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Ünlü İ, Tuncer MC, Özdemir İ. Effect of napabucasin and doxorubicin via the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway in suppressing the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells. Acta Cir Bras 2024; 39:e396624. [PMID: 39356934 DOI: 10.1590/acb396624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Napabucasin (NP) is a natural compound that can suppress cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle by inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene. We examined the effects of NP on the proliferation and invasion of neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). METHODS Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line was used in this study. NP was administered to groups at the doses of 0.3-1 µM. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis assessed the expressions of interleukin (IL)-6 dependent Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway. The MTT cell viability method was applied to determine the antagonistic-synergistic effects and inhibitory concentration (IC50) doses of doxorubicin (DX) and NP. RESULTS It was determined that 0.3-1 µM doses of NP killed the cells almost completely after 48 hours, and also that Jak2/Stat3 expressions decreased dose-dependently via IL-6. At the protein level, NP and DX were found to reduce Jak2 and Stat3 levels. CONCLUSIONS NP showed that it suppresses the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells. Due to its inhibitory effect on Jak2 and Stat3, it can be used to prevent invasion of SH-SY5Y cells. NP, which can inactivate Jak2/Stat3, can be used as a treatment agent by combining with DX in proliferation pathway in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlker Ünlü
- Beykent University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Brain Surgery - Istanbul - Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cudi Tuncer
- Dicle University - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Anatomy - Diyarbakir - Turkey
| | - İlhan Özdemir
- Atatürk University - Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics - Faculty of Medicine - Erzurum - Turkey
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2
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Liu S, Shen M, Le K, Hartono AB, Stoyanova T. Protocol for establishing spontaneous metastasis in mice using a subcutaneous tumor model. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103239. [PMID: 39096496 PMCID: PMC11342759 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recapitulating spontaneous metastasis in preclinical models is crucial for understanding mechanisms underlying cancer progression and testing effective therapeutic interventions. We present a protocol for establishing and characterizing the spontaneous metastasis model in mice. We describe steps for generating primary tumors, tumor resection, monitoring metastatic dissemination, and evaluating metastatic burden using histological and imaging techniques. This protocol provides a valuable tool for studying metastasis in vivo and testing therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing or targeting metastatic diseases. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Liu et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin Liu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michelle Shen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kewei Le
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alifiani B Hartono
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tanya Stoyanova
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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3
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Liu R, Yu Y, Wang Q, Zhao Q, Yao Y, Sun M, Zhuang J, Sun C, Qi Y. Interactions between hedgehog signaling pathway and the complex tumor microenvironment in breast cancer: current knowledge and therapeutic promises. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:432. [PMID: 39252010 PMCID: PMC11382420 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer ranks as one of the most common malignancies among women, with its prognosis and therapeutic efficacy heavily influenced by factors associated with the tumor cell biology, particularly the tumor microenvironment (TME). The diverse elements of the TME are engaged in dynamic bidirectional signaling interactions with various pathways, which together dictate the growth, invasiveness, and metastatic potential of breast cancer. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, first identified in Drosophila, has been established as playing a critical role in human development and disease. Notably, the dysregulation of the Hh pathway is recognized as a major driver in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of breast cancer. Consequently, elucidating the mechanisms by which the Hh pathway interacts with the distinct components of the breast cancer TME is essential for comprehensively evaluating the link between Hh pathway activation and breast cancer risk. This understanding is also imperative for devising novel targeted therapeutic strategies and preventive measures against breast cancer. In this review, we delineate the current understanding of the impact of Hh pathway perturbations on the breast cancer TME, including the intricate and complex network of intersecting signaling cascades. Additionally, we focus on the therapeutic promise and clinical challenges of Hh pathway inhibitors that target the TME, providing insights into their potential clinical utility and the obstacles that must be overcome to harness their full therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Liu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Qingyang Wang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Qianxiang Zhao
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, 261000, China
| | - Mengxuan Sun
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, 261000, China.
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, 261000, China.
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261000, China.
| | - Yuanfu Qi
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China.
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4
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Yu Q, Zhao J, Yang A, Li X. MLLT6/ATF2 Axis Restrains Breast Cancer Progression by Driving DDIT3/4 Expression. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:796-811. [PMID: 38757913 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic deregulation is strongly associated with tumor progression. The identification of natural tumor suppressors to overcome cancer metastasis is urgent for cancer therapy. We investigate whether myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia translocated (MLLT) family members contribute to breast cancer progression and found that high MLLT6 expression predicted a better prognosis and that gradually decreased MLLT6 expression was accompanied by breast cancer malignancy. MLLT6 was downregulated by hypoxia-induced enrichment of DNMT1 at the MLLT6 promoter. The results of in vitro functional experiments indicated that MLLT6 depletion promoted colony formation and cell migration, probably by hampering apoptosis. RNA profiling revealed that the apoptotic pathway was downregulated following stable knockdown of MLLT6. DNA damage-inducible transcript 3/4 (DDIT3/4) were among the top 10 downregulated genes and may have expression patterns similar to that of MLLT6. Restoring DDIT3/4 expression in cells with MLLT6 depletion blocked colony formation and cell migration and attenuated the successful colonization of breast cancer cells in vivo. We also determined that the transcription factor activating transcription factor 2 is a binding partner of MLLT6 and participates in the MLLT6/ATF2 axis, which was reinforced by inhibition of AKT signaling, in turn inducing DDIT3/4 expression by establishing an active chromatin structure at the DDIT3/4 gene promoters. As MLLT6 promotes breast cancer cell apoptosis by inducing DDIT3/4 expression during metastasis, it could be a novel tumor suppressor. Implications: Control of MLLT6 expression via inhibition of PI3K/AKT kinase activity is a potential therapeutic approach for the management of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Anli Yang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangxin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan, China
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5
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Gurav MJ, Manasa J, Sanji AS, Megalamani PH, Chachadi VB. Lectin-glycan interactions: a comprehensive cataloguing of cancer-associated glycans for biorecognition and bio-alteration: a review. Glycoconj J 2024:10.1007/s10719-024-10161-y. [PMID: 39218819 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review meticulously compiles data on an array of lectins and their interactions with different cancer types through specific glycans. Crucially, it establishes the link between aberrant glycosylation and cancer types. This repository of lectin-defined glycan signatures, assumes paramount importance in the realm of cancer and its dynamic nature. Cancer, known for its remarkable heterogeneity and individualized behaviour, can be better understood through these glycan signatures. The current review discusses the important lectins and their carbohydrate specificities, especially recognizing glycans of cancer origin. The review also addresses the key aspects of differentially expressed glycans on normal and cancerous cell surfaces. Specific cancer types highlighted in this review include breast cancer, colon cancer, glioblastoma, cervical cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, and leukaemia. The glycan profiles unveiled through this review hold the key to tailor-made treatment and precise diagnostics. It opens up avenues to explore the potential of targeting glycosyltransferases and glycosidases linked with cancer advancement and metastasis. Armed with knowledge about specific glycan expressions, researchers can design targeted therapies to modulate glycan profiles, potentially hampering the advance of this relentless disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruti J Gurav
- Post Graduate Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - J Manasa
- Post Graduate Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwini S Sanji
- Post Graduate Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasanna H Megalamani
- Post Graduate Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishwanath B Chachadi
- Post Graduate Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.
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6
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Gong XT, Zhuang J, Chong KC, Xu Q, Ling X, Cao L, Wu M, Yang J, Liu B. Far-Red Aggregation-Induced Emission Hydrogel-Reinforced Tissue Clearing for 3D Vasculature Imaging of Whole Lung and Whole Tumor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402853. [PMID: 39003614 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the vascular formation and distribution in metastatic lung tumors is a significant challenge due to autofluorescence, antibody/dye diffusion in dense tumor, and fluorophore stability when exposed to solvent-based clearing agents. Here, an approach is presented that redefines 3D vasculature imaging within metastatic tumor, peritumoral lung tissue, and normal lung. Specifically, a far-red aggregation-induced emission nanoparticle with surface amino groups (termed as TSCN nanoparticle, TSCNNP) is designed for in situ formation of hydrogel (TSCNNP@Gel) inside vasculatures to provide structural support and enhance the fluorescence in solvent-based tissue clearing method. Using this TSCNNP@Gel-reinforced tissue clearing imaging approach, the critical challenges are successfully overcome and comprehensive visualization of the whole pulmonary vasculature up to 2 µm resolution is enabled, including its detailed examination in metastatic tumors. Importantly, features of tumor-associated vasculature in 3D panoramic views are unveiled, providing the potential to determine tumor stages, predict tumor progression, and facilitate the histopathological diagnosis of various tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Gong
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Jiahao Zhuang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Kok Chan Chong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Qun Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xia Ling
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Lei Cao
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Min Wu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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7
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Rahmati S, Moeinafshar A, Rezaei N. The multifaceted role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in colorectal cancer: metastasis, immune suppression, therapy resistance, and autophagy crosstalk. J Transl Med 2024; 22:452. [PMID: 38741166 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer structures released by all cells and widely distributed in all biological fluids. EVs are implicated in diverse physiopathological processes by orchestrating cell-cell communication. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with metastasis being the leading cause of mortality in CRC patients. EVs contribute significantly to the advancement and spread of CRC by transferring their cargo, which includes lipids, proteins, RNAs, and DNAs, to neighboring or distant cells. Besides, they can serve as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for early detection of CRC or be harnessed as effective carriers for delivering therapeutic agents. Autophagy is an essential cellular process that serves to remove damaged proteins and organelles by lysosomal degradation to maintain cellular homeostasis. Autophagy and EV release are coordinately activated in tumor cells and share common factors and regulatory mechanisms. Although the significance of autophagy and EVs in cancer is well established, the exact mechanism of their interplay in tumor development is obscure. This review focuses on examining the specific functions of EVs in various aspects of CRC, including progression, metastasis, immune regulation, and therapy resistance. Further, we overview emerging discoveries relevant to autophagy and EVs crosstalk in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Rahmati
- Student Research Committee, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysan Moeinafshar
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Miranda SEM, de Alcantara Lemos J, Ottoni FM, Cassali GD, Townsend DM, de Aguiar Ferreira C, Alves RJ, Ferreira LAM, de Barros ALB. Preclinical evaluation of L-fucoside from lapachol-loaded nanoemulsion as a strategy to breast cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116054. [PMID: 38150876 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer prevails as the most common cancer in women, underscoring an urgent need for more effective therapies. This study explores the potential of our newly developed nanoemulsion containing a novel fucoside derivative of lapachol (NE-F-LapA) as an intravenous treatment strategy. We sought to overcome the solubility issues associated with fucoside with this improved drug delivery strategy that enhances tumor delivery and mitigates other dose-limiting toxicities. Nanoemulsion was prepared and characterized by DLS, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and storage stability. Cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell lines (4T1 and MDA-MB-231) and non-tumor human fibroblasts (NTHF) were evaluated. In vivo assays included antitumoral activity performance and acute systemic toxicity in mice models. NE-F-LapA was synthesized and optimized to 200 nm size, - 20 mV zeta potential, and near-complete (>98%) drug encapsulation. Stability exceeded 6 months, and biological fluid exposure maintained suitable properties for administration. In vitro, NE-F-LapA showed high toxicity (3 µM) against 4T1 and MDA-MB-231, enhanced five times the breast cancer cell uptake and three times the selectivity when compared to normal cells. Systemic toxicity assessment in mice revealed no concerning hematological or biochemical changes. Finally, in a 4T1 breast tumor model, NE-F-LapA significantly inhibited growth by 50% of the subcutaneous 4T1 tumor and reduced lung metastases 5-fold versus control. Overall, tailored nanoemulsification of the lapachol derivative enabled effective intravenous administration and improved efficacy over the free drug, indicating promise for enhanced breast cancer therapy pending further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sued Eustaquio Mendes Miranda
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Janaina de Alcantara Lemos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Melo Ottoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Carolina de Aguiar Ferreira
- Departments of Radiology, Pharmacology & Toxicology and Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Ricardo Jose Alves
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Antonio Miranda Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Andre Luis Branco de Barros
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
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9
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Guerra A, Betancourt-Mar JA, Llanos-Pérez JA, Mansilla R, Nieto-Villar JM. Metastasis Models: Thermodynamics and Complexity. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2745:45-75. [PMID: 38060179 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3577-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The thermodynamic formalism of nonequilibrium systems together with the theory of complex systems and systems biology offer an appropriate theoretical framework to explain the complexity observed at the macroscopic level in physiological phenomena. In turn, they allow the establishment of an appropriate conceptual and operational framework to address the study of phenomena such as the emergence and evolution of cancer.This chapter is organized as follows: In Subheading 1, an integrated vision of these disciplines is offered for the characterization of the emergence and evolution of cancer, seen as a nonlinear dynamic system, temporally and spatially self-organized out of thermodynamic equilibrium. The development of the various mathematical models and different techniques and approaches used in the characterization of cancer metastasis is presented in Subheading 2. Subheading 3 is devoted to the time course of cancer metastasis, with particular emphasis on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT henceforth) as well as chronotherapeutic treatments. In Subheading 4, models of the spatial evolution of cancer metastasis are presented. Finally, in Subheading 5, some conclusions and remarks are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guerra
- Department of Chemical-Physics, A. Alzola Group of Thermodynamics of Complex Systems M.V. Lomonosov Chair, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - R Mansilla
- Centro Peninsular en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (CEPHCIS), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mérida, Mexico
| | - J M Nieto-Villar
- Department of Chemical-Physics, A. Alzola Group of Thermodynamics of Complex Systems M.V. Lomonosov Chair, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba.
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Lee JXT, Tan WR, Low ZS, Lee JQ, Chua D, Yeo WDC, See B, Vos MIG, Yasuda T, Nomura S, Cheng HS, Tan NS. YWHAG Deficiency Disrupts the EMT-Associated Network to Induce Oxidative Cell Death and Prevent Metastasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301714. [PMID: 37759388 PMCID: PMC10625110 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis involves epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that is regulated by complex gene networks, where their deliberate disruption may yield a promising outcome. However, little is known about mechanisms that coordinate these metastasis-associated networks. To address this gap, hub genes with broad engagement across various human cancers by analyzing the transcriptomes of different cancer cell types undergoing EMT are identified. The oncogenic signaling adaptor protein tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein gamma (YWHAG) is ranked top for its clinical relevance and impact. The cellular kinome and transcriptome data are surveyed to construct the regulome of YWHAG, revealing stress responses and metabolic processes during cancer EMT. It is demonstrated that a YWHAG-dependent cytoprotective mechanism in the regulome is embedded in EMT-associated networks to protect cancer cells from oxidative catastrophe through enhanced autophagy during EMT. YWHAG deficiency results in a rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), delayed EMT, and cell death. Tumor allografts show that metastasis potential and overall survival time are correlated with the YWHAG expression level of cancer cell lines. Metastasized tumors have higher expression of YWHAG and autophagy-related genes than primary tumors. Silencing YWHAG diminishes primary tumor volumes, prevents metastasis, and prolongs the median survival period of the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannie Xue Ting Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineClinical Sciences BuildingNanyang Technological University Singapore11 Mandalay RoadSingapore308232Singapore
| | - Wei Ren Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineClinical Sciences BuildingNanyang Technological University Singapore11 Mandalay RoadSingapore308232Singapore
| | - Zun Siong Low
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineClinical Sciences BuildingNanyang Technological University Singapore11 Mandalay RoadSingapore308232Singapore
| | - Jia Qi Lee
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore60 Nanyang DriveSingapore637551Singapore
| | - Damien Chua
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineClinical Sciences BuildingNanyang Technological University Singapore11 Mandalay RoadSingapore308232Singapore
| | - Wisely Duan Chi Yeo
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore60 Nanyang DriveSingapore637551Singapore
| | - Benedict See
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore60 Nanyang DriveSingapore637551Singapore
| | - Marcus Ivan Gerard Vos
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineClinical Sciences BuildingNanyang Technological University Singapore11 Mandalay RoadSingapore308232Singapore
| | - Tomohiko Yasuda
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo113‐8654Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryNippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh HospitalChiba270‐1694Japan
| | - Sachiyo Nomura
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo113‐8654Japan
| | - Hong Sheng Cheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineClinical Sciences BuildingNanyang Technological University Singapore11 Mandalay RoadSingapore308232Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineClinical Sciences BuildingNanyang Technological University Singapore11 Mandalay RoadSingapore308232Singapore
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore60 Nanyang DriveSingapore637551Singapore
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11
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Wang L, Liang B, Jiang Y, Huang G, Tang A, Liu Z, Wang Y, Zhou R, Yang N, Wu J, Shi M, Bin J, Liao Y, Liao W. Subsite-specific metastatic organotropism and risk in gastric cancer: A population-based cohort study of the US SEER database and a Chinese single-institutional registry. Cancer Med 2023; 12:19595-19606. [PMID: 37740601 PMCID: PMC10587925 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies exploring whether metastatic organotropism and risk in gastric cancer (GC) differ by primary anatomical site are scarce. METHODS This study included 15,260 and 1623 patients diagnosed with GC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry database and the Nanfang Hospital in China, respectively. Patients were stratified according to primary site of GC, and the incidence of metastasis to different organs was used to determine the metastatic organotropism for each GC subsite. Finally, the metastatic organotropism and risk were compared among the different subsite groups. RESULTS Liver metastasis was the most common metastasis site in cardia GC, whereas other-site metastases were more common in the body, antrum, overlapping lesions, and unspecified GCs. Liver and other-site metastases were also frequently observed in the fundus, pylorus, lesser curvature, and greater curvature GCs. Patients with GC with definite primary tumor sites in the SEER and validation Nanfang hospital cohorts were compared by grouping as proximal and distal GCs for further analysis. In the SEER cohort, the top three metastatic sites of proximal GC were liver (21.4%), distant lymph node (LN) (14.6%), and other-site (mainly peritoneum, 11.9%), whereas those of distal GC were other-site (mainly peritoneum, 19.5%), liver (11.8%), and distant LN (9.5%). The incidence of metastasis to the liver, distant LN, lung, and brain was significantly higher in patients with proximal GC than in those with distal GC in both the SEER and Nanfang cohorts (p < 0.05). However, metastasis to other-site/peritoneum was significantly lower in patients with proximal GC compared to those with distal GC in the Nanfang Hospital and SEER cohorts, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Liver and distant LN are the preferred metastatic sites for proximal GC, whereas peritoneal metastasis is more common in distal GC. Proximal GC has a higher risk of lymphatic and hematogenous metastases, and a lower risk of transcoelomic metastasis than distal GC. Our findings highlight the need to stratify GC by its primary subsite to aid in planning and decision-making related to metastatic management in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor PathologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Boxuan Liang
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityDongguanChina
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Genjie Huang
- Department of OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor PathologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Aiwei Tang
- Department of OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor PathologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Department of OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor PathologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Nanyan Yang
- Department of OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor PathologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Min Shi
- Department of OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor PathologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of CardiologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of CardiologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor PathologyGuangzhouChina
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Jin J, Cong J, Lei S, Zhang Q, Zhong X, Su Y, Lu M, Ma Y, Li Z, Wang L, Zhu N, Yang J. Cracking the code: Deciphering the role of the tumor microenvironment in osteosarcoma metastasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110422. [PMID: 37302370 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. It is characterized by a rapid progression, poor prognosis, and early pulmonary metastasis. Over the past 30 years, approximately 85% of patients with osteosarcoma have experienced metastasis. The five-year survival of patients with lung metastasis during the early stages of treatment is less than 20%. The tumor microenvironment (TME) not only provides conditions for tumor cell growth but also releases a variety of substances that can promote the metastasis of tumor cells to other tissues and organs. Currently, there is limited research on the role of the TME in osteosarcoma metastasis. Therefore, to explore methods for regulating osteosarcoma metastasis, further investigations must be conducted from the perspective of the TME. This will help to identify new potential biomarkers for predicting osteosarcoma metastasis and assist in the discovery of new drugs that target regulatory mechanisms for clinical diagnosis and treatment. This paper reviews the research progress on the mechanism of osteosarcoma metastasis based on TME theory, which will provide guidance for the clinical treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, Guilin 541001, China; Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Jiacheng Cong
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Shangbo Lei
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Qiujin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Xinyi Zhong
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Mingchuan Lu
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Yifen Ma
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Zihe Li
- Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Ningxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China.
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, Guilin 541001, China; Department of Immunology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China.
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13
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Duarte C, Hu J, Beuselinck B, Panian J, Weise N, Dizman N, Collier KA, Rathi N, Li H, Elias R, Martinez-Chanza N, Rose TL, Harshman LC, Gopalakrishnan D, Vaishampayan U, Zakharia Y, Narayan V, Carneiro BA, Mega A, Singla N, Meguid C, George S, Brugarolas J, Agarwal N, Mortazavi A, Pal S, McKay RR, Lam ET. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the pancreas and other sites-a multicenter retrospective study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 60:102018. [PMID: 37304495 PMCID: PMC10248040 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is a heterogenous disease with poor 5-year overall survival (OS) at 14%. Patients with mRCC to endocrine organs historically have prolonged OS. Pancreatic metastases are uncommon overall, with mRCC being the most common etiology of pancreatic metastases. In this study, we report the long-term outcomes of patients with mRCC to the pancreas in two separate cohorts. Methods We performed a multicenter, international retrospective cohort study of patients with mRCC to the pancreas at 15 academic centers. Cohort 1 included 91 patients with oligometastatic disease to the pancreas. Cohort 2 included 229 patients with multiples organ sites of metastases including the pancreas. The primary endpoint for Cohorts 1 and 2 was median OS from time of metastatic disease in the pancreas until death or last follow up. Findings In Cohort 1, the median OS (mOS) was 121 months with a median follow up time of 42 months. Patients who underwent surgical resection of oligometastatic disease had mOS of 100 months with a median follow-up time of 52.5 months. The mOS for patients treated with systemic therapy was not reached. In Cohort 2, the mOS was 90.77 months. Patients treated with first-line (1L) VEGFR therapy had mOS of 90.77 months; patients treated with IL immunotherapy (IO) had mOS of 92 months; patients on 1L combination VEGFR/IO had mOS of 74.9 months. Interpretations This is the largest retrospective cohort of mRCC involving the pancreas. We confirmed the previously reported long-term outcomes in patients with oligometastatic pancreas disease and demonstrated prolonged survival in patients with multiple RCC metastases that included the pancreas. In this retrospective study with heterogeneous population treated over 2 decades, mOS was similar when stratified by first-line therapy. Future research will be needed to determine whether mRCC patients with pancreatic metastases require a different initial treatment strategy. Funding Statistical analyses for this study were supported in part by the University of Colorado Cancer Center Support Grant from the NIH/NCI, P30CA046934-30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Duarte
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Ct. MS F704, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Junxiao Hu
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Ct. MS F704, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Benoit Beuselinck
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Justine Panian
- Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Weise
- Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Nityam Rathi
- The University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Haoran Li
- The University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Roy Elias
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Tracy L. Rose
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren C. Harshman
- Prior Institution: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Current Institution: Surface Oncology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Ulka Vaishampayan
- Prior Institution: Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI, USA
- Current Institution: Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yousef Zakharia
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center at University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Vivek Narayan
- Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benedito A. Carneiro
- Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anthony Mega
- Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nirmish Singla
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cheryl Meguid
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Ct. MS F704, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Saby George
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - James Brugarolas
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- The University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amir Mortazavi
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Rana R. McKay
- Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elaine T. Lam
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Ct. MS F704, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Feldheim J, Kessler AF, Feldheim JJ, Schmitt D, Oster C, Lazaridis L, Glas M, Ernestus RI, Monoranu CM, Löhr M, Hagemann C. BRMS1 in Gliomas-An Expression Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112907. [PMID: 37296870 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The metastatic suppressor BRMS1 interacts with critical steps of the metastatic cascade in many cancer entities. As gliomas rarely metastasize, BRMS1 has mainly been neglected in glioma research. However, its interaction partners, such as NFκB, VEGF, or MMPs, are old acquaintances in neurooncology. The steps regulated by BRMS1, such as invasion, migration, and apoptosis, are commonly dysregulated in gliomas. Therefore, BRMS1 shows potential as a regulator of glioma behavior. By bioinformatic analysis, in addition to our cohort of 118 specimens, we determined BRMS1 mRNA and protein expression as well as its correlation with the clinical course in astrocytomas IDH mutant, CNS WHO grade 2/3, and glioblastoma IDH wild-type, CNS WHO grade 4. Interestingly, we found BRMS1 protein expression to be significantly decreased in the aforementioned gliomas, while BRMS1 mRNA appeared to be overexpressed throughout. This dysregulation was independent of patients' characteristics or survival. The protein and mRNA expression differences cannot be finally explained at this stage. However, they suggest a post-transcriptional dysregulation that has been previously described in other cancer entities. Our analyses present the first data on BRMS1 expression in gliomas that can provide a starting point for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Feldheim
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45131 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45131 Essen, Germany
| | - Almuth F Kessler
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia J Feldheim
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45131 Essen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schmitt
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Oster
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45131 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45131 Essen, Germany
| | - Lazaros Lazaridis
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45131 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45131 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Glas
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45131 Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45131 Essen, Germany
| | - Ralf-Ingo Ernestus
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Camelia M Monoranu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mario Löhr
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hagemann
- Section Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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15
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Kita K, Asanuma K, Okamoto T, Kawamoto E, Nakamura K, Hagi T, Nakamura T, Shimaoka M, Sudo A. A Novel Approach to Reducing Lung Metastasis in Osteosarcoma: Increasing Cell Stiffness with Carbenoxolone. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4375-4388. [PMID: 37232747 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Primary malignant bone tumor osteosarcoma can metastasize to the lung. Diminishing lung metastasis would positively affect the prognosis of patients. Our previous studies demonstrated that highly metastatic osteosarcoma cell lines are significantly softer than low-metastasis cell lines. We therefore hypothesized that increasing cell stiffness would suppress metastasis by reducing cell motility. In this study, we tested whether carbenoxolone (CBX) increases the stiffness of LM8 osteosarcoma cells and prevents lung metastasis in vivo. METHODS We evaluated the actin cytoskeletal structure and polymerization of CBX-treated LM8 cells using actin staining. Cell stiffness was measured using atomic force microscopy. Metastasis-related cell functions were analyzed using cell proliferation, wound healing, invasion, and cell adhesion assays. Furthermore, lung metastasis was examined in LM8-bearing mice administered with CBX. RESULTS Treatment with CBX significantly increased actin staining intensity and stiffness of LM8 cells compared with vehicle-treated LM8 cells (p < 0.01). In Young's modulus images, compared with the control group, rigid fibrillate structures were observed in the CBX treatment group. CBX suppressed cell migration, invasion, and adhesion but not cell proliferation. The number of LM8 lung metastases were significantly reduced in the CBX administration group compared with the control group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrated that CBX increases tumor cell stiffness and significantly reduces lung metastasis. Our study is the first to provide evidence that reducing cell motility by increasing cell stiffness might be effective as a novel anti-metastasis approach in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Kita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Asanuma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi 693-8501, Shimane, Japan
| | - Eiji Kawamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Motomu Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sudo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan
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16
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Kyaw KZ, Park J, Oh SH, Lee JY, Bae ES, Park HJ, Oh DC, Lee SK. Antimetastatic Activity of Apoptolidin A by Upregulation of N-Myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 1 Expression in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040491. [PMID: 37111248 PMCID: PMC10146635 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent tumors with high metastatic potential; consequently, finding new drug candidates that suppress tumor metastasis is essential. Apoptolidin A is a macrocyclic lactone produced by Amycolatopsis sp. DW02G. It exhibits significant cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines, but its effects on CRC cells remain unknown. Therefore, the present study investigated the antiproliferative and antimetastatic activities of apoptolidin A and its underlying molecular mechanisms in CRC cells. Apoptolidin A effectively inhibited CRC cell growth and colony formation. The induction of G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest was associated with the downregulation of cyclin D1 and CDK4/6 expression. Long-term exposure to apoptolidin A also induced apoptosis as confirmed by the downregulation and upregulation of Bcl-2 and Bax expression, respectively. Moreover, apoptolidin A effectively upregulated the suppressed expression of N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), a tumor suppressor gene, in a concentration-dependent manner in CRC cells. The antimetastatic potential of apoptolidin A was also correlated with the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers, including the upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin, vimentin, snail, and MMP9 in CRC cells. These findings suggest that apoptolidin A exerts antiproliferative and antimetastatic activities by regulating the NDRG1-activated EMT pathway in CRC cells.
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17
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Sun F, Hou H, Li Y, Tang W, Wang J, Lu L, Fu J, Liu Z, Gao D, Zhao F, Gao X, Ling P, Wang F, Tan H. Glycol-Split Heparin-Linked Prodrug Nanoparticles Target the Mitochondrion Apparatus for Cancer Metastasis Treatment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2206491. [PMID: 36965026 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The progression and metastasis of solid tumors rely strongly on neovascularization. However, angiogenesis inhibitors alone cannot meet the needs of tumor therapy. This study prepared a new drug conjugate (PTX-GSHP-CYS-ES2, PGCE) by combining polysaccharides (heparin without anticoagulant activity, GSHP), chemotherapeutic drugs (paclitaxel, PTX), and antiangiogenic drugs (ES2). Furthermore, a tumor-targeted prodrug nanoparticle delivery system is established. The nanoparticles appear to accumulate in the mitochondrial of tumor cells and achieve ES2 and PTX release under high glutathione and acidic environment. It has been confirmed that PGCE inhibited the expression of multiple metastasis-related proteins by targeting the tumor cell mitochondrial apparatus and disrupting their structure. Furthermore, PGCE nanoparticles inhibit migration, invasion, and angiogenesis in B16F10 tumor-bearing mice and suppress tumor growth and metastasis in vitro. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments show that PGCE has strong antitumor growth and metastatic effects and exhibits efficient anti-angiogenesis properties. This multi-targeted nanoparticle system potentially enhances the antitumor and anti-metastatic effects of combination chemotherapy and antiangiogenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sun
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Huiwen Hou
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wen Tang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lu Lu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jiaai Fu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zengmei Liu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Didi Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Feiyan Zhao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xinqing Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Haining Tan
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- School of Pharmaceutical sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
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18
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Fairhurst C, Martin F, Watt I, Bland M, Doran T, Brackenbury WJ. Sodium channel-inhibiting drugs and cancer-specific survival: a population-based study of electronic primary care data. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e064376. [PMID: 36737094 PMCID: PMC9900071 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antiepileptic and antiarrhythmic drugs inhibit voltage-gated sodium (Na+) channels (VGSCs), and preclinical studies show that these medications reduce tumour growth, invasion and metastasis. We investigated the association between VGSC inhibitor use and survival in patients with breast, bowel and prostate cancer. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Individual electronic primary healthcare records extracted from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. PARTICIPANTS Records for 132 996 patients with a diagnosis of breast, bowel or prostate cancer. OUTCOME MEASURES Adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyse cancer-specific survival associated with exposure to VGSC inhibitors. Exposure to non-VGSC-inhibiting antiepileptic medication and other non-VGSC blockers were also considered. Drug exposure was treated as a time-varying covariate to account for immortal time bias. RESULTS During 1 002 225 person-years of follow-up, there were 42 037 cancer-specific deaths. 53 724 (40.4%) patients with cancer had at least one prescription for a VGSC inhibitor of interest. Increased risk of cancer-specific mortality was associated with exposure to this group of drugs (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.56 to 1.63, p<0.001). This applied to VGSC-inhibiting tricyclic antidepressants (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.50 to 1.65, p<0.001), local anaesthetics (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.43 to 1.55, p<0.001) and anticonvulsants (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.48, p<0.001) and persisted in sensitivity analyses. In contrast, exposure to VGSC-inhibiting class 1c and 1d antiarrhythmics was associated with significantly improved cancer-specific survival (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.88, p<0.001 and HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.88, p=0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Association between VGSC inhibitor use and mortality in patients with cancer varies according to indication. Exposure to VGSC-inhibiting antiarrhythmics, but not anticonvulsants, supports findings from preclinical data, with improved survival. However, additional confounding factors may underlie these associations, highlighting the need for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiola Martin
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian Watt
- Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Tim Doran
- Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
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19
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Lai HC, Lin HJ, Jeng LB, Huang ST. Roles of conventional and complementary therapies in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:19-35. [PMID: 36684056 PMCID: PMC9850766 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common type of cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. HCC has a reported recurrence rate of 70%-80% after 5 years of follow-up. Controlling tumor recurrence is the most critical factor associated with HCC mortality. Conventional salvage therapies for recurrent HCC include re-hepatectomy or liver transplantation, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, Y-90, target therapy, and immunotherapy; however, these conventional treatment modalities have yet to achieve consistently favorable outcomes. Meanwhile, previous studies have demonstrated that conventional therapies in combination with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), acupuncture, moxibustion or dietary supplements could notably benefit patients with HCC recurrence by strengthening and augmenting the overall management strategy. However, systemic reviews related to the interactions between complementary therapies and conventional therapy in recurrent HCC are limited. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of complementary therapies for recurrent HCC, which include augmenting the local control to improve the congestion status of primary tumors and reducing multicentric tumor occurrence via inducing autophagy, apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. TCM and its derivatives may play important roles in helping to control HCC recurrence by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion, and metastasis, inhibiting cancer stem cells, and ameliorating drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chun Lai
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Teng Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709204, Taiwan
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20
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Zhou X, Liu Q, Wang X, Yao X, Zhang B, Wu J, Sun C. Exosomal ncRNAs facilitate interactive 'dialogue' between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Cancer Lett 2023; 552:215975. [PMID: 36306940 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As a biological carrier, exosomes participate in the communication between various kinds of cells, and can mediate the interactive 'dialogue' between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs are the most abundant cell population in the tumor stroma and are an important part of the tumor immune microenvironment. Various stimulating factors in the tumor microenvironment influence the polarization of TAMs into multiple phenotypes, such as M1 and M2. It plays a dual role in tumor immunity by both promoting and inhibiting tumor growth. Exosome-encapsulated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in the interactive 'dialogue' between exosome-mediated TAMs and tumor cells. Tumor-derived exosomal ncRNAs can promote macrophage polarization, whereas exosomal ncRNAs derived from TAMs can affect tumor proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemotherapy resistance. The present review summarizes the dual effects of exosomal ncRNAs on tumor cells and TAMs, and discusses the application of exosomal ncRNAs as a potential diagnostic or prognostic marker and drug delivery system, to provide a new perspective and potential therapeutic drugs on targeting exosomes and macrophages in the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Baogang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jibiao Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China; College of Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
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21
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Raza A, Rossi GR, Janjua TI, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Popat A. Nanobiomaterials to modulate natural killer cell responses for effective cancer immunotherapy. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:77-92. [PMID: 35840426 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have emerged as a major target for cancer immunotherapies, particularly as cellular therapy modalities because they have relatively less toxicity than T lymphocytes. However, NK cell-based therapy suffers from many challenges, including problems with its activation, resistance to genetic engineering, and large-scale expansion needed for therapeutic purposes. Recently, nanobiomaterials have emerged as a promising solution to control the challenges associated with NK cells. This focused review summarises the recent advances in the field and highlights current and future perspectives of using nanobiomaterials to maximise anticancer responses of NK cells for safe and effective immunotherapy. Finally, we provide our opinion on the role of smart materials in activating NK cells as a potential cellular therapy of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aun Raza
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Rossi
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Taskeen Iqbal Janjua
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | | | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
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22
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The cross talk between cancer cells and their microenvironments. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 633:59-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Christenson JL, Williams MM, Richer JK. The underappreciated role of resident epithelial cell populations in metastatic progression: contributions of the lung alveolar epithelium. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1777-C1790. [PMID: 36252127 PMCID: PMC9744653 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00181.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer is difficult to treat and is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths. After cancer cells initiate metastasis and successfully seed a distant site, resident cells in the tissue play a key role in determining how metastatic progression develops. The lung is the second most frequent site of metastatic spread, and the primary site of metastasis within the lung is alveoli. The most abundant cell type in the alveolar niche is the epithelium. This review will examine the potential contributions of the alveolar epithelium to metastatic progression. It will also provide insight into other ways in which alveolar epithelial cells, acting as immune sentinels within the lung, may influence metastatic progression through their various interactions with cells in the surrounding microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Christenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michelle M Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennifer K Richer
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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24
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Castaneda M, den Hollander P, Kuburich NA, Rosen JM, Mani SA. Mechanisms of cancer metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:17-31. [PMID: 36354098 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer is almost always terminal, and more than 90% of cancer deaths result from metastatic disease. Combating cancer metastasis and post-therapeutic recurrence successfully requires understanding each step of metastatic progression. This review describes the current state of knowledge of the etiology and mechanism of cancer progression from primary tumor growth to the formation of new tumors in other parts of the body. Open questions, avenues for future research, and therapeutic approaches with the potential to prevent or inhibit metastasis through personalization to each patient's mutation and/or immune profile are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Castaneda
- Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Petra den Hollander
- Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Legoretta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 021912, USA
| | - Nick A Kuburich
- Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Legoretta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 021912, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Rosen
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Legoretta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 021912, USA.
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25
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Adnani L, Spinelli C, Tawil N, Rak J. Role of extracellular vesicles in cancer-specific interactions between tumour cells and the vasculature. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:196-213. [PMID: 36371024 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression impacts and exploits the vascular system in several highly consequential ways. Among different types of vascular cells, blood cells and mediators that are engaged in these processes, endothelial cells are at the centre of the underlying circuitry, as crucial constituents of angiogenesis, angiocrine stimulation, non-angiogenic vascular growth, interactions with the coagulation system and other responses. Tumour-vascular interactions involve soluble factors, extracellular matrix molecules, cell-cell contacts, as well as extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying assemblies of molecular effectors. Oncogenic mutations and transforming changes in the cancer cell genome, epigenome and signalling circuitry exert important and often cancer-specific influences upon pathways of tumour-vascular interactions, including the biogenesis, content, and biological activity of EVs and responses of cancer cells to them. Notably, EVs may carry and transfer bioactive, oncogenic macromolecules (oncoproteins, RNA, DNA) between tumour and vascular cells and thereby elicit unique functional changes and forms of vascular growth and remodeling. Cancer EVs influence the state of the vasculature both locally and systemically, as exemplified by cancer-associated thrombosis. EV-mediated communication pathways represent attractive targets for therapies aiming at modulation of the tumour-vascular interface (beyond angiogenesis) and could also be exploited for diagnostic purposes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Adnani
- McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Canada
| | - Cristiana Spinelli
- McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Canada
| | - Nadim Tawil
- McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Canada
| | - Janusz Rak
- McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Canada; Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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26
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Wang X, Liu Q, Fu Y, Ding RB, Qi X, Zhou X, Sun Z, Bao J. Magnolol as a Potential Anticancer Agent: A Proposed Mechanistic Insight. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196441. [PMID: 36234977 PMCID: PMC9570903 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a serious disease with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Natural products have served as a major source for developing new anticancer drugs during recent decades. Magnolol, a representative natural phenolic lignan isolated from Magnolia officinali, has attracted considerable attention for its anticancer properties in recent years. Accumulating preclinical studies have demonstrated the tremendous therapeutic potential of magnolol via a wide range of pharmacological mechanisms against cancer. In this review, we summarized the latest advances in preclinical studies investigating anticancer properties of magnolol and described the important signaling pathways explaining its underlying mechanisms. Magnolol was capable of inhibiting cancer growth and metastasis against various cancer types. Magnolol exerted anticancer effects through inhibiting proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest, provoking apoptosis, restraining migration and invasion, and suppressing angiogenesis. Multiple signaling pathways were also involved in the pharmacological actions of magnolol against cancer, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, MAPK signaling and NF-κB signaling. Based on this existing evidence summarized in the review, we have conclusively confirmed magnolol had a multi-target anticancer effect against heterogeneous cancer disease. It is promising to develop magnolol as a drug candidate for cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuanfeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ren-Bo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Xingzhu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xuejun Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Zhihua Sun
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, Key Laboratory of Control and Prevention of Animal Disease of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Jiaolin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
- Correspondence: (Z.S.); (J.B.)
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27
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Xiong K, Qi M, Stoeger T, Zhang J, Chen S. The role of tumor-associated macrophages and soluble mediators in pulmonary metastatic melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000927. [PMID: 36131942 PMCID: PMC9483911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive skin tumor, which is also a major cause of skin cancer-related mortality. It can spread from a relatively small primary tumor and metastasize to multiple locations, including lymph nodes, lungs, liver, bone, and brain. What’s more metastatic melanoma is the main cause of its high mortality. Among all organs, the lung is one of the most common distant metastatic sites of melanoma, and the mortality rate of melanoma lung metastasis is also very high. Elucidating the mechanisms involved in the pulmonary metastasis of cutaneous melanoma will not only help to provide possible explanations for its etiology and progression but may also help to provide potential new therapeutic targets for its treatment. Increasing evidence suggests that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important regulatory role in the migration and metastasis of various malignant tumors. Tumor-targeted therapy, targeting tumor-associated macrophages is thus attracting attention, particularly for advanced tumors and metastatic tumors. However, the relevant role of tumor-associated macrophages in cutaneous melanoma lung metastasis is still unclear. This review will present an overview of the origin, classification, polarization, recruitment, regulation and targeting treatment of tumor-associated macrophages, as well as the soluble mediators involved in these processes and a summary of their possible role in lung metastasis from cutaneous malignant melanoma. This review particularly aims to provide insight into mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets to readers, interested in pulmonary metastasis melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifen Xiong
- The Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Qi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- Candidate Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Skin Diseases, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jianglin Zhang, ; Shanze Chen,
| | - Shanze Chen
- The Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jianglin Zhang, ; Shanze Chen,
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28
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Walter Y, Hubbard A, Benoit A, Jank E, Salas O, Jordan D, Ekpenyong A. Development of In Vitro Assays for Advancing Radioimmunotherapy against Brain Tumors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081796. [PMID: 35892697 PMCID: PMC9394411 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor. Due to high resistance to treatment, local invasion, and a high risk of recurrence, GBM patient prognoses are often dismal, with median survival around 15 months. The current standard of care is threefold: surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). However, patient survival has only marginally improved. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a fourth modality under clinical trials and aims at combining immunotherapeutic agents with radiotherapy. Here, we develop in vitro assays for the rapid evaluation of RIT strategies. Using a standard cell irradiator and an Electric Cell Impedance Sensor, we quantify cell migration following the combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy with TMZ and RIT with durvalumab, a PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor. We measure cell survival using a cloud-based clonogenic assay. Irradiated T98G and U87 GBM cells migrate significantly (p < 0.05) more than untreated cells in the first 20−40 h post-treatment. Addition of TMZ increases migration rates for T98G at 20 Gy (p < 0.01). Neither TMZ nor durvalumab significantly change cell survival in 21 days post-treatment. Interestingly, durvalumab abolishes the enhanced migration effect, indicating possible potency against local invasion. These results provide parameters for the rapid supplementary evaluation of RIT against brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Walter
- Department of Physics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (Y.W.); (A.H.); (A.B.); (E.J.); (O.S.)
| | - Anne Hubbard
- Department of Physics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (Y.W.); (A.H.); (A.B.); (E.J.); (O.S.)
| | - Allie Benoit
- Department of Physics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (Y.W.); (A.H.); (A.B.); (E.J.); (O.S.)
| | - Erika Jank
- Department of Physics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (Y.W.); (A.H.); (A.B.); (E.J.); (O.S.)
| | - Olivia Salas
- Department of Physics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (Y.W.); (A.H.); (A.B.); (E.J.); (O.S.)
| | - Destiny Jordan
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA;
| | - Andrew Ekpenyong
- Department of Physics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (Y.W.); (A.H.); (A.B.); (E.J.); (O.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-280-2208
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29
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The cell-line-derived subcutaneous tumor model in preclinical cancer research. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:2108-2128. [PMID: 35859135 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-bearing experimental animals are essential for preclinical cancer drug development. A broad range of tumor models is available, with the simplest and most widely used involving a tumor of mouse or human origin growing beneath the skin of a mouse: the subcutaneous tumor model. Here, we outline the different types of in vivo tumor model, including some of their advantages and disadvantages and how they fit into the drug-development process. We then describe in more detail the subcutaneous tumor model and key steps needed to establish it in the laboratory, namely: choosing the mouse strain and tumor cells; cell culture, preparation and injection of tumor cells; determining tumor volume; mouse welfare; and an appropriate experimental end point. The protocol leads to subcutaneous tumor growth usually within 1-3 weeks of cell injection and is suitable for those with experience in tissue culture and mouse experimentation.
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30
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Zhi X, Kuang X, Li J. The Impact of Perioperative Events on Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis in Patients after Radical Gastrectomy: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143496. [PMID: 35884557 PMCID: PMC9319233 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Radical gastrectomy is a mainstay therapy for patients with locally resectable gastric cancer (GC). GC patients who are candidates for radical gastrectomy will experience at least part of the following perioperative events: surgery, anesthesia, pain, intraoperative blood loss, allogeneic blood transfusion, postoperative complications, and their related anxiety, depression and stress response. Considerable clinical studies have shown that these perioperative events can promote recurrence and decrease the long-term survival of GC patients. The mechanisms include activation of neural signaling and the inflammatory response, suppression of antimetastatic immunity, increased release of cancer cells into circulation, and delayed adjuvant therapy, which are involved in every step of the invasion-metastasis cascade. Having appreciated these perioperative events and their influence on the risk of GC recurrence, we can now use this knowledge to find strategies that might substantially prevent the deleterious recurrence-promoting effects of perioperative events, potentially increasing cancer-free survival in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621000, China;
| | - Xiaohong Kuang
- Department of Hematology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang 621000, China;
| | - Jian Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang 621000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+86-0816-2271901
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De Silva F, Alcorn J. A Tale of Two Cancers: A Current Concise Overview of Breast and Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2954. [PMID: 35740617 PMCID: PMC9220807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global issue, and it is expected to have a major impact on our continuing global health crisis. As populations age, we see an increased incidence in cancer rates, but considerable variation is observed in survival rates across different geographical regions and cancer types. Both breast and prostate cancer are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although cancer statistics indicate improvements in some areas of breast and prostate cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, such statistics clearly convey the need for improvements in our understanding of the disease, risk factors, and interventions to improve life span and quality of life for all patients, and hopefully to effect a cure for people living in developed and developing countries. This concise review compiles the current information on statistics, pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments associated with breast and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklyn De Silva
- Drug Discovery & Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 104 Clinic Place, Health Sciences Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Jane Alcorn
- Drug Discovery & Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, 104 Clinic Place, Health Sciences Building, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
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Poornima K, Francis AP, Hoda M, Eladl MA, Subramanian S, Veeraraghavan VP, El-Sherbiny M, Asseri SM, Hussamuldin ABA, Surapaneni KM, Mony U, Rajagopalan R. Implications of Three-Dimensional Cell Culture in Cancer Therapeutic Research. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891673. [PMID: 35646714 PMCID: PMC9133474 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Replicating the naturalistic biomechanical milieu of cells is a primary requisite to uncover the fundamental life processes. The native milieu is significantly not replicated in the two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Alternatively, the current three-dimensional (3D) culture techniques can replicate the properties of extracellular matrix (ECM), though the recreation of the original microenvironment is challenging. The organization of cells in a 3D manner contributes to better insight about the tumorigenesis mechanism of the in vitro cancer models. Gene expression studies are susceptible to alterations in their microenvironment. Physiological interactions among neighboring cells also contribute to gene expression, which is highly replicable with minor modifications in 3D cultures. 3D cell culture provides a useful platform for identifying the biological characteristics of tumor cells, particularly in the drug sensitivity area of translational medicine. It promises to be a bridge between traditional 2D culture and animal experiments and is of great importance for further research in tumor biology. The new imaging technology and the implementation of standard protocols can address the barriers interfering with the live cell observation in a natural 3D physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolluri Poornima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Arul Prakash Francis
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Muddasarul Hoda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Aliah University, Kolkata, India
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Srividya Subramanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Mohamed Asseri
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Krishna Mohan Surapaneni
- Departments of Biochemistry, Molecular Virology, Research, Clinical Skills, and Simulation, Panimalar Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Ullas Mony
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Rukkumani Rajagopalan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
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Identification of Potential WSB1 Inhibitors by AlphaFold Modeling, Virtual Screening, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4629392. [PMID: 35600960 PMCID: PMC9122669 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4629392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
WD40 repeat and SOCS box containing 1 (WSB1) consists of seven WD40 repeat structural domains at the N-terminal end and one SOCS box structural domain at the C-terminal end. WSB1 promotes cancer progression by affecting the Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) and upregulating hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) target gene expression. However, the crystal structure of WSB1 has not been reported, which is not beneficial to the research on WSB1 inhibitors. Therefore, we focused on specific small molecule inhibitors of WSB1. This study applied virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations; finally, 20 compounds were obtained. Among them, compound G490-0341 showed the best stable structure and was a promising composite for further development of WSB1 inhibitors.
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Sun H, Dong Z, Zhang Q, Liu B, Yan S, Wang Y, Yin D, Wang Y, Ren P, Wu N, Chang L. Companion-Probe & Race platform for interrogating nuclear protein and migration of living cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 210:114281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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The Long Non-Coding RNA SNHG12 as a Mediator of Carboplatin Resistance in Ovarian Cancer via Epigenetic Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071664. [PMID: 35406435 PMCID: PMC8996842 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epithelial ovarian cancer is a lethal malignancy in which recurrence and therapy resistance are the major causes of death. We investigated the transcriptome and DNA methylation profile of ovarian cancer cell lines sensitive and resistant to carboplatin, aiming to identify genes associated with therapy resistance. We focused on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), known as epigenetic regulators of several cellular and biological processes. We found 11 lncRNAs associated with carboplatin resistance, including SNHG12 (small nucleolar RNA host gene 12), also confirmed in an external dataset (The Cancer Genome Atlas). SNHG12 gene silencing increased the sensitivity to carboplatin, giving evidence that this lncRNA contributes to resistance to carboplatin in ovarian cancer cell lines. We also demonstrated that SNHG12 could control the expression of nearby genes probably by altering epigenetic markers and modifying the transcript levels. Abstract Genetic and epigenetic changes contribute to intratumor heterogeneity and chemotherapy resistance in several tumor types. LncRNAs have been implicated, directly or indirectly, in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. We investigated lncRNAs that potentially mediate carboplatin-resistance of cell subpopulations, influencing the progression of ovarian cancer (OC). Four carboplatin-sensitive OC cell lines (IGROV1, OVCAR3, OVCAR4, and OVCAR5), their derivative resistant cells, and two inherently carboplatin-resistant cell lines (OVCAR8 and Ovc316) were subjected to RNA sequencing and global DNA methylation analysis. Integrative and cross-validation analyses were performed using external (The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA dataset, n = 111 OC samples) and internal datasets (n = 39 OC samples) to identify lncRNA candidates. A total of 4255 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 14529 differentially methylated CpG positions (DMPs) were identified comparing sensitive and resistant OC cell lines. The comparison of DEGs between OC cell lines and TCGA-OC dataset revealed 570 genes, including 50 lncRNAs, associated with carboplatin resistance. Eleven lncRNAs showed DMPs, including the SNHG12. Knockdown of SNHG12 in Ovc316 and OVCAR8 cells increased their sensitivity to carboplatin. The results suggest that the lncRNA SNHG12 contributes to carboplatin resistance in OC and is a potential therapeutic target. We demonstrated that SNHG12 is functionally related to epigenetic mechanisms.
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Bai S, Wang Z, Wang M, Li J, Wei Y, Xu R, Du J. Tumor-Derived Exosomes Modulate Primary Site Tumor Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:752818. [PMID: 35309949 PMCID: PMC8924426 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.752818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) are actively produced and released by tumor cells and carry messages from tumor cells to healthy cells or abnormal cells, and they participate in tumor metastasis. In this review, we explore the underlying mechanism of action of TDEs in tumor metastasis. TDEs transport tumor-derived proteins and non-coding RNA to tumor cells and promote migration. Transport to normal cells, such as vascular endothelial cells and immune cells, promotes angiogenesis, inhibits immune cell activation, and improves chances of tumor implantation. Thus, TDEs contribute to tumor metastasis. We summarize the function of TDEs and their components in tumor metastasis and illuminate shortcomings for advancing research on TDEs in tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Bai
- Longgang District People´s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zunyun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Longgang District People´s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junai Li
- Longgang District People´s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Longgang District People´s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruihuan Xu
- Longgang District People´s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Du
- Longgang District People´s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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Zhang X, Wang X, Li W, Dang C, Diao D. Effectiveness of managing suspected metastasis using plasma D-dimer testing in gastric cancer patients. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:1169-1178. [PMID: 35411224 PMCID: PMC8984896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is closely related to the coagulation system. Tumor metastasis and hypercoagulability promote each other through multiple mechanisms. However, whether coagulation indicators can reflect tumor metastasis remains to be explored. Clinical characteristics of a total of 3447 patients from three tertiary referral centers were collected. Then the diagnostic efficacy of FDP, D-dimer and GC tumor markers [Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and Carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4)] for GC metastases was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses. Then we conducted a joint ROC curve analysis. The effects of coagulation parameters and tumor markers on gastric cancer metastasis were assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis. 2049 patients were diagnosed with primary GC, 1398 patients with metastatic GC. Based on comparison of AUC, FDP (cutoff, 1.915) had significantly higher diagnostic efficacy than fibrinogen (P<0.001), CEA (P<0.001), CA199 (P<0.001) and CA724 (P<0.001). No significant difference was observed between D-dimer (cutoff, 0.905) and FDP (P=0.158). The AUC of tumor markers combined with coagulation indexes was higher than that without combination (P<0.001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, age, smoking, D-dimer, FDP, CEA, CA19-9, CA72-4 were found to be significantly associated with GC metastasis (all P<0.001, except for smoking P=0.004). We conclude that plasma FDP and D-dimer may be novel clinical biomarkers for screening metastases of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenxing Li
- Department of Oncology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengxue Dang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongmei Diao
- Department of Oncology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
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Habanjar O, Diab-Assaf M, Caldefie-Chezet F, Delort L. The Impact of Obesity, Adipose Tissue, and Tumor Microenvironment on Macrophage Polarization and Metastasis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:339. [PMID: 35205204 PMCID: PMC8869089 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a major cause of death in cancer patients. It involves not only the intrinsic alterations within tumor cells, but also crosstalk between these cells and components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumorigenesis is a complex and dynamic process, involving the following three main stages: initiation, progression, and metastasis. The transition between these stages depends on the changes within the extracellular matrix (ECM), in which tumor and stromal cells reside. This matrix, under the effect of growth factors, cytokines, and adipokines, can be morphologically altered, degraded, or reorganized. Many cancers evolve to form an immunosuppressive TME locally and create a pre-metastatic niche in other tissue sites. TME and pre-metastatic niches include myofibroblasts, immuno-inflammatory cells (macrophages), adipocytes, blood, and lymphatic vascular networks. Several studies have highlighted the adipocyte-macrophage interaction as a key driver of cancer progression and dissemination. The following two main classes of macrophages are distinguished: M1 (pro-inflammatory/anti-tumor) and M2 (anti-inflammatory/pro-tumor). These cells exhibit distinct microenvironment-dependent phenotypes that can promote or inhibit metastasis. On the other hand, obesity in cancer patients has been linked to a poor prognosis. In this regard, tumor-associated adipocytes modulate TME through the secretion of inflammatory mediators, which modulate and recruit tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Hereby, this review describes the cellular and molecular mechanisms that link inflammation, obesity, and cancer. It provides a comprehensive overview of adipocytes and macrophages in the ECM as they control cancer initiation, progression, and invasion. In addition, it addresses the mechanisms of tumor anchoring and recruitment for M1, M2, and TAM macrophages, specifically highlighting their origin, classification, polarization, and regulatory networks, as well as their roles in the regulation of angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression, specifically highlighting the role of adipocytes in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Habanjar
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, f-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Equipe Tumorigénèse Pharmacologie moléculaire et anticancéreuse, Faculté des Sciences II, Université libanaise Fanar, Beyrouth 1500, Liban;
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chezet
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, f-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Laetitia Delort
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, ECREIN, f-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
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Abdul Kader S, Dib S, Achkar IW, Thareja G, Suhre K, Rafii A, Halama A. Defining the landscape of metabolic dysregulations in cancer metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 39:345-362. [PMID: 34921655 PMCID: PMC8971193 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer related deaths due to the limited number of efficient druggable targets. Signatures of dysregulated cancer metabolism could serve as a roadmap for the determination of new treatment strategies. However, the metabolic signatures of metastatic cells remain vastly elusive. Our aim was to determine metabolic dysregulations associated with high metastatic potential in breast cancer cell lines. We have selected 5 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines including three with high metastatic potential (HMP) (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436, MDA-MB-468) and two with low metastatic potential (LMP) (BT549, HCC1143). The normal epithelial breast cell line (hTERT-HME1) was also investigated. The untargeted metabolic profiling of cells and growth media was conducted and total of 479 metabolites were quantified. First we characterized metabolic features differentiating TNBC cell lines from normal cells as well as identified cell line specific metabolic fingerprints. Next, we determined 92 metabolites in cells and 22 in growth medium that display significant differences between LMP and HMP. The HMP cell lines had elevated level of molecules involved in glycolysis, TCA cycle and lipid metabolism. We identified metabolic advantages of cell lines with HMP beyond enhanced glycolysis by pinpointing the role of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) catabolism as well as molecules supporting coagulation and platelet activation as important contributors to the metastatic cascade. The landscape of metabolic dysregulations, characterized in our study, could serve as a roadmap for the identification of treatment strategies targeting cancer cells with enhanced metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abdul Kader
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, 24144, Doha, Qatar
- University of Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Shaima Dib
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Iman W Achkar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gaurav Thareja
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, 24144, Doha, Qatar
- University of Paris-Saclay, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, 24144, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Arash Rafii
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
- Genetic Intelligence Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anna Halama
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, 24144, Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
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Onoshima D, Baba Y. Cancer diagnosis and analysis devices based on multimolecular crowding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13655-13661. [PMID: 34854439 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The study of the multimolecular crowding around cancer cells has opened up the possibility of developing new devices for cancer diagnosis and analysis through the measurement of intercellular communication related to cell proliferation and invasive metastasis associated with cancer malignancy. In particular, cells and extracellular vesicles that flow into the bloodstream contain metabolites and secreted products of the cancer microenvironment. These are positioned as targets for the development of new devices for the understanding and application of multimolecular crowding around cancer cells. Examples include the separation analysis of cancer cells in blood for the next generation of less invasive testing techniques, and mapping analysis using Raman scattering to detect cancer cells without staining. Another example is the evaluation of the relationship between exosomes and cancer traits for the exploration of new anti-cancer drugs, and the commercialization of exosome separation devices for ultra-early cancer diagnosis. The development of nanobiodevice engineering, which applies multimolecular crowding to conventional nanobioscience, is expected to contribute to the diagnosis and analysis of various diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Onoshima
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. .,Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.,Institute of Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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Baicalin Inhibits EMT through PDK1/AKT Signaling in Human Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:4391581. [PMID: 34868313 PMCID: PMC8639265 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4391581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Baicalin is a naturally occurring compound with anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanism underlying its anticancer activity on nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. Methods The effects of baicalin on the progression and metastasis of experimental NSCLC cell lines were studied in vitro and in vivo. Wound-healing and transwell assays were performed to evaluate the potency of baicalin and the motility and migration ability of NCI-H460 cells. Immunofluorescence assay, western blot assay, and immunohistochemistry test were conducted to investigate the inhibiting effect of baicalin on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of NSCLC. Results Baicalin inhibited the proliferation and migration of NCI-H446 human NSCLC cells in a dose-dependent manner, reduced the expression levels of phospho-3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (p-PDK1) and phosphor-serine/threonine-protein kinase (p-AKT), reversed the levels of EMT markers, and inhibited the migration of NSCLC cells. Conclusions Baicalin impedes EMT by inhibiting the PDK1/AKT pathway in human NSCLC and thus may be an effective alternative treatment for carcinoma and a new candidate antimetastasis drug.
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Hu D, Shao W, Liu L, Wang Y, Yuan S, Liu Z, Liu J, Zhang J. Intricate crosstalk between MYB and noncoding RNAs in cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:653. [PMID: 34876130 PMCID: PMC8650324 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
MYB is often overexpressed in malignant tumors and plays a carcinogenic role in the initiation and development of cancer. Deletion of the MYB regulatory C-terminal domain may be a driving mutation leading to tumorigenesis, therefore, different tumor mechanisms produce similar MYB proteins. As MYB is a transcription factor, priority has been given to identifying the genes that it regulates. All previous attention has been focused on protein-coding genes. However, an increasing number of studies have suggested that MYB can affect the complexity of cancer progression by regulating tumor-associated noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs, long-non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs. ncRNAs can regulate the expression of numerous downstream genes at the transcription, RNA processing and translation levels, thereby having various biological functions. Additionally, ncRNAs play important roles in regulating MYB expression. This review focuses on the intricate crosstalk between oncogenic MYB and ncRNAs, which play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, including proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, senescence and drug resistance. In addition, we discuss therapeutic strategies for crosstalk between MYB and ncRNAs to prevent the occurrence and development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyu Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjun Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Li Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shunling Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Ji Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China.
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Zhao J, Li L, Wang Z, Li L, He M, Han S, Dong Y, Liu X, Zhao W, Ke Y, Wang C. Luteolin attenuates cancer cell stemness in PTX-resistant oesophageal cancer cells through mediating SOX2 protein stability. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105939. [PMID: 34655772 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer drug resistance is a formidable obstacle that enhances cancer stem-like cell properties, tumour metastasis and relapse. Luteolin (Lut) is a natural flavonoid with strong antitumor effects. However, the underlying mechanism(s) by which Lut protects against paclitaxel-resistant (PTX-resistant) cancer cell remains unknown. Herein, we found that Lut significantly attenuated the stem-like properties of PTX-resistant cancer cells by downregulating the expression of SOX2 protein. Additionally, further study showed that Lut could inhibit the PI3K/AKT pathway to decrease the phosphorylation level of AKT(S473) and UBR5 expression, which is an ubiquitin E3 ligase that promotes SOX2 degradation. In addition, Lut also inhibited PTX-resistant cancer cell migration and invasion by blocking epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Importantly, Lut inhibited the tumorigenic ability of oesophageal PTX-resistant cancer cells and showed no obvious toxicity in vivo. Thus, Lut has potential as a promising agent for drug-resistant oesophageal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Leilei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Zhijia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Linlin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Mingjing He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Shuhua Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Yalong Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Wen Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Yu Ke
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, PR China.
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Skaro M, Hill M, Zhou Y, Quinn S, Davis MB, Sboner A, Murph M, Arnold J. Are we there yet? A machine learning architecture to predict organotropic metastases. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:281. [PMID: 34819069 PMCID: PMC8611885 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cancer metastasis into distant organs is an evolutionarily selective process. A better understanding of the driving forces endowing proliferative plasticity of tumor seeds in distant soils is required to develop and adapt better treatment systems for this lethal stage of the disease. To this end, we aimed to utilize transcript expression profiling features to predict the site-specific metastases of primary tumors and second, to identify the determinants of tissue specific progression. METHODS We used statistical machine learning for transcript feature selection to optimize classification and built tree-based classifiers to predict tissue specific sites of metastatic progression. RESULTS We developed a novel machine learning architecture that analyzes 33 types of RNA transcriptome profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Our classifier identifies the tumor type, derives synthetic instances of primary tumors metastasizing to distant organs and classifies the site-specific metastases in 16 types of cancers metastasizing to 12 locations. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that site specific metastatic progression is predictable using transcriptomic profiling data from primary tumors and that the overrepresented biological processes in tumors metastasizing to congruent distant loci are highly overlapping. These results indicate site-specific progression was organotropic and core features of biological signaling pathways are identifiable that may describe proliferative plasticity in distant soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Skaro
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Marcus Hill
- Department of Computer Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Shannon Quinn
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Melissa B Davis
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Andrea Sboner
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mandi Murph
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jonathan Arnold
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Repas J, Zügner E, Gole B, Bizjak M, Potočnik U, Magnes C, Pavlin M. Metabolic profiling of attached and detached metformin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose treated breast cancer cells reveals adaptive changes in metabolome of detached cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21354. [PMID: 34725457 PMCID: PMC8560930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anchorage-independent growth of cancer cells in vitro is correlated to metastasis formation in vivo. Metformin use is associated with decreased breast cancer incidence and currently evaluated in cancer clinical trials. The combined treatment with metformin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) in vitro induces detachment of viable MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells that retain their proliferation capacity. This might be important for cell detachment from primary tumors, but the metabolic changes involved are unknown. We performed LC/MS metabolic profiling on separated attached and detached MDA-MB-231 cells treated with metformin and/or 2DG. High 2DG and metformin plus 2DG altered the metabolic profile similarly to metformin, inferring that metabolic changes are necessary but not sufficient while the specific effects of 2DG are crucial for detachment. Detached cells had higher NADPH levels and lower fatty acids and glutamine levels compared to attached cells, supporting the role of AMPK activation and reductive carboxylation in supporting anchorage-independent survival. Surprisingly, the metabolic profile of detached cells was closer to untreated control cells than attached treated cells, suggesting detachment might help cells adapt to energy stress. Metformin treated cells had higher fatty and amino acid levels with lower purine nucleotide levels, which is relevant for understanding the anticancer mechanisms of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Repas
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Elmar Zügner
- Joanneum Research Health - Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - Boris Gole
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maruša Bizjak
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Group for Nano- and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Pharmacy Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Potočnik
- Center for Human Molecular Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Medical Faculty, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Biochemistry, Molecular biology and Genomics, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Christoph Magnes
- Joanneum Research Health - Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graz, Austria.
| | - Mojca Pavlin
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Group for Nano- and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Albaradei S, Thafar M, Alsaedi A, Van Neste C, Gojobori T, Essack M, Gao X. Machine learning and deep learning methods that use omics data for metastasis prediction. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5008-5018. [PMID: 34589181 PMCID: PMC8450182 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowing metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths, incentivized research directed towards unraveling the complex cellular processes that drive the metastasis. Advancement in technology and specifically the advent of high-throughput sequencing provides knowledge of such processes. This knowledge led to the development of therapeutic and clinical applications, and is now being used to predict the onset of metastasis to improve diagnostics and disease therapies. In this regard, predicting metastasis onset has also been explored using artificial intelligence approaches that are machine learning, and more recently, deep learning-based. This review summarizes the different machine learning and deep learning-based metastasis prediction methods developed to date. We also detail the different types of molecular data used to build the models and the critical signatures derived from the different methods. We further highlight the challenges associated with using machine learning and deep learning methods, and provide suggestions to improve the predictive performance of such methods.
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Key Words
- AE, autoencoder
- ANN, Artificial Neural Network
- AUC, area under the curve
- Acc, Accuracy
- Artificial intelligence
- BC, Betweenness centrality
- BH, Benjamini-Hochberg
- BioGRID, Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets
- CCP, compound covariate predictor
- CEA, Carcinoembryonic antigen
- CNN, convolution neural networks
- CV, cross-validation
- Cancer
- DBN, deep belief network
- DDBN, discriminative deep belief network
- DEGs, differentially expressed genes
- DIP, Database of Interacting Proteins
- DNN, Deep neural network
- DT, Decision Tree
- Deep learning
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- FC, fully connected
- GA, Genetic Algorithm
- GANs, generative adversarial networks
- GEO, Gene Expression Omnibus
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HPRD, Human Protein Reference Database
- KNN, K-nearest neighbor
- L-SVM, linear SVM
- LIMMA, linear models for microarray data
- LOOCV, Leave-one-out cross-validation
- LR, Logistic Regression
- MCCV, Monte Carlo cross-validation
- MLP, multilayer perceptron
- Machine learning
- Metastasis
- NPV, negative predictive value
- PCA, Principal component analysis
- PPI, protein-protein interaction
- PPV, positive predictive value
- RC, ridge classifier
- RF, Random Forest
- RFE, recursive feature elimination
- RMA, robust multi‐array average
- RNN, recurrent neural networks
- SGD, stochastic gradient descent
- SMOTE, synthetic minority over-sampling technique
- SVM, Support Vector Machine
- Se, sensitivity
- Sp, specificity
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- k-CV, k-fold cross validation
- mRMR, minimum redundancy maximum relevance
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayah Albaradei
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Thafar
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Taif University, Collage of Computers and Information Technology, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Alsaedi
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christophe Van Neste
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Wu J, Yang T, Wang X, Li W, Pang M, Sun H, Liang H, Yang F. Development of a multi-target anticancer Sn(ii) pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone complex. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:10909-10921. [PMID: 34313274 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01272j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we proposed to design effective multi-target anticancer agents based on the chelation of nontoxic metals with ligands that possess anticancer activity. In total, five Sn(ii) pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone complexes are synthesized and their activities are tested. Among these complexes, C5 is found to show the highest cytotoxicity on investigating their structure-activity relationships. In addition, C5 not only exhibits an effective inhibitory effect against tumor growth in vivo, but also suppresses angiogenesis and restricts the metastasis of cancer cells in vitro. Multiple mechanisms underlie the antitumor effect of C5, and they include acting against DNA, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting the activities of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL protein, metalloproteinase MMP2 and topoisomerase II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Tongfu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Min Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.
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Emerging nanomedicine-based therapeutics for hematogenous metastatic cascade inhibition: Interfering with the crosstalk between "seed and soil". Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2286-2305. [PMID: 34522588 PMCID: PMC8424221 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable progresses in cancer treatment, tumor metastasis is still a thorny issue, which leads to majority of cancer-related deaths. In hematogenous metastasis, the concept of “seed and soil” suggests that the crosstalk between cancer cells (seeds) and premetastatic niche (soil) facilitates tumor metastasis. Considerable efforts have been dedicated to inhibit the tumor metastatic cascade, which is a highly complicated process involving various pathways and biological events. Nonetheless, satisfactory therapeutic outcomes are rarely observed, since it is a great challenge to thwart this multi-phase process. Recent advances in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have shown great potential in the field of anti-metastasis, especially compared with conventional treatment methods, which are limited by serious side effects and poor efficacy. In this review, we summarized various factors involved in each phase of the metastatic cascade ranging from the metastasis initiation to colonization. Then we reviewed current approaches of targeting these factors to stifle the metastatic cascade, including modulating primary tumor microenvironment, targeting circulating tumor cells, regulating premetastatic niche and eliminating established metastasis. Additionally, we highlighted the multi-phase targeted drug delivery systems, which hold a better chance to inhibit metastasis. Besides, we demonstrated the limitation and future perspectives of nanomedicine-based anti-metastasis strategies.
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Shaik B, Zafar T, Balasubramanian K, Gupta SP. An Overview of Ovarian Cancer: Molecular Processes Involved and Development of Target-based Chemotherapeutics. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:329-346. [PMID: 33183204 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620999201111155426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the leading gynecologic diseases with a high mortality rate worldwide. Current statistical studies on cancer reveal that over the past two decades, the fifth most common cause of death related to cancer in females of the western world is ovarian cancer. In spite of significant strides made in genomics, proteomics and radiomics, there has been little progress in transitioning these research advances into effective clinical administration of ovarian cancer. Consequently, researchers have diverted their attention to finding various molecular processes involved in the development of this cancer and how these processes can be exploited to develop potential chemotherapeutics to treat this cancer. The present review gives an overview of these studies which may update the researchers on where we stand and where to go further. The unfortunate situation with ovarian cancer that still exists is that most patients with it do not show any symptoms until the disease has moved to an advanced stage. Undoubtedly, several targets-based drugs have been developed to treat it, but drug-resistance and the recurrence of this disease are still a problem. For the development of potential chemotherapeutics for ovarian cancer, however, some theoretical approaches have also been applied. A description of such methods and their success in this direction is also covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheerulla Shaik
- Department of Applied Sciences, National Institute of Technical Teachers' Training & Research, Shamla Hills, Shanti Marg, Bhopal-462002, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tabassum Zafar
- Department of Biosciences, Barkatullah University, Bhopal-462026, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Satya P Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut-250002, India
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Rudzka DA, Mason S, Neilson M, McGarry L, Kalna G, Hedley A, Blyth K, Olson MF. Selection of established tumour cells through narrow diameter micropores enriches for elevated Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK MAPK signalling and enhanced tumour growth. Small GTPases 2021; 12:294-310. [PMID: 32569510 PMCID: PMC8204978 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2020.1780108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As normal cells become cancer cells, and progress towards malignancy, they become progressively softer. Advantages of this change are that tumour cells become more deformable, and better able to move through narrow constraints. We designed a positive selection strategy that enriched for cells which could move through narrow diameter micropores to identify cell phenotypes that enabled constrained migration. Using human MDA MB 231 breast cancer and MDA MB 435 melanoma cancer cells, we found that micropore selection favoured cells with relatively higher Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling, which affected actin cytoskeleton organization, focal adhesion density and cell elasticity. In this follow-up study, we provide further evidence that selection through micropores enriched for cells with altered cell morphology and adhesion. Additional analysis of RNA sequencing data revealed a set of transcripts associated with small cell size that was independent of constrained migration. Gene set enrichment analysis identified the 'matrisome' as the most significantly altered gene set linked with small size. When grown as orthotopic xenograft tumours in immunocompromised mice, micropore selected cells grew significantly faster than Parent or Flow-Sorted cells. Using mathematical modelling, we determined that there is an interaction between 1) the cell to gap size ratio; 2) the bending rigidity of the cell, which enable movement through narrow gaps. These results extend our previous conclusion that Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK MAPK signalling has a significant role in regulating cell biomechanics by showing that the selective pressure of movement through narrow gaps also enriches for increased tumour growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika a Rudzka
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Susan Mason
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Lynn McGarry
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael F. Olson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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