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Zhao Z, Wang Y, Xia X, Li X. Permutation conditional mutual information to quantify TMS-evoked cortical connectivity in disorders of consciousness. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:046029. [PMID: 38986463 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad618b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Objective.To improve the understanding and diagnostic accuracy of disorders of consciousness (DOC) by quantifying transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) evoked electroencephalography connectivity using permutation conditional mutual information (PCMI).Approach.PCMI can characterize the functional connectivity between different brain regions. This study employed PCMI to analyze TMS-evoked cortical connectivity (TEC) in 154 DOC patients and 16 normal controls, focusing on optimizing parameter selection for PCMI (Data length, Order length, Time delay). We compared short-range and long-range PCMI values across different consciousness states-unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS), minimally conscious state (MCS), and normal (NOR)-and assessed various feature selection and classification techniques to distinguish these states.Main results.(1) PCMI can quantify TEC. We found optimal parameters to be Data length: 500 ms; Order: 3; Time delay: 6 ms. (2) TMS evoked potentials (TEPs) for NOR showed a rich response, while MCS patients showed only a few components, and UWS patients had almost no significant components. The values of PCMI connectivity metrics demonstrated its usefulness for measuring cortical connectivity evoked by TMS. From NOR to MCS to UWS, the number and strength of TEC decreased. Quantitative analysis revealed significant differences in the strength and number of TEC in the entire brain, local regions and inter-regions among different consciousness states. (3) A decision tree with feature selection by mutual information performed the best (balanced accuracy: 87.0% and accuracy: 83.5%). This model could accurately identify NOR (100.0%), but had lower identification accuracy for UWS (86.5%) and MCS (74.1%).Significance.The application of PCMI in measuring TMS-evoked connectivity provides a robust metric that enhances our ability to differentiate between various states of consciousness in DOC patients. This approach not only aids in clinical diagnosis but also contributes to the broader understanding of cortical connectivity and consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Xia
- Medical School of Chinese PLA; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Guangdong Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510335, People's Republic of China
- School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
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Casula EP, Pezzopane V, Roncaioli A, Battaglini L, Rumiati R, Rothwell J, Rocchi L, Koch G. Real-time cortical dynamics during motor inhibition. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7871. [PMID: 38570543 PMCID: PMC10991402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of action is a fundamental executive mechanism of human behaviour that involve a complex neural network. In spite of the progresses made so far, many questions regarding the brain dynamics occurring during action inhibition are still unsolved. Here, we used a novel approach optimized to investigate real-time effective brain dynamics, which combines transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with simultaneous electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. 22 healthy volunteers performed a motor Go/NoGo task during TMS of the hand-hotspot of the primary motor cortex (M1) and whole-scalp EEG recordings. We reconstructed source-based real-time spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical activity and cortico-cortical connectivity throughout the task. Our results showed a task-dependent bi-directional change in theta/gamma supplementary motor cortex (SMA) and M1 connectivity that, when participants were instructed to inhibit their response, resulted in an increase of a specific TMS-evoked EEG potential (N100), likely due to a GABA-mediated inhibition. Interestingly, these changes were linearly related to reaction times, when participants were asked to produce a motor response. In addition, TMS perturbation revealed a task-dependent long-lasting modulation of SMA-M1 natural frequencies, i.e. alpha/beta activity. Some of these results are shared by animal models and shed new light on the physiological mechanisms of motor inhibition in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Paolo Casula
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
- Department of System Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Pezzopane
- Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Roncaioli
- Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Battaglini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Raffaella Rumiati
- Department of System Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - John Rothwell
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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Mazzi C, Mele S, Bagattini C, Sanchez-Lopez J, Savazzi S. Coherent activity within and between hemispheres: cortico-cortical connectivity revealed by rTMS of the right posterior parietal cortex. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1362742. [PMID: 38516308 PMCID: PMC10954802 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1362742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Low frequency (1 Hz) repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS) applied over right posterior parietal cortex (rPPC) has been shown to reduce cortical excitability both of the stimulated area and of the interconnected contralateral homologous areas. In the present study, we investigated the whole pattern of intra- and inter-hemispheric cortico-cortical connectivity changes induced by rTMS over rPPC. Methods To do so, 14 healthy participants underwent resting state EEG recording before and after 30 min of rTMS at 1 Hz or sham stimulation over the rPPC (electrode position P6). Real stimulation was applied at 90% of motor threshold. Coherence values were computed on the electrodes nearby the stimulated site (i.e., P4, P8, and CP6) considering all possible inter- and intra-hemispheric combinations for the following frequency bands: delta (0.5-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12Hz), low beta (12-20 Hz), high beta (20-30 Hz), and gamma (30-50 Hz). Results and discussion Results revealed a significant increase in coherence in delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands between rPPC and the contralateral homologous sites. Moreover, an increase in coherence in theta, alpha, beta and gamma frequency bands was found between rPPC and right frontal sites, reflecting the activation of the fronto-parietal network within the right hemisphere. Summarizing, subthreshold rTMS over rPPC revealed cortico-cortical inter- and intra-hemispheric connectivity as measured by the increase in coherence among these areas. Moreover, the present results further confirm previous evidence indicating that the increase of coherence values is related to intra- and inter-hemispheric inhibitory effects of rTMS. These results can have implications for devising evidence-based rehabilitation protocols after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mazzi
- Perception and Awareness (PandA) Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sonia Mele
- Perception and Awareness (PandA) Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Bagattini
- Perception and Awareness (PandA) Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Javier Sanchez-Lopez
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Silvia Savazzi
- Perception and Awareness (PandA) Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Trajkovic J, Sack AT, Romei V. EEG-based biomarkers predict individual differences in TMS-induced entrainment of intrinsic brain rhythms. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:224-232. [PMID: 38428585 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Entrainment (increase) and modulation (shift) of intrinsic brain oscillations via rhythmic-TMS (rh-TMS) enables to either increase the amplitude of the individual peak oscillatory frequency, or experimentally slowing/accelerating this intrinsic peak oscillatory frequency by slightly shifting it. Both entrainment, and modulation of brain oscillations can lead to different measurable perceptual and cognitive changes. However, there are noticeable between-participant differences in such experimental entrainment outcomes. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS The current study aimed at explaining these inter-individual differences in entrainment/frequency shift success. Here we hypothesize that the width and the height of the Arnold tongue, i.e., the frequency offsets that can still lead to oscillatory change, can be individually modelled via resting-state neural markers, and may explain and predict efficacy and limitation of successful rhythmic-TMS (rh-TMS) manipulation. METHODS Spectral decomposition of resting-state data was used to extract the spectral curve of alpha activity, serving as a proxy of an individual Arnold tongue. These parameters were then used as predictors of the rh-TMS outcome, when increasing alpha-amplitude (i.e., applying pulse train tuned to the individual alpha frequency, IAF), or modulating the alpha-frequency (i.e., making alpha faster or slower by stimulating at IAF±1Hz frequencies). RESULTS Our results showed that the height of the at-rest alpha curve predicted how well the entrainment increased the intrinsic oscillatory peak frequency, with a higher at-rest spectral curve negatively predicting amplitude-enhancement during entrainment selectively during IAF-stimulation. In contrast, the wider the resting-state alpha curve, the higher the modulation effects aiming to shift the intrinsic frequency towards faster or slower rhythms. CONCLUSION These results not only offer a theoretical and experimental model for explaining the variance across different rh-TMS studies reporting heterogenous rh-TMS outcomes, but also introduce a potential biomarker and corresponding evaluative tool to develop most optimal and personalized rh-TMS protocols, both in research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Trajkovic
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, the Netherlands; Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Cesena, 47521, Italy.
| | - Alexander T Sack
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, the Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Cesena, 47521, Italy; Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, 28015, Spain.
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Lin CT, Wang Y, Chen SF, Huang KC, Liao LD. Design and verification of a wearable wireless 64-channel high-resolution EEG acquisition system with wi-fi transmission. Med Biol Eng Comput 2023; 61:3003-3019. [PMID: 37563528 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) allow communication between the brain and the external world. This type of technology has been extensively studied. However, BCI instruments with high signal quality are typically heavy and large. Thus, recording electroencephalography (EEG) signals is an inconvenient task. In recent years, system-on-chip (SoC) approaches have been integrated into BCI research, and sensors for wireless portable devices have been developed; however, there is still considerable work to be done. As neuroscience research has advanced, EEG signal analyses have come to require more accurate data. Due to the limited bandwidth of Bluetooth wireless transmission technology, EEG measurement systems with more than 16 channels must be used to reduce the sampling rate and prevent data loss. Therefore, the goal of this study was to develop a multichannel, high-resolution (24-bit), high-sampling-rate EEG BCI device that transmits signals via Wi-Fi. We believe that this system can be used in neuroscience research. The EEG acquisition system proposed in this work is based on a Cortex-M4 microcontroller with a Wi-Fi subsystem, providing a multichannel design and improved signal quality. This system is compatible with wet sensors, Ag/AgCl electrodes, and dry sensors. A LabVIEW-based user interface receives EEG data via Wi-Fi transmission and saves the raw data for offline analysis. In previous cognitive experiments, event tags have been communicated using Recommended Standard 232 (RS-232). The developed system was validated through event-related potential (ERP) and steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) experiments. Our experimental results demonstrate that this system is suitable for recording EEG measurements and has potential in practical applications. The advantages of the developed system include its high sampling rate and high amplification. Additionally, in the future, Internet of Things (IoT) technology can be integrated into the system for remote real-time analysis or edge computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Teng Lin
- Human-centric AI Centre (HAI), Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Australia Artificial Intelligence Institute, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Brain Science and Technology Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Yuhling Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chih Huang
- Brain Science and Technology Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Electrical Control Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Lun-De Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.
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Bianco V, Arrigoni E, Di Russo F, Romero Lauro LJ, Pisoni A. Top-down reconfiguration of SMA cortical connectivity during action preparation. iScience 2023; 26:107430. [PMID: 37575197 PMCID: PMC10415800 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bereitschaftspotential (BP), a scalp potential recorded in humans during action preparation, is characterized by a slow amplitude increase over fronto-central regions as action execution approaches. We recorded TMS evoked-potentials (TEP) stimulating the supplementary motor area (SMA) at different time-points during a Go/No-Go task to assess whether and how cortical excitability and connectivity of this region change as the BP increases. When approaching BP peak, left SMA reactivity resulted greater. Concurrently, its effective connectivity increased with the left occipital areas, while it decreased with the right inferior frontal gyrus, indicating a fast reconfiguration of cortical networks during the preparation of the forthcoming action. Functional connectivity patterns supported these findings, suggesting a critical role of frequency-specific inter-areal interactions in implementing top-down mechanisms in the sensorimotor system prior to action. These findings reveal that BP time-course reflects quantitative and qualitative changes in SMA communication patterns that shape mechanisms involved in motor readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bianco
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Arrigoni
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza Lauro De Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Leonor Josefina Romero Lauro
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
- NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Pisoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
- NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
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Bertaccini R, Ippolito G, Tarasi L, Zazio A, Stango A, Bortoletto M, Romei V. Rhythmic TMS as a Feasible Tool to Uncover the Oscillatory Signatures of Audiovisual Integration. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1746. [PMID: 37371840 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multisensory integration is quintessential to adaptive behavior, with clinical populations showing significant impairments in this domain, most notably hallucinatory reports. Interestingly, altered cross-modal interactions have also been reported in healthy individuals when engaged in tasks such as the Sound-Induced Flash-Illusion (SIFI). The temporal dynamics of the SIFI have been recently tied to the speed of occipital alpha rhythms (IAF), with faster oscillations entailing reduced temporal windows within which the illusion is experienced. In this regard, entrainment-based protocols have not yet implemented rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (rhTMS) to causally test for this relationship. It thus remains to be evaluated whether rhTMS-induced acoustic and somatosensory sensations may not specifically interfere with the illusion. Here, we addressed this issue by asking 27 volunteers to perform a SIFI paradigm under different Sham and active rhTMS protocols, delivered over the occipital pole at the IAF. Although TMS has been proven to act upon brain tissues excitability, results show that the SIFI occurred for both Sham and active rhTMS, with the illusory rate not being significantly different between baseline and stimulation conditions. This aligns with the discrete sampling hypothesis, for which alpha amplitude modulation, known to reflect changes in cortical excitability, should not account for changes in the illusory rate. Moreover, these findings highlight the viability of rhTMS-based interventions as a means to probe the neuroelectric signatures of illusory and hallucinatory audiovisual experiences, in healthy and neuropsychiatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Bertaccini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Neurophysiology Lab., IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Luca Tarasi
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Agnese Zazio
- Neurophysiology Lab., IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonietta Stango
- Neurophysiology Lab., IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Bortoletto
- Neurophysiology Lab., IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, 28015 Madrid, Spain
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Li W, Li Y, Cao D, Qian Z, Tang Y, Wang J. TMS-EEG signatures of facilitated cognitive reappraisal in emotion regulation by left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex stimulation. Neuropsychologia 2023; 184:108560. [PMID: 37028796 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) has been demonstrated to be a crucial region involved in the down-regulation of negative affect by cognitive reappraisal. However, the neural evidence of causality is still lacking. The current study was to investigate the contribution of left VLPFC in cognitive reappraisal by using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) and electroencephalogram (EEG). METHODS Fifteen participants repeated the cognitive reappraisal task at different TMS settings: no stimulation, spTMS applied at 300 ms after image onset to the left VLPFC, and to the vertex as a control site. EEG and behavioral data were concurrently recorded. TMS-evoked potential (TEP) and late positive potential (LPP) were investigated. RESULTS In cognitive reappraisal, left VLPFC stimulation elicited stronger TEPs than vertex stimulation at 180 ms after TMS onset. Increased source activation of TEPs was identified in the precentral gyrus. Emotion regulation by reappraisal enlarged the trough of TEP at stimulation site. The left VLPFC stimulation led to enhanced LPP in cognitive reappraisal, which was negatively correlated with self-reported arousal. CONCLUSIONS The TMS stimulation over left VLPFC influences the cognitive reappraisal process by potentiating the neural responses. Accordingly, the cortical region responsible for the execution of cognitive reappraisal is activated. The modulated neural activity is related to the behavioral response. The present study provided neural signatures for the facilitated execution of emotion regulation by left VLPFC stimulation, potentially contributing to the therapeutic protocols for mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; College of International Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Dan Cao
- Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Zhenying Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Hernandez-Pavon JC, Veniero D, Bergmann TO, Belardinelli P, Bortoletto M, Casarotto S, Casula EP, Farzan F, Fecchio M, Julkunen P, Kallioniemi E, Lioumis P, Metsomaa J, Miniussi C, Mutanen TP, Rocchi L, Rogasch NC, Shafi MM, Siebner HR, Thut G, Zrenner C, Ziemann U, Ilmoniemi RJ. TMS combined with EEG: Recommendations and open issues for data collection and analysis. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:567-593. [PMID: 36828303 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) evokes neuronal activity in the targeted cortex and connected brain regions. The evoked brain response can be measured with electroencephalography (EEG). TMS combined with simultaneous EEG (TMS-EEG) is widely used for studying cortical reactivity and connectivity at high spatiotemporal resolution. Methodologically, the combination of TMS with EEG is challenging, and there are many open questions in the field. Different TMS-EEG equipment and approaches for data collection and analysis are used. The lack of standardization may affect reproducibility and limit the comparability of results produced in different research laboratories. In addition, there is controversy about the extent to which auditory and somatosensory inputs contribute to transcranially evoked EEG. This review provides a guide for researchers who wish to use TMS-EEG to study the reactivity of the human cortex. A worldwide panel of experts working on TMS-EEG covered all aspects that should be considered in TMS-EEG experiments, providing methodological recommendations (when possible) for effective TMS-EEG recordings and analysis. The panel identified and discussed the challenges of the technique, particularly regarding recording procedures, artifact correction, analysis, and interpretation of the transcranial evoked potentials (TEPs). Therefore, this work offers an extensive overview of TMS-EEG methodology and thus may promote standardization of experimental and computational procedures across groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Hernandez-Pavon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Legs + Walking Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Brain Stimulation, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | - Til Ole Bergmann
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
| | - Paolo Belardinelli
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, TN, Italy; Department of Neurology & Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marta Bortoletto
- Neurophysiology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Casarotto
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elias P Casula
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Faranak Farzan
- Simon Fraser University, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matteo Fecchio
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petro Julkunen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elisa Kallioniemi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pantelis Lioumis
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Metsomaa
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carlo Miniussi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Tuomas P Mutanen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nigel C Rogasch
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mouhsin M Shafi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gregor Thut
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Zrenner
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Risto J Ilmoniemi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; BioMag Laboratory, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki University and Aalto University School of Science, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Maiella M, Casula EP, Borghi I, Assogna M, D’Acunto A, Pezzopane V, Mencarelli L, Rocchi L, Pellicciari MC, Koch G. Simultaneous transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation boost gamma oscillations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19391. [PMID: 36371451 PMCID: PMC9653481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural oscillations in the gamma frequency band have been identified as a fundament for synaptic plasticity dynamics and their alterations are central in various psychiatric and neurological conditions. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and alternating electrical stimulation (tACS) may have a strong therapeutic potential by promoting gamma oscillations expression and plasticity. Here we applied intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS), an established TMS protocol known to induce LTP-like cortical plasticity, simultaneously with transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at either theta (θtACS) or gamma (γtACS) frequency on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). We used TMS in combination with electroencephalography (EEG) to evaluate changes in cortical activity on both left/right DLPFC and over the vertex. We found that simultaneous iTBS with γtACS but not with θtACS resulted in an enhancement of spectral gamma power, a trend in shift of individual peak frequency towards faster oscillations and an increase of local connectivity in the gamma band. Furthermore, the response to the neuromodulatory protocol, in terms of gamma oscillations and connectivity, were directly correlated with the initial level of cortical excitability. These results were specific to the DLPFC and confined locally to the site of stimulation, not being detectable in the contralateral DLPFC. We argue that the results described here could promote a new and effective method able to induce long-lasting changes in brain plasticity useful to be clinically applied to several psychiatric and neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Maiella
- grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Elias Paolo Casula
- grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179 Rome, Italy ,grid.7841.aDepartment of Psychology, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Borghi
- grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179 Rome, Italy ,grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Assogna
- grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia D’Acunto
- grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pezzopane
- grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Mencarelli
- grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Institute of Neurology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Pellicciari
- grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- grid.417778.a0000 0001 0692 3437Department of Behavioural and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179 Rome, Italy ,grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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11
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Zazio A, Barchiesi G, Ferrari C, Marcantoni E, Bortoletto M. M1-P15 as a cortical marker for transcallosal inhibition: A preregistered TMS-EEG study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:937515. [PMID: 36188169 PMCID: PMC9523880 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.937515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recently published study combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG), an early component of TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs), i.e., M1-P15, was proposed as a measure of transcallosal inhibition between motor cortices. Given that early TEPs are known to be highly variable, further evidence is needed before M1-P15 can be considered a reliable index of effective connectivity. Here, we conceived a new preregistered TMS-EEG study with two aims. The first aim was validating the M1-P15 as a cortical index of transcallosal inhibition by replicating previous findings on its relationship with the ipsilateral silent period (iSP) and with performance in bimanual coordination. The second aim was inducing a task-dependent modulation of transcallosal inhibition. A new sample of 32 healthy right-handed participants underwent behavioral motor tasks and TMS-EEG recording, in which left and right M1 were stimulated both during bimanual tasks and during an iSP paradigm. Hypotheses and methods were preregistered before data collection. Results show a replication of our previous findings on the positive relationship between M1-P15 amplitude and the iSP normalized area. Differently, the relationship between M1-P15 latency and bimanual coordination was not confirmed. Finally, M1-P15 amplitude was modulated by the characteristics of the bimanual task the participants were performing, and not by the contralateral hand activity during the iSP paradigm. In sum, the present results corroborate our previous findings in validating the M1-P15 as a cortical marker of transcallosal inhibition and provide novel evidence of its task-dependent modulation. Importantly, we demonstrate the feasibility of preregistration in the TMS-EEG field to increase methodological rigor and transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Zazio
- Neurophysiology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Agnese Zazio
| | - Guido Barchiesi
- Neurophysiology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Cognition in Action (CIA) Unit - PHILAB, Department of Philosophy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Statistics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Marcantoni
- Neurophysiology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Bortoletto
- Neurophysiology Lab, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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12
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An H, Bashir S, Cha E, Lee J, Ohn SH, Jung KI, Yoo WK. Continuous theta-burst stimulation over the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus induced compensatory plasticity in the language network. Front Neurol 2022; 13:950718. [PMID: 36188373 PMCID: PMC9518904 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.950718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) has been used as an effective tool in inducing inhibitory aftereffect within a short time periods in the motor cortex; this has been demonstrated in the language network to a limited degree with controversial effect. In this study, we aimed to delineate the offline effect of cTBS-induced changes to the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus (pIFG) in healthy subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods Twenty healthy, normal subjects (mean age: 30.84 years) were recruited. They all were right-handed and had no contra-indications for fMRI or cTBS. They were randomly assigned into the treatment group or the sham control group. Results ANOVA showed that cTBS had a significant main effect only when the sham treatment was subtracted from the real stimulation in left superior temporal, left inferior frontal gyrus, thalamus, and right insular cortex (uncorrected p < 0.002). The subjects' post-cTBS condition differed significantly from their pre-cTBS condition in the left pIFG (uncorrected p < 0.002). There were interactions in the pIFG, bilateral superior parietal lobules, left superior temporal, left supramarginal, and left cuneus areas. The application of cTBS induced increased BOLD signals in language-related networks by stimulating the left pIFG (BA 44). This implies that inhibiting the pIFG led to increased use of language network resources. Conclusion This study demonstrated cTBS-induced changes in the language network caused by stimulation of the left pIFG. Based on these findings, future studies on the therapeutic effects of cTBS on the right Broca's homolog area are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyunJung An
- Hallym Institute for Interdisciplinary Program Molecular Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chunchon, South Korea
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eunsil Cha
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Jeongeun Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Suk Hoon Ohn
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Ik Jung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Woo-Kyoung Yoo
- Hallym Institute for Interdisciplinary Program Molecular Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chunchon, South Korea
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Woo-Kyoung Yoo ;
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13
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Kim S, Kim TS, Lee WH. Accelerating 3D Convolutional Neural Network with Channel Bottleneck Module for EEG-Based Emotion Recognition. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22186813. [PMID: 36146160 PMCID: PMC9500982 DOI: 10.3390/s22186813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Deep learning-based emotion recognition using EEG has received increasing attention in recent years. The existing studies on emotion recognition show great variability in their employed methods including the choice of deep learning approaches and the type of input features. Although deep learning models for EEG-based emotion recognition can deliver superior accuracy, it comes at the cost of high computational complexity. Here, we propose a novel 3D convolutional neural network with a channel bottleneck module (CNN-BN) model for EEG-based emotion recognition, with the aim of accelerating the CNN computation without a significant loss in classification accuracy. To this end, we constructed a 3D spatiotemporal representation of EEG signals as the input of our proposed model. Our CNN-BN model extracts spatiotemporal EEG features, which effectively utilize the spatial and temporal information in EEG. We evaluated the performance of the CNN-BN model in the valence and arousal classification tasks. Our proposed CNN-BN model achieved an average accuracy of 99.1% and 99.5% for valence and arousal, respectively, on the DEAP dataset, while significantly reducing the number of parameters by 93.08% and FLOPs by 94.94%. The CNN-BN model with fewer parameters based on 3D EEG spatiotemporal representation outperforms the state-of-the-art models. Our proposed CNN-BN model with a better parameter efficiency has excellent potential for accelerating CNN-based emotion recognition without losing classification performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungkyu Kim
- Department of Software Convergence, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Tae-Seong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Department of Software Convergence, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-201-3750
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14
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Farzan F, Bortoletto M. Identification and verification of a 'true' TMS evoked potential in TMS-EEG. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 378:109651. [PMID: 35714721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The concurrent combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) can unveil functional neural mechanisms with applications in basic and clinical research. In particular, TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) potentially allow studying excitability and connectivity of the cortex in a causal manner that is not easily or non-invasively attainable with other neuroimaging techniques. The TEP waveform is obtained by isolating the EEG responses phase-locked to the time of TMS application. The intended component in a TEP waveform is the cortical activation by the TMS-induced electric current, free of instrumental and physiological artifact sources. This artifact-free cortical activation can be referred to as 'true' TEP. However, due to many unwanted auxiliary effects of TMS, the interpretation of 'true' TEPs has not been free of controversy. This paper reviews the most recent understandings of 'true' TEPs and their application. In the first part of the paper, TEP components are defined according to recommended methodologies. In the second part, the verification of 'true' TEP is discussed along with its sensitivity to brain-state, age, and disease. The various proposed origins of TEP components are then presented in the context of existing literature. Throughout the paper, lessons learned from the past TMS-EEG studies are highlighted to guide the identification and interpretation of 'true' TEPs in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Farzan
- eBrain Lab, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada; University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Marta Bortoletto
- Neurophysiology lab, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
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15
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Age-related changes in cortical excitability linked to decreased attentional and inhibitory control. Neuroscience 2022; 495:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Pabst A, Proksch S, Médé B, Comstock DC, Ross JM, Balasubramaniam R. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) on cognitive enhancement. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104587. [PMID: 35202646 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) has been used to focally regulate excitability of neural cortex over the past decade - however there is little consensus on the generalizability of effects reported in individual studies. Many studies use small sample sizes (N < 30), and there is a considerable amount of methodological heterogeneity in application of the stimulation itself. This systematic meta-analysis aims to consolidate the extant literature and determine if up-regulatory theta-burst stimulation reliably enhances cognition through measurable behavior. Results show that iTBS - when compared to suitable control conditions - may enhance cognition when outlier studies are removed, but also that there is a significant amount of heterogeneity across studies. Significant contributors to between-study heterogeneity include location of stimulation and method of navigation to the stimulation site. Surprisingly, the type of cognitive domain investigated was not a significant contributor of heterogeneity. The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrate that standardization of iTBS is urgent and necessary to determine if neuroenhancement of particular cognitive faculties are reliable and robust, and measurable through observable behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Pabst
- Department of Cognitive and Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA; Accenture Labs, 415 Mission Street, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA.
| | - Shannon Proksch
- Department of Cognitive and Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
| | - Butovens Médé
- Department of Cognitive and Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
| | - Daniel C Comstock
- Department of Cognitive and Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
| | - Jessica Marie Ross
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Stanford University, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | - Ramesh Balasubramaniam
- Department of Cognitive and Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
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17
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Wang Y, Niu Z, Xia X, Bai Y, Liang Z, He J, Li X. Application of fast perturbational complexity index to the diagnosis and prognosis for disorders of consciousness. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2022; 30:509-518. [PMID: 35213312 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2022.3154772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diagnosis and prognosis of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) is a challenge for neuroscience and clinical practice. Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is an effective tool to measure the level of consciousness. However, a scientific and accurate method to quantify TMS-evoked activity is still lacking. This study applied fast perturbational complexity index (PCIst) to the diagnosis and prognosis of DOC patients. METHODS TMS-EEG data of 30 normal healthy participants (NOR) and 181 DOC patients were collected. The PCIst was used to assess the time-space complexity of TMS-evoked potentials (TEP). We selected parameters of PCIst in terms of data length, data delay, sampling rate and frequency band. In addition, we collected Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) values for 114 DOC patients after one year. Finally, we trained the classification and regression model. RESULTS 1) PCIst shows the differences among NOR, minimally consciousness state (MCS) and unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and has low computational cost. 2) Optimal parameters of data length and delay after TMS are 300ms and 101-300ms. Significant differences of PCIst at 5-8Hz and 9-12Hz bands are found among NOR, MCS and UWS groups. PCIst still works when TEP is down-sampled to 250 Hz. 3) PCIst at 9-12Hz shows the highest performance in diagnosis and prognosis of DOC. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that PCIst can quantify the level of consciousness. PCIst is a potential measure for the diagnosis and prognosis of DOC patients.
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18
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Koch G, Spampinato D. Alzheimer disease and neuroplasticity. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:473-479. [PMID: 35034755 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered the most harmful form of dementia in the elderly population. At present, there are no effective treatments and this is likely due to the incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology. Recent data indicate that synaptic dysfunction could be a central element of AD pathophysiology. It was found that a synaptic breakdown is an early event that heralds neuronal degeneration. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been recently introduced as a novel approach to identify the early signatures of synaptic dysfunction characterizing AD pathophysiology. In this chapter, we review the new neurophysiologic signatures of AD that have been emphasized by TMS studies. We show how TMS measurement of neuroplasticity identified long-term potentiation (LTP)-like cortical plasticity as a key element of AD synaptic dysfunction. These measurements are useful to increase the accuracy of differential diagnosis, predict disease progression, and anticipate response to therapy. Moreover, enhancing neuroplasticity holds as a promising therapeutic approach to improve cognition in AD. In recent years, studies showed treatments with multiple sessions of rTMS can influence cognition in people with neurodegenerative diseases. In the second part of this chapter, we also consider novel therapeutic approaches based on the clinical use of rTMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Koch
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
| | - Danny Spampinato
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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19
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Russo S, Sarasso S, Puglisi G, Dal Palù D, Pigorini A, Casarotto S, D’Ambrosio S, Astolfi A, Massimini M, Rosanova M, Fecchio M. TAAC - TMS Adaptable Auditory Control: a universal tool to mask TMS click. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 370:109491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Behavioural effects of task-relevant neuromodulation by rTMS on giving-up. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22250. [PMID: 34795318 PMCID: PMC8602284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that online repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can induce local entrainment of ongoing endogenous oscillatory activity during a task. This effect may impact cognitive performance, depending on the function of the oscillation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of stimulation frequency and target location that are relevant to the cognitive processes of giving-up. We first investigated the correlations between the EEG oscillations and cognitive giving-up processes during problem-solving tasks (Experiment 1). We then conducted online rTMS to examine the frequency-dependent stimulation effects of rTMS on the performance of problem-solving tasks and ongoing oscillations (Experiment 2). The results of Experiment 1 suggested that the frontal theta rhythm is associated with the giving-up processes and that the frontal alpha rhythm is associated with problem-solving behaviour. Accordingly, we hypothesised that rTMS at the theta frequency would induce ongoing theta activity and accelerate the giving-up behaviour, while rTMS at the alpha frequency would induce ongoing alpha activity and slow down the giving-up behaviour in Experiment 2. The results showed that theta-frequency rTMS application induced an increase in theta amplitudes and shortened the giving-up response. Alpha-frequency rTMS application induced an increase in alpha amplitudes, but did not change giving-up responses. Considering the close resemblance between giving-up behaviour and rumination in depression, neuromodulation of cognitive giving-up processes may lead to a new intervention to treat depression by rTMS. Furthermore, this study strengthens the hypothesis that modulating task-relevant oscillations by rTMS could induce behavioural changes related to cognitive performance.
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21
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Alpha-band cortico-cortical phase synchronization is associated with effective connectivity in the motor network. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2473-2480. [PMID: 34454275 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Communication-through-coherence proposes that the phase synchronization (PS) of neural oscillations between cortical areas supports neural communication. In this study, we exploited transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked potentials (TEPs) to test this hypothesis at the macroscale level, i.e., whether PS between cortical areas supports interarea communication. TEPs are electroencephalographic (EEG) responses time-locked to TMS pulses reflecting interarea communication, as they are generated by the transmission of neural activity from the stimulated area to connected regions. If interarea PS is important for communication, it should be associated with the TEP amplitude in the connected areas. METHODS TMS was delivered over the left primary motor cortex (M1) of fourteen healthy volunteers, and 70-channel EEG was recorded. Early TEP components were source-localized to identify their generators, i.e., distant brain regions activated by M1 through effective connections. Next, linear regressions were used to test the relationship between the TEP amplitude and the pre-stimulus PS between the M1 and the connected regions in four frequency bands (range 4-45 Hz). RESULTS Pre-stimulus interarea PS in the alpha-band was positively associated with the amplitude of early TEP components, namely, the N15 (ipsilateral supplementary motor area), P25 (contralateral M1) and P60 (ipsilateral parietal cortex). CONCLUSIONS Alpha-band PS predicts the response amplitude of the distant brain regions effectively connected to M1. SIGNIFICANCE Our study supports the role of EEG-PS in interarea communication, as theorized by communication-through-coherence.
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22
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Leuchter AF, Wilson AC, Vince-Cruz N, Corlier J. Novel method for identification of individualized resonant frequencies for treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) using repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS): A proof-of-concept study. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:1373-1383. [PMID: 34425244 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), but therapeutic benefit is highly variable. Clinical improvement is related to changes in brain circuits, which have preferred resonant frequencies (RFs) and vary across individuals. OBJECTIVE We developed a novel rTMS-electroencephalography (rTMS-EEG) interrogation paradigm to identify RFs using the association of power/connectivity measures with symptom severity and treatment outcome. METHODS 35 subjects underwent rTMS interrogation at 71 frequencies ranging from 3 to 17 Hz administered to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). rTMS-EEG was used to assess resonance in oscillatory power/connectivity changes (phase coherence [PC], envelope correlation [EC], and spectral correlation coefficient [SCC]) after each frequency. Multiple regression was used to detect relationships between 10 Hz resonance and baseline symptoms as well as clinical improvement after 10 sessions of 10 Hz rTMS treatment. RESULTS Baseline symptom severity was significantly associated with SCC resonance in left sensorimotor (SM; p < 0.0004), PC resonance in fronto-parietal (p = 0.001), and EC resonance in centro-posterior channels (p = 0.002). Subjects significantly improved with 10 sessions of rTMS treatment. Only decreased SCC SM resonance was significantly associated with clinical improvement (r = 0.35, p = 0.04). Subjects for whom 10 Hz SM SCC was highly ranked as an RF among all stimulation frequencies had better outcomes from 10 Hz treatment. CONCLUSIONS Resonance of 10 Hz stimulation measured using SCC correlated with both symptom severity and improvement with 10 Hz rTMS treatment. Research should determine whether this interrogation paradigm can identify individualized rTMS treatment frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Leuchter
- From the TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, And the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- From the TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, And the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nikita Vince-Cruz
- From the TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, And the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Juliana Corlier
- From the TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, And the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Philiastides MG, Tu T, Sajda P. Inferring Macroscale Brain Dynamics via Fusion of Simultaneous EEG-fMRI. Annu Rev Neurosci 2021; 44:315-334. [PMID: 33761268 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-100220-093239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the instrumentation and signal processing for simultaneously acquired electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) have enabled new ways to observe the spatiotemporal neural dynamics of the human brain. Central to the utility of EEG-fMRI neuroimaging systems are the methods for fusing the two data streams, with machine learning playing a key role. These methods can be dichotomized into those that are symmetric and asymmetric in terms of how the two modalities inform the fusion. Studies using these methods have shown that fusion yields new insights into brain function that are not possible when each modality is acquired separately. As technology improves and methods for fusion become more sophisticated, the future of EEG-fMRI for noninvasive measurement of brain dynamics includes mesoscale mapping at ultrahigh magnetic resonance fields, targeted perturbation-based neuroimaging, and using deep learning to uncover nonlinear representations that link the electrophysiological and hemodynamic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios G Philiastides
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8AD, Scotland;
| | - Tao Tu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Paul Sajda
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Radiology and the Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
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24
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Formica C, De Salvo S, Corallo F, Alagna A, Logiudice AL, Todaro A, Bramanti P, Marino S. Role of neurorehabilitative treatment using transcranial magnetic stimulation in disorders of consciousness. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060520976472. [PMID: 33535855 PMCID: PMC7869152 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520976472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of consciousness (DOC) result from brain injuries that cause functional changes in vigilance, awareness and behaviour. It is important to correctly diagnose DOC so that the most appropriate rehabilitation treatments can be initiated. Several studies in DOC patients have demonstrated that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has an important role to play in the recovery of consciousness as highlighted by monitoring clinical scale scores. Although studies indicate that rTMS can be used to aid recovery, it is not combined with other rehabilitative cognitive treatments. As of December 2018, there have been no studies published that combined DOC cognitive rehabilitation with TMS. This current review describes the use of rTMS as a form of non-invasive brain stimulation, as distinct from its use as a tool to investigate residual cortical activity, in terms of its possible therapeutic effects including cognitive rehabilitation. Literature searches were undertaken to identify all relevant studies. The available evidence suggests that rTMS may have an important role to play in in monitoring brain function during recovery and making other intensive rehabilitation treatments more effective, such as sensorial stimulations and cognitive training in patients after a severe acquired brain injury. Further research is required to establish the usefulness of rTMS treatment in DOC rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Formica
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino Pulejo”, Messina, Italy
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Medical
Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Silvia Marino
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino Pulejo”, Messina, Italy
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25
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tDCS over posterior parietal cortex increases cortical excitability but decreases learning: An ERPs and TMS-EEG study. Brain Res 2020; 1753:147227. [PMID: 33385376 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (AtDCS) is generally associated with increased neuronal excitability and enhanced cognitive functioning. Nevertheless, previous work showed that applying this straight reasoning does not always lead to the desired results at behavioural level. Here, we investigated electrophysiological markers of AtDCS-mediated effects on visuo-spatial contextual learning (VSCL). In order to assess cortical excitability changes after 3 mA AtDCS applied over posterior parietal cortex, event-related potentials (ERPs) were collected during task performance. Additionally, AtDCS-induced effects on cortical excitability were explored by measuring TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) collected before AtDCS, after AtDCS and after AtDCS and VSCL interaction. Behavioural results revealed that the application of AtDCS induced a reduction of VSCL. At the electrophysiological level, ERPs showed enhanced cortical response (P2 component) in the group receiving Real-AtDCS as compared to Sham-AtDCS. Cortical responsiveness at rest as measured by TEP, did not indicate any significant difference between Real- and Sham-tDCS groups, albeit a trend was present. Overall, our results suggest that AtDCS increases cortical response to incoming visuo-spatial stimuli, but with no concurrent increase in learning. Detrimental effects on behaviour could result from the interaction between AtDCS- and task-mediated cortical activation. This interaction might enhance cortical excitability and hinder normal task-related neuroplastic phenomena subtending learning.
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26
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Romanella SM, Sprugnoli G, Ruffini G, Seyedmadani K, Rossi S, Santarnecchi E. Noninvasive Brain Stimulation & Space Exploration: Opportunities and Challenges. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 119:294-319. [PMID: 32937115 PMCID: PMC8361862 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As NASA prepares for longer space missions aiming for the Moon and Mars, astronauts' health and performance are becoming a central concern due to the threats associated with galactic cosmic radiation, unnatural gravity fields, and life in extreme environments. In space, the human brain undergoes functional and structural changes related to fluid shift and changes in intracranial pressure. Behavioral abnormalities, such as cognitive deficits, sleep disruption, and visuomotor difficulties, as well as psychological effects, are also an issue. We discuss opportunities and challenges of noninvasive brain stimulation (NiBS) methods - including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) - to support space exploration in several ways. NiBS includes safe and portable techniques already applied in a wide range of cognitive and motor domains, as well as therapeutically. NiBS could be used to enhance in-flight performance, supporting astronauts during pre-flight Earth-based training, as well as to identify biomarkers of post-flight brain changes for optimization of rehabilitation/compensatory strategies. We review these NiBS techniques and their effects on brain physiology, psychology, and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Romanella
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy
| | - G Sprugnoli
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Radiology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G Ruffini
- Neuroelectrics Corporation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K Seyedmadani
- University Space Research Association NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA; Ann and H.J. Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Rossi
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy; Human Physiology Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - E Santarnecchi
- Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (Si-BIN Lab), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Italy; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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27
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Beugré C. Management research in Africa: Insights from organizational neuroscience. AFRICA JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23322373.2020.1829948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constant Beugré
- College of Business, Delaware State University, 1200 N. Dupont Hwy, Dover, DE 19901, USA
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28
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Penton T, Catmur C, Banissy MJ, Bird G, Walsh V. Non-invasive stimulation in the social brain: the methodological challenges. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 17:15-25. [PMID: 32734295 PMCID: PMC9083106 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of non-invasive brain stimulation methods (NIBS) has become a common approach to study social processing in addition to behavioural, imaging and lesion studies. However, research using NIBS to investigate social processing faces challenges. Overcoming these is important to allow valid and reliable interpretation of findings in neurotypical cohorts, but also to allow us to tailor NIBS protocols to atypical groups with social difficulties. In this review, we consider the utility of brain stimulation as a technique to study and modulate social processing. We also discuss challenges that face researchers using NIBS to study social processing in neurotypical adults with a view to highlighting potential solutions. Finally, we discuss additional challenges that face researchers using NIBS to study and modulate social processing in atypical groups. These are important to consider given that NIBS protocols are rarely tailored to atypical groups before use. Instead, many rely on protocols designed for neurotypical adults despite differences in brain function that are likely to impact response to NIBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Penton
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, SE14 6NW, UK.,MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Caroline Catmur
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Michael J Banissy
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, SE14 6NW, UK
| | - Geoffrey Bird
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PH
| | - Vincent Walsh
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
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29
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Nardone R, Sebastianelli L, Versace V, Brigo F, Golaszewski S, Manganotti P, Saltuari L, Trinka E. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in traumatic brain injury: Evidence from animal and human studies. Brain Res Bull 2020; 159:44-52. [PMID: 32251693 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We provide here the first systematic review on the studies dealing with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in animals and humans. Several experimental studies in animal models have explored with promising results the use of rTMS to enhance neuroprotection and recovery after TBI. However, there are surprisingly few studies that have obtained substantial evidence regarding effects of rTMS in humans with TBI, many of them are case reports investigating the heterogeneous conditions linked to TBI. The most studies have investigated the effects of rTMS in subjects with post-traumatic depression and variable effects have been observed. rTMS has been proposed as an experimental approach for the treatment of disorders of consciousness (DOC), but in subjects with TBI therapeutic effects on DOC have also been variously documented. Beneficial effects have been reported in subjects with cognitive/emotional disturbances and auditory dysfunction (tinnitus and hallucinations), although the results are somewhat conflicting. rTMS applied over the left prefrontal cortex may relieve, at least transiently, post-traumatic headache. Isolated rTMS studies have been performed in TBI patients with motor impairment, chronic dizziness or pain. Especially whether provided in combination, rTMS and neurorehabilitation may be synergistic in the potential to translate experimental findings in the clinical practice. In order to reach definitive conclusions, well-designed randomized controlled studies with larger patient samples, improved design and optimized rTMS setup, are warranted to verify and corroborate the initial promising findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Nardone
- Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy; Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Austria; Karl Landsteiner Institut für Neurorehabilitation und Raumfahrtneurologie, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Luca Sebastianelli
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno, Vipiteno, Italy; Research Unit for Neurorehabilitation South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Viviana Versace
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno, Vipiteno, Italy; Research Unit for Neurorehabilitation South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Francesco Brigo
- Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Stefan Golaszewski
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Karl Landsteiner Institut für Neurorehabilitation und Raumfahrtneurologie, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Leopold Saltuari
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Hospital of Vipiteno, Vipiteno, Italy; Research Unit for Neurorehabilitation South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Eugen Trinka
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Centre for Cognitive Neurosciences Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; University for Medical Informatics and Health Technology, UMIT, Hall in Tirol, Austria
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30
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Yoo WK, Vernet M, Kim JH, Brem AK, Bashir S, Ifert-Miller F, Im CH, Eldaief M, Pascual-Leone A. Interhemispheric and Intrahemispheric Connectivity From the Left Pars Opercularis Within the Language Network Is Modulated by Transcranial Stimulation in Healthy Subjects. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:63. [PMID: 32256324 PMCID: PMC7090226 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural activity related to language can be modulated within widespread networks following learning or in response to disruption—including the experimental application of noninvasive brain stimulation. However, the spatiotemporal characteristics of such modulation remain insufficiently explored. The present study combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) to explore the modulation of activity across the language network following continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) of the left pars opercularis. In 10 healthy subjects (21 ± 2 years old, four females), neuronavigated cTBS was delivered over the left pars opercularis of the frontal operculum (part of the traditional Broca’s area) at 80% of active motor threshold (AMT) stimulation intensity. Real cTBS and sham cTBS were performed in two different visits separated by at least 48 h. Before, immediately, and 10 min after cTBS, 30 single pulses of TMS were delivered to the left pars opercularis at 80% of the resting motor threshold (RMT), whereas EEG was simultaneously recorded. We examined the cTBS-induced modulation of phase locking values (PLVs) between the TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) recorded over the pars opercularis and those recorded over its right-hemispheric homolog area, the left supramarginal area, and the left superior temporal area in different EEG frequency bands and different time windows following cTBS. cTBS to the left pars opercularis induced within the gamma band: (1) a significant increase in TEP phase synchronization between the left and right pars opercularis at an early time window (250–350 ms) following cTBS; and (2) significantly increased PLV with the left supramarginal area and the left superior temporal area at a later time window (600–700 ms). In the theta and delta band, cTBS to the left pars opercularis induced significantly increased phase synchronization of TEPs between the left pars opercularis and the posterior left hemispheric language areas at a late time window. In sham condition, there was a significant decrease in TEP phase synchronization of the high beta band between left pars opercularis and left superior temporal area at 200–300 ms. These results contribute to characterize the dynamics of the language network and may have implications in the development of noninvasive stimulation protocols to promote the language rehabilitation in aphasia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Marine Vernet
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), CNRS UMR5292, INSERM, U1028, University Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Jung-Hoon Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Anna-Katharine Brem
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Neuropsychology, Memory Clinic Zentralschweiz, Lucerne Psychiatry, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurophysiology, Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fritz Ifert-Miller
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chang-Hwan Im
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mark Eldaief
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Hinda and Arthur Institute for Aging Research and Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States.,Guttmann Brain Health Institute, Institut Guttmann de Neurorehabilitation, Universitat Autonoma, Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Koch G, Martorana A, Caltagirone C. Transcranial magnetic stimulation: Emerging biomarkers and novel therapeutics in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett 2020; 719:134355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Repetitive TMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modulates the error positivity: An ERP study. Neuropsychologia 2019; 133:107153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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33
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Fertonani A, Pirulli C, Bollini A, Miniussi C, Bortoletto M. Age-related changes in cortical connectivity influence the neuromodulatory effects of transcranial electrical stimulation. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 82:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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High-Density EEG Signal Processing Based on Active-Source Reconstruction for Brain Network Analysis in Alzheimer’s Disease. ELECTRONICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics8091031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurological disorder characterized by a progressive deterioration of brain functions that affects, above all, older adults. It can be difficult to make an early diagnosis because its first symptoms are often associated with normal aging. Electroencephalography (EEG) can be used for evaluating the loss of brain functional connectivity in AD patients. The purpose of this paper is to study the brain network parameters through the estimation of Lagged Linear Connectivity (LLC), computed by eLORETA software, applied to High-Density EEG (HD-EEG) for 84 regions of interest (ROIs). The analysis involved three groups of subjects: 10 controls (CNT), 21 Mild Cognitive Impairment patients (MCI) and 9 AD patients. In particular, the purpose is to compare the results obtained using a 256-channel EEG, the corresponding 10–10 system 64-channel EEG and the corresponding 10–20 system 18-channel EEG, both of which are extracted from the 256-electrode configuration. The computation of the Characteristic Path Length, the Clustering Coefficient, and the Connection Density from HD-EEG configuration reveals a weakening of small-world properties of MCI and AD patients in comparison to healthy subjects. On the contrary, the variation of the network parameters was not detected correctly when we employed the standard 10–20 configuration. Only the results from HD-EEG are consistent with the expected behavior of the AD brain network.
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35
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Perceptual and Physiological Consequences of Dark Adaptation: A TMS-EEG Study. Brain Topogr 2019; 32:773-782. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-019-00715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Tremblay S, Rogasch NC, Premoli I, Blumberger DM, Casarotto S, Chen R, Di Lazzaro V, Farzan F, Ferrarelli F, Fitzgerald PB, Hui J, Ilmoniemi RJ, Kimiskidis VK, Kugiumtzis D, Lioumis P, Pascual-Leone A, Pellicciari MC, Rajji T, Thut G, Zomorrodi R, Ziemann U, Daskalakis ZJ. Clinical utility and prospective of TMS–EEG. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:802-844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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37
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Hill AT, Rogasch NC, Fitzgerald PB, Hoy KE. Impact of concurrent task performance on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)-Induced changes in cortical physiology and working memory. Cortex 2019; 113:37-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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38
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Bauer PR, Helling RM, Perenboom MJL, Lopes da Silva FH, Tolner EA, Ferrari MD, Sander JW, Visser GH, Kalitzin SN. Phase clustering in transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked EEG responses in genetic generalized epilepsy and migraine. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 93:102-112. [PMID: 30875639 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy and migraine are paroxysmal neurological conditions associated with disturbances of cortical excitability. No useful biomarkers to monitor disease activity in these conditions are available. Phase clustering was previously described in electroencephalographic (EEG) responses to photic stimulation and may be a potential epilepsy biomarker. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate EEG phase clustering in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), compare it with photic stimulation in controls, and explore its potential as a biomarker of genetic generalized epilepsy or migraine with aura. METHODS People with (possible) juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), migraine with aura, and healthy controls underwent single-pulse TMS with concomitant EEG recording during the interictal period. We compared phase clustering after TMS with photic stimulation across the groups using permutation-based testing. RESULTS We included eight people with (possible) JME (five off medication, three on), 10 with migraine with aura, and 37 controls. The TMS and photic phase clustering spectra showed significant differences between those with epilepsy without medication and controls. Two phase clustering-based indices successfully captured these differences between groups. One participant was tested multiple times. In this case, the phase clustering-based indices were inversely correlated with the dose of antiepileptic medication. Phase clustering did not differ between people with migraine and controls. CONCLUSION We present methods to quantify phase clustering using TMS-EEG and show its potential value as a measure of brain network activity in genetic generalized epilepsy. Our results suggest that the higher propensity to phase clustering is not shared between genetic generalized epilepsy and migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca R Bauer
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Achterweg 5, 2103 SW Heemstede, the Netherlands; NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Robert M Helling
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Achterweg 5, 2103 SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs J L Perenboom
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando H Lopes da Silva
- Center of Neurosciences, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94215, 1090 GE, the Netherlands; Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Else A Tolner
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Michel D Ferrari
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Josemir W Sander
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Achterweg 5, 2103 SW Heemstede, the Netherlands; NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter SL9 0RJ, UK
| | - Gerhard H Visser
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Achterweg 5, 2103 SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Stiliyan N Kalitzin
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Achterweg 5, 2103 SW Heemstede, the Netherlands; Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Ferrarelli F, Kaskie RE, Graziano B, Reis CC, Casali AG. Abnormalities in the evoked frontal oscillatory activity of first-episode psychosis: A TMS/EEG study. Schizophr Res 2019; 206:436-439. [PMID: 30473213 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
TMS with simultaneous EEG allows assessing the intrinsic oscillatory activity of cortical neurons. We recently showed reduced frontal cortical oscillations in chronic schizophrenia (SCZ). Here we investigated the oscillatory activity of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients after TMS of a frontal area, the motor cortex. Compared to healthy controls, FEP patients had significantly reduced beta/low gamma oscillations, which were associated to worse clinical symptoms. Altogether, this study demonstrates that TMS/EEG recordings: 1) are feasible in acute, early-course psychotic patients; and 2) reveal intrinsic oscillatory deficits at illness onset, which may help design more effective, early interventions in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Rachel E Kaskie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bianca Graziano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catarina Cardoso Reis
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Adenauer G Casali
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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40
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Mattavelli G, Pisoni A, Romero Lauro LJ, Marino BF, Bonomi M, Rosanova M, Papagno C. TMS-EEG approach unveils brain mechanisms underlying conscious and unconscious face perception. Brain Stimul 2019; 12:1010-1019. [PMID: 30852122 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conscious perception of external stimuli has been related to recurrent activity in distributed cortical networks, although brain mechanisms controlling unconscious processing and stimuli access to conscious report need to be clarified. OBJECTIVE This study aims at investigating modulations in cortical excitability related to conscious perception and unconscious processing of face stimuli with different visibility levels. METHODS We used TMS-EEG over the right occipital face area (rOFA), or the right premotor cortex (rPMC) as control site, to measure cortical excitability during a backward masking paradigm with individually defined stimuli visibility. RESULTS Event related potentials showed significant differences for faces compared to houses, and detected faces compared to missed ones, 200 ms post target onset. TMS over rOFA, but not over rPMC, triggered a relative positivity starting 150 ms post target when faces with high visibility were consciously reported. Moreover, rOFA TMS evoked differential responses for high versus low visible faces in conscious and unconscious processing at 290-390 and 180-240 ms, respectively. CONCLUSION Results unveiled a causal link between rOFA excitability and late responses related to access to conscious perception, suggesting a critical role of recurrent activity, but distinct components, for consciously perceived stimuli and unconscious face processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mattavelli
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, 20126, Italy; NeuroMi, Center for Neuroscience, Milano, 20126, Italy.
| | - Alberto Pisoni
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, 20126, Italy; NeuroMi, Center for Neuroscience, Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Leonor J Romero Lauro
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, 20126, Italy; NeuroMi, Center for Neuroscience, Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Barbara F Marino
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Martina Bonomi
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, 20126, Italy
| | - Mario Rosanova
- Department of Clinical Sciences, "Luigi Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20157, Italy
| | - Costanza Papagno
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, 20126, Italy; CeRiN (Centro di Riabilitazione Neurocognitiva), CiMeC, Università degli Studi di Trento, Rovereto, 38068, Italy
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41
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Torriero S, Mattavelli G, Lo Gerfo E, Romero Lauro L, Actis-Grosso R, Ricciardelli P. FEF Excitability in Attentional Bias: A TMS-EEG Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 12:333. [PMID: 30687035 PMCID: PMC6336732 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of distinct cortical regions in guiding social orienting needs further investigation. Our aim was to explore the contribution of the frontal eye field (FEF) in early orienting of attention towards stimuli with social value. We used a TMS-EEG approach to investigate event related potentials (ERPs; no-TMS block) and TMS evoked potentials (TEPs; TMS block) during the cueing phase of a modified version of the dot-probe task, comparing competing (face vs. house) and not competing (house vs. house) conditions. Our results revealed an increased amplitude of ERP components in the competing condition, showing greater posterior N170 and fronto-central vertex positive potential (VPP) and an enhanced frontal negative component at 250-270 ms from cue onset. TMS pulses over the FEF induced similar N170 and VPP amplified components. In addition, in the ERPs, a reduced positivity at 400 ms was shown when the face appeared on the left side vs. the right side of space. In contrast, in the TMS blocks, we found lateralized effects on N170 depending on the side of face presentation. The enhanced cortical excitability induced by TMS over the right FEF significantly correlated with the performance on the behavioral task, suggesting a link between the FEF activity during the cueing phase of the dot-probe task and the subsequent behavioral response times to the targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Torriero
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano—Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Mattavelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano—Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Lo Gerfo
- NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
- Department of Economics Management and Statistics, University of Milano—Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonor Romero Lauro
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano—Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossana Actis-Grosso
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano—Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Ricciardelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano—Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
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Murteira A, Sowman PF, Nickels L. Does TMS Disruption of the Left Primary Motor Cortex Affect Verb Retrieval Following Exposure to Pantomimed Gestures? Front Neurosci 2019; 12:920. [PMID: 30618552 PMCID: PMC6299802 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research suggests that meaning-laden gestures, even when produced in the absence of language (i.e., pantomimed gestures), influence lexical retrieval. Yet, little is known about the neural mechanisms that underlie this process. Based on embodied cognition theories, many studies have demonstrated motor cortex involvement in the representation of action verbs and in the understanding of actions. The present study aimed to investigate whether the motor system plays a critical role in the behavioral influence of pantomimed gestures on action naming. Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) was applied over the hand area of the left primary motor cortex and to a control site (occipital cortex). An action-picture naming task followed cTBS. In the naming task, participants named action pictures that were preceded by videos of congruent pantomimed gestures, unrelated pantomimed gestures or a control video with no movement (as a neutral, non-gestural condition). In addition to behavioral measures of performance, cTBS-induced changes in corticospinal activity were assessed. We replicated previous finding that exposure to congruent pantomimed gestures facilitates word production, compared to unrelated or neutral primes. However, we found no evidence that the left primary motor area is crucially involved in the mechanism underlying behavioral facilitation effects of gesture on verb production. Although, at the group level, cTBS induced motor cortex suppression, at the individual level we found remarkable variability of cTBS effects on the motor cortex. We found cTBS induction of both inhibition of corticospinal activity (with slower behavioral of responses) and enhancement (with faster behavioral responses). Our findings cast doubt on assumptions that the motor cortex is causally involved in the impact of gestures on action-word processing. Our results also highlight the importance of careful consideration of interindividual variability for the interpretation of cTBS effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Murteira
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,International Doctorate of Experimental Approaches to Language and Brain (IDEALAB), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul F Sowman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Perception in Action Research Centre, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lyndsey Nickels
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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43
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Zanon M, Borgomaneri S, Avenanti A. Action-related dynamic changes in inferior frontal cortex effective connectivity: A TMS/EEG coregistration study. Cortex 2018; 108:193-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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44
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Gonzalez-Escamilla G, Chirumamilla VC, Meyer B, Bonertz T, von Grotthus S, Vogt J, Stroh A, Horstmann JP, Tüscher O, Kalisch R, Muthuraman M, Groppa S. Excitability regulation in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex during sustained instructed fear responses: a TMS-EEG study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14506. [PMID: 30267020 PMCID: PMC6162240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Threat detection is essential for protecting individuals from adverse situations, in which a network of amygdala, limbic regions and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) regions are involved in fear processing. Excitability regulation in the dmPFC might be crucial for fear processing, while abnormal patterns could lead to mental illness. Notwithstanding, non-invasive paradigms to measure excitability regulation during fear processing in humans are missing. To address this challenge we adapted an approach for excitability characterization, combining electroencephalography (EEG) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the dmPFC during an instructed fear paradigm, to dynamically dissect its role in fear processing. Event-related (ERP) and TMS-evoked potentials (TEP) were analyzed to trace dmPFC excitability. We further linked the excitability regulation patterns to individual MRI-derived gray matter structural integrity of the fear network. Increased cortical excitability was demonstrated to threat (T) processing in comparison to no-threat (NT), reflected by increased amplitude of evoked potentials. Furthermore, TMS at dmPFC enhanced the evoked responses during T processing, while the structural integrity of the dmPFC and amygdala predicted the excitability regulation patterns to fear processing. The dmPFC takes a special role during fear processing by dynamically regulating excitability. The applied paradigm can be used to non-invasively track response abnormalities to threat stimuli in healthy subjects or patients with mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gonzalez-Escamilla
- Section of Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Venkata C Chirumamilla
- Section of Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Neuroimaging Center Mainz, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tamara Bonertz
- Section of Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sarah von Grotthus
- Section of Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Vogt
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stroh
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences, Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johann-Philipp Horstmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Raffael Kalisch
- Neuroimaging Center Mainz, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Muthuraman Muthuraman
- Section of Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sergiu Groppa
- Section of Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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45
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Waters AC, Veerakumar A, Choi KS, Howell B, Tiruvadi V, Bijanki KR, Crowell A, Riva-Posse P, Mayberg HS. Test-retest reliability of a stimulation-locked evoked response to deep brain stimulation in subcallosal cingulate for treatment resistant depression. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:4844-4856. [PMID: 30120851 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) to the subcallosal cingulate cortex (SCC) is an emerging therapy for treatment resistant depression. Precision targeting of specific white matter fibers is now central to the model of SCC DBS treatment efficacy. A method to confirm SCC DBS target engagement is needed to reduce procedural variance across treatment providers and to optimize DBS parameters for individual patients. We examined the reliability of a novel cortical evoked response that is time-locked to a 2 Hz DBS pulse and shows the propagation of signal from the DBS target. The evoked response was detected in four individuals as a stereotyped series of components within 150 ms of a 6 V DBS pulse, each showing coherent topography on the head surface. Test-retest reliability across four repeated measures over 14 months met or exceeded standards for valid test construction in three of four patients. Several observations in this pilot sample demonstrate the prospective utility of this method to confirm surgical target engagement and instruct parameter selection. The topography of an orbital frontal component on the head surface showed specificity for patterns of forceps minor activation, which may provide a means to confirm DBS location with respect to key white matter structures. A divergent cortical response to unilateral stimulation of left (vs. right) hemisphere underscores the need for feedback acuity on the level of a single electrode, despite bilateral presentation of therapeutic stimulation. Results demonstrate viability of this method to explore patient-specific cortical responsivity to DBS for brain-circuit pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Waters
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ashan Veerakumar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ki Sueng Choi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Bryan Howell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Vineet Tiruvadi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelly R Bijanki
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrea Crowell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Patricio Riva-Posse
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Helen S Mayberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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46
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Ter Braack EM, de Goede AA, van Putten MJAM. Resting Motor Threshold, MEP and TEP Variability During Daytime. Brain Topogr 2018; 32:17-27. [PMID: 30019114 PMCID: PMC6326963 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-018-0662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Humans show a variation in physiological processes during the day. To reliably assess (changes in) cortical excitability with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), it is relevant to know the natural variation in TMS readouts during the day. In case of significant daytime variations, this should be taken into account when scheduling (follow-up) measurements. This study aims to evaluate the influence of the time of day on the resting motor threshold (RMT), motor evoked potential (MEP) and TMS evoked potential (TEP) in healthy controls. TMS–EMG–EEG was recorded in 16 healthy subjects. At both motor cortices, we administered 75 pulses at an intensity of 110% RMT. Subjects were stimulated during five sessions in one day (8:00 AM, 10:30 AM, 1:00 PM, 3:30 PM and 6:00 PM) while keeping the stimulation intensity constant. We compared the TEP waveforms between the five sessions with a cluster-based permutation analysis, and the RMT and MEP amplitude with rmANOVA. In general there were no significant differences between the five sessions in the RMT, MEP amplitude or TEP. Only for the left side, N100 amplitude was larger at 3:30 PM than 10:30 AM. The standard deviation of the P30 and N100 amplitude was significantly higher between subjects within one session than within single subjects during the day. The TEP is highly reproducible during the day, with a low intra-individual variation compared to the inter-individual variation. In addition, we found no significant variation of the RMT and MEP amplitude between multiple sessions on one day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M Ter Braack
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Carré CR 3.623, P.O. 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Annika A de Goede
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Carré CR 3.623, P.O. 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Michel J A M van Putten
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Carré CR 3.623, P.O. 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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47
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Measuring Depth in Still Water: Electrophysiologic Indicators of Residual Consciousness in the Unresponsive Patient. Epilepsy Curr 2018; 18:147-150. [PMID: 29950932 DOI: 10.5698/1535-7597.18.3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Searching for evidence of consciousness in outwardly unresponsive patients presents significant clinical challenges as the spectrum of disorders of consciousness has become more clearly defined, with clinical examination, functional MRI, and electrophysiologic tests having complementary roles in the investigation of minimally conscious patients, those in a locked-in state, coma, or in a vegetative state. Serial bedside electrophysiologic testing can probe for higher order cortical responses temporally and spatially propagated through cortical networks, while long-latency event-related potentials may help differentiate patients with coma or vegetative state from a state of residual consciousness. Transcranial magnetic stimulation co-registered to high-density EEG may reveal widespread pulse-stimulated cortical activation of various brain regions. These emerging electrophysiologic techniques show promise as powerful diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools.
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48
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49
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Rossini PM, Di Iorio R, Granata G, Miraglia F, Vecchio F. From Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer's Disease: A New Perspective in the "Land" of Human Brain Reactivity and Connectivity. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:1389-93. [PMID: 27540962 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In a recent study, analyzing the modulation of γ-band oscillations, Naro and colleagues demonstrated that transcranial alternating current stimulation could drive the gamma rhythms in the human EEG in cognitive healthy elderly subjects but not in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prodromal to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in early AD patients. Therefore, this method is proposed to intercept early in the disease course those MCI subjects who are in a pre-symptomatic stage of an already established AD. This prediction index may help the clinician to adopt a better prevention/follow-up strategy. In this direction, the novel advances in EEG analysis for the evaluation of brain reactivity and connectivity-namely via innovative mathematical approach, i.e., graph theory-represent a promising tool for a non-invasive and easy-to-perform neurophysiological marker that could be used for the pre-symptomatic diagnosis of AD and to predict MCI progression to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Maria Rossini
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Neurology, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Catholic University, Policlinic A. Gemelli Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Brain Connectivity Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Di Iorio
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Neurology, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Catholic University, Policlinic A. Gemelli Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Granata
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Neurology, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Catholic University, Policlinic A. Gemelli Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Miraglia
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Neurology, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Catholic University, Policlinic A. Gemelli Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Brain Connectivity Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vecchio
- Brain Connectivity Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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50
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Du X, Yu C, Hu ZY, Zhou DS. Commentary: Methamphetamine abuse impairs motor cortical plasticity and function. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:562. [PMID: 29225573 PMCID: PMC5705643 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang Yu
- Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, China
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