1
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Calzuola ST, Newman G, Feaugas T, Perrault CM, Blondé JB, Roy E, Porrini C, Stojanovic GM, Vidic J. Membrane-based microfluidic systems for medical and biological applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024. [PMID: 38954466 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00251b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices with integrated membranes that enable control of mass transport in constrained environments have shown considerable growth over the last decade. Membranes are a key component in several industrial processes such as chemical, pharmaceutical, biotechnological, food, and metallurgy separation processes as well as waste management applications, allowing for modular and compact systems. Moreover, the miniaturization of a process through microfluidic devices leads to process intensification together with reagents, waste and cost reduction, and energy and space savings. The combination of membrane technology and microfluidic devices allows therefore magnification of their respective advantages, providing more valuable solutions not only for industrial processes but also for reproducing biological processes. This review focuses on membrane-based microfluidic devices for biomedical science with an emphasis on microfluidic artificial organs and organs-on-chip. We provide the basic concepts of membrane technology and the laws governing mass transport. The role of the membrane in biomedical microfluidic devices, along with the required properties, available materials, and current challenges are summarized. We believe that the present review may be a starting point and a resource for researchers who aim to replicate a biological phenomenon on-chip by applying membrane technology, for moving forward the biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tea Calzuola
- UMR7646 Laboratoire d'hydrodynamique (LadHyX), Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France.
- Eden Tech, Paris, France
| | - Gwenyth Newman
- Eden Tech, Paris, France
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Feaugas
- Eden Tech, Paris, France
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Goran M Stojanovic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, T. D. Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Vidic
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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2
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Rane A, Tate S, Sumey JL, Zhong Q, Zong H, Purow B, Caliari SR, Swami NS. Open-Top Patterned Hydrogel-Laden 3D Glioma Cell Cultures for Creation of Dynamic Chemotactic Gradients to Direct Cell Migration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3470-3477. [PMID: 38652035 PMCID: PMC11094679 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The laminar flow profiles in microfluidic systems coupled to rapid diffusion at flow streamlines have been widely utilized to create well-controlled chemical gradients in cell cultures for spatially directing cell migration. However, within hydrogel-based closed microfluidic systems of limited depth (≤0.1 mm), the biomechanical cues for the cell culture are dominated by cell interactions with channel surfaces rather than with the hydrogel microenvironment. Also, leaching of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) constituents in closed systems and the adsorption of small molecules to PDMS alter chemotactic profiles. To address these limitations, we present the patterning and integration of a PDMS-free open fluidic system, wherein the cell-laden hydrogel directly adjoins longitudinal channels that are designed to create chemotactic gradients across the 3D culture width, while maintaining uniformity across its ∼1 mm depth to enhance cell-biomaterial interactions. This hydrogel-based open fluidic system is assessed for its ability to direct migration of U87 glioma cells using a hybrid hydrogel that includes hyaluronic acid (HA) to mimic the brain tumor microenvironment and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) to offer the adhesion motifs for promoting cell migration. Chemotactic gradients to induce cell migration across the hydrogel width are assessed using the chemokine CXCL12, and its inhibition by AMD3100 is validated. This open-top hydrogel-based fluidic system to deliver chemoattractant cues over square-centimeter-scale areas and millimeter-scale depths can potentially serve as a robust screening platform to assess emerging glioma models and chemotherapeutic agents to eradicate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Rane
- Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Steven Tate
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jenna L. Sumey
- Chemical
Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Qing Zhong
- Neurology,
School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Hui Zong
- Microbiology,
Immunology & Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Benjamin Purow
- Neurology,
School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Steven R. Caliari
- Chemical
Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Biomedical
Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Nathan S. Swami
- Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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3
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Chang DM, Hsu HH, Ko PL, Chang WJ, Hsieh TH, Wu HM, Tung YC. Rapid time-lapse 3D oxygen tension measurements within hydrogels using widefield frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) and image segmentation. Analyst 2024; 149:1727-1737. [PMID: 38375547 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01625k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the influence of oxygen tension on cellular functions and behaviors is crucial for investigating various physiological and pathological conditions. In vitro cell culture models, particularly those based on hydrogel extracellular matrices, have been developed to study cellular responses in specific oxygen microenvironments. However, accurately characterizing oxygen tension variations with great spatiotemporal resolutions, especially in three dimensions, remains challenging. This paper presents an approach for rapid time-lapse 3D oxygen tension measurements in hydrogels using a widely available inverted fluorescence microscope. Oxygen-sensitive fluorescent microbeads and widefield frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) are utilized for oxygen tension estimation. To incorporate the third dimension, a motorized sample stage is implanted that enables automated image acquisition in the vertical direction. A machine learning algorithm based on K-means clustering is employed for microbead position identification. Using an upside-down microfluidic device, 3D oxygen gradients are generated within a hydrogel sample, and z-stack images are acquired using the FD-FLIM system. Analyses of the acquired images, involving microbead position identification, lifetime calculation, and oxygen tension conversion, are then performed offline. The results demonstrate the functionality of the developed approach for rapid time-lapse 3D oxygen tension measurements in hydrogels. Furthermore, the 3D oxygen tension adjacent to a tumor spheroid within a hydrogel during media exchange is characterized. The results further confirm that the 3D spatiotemporal oxygen tension profiles can be successfully measured quantitatively using the established setup and analysis process and that the approach may have great potential for investigating cellular activities within oxygen microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Ming Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Heng-Hua Hsu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Liang Ko
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chang
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Han Hsieh
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Mei Wu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chung Tung
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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4
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Paul AA, Aladese AD, Marks RS. Additive Manufacturing Applications in Biosensors Technologies. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:60. [PMID: 38391979 PMCID: PMC10887193 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), has emerged as an attractive state-of-the-art tool for precisely fabricating functional materials with complex geometries, championing several advancements in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and therapeutics. However, this technology has an untapped potential for biotechnological applications, such as sensor and biosensor development. By exploring these avenues, the scope of 3D printing technology can be expanded and pave the way for groundbreaking innovations in the biotechnology field. Indeed, new printing materials and printers would offer new possibilities for seamlessly incorporating biological functionalities within the growing 3D scaffolds. Herein, we review the additive manufacturing applications in biosensor technologies with a particular emphasis on extrusion-based 3D printing modalities. We highlight the application of natural, synthetic, and composite biomaterials as 3D-printed soft hydrogels. Emphasis is placed on the approach by which the sensing molecules are introduced during the fabrication process. Finally, future perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Abbey Paul
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel;
| | - Adedamola D. Aladese
- Department of Physics and Material Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA;
| | - Robert S. Marks
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel;
- Ilse Katz Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
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5
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Yoon S, Kilicarslan You D, Jeong U, Lee M, Kim E, Jeon TJ, Kim SM. Microfluidics in High-Throughput Drug Screening: Organ-on-a-Chip and C. elegans-Based Innovations. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:55. [PMID: 38275308 PMCID: PMC10813408 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The development of therapeutic interventions for diseases necessitates a crucial step known as drug screening, wherein potential substances with medicinal properties are rigorously evaluated. This process has undergone a transformative evolution, driven by the imperative need for more efficient, rapid, and high-throughput screening platforms. Among these, microfluidic systems have emerged as the epitome of efficiency, enabling the screening of drug candidates with unprecedented speed and minimal sample consumption. This review paper explores the cutting-edge landscape of microfluidic-based drug screening platforms, with a specific emphasis on two pioneering approaches: organ-on-a-chip and C. elegans-based chips. Organ-on-a-chip technology harnesses human-derived cells to recreate the physiological functions of human organs, offering an invaluable tool for assessing drug efficacy and toxicity. In parallel, C. elegans-based chips, boasting up to 60% genetic homology with humans and a remarkable affinity for microfluidic systems, have proven to be robust models for drug screening. Our comprehensive review endeavors to provide readers with a profound understanding of the fundamental principles, advantages, and challenges associated with these innovative drug screening platforms. We delve into the latest breakthroughs and practical applications in this burgeoning field, illuminating the pivotal role these platforms play in expediting drug discovery and development. Furthermore, we engage in a forward-looking discussion to delineate the future directions and untapped potential inherent in these transformative technologies. Through this review, we aim to contribute to the collective knowledge base in the realm of drug screening, providing valuable insights to researchers, clinicians, and stakeholders alike. We invite readers to embark on a journey into the realm of microfluidic-based drug screening platforms, fostering a deeper appreciation for their significance and promising avenues yet to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (D.K.Y.); (M.L.); (E.K.)
| | - Dilara Kilicarslan You
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (D.K.Y.); (M.L.); (E.K.)
| | - Uiechan Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (D.K.Y.); (M.L.); (E.K.)
| | - Eunhye Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (D.K.Y.); (M.L.); (E.K.)
| | - Tae-Joon Jeon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (D.K.Y.); (M.L.); (E.K.)
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Min Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (D.K.Y.); (M.L.); (E.K.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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6
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Brooks A, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhao CX. Cancer Metastasis-on-a-Chip for Modeling Metastatic Cascade and Drug Screening. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2302436. [PMID: 38224141 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic chips are valuable tools for studying intricate cellular and cell-microenvironment interactions. Traditional in vitro cancer models lack accuracy in mimicking the complexities of in vivo tumor microenvironment. However, cancer-metastasis-on-a-chip (CMoC) models combine the advantages of 3D cultures and microfluidic technology, serving as powerful platforms for exploring cancer mechanisms and facilitating drug screening. These chips are able to compartmentalize the metastatic cascade, deepening the understanding of its underlying mechanisms. This article provides an overview of current CMoC models, focusing on distinctive models that simulate invasion, intravasation, circulation, extravasation, and colonization, and their applications in drug screening. Furthermore, challenges faced by CMoC and microfluidic technologies are discussed, while exploring promising future directions in cancer research. The ongoing development and integration of these models into cancer studies are expected to drive transformative advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Brooks
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Yali Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Jiezhong Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Chun-Xia Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
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7
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Mahdavi R, Hashemi-Najafabadi S, Ghiass MA, Adiels CB. Microfluidic design for in-vitro liver zonation-a numerical analysis using COMSOL Multiphysics. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:121-133. [PMID: 37733153 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The liver is one of the most important organs, with a complex physiology. Current in-vitro approaches are not accurate for disease modeling and drug toxicity research. One of those features is liver zonation, where cells display different physiological states due to different levels of oxygen and nutrient supplements. Organ-on-a-chip technology employs microfluidic platforms that enable a controlled environment for in-vitro cell culture. In this study, we propose a microfluidic design embedding a gas channel (of ambient air), creating an oxygen gradient. We numerically simulate different flow rates and cell densities with the COMSOL Multiphysics package considering cell-specific consumption rates of oxygen and glucose. We establish the cell density and flow rate for optimum oxygen and glucose distribution in the cell culture chamber. Furthermore, we show that a physiologically relevant concentration of oxygen and glucose in the chip is reached after 24 h and 30 min, respectively. The proposed microfluidic design and optimal parameters we identify in this paper provide a tool for in-vitro liver zonation studies. However, the microfluidic design is not exclusively for liver cell experiments but is foreseen to be applicable in cell studies where different gas concentration gradients are critical, e.g., studying hypoxia or toxic gas impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mahdavi
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box 14115-114, Iran
| | - Sameereh Hashemi-Najafabadi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box 14115-114, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Adel Ghiass
- Tissue Engineering Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box 14115-114, Iran
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8
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Agüero EI, Belgorosky D, García-Silva JI, Booth R, Lerner B, Pérez MS, Eiján AM. Microdevices for cancer stem cell culture as a predictive chemotherapeutic response platform. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1465-1475. [PMID: 37755493 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic platforms for clinical use are a promising translational strategy for cancer research specially for drug screening. Identifying cancer stem cells (CSC) using sphere culture techniques in microfluidic devices (MDs) showed to be better reproducing physiological responses than other in vitro models and allow the optimization of samples and reagents. We evaluated individual sphere proliferation and stemness toward chemotherapeutic treatment (CT) with doxorubicin and cisplatin in bladder cancer cell lines (MB49-I and J82) cultured in MDs used as CSC treatment response platform. Our results confirm the usefulness of this device to evaluate the CT effect in sphere-forming efficiency, size, and growth rate from individual spheres within MDs and robust information comparable to conventional culture plates was obtained. The expression of pluripotency genetic markers (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and CD44) could be analyzed by qPCR and immunofluorescence in spheres growing directly in MDs. MDs are a suitable platform for sphere isolation from tumor samples and can provide information about CT response. Microfluidic-based CSC studies could provide information about treatment response of cancer patients from small samples and can be a promising tool for CSC-targeted specific treatment with potential in precision medicine. KEY MESSAGES: We have designed a microfluidic platform for CSC enriched culture by tumor sphere formation. Using MDs, we could quantify and determine sphere response after CT using murine and human cell lines as a proof of concept. MDs can be used as a tumor-derived sphere isolation platform to test the effect of antitumoral compounds in sphere proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Imanol Agüero
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo", Área de Investigación, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1417DTB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Denise Belgorosky
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo", Área de Investigación, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1417DTB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julio Israel García-Silva
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ross Booth
- Roche Sequencing Solutions, Santa Clara, CA, 95050, USA
| | - Betiana Lerner
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University (FIU), Miami, FL, 33174, USA
- Collaborative Research Institute Intelligent Oncology (CRIION), Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Centro IREN, B1706EAH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1063ACV, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Sebastián Pérez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University (FIU), Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
- Collaborative Research Institute Intelligent Oncology (CRIION), Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN), Centro IREN, B1706EAH, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1063ACV, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ana María Eiján
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo", Área de Investigación, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1417DTB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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9
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Accolla RP, Liang JP, Lansberry TR, Miravet IL, Loaisiga M, Sardi BL, Stabler CL. Engineering Modular, Oxygen-Generating Microbeads for the In Situ Mitigation of Cellular Hypoxia. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300239. [PMID: 36971050 PMCID: PMC10522802 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient oxygenation is a key obstacle in the design of clinically scalable tissue-engineered grafts. In this work, an oxygen-generating composite material, termed OxySite, is created through the encapsulation of calcium peroxide (CaO2 ) within polydimethylsiloxane and formulated into microbeads for ease in tissue integration. Key material parameters of reactant loading, porogen addition, microbead size, and an outer rate-limiting layer are modulated to characterize oxygen generation kinetics and their suitability for cellular applications. In silico models are developed to predict the local impact of different OxySite microbead formulations on oxygen availability within an idealized cellular implant. Promising OxySite microbead variants are subsequently coencapsulated with murine β-cells within macroencapsulation devices, resulting in improved cellular metabolic activity and function under hypoxic conditions when compared to controls. Additionally, the coinjection of optimized OxySite microbeads with murine pancreatic islets within a confined transplant site demonstrates ease of integration and improved primary cell function. These works highlight the broad translatability delivered by this new oxygen-generating biomaterial format, whereby the modularity of the material provides customization of the oxygen source to the specific needs of the cellular implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Accolla
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jia-Pu Liang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Taylor R. Lansberry
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Irayme Labrada Miravet
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marlon Loaisiga
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Baltasar Lopez Sardi
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cherie L. Stabler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
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10
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Baassiri K, Nicolau DV. Investigating the Mechanism of Intravascular Bubble Formation in Designed Arrays of Vascularized Systems on a Chip. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-5. [PMID: 38083489 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Vascular gas embolism is a rare medical condition, resulting from the existence of air or gas in the venous or arterial system. Gas embolism is associated with a wide range of circulatory, cardiovascular, and neurological complications that can lead to sudden and unexplained death. Despite the recent increase in related studies, gas embolism remains under-reported with a poor understanding of its genesis and pathophysiology. In this work, intravascular bubble formation is investigated in an array of biomimetic microscale systems, where the endogenous generation of gas bubbles is induced by variations in the surrounding pressure. Microfluidic devices, based on polydimethylsiloxane, are designed and fabricated as vascularized systems on a chip with one main channel at two different diameters (30 µm, and 40 µm), surrounded by a pressure chamber (200 µm) on each side, at a separation of 50 µm. Two blood-equivalent solutions, at 20% and 46% hematocrit concentrations were prepared from a glycerin and xanthan gum mixture to mimic the physicochemical characteristics of the blood. As the volume of injected air increased, the events related to gas embolism were occurring at shorter timespans with more significant characteristics, i.e., length and number of bubbles. Additionally, correlations were established between the input parameters, i.e., the vascular diameter and equivalent hematocrit concentration, and the output parameters, i.e., the bubble size, velocity, frequency, and nucleation sites.Clinical Relevance- The reported results constitute a reproducible observation and quantification of intravascular bubble formation induced by global pressure variations, where the emergence of bubbles exhibits different patterns depending on biological characteristics related to gender and medical history.
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11
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Kasahara K, Leygeber M, Seiffarth J, Ruzaeva K, Drepper T, Nöh K, Kohlheyer D. Enabling oxygen-controlled microfluidic cultures for spatiotemporal microbial single-cell analysis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1198170. [PMID: 37408642 PMCID: PMC10318409 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1198170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic cultivation devices that facilitate O2 control enable unique studies of the complex interplay between environmental O2 availability and microbial physiology at the single-cell level. Therefore, microbial single-cell analysis based on time-lapse microscopy is typically used to resolve microbial behavior at the single-cell level with spatiotemporal resolution. Time-lapse imaging then provides large image-data stacks that can be efficiently analyzed by deep learning analysis techniques, providing new insights into microbiology. This knowledge gain justifies the additional and often laborious microfluidic experiments. Obviously, the integration of on-chip O2 measurement and control during the already complex microfluidic cultivation, and the development of image analysis tools, can be a challenging endeavor. A comprehensive experimental approach to allow spatiotemporal single-cell analysis of living microorganisms under controlled O2 availability is presented here. To this end, a gas-permeable polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic cultivation chip and a low-cost 3D-printed mini-incubator were successfully used to control O2 availability inside microfluidic growth chambers during time-lapse microscopy. Dissolved O2 was monitored by imaging the fluorescence lifetime of the O2-sensitive dye RTDP using FLIM microscopy. The acquired image-data stacks from biological experiments containing phase contrast and fluorescence intensity data were analyzed using in-house developed and open-source image-analysis tools. The resulting oxygen concentration could be dynamically controlled between 0% and 100%. The system was experimentally tested by culturing and analyzing an E. coli strain expressing green fluorescent protein as an indirect intracellular oxygen indicator. The presented system allows for innovative microbiological research on microorganisms and microbial ecology with single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Kasahara
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Markus Leygeber
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Seiffarth
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Computational Systems Biotechnology (AVT.CSB), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karina Ruzaeva
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in Computational Engineering Science (AICES), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Drepper
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Katharina Nöh
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dietrich Kohlheyer
- IBG-1: Biotechnology, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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12
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Gundu S, Sahi AK, Kumari P, Vishwakarma NK, Mahto SK. Assessment of various forms of cellulose-based Luffa cylindrica (mat, flakes and powder) reinforced polydimethylsiloxane composites for oil sorption and organic solvents absorption. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124416. [PMID: 37060975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Oil spillage has damaged public health noticeably and contributed to significant environmental deterioration. As a result, a significant amount of effort has been spent on investigating and developing the sorbent materials capable of separating oil from water. Thus, the sorbent materials that could be effective particularly in oil spill disposal and resolve such environmental issue remain to be explored. We have proposed luffa cylindrica (LC)-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite forms to remove the oil and organic components that might be hazardous to aquatic organisms. The scaffolds were fabricated using hand lay-up method with various forms of luffa cylindrica i.e., LC mat, flakes and powder. Various characterizations such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), effective porosity, surface wettability, mechanical stability, cytotoxicity and sorption behavior with respect to oil, phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and few organic solvents were performed. The results showed that the scaffold in combination with P-L flakes was highly effective in eradicating oil spills and removing harmful components of crude oil. Scaffolds composed of P-L mat, P-L flakes, P-L powder, and PDMS (P) exhibited oil absorption efficacy around 16.09 ± 4.62 %, 24.49 ± 3.55 %, 15.52 ± 2.67 % and 5.52 ± 1.44 %, respectively. We anticipate that the proposed scaffolds have the tremendous potential to provide a solution to this significant environmental remediation issue and to serve as a cost-effective method for removing oil spills and hazardous crude oil components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravanya Gundu
- Tissue Engineering and Biomicrofluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Sahi
- Tissue Engineering and Biomicrofluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Tissue Engineering and Biomicrofluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj K Vishwakarma
- Tissue Engineering and Biomicrofluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Mahto
- Tissue Engineering and Biomicrofluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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13
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Li C, Zhao R, Yang H, Ren L. Construction of Bone Hypoxic Microenvironment Based on Bone-on-a-Chip Platforms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086999. [PMID: 37108162 PMCID: PMC10139217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The normal physiological activities and functions of bone cells cannot be separated from the balance of the oxygenation level, and the physiological activities of bone cells are different under different oxygenation levels. At present, in vitro cell cultures are generally performed in a normoxic environment, and the partial pressure of oxygen of a conventional incubator is generally set at 141 mmHg (18.6%, close to the 20.1% oxygen in ambient air). This value is higher than the mean value of the oxygen partial pressure in human bone tissue. Additionally, the further away from the endosteal sinusoids, the lower the oxygen content. It follows that the construction of a hypoxic microenvironment is the key point of in vitro experimental investigation. However, current methods of cellular research cannot realize precise control of oxygenation levels at the microscale, and the development of microfluidic platforms can overcome the inherent limitations of these methods. In addition to discussing the characteristics of the hypoxic microenvironment in bone tissue, this review will discuss various methods of constructing oxygen gradients in vitro and measuring oxygen tension from the microscale based on microfluidic technology. This integration of advantages and disadvantages to perfect the experimental study will help us to study the physiological responses of cells under more physiological-relevant conditions and provide a new strategy for future research on various in vitro cell biomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Li Ren
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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14
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Täuber S, Grünberger A. Microfluidic single-cell scale-down systems: introduction, application, and future challenges. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 81:102915. [PMID: 36871470 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Performance losses during the scaling-up of bioprocesses from the laboratory to the production scale are common obstacles caused by the formation of concentration gradients in bioreactors. To overcome these obstacles, so-called scale-down bioreactors are used to analyze selected large-scale conditions and are one of the most important predictive tools for the successful transfer of bioprocesses from the lab to the industrial scale. In this regard, cellular behavior is usually measured as an averaged value, neglecting possible cell-to-cell heterogeneity within the culture. In contrast, microfluidic single-cell cultivation (MSCC) systems offer the possibility of understanding cellular processes on a single-cell level. To date, most MSCC systems have a limited choice of cultivation parameters that are not representative of bioprocess-relevant environmental conditions. Herein, we critically review recent advances in MSCC that allow the cultivation and analysis of cells under dynamic (bioprocess-relevant) environmental conditions. Finally, we discuss what technological advances and efforts are needed to bridge the gap between current MSCC systems and the use of these systems as single-cell scale-down devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Täuber
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Technical Faculty, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Grünberger
- Multiscale Bioengineering, Technical Faculty, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; Microsystems in Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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15
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Su R, Wang F, McAlpine MC. 3D printed microfluidics: advances in strategies, integration, and applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1279-1299. [PMID: 36779387 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01177h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability to construct multiplexed micro-systems for fluid regulation could substantially impact multiple fields, including chemistry, biology, biomedicine, tissue engineering, and soft robotics, among others. 3D printing is gaining traction as a compelling approach to fabricating microfluidic devices by providing unique capabilities, such as 1) rapid design iteration and prototyping, 2) the potential for automated manufacturing and alignment, 3) the incorporation of numerous classes of materials within a single platform, and 4) the integration of 3D microstructures with prefabricated devices, sensing arrays, and nonplanar substrates. However, to widely deploy 3D printed microfluidics at research and commercial scales, critical issues related to printing factors, device integration strategies, and incorporation of multiple functionalities require further development and optimization. In this review, we summarize important figures of merit of 3D printed microfluidics and inspect recent progress in the field, including ink properties, structural resolutions, and hierarchical levels of integration with functional platforms. Particularly, we highlight advances in microfluidic devices printed with thermosetting elastomers, printing methodologies with enhanced degrees of automation and resolution, and the direct printing of microfluidics on various 3D surfaces. The substantial progress in the performance and multifunctionality of 3D printed microfluidics suggests a rapidly approaching era in which these versatile devices could be untethered from microfabrication facilities and created on demand by users in arbitrary settings with minimal prior training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruitao Su
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Michael C McAlpine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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16
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Pixelated Microfluidics for Drug Screening on Tumour Spheroids and Ex Vivo Microdissected Tumour Explants. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041060. [PMID: 36831403 PMCID: PMC9954565 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticancer drugs have the lowest success rate of approval in drug development programs. Thus, preclinical assays that closely predict the clinical responses to drugs are of utmost importance in both clinical oncology and pharmaceutical research. 3D tumour models preserve the tumoral architecture and are cost- and time-efficient. However, the short-term longevity, limited throughput, and limitations of live imaging of these models have so far driven researchers towards less realistic tumour models such as monolayer cell cultures. Here, we present an open-space microfluidic drug screening platform that enables the formation, culture, and multiplexed delivery of several reagents to various 3D tumour models, namely cancer cell line spheroids and ex vivo primary tumour fragments. Our platform utilizes a microfluidic pixelated chemical display that creates isolated adjacent flow sub-units of reagents, which we refer to as fluidic 'pixels', over tumour models in a contact-free fashion. Up to nine different treatment conditions can be tested over 144 samples in a single experiment. We provide a proof-of-concept application by staining fixed and live tumour models with multiple cellular dyes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the response of the tumour models to biological stimuli can be assessed using the platform. Upscaling the microfluidic platform to larger areas can lead to higher throughputs, and thus will have a significant impact on developing treatments for cancer.
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17
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Simitian G, Virumbrales-Muñoz M, Sánchez-de-Diego C, Beebe DJ, Kosoff D. Microfluidics in vascular biology research: a critical review for engineers, biologists, and clinicians. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3618-3636. [PMID: 36047330 PMCID: PMC9530010 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00352j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Neovascularization, the formation of new blood vessels, has received much research attention due to its implications for physiological processes and diseases. Most studies using traditional in vitro and in vivo platforms find challenges in recapitulating key cellular and mechanical cues of the neovascularization processes. Microfluidic in vitro models have been presented as an alternative to these limitations due to their capacity to leverage microscale physics to control cell organization and integrate biochemical and mechanical cues, such as shear stress, cell-cell interactions, or nutrient gradients, making them an ideal option for recapitulating organ physiology. Much has been written about the use of microfluidics in vascular biology models from an engineering perspective. However, a review introducing the different models, components and progress for new potential adopters of these technologies was absent in the literature. Therefore, this paper aims to approach the use of microfluidic technologies in vascular biology from a perspective of biological hallmarks to be studied and written for a wide audience ranging from clinicians to engineers. Here we review applications of microfluidics in vascular biology research, starting with design considerations and fabrication techniques. After that, we review the state of the art in recapitulating angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, according to the hallmarks recapitulated and complexity of the models. Finally, we discuss emerging research areas in neovascularization, such as drug discovery, and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigor Simitian
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - María Virumbrales-Muñoz
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Cristina Sánchez-de-Diego
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - David Kosoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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18
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Jiang X, Goh K, Wang R. Air plasma assisted spray coating of Pebax-1657 thin-film composite membranes for post-combustion CO2 capture. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Dalsbecker P, Beck Adiels C, Goksör M. Liver-on-a-chip devices: the pros and cons of complexity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G188-G204. [PMID: 35819853 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00346.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically relevant and broadly applicable liver cell culture platforms are of great importance in both drug development and disease modeling. Organ-on-a-chip systems offer a promising alternative to conventional, static two-dimensional (2-D) cultures, providing much-needed cues such as perfusion, shear stress, and three-dimensional (3-D) cell-cell communication. However, such devices cover a broad range of complexity both in manufacture and in implementation. In this review, we summarize the key features of the human liver that should be reflected in a physiologically relevant liver-on-a-chip model. We also discuss different material properties of importance in producing liver-on-a-chip devices and summarize recent and current progress in the field, highlighting different types of devices at different levels of complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mattias Goksör
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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Oh JM, Begum HM, Liu YL, Ren Y, Shen K. Recapitulating Tumor Hypoxia in a Cleanroom-Free, Liquid-Pinning-Based Microfluidic Tumor Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3107-3121. [PMID: 35678715 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In tumors, the metabolic demand of cancer cells often outpaces oxygen supply, resulting in a gradient of tumor hypoxia accompanied with heterogeneous resistance to cancer therapeutics. Models recapitulating tumor hypoxia are therefore essential for developing more effective cancer therapeutics. Existing in vitro models often fail to capture the spatial heterogeneity of tumor hypoxia or involve high-cost, complex fabrication/handling techniques. Here, we designed a highly tunable microfluidic device that induces hypoxia through natural cell metabolism and oxygen diffusion barriers. We adopted a cleanroom-free, micromilling-replica-molding strategy and a microfluidic liquid-pinning approach to streamline the fabrication and tumor model establishment. We also implemented a thin-film oxygen diffusion barrier design, which was optimized through COMSOL simulation, to support both two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) hypoxic models. We demonstrated that liquid-pinning enables an easy, injection-based micropatterning of cancer cells of a wide range of parameters, showing the high tunability of our design. Human breast cancer and prostate cancer cells were seeded and stained after 24 h of 2-D and 3-D culture to validate the natural induction of hypoxia. We further demonstrated the feasibility of the parallel microfluidic channel design to evaluate dual therapeutic conditions in the same device. Overall, our new microfluidic tumor model serves as a user-friendly, cost-effective, and highly scalable platform that provides spatiotemporal analysis of the hypoxic tumor microenvironments suitable for high-content biological studies and therapeutic discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Min Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Hydari Masuma Begum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yao Lucia Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yuwei Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Keyue Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States.,USC Stem Cell, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
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21
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Rogal J, Roosz J, Teufel C, Cipriano M, Xu R, Eisler W, Weiss M, Schenke‐Layland K, Loskill P. Autologous Human Immunocompetent White Adipose Tissue-on-Chip. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104451. [PMID: 35466539 PMCID: PMC9218765 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and associated diseases, such as diabetes, have reached epidemic proportions globally. In this era of "diabesity", white adipose tissue (WAT) has become a target of high interest for therapeutic strategies. To gain insights into mechanisms of adipose (patho-)physiology, researchers traditionally relied on animal models. Leveraging Organ-on-Chip technology, a microphysiological in vitro model of human WAT is introduced: a tailored microfluidic platform featuring vasculature-like perfusion that integrates 3D tissues comprising all major WAT-associated cellular components (mature adipocytes, organotypic endothelial barriers, stromovascular cells including adipose tissue macrophages) in an autologous manner and recapitulates pivotal WAT functions, such as energy storage and mobilization as well as endocrine and immunomodulatory activities. A precisely controllable bottom-up approach enables the generation of a multitude of replicates per donor circumventing inter-donor variability issues and paving the way for personalized medicine. Moreover, it allows to adjust the model's degree of complexity via a flexible mix-and-match approach. This WAT-on-Chip system constitutes the first human-based, autologous, and immunocompetent in vitro adipose tissue model that recapitulates almost full tissue heterogeneity and can become a powerful tool for human-relevant research in the field of metabolism and its associated diseases as well as for compound testing and personalized- and precision medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rogal
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBNobelstr. 12Stuttgart70569Germany
| | - Julia Roosz
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
| | - Claudia Teufel
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
| | - Madalena Cipriano
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
- 3R‐Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal TestingEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
| | - Raylin Xu
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBNobelstr. 12Stuttgart70569Germany
- Harvard Medical School (HMS)25 Shattuck StBostonMA02115USA
| | - Wiebke Eisler
- Clinic for PlasticReconstructiveHand and Burn SurgeryBG Trauma CenterEberhard Karls University TübingenSchnarrenbergstraße 95Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Martin Weiss
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
- Department of Women's HealthEberhard Karls University TübingenCalwerstrasse 7Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Katja Schenke‐Layland
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
- Department of Medicine/CardiologyCardiovascular Research LaboratoriesDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA675 Charles E. Young Drive South, MRL 3645Los AngelesCA90095USA
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image‐Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”Eberhard Karls University TuebingenRöntgenweg 11Tuebingen72076Germany
- Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative MedicineInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenSilcherstr. 7/1Tübingen72076Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical EngineeringEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of TübingenMarkwiesenstr. 55Reutlingen72770Germany
- 3R‐Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal TestingEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 3Tübingen72074Germany
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22
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Ahmerkamp S, Jalaluddin FM, Cui Y, Brumley DR, Pacherres CO, Berg JS, Stocker R, Kuypers MM, Koren K, Behrendt L. Simultaneous visualization of flow fields and oxygen concentrations to unravel transport and metabolic processes in biological systems. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100216. [PMID: 35637907 PMCID: PMC9142687 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
From individual cells to whole organisms, O2 transport unfolds across micrometer- to millimeter-length scales and can change within milliseconds in response to fluid flows and organismal behavior. The spatiotemporal complexity of these processes makes the accurate assessment of O2 dynamics via currently available methods difficult or unreliable. Here, we present "sensPIV," a method to simultaneously measure O2 concentrations and flow fields. By tracking O2-sensitive microparticles in flow using imaging technologies that allow for instantaneous referencing, we measured O2 transport within (1) microfluidic devices, (2) sinking model aggregates, and (3) complex colony-forming corals. Through the use of sensPIV, we find that corals use ciliary movement to link zones of photosynthetic O2 production to zones of O2 consumption. SensPIV can potentially be extendable to study flow-organism interactions across many life-science and engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeren Ahmerkamp
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Yuan Cui
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Douglas R. Brumley
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Cesar O. Pacherres
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Jasmine S. Berg
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roman Stocker
- Institute for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Klaus Koren
- Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Behrendt
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Ma D, Chen B, Li Y, Pang X, Fu Q, Xiao Z, Shi Z, Li X, Luo C, Zhou Z, Chen Y, Zhou J. Au@Ag Nanorods-PDMS Wearable Mouthguard as a Visualized Detection Platform for Screening Dental Caries and Periodontal Diseases. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102682. [PMID: 34957703 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The development of easy-to-use, low-cost, and visualized detection platforms for screening human dental caries and periodontal diseases is in urgent demand. In this work, a Au@Ag nanorods-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (Au@Ag NRs-PDMS) wearable mouthguard, which can visualize the tooth lesion sites through the color change of it at the corresponding locations, is presented. The Au@Ag NRs-PDMS composite exhibits a distinct color response to hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) gas generated by bacterial decay at the lesion sites. Moreover, the Au@Ag NRs-PDMS mouthguard is demonstrated to own desired mechanical properties, excellent chemical stability, as well as good biocompatibility, and can accurately locate the lesion sites in human oral cavity. These findings suggest that the mouthguard has the potential to be utilized on a large scale to help people self-monitor their oral health in daily life, and treat oral diseases locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Baiqi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yuanfang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Xueyuan Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Quanying Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zihan Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhonghong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of Physics Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Orthodontics Guanghua School of Stomatology Hospital of Stomatology Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510055 China
| | - Chongdai Luo
- Department of Stomatology Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhang‐kai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of Physics Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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24
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Hosseinabadi HG, Dogan E, Miri AK, Ionov L. Digital Light Processing Bioprinting Advances for Microtissue Models. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1381-1395. [PMID: 35357144 PMCID: PMC10700125 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Digital light processing (DLP) bioprinting has been widely introduced as a fast and robust biofabrication method in tissue engineering. The technique holds a great promise for creating tissue models because it can replicate the resolution and complexity of natural tissues and constructs. A DLP system projects 2D images onto layers of bioink using a digital photomask. The resolution of DLP bioprinting strongly depends on the characteristics of the projected light and the photo-cross-linking response of the bioink microenvironment. In this review, we present a summary of DLP fundamentals with a focus on bioink properties, photoinitiator selection, and light characteristics in resolution of bioprinted constructs. A simple guideline is provided for bioengineers interested in using DLP platforms and customizing technical specifications for its design. The literature review reveals the promising future of DLP bioprinting for disease modeling and biofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Goodarzi Hosseinabadi
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Department of Biofabrication, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Elvan Dogan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Amir K. Miri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Leonid Ionov
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Department of Biofabrication, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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25
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Bacchin P, Leng J, Salmon JB. Microfluidic Evaporation, Pervaporation, and Osmosis: From Passive Pumping to Solute Concentration. Chem Rev 2021; 122:6938-6985. [PMID: 34882390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evaporation, pervaporation, and forward osmosis are processes leading to a mass transfer of solvent across an interface: gas/liquid for evaporation and solid/liquid (membrane) for pervaporation and osmosis. This Review provides comprehensive insight into the use of these processes at the microfluidic scales for applications ranging from passive pumping to the screening of phase diagrams and micromaterials engineering. Indeed, for a fixed interface relative to the microfluidic chip, these processes passively induce flows driven only by gradients of chemical potential. As a consequence, these passive-transport phenomena lead to an accumulation of solutes that cannot cross the interface and thus concentrate solutions in the microfluidic chip up to high concentration regimes, possibly up to solidification. The purpose of this Review is to provide a unified description of these processes and associated microfluidic applications to highlight the differences and similarities between these three passive-transport phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Bacchin
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Leng
- CNRS, Solvay, LOF, UMR 5258, Université de Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
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26
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Santos JA, Gimbel AA, Peppas A, Truslow JG, Lang DA, Sukavaneshvar S, Solt D, Mulhern TJ, Markoski A, Kim ES, Hsiao JCM, Lewis DJ, Harjes DI, DiBiasio C, Charest JL, Borenstein JT. Design and construction of three-dimensional physiologically-based vascular branching networks for respiratory assist devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4637-4651. [PMID: 34730597 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00287b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices are changing the way that in vitro diagnostics and drug development are conducted, based on the increased precision, miniaturization and efficiency of these systems relative to prior methods. However, the full potential of microfluidics as a platform for therapeutic medical devices such as extracorporeal organ support has not been realized, in part due to limitations in the ability to scale current designs and fabrication techniques toward clinically relevant rates of blood flow. Here we report on a method for designing and fabricating microfluidic devices supporting blood flow rates per layer greater than 10 mL min-1 for respiratory support applications, leveraging advances in precision machining to generate fully three-dimensional physiologically-based branching microchannel networks. The ability of precision machining to create molds with rounded features and smoothly varying channel widths and depths distinguishes the geometry of the microchannel networks described here from all previous reports of microfluidic respiratory assist devices, regarding the ability to mimic vascular blood flow patterns. These devices have been assembled and tested in the laboratory using whole bovine or porcine blood, and in a porcine model to demonstrate efficient gas transfer, blood flow and pressure stability over periods of several hours. This new approach to fabricating and scaling microfluidic devices has the potential to address wide applications in critical care for end-stage organ failure and acute illnesses stemming from respiratory viral infections, traumatic injuries and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Santos
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Alla A Gimbel
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | | | - Daniel A Lang
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Alex Markoski
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ernest S Kim
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | - Diana J Lewis
- Bioengineering Division, Draper, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Soucy JR, Burchett G, Brady R, Nichols K, Breault DT, Koppes AN, Koppes RA. Innervated adrenomedullary microphysiological system to model nicotine and opioid exposure. ORGANS-ON-A-CHIP 2021; 3:100009. [PMID: 38650595 PMCID: PMC11034938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ooc.2021.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Transition to extrauterine life results in a surge of catecholamines necessary for increased cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic activity. Mechanisms mediating adrenomedullary catecholamine release are poorly understood. Important mechanistic insight is provided by newborns delivered by cesarean section or subjected to prenatal nicotine or opioid exposure, demonstrating impaired release of adrenomedullary catecholamines. To investigate mechanisms regulating adrenomedullary innervation, we developed compartmentalized 3D microphysiological systems (MPS) by exploiting GelPins, capillary pressure barriers between cell-laden hydrogels. The MPS comprises discrete cultures of adrenal chromaffin cells and preganglionic sympathetic neurons within a contiguous bioengineered microtissue. Using this model, we demonstrate that adrenal chromaffin innervation plays a critical role in hypoxia-mediated catecholamine release. Opioids and nicotine were shown to affect adrenal chromaffin cell response to a reduced oxygen environment, but neurogenic control mechanisms remained intact. GelPin containing MPS represent an inexpensive and highly adaptable approach to study innervated organ systems and improve drug screening platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan Brady
- Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyla Nichols
- Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David T. Breault
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Center for Life Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abigail N. Koppes
- Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan A. Koppes
- Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Organ-Chip Models: Opportunities for Precision Medicine in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174487. [PMID: 34503294 PMCID: PMC8430573 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Among all types of cancer, Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the lowest survival rates, partly due to the failure of current chemotherapeutics. This treatment failure can be attributed to the complicated nature of the tumor microenvironment, where the rich fibro-inflammatory responses can hinder drug delivery and efficacy at the tumor site. Moreover, the high molecular variations in PDAC create a large heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment among patients. Current in vivo and in vitro options for drug testing are mostly ineffective in recapitulating the complex cellular interactions and individual variations in the PDAC tumor microenvironment, and as a result, they fail to provide appropriate models for individualized drug screening. Organ-on-a-chip technology combined with patient-derived organoids may provide the opportunity for developing personalized treatment options in PDAC. Abstract Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an expeditiously fatal malignancy with a five-year survival rate of 6–8%. Conventional chemotherapeutics fail in many cases due to inadequate primary response and rapidly developing resistance. This treatment failure is particularly challenging in pancreatic cancer because of the high molecular heterogeneity across tumors. Additionally, a rich fibro-inflammatory component within the tumor microenvironment (TME) limits the delivery and effectiveness of anticancer drugs, further contributing to the lack of response or developing resistance to conventional approaches in this cancer. As a result, there is an urgent need to model pancreatic cancer ex vivo to discover effective drug regimens, including those targeting the components of the TME on an individualized basis. Patient-derived three-dimensional (3D) organoid technology has provided a unique opportunity to study patient-specific cancerous epithelium. Patient-derived organoids cultured with the TME components can more accurately reflect the in vivo tumor environment. Here we present the advances in organoid technology and multicellular platforms that could allow for the development of “organ-on-a-chip” approaches to recapitulate the complex cellular interactions in PDAC tumors. We highlight the current advances of the organ-on-a-chip-based cancer models and discuss their potential for the preclinical selection of individualized treatment in PDAC.
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29
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Signore MA, De Pascali C, Giampetruzzi L, Siciliano PA, Francioso L. Gut-on-Chip microphysiological systems: Latest advances in the integration of sensing strategies and adoption of mature detection mechanisms. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2021.100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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30
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Wang C, Dang T, Baste J, Anil Joshi A, Bhushan A. A novel standalone microfluidic device for local control of oxygen tension for intestinal-bacteria interactions. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21291. [PMID: 33506497 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001600rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal environment is unique because it supports the intestinal epithelial cells under a normal oxygen environment and the microbiota under an anoxic environment. Due to importance of understanding the interactions between the epithelium and the microbiota, there is a strong need for developing representative and simple experimental models. Current approaches do not capture the partitioned oxygen environment, require external anaerobic chambers, or are complex. Another major limitation is that with the solutions that can mimic this oxygen environment, the oxygenation level of the epithelial cells is not known, raising the question whether the cells are hypoxic or not. We report standalone microfluidic devices that form a partitioned oxygen environment without the use of an external anaerobic chamber or oxygen scavengers to coculture intestinal epithelial and bacterial cells. By changing the thickness of the device cover, the oxygen tension in the chamber was modulated. We verified the oxygen levels using several tests: microscale oxygen sensitive sensors which were integrated within the devices, immunostaining of Caco-2 cells to determine hypoxia levels, and genetically encoded bacteria to visualize the growth. Collectively, these methods monitored oxygen concentrations in the devices more comprehensively than previous reports and allowed for control of oxygen tension to match the requirements of both intestinal cells and anaerobic bacteria. Our experimental model is supported by the mathematical model that considered diffusion of oxygen into the top chamber. This allowed us to experimentally determine the oxygen consumption rate of the intestinal epithelial cells under perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thao Dang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jasmine Baste
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Advait Anil Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abhinav Bhushan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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31
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Lee-Montiel FT, Laemmle A, Charwat V, Dumont L, Lee CS, Huebsch N, Okochi H, Hancock MJ, Siemons B, Boggess SC, Goswami I, Miller EW, Willenbring H, Healy KE. Integrated Isogenic Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Liver and Heart Microphysiological Systems Predict Unsafe Drug-Drug Interaction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:667010. [PMID: 34025426 PMCID: PMC8138446 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.667010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) microphysiological systems (MPSs) mimicking human organ function in vitro are an emerging alternative to conventional monolayer cell culture and animal models for drug development. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have the potential to capture the diversity of human genetics and provide an unlimited supply of cells. Combining hiPSCs with microfluidics technology in MPSs offers new perspectives for drug development. Here, the integration of a newly developed liver MPS with a cardiac MPS—both created with the same hiPSC line—to study drug–drug interaction (DDI) is reported. As a prominent example of clinically relevant DDI, the interaction of the arrhythmogenic gastroprokinetic cisapride with the fungicide ketoconazole was investigated. As seen in patients, metabolic conversion of cisapride to non-arrhythmogenic norcisapride in the liver MPS by the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A4 was inhibited by ketoconazole, leading to arrhythmia in the cardiac MPS. These results establish integration of hiPSC-based liver and cardiac MPSs to facilitate screening for DDI, and thus drug efficacy and toxicity, isogenic in the same genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe T Lee-Montiel
- Departments of Bioengineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Laemmle
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Liver Center and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Verena Charwat
- Departments of Bioengineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Laure Dumont
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Liver Center and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Caleb S Lee
- Departments of Bioengineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Nathaniel Huebsch
- Departments of Bioengineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Hideaki Okochi
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Brian Siemons
- Departments of Bioengineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Steven C Boggess
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Ishan Goswami
- Departments of Bioengineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Evan W Miller
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology, and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Holger Willenbring
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Liver Center and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kevin E Healy
- Departments of Bioengineering, and Materials Science & Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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32
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Wang LH, Ernst AU, Flanders JA, Liu W, Wang X, Datta AK, Epel B, Kotecha M, Papas KK, Ma M. An inverse-breathing encapsulation system for cell delivery. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd5835. [PMID: 33990318 PMCID: PMC8121434 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd5835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell encapsulation represents a promising therapeutic strategy for many hormone-deficient diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, adequate oxygenation of the encapsulated cells remains a challenge, especially in the poorly oxygenated subcutaneous site. Here, we present an encapsulation system that generates oxygen (O2) for the cells from their own waste product, carbon dioxide (CO2), in a self-regulated (i.e., "inverse breathing") way. We leveraged a gas-solid (CO2-lithium peroxide) reaction that was completely separated from the aqueous cellular environment by a gas permeable membrane. O2 measurements and imaging validated CO2-responsive O2 release, which improved cell survival in hypoxic conditions. Simulation-guided optimization yielded a device that restored normoglycemia of immunocompetent diabetic mice for over 3 months. Furthermore, functional islets were observed in scaled-up device implants in minipigs retrieved after 2 months. This inverse breathing device provides a potential system to support long-term cell function in the clinically attractive subcutaneous site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Hai Wang
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | - Wanjun Liu
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ashim K Datta
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Boris Epel
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | | | - Minglin Ma
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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33
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Barmaki S, Obermaier D, Kankuri E, Vuola J, Franssila S, Jokinen V. A Microfluidic Chip Architecture Enabling a Hypoxic Microenvironment and Nitric Oxide Delivery in Cell Culture. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11110979. [PMID: 33143339 PMCID: PMC7692389 DOI: 10.3390/mi11110979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A hypoxic (low oxygen level) microenvironment and nitric oxide paracrine signaling play important roles in the control of both biological and pathological cell responses. In this study, we present a microfluidic chip architecture for nitric oxide delivery under a hypoxic microenvironment in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). The chip utilizes two separate, but interdigitated microfluidic channels. The hypoxic microenvironment was created by sodium sulfite as the oxygen scavenger in one of the channels. The nitric oxide microenvironment was created by sodium nitroprusside as the light-activated nitric oxide donor in the other channel. The solutions are separated from the cell culture by a 30 µm thick gas-permeable, but liquid-impermeable polydimethylsiloxane membrane. We show that the architecture is preliminarily feasible to define the gaseous microenvironment of a cell culture in the 100 µm and 1 mm length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samineh Barmaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-469-074-531
| | | | - Esko Kankuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Jyrki Vuola
- Helsinki Burn Centre, Jorvi Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00260 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Sami Franssila
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland; (S.F.); (V.J.)
| | - Ville Jokinen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 00076 Espoo, Finland; (S.F.); (V.J.)
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34
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CO 2-leakage-driven diffusiophoresis causes spontaneous accumulation of charged materials in channel flow. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25985-25990. [PMID: 33008879 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010011117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We identify a phenomenon where the onset of channel flow creates an unexpected, charge-dependent accumulation of colloidal particles, which occurs in a common-flow configuration with gas-permeable walls, but in the absence of any installed source of gas. An aqueous suspension of either positively charged (amine-modified polystyrene; a-PS) or negatively charged (polystyrene; PS) particles that flowed into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel created charge-dependent accumulation 2 to 4 min after the onset of flow. We unravel the phenomenon with systematic experiments under various conditions and model calculations considering permeability of the channel walls and [Formula: see text]-driven diffusiophoresis. We demonstrate that such spontaneous transport of particles is driven by the gas leakage through permeable walls, which is induced by the pressure difference between the channel and the ambient. Since the liquid pressure is higher, an outward flux of gas forms in the flow. We also observe the phenomenon in a bacterial suspension of Vibrio cholerae, where the fluorescent protein (mKO; monomeric Kusabira Orange) and bacterial cells show charge-dependent separation in a channel flow. Such experimental observations show that diffusiophoresis of charged particles in an aqueous suspension can be achieved by having gas leakage through permeable walls, without any preimposed ion-concentration gradient in the liquid phase. Our findings will help resolve unexpected challenges and biases in on-chip experiments involving particles and gas-permeable walls and help understand similar configurations that naturally exist in physiological systems, such as pulmonary capillaries. We also demonstrate potential applications, such as concentrating and collecting proteins below the isoelectric point.
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35
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Low LA, Mummery C, Berridge BR, Austin CP, Tagle DA. Organs-on-chips: into the next decade. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 20:345-361. [PMID: 32913334 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips (OoCs), also known as microphysiological systems or 'tissue chips' (the terms are synonymous), have attracted substantial interest in recent years owing to their potential to be informative at multiple stages of the drug discovery and development process. These innovative devices could provide insights into normal human organ function and disease pathophysiology, as well as more accurately predict the safety and efficacy of investigational drugs in humans. Therefore, they are likely to become useful additions to traditional preclinical cell culture methods and in vivo animal studies in the near term, and in some cases replacements for them in the longer term. In the past decade, the OoC field has seen dramatic advances in the sophistication of biology and engineering, in the demonstration of physiological relevance and in the range of applications. These advances have also revealed new challenges and opportunities, and expertise from multiple biomedical and engineering fields will be needed to fully realize the promise of OoCs for fundamental and translational applications. This Review provides a snapshot of this fast-evolving technology, discusses current applications and caveats for their implementation, and offers suggestions for directions in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie A Low
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Christine Mummery
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Brian R Berridge
- National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher P Austin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danilo A Tagle
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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36
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Hwang SH, Gonzalez-Suarez AM, Stybayeva G, Revzin A. Prospects and Opportunities for Microsystems and Microfluidic Devices in the Field of Otorhinolaryngology. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 14:29-42. [PMID: 32772034 PMCID: PMC7904428 DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2020.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic systems can be used to control picoliter to microliter volumes in ways not possible with other methods of fluid handling. In recent years, the field of microfluidics has grown rapidly, with microfluidic devices offering possibilities to impact biology and medicine. Microfluidic devices populated with human cells have the potential to mimic the physiological functions of tissues and organs in a three-dimensional microenvironment and enable the study of mechanisms of human diseases, drug discovery and the practice of personalized medicine. In the field of otorhinolaryngology, various types of microfluidic systems have already been introduced to study organ physiology, diagnose diseases, and evaluate therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, microfluidic technologies can be implemented at all levels of otorhinolaryngology. This review is intended to promote understanding of microfluidic properties and introduce the recent literature on application of microfluidic-related devices in the field of otorhinolaryngology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hwan Hwang
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | | | - Gulnaz Stybayeva
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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37
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Nguyen HT, Massino M, Keita C, Salmon JB. Microfluidic dialysis using photo-patterned hydrogel membranes in PDMS chips. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2383-2393. [PMID: 32510526 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of permeable membranes for microfluidic dialysis applications in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) channels. A maskless UV projection device was used to photo-pattern long hydrogel membranes (mm-cm) with a spatial resolution of a few microns in PDMS chips integrating also micro-valves. We show in particular that multi-layer soft lithography allows one to deplete oxygen from the PDMS walls using a nitrogen gas flow and therefore makes possible in situ UV-induced polymerization of hydrogels. We also report a simple surface modification of the PDMS channels leading to strongly anchored hydrogel membranes that can withstand trans-membrane pressure drops up to 1 bar without leakages. We then measured the Darcy permeability of these membranes and estimated their cut-off by measuring the kinetics of diffusion of macromolecules of different sizes through the membrane. Finally, we illustrate the opportunities offered by such microfluidic chips for dialysis applications by observing in real time the crystallization of a model protein in a chamber of a few nanoliters.
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38
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Schimek K, Frentzel S, Luettich K, Bovard D, Rütschle I, Boden L, Rambo F, Erfurth H, Dehne EM, Winter A, Marx U, Hoeng J. Human multi-organ chip co-culture of bronchial lung culture and liver spheroids for substance exposure studies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7865. [PMID: 32398725 PMCID: PMC7217973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extrapolation of cell culture-based test results to in vivo effects is limited, as cell cultures fail to emulate organ complexity and multi-tissue crosstalk. Biology-inspired microphysiological systems provide preclinical insights into absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity of substances in vitro by using human three-dimensional organotypic cultures. We co-cultured a human lung equivalent from the commercially available bronchial MucilAir culture and human liver spheroids from HepaRG cells to assess the potential toxicity of inhaled substances under conditions that permit organ crosstalk. We designed a new HUMIMIC Chip with optimized medium supply and oxygenation of the organ cultures and cultivated them on-chip for 14 days in separate culture compartments of a closed circulatory perfusion system, demonstrating the viability and homeostasis of the tissue cultures. A single-dose treatment of the hepatotoxic and carcinogenic aflatoxin B1 impaired functionality in bronchial MucilAir tissues in monoculture but showed a protective effect when the tissues were co-cultured with liver spheroids, indicating that crosstalk can be achieved in this new human lung–liver co-culture. The setup described here may be used to determine the effects of exposure to inhaled substances on a systemic level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Karsta Luettich
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - David Bovard
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Laura Boden
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Rambo
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Annika Winter
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Marx
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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39
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Li X, Luo C, Fu Q, Zhou C, Ruelas M, Wang Y, He J, Wang Y, Zhang YS, Zhou J. A Transparent, Wearable Fluorescent Mouthguard for High-Sensitive Visualization and Accurate Localization of Hidden Dental Lesion Sites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2000060. [PMID: 32240566 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Accurate detection and early diagnosis of oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis, can be potentially achieved by detecting the secretion of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in oral cavities. Current diagnostic approaches for VSCs can detect the existence and concentrations, yet are not capable of locating the dental lesion sites. Herein, the development of a unique approach for accurately locating dental lesion sites using a fluorescent mouthguard consisting of the zinc oxide-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (ZnO-PDMS) nanocomposite to detect the local release of VSCs is reported. The ZnO-PDMS mouthguard displays a highly sensitive and selective response to VSCs, and exhibits high fluorescent stability, good biocompatibility, and low biological toxicity in normal physiological environments. Then, the wearable ZnO-PDMS mouthguard is demonstrated to be able to identify the precise locations of lesion sites in human subjects. Combined with image analysis, the mouthguards successfully uncover the precise locations of dental caries, allowing convenient screening of hidden dental lesion sites that are oftentimes omitted by dentists. Due to low cost, long-term stability, and good patient compliance, the proposed wearable mouthguard is suitable for large-scale production and enables widely applicable, preliminary yet accurate screening of dental lesions prior to dental clinics and routine physical examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chongdai Luo
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Quanying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Cuiping Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Marina Ruelas
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yingshuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jinxu He
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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40
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Ebrahimzadeh Kouchesfahani M, Babaeipour V. Micro bioreactor scale-up and industrialization: a critical review of the methods, their prerequisites, and perquisites. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.19.02595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Valdez JM, Datta YH, Higgins JM, Wood DK. A microfluidic platform for simultaneous quantification of oxygen-dependent viscosity and shear thinning in sickle cell blood. APL Bioeng 2019; 3:046102. [PMID: 31803859 PMCID: PMC6881198 DOI: 10.1063/1.5118212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathology of sickle cell disease begins with the polymerization of intracellular hemoglobin under low oxygen tension, which leads to increased blood effective viscosity and vaso-occlusion. However, it has remained unclear how single-cell changes propagate up to the scale of bulk blood effective viscosity. Here, we use a custom microfluidic system to investigate how the increase in the stiffness of individual cells leads to an increase in the shear stress required for the same fluid strain in a suspension of softer cells. We characterize both the shear-rate dependence and the oxygen-tension dependence of the effective viscosity of sickle cell blood, and we assess the effect of the addition of increasing fractions of normal cells whose material properties are independent of oxygen tension, a scenario relevant to the treatment of sickle patients with blood transfusion. For untransfused sickle cell blood, we find an overall increase in effective viscosity at all oxygen tensions and shear rates along with an attenuation in the degree of shear-thinning achieved at the lowest oxygen tensions. We also find that in some cases, even a small fraction of transfused blood cells restores the shape of the shear-thinning relationship, though not the overall baseline effective viscosity. These results suggest that untransfused sickle cell blood will show the most extreme relative rheologic impairment in regions of high shear and that introducing even small fractions of normal blood cells may help retain some shear-thinning capability though without addressing a baseline relative increase in effective viscosity independent of shear.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Valdez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Yvonne H Datta
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - John M Higgins
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA and Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - David K Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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42
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Glucose Oxidase Micropumps: Multi-Faceted Effects of Chemical Activity on Tracer Particles Near the Solid–Liquid Interface. CONDENSED MATTER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/condmat4030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of glucose oxidase pumps characterized by small lateral dimensions (≈200 μ m). We studied the effects of the activity of the enzyme pump on silica particles (“tracers”) sedimented around the enzyme pump/patch. Once the activity of the pump was turned on (i.e., the glucose substrate was added to the solution), in-plane motion of the tracers away from the enzyme patch, as well as the emergence of an in-plane region around the patch which was depleted by tracers, was observed. The lateral extent of this depletion zone increased in time at a rate dependent both on the glucose concentration and on the areal density of the enzyme in the patch. We argue that, when the tracers were very near the wall, their motion and the emergence of the depletion zone were most likely the result of diffusiophoresis and drag by osmotic flows induced at the wall, rather than that of drag by a solutal buoyancy driven convective flow. We infer that, for the glucose oxidase enzymatic pumps, bulk (solutal buoyancy), as previously reported, as well as surface (osmotic) driven flows coexist and have to be explicitly accounted for. It seems plausible to assume that this is the case in general for enzyme pumps, and these complementary effects should be considered in the design of applications, e.g., stirring or sensing inside microfluidic systems, based on such pumps.
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43
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Karolak A, Markov DA, McCawley LJ, Rejniak KA. Towards personalized computational oncology: from spatial models of tumour spheroids, to organoids, to tissues. J R Soc Interface 2019; 15:rsif.2017.0703. [PMID: 29367239 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A main goal of mathematical and computational oncology is to develop quantitative tools to determine the most effective therapies for each individual patient. This involves predicting the right drug to be administered at the right time and at the right dose. Such an approach is known as precision medicine. Mathematical modelling can play an invaluable role in the development of such therapeutic strategies, since it allows for relatively fast, efficient and inexpensive simulations of a large number of treatment schedules in order to find the most effective. This review is a survey of mathematical models that explicitly take into account the spatial architecture of three-dimensional tumours and address tumour development, progression and response to treatments. In particular, we discuss models of epithelial acini, multicellular spheroids, normal and tumour spheroids and organoids, and multi-component tissues. Our intent is to showcase how these in silico models can be applied to patient-specific data to assess which therapeutic strategies will be the most efficient. We also present the concept of virtual clinical trials that integrate standard-of-care patient data, medical imaging, organ-on-chip experiments and computational models to determine personalized medical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Karolak
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dmitry A Markov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lisa J McCawley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katarzyna A Rejniak
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA .,Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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44
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Carvalho MR, Barata D, Teixeira LM, Giselbrecht S, Reis RL, Oliveira JM, Truckenmüller R, Habibovic P. Colorectal tumor-on-a-chip system: A 3D tool for precision onco-nanomedicine. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw1317. [PMID: 31131324 PMCID: PMC6531003 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Awareness that traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro and nonrepresentative animal models may not completely emulate the 3D hierarchical complexity of tissues and organs is on the rise. Therefore, posterior translation into successful clinical application is compromised. To address this dearth, on-chip biomimetic microenvironments powered by microfluidic technologies are being developed to better capture the complexity of in vivo pathophysiology. Here, we describe a "tumor-on-a-chip" model for assessment of precision nanomedicine delivery on which we validate the efficacy of drug-loaded nanoparticles in a gradient fashion. The model validation was performed by viability studies integrated with live imaging to confirm the dose-response effect of cells exposed to the CMCht/PAMAM nanoparticle gradient. This platform also enables the analysis at the gene expression level, where a down-regulation of all the studied genes (MMP-1, Caspase-3, and Ki-67) was observed. This tumor-on-chip model represents an important development in the use of precision nanomedicine toward personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Carvalho
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - D. Barata
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Netherlands
| | - L. M. Teixeira
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Netherlands
| | - S. Giselbrecht
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Netherlands
| | - R. L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J. M. Oliveira
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- Corresponding author.
| | - R. Truckenmüller
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Netherlands
- 300MICRONS GmbH, Daimlerstraße 35, 76185 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. Habibovic
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Netherlands
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45
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Rapid serial diluting biomicrofluidic provides EC50 in minutes. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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46
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Wu HM, Lee TA, Ko PL, Liao WH, Hsieh TH, Tung YC. Widefield frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM) for accurate measurement of oxygen gradients within microfluidic devices. Analyst 2019; 144:3494-3504. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00143c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A widefield FD-FLIM system with fast acquisition speed is utilized to accurately characterize oxygen gradient distributions within microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Mei Wu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ang Lee
- Research Center for Applied Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
| | - Ping-Liang Ko
- Research Center for Applied Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hao Liao
- Research Center for Applied Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
| | - Tung-Han Hsieh
- Research Center for Applied Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Tung
- Research Center for Applied Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
- College of Engineering
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47
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Lee I, Woo JH, Lee M, Jeon TJ, Kim SM. Hypoxic Physiological Environments in a Gas-Regulated Microfluidic Device. MICROMACHINES 2018; 10:mi10010016. [PMID: 30597832 PMCID: PMC6356689 DOI: 10.3390/mi10010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic environment is known as one of the critical factors in various physiological/pathological processes. It is imperative to recapitulate oxygen level in microscale for human physiology/pathology induced by hypoxia. Herein, we propose an oxygen-regulating system that can be applied to in vitro tissue models. We fabricated a microdevice with a gas-permeable membrane, allowing oxygen diffusion without direct contact to cells. We verified the formation of oxygen level less than 2% O2 concentration inside the device through computational simulation and experiments. H9c2 heart myoblasts were exposed to hypoxic condition in the device, and their cell viability were investigated. We anticipate that our system will be integrated with a platform to study hypoxia-induced human physiology and pathology as an efficient oxygen-regulating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insu Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Jin Hyuk Woo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Min Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Tae-Joon Jeon
- Department of Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Sun Min Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
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48
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Slagman S, Pujari SP, Franssen MCR, Zuilhof H. One-Step Generation of Reactive Superhydrophobic Surfaces via SiHCl 3-Based Silicone Nanofilaments. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:13505-13513. [PMID: 30395470 PMCID: PMC6328287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces gain ever-growing attention because of their applicability in many (consumer) products/materials as they often display, among others, antifouling, anti-icing, and/or self-cleaning properties. A simple way to achieve superhydrophobicity is through the growth of silicone nanofilaments. These nanofilaments, however, are very often nonreactive and thus difficult to utilize in subsequent chemistries. In response, we have developed a single-step procedure to grow (SiHCl3-based) silicone nanofilaments with selective reactivity that are intrinsically superhydrophobic. The silicone nanofilaments could be further functionalized via Pt-catalyzed hydrosilylation of exposed Si-H moieties. These surfaces are easily obtained using mild conditions and are stable under hydrolytic conditions (neutral water, 24 h at 80 °C) while remaining highly transparent, which makes them well suited for optical and photochemical experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd Slagman
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sidharam P. Pujari
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice C. R. Franssen
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, 300072 Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King
Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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49
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Yao M, Sattler T, Rabbani ZN, Pulliam T, Walker G, Gamcsik MP. Mixing and delivery of multiple controlled oxygen environments to a single multiwell culture plate. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C766-C775. [PMID: 30183322 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00276.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Precise oxygen control is critical to evaluating cell growth, molecular content, and stress response in cultured cells. We have designed, fabricated, and characterized a 96-well plate-based device that is capable of delivering eight static or dynamically changing oxygen environments to different rows on a single plate. The device incorporates a gas-mixing tree that combines two input gases to generate the eight gas mixtures that supply each row of the plate with a different gas atmosphere via a removable manifold. Using air and nitrogen as feed gases, a single 96-well plate can culture cells in applied gas atmospheres with Po2 levels ranging from 1 to 135 mmHg. Human cancer cell lines MCF-7, PANC-1, and Caco-2 were grown on a single plate under this range of oxygen levels. Only cells grown in wells exposed to Po2 ≤37 mmHg express the endogenous hypoxia markers hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and carbonic anhydrase IX. This design is amenable to multiwell plate-based molecular assays or drug dose-response studies in static or cycling hypoxia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Tyler Sattler
- University of North Carolina/North Carolina State University Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Zahid N Rabbani
- University of North Carolina/North Carolina State University Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Thomas Pulliam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Glenn Walker
- University of North Carolina/North Carolina State University Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Michael P Gamcsik
- University of North Carolina/North Carolina State University Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina
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MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells and Their CSC Population Migrate Towards Low Oxygen in a Microfluidic Gradient Device. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103047. [PMID: 30301222 PMCID: PMC6215323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cancer deaths are caused by secondary tumors formed through metastasis, yet due to our limited understanding of this process, prevention remains a major challenge. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proposed as the source of metastases, but only little is known about their migratory behavior. Oxygen gradients in the tumor have been linked to directional migration of breast cancer cells. Here, we present a method to study the effect of oxygen gradients on the migratory behavior of breast CSCs using a microfluidic device. Our chip contains a chamber in which an oxygen gradient can be generated between hypoxic (<1%) and ambient (21%) conditions. We tracked the migration of CSCs obtained from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and found that their migration patterns do not differ from the average MDA-MB-231 population. Surprisingly, we found that the cells migrate towards low oxygen levels, in contrast with an earlier study. We hypothesize that in our device, migration is exclusively due to the pure oxygen gradient, whereas the effects of oxygen in earlier work were obscured by additional cues from the tumor microenvironment (e.g., nutrients and metabolites). These results open new research directions into the role of oxygen in directing cancer and CSC migration.
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