensis competition, and biogeographic range (Europe vs. USA) treatments. In greenhouses, we replicated full‐factorial experiments that crossed soil sterilization, plant–soil feedback, and biogeographic range treatments. We evaluated the effects of experimental treatments on T. vulgare and S. canadensis biomass. The effects of natural enemies were idiosyncratic. In the non‐native range and relative to populations in the native range, T. vulgare escaped the negative effects of insect herbivores but not soil biota, depending upon the presence of S. canadensis; and S. canadensis escaped the negative effects of soil biota but not insect herbivores, regardless of competition. Thus, biogeographic escape from natural enemies depended upon the enemies, the invader, and competition.
Synthesis: By explicitly testing the ERH in terms of more than one kind of enemy, more than one invader, and more than one continent, this study enhances our nuanced perspective of how natural enemies can influence the performance of invasive species in their native and non‐native ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nafiseh Mahdavi Arab
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Sebastian T Meyer
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Robert W Pal
- Department of Biological Sciences Montana Technological University Butte MT USA.,Institute of Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Pecs Pecs Hungary
| | - Rebecca A Fletcher
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA
| | - David U Nagy
- Institute of Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Pecs Pecs Hungary
| | - Ragan M Callaway
- Divison of Biological Sciences and the Institute on Ecosystems University of Montana Missoula MT USA
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
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19
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Stastny M, Russell-Mercier JL, Sargent RD. No evidence that rapid adaptation impedes biological control of an invasive plant. Evol Appl 2020; 13:2472-2483. [PMID: 33005235 PMCID: PMC7513728 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological control is a popular tool for invasive species management, but its success in nature is difficult to predict. One risk is that invasive plants, which may have adapted to lower herbivore pressure in the introduced range, could rapidly evolve defences upon re-association with their biocontrol agent(s). Previous studies have demonstrated that populations of the invasive plant purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) exposed to biocontrol exhibit traits consistent with the rapid evolution of defence. However, to date, no one has tested this hypothesis under field-natural levels of herbivory. Using seed from 17 populations of purple loosestrife growing in eastern Canada, that varied in their history of exposure to their biocontrol agent, the leaf beetle Neogalerucella spp., we transplanted 1,088 seedlings from 136 maternal families into a common garden under ambient herbivory. Over the following three and half years, we assessed plant performance in the face of biocontrol by measuring early-season plant size, defoliation, flowering, and season-end biomass. We discovered that a population history with biocontrol explained little variation in herbivory or plant performance, suggesting that adaptation is not hindering biocontrol effectiveness. Instead, plant size, subsequent defoliation, and spatio-temporal variables were the main predictors of plant growth and flowering during the study. The high individual variability we observed in plant performance underscores that flexible strategies of allocation and phenology are important contributors to the persistence of invasive plants. Our findings suggest that plant adaptation to biocontrol is unlikely to be a strong impediment to biological control in this species, however, the high survival and variable defoliation of plants in our study also indicate that biocontrol alone is unlikely to result in significant population decline. We recommend that the application of multiple forms of control simultaneously (e.g. thinning plus biocontrol) could help to prevent the existence of refuges of large, reproductive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stastny
- Department of Biology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
| | | | - R D Sargent
- Department of Biology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
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20
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Pal RW, Maron JL, Nagy DU, Waller LP, Tosto A, Liao H, Callaway RM. What happens in Europe stays in Europe: apparent evolution by an invader does not help at home. Ecology 2020; 101:e03072. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Pal
- Department of Biological Sciences Montana Technological University Butte Montana 59701 USA
- Institute of Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Pecs H‐7624 Pecs Hungary
| | - John L. Maron
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on Ecosystems The University of Montana Missoula Montana 59812 USA
| | - David U. Nagy
- Institute of Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Pecs H‐7624 Pecs Hungary
| | - Lauren P. Waller
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on Ecosystems The University of Montana Missoula Montana 59812 USA
| | - Ambra Tosto
- Centre for Crop System Analysis Wageningen University 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Huixuan Liao
- School of Life Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ragan M. Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on Ecosystems The University of Montana Missoula Montana 59812 USA
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21
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Ollivier M, Kazakou E, Corbin M, Sartori K, Gooden B, Lesieur V, Thomann T, Martin JF, Tixier MS. Trait differentiation between native and introduced populations of the invasive plant Sonchus oleraceus L. (Asteraceae). NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.55.49158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that rapid adaptation to novel environments drives successful establishment and spread of invasive plant species. However, the mechanisms driving trait adaptation, such as selection pressure from novel climate niche envelopes, remain poorly tested at global scales. In this study, we investigated differences in 20 traits (relating to growth, resource acquisition, reproduction, phenology and defence) amongst 14 populations of the herbaceous plant Sonchus oleraceus L. (Asteraceae) across its native (Europe and North Africa) and introduced (Australia and New Zealand) ranges. We compared traits amongst populations grown under standard glasshouse conditions. Introduced S. oleraceus plants seemed to outperform native plants, i.e. possessing higher leaf and stem dry matter content, greater number of leaves and were taller at first flowering stage. Although introduced plants produced fewer seeds, they had a higher germination rate than native plants. We found strong evidence for adaptation along temperature and precipitation gradients for several traits (e.g. shoot height, biomass, leaf and stem dry matter contents increased with minimum temperatures, while germination rate decreased with annual precipitations and temperatures), which suggests that similar selective forces shape populations in both the native and invaded ranges. We detected significant shifts in the relationships (i.e. trade-offs) (i) between plant height and flowering time and (ii) between leaf-stem biomass and grain yield between native and introduced plants, indicating that invasion was associated with changes to life-history dynamics that may confer competitive advantages over native vegetation. Specifically, we found that, at first flowering, introduced plants tended to be taller than native ones and that investment in leaf and stem biomass was greater in introduced than in native plants for equivalent levels of grain yield. Our study has demonstrated that climatic conditions may drive rapid adaption to novel environments in invasive plant species.
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Sun Y, Ding J, Siemann E, Keller SR. Biocontrol of invasive weeds under climate change: progress, challenges and management implications. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 38:72-78. [PMID: 32200301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and impact of plant invasions, creating a need for new control strategies as part of mitigation planning. The complex interactions between invasive plants and biocontrol agents have created distinct policy and management challenges, including the effectiveness and risk assessment of biocontrol under different climate change scenarios. In this brief review, we synthesize recent studies describing the potential ecological and evolutionary outcomes for biocontrol agents/candidates for plant invaders under climate change. We also discuss potential methodologies that can be used as a framework for predicting ecological and evolutionary responses of plant-natural enemy interactions under climate change, and for refining our understanding of the efficacy and risk of using biocontrol on invasive plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Biology/Ecology & Evolution, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Jianqing Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Biosciences Department, Rice University, Houston, TX USA
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23
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Castillo G, Calahorra‐Oliart A, Núñez‐Farfán J, Valverde PL, Arroyo J, Cruz LL, Tapia‐López R. Selection on tropane alkaloids in native and non-native populations of Datura stramonium. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10176-10184. [PMID: 31632642 PMCID: PMC6787939 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Theories of plant invasion based on enemy release in a new range assume that selection exerted by specialist herbivores on defence traits should be reduced, absent, or even selected against in the new environment. Here, we measured phenotypic selection on atropine and scopolamine concentration of Datura stramonium in eight native (Mexico) and 14 non-native (Spain) populations. Native populations produced between 20 and 40 times more alkaloid than non-native populations (atropine: 2.0171 vs. 0.0458 mg/g; scopolamine: 1.004 vs. 0.0488 mg/g, respectively). Selection on alkaloids was negative for atropine and positive for scopolamine concentration in both ranges. However, the effect sizes of selection gradients were only significant in the native range. Our results support the assumption that the reduction of plant defence in the absence of the plant's natural enemies in invasive ranges is driven by natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Castillo
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Mexico CityMexico
- Present address:
Facultad de Enología y GastronomíaUniversidad Autónoma de Baja CaliforniaBaja CaliforniaMéxico
| | - Adriana Calahorra‐Oliart
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Mexico CityMexico
| | - Juan Núñez‐Farfán
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Mexico CityMexico
| | - Pedro L. Valverde
- Departamento de BiologíaUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐IztapalapaMexico CityMexico
| | - Juan Arroyo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y EcologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Laura L. Cruz
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Mexico CityMexico
| | - Rosalinda Tapia‐López
- Departamento de Ecología EvolutivaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Mexico CityMexico
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25
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Montesinos D, Graebner RC, Callaway RM. Evidence for evolution of increased competitive ability for invasive Centaurea solstitialis, but not for naturalized C. calcitrapa. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1807-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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