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Abbass MA, Poylin V, Strong S. Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes Registry: What, How, and Why? Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2024; 37:198-202. [PMID: 38606043 PMCID: PMC11006437 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Caring for patients with colorectal cancer inherited cancer syndromes is complex, and it requires a well-thought integration process between a multidisciplinary team, an accessible database, and a registry coordinator. This requires an aligned vision between the administrative business team and the clinical team. Although we can manage most of the cancers that those patients develop according to oncologic guidance, the future risk of patients and their families might add emotional and psychological burdens on them in the absence of a well-qualified and trained team where balancing quality of life and cancer risk are at the essence of decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Abbass
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Vitaliy Poylin
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Scott Strong
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Aloysius MM, Nikumbh T, Yadukumar L, Asija U, Shah NJ, Aswath G, John S, Goyal H. National Trends in the Incidence of Sporadic Malignant Colorectal Polyps in Young Patients (20-49 Years): An 18-Year SEER Database Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:673. [PMID: 38674319 PMCID: PMC11052004 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Conflicting guidelines exist for initiating average-risk colorectal cancer screening at the age of 45 years. The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) changed its guidelines in 2021 to recommend initiating screening at 45 years due to an increasing incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer. However, the American College of Physicians (ACP) recently recommended not screening average-risk individuals between 45 and 49 years old. We aim to study the national trends in the incidence of sporadic malignant polyps (SMP) in patients from 20 to 49 years old. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2000-2017) on patients aged 20-49 years who underwent diagnostic colonoscopy with at least a single malignant sporadic colorectal polyp. Results: Of the 10,742 patients diagnosed with SMP, 42.9% were female. The mean age of incidence was 43.07 years (42.91-43.23, 95% CI). Approximately 50% of malignant polyps were diagnosed between 45 and 49 years of age, followed by 25-30% between 40 and 45. There was an upward trend in malignant polyps, with a decreased incidence of malignant villous adenomas and a rise in malignant adenomas and tubulovillous adenomas. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that almost half of the SMPs under 50 years occurred in individuals under age 45, younger than the current screening threshold recommended by the ACP. There has been an upward trend in malignant polyps in the last two decades. This reflects changes in tumor biology, and necessitates further research and support in the USPSTF guidelines to start screening at the age of 45 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M. Aloysius
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Syracuse, New York, NY 13210, USA; (M.M.A.)
| | - Tejas Nikumbh
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA 18505, USA; (L.Y.); (U.A.)
| | - Lekha Yadukumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA 18505, USA; (L.Y.); (U.A.)
| | - Udit Asija
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA 18505, USA; (L.Y.); (U.A.)
| | - Niraj J. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Ganesh Aswath
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Syracuse, New York, NY 13210, USA; (M.M.A.)
| | - Savio John
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Syracuse, New York, NY 13210, USA; (M.M.A.)
| | - Hemant Goyal
- Advanced Endoscopy, Borland Groover Owntown Office, Jacksonville, FL 32207, USA
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Nogueira LM, May FP, Yabroff KR, Siegel RL. Racial Disparities in Receipt of Guideline-Concordant Care for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in the United States. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:1368-1377. [PMID: 37939323 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Young individuals racialized as Black are more likely to die after a colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis than individuals racialized as White in the United States. This study examined racial disparities in receipt of timely and guideline-concordant care among individuals racialized as Black and White with early-onset CRC. METHODS Individuals age 18-49 years racialized as non-Hispanic Black and White (self-identified) and newly diagnosed with CRC during 2004-2019 were selected from the National Cancer Database. Patients who received recommended care (staging, surgery, lymph node evaluation, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) were considered to have received guideline-concordant care. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for age and sex. The decomposition method was used to estimate the relative contribution of demographic characteristics (age and sex), comorbidities, health insurance, and facility type to the racial disparity in receipt of guideline-concordant care. The product-limit method was used to evaluate differences in time to treatment between patients racialized as Black and White. RESULTS Of the 84,882 patients with colon cancer and 62,573 patients with rectal cancer, 20.8% and 14.5% were racialized as Black, respectively. Individuals racialized as Black were more likely to not receive guideline-concordant care for colon (adjusted OR [aOR], 1.18 [95% CI, 1.14 to 1.22]) and rectal (aOR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.21 to 1.33]) cancers. Health insurance explained 28.2% and 21.6% of the disparity among patients with colon and rectal cancer, respectively. Individuals racialized as Black had increased time to adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28 [95% CI, 1.24 to 1.32]) and neoadjuvant chemoradiation for rectal cancer (HR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.37 to 1.47]) compared with individuals racialized as White. CONCLUSION Patients with early-onset CRC racialized as Black receive worse and less timely care than individuals racialized as White. Health insurance, a modifiable factor, was the largest contributor to racial disparities in receipt of guideline-concordant care in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia M Nogueira
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Folasade P May
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - K Robin Yabroff
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rebecca L Siegel
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
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Baronas VA, Arif AA, Bhang E, Ladua GK, Brown CJ, Donnellan F, Gill S, Stuart HC, Loree JM. Symptom Burden and Time from Symptom Onset to Cancer Diagnosis in Patients with Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:2133-2144. [PMID: 38668061 PMCID: PMC11049268 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is decreasing in individuals >50 years due to organised screening but has increased for younger individuals. We characterized symptoms and their timing before diagnosis in young individuals. Methods: We identified all patients diagnosed with CRC between 1990-2017 in British Columbia, Canada. Individuals <50 years (n = 2544, EoCRC) and a matched cohort >50 (n = 2570, LoCRC) underwent chart review to identify CRC related symptoms at diagnosis and determine time from symptom onset to diagnosis. Results: Across all stages of CRC, EoCRC presented with significantly more symptoms than LoCRC (Stage 1 mean ± SD: 1.3 ± 0.9 vs. 0.7 ± 0.9, p = 0.0008; Stage 4: 3.3 ± 1.5 vs. 2.3 ± 1.7, p < 0.0001). Greater symptom burden at diagnosis was associated with worse survival in both EoCRC (p < 0.0001) and LoCRC (p < 0.0001). When controlling for cancer stage, both age (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.8-1.0, p = 0.008) and increasing symptom number were independently associated with worse survival in multivariate models. Conclusions: Patients with EoCRC present with a greater number of symptoms of longer duration than LoCRC; however, time from patient reported symptom onset was not associated with worse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Baronas
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada; (V.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (E.B.); (G.K.L.); (C.J.B.); (F.D.); (S.G.)
| | - Arif A. Arif
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada; (V.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (E.B.); (G.K.L.); (C.J.B.); (F.D.); (S.G.)
| | - Eric Bhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada; (V.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (E.B.); (G.K.L.); (C.J.B.); (F.D.); (S.G.)
| | - Gale K. Ladua
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada; (V.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (E.B.); (G.K.L.); (C.J.B.); (F.D.); (S.G.)
| | - Carl J. Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada; (V.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (E.B.); (G.K.L.); (C.J.B.); (F.D.); (S.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z1Y6, Canada
| | - Fergal Donnellan
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada; (V.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (E.B.); (G.K.L.); (C.J.B.); (F.D.); (S.G.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC V5Z1M9, Canada
| | - Sharlene Gill
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada; (V.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (E.B.); (G.K.L.); (C.J.B.); (F.D.); (S.G.)
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V6E1Y6, Canada
| | - Heather C. Stuart
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada; (V.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (E.B.); (G.K.L.); (C.J.B.); (F.D.); (S.G.)
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V6E1Y6, Canada
| | - Jonathan M. Loree
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada; (V.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (E.B.); (G.K.L.); (C.J.B.); (F.D.); (S.G.)
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V6E1Y6, Canada
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Penz D, Waldmann E, Hackl M, Jiricka L, Rockenbauer LM, Gessl I, Zessner-Spitzenberg J, Ferlitsch A, Trauner M, Ferlitsch M. Colorectal Cancer and Precursor Lesion Prevalence in Adults Younger Than 50 Years Without Symptoms. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2334757. [PMID: 38055281 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.34757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing among younger adults. However, data on precursor lesions in patients who are asymptomatic, especially those aged younger than 50 years, are lacking. Objective To analyze the prevalence and number needed to screen (NNS) for adenomas, advanced adenomas, and serrated lesions, as well as the incidence of CRC in patients older than age 20 years. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was conducted among 296 170 patients who received a screening colonoscopy within a national screening colonoscopy registry from 2012 to 2018 in Austria, including 11 103 patients aged younger than 50 years. CRC incidence was analyzed using data from Statistic Austria from 1988 to 2018. Data were analyzed in September 2021. Main Outcome and Measures The prevalence of adenomas and other lesions and the incidence of CRC in individuals aged 20 years or older were assessed. Results Among 296 170 patients included in the study (median [IQR] age, 60 [54-68] years; 150 813 females [50.9%]), 11 103 patients (3.7%) were aged younger than 50 years and 285 067 patients (96.3%) were aged 50 years or older. Among patients younger than age 50 years, 1166 individuals (10.5%; NNS = 9) had adenomas and 389 individuals (3.9%; NNS = 26) had at least 1 advanced adenoma, while among those aged 50 years or older, 62 384 individuals (21.9%; NNS = 5) had adenomas and 19 680 individuals (6.9%; NNS = 15) had at least 1 advanced adenoma. Among 1128 males aged 40 to 44 years, 160 individuals (14.2%; NNS = 7) had at least 1 adenoma, and among 1398 females aged 40 to 44 years, 114 individuals (8.1%; NNS = 12) had at least 1 adenoma. The prevalence of adenomas for individuals aged 45 to 49 years vs 50 to 54 years was 490 of 2879 males (17.1%; NNS = 6) vs 8269 of 40 935 males (20.2%; NNS = 5) and 284 of 2792 females (10.2%; NNS = 10) vs 4997 of 40 303 females (12.4%; NNS = 8), respectively. Prevalence of adenomas changed from 61 of 498 individuals (12.4%) in 2008 to 150 of 1064 individuals (14.1%) in 2018 among those younger than 50 years and from 2646 of 12 166 individuals (21.8%) to 10 673 of 37 922 individuals (28.2%) among those aged 50 years and older. The prevalence of advanced adenomas changed from 20 individuals (4.0%) in 2008 to 55 individuals (5.2%) in 2018 in individuals younger than 50 years and from 888 individuals (7.3%) in 2008 to 2578 individuals (6.8%) in 2018 among those aged 50 years and older. Among individuals younger than age 50 years, CRC incidence per 100 000 individuals changed from 9.1 incidents in 1988 to 10.2 incidents in 2018 among males (average annual percentage change [AAPC], 0.5%; 95% CI, 0.1% to 1.0%) and from 9.7 incidents in 1988 to 7.7 incidents in 2018 among females, with a nonsignificant AAPC (-0.2%; 95% CI, -0.7% to 0.3%). Among individuals aged 50 years or older, CRC incidence per 100 000 individuals changed from 168 incidents in 1988 to 97 incidents in 2018 among females (AAPC, -1.8%; 95% CI, -1.9% to -1.6%), and 217 incidents in 1988 to 143 incidents in 2018 among males (AAPC, -1.2%; 95% CI, -1.3% to -1.1%). Conclusion In this study, CRC incidence decreased after 1988 in Austria among individuals older than 50 years, while among patients younger than 50 years, incidence increased among males but decreased among females. Prevalence of adenomas increased in all age groups, while advanced adenoma prevalence increased among patients younger than 50 years but decreased in patients aged 50 years and older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Penz
- Quality Certificate for Screening Colonoscopy, Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, St John of God Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Waldmann
- Quality Certificate for Screening Colonoscopy, Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lena Jiricka
- Quality Certificate for Screening Colonoscopy, Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Bioimetrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa-Maria Rockenbauer
- Quality Certificate for Screening Colonoscopy, Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irina Gessl
- Quality Certificate for Screening Colonoscopy, Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Zessner-Spitzenberg
- Quality Certificate for Screening Colonoscopy, Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnulf Ferlitsch
- Quality Certificate for Screening Colonoscopy, Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, St John of God Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Ferlitsch
- Quality Certificate for Screening Colonoscopy, Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Golder AM, Conlan O, McMillan DC, Mansouri D, Horgan PG, Roxburgh CS. Adverse Tumour and Host Biology May Explain the Poorer Outcomes Seen in Emergency Presentations of Colon Cancer. Ann Surg 2023; 278:e1018-e1025. [PMID: 37036099 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between tumor/host factors (including the systemic inflammatory response), mode of presentation, and short/long-term outcomes in patients undergoing curative resectional surgery for TNM I to III colon cancer. BACKGROUND Emergency presentations of colon cancer are associated with worse long-term outcomes than elective presentations despite adjustment for TNM stage. A number of differences in tumor and host factors have been identified between elective and emergency presentations and it may be these factors that are associated with adverse outcomes. METHODS Patients undergoing curative surgery for TNM I to III colon cancer in the West of Scotland from 2011 to 2014 were identified. Tumor/host factors independently associated with the emergency presentation were identified and entered into a subsequent survival model to determine those that were independently associated with overall survival/cancer-specific survival (OS/CSS). RESULTS A total of 2705 patients were identified. The emergency presentation was associated with a worse 3-year OS and CSS compared with elective presentations (70% vs 86% and 91% vs 75%). T stage, age, systemic inflammatory grade, anemia (all P < 0.001), N stage ( P = 0.077), extramural venous invasion ( P = 0.003), body mass index ( P = 0.001), and American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification classification ( P = 0.021) were independently associated with emergency presentation. Of these, body mass index [hazard ratio (HR), 0.82], American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification (HR, 1.45), anemia (HR, 1.29), systemic inflammatory grade (HR. 1.11), T stage (HR, 1.57), N stage (HR, 1.80), and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 0.47) were independently associated with OS. Similar results were observed for CSS. CONCLUSIONS Within patients undergoing curative surgery for colon cancer, the emergency presentation was not independently associated with worse OS/CSS. Rather, a combination of tumor and host factors account for the worse outcomes observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan M Golder
- Academic Unit of Surgery-Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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Raphael MJ, Wildgoose P, Servidio-Italiano F, De Vera MA, Brenner D, D’Angelo MS, McGee R, Berry S, Wong C, Gill S. Breaking Down Barriers to Detection and Care in Early-Age-Onset Colorectal Cancer in Canada. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:9392-9405. [PMID: 37999100 PMCID: PMC10670200 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30110680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The second Early-Age-Onset Colorectal Cancer Symposium, convened in October 2022, sought solutions to the barriers to early detection and care for colorectal cancer in Canada. This meeting built on a previous symposium, held in 2021 and reported in this journal. Early-age-onset colorectal cancer (EAOCRC) affects increasing numbers of people under the age of 50 in Canada and throughout the developed world. Two main themes emerged from the meeting: the importance of timely detection, and the need for a tailored approach to the care of EAOCRC. Early detection is crucial, especially in light of the later stage at diagnosis and unique tumour characteristics. Symposium participants were strongly in favour of reducing the age of eligibility for screening from 50 to 45, and promoting the development of non-invasive screening techniques such as testing for circulating tumour DNA and biomarkers. Leading approaches to care were described and discussed, which meet the unique treatment needs of younger CRC patients. Multidisciplinary practices within and outside Canada address such factors as fertility, family roles, education, careers and financial responsibilities. These models can be applied in treatment centres across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Wildgoose
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;
| | | | - Mary A. De Vera
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Darren Brenner
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Monika Slovinec D’Angelo
- Colorectal Cancer Resource & Action Network (CCRAN), Toronto, ON M4W 3E2, Canada; (F.S.-I.); (M.S.D.)
| | - Robin McGee
- Independent Researcher, Port Williams, NS, Canada;
| | - Scott Berry
- Department of Oncology, Carlo Fidani Peel Regional Cancer Centre, Mississauga, ON L5M 7S4, Canada;
| | - Clarence Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2X8, Canada;
| | - Sharlene Gill
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada;
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Flynn L, Fallows S. Bowel cancer knowledge gaps evident among Irish residents: results of a national questionnaire survey. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:2085-2093. [PMID: 36656421 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent of knowledge of bowel cancer, its symptoms and risk factors are unknown in Irish residents. An understanding of bowel cancer awareness may be useful in aiding healthcare professionals, and policy makers develop improved bowel cancer awareness programmes and public health initiatives in Ireland. AIMS AND METHODS A 22-question online questionnaire survey was designed to gather data to assess residents' awareness of bowel cancer, its symptoms, and risk factors and to determine reasons for not participating in BowelScreen Ireland. RESULTS There were 449 participants (329 women, 119 men and 1 'prefer not to say'). The majority of participants were aged 35-49 years (42.8%), and 82.6% had completed a third level qualification. Irish residents (non-healthcare professionals/scientists (NHCP/S)) recalled on average less than three warning signs/symptoms. Among NHCP/S the most well-recalled protective diet and lifestyle choices were active lifestyle/exercise (62.1%), a fibre rich diet (45.4%) and no/low alcohol consumption (32.1%). Many were unable to recall red and processed meat as risk factors with only 10.7% and 4.9%, respectively, citing these foods. However, prompted awareness was superior with 71.1% agreeing or strongly agreeing that consumption of red and processed meat is a risk factor. 43.4% said they would be 'fairly confident' in recognising a sign/symptom, but more than a third (38.7%) reported they were 'not very confident'. CONCLUSION This survey emphasises the need to improve the awareness of bowel cancer as gaps in this specific cancer knowledge were evident among Irish residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Flynn
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Chester, Chester, UK.
| | - Stephen Fallows
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Chester, Chester, UK
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9
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Yang J, Wei Q, Xiang Z, Wu D, Lin Z. Bowel preparation efficacy and safety of compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder combined with linaclotide for colonoscopy: A randomized controlled trial. JGH Open 2023; 7:636-639. [PMID: 37744708 PMCID: PMC10517441 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim Adequate bowel preparation is essential for colonoscopy, which is important for detecting colon polyps and preventing colorectal cancer. Linaclotide is approved for irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation (IBS-C) symptoms. The main objective of this study was to explore the quality of bowel preparation by low-volume compound polyethylene glycol (PEG) combined with linaclotide. Methods A total of 266 patients who underwent colonoscopy in Shangrao People's Hospital from June 2021 to June 2022 were randomized to 1 of 3 split PEG regimens: 4LPEG, 2LPEG, and 2LPEG + L (linaclotide). The primary end point was adequate bowel preparation (Boston Bowel Preparation Scale [BBPS] total score of ≥6, with each of three colonic segments subscores ≥2). Secondary outcomes were polyp detection rates and the incidence of adverse reactions. Results Over 12 months, 266 subjects were randomized into 2LPEG (n = 12), 4LPEG (n = 112), or 2LPEG + L (n = 142). There were no significant differences between the 4LPEG and 2LPEG + L groups in achieving adequate bowel preparation (P > 0.05). The mean BBPS score of the total colon, left hemi-colon, right hemi-colon, and transverse in the 2LPEG + L group was higher than that in the 2LPEG group (P < 0.001). Patient's sleeping quality and the incidence of adverse reactions of 2LPEG + L group were compatible with 2LPEG group, but it was significantly lower than that in 4LPEG group. There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of colon polyps between each group. Conclusion The quality of bowel preparation of the compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder combined with linaclotide is approximately the same as that of 4LPEG, and it can reduce the adverse reactions in the process of bowel preparation, and its intestinal cleansing effect is also better than that of 2LPEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of GastroenterologyShangrao People's HospitalShangraoJiangxiChina
| | - Qian Wei
- Department of GastroenterologyShangrao People's HospitalShangraoJiangxiChina
| | - Zhixiong Xiang
- Department of GastroenterologyShangrao People's HospitalShangraoJiangxiChina
| | - Dangyan Wu
- Department of GastroenterologyShangrao People's HospitalShangraoJiangxiChina
| | - Zhuoying Lin
- Department of GastroenterologyShangrao People's HospitalShangraoJiangxiChina
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10
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Zhao K, Wang S, Yuan Z, Pang W, Yan S, Liu X, Wang W, Yi B, Han Q, Yao Y, Liu Y, Chu T, Feng Z, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Zhang C. The accuracy of the FIT in detecting advanced neoplasm is highest in young people aged 40 to 49 years: an analysis based on sex and age. Int J Colorectal Dis 2023; 38:178. [PMID: 37358700 PMCID: PMC10293344 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-023-04470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and is associated with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. CRC has caused a tremendous loss of human health and wealth. The incidence and mortality of colorectal carcinoma are increasing in young adults. Early cancer detection and prevention are made possible through screening. At present, the faecal immunochemical test (FIT) is a noninvasive method that can be used for the large-scale clinical screening of CRC status. Therefore, this study, based on CRC screening results in Tianjin from 2012 to 2020, was conducted to analyse the major differences in diagnostic performance parameters according to sex and age. METHODS This study was based on 39,991 colonoscopies performed for individuals in the Tianjin CRC screening program from 2012 to 2020. Of these individuals, they had complete FIT and colonoscopy results. The differences in FIT results were analysed by sex and age. RESULTS According to this study, males were generally more likely to develop advanced neoplasms (ANs) than females, and the prevalence increased with age. Males with negative FIT results were more likely to have advanced neoplasms than females with positive results. The accuracy of the FIT in detecting ANs in each age group was 54.9%, 45.5%, 48.6% and 49.5% in the 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and ≥ 70 age groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The FIT detected ANs with highest accuracy in the 40-49 age group. Our research can provide guidance to formulate CRC screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailong Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Pang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Suying Yan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanting Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ben Yi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiurong Han
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianhao Chu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqiang Feng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinghuai Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xipeng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China.
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, Tianjin, China.
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China.
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, Tianjin, China.
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11
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Wang W, Jin J, Zhou Z, Wang Y, Min K, Zuo X, Jiang J, Zhou Y, Shi J. Snail inhibits metastasis via regulation of E‑cadherin and is associated with prognosis in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:271. [PMID: 37216162 PMCID: PMC10193364 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The overall survival (OS) rate of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) remains low due to the lack of clear prognostic markers. Therefore, the identification of valuable prognostic markers is urgently required. Snail and E-Cadherin (E-Cad) are important protein molecules in the EMT process and play a crucial role in tumor invasion and metastasis. The present study investigated the clinical significance of Snail and E-cad expression in CRC. Compared with those in adjacent tissue, the expression levels of Snail and E-cad were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in CRC. Moreover, low Snail and high E-cad expression were associated with clinicopathological features and longer OS time. Furthermore, Snail and E-cad could predict the prognosis of patients with CRC. Reverse transcription-qPCR, Western blotting, Wound scratch assay, High content cell migration experiment, which showed that low Snail or high E-cad expression inhibited invasion and metastasis of CRC. In conclusion, Snail can promote CRC invasion and metastasis by regulating E-cad. Snail and E-cad expression constitute a novel prognostic marker for CRC, and the present study revealed a greater combined effect of Snail and E-cad as effective prognostic markers in CRC for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
- Institute of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Jin
- Department of Oncology, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yunfan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Ke Min
- Department of Oncology, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zuo
- Department of Oncology, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Jiaping Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
- Institute of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
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12
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Vithayathil M, Smith S, Song M. Epidemiology of overall and early-onset serrated polyps versus conventional adenomas in a colonoscopy screening cohort. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1085-1094. [PMID: 36178673 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Serrated polyps (SPs) are precursors to one-third of colorectal cancers (CRCs), with histological subtypes: hyperplastic polyps (HPs), sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs). The incidence of early-onset CRC before the age of 50 is increasing, with limited understanding of SPs in younger cohorts. Using a large colonoscopy-based cohort, we characterized epidemiologic profiles of SP subtypes, compared to conventional adenomas, with secondary analysis on early-onset polyps. Ninety-four thousand four hundred and twenty-seven patients underwent screening colonoscopies between 2010 and 2018. Demographic, endoscopic and histopathologic characteristics of each polyp subtype were described. High-risk polyps included SSLs ≥10 mm/with dysplasia and conventional adenomas ≥10 mm/with tubulovillous/villous histology/high-grade dysplasia. We examined polyp prevalence with age and compared early- (age < 50) and late-onset polyps (age ≥ 50). Eighteen thousand one hundred and twenty-five patients had SPs (4357 SSLs, 15 415 HPs, 120 TSAs) and 26 699 had conventional adenomas. High-risk SSLs were enriched in the ascending colon (44.1% vs 2.6-35.8% for other locations; P < .003). Early- and late-onset SPs had similar subsite distribution. Early-onset conventional adenomas were more enriched in the distal colon/rectum (51.8% vs 43.4%, P < .001). Multiple conventional adenomas were more represented in late-onset groups (40.8% vs 33.8%, P < .001), with no difference in SSLs. The prevalence of conventional adenomas/high-risk conventional adenomas increased continuously with age, whereas the prevalence of SSLs/high-risk SSLs was stable from age 40 years onwards. A higher proportion of women were diagnosed with early-onset than late-onset SSLs (62.9% vs 57.6%, P = .03). Conventional adenomas, SSLs, early- and late-onset polyps have distinct epidemiology. The findings have implications for improved colonoscopy screening and surveillance and understanding the etiologic heterogeneity of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Vithayathil
- Department of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Perea J, Winter D. Early-onset sporadic colorectal cancer: key question of early diagnosis and screening strategies. Br J Surg 2023; 110:529-530. [PMID: 36726232 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Perea
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Surgery Department, Vithas Arturo Soria Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Des Winter
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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DeYoreo M, Rutter CM, Lee SD. Use of 2-Stage Modeling to Identify How Colorectal Cancer Risk Changes With Period and Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:230-236. [PMID: 36222654 PMCID: PMC10308506 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates have decreased among adults aged 50 years or older while increasing in adults under age 50 years. Understanding these trends is challenging because of the multiple related time scales of age, diagnosis period, and birth cohort. We analyzed incidence rates of rectal, distal colon, and proximal colon cancer for individuals aged 20 years or more from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program for diagnosis years 1978-2017. We used a 2-stage generalized linear model to determine age, period, and cohort effects for CRC incidence. We first estimated birth cohort effects among people under age 45 years. We used these results to specify prior distributions for cohort effects in a Bayesian model to estimate period effects among people aged 45 years or more. There was no evidence of period effects for people under age 45 years. Risks of rectal and distal colon cancer increased for later birth cohorts. Compared with the 1943-1952 birth cohort, the 1983-1992 birth cohort had 2.2 times the risk of rectal cancer, 1.9 times the risk of distal colon cancer, and 1.3 times the risk of proximal colon cancer. For people aged ≥45 years, period effects showed declines in CRC risk that were attributable to screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria DeYoreo
- Correspondence to Dr. Maria DeYoreo, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA 90401 (e-mail: )
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15
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Alsadhan N, Almaiman A, Pujades-Rodriguez M, Brennan C, Shuweihdi F, Alhurishi SA, West RM. Statistical methods for measuring trends in colorectal cancer incidence in registries: A systematic review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1049486. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1049486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMonitoring cancer trends in a population is essential for tracking the disease’s burden, allocating resources, and informing public health policies. This review describes variations in commonly employed methods to estimate colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence trends.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search in four databases to identify population-based studies reporting CRC incidence trends, published between January 2010 and May 2020. We extracted and described data on methods to estimate trends and assess model validity, and the software used.ResultsThis review included 145 articles based on studies conducted in five continents. The majority (93%) presented visual summaries of trends combined with absolute, relative, or annual change estimates. Fourteen (10%) articles exclusively calculated the relative change in incidence over a given time interval, presented as the percentage of change in rates. Joinpoint regression analysis was the most commonly used method for assessing incidence trends (n= 65, 45%), providing estimates of the annual percentage change (APC) in rates. Nineteen (13%) studies performed Poisson regression and 18 (12%) linear regression analysis. Age-period-cohort modeling- a type of generalized linear models- was conducted in 18 (12%) studies. Thirty-nine (37%) of the studies modeling incidence trends (n=104, 72%) indicated the method used to evaluate model fitness. The joinpoint program (52%) was the statistical software most commonly used.ConclusionThis review identified variation in the calculation of CRC incidence trends and inadequate reporting of model fit statistics. Our findings highlight the need for increasing clarity and transparency in reporting methods to facilitate interpretation, reproduction, and comparison with findings from previous studies.
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16
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Franklyn J, Lomax J, Labib PLZ, Baker A, Balasubramanya S, Natale J, Abdalkoddus M, Hosking J, Coleman MG, Smolarek S. Young-onset colorectal cancer: Insights from an English population-based study. Colorectal Dis 2022; 24:1063-1072. [PMID: 35437885 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Young colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are reported to have more aggressive disease, an advanced stage at diagnosis and conflicting survival outcomes. The aim of this study was to analyse the demographics, clinicopathological features and prognosis of young CRC at a population-based level in England. METHOD This is a retrospective review of all CRC patients using data from Public Health England collated from regional cancer registries in England between 2010 and 2014. Those aged 40 years and below were classified as young and those over 40 were classified as older. RESULTS Overall, 167,501 patients had CRC. Of these, 3757 patients (2.2%) were young. Right-sided cancers were more common in younger patients (48.2% vs. 32.9%, p < 0.001). Favourable histological grade (well or moderately differentiated) was present in 83.1% and 73.5% of young and older patients, respectively. The percentage of young and older patients being diagnosed at an early stage (Stages 1 and 2) was similar at 40.6% vs. 42.9%. The 5-year age- and gender-adjusted relative survival (cancer specific) was significantly better for young patients when compared with older patients diagnosed with CRC. Additionally, overall 5-year survival was better for younger patients (71.6% and 47.2%, p < 0.001 in young and older CRC patients respectively). CONCLUSION The increased right-sided colon cancer in young CRC patients in England warrants attention. Contrary to previous reports, they do not present at later stage. Young CRC patients have better overall and relative survival than older patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Franklyn
- Colorectal Surgery, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - Joe Lomax
- Medical Statistics, Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Peter L Z Labib
- Colorectal Surgery, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - Amy Baker
- Medical Statistics, Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Joe Natale
- Colorectal Surgery, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Joanne Hosking
- Medical Statistics, Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Mark G Coleman
- Colorectal Surgery, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - Sebastian Smolarek
- Colorectal Surgery, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
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17
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The Insulin-like Growth Factor System and Colorectal Cancer. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081274. [PMID: 36013453 PMCID: PMC9410426 DOI: 10.3390/life12081274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are peptides which exert mitogenic, endocrine and cytokine activities. Together with their receptors, binding proteins and associated molecules, they participate in numerous pathophysiological processes, including cancer development. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide, whose etiology usually represents a combination of the environmental and genetic factors. IGFs are most often increased in CRC, enabling excessive autocrine/paracrine stimulation of the cell growth. Overexpression or increased activation/accessibility of IGF receptors is a coinciding step which transmits IGF-related signals. A number of molecules and biochemical mechanisms exert modulatory effects shaping the final outcome of the IGF-stimulated processes, frequently leading to neoplastic transformation in the case of irreparable disbalance. The IGF system and related molecules and pathways which participate in the development of CRC are the focus of this review.
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18
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Chang SH, Patel N, Du M, Liang PS. Trends in Early-onset vs Late-onset Colorectal Cancer Incidence by Race/Ethnicity in the United States Cancer Statistics Database. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:e1365-e1377. [PMID: 34325062 PMCID: PMC8789949 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence has decreased overall in the last several decades, but it has increased among younger adults. Prior studies have characterized this phenomenon in the United States (U.S.) using only a small subset of cases. We describe CRC incidence trends using high-quality data from 92% of the U.S. population, with an emphasis on those younger than 50 years. METHODS We obtained 2001 to 2016 data from the U.S. Cancer Statistics database and analyzed CRC incidence for all age groups, with a focus on individuals diagnosed at ages 20 to 49 years (early-onset CRC). We compared incidence trends stratified by age, as well as by race/ethnicity, sex, region, anatomic site, and stage at diagnosis. RESULTS We observed 191,659 cases of early-onset and 1,097,765 cases of late-onset CRC during the study period. Overall, CRC incidence increased in every age group from 20 to 54 years. Whites were the only racial group with a consistent increase in incidence across all younger ages, with the steepest rise seen after 2012. Hispanics also experienced smaller increases in incidence in most of the younger age groups. Asians/Pacific Islanders and blacks saw no increase in incidence in any age group in 2016, but blacks continued to have the highest incidence of CRC for every age group. Greater increase in early-onset CRC incidence was observed for males, left-sided tumors, and regional and distant disease. CONCLUSIONS Early-onset CRC incidence increased overall from 2001 to 2016, but the trends were markedly different for whites, blacks, Asians/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanics. These results may inform future research on the risk factors underlying early-onset CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter S. Liang
- New York University Langone Health, VA New York Harbor Health Care System
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19
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Alsadhan N, Almaiman A, Pujades-Rodriguez M, Brennan C, Shuweihdi F, Alhurishi SA, West RM. A systematic review of methods to estimate colorectal cancer incidence using population-based cancer registries. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:144. [PMID: 35590277 PMCID: PMC9118801 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies of incidence play an essential role in quantifying disease burden, resource planning, and informing public health policies. A variety of measures for estimating cancer incidence have been used. Appropriate reporting of incidence calculations is essential to enable clear interpretation. This review uses colorectal cancer (CRC) as an exemplar to summarize and describe variation in commonly employed incidence measures and evaluate the quality of reporting incidence methods. Methods We searched four databases for CRC incidence studies published between January 2010 and May 2020. Two independent reviewers screened all titles and abstracts. Eligible studies were population-based cancer registry studies evaluating CRC incidence. We extracted data on study characteristics and author-defined criteria for assessing the quality of reporting incidence. We used descriptive statistics to summarize the information. Results This review retrieved 165 relevant articles. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) (80%) was the most commonly reported incidence measure, and the 2000 U.S. standard population the most commonly used reference population (39%). Slightly more than half (54%) of the studies reported CRC incidence stratified by anatomical site. The quality of reporting incidence methods was suboptimal. Of all included studies: 45 (27%) failed to report the classification system used to define CRC; 63 (38%) did not report CRC codes; and only 20 (12%) documented excluding certain CRC cases from the numerator. Concerning the denominator estimation: 61% of studies failed to state the source of population data; 24 (15%) indicated census years; 10 (6%) reported the method used to estimate yearly population counts; and only 5 (3%) explicitly explained the population size estimation procedure to calculate the overall average incidence rate. Thirty-three (20%) studies reported the confidence interval for incidence, and only 7 (4%) documented methods for dealing with missing data. Conclusion This review identified variations in incidence calculation and inadequate reporting of methods. We outlined recommendations to optimize incidence estimation and reporting practices. There is a need to establish clear guidelines for incidence reporting to facilitate assessment of the validity and interpretation of reported incidence. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12874-022-01632-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah Alsadhan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,School of Medicine, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Alaa Almaiman
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mar Pujades-Rodriguez
- School of Medicine, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Cathy Brennan
- School of Medicine, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Farag Shuweihdi
- School of Medicine, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sultana A Alhurishi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert M West
- School of Medicine, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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20
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Benli S, Colak T, Türkmenoğlu MÖ, Sari H, Baysan C. Do We Underestimate Colorectal Cancer Patients Under 50? POLISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2022; 95:13-19. [PMID: 36806160 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.8386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
<b> Introduction:</b> Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) accounts for approximately 10% of all colorectal cancers (CRCs). EOCRC has a certain hereditary predisposition and distinct clinicopathological and molecular features compared to the traditional average-onset of colorectal cancer (AOCRC). As previous publications have shown, EOCRC has a more advanced TNM stage and a more aggressive tumor histopathology. </br></br> <b> Aim:</b> In this study, we aimed to evaluate the differences and similarities of EOCRC compared to AOCRC based on clinicopathological characteristics. </br></br> <b>Material and methods:</b> Between January 2010 and December 2020, 394 patients with inclusion criteria who were operated on at the 3rd level health center for colorectal cancer were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups as EOCRC (50 years and under) and AOCRC. Pearson's chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables in independent groups. In addition, logistic regression analysis was performed using the Backward method with the variables whose relationship with the age group was evaluated, with P < 0.100. </br></br> <b>Results:</b> Our final analysis included 80 EOCRC cases and 314 controls. When the EOCRC group was compared with the AOCRC group, there was no statistically significant difference between gender, tumor location, T stage of the tumor, and survival (P = 0.190, P = 0.924, P = 0.165, P = 0.574). However, a statistically significant difference in the N stage, degree of differentiation, lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and perineural invasion (PNI) status, and P-values were: P = 0.006, P = 0.029, P = 0.019, and P = 0.003, respectively. </br></br> <b>Conclusion:</b> EOCRC has more aggressive tumor biology than AOCRC. Our study shows that more advanced N stage, poor differentiation, tumor deposits, LVI, and PNI are seen more frequently in EOCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Benli
- Mersin University Medical Faculty, Department of Surgery, Division of Oncological Surgery, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Tahsin Colak
- Mersin University Medical Faculty, Department of Surgery, Division of Oncological Surgery, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Özgür Türkmenoğlu
- Mersin University Medical Faculty, Department of Surgery, Division of Oncological Surgery, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Habip Sari
- Mersin University Medical Faculty, Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Caner Baysan
- Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Turkey
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21
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Early-Age-Onset Colorectal Cancer in Canada: Evidence, Issues and Calls to Action. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:3149-3159. [PMID: 35621646 PMCID: PMC9140191 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29050256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The inaugural Early-Age-Onset Colorectal Cancer Symposium was convened in June 2021 to discuss the implications of rapidly rising rates of early-age-onset colorectal cancer (EAO-CRC) in Canadians under the age of 50 and the impactful outcomes associated with this disease. While the incidence of CRC is declining in people over the age of 50 in Canada and other developed countries worldwide, it is significantly rising in younger people. Canadians born after 1980 are 2 to 2.5 times more likely to be diagnosed with CRC before the age of 50 than previous generations at the same age. While the etiology of EAO-CRC is largely unknown, its characteristics differ in many key ways from CRC diagnosed in older people and warrant a specific approach to risk factor identification, early detection and treatment. Participants of the symposium offered directions for research and clinical practice, and developed actionable recommendations to address the unique needs of these individuals diagnosed with EAO-CRC. Calls for action emerging from the symposium included: increased awareness of EAO-CRC among public and primary care practitioners; promotion of early detection programs in younger populations; and the continuation of research to identify unique risk factor profiles, tumour characteristics and treatment models that can inform tailored approaches to the management of EAO-CRC.
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22
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Incidence trends for twelve cancers in younger adults-a rapid review. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1374-1386. [PMID: 35132237 PMCID: PMC9090760 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancer referral guidelines use patient’s age as a key criterium to decide who should be referred urgently. A recent rise in the incidence of colorectal cancer in younger adults has been described in high-income countries worldwide. Information on other cancers is more limited. The aim of this rapid review was to determine whether other cancers are also increasing in younger age groups, as this may have important implications for prioritising patients for investigation and referral. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science for studies describing age-related incidence trends for colorectal, bladder, lung, oesophagus, pancreas, stomach, breast, ovarian, uterine, kidney and laryngeal cancer and myeloma. ‘Younger’ patients were defined based on NICE guidelines for cancer referral. Ninety-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings show that the incidence of colorectal, breast, kidney, pancreas, uterine cancer is increasing in younger age groups, whilst the incidence of lung, laryngeal and bladder cancer is decreasing. Data for oesophageal, stomach, ovarian cancer and myeloma were inconclusive. Overall, this review provides evidence that some cancers are increasingly being diagnosed in younger age groups, although the mechanisms remain unclear. Cancer investigation and referral guidelines may need updating in light of these trends.
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Symer M, Connolly J, Yeo H. Management of the Malignant Colorectal Polyp. Curr Probl Surg 2022; 59:101124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpsurg.2022.101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lee JK, Merchant SA, Jensen CD, Murphy CC, Udaltsova N, Corley DA. Rising Early-onset Colorectal Cancer Incidence Is Not an Artifact of Increased Screening Colonoscopy Use in a Large, Diverse Healthcare System. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:325-327.e3. [PMID: 34555382 PMCID: PMC8678196 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey K. Lee
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Sophie A. Merchant
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | | | - Caitlin C. Murphy
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Natalia Udaltsova
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Douglas A. Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
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Identification of AGT and CD44 in methotrexate-resistant colorectal cancer and reversal of methotrexate-resistance. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 229:153717. [PMID: 34952427 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to screen out hub genes in 2 methotrexate-resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells (HT29 and Caco2), compared with parental CRC cells and reverse methotrexate-resistance in methotrexate-resistant CRC. GEO database and R software were utilized to analyze the gene expression profiles GSE11440 and GSE16066. Venn diagram was used to identify intersection differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between GSE11440 and GSE16066. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) was utilized to screen out central node genes. Hub genes were determined by volcano graphs, heatmaps and box plots. The functional enrichment analysis was exhibited with DAVID. The GEPIA was used to obtain survival curves to analyze association between patient prognosis and hub genes. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of hub genes. CCK-8 assay was used to show MTX-resistant CRC cell viability following CD44 inhibitor (THIQ) and AGT inhibitor (O6-BG) treatments. In our results, there were 180 intersection DEGs between GSE11440 and GSE16066. CD44 and AGT were screened out as hub genes by PPI, heatmaps, volcano and box plots. In the 2 MTX-resistant CRC cells, the expressions of CD44 and AGT were up-regulated compared with parental CRC cells. The results of western blotting showed that CD44 and AGT were up-regulated in MTX-resistant HT29 and Caco2 cells compared with parental CRC cells. CCK-8 assay results showed that the combination of MTX with O6-BG or THIQ could significantly reduce the activity of MTX-resistant CRC cells. This research screened out CD44 and AGT in MTX-resistant CRC cells by bioinformatics and suggested that the combination of MTX with O6-BG or THIQ could enhance the sensitivity of MTX-resistant CRC cells to MTX. This research provides a new strategy for overcoming MTX-resistance in CRC.
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Kolb JM, Hu J, DeSanto K, Gao D, Singh S, Imperiale T, Lieberman DA, Boland CR, Patel SG. Early-Age Onset Colorectal Neoplasia in Average-Risk Individuals Undergoing Screening Colonoscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1145-1155.e12. [PMID: 34119517 PMCID: PMC8463452 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Incidence and mortality associated with early-age onset colorectal cancer (EAO-CRC) is increasing, prompting professional society recommendations to lower the screening age in average-risk individuals. The yield of screening individuals younger than 50 years is not known. METHODS A systematic review of 3 databases from inception through July 2020 was performed in all languages that reported colonoscopy findings in average-risk individuals younger than 50 years. The primary outcomes were EAO colorectal neoplasia (CRN) and advanced colorectal neoplasia (aCRN) prevalence. Subgroup analyses were performed based on sex, geographic location, time period, and age, including comparison with those aged 50-59 years. Generalized linear mixed model with random intercept logistic regression and fixed subgroup effects were performed. RESULTS Of 10,123 unique articles, 17 studies published between 2002 and 2020, including 51,811 average-risk individuals from 4 continents, were included. The pooled rate of EAO-CRN was 13.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.112%-0.168%) and EAO-aCRN was 2.2% (95% CI, 0.016%-0.031%). Prevalence of CRC was 0.05% (95% CI, 0.00029%-0.0008%). Rates of EAO-CRN were higher in men compared with women (relative risk, 1.71%; 95% CI, 1.49%-1.98%), and highest in the United States (15.6%; 95% CI, 12.2%-19.7%) compared with Europe (14.9%; 95% CI, 6.9%-29.3%), East Asia (13.4%; 95% CI, 10.3%-17.2%), and the Middle East (9.8%; 95% CI, 7.8%-12.2%) (P = .04) The rate of EAO-CRN in age groups 45-49 years and 50-59 years was 17.8% (95% CI, 14.5%-21.6%) and 24.8% (95% CI, 19.5%-30.8%), respectively (P = .04). The rate of EAO-aCRN in age group 45-49 years was 3.6% (95% CI, 1.9%-6.7%) and 4.2% (95% CI, 3.2%-5.7%), respectively (P = .69). CONCLUSIONS The rate of aCRN in individuals aged 45-49 years was similar to the rate observed in individual aged 50-59 years, suggesting that expanding screening to this population could yield a similar impact on colorectal cancer risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Kolb
- H.H. Chao Comprehensive Digestive Disease Center, University of California Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Junxiao Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cancer Center Biostatistics Core, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kristen DeSanto
- Strauss Health Sciences Library, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Dexiang Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Cancer Center Biostatistics Core, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Siddharth Singh
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Thomas Imperiale
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - C. Richard Boland
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Swati G. Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado,Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Hospital, Aurora, Colorado
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27
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Zaborowski AM, Abdile A, Adamina M, Aigner F, d'Allens L, Allmer C, Álvarez A, Anula R, Andric M, Atallah S, Bach S, Bala M, Barussaud M, Bausys A, Bebington B, Beggs A, Bellolio F, Bennett MR, Berdinskikh A, Bevan V, Biondo S, Bislenghi G, Bludau M, Boutall A, Brouwer N, Brown C, Bruns C, Buchanan DD, Buchwald P, Burger JWA, Burlov N, Campanelli M, Capdepont M, Carvello M, Chew HH, Christoforidis D, Clark D, Climent M, Cologne KG, Contreras T, Croner R, Daniels IR, Dapri G, Davies J, Delrio P, Denost Q, Deutsch M, Dias A, D'Hoore A, Drozdov E, Duek D, Dunlop M, Dziki A, Edmundson A, Efetov S, El-Hussuna A, Elliot B, Emile S, Espin E, Evans M, Faes S, Faiz O, Fleming F, Foppa C, Fowler G, Frasson M, Figueiredo N, Forgan T, Frizelle F, Gadaev S, Gellona J, Glyn T, Gong J, Goran B, Greenwood E, Guren MG, Guillon S, Gutlic I, Hahnloser D, Hampel H, Hanly A, Hasegawa H, Iversen LH, Hill A, Hill J, Hoch J, Hoffmeister M, Hompes R, Hurtado L, Iaquinandi F, Imbrasaite U, Islam R, Jafari MD, Kanemitsu Y, Karachun A, Karimuddin AA, Keller DS, Kelly J, Kennelly R, Khrykov G, Kocian P, Koh C, Kok N, Knight KA, Knol J, Kontovounisios C, Korner H, Krivokapic Z, Kronberger I, Kroon HM, Kryzauskas M, Kural S, Kusters M, Lakkis Z, Lankov T, Larson D, Lázár G, Lee KY, Lee SH, Lefèvre JH, Lepisto A, Lieu C, Loi L, Lynch C, Maillou-Martinaud H, Maroli A, Martin S, Martling A, Matzel KE, Mayol J, McDermott F, Meurette G, Millan M, Mitteregger M, Moiseenko A, Monson JRT, Morarasu S, Moritani K, Möslein G, Munini M, Nahas C, Nahas S, Negoi I, Novikova A, Ocares M, Okabayashi K, Olkina A, Oñate-Ocaña L, Otero J, Ozen C, Pace U, São Julião GP, Panaiotti L, Panis Y, Papamichael D, Park J, Patel S, Patrón Uriburu JC, Pera M, Perez RO, Petrov A, Pfeffer F, Phang PT, Poskus T, Pringle H, Proud D, Raguz I, Rama N, Rasheed S, Raval MJ, Rega D, Reissfelder C, Reyes Meneses JC, Ris F, Riss S, Rodriguez-Zentner H, Roxburgh CS, Saklani A, Salido AJ, Sammour T, Saraste D, Schneider M, Seishima R, Sekulic A, Seppala T, Sheahan K, Shine R, Shlomina A, Sica GS, Singnomklao T, Siragusa L, Smart N, Solis A, Spinelli A, Staiger RD, Stamos MJ, Steele S, Sunderland M, Tan KK, Tanis PJ, Tekkis P, Teklay B, Tengku S, Jiménez-Toscano M, Tsarkov P, Turina M, Ulrich A, Vailati BB, van Harten M, Verhoef C, Warrier S, Wexner S, de Wilt H, Weinberg BA, Wells C, Wolthuis A, Xynos E, You N, Zakharenko A, Zeballos J, Winter DC. Characteristics of Early-Onset vs Late-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Review. JAMA Surg 2021; 156:865-874. [PMID: 34190968 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2021.2380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Importance The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (younger than 50 years) is rising globally, the reasons for which are unclear. It appears to represent a unique disease process with different clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics compared with late-onset colorectal cancer. Data on oncological outcomes are limited, and sensitivity to conventional neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy regimens appear to be unknown. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available literature on early-onset colorectal cancer. Observations Within the next decade, it is estimated that 1 in 10 colon cancers and 1 in 4 rectal cancers will be diagnosed in adults younger than 50 years. Potential risk factors include a Westernized diet, obesity, antibiotic usage, and alterations in the gut microbiome. Although genetic predisposition plays a role, most cases are sporadic. The full spectrum of germline and somatic sequence variations implicated remains unknown. Younger patients typically present with descending colonic or rectal cancer, advanced disease stage, and unfavorable histopathological features. Despite being more likely to receive neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, patients with early-onset disease demonstrate comparable oncological outcomes with their older counterparts. Conclusions and Relevance The clinicopathological features, underlying molecular profiles, and drivers of early-onset colorectal cancer differ from those of late-onset disease. Standardized, age-specific preventive, screening, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies are required to optimize outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Abdile
- Department of Surgery, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michel Adamina
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Felix Aigner
- Department of Surgery, Barmherzige Brüder Krankenhaus Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Laura d'Allens
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Allmer
- Department of Surgery, Barmherzige Brüder Krankenhaus Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Álvarez
- Department of Surgery, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocio Anula
- Department of Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mihailo Andric
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sam Atallah
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida
| | - Simon Bach
- Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Miklosh Bala
- Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marie Barussaud
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Augustinas Bausys
- Department of Surgery, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Brendan Bebington
- Department of Surgery, Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andrew Beggs
- Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Felipe Bellolio
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Anton Berdinskikh
- Department of Surgery, St-Petersburg Clinical Scientific and Practical Centre, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vicki Bevan
- Department of Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastiano Biondo
- Department of Surgery, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marc Bludau
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Adam Boutall
- Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nelleke Brouwer
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carl Brown
- Department of Surgery, St Paul's Hospital, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christiane Bruns
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, the University of Melbourne, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pamela Buchwald
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Nikita Burlov
- Department of Surgery, Leningrad Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary, Leningrad, Russia
| | | | - Maylis Capdepont
- Department of Surgery, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michele Carvello
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Hwee-Hoon Chew
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - David Clark
- Department of Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marta Climent
- Department of Surgery, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kyle G Cologne
- Department of Surgery, Keck Hospital, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Tomas Contreras
- Department of Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roland Croner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ian R Daniels
- Department of Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Dapri
- Department of Surgery, St-Pierre University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Justin Davies
- Cambridge Colorectal Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Delrio
- Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Abdominal Oncology Department, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale" IRCSS, Naples, Italy
| | - Quentin Denost
- Department of Surgery, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michael Deutsch
- Department of Surgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Andre Dias
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Cancer of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Evgeniy Drozdov
- Department of Surgery, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Daniel Duek
- Department of Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Malcolm Dunlop
- Department of Surgery, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Dziki
- Department of Surgery, Military Medical Academy University Teaching Hospital, Łódź, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Edmundson
- Department of Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sergey Efetov
- Department of Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alaa El-Hussuna
- Department of Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Brodie Elliot
- Department of Surgery, Whangarei Hospital, Whangarei, New Zealand
| | - Sameh Emile
- Department of Surgery, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eloy Espin
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, General Surgery Service, Hospital Vall de Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martyn Evans
- Department of Surgery, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Seraina Faes
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Omar Faiz
- Department of Surgery, St Mark's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fergal Fleming
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, New York
| | - Caterina Foppa
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - George Fowler
- Department of Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Frasson
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuno Figueiredo
- Department of Surgery, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tim Forgan
- Department of Surgery, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Frizelle
- Department of Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Shamil Gadaev
- Fourth Coloproctology Department, St Petersburg Oncology Center, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jose Gellona
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hospital Militar de Santiago, Le Reina, Chile
| | - Tamara Glyn
- Department of Surgery, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Barisic Goran
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Emma Greenwood
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Stephanie Guillon
- Department of Surgery, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ida Gutlic
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dieter Hahnloser
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Heather Hampel
- Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus
| | - Ann Hanly
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hirotoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Andrew Hill
- Department of Surgery, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James Hill
- Department of Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jiri Hoch
- Department of Surgery, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Roel Hompes
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luis Hurtado
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Rumana Islam
- Department of Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Yukihide Kanemitsu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aleksei Karachun
- Surgical Department of Abdominal Oncology, N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ahmer A Karimuddin
- Department of Surgery, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deborah S Keller
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento
| | - Justin Kelly
- Advent Health Colorectal Surgery, Orlando, Florida
| | - Rory Kennelly
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gleb Khrykov
- Department of Surgery, Leningrad Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary, Leningrad, Russia
| | - Peter Kocian
- Department of Surgery, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cherry Koh
- Department of Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Neils Kok
- Department of Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joep Knol
- Department of Surgery, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Belgium
| | | | - Hartwig Korner
- Department of Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Zoran Krivokapic
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Hidde Maarten Kroon
- Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Said Kural
- School of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Miranda Kusters
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zaher Lakkis
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Timur Lankov
- Surgical Department of Abdominal Oncology, N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dave Larson
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - György Lázár
- Department of Surgery, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kai-Yin Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suk Hwan Lee
- Kyung Here University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jérémie H Lefèvre
- Sorbonne Université, Department of Digestive Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital St Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Anna Lepisto
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christopher Lieu
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Lynette Loi
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Lynch
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Annalisa Maroli
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sean Martin
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna Martling
- Department of Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus E Matzel
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julio Mayol
- Department of Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank McDermott
- Department of Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Monica Millan
- Department of Surgery, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martin Mitteregger
- Department of Surgery, Barmherzige Brüder Krankenhaus Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrei Moiseenko
- Surgical Department of Abdominal Oncology, N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - John R T Monson
- AdventHealth Medical Group Colorectal Surgery, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida
| | - Stefan Morarasu
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Konosuke Moritani
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gabriela Möslein
- Department for Hereditary Tumors, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bethesda, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Martino Munini
- Department of Surgery, Lugano Regional Hospital, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Caio Nahas
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Cancer of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Nahas
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Cancer of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ionut Negoi
- Department of Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anastasia Novikova
- Department of Surgery, Pavlov First St Petersburg State Medical University's Clinic, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Misael Ocares
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Alexandra Olkina
- Surgical Department of Abdominal Oncology, N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Luis Oñate-Ocaña
- Department of Surgery, National Cancer Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Otero
- Department of Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cihan Ozen
- Department of Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ugo Pace
- Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Abdominal Oncology Department, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale" IRCSS, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Lidiia Panaiotti
- Surgical Department of Abdominal Oncology, N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yves Panis
- Department of Surgery, Beaujon Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Jason Park
- Department of Surgery, St Boniface General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Swati Patel
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | | | - Miguel Pera
- Department of Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo O Perez
- Colorectal Surgery Division, Angelita and Joaquim Gama Institute, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexei Petrov
- Surgical Department of Abdominal Oncology, N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Frank Pfeffer
- Department of Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - P Terry Phang
- Department of Surgery, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tomas Poskus
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Heather Pringle
- Department of Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - David Proud
- Department of Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ivana Raguz
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nuno Rama
- Department of Surgery, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Shahnawaz Rasheed
- Department of Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manoj J Raval
- Department of Surgery, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniela Rega
- Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Abdominal Oncology Department, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, "Fondazione G. Pascale" IRCSS, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Frederic Ris
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Riss
- Department of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Campbell S Roxburgh
- Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Tarik Sammour
- Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Deborah Saraste
- Department of Surgery, Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ryo Seishima
- Department of Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Toni Seppala
- Department of Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kieran Sheahan
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Shine
- Department of Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra Shlomina
- Department of Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Neil Smart
- Department of Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Solis
- Colorectal Surgery Unit, General Surgery Service, Hospital Vall de Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonino Spinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roxane D Staiger
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Scott Steele
- Department of Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Ker-Kan Tan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pieter J Tanis
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paris Tekkis
- Department of Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Biniam Teklay
- Department of Surgery, Åbenrå Hospital, Åbenrå, Denmark
| | | | | | - Petr Tsarkov
- Department of Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Matthias Turina
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Ulrich
- Department of Surgery, Lukas Hospital, Neuss, Germany
| | - Bruna B Vailati
- Department of Surgery, Angelita and Joaquim Gama Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Meike van Harten
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Cornelis Verhoef
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Satish Warrier
- Department of Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steve Wexner
- Department of Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston
| | - Hans de Wilt
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin A Weinberg
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Cameron Wells
- Department of Surgery, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Evangelos Xynos
- Department of Surgery, Creta Inter-Clinic Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nancy You
- Department of Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexander Zakharenko
- Department of Surgery, Pavlov First St Petersburg State Medical University's Clinic, St Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Des C Winter
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Gkekas I, Novotny J, Kaprio T, Beilmann-Lehtonen I, Fabian P, Edin S, Strigård K, Svoboda T, Hagström J, Barsova L, Jirasek T, Haglund C, Palmqvist R, Gunnarsson U. Colon cancer patients with mismatch repair deficiency are more likely to present as acute surgical cases. Eur J Cancer 2021; 157:1-9. [PMID: 34461577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of the genetic imprint on the emergency presentation of colon cancer remains unclear. The disparity between tumours evolving along different carcinogenetic pathways has not been studied systematically. This retrospective multicenter cohort study evaluates the association between mismatch repair status and the risk for acute surgery of colon cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective multicenter cohort study including in total 870 patients from three different countries. Scandinavian cohort (Finland and Sweden), including a total of 412 patients operated between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2010, was validated against a cohort from the Czech Republic, including a total of 458 patients, operated between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019. The proficiency or deficiency of mismatch repair was determined by immunohistochemistry. Primary outcome was the risk for acute colon cancer surgery given as the Odds Ratio (OR) in the univariable and multivariable analyses. Acute colon cancer surgery was defined as surgery performed during the same hospital admission as when the diagnosis of colon cancer was made. RESULTS Of the 870 patients (399 females [46%]) included in the analyses, median age at surgery was 69 [interquartile range, 61-76] years, deficient Mismatch Repair (dMMR) status was found in 190 patients (22%), and 179 patients (21%) underwent acute surgery during the same hospital admission as when the diagnosis of colon cancer was made. In the Scandinavian cohort, a significant association between dMMR status and acute surgery was seen in both the univariable (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.11-3.02, P = 0.017) and the multivariable (OR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.28-3.95, P = 0.005) analyses. This was confirmed in the Czech validation cohort in both the univariable (OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.09-3.26, P = 0.022) and the multivariable (OR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.15-3.18, P = 0.021) analyses. CONCLUSION This multicenter study reveals a strong association between acute colon cancer surgery and dMMR tumour status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Gkekas
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jan Novotny
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tuomas Kaprio
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Ines Beilmann-Lehtonen
- Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Pavel Fabian
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sofia Edin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Strigård
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tomas Svoboda
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Faculty Hospital Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Lucie Barsova
- Comprehensive Oncology Center, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | | | - Caj Haglund
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Richard Palmqvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Gunnarsson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Qu R, Ma Y, Tao L, Bao X, Zhou X, Wang B, Li F, Lu S, Tuo L, Zhan S, Zhang Z, Fu W. Features of colorectal cancer in China stratified by anatomic sites: A hospital-based study conducted in university-affiliated hospitals from 2014 to 2018. Chin J Cancer Res 2021; 33:500-511. [PMID: 34584375 PMCID: PMC8435820 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2021.04.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The clinical and biological characteristics of colorectal cancer have been found to differ depending on the anatomic site of the cancer. However, for Chinese patients, there is limited information on the proportion of cases at each site and the related features. In this study, we explored the location, distribution and other features of colorectal cancers at each anatomic site in Chinese patients. Methods We conducted a hospital-based study using hospitalization summary reports from 10 Peking University-affiliated hospitals from 2014 to 2018; the reports covered a total of 2,097,347 hospitalizations. Incident cases were chosen as the study population, and their epidemiological features were further analyzed. Results A total of 20,739 colorectal cancer patients were identified. Rectum was the most common location (48.3%) of the cancer, whereas the proportions of patients with distal and proximal colon cancer were 24.5% and 18.6%, respectively. Patients with rectal cancer were predominantly male and were the youngest for all anatomical sites (each P<0.001). The highest proportion of emergency admissions, the longest hospital stays and the highest hospitalization costs were found in patients with proximal colon cancer (each P<0.001). The proximal colon cancer subgroup included the highest proportions of patients with medical histories of cholecystectomy, cholecystolithiasis and/or gallbladder polyps and appendectomy (P=0.009, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). The distal colon cancer subgroup included the highest proportions of patients with medical histories of diabetes and hypertension (P<0.001, respectively). Conclusions The patterns of colorectal cancer observed in this study differ from those reported for Western patients and show a significantly higher proportion of patients with rectal cancer. Different epidemiological features were also found based on anatomic sites. Further studies based on tumor location should be conducted to facilitate more accurate screening and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruize Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanpeng Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liyuan Tao
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Bao
- Medical Information Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bingyan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Siyi Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lin Tuo
- Department of Hospital Management, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Siyan Zhan
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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Employing bioinformatics analysis to identify hub genes and microRNAs involved in colorectal cancer. Med Oncol 2021; 38:114. [PMID: 34390411 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global health issue that should be addressed in both diagnostics and therapeutics to improve patient survival rate. Today, microarray data analysis is increasingly being used as a novel and effective method for classification of malignancies and making prognostic assessments. Built upon the concept of microarray data analysis and aimed at the identification of CRC-associated genes, our study has adopted an integrative analysis for the gene expression patterns of four microarray datasets in gene expression omnibus (GEO) and microRNAs (miRNAs) expression profiles. We downloaded four gene expression profiles, i.e., GSE37182, GSE25070, GSE10950, and GSE113513, miRNAs gene expression profiles and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We used R software, the DAVID database, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, the Cytoscape program and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for data analysis. Out of the four gene expression profiles, a total of 43 common DEGs were identified, including 10 hub genes, SLC26A3, CLCA1, GUCA2A, MS4A12, CLCA4, GUCA2B, KRT20, AQP8, MAOA, and ADH1A, and four differentially expressed miRNAs, miR-552, miR-423-5p, miR-502-3p, and miR-490-5p. The highly enriched modes of the signaling pathways among these DEGs were speculated to be involved in various processes including nitrogen metabolism, mineral absorption, pancreatic secretions, and tyrosine metabolism in Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database. According to our bioinformatics analysis, the DEGs identified in the present study could be considered as significant hallmarks in the molecular mechanisms of CRC development. Our findings may assist scientists with developing novel strategies not only for prediction of CRC, but also for screening and early diagnosis, and treatment of CRC patients.
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Rydbeck D, Asplund D, Bock D, Haglind E, Park J, Rosenberg J, Walming S, Angenete E. Younger age at onset of colorectal cancer is associated with increased patient's delay. Eur J Cancer 2021; 154:269-276. [PMID: 34298377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate if younger age at diagnosis of colorectal cancer was associated with a diagnostic delay. The secondary objective was to evaluate if symptomatology varied with age. METHOD The study population consisted of the cohorts from two prospective multicentre studies conducted in Sweden and Denmark, the QoLiRECT and QoLiCOL studies. These studies investigated the quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer. Participants responded to the validated questionnaires used to extract information on patient's and doctor's delay as well as first presenting symptoms. Clinical variables were retrieved from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry and the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group Database. RESULTS 2574 patients were included, 1085 from QoLiRECT and 1489 from QoLiCOL. The probability of an increased patient's delay was higher when age decreased by 10 years (the SD in both QoLiRECT and QoLiCOL), adjusted OR 1.19 (95%CI: 1.10; 1.30), p < 0.001. A similar effect was found for doctor's delay, but the age effect was smaller in this case, adjusted OR 1.05 (95%CI: 0.97; 1.15), p = 0.177. When the age effect was analysed non-linearly, an increased probability of a delay was seen for patients from around 60 years and below. Younger patients were equally or more likely to report the symptoms of blood in stool, diarrhoea, constipation, mucus in faeces, faecal urgency, faecal emptying difficulties and pain compared to older patients. CONCLUSION Younger patients were more likely to have an increased patient's delay, probably contributing to a delayed diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Symptomatology at diagnosis was similar irrespective of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rydbeck
- Department of Surgery, SSORG - Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Dept. of Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Dan Asplund
- Department of Surgery, SSORG - Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Dept. of Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Bock
- Department of Surgery, SSORG - Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Haglind
- Department of Surgery, SSORG - Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Park
- Department of Surgery, SSORG - Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Dept. of Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jacob Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, DK-2730, Denmark
| | - Sofie Walming
- Department of Surgery, SSORG - Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Surgery, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Eva Angenete
- Department of Surgery, SSORG - Scandinavian Surgical Outcomes Research Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Dept. of Surgery, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Mahanani MR, Kaucher S, Kajüter H, Holleczek B, Becher H, Winkler V. Colorectal Cancer among Resettlers from the Former Soviet Union and in the General German Population: Clinical and Pathological Characteristics and Trends. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094547. [PMID: 33922962 PMCID: PMC8123280 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined time trends and clinical and pathological characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) among ethnic German migrants from the Former Soviet Union (resettlers) and the general German population. Incidence data from two population-based cancer registries were used to analyze CRC as age-standardized rates (ASRs) over time. The respective general populations and resettler cohorts were used to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) by time-period (before and after the introduction of screening colonoscopy in 2002), tumor location, histologic type, grade, and stage at diagnosis. Additionally, SIRs were modeled with Poisson regression to depict time trends. During the study period from 1990 to 2013, the general populations showed a yearly increase of ASR, but for age above 55, truncated ASR started to decline after 2002. Among resettlers, 229 CRC cases were observed, resulting in a lowered incidence for all clinical and pathological characteristics compared to the general population (overall SIR: 0.78, 95% CI 0.68–0.89). Regression analysis revealed an increasing SIR trend after 2002. Population-wide CRC incidence decreases after the introduction of screening colonoscopy. In contrast the lowered CRC incidence among resettlers is attenuating to the general population after 2002, suggesting that resettlers do not benefit equally from screening colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melani Ratih Mahanani
- Epidemiology of Transition, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.R.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Simone Kaucher
- Epidemiology of Transition, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.R.M.); (S.K.)
| | | | | | - Heiko Becher
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Volker Winkler
- Epidemiology of Transition, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.R.M.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Kalyta A, De Vera MA, Peacock S, Telford JJ, Brown CJ, Donnellan F, Gill S, Loree JM. Canadian Colorectal Cancer Screening Guidelines: Do They Need an Update Given Changing Incidence and Global Practice Patterns? Curr Oncol 2021; 28:1558-1570. [PMID: 33919428 PMCID: PMC8161738 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and second leading cause of cancer death in Canada. Organized screening programs targeting Canadians aged 50 to 74 at average risk of developing the disease have contributed to decreased rates of CRC, improved patient outcomes and reduced healthcare costs. However, data shows that recent incidence reductions are unique to the screening-age population, while rates in people under-50 are on the rise. Similar incidence patterns in the United States prompted the American Cancer Society and U.S. Preventive Services Task Force to recommend screening begin at age 45 rather than 50. We conducted a review of screening practices in Canada, framing them in the context of similar global health systems as well as the evidence supporting the recent U.S. recommendations. Epidemiologic changes in Canada suggest earlier screening initiation in average-risk individuals may be reasonable, but the balance of costs to benefits remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kalyta
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer/University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada; (A.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Mary A. De Vera
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Stuart Peacock
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada;
| | - Jennifer J. Telford
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (J.J.T.); (F.D.)
| | - Carl J. Brown
- Division of General Surgery, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada;
| | - Fergal Donnellan
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada; (J.J.T.); (F.D.)
| | - Sharlene Gill
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer/University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada; (A.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Jonathan M. Loree
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer/University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada; (A.K.); (S.G.)
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Musselwhite LW, May FP, Salem ME, Mitchell EP. Colorectal Cancer: In the Pursuit of Health Equity. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2021; 41:108-117. [PMID: 34010044 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_321071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer mortality has decreased considerably following the adoption of national screening programs, yet, within at-risk subgroups, there continue to be measurable differences in clinical outcomes from variations in screening, receipt of chemotherapy, radiation or surgery, access to clinical trials, research participation, and survivorship. These disparities are well-described and some have worsened over time. Disparities identified have included race and ethnicity, age (specifically young adults), socioeconomic status, insurance access, geography, and environmental exposures. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, colorectal cancer care has necessarily shifted dramatically, with broad, immediate uptake of telemedicine, transition to oral medications when feasible, and considerations for sequence of treatment. However, it has additionally marginalized patients with colorectal cancer with historically disparate cancer-specific outcomes; among them, uninsured, low-income, immigrant, and ethnic-minority patients-all of whom are more likely to become infected, be hospitalized, and die of either COVID-19 or colorectal cancer. Herein, we outline measurable disparities, review implemented solutions, and define strategies toward ensuring that all have a fair and just opportunity to be as healthy as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura W Musselwhite
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Folasade P May
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA-Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mohamed E Salem
- Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
| | - Edith P Mitchell
- Center to Eliminate Cancer Disparities, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, PA
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Griffiths CD, McKechnie T, Lee Y, Springer JE, Doumouras AG, Hong D, Eskicioglu C. Presentation and survival among patients with colorectal cancer before the age of screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Surg 2021; 64:E91-E100. [PMID: 33599450 PMCID: PMC7955831 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.013019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of colorectal cancer in North America is rising among patients younger than 50 years. Available data are conflicting regarding presentation and outcomes in this population. This review aimed to synthesize literature regarding young patients with colorectal cancer with respect to patient demographics, disease extent and survival, compared with patients older than 50 years. Methods We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and PubMed for articles published between 1990 and the time of search. Articles comparing North American patients with colorectal cancer younger and older than 50 years were eligible for inclusion. We used a random-effects model to pool odds ratios. Results Eight retrospective studies were eligible for inclusion (n = 790 959). Mean age was 42.6 years (standard deviation [SD] 5.07) in the younger group, and 69.1 years (SD 9.25) in the older group. Young patients were more likely to present with regional (odds ratio [OR] 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–1.40) and distant disease (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.30–1.67). Considering patients at all stages of disease, differences in 5-year overall survival (OR 1.54, 95%CI 0.96–2.47) and cancer-specific survival (OR 1.01, 95%CI 0.91–1.13) were not statistically significant between groups. However, when controlling for disease extent, 5-year cancer-specific survival was significantly higher among young patients with local (OR 1.69, 95%CI 1.43–1.99), regional (OR 1.37, 95%CI 1.16–1.63) and distant disease (OR 1.79, 95%CI 1.45–2.21). Conclusion North American patients presenting with colorectal cancer before the age of 50 years are more likely to have advanced disease. Although overall and cancer-specific survival is not significantly different between these groups, younger patients have improved survival when controlling for cancer stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Griffiths
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Griffiths, McKechnie, Lee, Springer, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu); the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McKechnie, Lee); and the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Healthcare, Hamilton, Ont. (Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Tyler McKechnie
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Griffiths, McKechnie, Lee, Springer, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu); the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McKechnie, Lee); and the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Healthcare, Hamilton, Ont. (Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Yung Lee
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Griffiths, McKechnie, Lee, Springer, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu); the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McKechnie, Lee); and the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Healthcare, Hamilton, Ont. (Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Jeremy E Springer
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Griffiths, McKechnie, Lee, Springer, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu); the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McKechnie, Lee); and the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Healthcare, Hamilton, Ont. (Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Aristithes G Doumouras
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Griffiths, McKechnie, Lee, Springer, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu); the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McKechnie, Lee); and the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Healthcare, Hamilton, Ont. (Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Dennis Hong
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Griffiths, McKechnie, Lee, Springer, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu); the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McKechnie, Lee); and the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Healthcare, Hamilton, Ont. (Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
| | - Cagla Eskicioglu
- From the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (Griffiths, McKechnie, Lee, Springer, Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu); the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. (McKechnie, Lee); and the Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Joseph Healthcare, Hamilton, Ont. (Doumouras, Hong, Eskicioglu)
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Rogers CR, Obidike OJ, Wallington SF, Hussein M, Mahamed ZA, Sampson J. A qualitative study of barriers and enablers associated with colorectal cancer screening among Somali men in Minnesota. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2021; 26:168-185. [PMID: 29973057 PMCID: PMC6320306 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2018.1493438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The rate of cancer screening is generally increasing in the US. In Minnesota, the statewide average rate of screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is 73%. However, screening completion is relatively low among Somali men; overall, only 27% of Somali immigrants have been screened for CRC. Factors contributing to this disparity have not been well researched. The purpose of this pilot study was to employ focus group methodology to describe and advance understanding of the barriers and enablers associated with CRC screening among Somali men ages 50-74 in Minnesota. Three focus groups were conducted among 27 Somali men in Minnesota. A 9-question, semi-structured interview guide was used. The sessions were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and checked for accuracy by research staff prior to data analysis. Three research team members utilized the constant comparative method and NVivo to conduct data analysis. Five barriers to CRC screening emerged from the analyses: (1) lack of knowledge, (2) emotional barriers, (3) acculturation, (4) accountability, and (5) fatalistic beliefs. In addition, two factors enabling CRC screening and prevention emerged: the need for tailored interventions and preventive lifestyle behaviors. The insights gained from this research will assist in developing health promotion and education-focused interventions that encourage Somali immigrants in Minnesota and beyond to seek early detection screening for CRC.Abbreviations: CRC: Colorectal Cancer; FIT: Fecal Immunochemical Test; FOBT: Fecal Occult Blood Test; FQHC: Federally Qualified Health Center; PA: Project Assistant; PI: Principal Investigator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R. Rogers
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Dept. of Family Medicine & Community Health, 717 Delaware St. SE, Suite 166, Minneapolis, MN 55414, Tel. +1-612-626-3894, Fax +1-612-626-6782
| | | | - Sherrie F. Wallington
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
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Lee SY, Lee SI, Min BW, Oh SC. Prognostic implication of systemic inflammatory markers in young patients with resectable colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Treat Res 2021; 100:25-32. [PMID: 33457394 PMCID: PMC7791188 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2021.100.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The prognosis of young colorectal cancer (CRC) patients has not fully been addressed. The prognostic significance of systemic inflammatory markers was examined in those patients. METHODS A total of 965 patients with resectable CRC were divided into young (≤ 50 years, n = 101) and old groups (> 51 years, n = 864). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) > 5, derived NLR (dNLR) > 3, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) < 2, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) > 150, and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) < 45 were analyzed for prognosis. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared using the log-rank test. A multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS In the young group, NLR > 5, LMR < 2, and PNI < 45 were significantly associated with OS with univariate analyses. dNLR > 3 and those markers showed significance for PFS. LMR < 2 was a significant marker for poor PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 5.81; P = 0.020) in the multivariate analysis. In the old group, all inflammatory markers were significantly associated with OS and PFS with univariate analyses. LMR < 2 (HR, 2.66; P = 0.016) and PNI < 45 (HR, 2.14; P = 0.016) were independently associated with OS in multivariate analyses. PLR > 150 (HR, 1.45; P = 0.036) and PNI < 45 (HR, 1.73; P = 0.002) were significant markers for PFS. CONCLUSION Systemic inflammation might be one of biologic factors that influence on prognosis of young CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-young Lee
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea
| | - Sun Il Lee
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Min
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Cheul Oh
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Miguel CA, Paskett ED, Fisher JL, Fickle DK, Washington CM, Degraffinreid C, Tatum C, Gray II DM. Scripted tours through a giant inflatable colon: An innovative and effective educational tool in urban communities. Prev Med Rep 2020; 20:101248. [PMID: 33294315 PMCID: PMC7695982 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men and women in the US and mortality rates are increasing among young adults. Although CRC is largely preventable with screening and often curable when detected at an early stage, many age-appropriate individuals remain unscreened or are not currently up-to-date with screening. We aimed to examine the impact of providing guided, scripted tours through an inflatable colon on three domains: CRC knowledge, likelihood of communicating about CRC with others, and the intention to be screened for CRC in a diverse, urban population. The inflatable walk-through colon was exhibited at five community events in Franklin County, Ohio between March 2015 and August 2016. A pre and posttest research design and composite scores were stratified into three age groups (<45 years, 45-49 years and ≥ 50 years of age). Descriptive statistics were used to describe and compare demographic characteristics. Logistic regression was used to examine potential associations between demographic factors and the three outcomes of interest. These tours led to statistically significant increases in CRC knowledge, communication, and intention to undergo CRC screening among participants in all three age cohorts. In addition, the intention of undergo screening after a tour among individuals<45 years of age were nearly three times that of those older than 50 (OR = 2.66; 95%CI = 1.49-4.75). Overall, this study supports the use of scripted tours through an inflatable colon exhibit as a potentially effective intervention to increase age-appropriate CRC screening uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Electra D. Paskett
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James L. Fisher
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Darla K. Fickle
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Cathy Tatum
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Darrell M. Gray II
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Xu D, Wu Y, Wang X, Hu X, Qin W, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Lu S, Sun T, Wu Z, Fu D, Fu B, Zhang J, Chen Q, Wei M, Zhao L, Wu H. Identification of functional circRNA/miRNA/mRNA regulatory network for exploring prospective therapy strategy of colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:4785-4797. [PMID: 32115780 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) has been reported to have great scientific significance and clinical value in multiple cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the biological function of most circRNAs in CRC is still in its infancy. Herein, we discovered the differential expressed circRNAs (DECs) between CRC tissues and matched adjacent using deep RNA sequencing and further confirmed the DECs expression by combining with another Gene Expression Omnibus dataset. Furthermore, we validated the expression of the top four upregulated circRNAs (hsa_circ_0030632, hsa_circ_0004887, hsa_circ_0001550, and hsa_circ_0001681) in both of paired CRC tissues and CRC cell lines. Then, a circRNA/microRNA/messenger RNA regulatory network was established and the Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed these four circRNAs participated in various biological processed including apoptotic process and multiple metabolic processes. Moreover, based on the regulatory network, three bioactive compounds (pergolide, pivampicillin, and methylergometrine) for the treatment of CRC were also found. In conclusion, this study improved our understanding of circRNAs and may also facilitate the finding of promising targets and biomarkers in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiufang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenyan Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yalun Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Senxu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhikun Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dandan Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Boshi Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiuchen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huizhe Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Schneider JL, Feigelson HS, Quinn VP, McMullen C, Pawloski PA, Powers JD, Sterrett AT, Arterburn D, Corley DA. Variation in Colorectal Cancer Stage and Mortality across Large Community-Based Populations: PORTAL Colorectal Cancer Cohort. Perm J 2020; 24:19.182. [PMID: 33183496 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/19.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality can be reduced by effective screening and/or treatment. However, the influence of health care systems on disparities among insured patients is largely unexplored. METHODS To evaluate insured patients with CRC diagnosed between 2010 and 2014 across 6 diverse US health care systems in the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) Patient Outcomes Research To Advance Learning (PORTAL) CRC cohort, we contrasted CRC stage; CRC mortality; all-cause mortality; and influences of demographics, stage, comorbidities, and treatment between health systems. RESULTS Among 16,211 patients with CRC, there were significant differences between health care systems in CRC stage at diagnosis, CRC-specific mortality, and all-cause mortality. The unadjusted risk of CRC mortality varied from 27% lower to 21% higher than the reference system (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.73, 95% confidence interval = 0.66-0.80 to HR = 1.21, 95% confidence interval = 1.05-1.40; p < 0.01 across systems). Significant differences persisted after adjustment for demographics and comorbidities (p < 0.01); however, adjustment for stage eliminated significant differences (p = 0.24). All-cause mortality among patients with CRC differed approximately 30% between health care systems (HR = 0.89-1.17; p < 0.01). Adjustment for age eliminated significant differences (p = 0.48). DISCUSSION Differences in CRC survival between health care systems were largely explained by stage at diagnosis, not demographics, comorbidity, or treatment. Given that stage is strongly related to early detection, these results suggest that variation in CRC screening systems represents a modifiable systems-level factor for reducing disparities in CRC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Virginia P Quinn
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Carmit McMullen
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR
| | | | - John D Powers
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver
| | | | - David Arterburn
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle
| | - Douglas A Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
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Nogueira L, Chawla N, Han X, Jemal A, Yabroff KR. Colorectal Cancer Care Among Young Adult Patients After the Dependent Coverage Expansion Under the Affordable Care Act. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 112:1063-1066. [PMID: 31854444 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the Dependent Coverage Expansion (DCE) under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on receipt of colorectal cancer treatment has yet to be determined. We identified newly diagnosed DCE-eligible (aged 19-25 years, n = 1924) and DCE-ineligible (aged 27-34 years, n = 8313) colorectal cancer patients from the National Cancer Database from 2007 to 2013. All statistical tests were two-sided. Post-ACA, there was a statistically significant increase in early-stage diagnosis among DCE-eligible (15 percentage point increase, confidence interval = 9.8, 20.2; P < .001), but not DCE-ineligible (P = .09), patients. DCE-eligible patients resected for IIB-IIIC colorectal cancer were more likely to receive timely adjuvant chemotherapy (hazard ratio = 1.34, 95% confidence interval = 1.05 to 1.71; 7.0 days' decrease in restricted mean time from surgery to chemotherapy, P = .01), with no differences in DCE-ineligible patients (hazard ratio = 1.10, 95% confidence interval = 0.98 to 1.24; 2.1 days' decrease, P = .41) post-ACA. Our findings highlight the role of the ACA in improving access to potentially lifesaving cancer care, including a shift to early-stage diagnosis and more timely receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Nogueira
- Surveillance and Health Service Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Neetu Chawla
- Health Services Research & Development, Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy, Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California Los Angeles School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xuesong Han
- Surveillance and Health Service Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Service Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - K Robin Yabroff
- Surveillance and Health Service Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
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Freitas BAD, Loth CAT, Swarowsky GL, LourenÇo GM, Fillmann LS, Fillmann HS, Santos ML, Padoin AV. ARE OBESITY AND ADENOMA DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATED AS COLORECTAL CANCER PRECURSORS? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 33:e1500. [PMID: 32667530 PMCID: PMC7357550 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020190001e1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most important concerns on health is the increased rates of obesity in population and the speed in which this number is increasing. This number translates a serious public health problem, since it also increases the risk of several other diseases associated with obesity resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Among them, it seems to be connected to several neoplasms, such as colorectal carcinoma. AIM To evaluate the impact of obesity as a risk factor for colorectal carcinoma through the detection of adenoma, and to discuss the mechanisms that could establish a link between obesity and neoplasm. METHODS Patients who underwent colonoscopy were included. Personal and anthropometric data, clinical history, and results of the tests were analyzed in order to verify the correlation of BMI and the presence of adenomatous polyps. RESULTS A total of 142 patients were studied, which a mean age of 62 years. Of the patients, 74 (52.1%) were men and 68 (47.9%) were. Obesity was identified in 16.2% of the patients. Polyps were found in 61 (42.9%), mostly smaller than 1 cm. Obese individuals were 1.56 times more likely to present colorectal adenoma than patients with normal weight. CONCLUSION This study, although showing the greater presence of colorectal adenomas in obese individuals, did not show a significant difference in the occurrence of pre-malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lucio Sarubbi Fillmann
- Pontifical University do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Luiza Santos
- Pontifical University do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Secretome Proteomic Approaches for Biomarker Discovery: An Update on Colorectal Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56090443. [PMID: 32878319 PMCID: PMC7559921 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Searching for new cancer-related biomarkers is a key priority for the early detection of solid tumors, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), in clinically relevant biological fluids. The cell line and/or tumor tissue secretome represents a valuable resource for discovering novel protein markers secreted by cancer cells. The advantage of a secretome analysis is the reduction of the large dynamic range characterizing human plasma/serum, and the simultaneous enrichment of low abundance cancer-secreted proteins, thereby overcoming the technical limitations underlying the direct search in blood samples. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of recent studies on the CRC secretome for biomarker discovery, focusing both on methodological and technical aspects of secretome proteomic approaches and on biomarker-independent validation in CRC patient samples (blood and tissues). Secretome proteomics are mainly based on LC-MS/MS analyses for which secretome samples are either in-gel or in-solution trypsin-digested. Adequate numbers of biological and technical replicates are required to ensure high reproducibility and robustness of the secretome studies. Moreover, another major challenge is the accuracy of proteomic quantitative analysis performed by label-free or labeling methods. The analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the CRC secretome by using bioinformatic tools allowed the identification of potential biomarkers for early CRC detection. In this scenario, this review may help to follow-up the recent secretome studies in order to select promising circulating biomarkers to be validated in larger screenings, thereby contributing toward a complete translation in clinical practice.
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Chen J, Zeng Z, Huang L, Luo S, Dong J, Zhou FH, Zhou K, Wang L, Kang L. Photothermal therapy technology of metastatic colorectal cancer. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:3089-3115. [PMID: 32774688 PMCID: PMC7407689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies. The current treatments of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are ineffective and the bottleneck problem. It is of significance to explore effective new therapeutic strategies to eradicate mCRC. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an emerging technology for tumor therapy, with the potential in the treatment of mCRC. In this review, the current treatment approaches to mCRC including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy interventional therapy, biotherapy, and photothermal therapy are reviewed. In addition, we will focus on the various kinds of nanomaterials used in PTT for the treatment of CRC both in vitro and in vivo models. In conclusion, we will summarize the combined application of PTT with other theranostic methods, and propose future research directions of PTT in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziwei Zeng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuangling Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianghui Dong
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South AustraliaAdelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Fiona H Zhou
- School of Medicine, University of AdelaideAdelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Kun Zhou
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South AustraliaAdelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Liping Wang
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South AustraliaAdelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Liang Kang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510655, Guangdong, China
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Siegel RL, Medhanie GA, Fedewa SA, Jemal A. State Variation in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in the United States, 1995-2015. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:1104-1106. [PMID: 31141602 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which the increase in early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) in the United States varies geographically is unknown. We analyzed changes in CRC incidence and risk factors among people aged 20-49 years by state using high-quality population-based cancer registry data provided by the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and national survey data, respectively. Early-onset CRC incidence was mostly stable among blacks and Hispanics but increased in 40 of 47 states among non-Hispanic whites, most prominently in western states. For example, rates increased in Washington from 6.7 (per 100 000) during 1995-1996 to 11.5 during 2014-2015 (rate ratio = 1.73, 95% confidence interval = 1.48 to 2.01) and in Colorado from 6.0 to 9.5 (rate ratio = 1.57, 95% confidence interval = 1.30 to 1.91). Nevertheless, current CRC incidence was highest in southern states. From 1995 to 2005, increases occurred in obesity prevalence in all states and heavy alcohol consumption in one-third of states, but neither were correlated with CRC incidence trends. Early-onset CRC is increasing most rapidly among whites in western states. Etiologic studies are needed to explore early life colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Brenner DR, Ruan Y, Shaw E, O'Sullivan D, Poirier AE, Heer E, Villeneuve PJ, Walter SD, Friedenreich CM, Smith L, De P. Age-standardized cancer-incidence trends in Canada, 1971-2015. CMAJ 2020; 191:E1262-E1273. [PMID: 31740536 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.190355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cancer incidence over time is well documented in Canada, trends by birth cohort and age group are less well known. We analyzed age- and sex-standardized incidence trends in Canada for 16 major cancer sites and all cancers combined. METHODS We obtained nationally representative population-based cancer incidence data in Canada between 1971 and 2015 from the National Cancer Incidence Reporting System (1969-1992) and the Canadian Cancer Registry (1992-2015). We analyzed cancer-incidence trends, reported as annual percent change (APC) for each 10-year group from age 20 to 89 years. We also estimated age-adjusted incidence rate ratios from fitted birth cohort models. RESULTS Across most age categories, the most recent trends show significant decreases in the incidence of cervical (APC -8.8% to -0.33%), lung (men: -7.42% to -0.36%; women: -6.27% to 1.07%), bladder (women: -4.12% to -0.07%; men: -5.13% to -0.38%) and prostate cancer (-11.11% to -1.11%). Significant increasing trends were observed for kidney, thyroid and uterine cancers. Overall incidence has increased among both sexes younger than 50 years of age, with recent increases in pancreatic cancer among men, breast cancer among women and colorectal cancer among both sexes. From the birth cohort analysis, we observed increasing trends in colorectal, liver and prostate cancers among men; kidney cancer and melanoma among women; and thyroid cancer among both sexes. We observed decreasing trends in cervical and ovarian cancers, and in bladder and lung cancers among men. INTERPRETATION Cancer incidence is decreasing at many sites targeted by primary-prevention efforts, such as smoking cessation and screening programs. Substantial increases in incidence among younger populations are driven by cancers possibly associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Brenner
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner, Friedenreich), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Ruan, Shaw, Poirier, Heer, Friedenreich), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Public Health Sciences (O'Sullivan), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Health Sciences (Villeneuve), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Walter), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Cancer Society (Smith); Surveillance and Cancer Registry (De), Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont.
| | - Yibing Ruan
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner, Friedenreich), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Ruan, Shaw, Poirier, Heer, Friedenreich), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Public Health Sciences (O'Sullivan), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Health Sciences (Villeneuve), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Walter), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Cancer Society (Smith); Surveillance and Cancer Registry (De), Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - Eileen Shaw
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner, Friedenreich), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Ruan, Shaw, Poirier, Heer, Friedenreich), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Public Health Sciences (O'Sullivan), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Health Sciences (Villeneuve), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Walter), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Cancer Society (Smith); Surveillance and Cancer Registry (De), Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - Dylan O'Sullivan
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner, Friedenreich), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Ruan, Shaw, Poirier, Heer, Friedenreich), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Public Health Sciences (O'Sullivan), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Health Sciences (Villeneuve), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Walter), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Cancer Society (Smith); Surveillance and Cancer Registry (De), Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - Abbey E Poirier
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner, Friedenreich), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Ruan, Shaw, Poirier, Heer, Friedenreich), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Public Health Sciences (O'Sullivan), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Health Sciences (Villeneuve), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Walter), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Cancer Society (Smith); Surveillance and Cancer Registry (De), Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - Emily Heer
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner, Friedenreich), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Ruan, Shaw, Poirier, Heer, Friedenreich), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Public Health Sciences (O'Sullivan), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Health Sciences (Villeneuve), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Walter), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Cancer Society (Smith); Surveillance and Cancer Registry (De), Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - Paul J Villeneuve
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner, Friedenreich), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Ruan, Shaw, Poirier, Heer, Friedenreich), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Public Health Sciences (O'Sullivan), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Health Sciences (Villeneuve), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Walter), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Cancer Society (Smith); Surveillance and Cancer Registry (De), Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - Stephen D Walter
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner, Friedenreich), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Ruan, Shaw, Poirier, Heer, Friedenreich), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Public Health Sciences (O'Sullivan), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Health Sciences (Villeneuve), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Walter), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Cancer Society (Smith); Surveillance and Cancer Registry (De), Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner, Friedenreich), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Ruan, Shaw, Poirier, Heer, Friedenreich), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Public Health Sciences (O'Sullivan), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Health Sciences (Villeneuve), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Walter), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Cancer Society (Smith); Surveillance and Cancer Registry (De), Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - Leah Smith
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner, Friedenreich), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Ruan, Shaw, Poirier, Heer, Friedenreich), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Public Health Sciences (O'Sullivan), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Health Sciences (Villeneuve), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Walter), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Cancer Society (Smith); Surveillance and Cancer Registry (De), Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
| | - Prithwish De
- Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences (Brenner, Friedenreich), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Brenner, Ruan, Shaw, Poirier, Heer, Friedenreich), CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Department of Public Health Sciences (O'Sullivan), Queen's University, Kingston, Ont.; Department of Health Sciences (Villeneuve), Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont.; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Walter), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Cancer Society (Smith); Surveillance and Cancer Registry (De), Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ont
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47
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Identification and Verification of Core Genes in Colorectal Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8082697. [PMID: 32462020 PMCID: PMC7232680 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8082697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, a malignant neoplasm that occurs in the colorectal mucosa, is one of the most common types of gastrointestinal cancer. Colorectal cancer has been studied extensively, but the molecular mechanisms of this malignancy have not been characterized. This study identified and verified core genes associated with colorectal cancer using integrated bioinformatics analysis. Three gene expression profiles (GSE15781, GSE110223, and GSE110224) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. A total of 87 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among GSE15781, GSE110223, and GSE110224 were identified, including 19 upregulated genes and 68 downregulated genes. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis was performed for common DEGs using clusterProfiler. These common DEGs were significantly involved in cancer-associated functions and signaling pathways. Then, we constructed protein-protein interaction networks of these common DEGs using Cytoscape software, which resulted in the identification of the following 10 core genes: SST, PYY, CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL3, ZG16, AQP8, CLCA4, MS4A12, and GUCA2A. Analysis using qRT-PCR has shown that SST, CXCL8, and MS4A12 were significant differentially expressed between colorectal cancer tissues and normal colorectal tissues (P < 0.05). Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) overall survival (OS) has shown that low expressions of AQP8, ZG16, CXCL3, and CXCL8 may predict poor survival outcome in colorectal cancer. In conclusion, the core genes identified in this study contributed to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in colorectal cancer development and may be targets for early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of colorectal cancer.
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48
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Siegel RL, Miller KD, Goding Sauer A, Fedewa SA, Butterly LF, Anderson JC, Cercek A, Smith RA, Jemal A. Colorectal cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin 2020; 70:145-164. [PMID: 32133645 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2877] [Impact Index Per Article: 719.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society provides an update of CRC occurrence based on incidence data (available through 2016) from population-based cancer registries and mortality data (through 2017) from the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2020, approximately 147,950 individuals will be diagnosed with CRC and 53,200 will die from the disease, including 17,930 cases and 3,640 deaths in individuals aged younger than 50 years. The incidence rate during 2012 through 2016 ranged from 30 (per 100,000 persons) in Asian/Pacific Islanders to 45.7 in blacks and 89 in Alaska Natives. Rapid declines in incidence among screening-aged individuals during the 2000s continued during 2011 through 2016 in those aged 65 years and older (by 3.3% annually) but reversed in those aged 50 to 64 years, among whom rates increased by 1% annually. Among individuals aged younger than 50 years, the incidence rate increased by approximately 2% annually for tumors in the proximal and distal colon, as well as the rectum, driven by trends in non-Hispanic whites. CRC death rates during 2008 through 2017 declined by 3% annually in individuals aged 65 years and older and by 0.6% annually in individuals aged 50 to 64 years while increasing by 1.3% annually in those aged younger than 50 years. Mortality declines among individuals aged 50 years and older were steepest among blacks, who also had the only decreasing trend among those aged younger than 50 years, and excluded American Indians/Alaska Natives, among whom rates remained stable. Progress against CRC can be accelerated by increasing access to guideline-recommended screening and high-quality treatment, particularly among Alaska Natives, and elucidating causes for rising incidence in young and middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Siegel
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kimberly D Miller
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ann Goding Sauer
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stacey A Fedewa
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lynn F Butterly
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Joseph C Anderson
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont
| | - Andrea Cercek
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Robert A Smith
- Cancer Control Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
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49
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Saad El Din K, Loree JM, Sayre EC, Gill S, Brown CJ, Dau H, De Vera MA. Trends in the epidemiology of young-onset colorectal cancer: a worldwide systematic review. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:288. [PMID: 32252672 PMCID: PMC7137305 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data suggest that the risk of young-onset colorectal cancer (yCRC), in adults less than 50 years of age, is increasing. To confirm findings and identify contemporary trends worldwide, we conducted a systematic review of studies examining population-level trends in yCRC epidemiology. METHODS We searched MEDLINE (1946-2018), EMBASE (1974-2018), CINAHL (1982-2018), and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2005-2018) for studies that used an epidemiologic design, assessed trends in yCRC incidence or prevalence, and published in English. Extracted information included country, age cut-off for yCRC, and reported trends in incidence or prevalence (e.g. annual percent change [APC]). We pooled similarly reported trend estimates using random effects models. RESULTS Our search yielded 8695 articles and after applying our inclusion criteria, we identified 40 studies from 12 countries across five continents. One study assessed yCRC prevalence trends reporting an APCp of + 2.6 and + 1.8 among 20-39 and 40-49 year olds, respectively. 39 studies assessed trends in yCRC incidence but with substantial variability in reporting. Meta-analysis of the most commonly reported trend estimate yielded a pooled overall APCi of + 1.33 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.68; p < 0.0001) that is largely driven by findings from North America and Australia. Also contributing to these trends is the increasing risk of rectal cancer as among 14 studies assessing cancer site, nine showed an increased risk of rectal cancer in adults less than 50 years with APCi up to + 4.03 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review highlights increasing yCRC risk in North America and Australia driven by rising rectal cancers in younger adults over the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Saad El Din
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Loree
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 11th Floor, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- BC Cancer, 600 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Eric C Sayre
- Arthritis Research Canada, 5591 No 3 Rd, Richmond, BC, V6X 2C7, Canada
| | - Sharlene Gill
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 11th Floor, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- BC Cancer, 600 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Carl J Brown
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 11th Floor, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Hallie Dau
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mary A De Vera
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Arthritis Research Canada, 5591 No 3 Rd, Richmond, BC, V6X 2C7, Canada.
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50
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Nakayama Y, Kobayashi H, Kawamura H, Matsunaga R, Todate Y, Takano Y, Takahashi K, Yamauchi S, Sugihara K, Honda M. The long-term outcomes in adolescent and young adult patients with colorectal cancer -A multicenter large-scale cohort study. J Cancer 2020; 11:3180-3185. [PMID: 32231722 PMCID: PMC7097932 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The prognosis of adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and prognosis in AYA patients compared with middle- aged patients. Methods: Participants were identified from a clinical database of the multicenter cohort in Japan. The AYA group was defined as those <40 years of age, whereas the middle-aged group was defined in 10-year ranges around the median age of all patients. The primary outcome was the overall survival (OS), and the secondary outcome was the recurrence-free survival (RFS). Results: A total of 502 patients were enrolled as the AYA group, and 7222 patients between 65 and 74 years of age were identified as the middle-aged group. The OS of colon cancer in stages II and III was significantly better in the AYA group (p = 0.033, 0.006, respectively) than in the middle-aged groups. There were no significant differences in the OS of rectal cancer in stages II and III between the two groups. Conclusion: The prognosis of AYA patients with CRC was the same or better than that in middle-aged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Nakayama
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgical and Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima.,Department of Surgery, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Koriyama
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgical and Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima.,Department of Surgery, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Koriyama
| | - Hidetaka Kawamura
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgical and Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima.,Department of Surgery, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Koriyama
| | - Rie Matsunaga
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgical and Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima.,Department of Surgery, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Koriyama
| | - Yukitoshi Todate
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgical and Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima.,Department of Surgery, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Koriyama
| | - Yoshinao Takano
- Department of Surgery, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Koriyama
| | - Keiichi Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo
| | | | - Kenichi Sugihara
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo
| | - Michitaka Honda
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgical and Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima.,Department of Surgery, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Koriyama
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