1
|
Kurabayashi A, Fukuhara H, Furihata K, Iwashita W, Furihata M, Inoue K. Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2299. [PMID: 39001362 PMCID: PMC11240600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) possesses distinct molecular profiles that influence progression depending on its biological nature and delivered treatment intensity. Muscle-invasive BC (MIBC) and non-MIBC (NMIBC) demonstrate great intrinsic heterogeneity regarding different prognoses, survival, progression, and treatment outcomes. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is the standard of care in treating NMIBC and serves both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes despite the prevalent recurrence and progression among many patients. In particular, flat urothelial carcinoma in situ and urothelial carcinoma with lamina propria invasion are the major precursors of MIBC. A new-generation photosensitizer, 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), demonstrates high tumor specificity by illuminating the tumor lesion with a specific wavelength of light to produce fluorescence and has been studied for photodynamic diagnosis to detect precise tumor areas by TURBT. Additionally, it has been applied for treatment by producing its cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, as well as screening for urological carcinomas by excreting porphyrin in the blood and urine. Moreover, 5-ALA may contribute to screening before and after TURBT in NMIBC. Here, we summarize the updated evidence and ongoing research on photodynamic technology for NMIBC, providing insight into the potential for improving patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kurabayashi
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Furihata
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, Japan
| | - Waka Iwashita
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Furihata
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, Japan
| | - Keiji Inoue
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Kochi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Braman SL, Peterson H, Elbe A, Mani E, Danielson C, Dahman C, Labadie JD, Trepanier LA. Urinary and household chemical exposures in pet dogs with urothelial cell carcinoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2024; 22:217-229. [PMID: 38388159 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) has been linked to environmental chemical exposures in people, but these risk factors are not well understood in dogs with UCC. We hypothesised that household chemical exposures contribute to the risk of UCC in pet dogs. This prospective cross-sectional case-control study included 37 dogs with UCC and 37 unaffected breed-, sex-, and age-matched controls. Dog owners completed an environmental questionnaire and household samples were collected and analysed for arsenic (in tap water and room dust) and acrolein (in room air). Urine samples from UCC dogs, control dogs, and consenting owners were analysed for inorganic arsenic species, the acrolein metabolite 3-HPMA, and the phenoxy herbicide 2,4-D. Public data on chlorination byproducts (total trihalomethanes) in municipal drinking water were also compared between case and control households. Dogs with UCC were more likely to swim in a pool (15.2%) compared with control dogs (0%) (OR 1.69, 95% CI = 1.69-∞; p = .02). Dogs with UCC also had more than 4-fold higher reported municipal water concentrations of chlorination byproducts (median 28.0 ppb) compared with controls (median 6.9 ppb; p < .0001). Dust arsenic concentrations were unexpectedly lower in case households (median 0.277 ng/cm2) compared with control households (median 0.401 ng/cm2; p = .0002). Other outcomes were not significantly different between groups. These data suggest that dog owners, especially those of breeds known to be at higher risk for UCC, consider limiting access to swimming pools and installing water filtration units that remove total trihalomethanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Braman
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hannah Peterson
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amy Elbe
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Erin Mani
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Camille Danielson
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christa Dahman
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Julia D Labadie
- Scientific Programs Department, Morris Animal Foundation, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Lauren A Trepanier
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dyrskjøt L, Hansel DE, Efstathiou JA, Knowles MA, Galsky MD, Teoh J, Theodorescu D. Bladder cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:58. [PMID: 37884563 PMCID: PMC11218610 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a global health issue with sex differences in incidence and prognosis. Bladder cancer has distinct molecular subtypes with multiple pathogenic pathways depending on whether the disease is non-muscle invasive or muscle invasive. The mutational burden is higher in muscle-invasive than in non-muscle-invasive disease. Commonly mutated genes include TERT, FGFR3, TP53, PIK3CA, STAG2 and genes involved in chromatin modification. Subtyping of both forms of bladder cancer is likely to change considerably with the advent of single-cell analysis methods. Early detection signifies a better disease prognosis; thus, minimally invasive diagnostic options are needed to improve patient outcomes. Urine-based tests are available for disease diagnosis and surveillance, and analysis of blood-based cell-free DNA is a promising tool for the detection of minimal residual disease and metastatic relapse. Transurethral resection is the cornerstone treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and intravesical therapy can further improve oncological outcomes. For muscle-invasive bladder cancer, radical cystectomy with neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the standard of care with evidence supporting trimodality therapy. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated benefit in non-muscle-invasive, muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer. Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach that considers patient characteristics and molecular disease characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Dyrskjøt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Donna E Hansel
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason A Efstathiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret A Knowles
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew D Galsky
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Teoh
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Scieszka D, Bolt AM, McCormick MA, Brigman JL, Campen MJ. Aging, longevity, and the role of environmental stressors: a focus on wildfire smoke and air quality. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1267667. [PMID: 37900096 PMCID: PMC10600394 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1267667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process involving multiple interacting mechanisms and is being increasingly linked to environmental exposures such as wildfire smoke. In this review, we detail the hallmarks of aging, emphasizing the role of telomere attrition, cellular senescence, epigenetic alterations, proteostasis, genomic instability, and mitochondrial dysfunction, while also exploring integrative hallmarks - altered intercellular communication and stem cell exhaustion. Within each hallmark of aging, our review explores how environmental disasters like wildfires, and their resultant inhaled toxicants, interact with these aging mechanisms. The intersection between aging and environmental exposures, especially high-concentration insults from wildfires, remains under-studied. Preliminary evidence, from our group and others, suggests that inhaled wildfire smoke can accelerate markers of neurological aging and reduce learning capabilities. This is likely mediated by the augmentation of circulatory factors that compromise vascular and blood-brain barrier integrity, induce chronic neuroinflammation, and promote age-associated proteinopathy-related outcomes. Moreover, wildfire smoke may induce a reduced metabolic, senescent cellular phenotype. Future interventions could potentially leverage combined anti-inflammatory and NAD + boosting compounds to counter these effects. This review underscores the critical need to study the intricate interplay between environmental factors and the biological mechanisms of aging to pave the way for effective interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Scieszka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Alicia M. Bolt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Mark A. McCormick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jonathan L. Brigman
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Matthew J. Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cani M, Turco F, Butticè S, Vogl UM, Buttigliero C, Novello S, Capelletto E. How Does Environmental and Occupational Exposure Contribute to Carcinogenesis in Genitourinary and Lung Cancers? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2836. [PMID: 37345174 PMCID: PMC10216822 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposures have been associated with an increased risk of different types of cancers, although the exact mechanisms of higher carcinogenesis risk are not always well understood. Lung cancer is the leading cause of global cancer mortality, and, also, genitourinary neoplasms are among the main causes of cancer-related deaths in Western countries. The purpose of this review is to describe the main environmental and occupational factors that increase the risk of developing lung and genitourinary cancers and to investigate carcinogenesis mechanisms that link these agents to cancer onset. Further objectives are to identify methods for the prevention or the early detection of carcinogenic agents and, therefore, to reduce the risk of developing these cancers or to detect them at earlier stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Cani
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.C.); (F.T.); (C.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Fabio Turco
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.C.); (F.T.); (C.B.); (E.C.)
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Simona Butticè
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.C.); (F.T.); (C.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Ursula Maria Vogl
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Consuelo Buttigliero
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.C.); (F.T.); (C.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Silvia Novello
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.C.); (F.T.); (C.B.); (E.C.)
| | - Enrica Capelletto
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.C.); (F.T.); (C.B.); (E.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oncogenic Roles of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 in Bladder Cancer and Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112925. [PMID: 36428492 PMCID: PMC9687567 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the urinary tract are one of the most common malignancies worldwide, causing high morbidity and mortality, and representing a social burden. Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) accounts for 5−10% of urinary tract cancers, and its oncogenic mechanisms remain elusive. We postulated that cancers of the lower and the upper urinary tract may share some important oncogenic mechanisms. Therefore, the oncogenic mechanisms discovered in the lower urinary tract may guide the investigation of molecular mechanisms in the upper urinary tract. Based on this strategy, we revisited a high-quality transcriptome dataset of 510 patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), and performed an innovative gene set enrichment analysis of the transcriptome. We discovered that the epigenetic regulation of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is responsible for the recurrence and progression of lower-track urinary cancers. Additionally, a PRC2-related gene signature model was discovered to be effective in classifying bladder cancer patients with distinct susceptibility of subsequent recurrence and progression (log-rank p < 0.001 and = 0.001, respectively). We continued to discover that the same model can differentiate stage T3 UTUC patients from stage Ta/T1 patients (p = 0.026). Immunohistochemical staining revealed the presence of PRC2 components (EZH2, EED, and SUZ12) and methylated PRC2 substrates (H3K27me3) in the archived UTUC tissues. The H3K27me3 exhibited higher intensity and area intensity product in stage T3 UTUC tissues than in stage Ta/T1 tissues (p = 0.006 and 0.015, respectively), implicating stronger PRC2 activity in advanced UTUC. The relationship between H3K27 methylation and gene expression is examined using correlations. The H3K27me3 abundance is positively correlated with the expression levels of CDC26, RP11-2B6, MAPK1IP1L, SFR1, RP11-196B3, CDK5RAP2, ANXA5, STX11, PSMD5, and FGFRL1. It is also negatively correlated with CNPY2, KB-1208A12, RP11-175B9, ZNF692, RANP8, RP11-245C17, TMEM266, FBXW9, SUGT1P2, and PRH1. In conclusion, PRC2 and its epigenetic effects are major oncogenic mechanisms underlying both bladder cancer and UTUC. The epigenetically regulated genes of PRC2 in urothelial carcinoma were also elucidated using correlation statistics.
Collapse
|
7
|
Meghani K, Folgosa Cooley L, Piunti A, Meeks JJ. Role of Chromatin Modifying Complexes and Therapeutic Opportunities in Bladder Cancer. Bladder Cancer 2022; 8:101-112. [PMID: 35898580 PMCID: PMC9278011 DOI: 10.3233/blc-211609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromatin modifying enzymes, mainly through post translational modifications, regulate chromatin architecture and by extension the underlying transcriptional kinetics in normal and malignant cells. Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) has a high frequency of alterations in chromatin modifiers, with 76% of tumors exhibiting mutation in at least one chromatin modifying enzyme [1]. Additionally, clonal expansion of cells with inactivating mutations in chromatin modifiers has been identified in the normal urothelium, pointing to a currently unknown role of these proteins in normal bladder homeostasis. OBJECTIVE To review current knowledge of chromatin modifications and enzymes regulating these processes in Bladder cancer (BCa). METHODS By reviewing current literature, we summarize our present knowledge of external stimuli that trigger loss of equilibrium in the chromatin accessibility landscape and emerging therapeutic interventions for targeting these processes. RESULTS Genetic lesions in BCa lead to altered function of chromatin modifying enzymes, resulting in coordinated dysregulation of epigenetic processes with disease progression. CONCLUSION Mutations in chromatin modifying enzymes are wide-spread in BCa and several promising therapeutic targets for modulating activity of these genes are currently in clinical trials. Further research into understanding how the epigenetic landscape evolves as the disease progresses, could help identify patients who might benefit the most from these targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khyati Meghani
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren Folgosa Cooley
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrea Piunti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joshua J. Meeks
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gohar J, Do WL, Miller-Kleinhenz J, Conneely K, Krishnamurti U, D'Angelo O, Gogineni K, Torres M, Gabram-Mendola S, McCullough LE. Neighborhood characteristics and breast tumor methylation: using epigenomics to explore cancer outcome disparities. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 191:653-663. [PMID: 34978015 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social exposures may drive epigenetic alterations that affect racial disparities in breast cancer outcomes. This study examined the association between neighborhood-level factors and DNA methylation in non-Hispanic Black and White women diagnosed with breast cancer. METHODS Genome-wide DNA methylation was measured using the EPIC array in the tumor tissue of 96 women. Linear regression models were used to examine the association between nine neighborhood-level factors and methylation, regressing β values for each cytosine-phosphate guanine dinucleotide (CpG) site on neighborhood-level factors while adjusting for covariates. Neighborhood data were obtained from the Opportunity Atlas. We used a false discovery rate (FDR) threshold < 0.05, and for CpGs below this threshold, we examined interactions with race. We employed multivariable Cox proportional-hazards models to estimate whether aberrant methylation was associated with all-cause mortality. RESULTS 26 of the CpG sites were associated with job density or college education (FDR < 0.05). Further exploration of these 26 CpG sites revealed no interactions by race, but a single probe in TMEM204 was associated with all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION We identified novel associations between neighborhood-level factors and the breast tumor DNA methylome. Our data are the first to show that dysregulation in neighborhood associated CpG sites may be associated with all-cause mortality. Neighborhood-level factors may contribute to differential tumor methylation in genes related to tumor progression and metastasis. This contributes to the increasing body of evidence that area-level factors (such as neighborhood characteristics) may play an important role in cancer disparities through modulation of the breast tumor epigenome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jazib Gohar
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Whitney L Do
- Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jasmine Miller-Kleinhenz
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Karen Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Uma Krishnamurti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Olivia D'Angelo
- Department of Surgery, Jackson Memorial Hospital/University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Keerthi Gogineni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mylin Torres
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Lauren E McCullough
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mukherjee S, Dasgupta S, Mishra PK, Chaudhury K. Air pollution-induced epigenetic changes: disease development and a possible link with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55981-56002. [PMID: 34498177 PMCID: PMC8425320 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a serious threat to our health and has become one of the major causes of many diseases including cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and cancer. The association between air pollution and various diseases has long been a topic of research interest. However, it remains unclear how air pollution actually impacts health by modulating several important cellular functions. Recently, some evidence has emerged about air pollution-induced epigenetic changes, which are linked with the etiology of various human diseases. Among several epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation represents the most prominent epigenetic alteration underlying the air pollution-induced pathogenic mechanism. Several other types of epigenetic changes, such as histone modifications, miRNA, and non-coding RNA expression, have also been found to have been linked with air pollution. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), one of the most prevalent forms of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), is triggered by the inhalation of certain organic and inorganic substances. HP is characterized by inflammation in the tissues around the lungs' airways and may lead to irreversible lung scarring over time. This review, in addition to other diseases, attempts to understand whether certain pollutants influence HP development through such epigenetic modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suranjana Mukherjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Sanjukta Dasgupta
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Pradyumna K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462030, India
| | - Koel Chaudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hulls PM, de Vocht F, Bao Y, Relton CL, Martin RM, Richmond RC. DNA methylation signature of passive smoke exposure is less pronounced than active smoking: The Understanding Society study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:109971. [PMID: 32745538 PMCID: PMC7536273 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extent of the biological impact of passive smoke exposure is unclear. We sought to investigate the association between passive smoke exposure and DNA methylation, which could serve as a biomarker of health risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS We derived passive smoke exposure from self-reported questionnaire data among smoking and non-smoking partners of participants enrolled in the UK Household Longitudinal Study 'Understanding Society' (n=769). We performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of passive smoke exposure with DNA methylation in peripheral blood measured using the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC array. RESULTS No CpG sites surpassed the epigenome-wide significance threshold of p<5.97 × 10-8 in relation to partner smoking, compared with 10 CpG sites identified in relation to own smoking. However, 10 CpG sites surpassed a less stringent threshold of p<1 × 10-5 in a model of partner smoking adjusted for own smoking (model 1), 7 CpG sites in a model of partner smoking restricted to non-smokers (model 2) and 16 CpGs in a model restricted to regular smokers (model 3). In addition, there was evidence for an interaction between own smoking status and partners' smoking status on DNA methylation levels at the majority of CpG sites identified in models 2 and 3. There was a clear lack of enrichment for previously identified smoking signals in the EWAS of passive smoke exposure compared with the EWAS of own smoking. CONCLUSION The DNA methylation signature associated with passive smoke exposure is much less pronounced than that of own smoking, with no positive findings for 'expected' signals. It is unlikely that changes to DNA methylation serve as an important mechanism underlying the health risks of passive smoke exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paige M Hulls
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Frank de Vocht
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK; NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), Bristol, BS1 2NT, UK.
| | - Yanchun Bao
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK.
| | - Caroline L Relton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Richard M Martin
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK; NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Introduction: Urothelial carcinoma (UCC) develops in both humans and dogs and tracks to regions of high industrial activity. We hypothesize that dogs with UCC may act as sentinels for human urothelial carcinogen exposures. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether healthy people and dogs in the same households share urinary exposures to potentially mutagenic chemical carcinogens. Methods: We measured urinary concentrations of acrolein (as its metabolite 3-HPMA), arsenic species, 4-aminobiphenyl, and 4-chlorophenol (a metabolite of the phenoxyherbicide 2,4-D) in healthy dogs and their owners. We assessed possible chemical sources through questionnaires and screened for urothelial DNA damage using the micronucleus assay. Results: Biomarkers of urinary exposure to acrolein, arsenic, and 4-chlorophenol were found in the urine of 42 pet dogs and 42 owners, with 4-aminobiphenyl detected sporadically. Creatinine-adjusted urinary chemical concentrations were significantly higher, by 2.8- to 6.2-fold, in dogs compared to humans. Correlations were found for 3-HPMA (r = 0.32, P = 0.04) and monomethylarsonic acid (r = 0.37, P = 0.02) between people and their dogs. Voided urothelial cell yields were inadequate to quantify DNA damage, and questionnaires did not reveal significant associations with urinary chemical concentrations. Conclusions: Healthy humans and pet dogs have shared urinary exposures to known mutagenic chemicals, with significantly higher levels in dogs. Higher urinary exposures to acrolein and arsenic in dogs correlate to higher exposures in their owners. Follow-up studies will assess the mutagenic potential of these levels in vitro and measure these biomarkers in owners of dogs with UCC.
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Y, Tindle HA, Hendryx MS, Xun P, He K, Liang X, Luo J. Smoking Cessation and the Risk of Bladder Cancer among Postmenopausal Women. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:305-314. [PMID: 31043379 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is the strongest established risk factor for bladder cancer. Former smokers have a lower risk of bladder cancer compared with current smokers, but findings on the dose-response relationship between years after quitting and the risk of bladder cancer are inconsistent. A total of 143,279 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative Study were included. Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied for estimating age- and multivariable-adjusted HRs and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). There were 870 bladder cancer cases identified over an average of 14.8 years of follow-up. After adjusting for pack-years of smoking, bladder cancer risk among former smokers declined by 25% within the first 10 years of cessation and continued to decrease as cessation time increased but remained higher than never smokers after 30 years of quitting (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.43-2.58). Smokers who quit smoking had a lower risk of bladder cancer compared with current smokers (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). We conclude that among postmenopausal women, there is a significant reduction in the risk of bladder cancer after quitting smoking. In addition to primary prevention, smoking cessation is critical to prevent the incidence of bladder cancer in older women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.
| | - Hilary A Tindle
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael S Hendryx
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Ka He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Xiaoyun Liang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Luethcke KR, Ekena J, Chun R, Trepanier LA. Glutathione S-transferase theta genotypes and environmental exposures in the risk of canine transitional cell carcinoma. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:1414-1422. [PMID: 31008543 PMCID: PMC6524089 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in humans is associated with environmental exposures and variants in glutathione S‐transferase (GST) genes. Scottish Terriers have a high breed risk for TCC, but the relationship between genetic and environmental risk in dogs is not fully understood. Hypotheses Scottish Terriers have a higher frequency of GST‐theta variants compared to lower risk breeds. Dogs with TCC of any breed have a higher frequency of GST‐theta variants along with higher environmental exposures, compared to controls. Animals One hundred and five Scottish Terriers and 68 controls from lower risk breeds; 69 dogs of various breeds with TCC, and 72 breed‐ and sex‐matched unaffected geriatric dogs. Methods In this prospective case‐control study, dogs were genotyped for 3 canine GST‐theta variants: GSTT1 I2+28 G>A, a GSTT1 3′UTR haplotype, and GSTT5 Asp129_Gln130del. Owners of dogs with TCC and unaffected geriatric controls completed a household environmental questionnaire. Results The GSTT1 3′UTR haplotype and GSTT5 Asp129_Gln130del variants were significantly underrepresented in Scottish Terriers (minor allele frequency [MAF] = 0.000 for both), compared to dogs from lower risk breeds (MAF = 0.108 and 0.100; P ≤ .0002). Dogs with TCC did not differ from unaffected geriatric controls across the 3 investigated loci. Transitional cell carcinoma was associated with household insecticide use (odds ratio [OR] = 4.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44‐12.33, P = .02), and was negatively associated with proximity to a farm (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.25‐0.99, P = .04). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Low‐activity GST‐theta loci are unlikely contributors to TCC risk in dogs. Increased risk is associated with household insecticide use, and possibly with less rural households.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Luethcke
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Joanne Ekena
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ruthanne Chun
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lauren A Trepanier
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Epigenetic signatures of starting and stopping smoking. EBioMedicine 2018; 37:214-220. [PMID: 30389506 PMCID: PMC6286188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple studies have made robust associations between differential DNA methylation and exposure to cigarette smoke. But whether a DNA methylation phenotype is established immediately upon exposure, or only after prolonged exposure is less well–established. Here, we assess DNA methylation patterns from peripheral blood samples in current smokers in response to dose and duration of exposure, along with the effects of smoking cessation on DNA methylation in former smokers. Methods Dimensionality reduction was applied to DNA methylation data at 90 previously identified smoking–associated CpG sites for over 4900 individuals in the Generation Scotland cohort. K–means clustering was performed to identify clusters associated with current and never smoker status based on these methylation patterns. Cluster assignments were assessed with respect to duration of exposure in current smokers (years as a smoker), time since smoking cessation in former smokers (years), and dose (cigarettes per day). Findings Two clusters were specified, corresponding to never smokers (97·5% of whom were assigned to Cluster 1) and current smokers (81·1% of whom were assigned to Cluster 2). The exposure time point from which >50% of current smokers were assigned to the smoker–enriched cluster varied between 5 and 9 years in heavier smokers and between 15 and 19 years in lighter smokers. Low–dose former smokers were more likely to be assigned to the never smoker–enriched cluster in the first year following cessation. In contrast, a period of at least two years was required before the majority of former high–dose smokers were assigned to the never smoker–enriched cluster. Interpretation Our findings suggest that smoking–associated DNA methylation changes are a result of prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke, and can be reversed following cessation. The length of time in which these signatures are established and recovered is dose dependent. Should DNA methylation–based signatures of smoking status be predictive of smoking–related health outcomes, our findings may provide an additional criterion on which to stratify risk.
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Caione P, Patruno G, Pagliarulo V, Bulotta AL, Salerno A, Diomedi Camassei F, Lastilla G, Gerocarni Nappo S. Nonmuscular Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients: Age-related Outcomes. Urology 2017; 99:215-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
17
|
Jackson-Morris A, Fujiwara PI, Pevzner E. Clearing the smoke around the TB-HIV syndemic: smoking as a critical issue for TB and HIV treatment and care. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2016; 19:1003-6. [PMID: 26260816 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.14.0813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The collision of the tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics has been described as a 'syndemic' due to the synergistic impact on the burden of both diseases. This paper explains the urgent need for practitioners and policy makers to address a third epidemic that exacerbates TB, HIV and TB-HIV. Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide. Smoking is more prevalent among persons diagnosed with TB or HIV. Smoking is associated with tuberculous infection, TB disease and poorer anti-tuberculosis treatment outcomes. It is also associated with an increased risk of smoking-related diseases among people living with HIV, and smoking may also inhibit the effectiveness of life-saving ART. In this paper, we propose integrating into TB and HIV programmes evidence-based strategies from the 'MPOWER' package recommended by the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Specific actions that can be readily incorporated into current practice are recommended to improve TB and HIV outcomes and care, and reduce the unnecessary burden of death and disease due to smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Jackson-Morris
- Department of Tobacco Control, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | | | - E Pevzner
- International Research and Programs Branch, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chhabra D, Sharma S, Kho AT, Gaedigk R, Vyhlidal CA, Leeder JS, Morrow J, Carey VJ, Weiss ST, Tantisira KG, DeMeo DL. Fetal lung and placental methylation is associated with in utero nicotine exposure. Epigenetics 2015; 9:1473-84. [PMID: 25482056 DOI: 10.4161/15592294.2014.971593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In utero smoke exposure has been shown to have detrimental effects on lung function and to be associated with persistent wheezing and asthma in children. One potential mechanism of IUS effects could be alterations in DNA methylation, which may have life-long implications. The goal of this study was to examine the association between DNA methylation and nicotine exposure in fetal lung and placental tissue in early development; nicotine exposure in this analysis represents a likely surrogate for in-utero smoke. We performed an epigenome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in fetal lung tissue (n = 85, 41 smoke exposed (48%), 44 controls) and the corresponding placental tissue samples (n = 80, 39 smoke exposed (49%), 41 controls) using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. Differential methylation analyses were conducted to evaluate the variation associated with nicotine exposure. The most significant CpG sites in the fetal lung analysis mapped to the PKP3 (P = 2.94 × 10(-03)), ANKRD33B (P = 3.12 × 10(-03)), CNTD2 (P = 4.9 × 10(-03)) and DPP10 (P = 5.43 × 10(-03)) genes. In the placental methylome, the most significant CpG sites mapped to the GTF2H2C and GTF2H2D genes (P = 2.87 × 10(-06) - 3.48 × 10(-05)). One hundred and one unique CpG sites with P-values < 0.05 were concordant between lung and placental tissue analyses. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis demonstrated enrichment of specific disorders, such as asthma and immune disorders. Our findings demonstrate an association between in utero nicotine exposure and variable DNA methylation in fetal lung and placental tissues, suggesting a role for DNA methylation variation in the fetal origins of chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Chhabra
- a Channing Division of Network Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital ; Boston , MA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee KWK, Richmond R, Hu P, French L, Shin J, Bourdon C, Reischl E, Waldenberger M, Zeilinger S, Gaunt T, McArdle W, Ring S, Woodward G, Bouchard L, Gaudet D, Smith GD, Relton C, Paus T, Pausova Z. Prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking and DNA methylation: epigenome-wide association in a discovery sample of adolescents and replication in an independent cohort at birth through 17 years of age. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:193-9. [PMID: 25325234 PMCID: PMC4314251 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking (prenatal smoke exposure) had been associated with altered DNA methylation (DNAm) at birth. OBJECTIVE We examined whether such alterations are present from birth through adolescence. METHODS We used the Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip to search across 473,395 CpGs for differential DNAm associated with prenatal smoke exposure during adolescence in a discovery cohort (n = 132) and at birth, during childhood, and during adolescence in a replication cohort (n = 447). RESULTS In the discovery cohort, we found five CpGs in MYO1G (top-ranking CpG: cg12803068, p = 3.3 × 10-11) and CNTNAP2 (cg25949550, p = 4.0 × 10-9) to be differentially methylated between exposed and nonexposed individuals during adolescence. The CpGs in MYO1G and CNTNAP2 were associated, respectively, with higher and lower DNAm in exposed versus nonexposed adolescents. The same CpGs were differentially methylated at birth, during childhood, and during adolescence in the replication cohort. In both cohorts and at all developmental time points, the differential DNAm was in the same direction and of a similar magnitude, and was not altered appreciably by adjustment for current smoking by the participants or their parents. In addition, four of the five EWAS (epigenome-wide association study)-significant CpGs in the adolescent discovery cohort were also among the top sites of differential methylation in a previous birth cohort, and differential methylation of CpGs in CYP1A1, AHRR, and GFI1 observed in that study was also evident in our discovery cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that modifications of DNAm associated with prenatal maternal smoking may persist in exposed offspring for many years-at least until adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken W K Lee
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gagné-Ouellet V, Jacques É, Boucher-Lafleur AM, Plante S, Bouchard L, Chakir J, Laprise C. Tobacco smoke induces changes in IL-1 family in bronchial epithelial cells obtained from asthmatic individuals. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2014. [PMCID: PMC4304137 DOI: 10.1186/1710-1492-10-s2-a55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
21
|
Kobeissi LH, Yassine IA, Jabbour ME, Moussa MA, Dhaini HR. Urinary bladder cancer risk factors: a Lebanese case- control study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:3205-11. [PMID: 23803105 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.5.3205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is the second most incident malignancy among Lebanese men. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential risk factors associated with this observed high incidence. METHODS A case-control study (54 cases and 105 hospital-based controls) was conducted in two major hospitals in Beirut. Cases were randomly selected from patients diagnosed in the period of 2002-2008. Controls were conveniently selected from the same settings. Data were collected using interview questionnaire and blood analysis. Exposure data were collected using a structured face-to-face interview questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to determine N-acetyltransferase1 (NAT1) genotype by PCR-RFLP. Analyses revolved around univariate, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression, along with checks for effect modification. RESULTS The odds of having bladder cancer among smokers was 1.02 times significantly higher in cases vs. controls. The odds of exposure to occupational diesel or fuel combustion fumes were 4.1 times significantly higher in cases vs controls. The odds of prostate-related morbidity were 5.6 times significantly higher in cases vs controls. Cases and controls showed different clustering patterns of NAT1 alleles. No significant differences between cases and controls were found for consumption of alcohol, coffee, tea, or artificial sweeteners. CONCLUSIONS This is the first case-control study investigating bladder cancer risk factors in the Lebanese context. Results confirmed established risk factors in the literature, particularly smoking and occupational exposure to diesel. The herein observed associations should be used to develop appropriate prevention policies and intervention strategies, in order to control this alarming disease in Lebanon.
Collapse
|
22
|
Dietert RR. Developmental Immunotoxicity, Perinatal Programming, and Noncommunicable Diseases: Focus on Human Studies. Adv Med 2014; 2014:867805. [PMID: 26556429 PMCID: PMC4590951 DOI: 10.1155/2014/867805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental immunotoxicity (DIT) is a term given to encompass the environmentally induced disruption of normal immune development resulting in adverse outcomes. A myriad of chemical, physical, and psychological factors can all contribute to DIT. As a core component of the developmental origins of adult disease, DIT is interlinked with three important concepts surrounding health risks across a lifetime: (1) the Barker Hypothesis, which connects prenatal development to later-life diseases, (2) the hygiene hypothesis, which connects newborns and infants to risk of later-life diseases and, (3) fetal programming and epigenetic alterations, which may exert effects both in later life and across future generations. This review of DIT considers: (1) the history and context of DIT research, (2) the fundamental features of DIT, (3) the emerging role of DIT in risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and (4) the range of risk factors that have been investigated through human research. The emphasis on the human DIT-related literature is significant since most prior reviews of DIT have largely focused on animal research and considerations of specific categories of risk factors (e.g., heavy metals). Risk factors considered in this review include air pollution, aluminum, antibiotics, arsenic, bisphenol A, ethanol, lead (Pb), maternal smoking and environmental tobacco smoke, paracetamol (acetaminophen), pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polyfluorinated compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney R. Dietert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, North Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- *Rodney R. Dietert:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Maccani JZJ, Koestler DC, Houseman EA, Marsit CJ, Kelsey KT. Placental DNA methylation alterations associated with maternal tobacco smoking at the RUNX3 gene are also associated with gestational age. Epigenomics 2013; 5:619-30. [PMID: 24283877 PMCID: PMC3982305 DOI: 10.2217/epi.13.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis states that later-life disease may be influenced by the quality of the in utero environment. Environmental toxicants can have detrimental effects on fetal development, potentially through effects on placental development and function. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight, preterm birth and other complications, and exposure to cigarette smoke in utero has been linked to gross pathologic and molecular changes to the placenta, including differential DNA methylation in placental tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy, methylation changes in the placenta and gestational age. MATERIALS & METHODS We used Illumina(®)'s (CA, USA) Human Methylation27 BeadChip technology platform to investigate the methylation status of 21,551 autosomal, non-SNP-associated CpG loci in DNA extracted from 206 human placentas and examined loci whose variation in methylation was associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy. RESULTS We found that methylation patterns of a number of loci within the RUNX3 gene were significantly associated with smoking during pregnancy, and one of these loci was associated with decreased gestational age (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Our findings, demonstrating maternal smoking-induced changes in DNA methylation at specific loci, suggest a mechanism by which in utero tobacco smoke exposure could exert its detrimental effects upon the health of the fetus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer ZJ Maccani
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Department of Community & Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Carmen J Marsit
- Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Department of Community & Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tewari M, Agarwal A, Mishra RR, Meena RN, Shukla HS. Epigenetic changes in carcinogenesis of gallbladder. Indian J Surg Oncol 2013; 4:356-61. [PMID: 24426757 PMCID: PMC3890022 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-013-0240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a lethal and a common malignancy affecting mostly females. There are restricted high incidence pockets across the world and in northern India highest incidence of GBC is reported from the Gangetic belt. The etiology of this disease remains largely unknown though several risk factors have been stated. The genetic aberrations in GBC involving mutations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes have been reported in literature. However, there is scarcity of data regarding epigenetic changes that may also be involved in gallbladder carcinogenesis. This review attempts to summarize our current understanding of the epigenetic changes in GBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Tewari
- />Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005 U.P. India
| | - Amit Agarwal
- />Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005 U.P. India
| | - R. R. Mishra
- />Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - R. N. Meena
- />Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Hari S. Shukla
- />Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005 U.P. India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sun YV, Smith AK, Conneely KN, Chang Q, Li W, Lazarus A, Smith JA, Almli LM, Binder EB, Klengel T, Cross D, Turner ST, Ressler KJ, Kardia SLR. Epigenomic association analysis identifies smoking-related DNA methylation sites in African Americans. Hum Genet 2013; 132:1027-37. [PMID: 23657504 PMCID: PMC3744600 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is an environmental risk factor for many chronic diseases, and disease risk can often be managed by smoking control. Smoking can induce cellular and molecular changes, including epigenetic modification, but the short- and long-term epigenetic modifications caused by cigarette smoking at the gene level have not been well understood. Recent studies have identified smoking-related DNA methylation (DNAm) sites in Caucasians. To determine whether the same DNAm sites associate with smoking in African Americans, and to identify novel smoking-related DNAm sites, we conducted a methylome-wide association study of cigarette smoking using a discovery sample of 972 African Americans, and a replication sample of 239 African Americans with two array-based methods. Among 15 DNAm sites significantly associated with smoking after correction for multiple testing in our discovery sample, 5 DNAm sites are replicated in an independent cohort, and 14 sites in the replication sample have effects in the same direction as in the discovery sample. The top two smoking-related DNAm sites in F2RL3 (factor II receptor-like 3) and GPR15 (G-protein-coupled receptor 15) observed in African Americans are consistent with previous findings in Caucasians. The associations between the replicated DNAm sites and smoking remain significant after adjusting for genetic background. Despite the distinct genetic background between African Americans and Caucasians, the DNAm from the two ethnic groups shares common associations with cigarette smoking, which suggests a common molecular mechanism of epigenetic modification influenced by environmental exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE #3049, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Di Cello F, Flowers VL, Li H, Vecchio-Pagán B, Gordon B, Harbom K, Shin J, Beaty R, Wang W, Brayton C, Baylin SB, Zahnow CA. Cigarette smoke induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition and increases the metastatic ability of breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:90. [PMID: 23919753 PMCID: PMC3750372 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent epidemiological studies demonstrate that both active and involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke increase the risk of breast cancer. Little is known, however, about the molecular mechanisms by which continuous, long term exposure to tobacco smoke contributes to breast carcinogenesis because most previous studies have focused on short term treatment models. In this work we have set out to investigate the progressive transforming effects of tobacco smoke on non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells using in vitro and in vivo models of chronic cigarette smoke exposure. Results We show that both non-tumorigenic (MCF 10A, MCF-12A) and tumorigenic (MCF7) breast epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke acquire mesenchymal properties such as fibroblastoid morphology, increased anchorage-independent growth, and increased motility and invasiveness. Moreover, transplantation experiments in mice demonstrate that treatment with cigarette smoke extract renders MCF 10A cells more capable to survive and colonize the mammary ducts and MCF7 cells more prone to metastasize from a subcutaneous injection site, independent of cigarette smoke effects on the host and stromal environment. The extent of transformation and the resulting phenotype thus appear to be associated with the differentiation state of the cells at the time of exposure. Analysis by flow cytometry showed that treatment with CSE leads to the emergence of a CD44hi/CD24low population in MCF 10A cells and of CD44+ and CD49f + MCF7 cells, indicating that cigarette smoke causes the emergence of cell populations bearing markers of self-renewing stem-like cells. The phenotypical alterations induced by cigarette smoke are accompanied by numerous changes in gene expression that are associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition and tumorigenesis. Conclusions Our results indicate that exposure to cigarette smoke leads to a more aggressive and transformed phenotype in human mammary epithelial cells and that the differentiation state of the cell at the time of exposure may be an important determinant in the phenotype of the final transformed state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francescopaolo Di Cello
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chu H, Wang M, Zhang Z. Bladder cancer epidemiology and genetic susceptibility. J Biomed Res 2013; 27:170-8. [PMID: 23720672 PMCID: PMC3664723 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.27.20130026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary system. The incidence of bladder cancer of men is higher than that of women (approximately 4:1). Here, we summarize the bladder cancer-related risk factors, including environmental and genetic factors. In recent years, although the mortality rate induced by bladder cancer has been stable or decreased gradually, the public health effect may be pronounced. The well-established risk factors for bladder cancer are cigarette smoking and occupational exposure. Genetic factors also play important roles in the susceptibility to bladder cancer. A recent study demonstrated that hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer is associated with increased risk of bladder cancer. Since 2008, genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been used to identify the susceptibility loci for bladder cancer. Further gene-gene or gene-environment interaction studies need to be conducted to provide more information for the etiology of bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Chu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; ; Department of Genetic Toxicology, the Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Runyon RS, Cachola LM, Rajeshuni N, Hunter T, Garcia M, Ahn R, Lurmann F, Krasnow R, Jack LM, Miller RL, Swan GE, Kohli A, Jacobson AC, Nadeau KC. Asthma discordance in twins is linked to epigenetic modifications of T cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48796. [PMID: 23226205 PMCID: PMC3511472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells mediate the inflammatory responses observed in asthma among genetically susceptible individuals and have been suspected to be prone to epigenetic regulation. However, these relationships are not well established from past clinical studies that have had limited capacity to control for the effects of variable genetic predisposition and early environmental exposures. Relying on a cohort of monozygotic twins discordant for asthma we sought to determine if epigenetic modifications in T cells were associated with current asthma and explored whether such modifications were associated with second hand smoke exposures. Our study was conducted in a monozygotic twin cohort of adult twin pairs (n = 21) all discordant for asthma. Regulatory T cell (Treg) and effector T cell (Teff) subsets were assessed for levels of cellular function, protein expression, gene expression and CpG methylation within Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and interferon gamma-γ (IFNγ) loci. Comparisons by asthma and current report of exposure to second hand smoke were made. Treg from asthmatic discordant twins demonstrated decreased FOXP3 protein expression and impaired Treg function that was associated with increased levels of CpG methylation within the FOXP3 locus when compared to their non-asthmatic twin partner. In parallel, Teff from discordant asthmatic twins demonstrated increased methylation of the IFNγ locus, decreased IFNγ expression and reduced Teff function when compared to Teff from the non-asthmatic twin. Finally, report of current exposure to second hand smoke was associated with modifications in both Treg and Teff at the transcriptional level among asthmatics. The results of the current study provide evidence for differential function of T cell subsets in monozygotic twins discordant for asthma that are regulated by changes in DNA methylation. Our preliminary data suggest exposure to second hand smoke may augment the modified T cell responses associated with asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Scott Runyon
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Leslie M. Cachola
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Nitya Rajeshuni
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Tessa Hunter
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Marco Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Regina Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Fred Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology Inc., Petaluma, California, United States of America
| | - Ruth Krasnow
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Jack
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, United States of America
| | - Rachel L. Miller
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gary E. Swan
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, United States of America
| | - Arunima Kohli
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Amanda C. Jacobson
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Kari C. Nadeau
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chu H, Wang M, Jin H, Lv Q, Wu D, Tong N, Ma L, Shi D, Zhong D, Fu G, Yuan L, Qin C, Yin C, Zhang Z. EGFR 3'UTR 774T>C polymorphism contributes to bladder cancer risk. Mutagenesis 2012; 28:49-55. [PMID: 23028094 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Much evidence show that over-expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in regulating carcinogenesis. Genetic variations in 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of gene have been reported to affect gene expression by interfering with microRNAs (miRNAs), which are thought to function as either tumour suppressors or oncogenes by binding to their target mRNA. In this study, we investigated the association between the EGFR 3'UTR 774T>C polymorphism and bladder cancer risk. We used the TaqMan technology to genotype this genetic variant in a hospital-based case-control study of 908 bladder cancer patients and 1239 controls in a Chinese population. We found that the 774CC genotype was associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of bladder cancer [adjusted odds ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence interval = 1.05-1.58], compared with the 774TT/TC genotype, and this increased risk was more pronounced among subgroups of age > 65 years, non-smokers and patients' tumour invasive stage. Furthermore, luciferase assays in T24 cell showed that EGFR 3'UTR 774 T to C substitution could increase the expression of EGFR, which was consistent with the association study finding. Additionally, we also provide evidence that 774T>C polymorphism increasing EGFR expression was not regulated by hsa-miR-214 binding. These findings suggested that EGFR 3'UTR 774T>C polymorphism may contribute to susceptibility to bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Chu
- Department of Molecular & Genetic Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lovinsky-Desir S, Miller RL. Epigenetics, asthma, and allergic diseases: a review of the latest advancements. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2012; 12:211-20. [PMID: 22451193 PMCID: PMC3358775 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-012-0257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental epigenetic regulation in asthma and allergic disease is an exciting area that has gained a great deal of scientific momentum in recent years. Environmental exposures, including prenatal maternal smoking, have been associated with asthma-related outcomes that may be explained by epigenetic regulation. In addition, several known allergy and asthma genes have been found to be susceptible to epigenetic regulation. We review the latest experimental and translational studies that have been published this past year in several areas, including 1) characterization of environmental asthma triggers that induce epigenetic changes, 2) characterization of allergic immune and regulatory pathways important to asthma that undergo epigenetic regulation, 3) evidence of active epigenetic regulation in asthma experimental models and the production of asthma biomarkers, 4) evidence of transmission of an asthma-related phenotype across multiple generations, and 5) "pharmaco-epigenetics." The field has certainly advanced significantly in the past year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lovinsky-Desir
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rachel L. Miller
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, PH8E-101; 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032 USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kiriluk KJ, Prasad SM, Patel AR, Steinberg GD, Smith ND. Bladder cancer risk from occupational and environmental exposures. Urol Oncol 2012; 30:199-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
32
|
Hypermethylation in bladder cancer: biological pathways and translational applications. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:347-61. [PMID: 22274923 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A compelling body of evidences sustains the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in the development and progression of cancer. Assessing the epigenetic component of bladder tumors is strongly improving our understanding of their biology and clinical behavior. In terms of DNA methylation, cancer cells show genome-wide hypomethylation and site-specific CpG island promoter hypermethylation. In the context of other epigenetic alterations, this review will focus on the hypermethylation of CpG islands in promoter regions, as the most widely described epigenetic modification in bladder cancer. CpG islands hypermethylation is believed to be critical in the transcriptional silencing and regulation of tumor suppressor and crucial cancer genes involved in the major molecular pathways controlling bladder cancer development and progression. In particular, several biological pathways of frequently methylated genes include cell cycle, DNA repair, apoptosis, and invasion, among others. Furthermore, translational aspects of bladder cancer methylomes described to date will be discussed towards their potential application as bladder cancer biomarkers. Several tissue methylation signatures and individual candidates have been evidenced, that could potentially stratify tumors histopathologically, and discriminate patients in terms of their clinical outcome. Tumor methylation profiles could also be detected in urinary specimens showing a promising role as non-invasive markers for cancer diagnosis towards an early detection and potentially for the surveillance of bladder cancer patients in a near future. However, the epigenomic exploration of bladder cancer has only just begun. Genome-scale DNA methylation profiling studies will further highlight the relevance of the epigenetic component to gain knowledge of bladder cancer biology and identify those profiles and candidates better correlating with clinical behavior.
Collapse
|