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Yang J, Li X, Chen S, Li G, Pu P, Yang Y, Wu W, Geng Y, Liu Y. GPRC5A promotes gallbladder cancer metastasis by upregulating TNS4 via the JAK2-STAT3 pathway. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217067. [PMID: 38942137 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member A (GPRC5A) has been reported in multiple cancers and is closely related to patient prognosis. However, the mechanistic role of GPRC5A in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains unclear. Here, we determined tumor expression levels of GPRC5A and the molecular mechanisms by which GPRC5A regulates gallbladder cancer metastasis. We found that GPRC5A was significantly upregulated in GBC, correlating with poorer patient survival. Knocking down GPRC5A inhibited GBC cell metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. GRPRC5A knockdown resulted in downregulation of TNS4 expression through the JAK2-STAT3 axis. Clinically, GPRC5A expression positively correlated with TNS4. Finally, STAT3 bound to TNS4's promoter region, inducing its expression. Overall, GPRC5A showed high expression in GBC tissues, associated with poor patient prognosis. Our findings first demonstrate that the GPRC5A-JAK2-STAT3-TNS4 pathway promotes GBC cell metastasis, suggesting potential therapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Systems Regulation and Clinical Translation for Cancer, Shanghai, 200127, China; State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xuechuan Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Systems Regulation and Clinical Translation for Cancer, Shanghai, 200127, China; State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shili Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Systems Regulation and Clinical Translation for Cancer, Shanghai, 200127, China; State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Peng Pu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Systems Regulation and Clinical Translation for Cancer, Shanghai, 200127, China; State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Systems Regulation and Clinical Translation for Cancer, Shanghai, 200127, China; State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Wenguang Wu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Systems Regulation and Clinical Translation for Cancer, Shanghai, 200127, China; State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yajun Geng
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Systems Regulation and Clinical Translation for Cancer, Shanghai, 200127, China; State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China; Department of General Surgery, Jiading Branch, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201800, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Systems Regulation and Clinical Translation for Cancer, Shanghai, 200127, China; State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Heo H, Kim HJ, Haam K, Sohn HA, Shin YJ, Go H, Jung HJ, Kim JH, Lee SI, Song KS, Kim MJ, Lee H, Kwon ES, Kim SY, Kim YS, Kim M. Epigenetic Activation of Tensin 4 Promotes Gastric Cancer Progression. Mol Cells 2023; 46:298-308. [PMID: 36896596 PMCID: PMC10183796 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.2148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a complex disease influenced by multiple genetic and epigenetic factors. Chronic inflammation caused by Helicobacter pylori infection and dietary risk factors can result in the accumulation of aberrant DNA methylation in gastric mucosa, which promotes GC development. Tensin 4 (TNS4), a member of the Tensin family of proteins, is localized to focal adhesion sites, which connect the extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal network. We identified upregulation of TNS4 in GC using quantitative reverse transcription PCR with 174 paired samples of GC tumors and adjacent normal tissues. Transcriptional activation of TNS4 occurred even during the early stage of tumor development. TNS4 depletion in GC cell lines that expressed high to moderate levels of TNS4, i.e., SNU-601, KATO III, and MKN74, reduced cell proliferation and migration, whereas ectopic expression of TNS4 in those lines that expressed lower levels of TNS4, i.e., SNU-638, MKN1, and MKN45 increased colony formation and cell migration. The promoter region of TNS4 was hypomethylated in GC cell lines that showed upregulation of TNS4. We also found a significant negative correlation between TNS4 expression and CpG methylation in 250 GC tumors based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. This study elucidates the epigenetic mechanism of TNS4 activation and functional roles of TNS4 in GC development and progression and suggests a possible approach for future GC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haejeong Heo
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Keeok Haam
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyun Ahm Sohn
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yang-Ji Shin
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hanyong Go
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Jung
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Kim
- Korea Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Song
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Min-Ju Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Haeseung Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Eun-Soo Kwon
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, UST, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Korea Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Functional Genomics Institute, PDXen Biosystems Co., Daejeon 34129, Korea
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Mirang Kim
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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3
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Huang CW, Lo SH. Tensins in Kidney Function and Diseases. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1244. [PMID: 37374025 DOI: 10.3390/life13061244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tensins are focal adhesion proteins that regulate various biological processes, such as mechanical sensing, cell adhesion, migration, invasion, and proliferation, through their multiple binding activities that transduce critical signals across the plasma membrane. When these molecular interactions and/or mediated signaling are disrupted, cellular activities and tissue functions are compromised, leading to disease development. Here, we focus on the significance of the tensin family in renal function and diseases. The expression pattern of each tensin in the kidney, their roles in chronic kidney diseases, renal cell carcinoma, and their potentials as prognostic markers and/or therapeutic targets are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Su Hao Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Immunohistochemical Expression of Tensin-4/CTEN in Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Dogs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020086. [PMID: 36851390 PMCID: PMC9960384 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
C-terminal tensin-like (tensin-4/TNS4/CTEN) is the fourth member of the tensin family, frequently described as displaying oncological functions, including cellular migration, invasion, adhesion, growth, metastasis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and apoptosis, in several different types of cancer. To investigate, for the first time, the clinical significance of CTEN in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of dogs, we studied a total of 45 SCC sections from various dog breeds. The mean age of the affected dogs was 8.9 ± 3.6 years. Immunohistochemistry confirmed strong cytoplasmatic CTEN expression in the basal layer of the epidermis next to the tumor. We detected high CTEN expression associated with the highest grade of the tumor (grade III) and observed 100% of immunopositivity for this tumor grading (p < 0.0001). These data suggest that CTEN is an oncogene in SCC of dogs and a promising biomarker and a therapeutic target for dogs affected by SCC.
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Liu F, Gao X, Liu W, Xue W. Mining TCGA and GEO databases for the prediction of poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma based on up-regulated expression of TNS4. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31120. [PMID: 36281194 PMCID: PMC9592303 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the clinical significance of Tensin4 (TNS4) in human cancers, particularly lung cancer, we mined the Cancer Genome Atlas database for lung adenocarcinoma (TCGA-LUAD) and the Gene Expression Omnibus database to predict poor prognosis based on the up-regulated expression of TNS4 in LUAD. The correlation between the clinical pathologic features of patients and TNS4 gene expression was analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of clinicopathologic characteristics with the overall survival (OS) of cancer patients using TCGA data. The relationship between TNS4 expression and cancer patient survival was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier survival curves and meta-analyses. GO and KEGG were also included in the data mining methods. The expression level of TNS4 in LUAD tissue was higher than that in adjacent normal tissue (P < .001). According to the Kaplan-Meier survival curve, LUAD patients with high TNS4 expression had worse prognosis than those with low TNS4 expression (P < .001 for OS; P = .028 for progression-free survival). A positive correlation between TNS4 expression and poor OS was found with both univariate and multivariate analyses. Increased TNS4 expression in LUAD was closely correlated with a higher disease stage (P = .007), positive lymph nodes (P = .005), and larger tumor size (P = .002). Moreover, meta-analysis including seven independent datasets showed LUAD patients with higher TNS4 had poorer OS (combined hazard ratio = 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.16-1.39). In the high-TNS4 population, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix receptor interactions, and focal adhesion were differentially enriched. Integrin α6β4 and laminin-5 genes were also associated with TNS4. TNS4 expression may be a potential biomarker for predicting poor survival in LUAD. Moreover, the correlation between TNS4 and integrin α6β4 may be attributed to the role of TNS4 in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, PR China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Xinliang Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Wujun Xue
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, PR China
- * Correspondence: Wujun Xue, Department of Kidney Transplantation, Nephropathy Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, PR China (e-mail: )
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Geramoutsou C, Nikou S, Karavias D, Arbi M, Tavlas P, Tzelepi V, Lygerou Z, Maroulis I, Bravou V. Focal adhesion proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma: RSU1 a novel tumour suppressor with prognostic significance. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 235:153950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nizioł M, Zińczuk J, Zaręba K, Guzińska-Ustymowicz K, Pryczynicz A. Increased tensin 4 expression is related to the histological type of gastric cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:1202-1214. [PMID: 35070739 PMCID: PMC8716987 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i12.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Tensin 4 (TNS4) is an adhesive protein belonging to the tensin family. This protein is located in focal adhesion sites. The TNS4 gene is considered an oncogene in numerous cancers. This protein plays an important role in adhesion, migration and proliferation of cells.
AIM To evaluate expression of TNS4 protein in GC tissues and analysis of the clinical and histopathological parameters as well as the overall survival rate of patients.
METHODS The expression of TNS4 was assessed in 89 patients using immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS Positive expression of TNS4 was observed in 49 of 89 patients (55.06%). Higher TNS4 expression was more common in GC tumors with a diameter ≥ 5 cm (P = 0.040). We demonstrated that an increase in TNS4 expression was more frequent in tumors of the histological type without mucinous components than in tumors from mucosal cancers (P = 0.023). Furthermore, TNS4 expression was higher in moderately differentiated tumors than in poorly differentiated and non-differentiated tumors (P = 0.002). Increased TNS4 expression was also noted in the intestinal type of GC according to Lauren’s classification (P = 0.020). No statistically significant correlation was found between the expression of TNS4 and the overall survival rate of patients.
CONCLUSION TNS4 expression was significantly higher in tumors with a diameter ≥ 5 cm of the moderately differentiated intestinal type (according to Lauren’s classification) of GC without a mucinous component. Therefore, increased TNS4 expression is related to the histological type of GC with a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Nizioł
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok 15-089, Poland
| | - Justyna Zińczuk
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok 15-089, Poland
| | - Konrad Zaręba
- The Second Clinical Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok 15-089, Poland
| | | | - Anna Pryczynicz
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok 15-089, Poland
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Lu X, Zhou B, Cao M, Shao Q, Pan Y, Zhao T. CTEN Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis and Growth by Targeting VEGFA Through Down-Regulation of β-Catenin in Breast Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211045506. [PMID: 34817293 PMCID: PMC8661028 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211045506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
C-terminal tensin-like (CTEN) belongs to the tensin gene family, which encodes
proteins that localize to focal adhesions and modulate integrin function.
Accumulating studies have reported that CTEN expression can be upregulated or
downregulated in different types of cancers, suggesting that CTEN has both
oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions. In this study, by analyzing the
expression level of CTEN in the human breast cancer (BRCA) samples from the
clinically annotated genomic database, The Cancer Genome Atlas, we found that
CTEN was downregulated in different BRCA subclasses, including luminal, human
epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive and triple-negative BRCA.
Consistently, the protein level of CTEN was also reduced in BRCA based on the
Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium. In contrast, vascular endothelial growth
factor A (VEGFA), a signal protein that stimulates the formation of blood
vessels, was upregulated in BRCA. CTEN overexpression in human umbilical vein
endothelial cells and MCF7 significantly suppressed the expression of VEGFA,
inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro.
Mechanistically, CTEN bind to casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl), an E3
ubiquitin-protein ligase, and decreased the β-catenin expression. In turn, the
downregulation of β-catenin reduced the expression of VEGFA. Rescuing β-catenin
expression effectively ameliorated the effect of CTEN overexpression in cell
proliferation, migration, and tube formation. In conclusion, CTEN inhibited
tumor angiogenesis by targeting VEGFA through c-Cbl-mediated down-regulation of
β-catenin and may serve as a tumor suppressor in BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Lu
- Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, P.R. China
| | - Minmin Cao
- Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, P.R. China
| | - Qin Shao
- Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, P.R. China
| | - Yukai Pan
- Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, P.R. China
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Liao YC, Lo SH. Tensins - emerging insights into their domain functions, biological roles and disease relevance. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs254029. [PMID: 33597154 PMCID: PMC10660079 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.254029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tensins are a family of focal adhesion proteins consisting of four members in mammals (TNS1, TNS2, TNS3 and TNS4). Their multiple domains and activities contribute to the molecular linkage between the extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal networks, as well as mediating signal transduction pathways, leading to a variety of physiological processes, including cell proliferation, attachment, migration and mechanical sensing in a cell. Tensins are required for maintaining normal tissue structures and functions, especially in the kidney and heart, as well as in muscle regeneration, in animals. This Review discusses our current understanding of the domain functions and biological roles of tensins in cells and mice, as well as highlighting their relevance to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Liao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Su Hao Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Lu X, Zhang Y, Pan Y, Cao M, Zhou X, Zhang T. Overexpression of CTEN is associated with gefitinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:40. [PMID: 33262832 PMCID: PMC7693301 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
COOH-terminus tensin-like molecule (CTEN) is a member of the tensin family, which is considered to be one of the novel proto-oncogenes involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the mechanisms of CTEN in acquired resistance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain relatively unknown. The aim of the present study was to understand the roles of CTEN in acquired gefitinib resistance of NSCLC. The present study investigated the expression level of CTEN using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Cell Counting kit-8 and colony-formation assays were performed to evaluate the proliferative and colony-formative abilities of PC9 and PC9/GR cells in vitro. Mouse xenograft models were used to assess the growth of PC9/GR cells in vivo. A gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell line (PC9/GR) was established, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of CTEN were observed to be higher in PC9/GR cells than in PC9 cells. Notably, the sensitivity of PC9/GR cells to gefitinib was observed to be decreased when CTEN was overexpressed, while PC9/GR cells with CTEN-downregulation showed markedly enhanced sensitivity to gefitinib. In vitro proliferation and colony formation assays revealed that increased CTEN markedly promoted the cell proliferative and colony-forming capacities of PC9 and PC9/GR cells, and CTEN-silencing inhibited the cell proliferative and colony-forming abilities of the PC9 and PC9/GR cells. Notably, deficient expression of CTEN notably retarded the growth of PC9/GR xenografts in vivo. In addition, the plasma mRNA expression of CTEN was notably elevated in patients with NSCLC with acquired gefitinib resistance. Overexpression of CTEN is associated with acquired gefitinib resistance in NSCLC. CTEN may be investigated as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with NSCLC with acquired gefitinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Yukai Pan
- Department of Oncology, The Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Minmin Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Xie Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
| | - Tingrong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, P.R. China
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Fleming JC, Woo J, Moutasim K, Hanley CJ, Frampton SJ, Wood O, Ward M, Woelk CH, Ottensmeier CH, Hafizi S, Kim D, Thomas GJ. CTEN Induces Tumour Cell Invasion and Survival and Is Prognostic in Radiotherapy-Treated Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2963. [PMID: 33066224 PMCID: PMC7602105 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogenous disease treated with surgery and/or (chemo) radiotherapy, but up to 50% of patients with late-stage disease develop locoregional recurrence. Determining the mechanisms underpinning treatment resistance could identify new therapeutic targets and aid treatment selection. C-terminal tensin-like (CTEN) is a member of the tensin family, upregulated in several cancers, although its expression and function in HNSCC are unknown. We found that CTEN is commonly upregulated in HNSCC, particularly HPV-ve tumours. In vitro CTEN was upregulated in HPV-ve (n = 5) and HPV+ve (n = 2) HNSCC cell lines. Stable shRNA knockdown of CTEN in vivo significantly reduced tumour growth (SCC-25), and functional analyses in vitro showed that CTEN promoted tumour cell invasion, colony formation and growth in 3D-culture (SCC-25, Detroit 562). RNA sequencing of SCC-25 cells following CTEN siRNA knockdown identified 349 differentially expressed genes (logFC > 1, p < 0.05). Gene ontology analysis highlighted terms relating to cell locomotion and apoptosis, consistent with in vitro findings. A membrane-based antibody array confirmed that CTEN regulated multiple apoptosis-associated proteins, including HSP60 and cleaved caspase-3. Notably, in a mixed cohort of HPV+ve and HPV-ve HNSCC patients (n = 259), we found a significant, independent negative association of CTEN with prognosis, limited to those patients treated with (chemo)radiotherapy, not surgery, irrespective of human papillomavirus (HPV) status. These data show that CTEN is commonly upregulated in HNSCC and exerts several functional effects. Its potential role in modulating apoptotic response to therapy suggests utility as a predictive biomarker or radio-sensitising target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Fleming
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
- Liverpool Head & Neck Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 9GA, UK
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
| | - Jeongmin Woo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (J.W.); (C.H.W.)
| | - Karwan Moutasim
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
| | - Christopher J. Hanley
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
| | - Steven J. Frampton
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
| | - Oliver Wood
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
| | - Matthew Ward
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
| | - Christopher H. Woelk
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (J.W.); (C.H.W.)
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
- Liverpool Head & Neck Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 9GA, UK
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool CH63 4JY, UK
| | - Sassan Hafizi
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK;
| | - Dae Kim
- St. George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Tooting, London SW17 0QT, UK;
| | - Gareth J. Thomas
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
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12
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Qi X, Sun L, Wan J, Xu R, He S, Zhu X. Tensin4 promotes invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells via regulating AKT/GSK-3β/snail signaling pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153001. [PMID: 32534709 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most lethal human malignancies, and exploring novel therapeutic targets for the treatment has been a major focus. The molecular mechanism of invasion and migration of GC cells remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of Tensin 4 and the associated molecular signaling pathways in the process of invasion and metastasis of GC. The expression of Tensin 4 protein and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) were evaluated in GC and normal adjacent tissues of 80 patients using immunohistochemistry staining. The expression of Tensin4 mRNA was analyzed in 10 GC tissues and 3 GC cell lines (SGC7901, MKN45, and MKN28) by qPCR. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed using CCK-8 and Transwell assays in the Tensin 4 siRNA transfected SGC7901 cells and Tensin 4 plasmid transfected MKN28 cells. Additionally, protein expressions of Tensin 4, E-cadherin, vimentin, AKT, p-AKT, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, and Snail were analyzed by western blotting. The results demonstrated that the expression of Tensin 4 was significantly up-regulated in the GC tissues and cell lines, especially in the SGC7901 cells. The expression of Tensin 4 positively correlated with p-AKT in GC tissues and with GC progression, and was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of GC. Tensin 4 promoted the invasion and migration abilities of GC cells, but had no significant effect on GC cell proliferation. Tensin 4 promoted the occurrence of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) through up-regulating the expression of p-AKT, p-GSK-3β, and snail. Overall, this study suggests that the activation of AKT/GSK-3β/Snail signaling pathway promoted by Tensin 4 plays an important role in the progression of GC. Therefore, Tensin 4 may serve as a potential target in GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Qi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 ShiZi Street, Suzhou 215006, China; Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 ShiZi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jiayi Wan
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, China
| | - Rongrong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, China
| | - Songbing He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 ShiZi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Xinguo Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 ShiZi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
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Raposo TP, Susanti S, Ilyas M. Investigating TNS4 in the Colorectal Tumor Microenvironment Using 3D Spheroid Models of Invasion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000031. [PMID: 32390347 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
TNS4 (Tensin 4 or Cten) is a putative oncogene in colorectal cancer (CRC) with a role in regulating cell adhesion, motility, invasion, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The objective is to study the role of TNS4 in CRC using more realistic models of the tumor microenvironment. CRC cells expressing TdTomato protein and shTNS4/shLUC hairpin oligos are grown in 3D spheroids with and without cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Adhesiveness to collagen I and CAFs is assessed in 2D and cell proliferation, volume, and invasion are assessed in 3D conditions. The role of TNS4 knockdown in gefitinib chemosensitivity and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Ras protein levels are also tested. In general, TNS4 knockdown increases cell proliferation in cell lines producing compact spheroids. The addition of CAFs in spheroids supports CRC cell proliferation, whereas CAFs themselves do not proliferate, but increases ECM degradation. TNS4 knockdown reduces adhesiveness and 3D invasion and disrupts EGFR signaling which results in increased sensitivity to Gefitinib. In conclusion, in a 3D spheroid model, TNS4 inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell invasion into the ECM, possibly by adhesion to the ECM and stromal cells. TNS4 knockdown enhances sensitivity to the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib and may be helpful for Kirsten ras oncogene homolog mutant CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa P Raposo
- Dr. T. P. Raposo, Dr. S. Susanti, Prof. M. Ilyas, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.,Dr. T. P. Raposo, Dr. S. Susanti, Prof. M. Ilyas, Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Susanti Susanti
- Dr. T. P. Raposo, Dr. S. Susanti, Prof. M. Ilyas, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.,Dr. T. P. Raposo, Dr. S. Susanti, Prof. M. Ilyas, Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, University of Nottingham, UK.,Dr. S. Susanti, Deparment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Banyumas, Central Java, 53182, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Ilyas
- Dr. T. P. Raposo, Dr. S. Susanti, Prof. M. Ilyas, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.,Dr. T. P. Raposo, Dr. S. Susanti, Prof. M. Ilyas, Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, University of Nottingham, UK
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14
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Asiri A, Toss MS, Raposo TP, Akhlaq M, Thorpe H, Alfahed A, Asiri A, Ilyas M. Cten promotes Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer through stabilisation of Src. Pathol Int 2019; 69:381-391. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Asiri
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of MedicineThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, Queen's Medical CentreThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesMinistry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGH) Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael S. Toss
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of MedicineThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Teresa Pereira Raposo
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of MedicineThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, Queen's Medical CentreThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Maham Akhlaq
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of MedicineThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Hannah Thorpe
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of MedicineThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, Queen's Medical CentreThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Abdulaziz Alfahed
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of MedicineThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, Queen's Medical CentreThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical SciencesPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al‐Kharj Saudi Arabia
| | - Abutaleb Asiri
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of MedicineThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, Queen's Medical CentreThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Mohammad Ilyas
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of MedicineThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, Queen's Medical CentreThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
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15
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Hong SY, Shih YP, Lo A, Lo SH. Identification of subcellular targeting sequences of Cten reveals its role in cell proliferation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:450-458. [PMID: 30321615 PMCID: PMC6311424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal subcellular localization plays critical roles in regulating protein function. Cten (C-terminal tensin like) is a member of the tensin family. Cten recruits signaling molecules, such as DLC1, to focal adhesions, modulates homeostasis of receptor tyrosine kinases, including EGFR and c-Met, and promotes cell migration. These functions are likely controlled by Cten localization at focal adhesions and/or in the cytoplasm. In addition, Cten has been detected in the nucleus by which mechanism is unknown. To this end, we have examined the distribution of Cten in various cell lines, determined primary sequence requirements for its nuclear and focal adhesion localizations, and analyzed potential roles of nuclear Cten. Our results show that a proportion of Cten translocates to nuclei in cancer cell lines and that nuclear exporting of Cten is a CRM1-dependent process. A nuclear localization sequence and a nuclear export sequence are identified within Cten. In addition, like other tensins, Cten contains two independent focal adhesion binding sites. Although further expression of recombinant Cten showed no effect on cancer cell proliferation, silencing of Cten significantly reduced cell growth. Furthermore, expression of Cten mutants either with defective nuclear export sequence or tagged with SV40 nuclear localization sequence promoted cell growth. These results suggest that nuclear Cten contributes to cancer cell proliferation. Our findings identify a molecular mechanism for regulating Cten protein trafficking in mammalian cells and provide new insights into the dynamics of focal adhesion complexes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiao-Ya Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Shih
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Abigail Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Su Hao Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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16
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Asiri A, Raposo TP, Alfahed A, Ilyas M. TGFβ1-induced cell motility but not cell proliferation is mediated through Cten in colorectal cancer. Int J Exp Pathol 2019; 99:323-330. [PMID: 30648319 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cten (C-terminal tensin-like) is a member of the tensin protein family found in complex with integrins at focal adhesions. It promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell motility. The precise mechanisms regulating Cten are unknown, although we and others have shown that Cten could be under the regulation of several cytokines and growth factors. Since transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) regulates integrin function and promotes EMT/cell motility, we were prompted to investigate whether TGF-β1 induces EMT and cell motility through Cten signalling in colorectal cancer. TGF-β1 signalling was modulated by either stimulation with TGF-β1 or knockdown of TGF-β1 in the CRC cell lines SW620 and HCT116. The effect of this modulation on expression of Cten, EMT markers and on cellular function was tested. The role of Cten as a direct mediator of TGF-β1 signalling was investigated in a CRC cell line in which the Cten gene had been deleted (SW620ΔCten ). When TGF-β1 was stimulated or inhibited, this resulted in, respectively, upregulation and downregulation of Cten expression and EMT markers (Snail, Rock, N-cadherin, Src). Cell migration and cell invasion were significantly increased following TGF-β1 stimulation and lost by TGF-β1 knockdown. TGF-β1 stimulation of the SW620ΔCten cell line resulted in selective loss of the effect of TGF-β1 signalling pathway on EMT and cell motility while the stimulatory effect on cell proliferation was retained. These data suggested Cten may play an essential role in mediating TGF-β1-induced EMT and cell motility and may therefore play a role in metastasis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Asiri
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Queen's Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Teresa Pereira Raposo
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Queen's Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Abdulaziz Alfahed
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Queen's Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ilyas
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Queen's Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Lu X, Gao J, Zhang Y, Zhao T, Cai H, Zhang T. CTEN induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in non small cell lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198823. [PMID: 29985912 PMCID: PMC6037349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the effects and mechanism of CTEN (COOH-terminus tensin-like molecule) on EMT, cell migration and invasion of Human lung adenocarcinoma cells. The pCMV-vector, pCMV-CTEN, Control-shRNA, and CTEN-shRNA were transfected into A549 and NCI-H1299 cells by Lipofectamine 2000. Transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) -related biomarkers were detected by eliseand western blot. The migration and invasion ability of A549 cells and NCI-H1299 were examined by scratch-wound assay and transwell assay respectively. We found compare with control group, the expression of TGF-β and mesenchymal markers in CTEN overexpression group were increased, and the epithelial marker was decreased, which induced the EMT process. Meanwhile, scratch-woundassay showed that the migration efficiency of A549 and NCI-H1299 cells in CTEN overexpression group were higher than that in control group.Transwell assay demonstrated that the number of cells that migrated and invaded through the membrane were obviously more than those in control group.Furthermore, Knockdown of CTEN partially reversed transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)-induced changes in EMT markers. In conclusion, CTEN activated the expression of TGF-β1, thereby prompting EMT in lung adenocareinma cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, P.R.China
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangyin, P.R.China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, P.R.China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, P.R.China
| | | | - Tingrong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, P.R.China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Sawazaki S, Oshima T, Sakamaki K, Aoyama T, Sato T, Shiozawa M, Yoshikawa T, Rino Y, Imada T, Masuda M. Clinical Significance of Tensin 4 Gene Expression in Patients with Gastric Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:1065-1071. [PMID: 29102927 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overall survival remains unsatisfactory in stage II/III gastric cancer, even after curative resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Tensin 4 (TNS4), a cell adhesion factor, is associated with cancer-cell motility and migration. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined the clinical significance of TNS4 gene expression in 134 patients with stage II/III gastric cancer who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1. TNS4 gene expression in surgical specimens was measured by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS TNS4 gene expression levels were significantly higher in cancer tissue than in adjacent normal mucosa. High TNS4 gene expression was associated with significantly poorer 5-year overall survival than was low expression. On multivariate analysis, TNS4 gene expression was an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION Overexpression of the TNS4 gene is a useful independent predictor of outcomes in patients with stage II/III gastric cancer who undergo surgery and receive adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Sawazaki
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Oshima
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sakamaki
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Aoyama
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Manabu Shiozawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Rino
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshio Imada
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Yokohama-shi Nanbu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Munetaka Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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Clinical significance of pre-surgical serum lipid levels in patients with glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85940-85948. [PMID: 29156768 PMCID: PMC5689658 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that pre-surgical serum lipid levels are linked to the clinical outcome of different types of human malignant tumors, but few studies have explored the prognostic value of these easily accessible parameters in glioblastoma. The aim of the current study was to validate the association between pre-surgical serum lipid levels and the clinical outcome of patients with glioblastoma. The pre-surgical serum lipid levels (triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol) of 125 patients with glioblastoma, who underwent surgery between January 2015 and May 2016, were retrospectively evaluated. The correlation between pre-surgical serum lipid levels and overall survival (OS) was examined using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression model. Univariate analysis showed that lipids associated with OS were total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol levels. Results of multivariate analysis identified LDL cholesterol level as an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with glioblastoma (hazard ratio: 0.412; 95% confidence interval: 0.211-0.801; P = 0.009). Total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels were predictive factors only in univariate analysis, but not in multivariate analysis. The current study demonstrated that pre-surgical serum LDL cholesterol level is an independent prognostic factor for clinical outcomes of patients with glioblastoma. Pre-surgical serum LDL cholesterol level might provide valuable prognostic information for patients with glioblastoma that could be applied in clinical practice.
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Overexpression of CTEN relates to tumor malignant potential and poor outcomes of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84112-84122. [PMID: 29137409 PMCID: PMC5663581 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To detect a novel treatment target for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG), we tested whether C-terminal tensin-like (CTEN), a member of the tensin gene family and frequently overexpressed in various cancers, acts as a cancer-promoting gene through overexpression in AEG. Materials and Methods We analyzed 5 gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) cell lines and 104 primary AEG tumors curatively resected in our hospital between 2000 and 2010. Results CTEN overexpression was detected in GC cell lines (2/5 cell lines; 40%) and primary AEG tumor samples (35/104 cases; 34%). CTEN knockdown using several specific siRNAs inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CTEN-overexpressing cells. CTEN overexpression was significantly correlated with more aggressive venous and lymphatic invasion, deeper tumor depth, and higher rates of lymph node metastasis and recurrence. Patients with CTEN-overexpressing tumors had a worse overall rate of survival than those with non-expressing tumors (P < 0.0001, log-rank test) in an expression-dependent manner. CTEN positivity was independently associated with a worse outcome in the multivariate analysis (P = 0.0423, hazard ratio 3.54 [1.04-16.4]). Conclusions CTEN plays a crucial role in tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through its overexpression, which highlights its usefulness as a prognosticator and potential therapeutic target in AEG.
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Thorpe H, Asiri A, Akhlaq M, Ilyas M. Cten promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the post-transcriptional stabilization of Snail. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2601-2609. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Thorpe
- School of Medicine; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | | | - Maham Akhlaq
- School of Medicine; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | - Mohammad Ilyas
- School of Medicine; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
- The Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
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22
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Identification and quantification of novel RNA isoforms in horn cancer of Bos indicus by comprehensive RNA-Seq. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:259. [PMID: 28330331 PMCID: PMC5143338 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Horn cancer (HC) is a squamous cell carcinoma of horn, commonly observed in Bos indicus of the Asian countries. To elucidate the complexity of alternative splicing present in the HC, high-throughput sequencing and analysis of HC and matching horn normal (HN) tissue were carried out. A total of 535,067 and 849,077 reads were analysed after stringent quality filtering for HN and HC, respectively. Cufflinks pipeline for transcriptome analysis revealed 4786 novel splice isoforms comprising 2432 exclusively in HC, 2055 exclusively in HN and 298 in both the conditions. Based on pathway clustering and in silico verification, 102 novel splice isoforms were selected and further analysed with respect to change in protein sequence using Blastp. Finally, fourteen novel splicing events supported both by Cufflinks and UCSC genome browser were selected and confirmed expression by RT-qPCR. Future studies targeted at in-depth characterization of these potential candidate splice isoforms might be helpful in the development of relevant biomarkers for early diagnosis of HC. The results reported in this study refine the available information on transcriptome repertoire of bovine species and boost the research in the line of development of relevant biomarkers for early diagnosis of HC.
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23
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Tensin4 is up-regulated by EGF-induced ERK1/2 activity and promotes cell proliferation and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20964-76. [PMID: 26035355 PMCID: PMC4673243 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The focal adhesion protein Tensin4, also known as cten (c-terminal tensin like), is structurally distinct from the three other members in the Tensin family. Its expression and potential functions in cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not well understood. With immunohistochemistry, 43% (13/30) of our human HCC cases showed up-regulation of Tensin4 as compared with their corresponding non-tumorous livers. In HCC cells, treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF) significantly induced Tensin4 transcript and protein expression, while treatment with pharmacological inhibitors against the MEK1/2 kinases abolished such induction, suggesting that Tensin4 expression was dependent on Ras/MAPK signaling. With immunofluorescence microscopy, the focal adhesion localization of Tensin4 was confirmed in HCC cells. Significantly, detailed examination using a panel of Tensin4 deletion constructs revealed that this specific focal adhesion localization required the N-terminal region together with the C-terminal SH2 domain. Up-regulation of ERK signaling by EGF in the HCC cells resulted in a change to a mesenchymal cell-like morphology through modulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Functionally, stable Tensin4 knockdown in SMMC-7721 HCC cells resulted in reduced cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Taken together, our data suggest that Tensin4 may play a pro-oncogenic role in HCC, possibly functioning as a downstream effector of Ras/MAPK signaling.
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Thorpe H, Akhlaq M, Jackson D, Al Ghamdi S, Storr S, Martin S, Ilyas M. Multiple pathways regulate Cten in colorectal cancer without a Tensin switch. Int J Exp Pathol 2016; 96:362-9. [PMID: 26852686 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CTEN/TNS4 is a member of the Tensin gene family. It localizes to focal adhesions and induces cell motility. The mechanisms regulating Cten expression are unclear although we have shown regulation by Kras in the colon and pancreas. In normal mammary cell lines, it is reportedly upregulated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and STAT3 signalling and upregulation is accompanied by downregulation of Tensin 3 (Tensin switch). In this study, we investigated the roles of EGFR and STAT3 signalling in the regulation of Cten in colorectal cancer (CRC). In addition, we investigated calpain--a regulator of focal adhesion-associated proteins whose relevance to Cten has not been investigated. CRC cell lines were stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF). This resulted in an increase in Cten and Tensin 3 protein. Kras was knocked down and this resulted in downregulation of Cten and Tensin 3. We next investigated the role of STAT3 signalling. Activation and knockdown of STAT3 resulted in downregulation and upregulation, respectively, of Cten. Inhibition of calpain resulted in upregulation of both Cten and Tensin 3. As the regulators of Cten also seemed to regulate Tensin 3, we tested the interaction between Cten and Tensin 3. Cten was forcibly expressed or knocked down resulting, respectively, in upregulation and downregulation of Tensin 3. We conclude that in CRC, Cten is upregulated by EGFR and Kras but downregulated by STAT3. We show that calpain may be a negative regulator of Cten and that a Tensin switch does not occur and, if anything, Cten stabilizes Tensin 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Thorpe
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Maham Akhlaq
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Darryl Jackson
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Saleh Al Ghamdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, KSAU-HS, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Storr
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stewart Martin
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mohammad Ilyas
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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25
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Kedmi M, Ben-Chetrit N, Körner C, Mancini M, Ben-Moshe NB, Lauriola M, Lavi S, Biagioni F, Carvalho S, Cohen-Dvashi H, Schmitt F, Wiemann S, Blandino G, Yarden Y. EGF induces microRNAs that target suppressors of cell migration: miR-15b targets MTSS1 in breast cancer. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra29. [PMID: 25783158 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors promote tumor growth and metastasis. We found that epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced a set of 22 microRNAs (miRNAs) before promoting the migration of mammary cells. These miRNAs were more abundant in human breast tumors relative to the surrounding tissue, and their abundance varied among breast cancer subtypes. One of these miRNAs, miR-15b, targeted the 3' untranslated region of MTSS1 (metastasis suppressor protein 1). Although xenografts in which MTSS1 was knocked down grew more slowly in mice initially, longer-term growth was unaffected. Knocking down MTSS1 increased migration and Matrigel invasion of nontransformed mammary epithelial cells. Overexpressing MTSS1 in an invasive cell line decreased cell migration and invasiveness, decreased the formation of invadopodia and actin stress fibers, and increased the formation of cellular junctions. In tissues from breast cancer patients with the aggressive basal subtype, an inverse correlation occurred with the high expression of miRNA-15b and the low expression of MTSS1. Furthermore, low abundance of MTSS1 correlated with poor patient prognosis. Thus, growth factor-inducible miRNAs mediate mechanisms underlying the progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Kedmi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nir Ben-Chetrit
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Cindy Körner
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Maicol Mancini
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Noa Bossel Ben-Moshe
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sara Lavi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute "Regina Elena," Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Silvia Carvalho
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hadas Cohen-Dvashi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Fernando Schmitt
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto and Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5C 2C4, Canada. IPATIMUP, University of Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute "Regina Elena," Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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C-terminal tensin-like protein mediates invasion of human lung cancer cells and is regulated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 149:369-75. [PMID: 25439778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES C-terminal tensin-like (Cten) protein, a component of focal adhesions, contributes to cell motility and invasion in multiple human cancers. Epidermal growth factor can activate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and both contribute to invasion through focal adhesion interactions. We hypothesize that Cten may mediate invasion of lung cancer cells provided by epidermal growth factor via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. METHODS Four human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines were treated with epidermal growth factor to evaluate activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway and induction of Cten expression. Chemical inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 was used to evaluate the effect on epidermal growth factor-induced Cten expression. Protein expression was quantified by Western blot. H125 and A549 cells were transduced with short-hairpin RNA via lentiviral vector to knockdown expression of Cten. An in vitro transwell invasion assay was used to assess the effects of Cten knockdown on cell invasion (n = 3 for all experiments). RESULTS Stimulation of lung cancer cells with epidermal growth factor activated the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway and induced expression of Cten in all cell lines. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibition significantly reduced epidermal growth factor-induced expression of Cten in H125 (P < .0001), H358 (P = .006), and H441 (P = .014) cells in a dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of Cten expression resulted in significant decreases in cellular invasion in both H125 (P = .0036) and A549 (P = .0006) cells. CONCLUSIONS These are the first findings in lung cancer to demonstrate that Cten expression mediates invasion of human lung cancer cells and is upregulated by epidermal growth factor via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. Cten should be considered a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.
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Lo SH. C-terminal tensin-like (CTEN): a promising biomarker and target for cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 51:150-4. [PMID: 24735711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
C-terminal tensin-like (cten, also known as tensin4, TNS4) is a member of the tensin family. Cten protein, like the other three tensin family members, localizes to focal adhesion sites but only shares sequence homology with other tensins at its C-terminal region, which contains the SH2 and PTB domains. Cten is abundantly expressed in normal prostate and placenta and is down-regulated in prostate cancer. However, overexpression of cten frequently associates with tumors derived from breast, colon, lung, stomach, skin and pancreas. A variety of cancer-associated growth factors and cytokines induce cten expression. Up-regulated cten promotes cell motility, prolongs epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, and enhances tumorigenicity. Emerging findings suggest that cten is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hao Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
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28
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Haynie DT. Molecular physiology of the tensin brotherhood of integrin adaptor proteins. Proteins 2014; 82:1113-27. [PMID: 24634006 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous proteins have been identified as constituents of the adhesome, the totality of molecular components in the supramolecular assemblies known as focal adhesions, fibrillar adhesions and other kinds of adhesive contact. The transmembrane receptor proteins called integrins are pivotal adhesome members, providing a physical link between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the actin cytoskeleton. Tensins are ever more widely investigated intracellular adhesome constituents. Involved in cell attachment and migration, cytoskeleton reorganization, signal transduction and other processes relevant to cancer research, tensins have recently been linked to functional properties of deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) and a mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), to cell migration in breast cancer, and to metastasis suppression in the kidney. Tensins are close relatives of phosphatase homolog/tensin homolog (PTEN), an extensively studied tumor suppressor. Such findings are recasting the earlier vision of tensin (TNS) as an actin-filament (F-actin) capping protein in a different light. This critical review aims to summarize current knowledge on tensins and thus to highlight key points concerning the expression, structure, function, and evolution of the various members of the TNS brotherhood. Insight is sought by comparisons with homologous proteins. Some historical points are added for perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald T Haynie
- Department of Physics, Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory and Center for Integrated Functional Materials, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620
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Sjoestroem C, Khosravi S, Zhang G, Martinka M, Li G. C-terminal tensin-like protein is a novel prognostic marker for primary melanoma patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80492. [PMID: 24244691 PMCID: PMC3820571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background C-terminal tensin-like protein (Cten) is a focal adhesion protein originally identified as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. It has since been found to be overexpressed and function as an oncogene in numerous other cancers, but the expression status of Cten in melanoma is still unknown. Methods Using tissue microarrays containing 562 melanocytic lesions, we evaluated Cten protein expression by immunohistochemistry. The association between Cten expression and patient survival was examined using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to estimate the crude and adjusted hazard ratios. Results Strong Cten expression was detected in 7%, 24%, 41%, and 46% of normal nevi, dysplastic nevi, primary melanoma, and metastatic melanoma samples, respectively, and Cten expression was found to be significantly higher in dysplastic nevi compared to normal nevi (P = 0.046), and in primary melanoma compared to dysplastic nevi (P = 0.003), but no difference was observed between metastatic and primary melanoma. Cten staining also correlated with AJCC stages (P = 0.015) and primary tumor thickness (P = 0.002), with Cten expression being induced in the transition from thin (<1mm) to thick (≥1mm) melanomas. Strong Cten expression was significantly associated with a worse 5-year overall (P = 0.008) and disease-specific survival (P = 0.004) for primary melanoma patients, and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that Cten expression was an independent prognostic marker for these patients (P = 0.038 for overall survival; P = 0.021 for disease-specific survival). Conclusion Our findings indicate that induction of Cten protein expression is a relatively early event in melanoma progression, and that Cten has the potential to serve as a prognostic marker for primary melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Sjoestroem
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Shahram Khosravi
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guohong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Magdalena Martinka
- Department of Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Koringa PG, Jakhesara SJ, Bhatt VD, Patel AB, Dash D, Joshi CG. Transcriptome analysis and SNP identification in SCC of horn in (Bos indicus) Indian cattle. Gene 2013; 530:119-26. [PMID: 23978612 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) have become the marker of choice for genome wide association studies. In order to provide the best genome coverage for the analysis of disease, production and performance traits, a large number of relatively evenly distributed SNPs are needed. The main objective of present work was to identify large numbers of gene-associated SNPs using high-throughput sequencing in squamous cell carcinoma of horn. RNA-seq analysis was conducted on 2 tissues viz. Horn Cancer (HC) and Horn Normal (HN) in Kankrej breed of cattle. A total of 909,362 reads with average read length of 405 bp for HC and 583,491 reads with average read length of 411 bp for HN were obtained. We found 9532 and 7065 SNPs as well as 1771 and 1172 Indels in HC and HN, respectively, from which, 7889 SNPs and 1736 Indels were uniquely present in HC, 5886 SNPs and 1146 Indels were uniquely present in HN and reported first time in Bos indicus, whereas the rest are already reported in Bos taurus dbSNP database. The gene-associated SNPs and Indels were high in upregulated genes of HC as compared to HN. Analysis of differentially expressed genes was identified, these genes are involved in regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, gene transcription, cell survival and metabolism through various metabolic pathways. The result of transcriptome expression profiling was validated using Real Time quantitative PCR in nine randomly selected genes. We identified numbers aberrant signaling pathways responsible for carcinogenesis in HC which are also commonly altered in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of lung in human being. We conclude that a large number of altered genes and dysfunction of multiple pathways are involved in the development of Horn Cancer. The present findings contribute to theoretical information for further screening of genes and identification of markers for early diagnosis of HC as well as SNPs identified in this report provide a much needed resource for genetic studies in B. indicus and shall contribute to the development of a high density SNP array. Validation and testing of these SNPs using SNP arrays will form the material basis for gene associated SNPs in HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash G Koringa
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388001, Gujarat, India.
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Hong SY, Shih YP, Li T, Carraway KL, Lo SH. CTEN prolongs signaling by EGFR through reducing its ligand-induced degradation. Cancer Res 2013; 73:5266-76. [PMID: 23774213 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of EGF receptor (EGFR) triggers signaling pathways regulating various cellular events that contribute to tissue development and function. Aberrant activation of EGFR contributes to tumor progression as well as therapeutic resistance in patients with cancer. C-terminal tensin-like (CTEN; TNS4) is a focal adhesion molecule that is a member of the tensin family. Its expression is upregulated by EGF and elevated CTEN mediates EGF-induced cell migration. In the presence of CTEN, we found that EGF treatment elevated the level of EGFR protein but not mRNA. The extended half-life of activated EGFR sustained its signaling cascades. CTEN reduced ligand-induced EGFR degradation by binding to the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl and decreasing the ubiquitination of EGFR. The Src homology 2 domain of CTEN is not only required for binding to the phosphorylated tyrosine residue at codon 774 of c-Cbl, but is also essential for the tumorigenicity observed in the presence of CTEN. Public database analyses indicated that CTEN mRNA levels are elevated in breast, colon, lung, and pancreas cancers, but not correlated with EGFR mRNA levels in these cancers. In contrast, immunohistochemistry analyses of lung cancer specimens showed that CTEN and EGFR protein levels were positively associated, in support of our finding that CTEN regulates EGFR protein levels through a posttranslational mechanism. Overall, this work defines a function for CTEN in prolonging signaling from EGFR by reducing its ligand-induced degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiao-Ya Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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32
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Carter JA, Górecki DC, Mein CA, Ljungberg B, Hafizi S. CpG dinucleotide-specific hypermethylation of the TNS3 gene promoter in human renal cell carcinoma. Epigenetics 2013; 8:739-47. [PMID: 23803643 DOI: 10.4161/epi.25075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tensin3 is a cytoskeletal regulatory protein that inhibits cell motility. Downregulation of the gene encoding Tensin3 (TNS3) in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may contribute to cancer cell metastatic behavior. We speculated that epigenetic mechanisms, e.g., gene promoter hypermethylation, might account for TNS3 downregulation. In this study, we identified and validated a TNS3 gene promoter containing a CpG island, and quantified the methylation level within this region in RCC. Using a luciferase reporter assay we demonstrated a functional minimal promoter activity for a 500-bp sequence within the TNS3 CpG island. Pyrosequencing enabled quantitative determination of DNA methylation of each CpG dinucleotide (a total of 43) in the TNS3 gene promoter. Across the entire analyzed CpG stretch, RCC DNA showed a higher methylation level than both non-tumor kidney DNA and normal control DNA. Out of all the CpGs analyzed, two CpG dinucleotides, specifically position 2 and 8, showed the most pronounced increases in methylation levels in tumor samples. Furthermore, CpG-specific higher methylation levels were correlated with lower TNS3 gene expression levels in RCC samples. In addition, pharmacological demethylation treatment of cultured kidney cells caused a 3-fold upregulation of Tensin3 expression. In conclusion, these results reveal a differential methylation pattern in the TNS3 promoter occurring in human RCC, suggesting an epigenetic mechanism for aberrant Tensin downregulation in human kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Carter
- Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science (IBBS), School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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Hung SY, Shih YP, Chen M, Lo SH. Up-regulated cten by FGF2 contributes to FGF2-mediated cell migration. Mol Carcinog 2013; 53:787-92. [PMID: 23625726 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cten is a focal adhesion molecule that is expressed at very low levels in most normal tissues. Nonetheless, its expression has been found to increase dramatically in many types of cancer including colorectal, breast, gastric, and pancreatic cancer, suggesting that cten may play a critical role during tumorigenesis. To study the mechanisms that induce cten expression and the function of up-regulated cten, we examined the effects of several cancer-associated growth factors and cytokines on cten expression. We found that EGF, FGF2, NGF, PDGF, TGF-β, IGF-1, IL-6, and IL-13 were able to induce cten expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The Mek-Erk and PI3K-Akt pathways were two main signaling cascades responsible for cten up-regulation, whereas the Jak-Stat pathway could contribute to the increase in some conditions. Since many of these factors are known to promote cell migration, we hypothesized that up-regulated cten might contribute to this process. This hypothesis was investigated in FGF2-mediated cell migration. Silencing of cten not only reduced regular cell motility but also FGF2-mediated cell migration. Overexpression of cten promoted cell migration and FGF2 treatment failed to further enhance cell migration. Our findings that (1) cten is a common downstream molecule of these cancer-associated growth factors and cytokines; and that (2) up-regulated cten modulates cell migration induced by FGF2 and likely other growth factors as well, strongly suggest that cten could be a potential downstream therapeutic target for treating cancers associated with aberrant signaling of these growth factors and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ya Hung
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California
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Chen NT, Kuwabara Y, Conley C, Liao YC, Hong SY, Chen M, Shih YP, Chen HW, Hsieh F, Lo SH. Phylogenetic analysis, expression patterns, and transcriptional regulation of human CTEN gene. Gene 2013; 520:90-7. [PMID: 23500447 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cten is a focal adhesion molecule and a member of the tensin family. Its expression is highly enriched in the prostate and placenta, suggesting that cten gene might be closely associated with mammalian species. Recent studies have reported that cten expression is frequently up-regulated in a variety of cancers and its levels appear to correlate with tumorigenicity. Here, we have (1) analyzed cten sequences of various species to build a phylogenetic tree, (2) examined cten mRNA levels in human and mouse tissues to establish its expression profiles, and (3) determined the promoter region of human CTEN gene in cell lines and in a mouse model to understand its transcriptional regulation. Our analyses indicate that all currently known cten genes are present in mammals. The prostate and placenta are the two most cten abundant tissues in human and mouse, meanwhile brain and lung also express low levels of cten. Results from cell culture reporter assays demonstrate that a 327-bp fragment is the shortest functional promoter. All functional promoter constructs produce 40- to 160-fold increases in luciferase reporter activities in normal prostate cells, whereas lower activities (<40-fold) are detected in non-prostatic cell lines. To evaluate CTEN promoter activity in mice and develop a new tissue specific Cre recombinase mouse model, we have established pCTEN-Cre:R26R mice by crossing R26R β-galactosidase reporter mice with pCTEN-Cre transgenic mice, in which the 327-bp cten promoter drives the expression of Cre recombinase. X-gal analysis has shown strong β-galactosidase activities in the prostate, brain, and few other tissues in pCTEN-Cre:R26R mice. Altogether, we have identified the promoter region of human cten gene and provided a useful tool for investigating cell lineages and generating tissue-specific knockout or knockin mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nien-Tsu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Al-Ghamdi S, Albasri A, Cachat J, Ibrahem S, Muhammad BA, Jackson D, Nateri AS, Kindle KB, Ilyas M. Cten is targeted by Kras signalling to regulate cell motility in the colon and pancreas. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20919. [PMID: 21698197 PMCID: PMC3116852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CTEN/TNS4 is an oncogene in colorectal cancer (CRC) which enhances cell motility although the mechanism of Cten regulation is unknown. We found an association between high Cten expression and KRAS/BRAF mutation in a series of CRC cell lines (p = 0.03) and hypothesised that Kras may regulate Cten. To test this, Kras was knocked-down (using small interfering (si)RNA) in CRC cell lines SW620 and DLD1 (high Cten expressors and mutant for KRAS). In each cell line, Kras knockdown was mirrored by down-regulation of Cten Since Kras signals through Braf, we tested the effect of Kras knockdown in CRC cell line Colo205 (which shows high Cten expression and is mutant for BRAF but wild type for KRAS). Cten levels were unaffected by Kras knockdown whilst Braf knockdown resulted in reduced Cten expression suggesting that Kras signals via Braf to regulate Cten. Quantification of Cten mRNA and protein analysis following proteasome inhibition suggested that regulation was of Cten transcription. Kras knockdown inhibited cell motility. To test whether this could be mediated through Cten, SW620 cells were co-transfected with Kras specific siRNAs and a Cten expression vector. Restoring Cten expression was able to restore cell motility despite Kras knockdown (transwell migration and wounding assay, p<0.001 for both). Since KRAS is mutated in many cancers, we investigated whether this relationship could be demonstrated in other tumour models. The experiments were repeated in the pancreatic cancer cell lines Colo357 & PSN-1(both high Cten expressors and mutant for KRAS). In both cell lines, Kras was shown to regulate Cten and forced expression of Cten was able to rescue loss of cell motility following Kras knockdown in PSN-1 (transwell migration assay, p<0.001). We conclude that, in the colon and pancreas, Cten is a downstream target of Kras and may be a mechanism through which Kras regulates of cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Al-Ghamdi
- Division of Pathology, Nottingham University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abdulkader Albasri
- Division of Pathology, Nottingham University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Cachat
- Division of Pathology, Nottingham University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Salih Ibrahem
- Division of Pathology, Nottingham University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Belal A. Muhammad
- Division of Pathology, Nottingham University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Division of Pre-Clinical Oncology, Nottingham University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Darryl Jackson
- Division of Pathology, Nottingham University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abdolrahman S. Nateri
- Division of Pre-Clinical Oncology, Nottingham University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Karin B. Kindle
- Division of Pathology, Nottingham University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Ilyas
- Division of Pathology, Nottingham University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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36
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Cten signals through integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and may promote metastasis in colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2011; 30:2997-3002. [PMID: 21339732 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CTEN/TNS4 is an oncogene in colorectal cancer (CRC), which can induce cell motility although its mechanistic basis of activity and the clinical implications of Cten expression are unknown. As Cten is in complex with integrins at focal adhesions, we hypothesised that it may interact with integrin-linked kinase (ILK). Through forced expression and knockdown of Cten in HCT116 and SW620 (respectively, showing low and high Cten expression), we showed that Cten could regulate ILK. However, inhibition of ILK after forced expression of Cten abrogated the motility-inducing effects of Cten, thereby demonstrating that the Cten-ILK interaction was functionally relevant. Combined knockdown of Cten and ILK had no additive effects on cell motility compared with knockdown of each individually. In order to investigate the clinical implications of Cten expression, a series of 462 CRCs were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. High expression of Cten was associated with advanced Dukes' stage (P<0.001), poor prognosis (P<0.001) and distant metastasis (P=0.008). The role of Cten in metastasis was tested by (a) intrasplenic injection of CRC cells stably transfected with a Cten expression vector into nude mice and (b) testing a series of primary human CRCs and their metastases by immunohistochemistry. Compared with controls, mice injected with cells expressing Cten developed larger tumours in the spleen (P<0.05) and liver (P<0.05). In the human cases, compared with primary tumours, the metastatic deposits had a significantly higher frequency of nuclear localisation of Cten (P=0.002). We conclude that Cten expression is of prognostic significance in CRC, and we delineate a Cten-ILK pathway controlling cell motility and possibly promoting metastasis.
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Transcriptional profiling identifies TNS4 function in epithelial tubulogenesis. Curr Biol 2011; 21:161-6. [PMID: 21236678 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2010.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays central roles in tubulogenesis and metastasis [1-4]. HGF treatment of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells grown as cysts in three-dimensional culture induces tubulogenesis [5, 6], which like most tubulogenic processes proceeds through distinct intermediate phases. Identification of genes associated with these phases is central to understanding the molecular mechanisms of tubulogensis; however, because of inefficient, asynchronous tubule formation, isolating such genes has been unfeasible. Here we developed a synchronous, efficient tubulogenesis system and used time-course transcriptional profiling to identify genes temporally regulated in developmental intermediates. Knockdown (KD) of tensin 4 (TNS4), a particularly highly upregulated gene, leads to a decrease in formation of extensions and tubules, two sequential intermediates in tubulogenesis. Exogenous expression of TNS4 marks invasive cells in an epithelial sheet. A mutation in the SH2 domain of TNS4 prevents the transition from extension formation to invasive migration during tubule formation and leads to increased basal activation of STAT3. Exogenous expression of a constitutively active STAT3 mimics the defect by the mutation. Our study highlights the role of the TNS4-STAT3 axis in epithelial sheet invasion and tubulogenesis.
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