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Lu H, Kong J, Cai S, Huang H, Luo J, Liu L. Hsa_circ_0096157 silencing suppresses autophagy and reduces cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer by weakening the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:703. [PMID: 38822881 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09552-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide, and new diagnostic markers are urgently needed. We aimed to investigate the mechanism by which hsa_circ_0096157 regulates autophagy and cisplatin (DDP) resistance in NSCLC. METHODS A549 cells were treated with DDP (0 μg/mL or 3 μg/mL). Then, the autophagy activator rapamycin (200 nm) was applied to the A549/DDP cells. Moreover, hsa_circ_0096157 and Nrf2 were knocked down, and Nrf2 was overexpressed in A549/DDP cells. The expression of Hsa_circ_0096157, the Nrf2/ARE pathway-related factors Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1, and the autophagy-related factors LC3, Beclin-1, and p62 was evaluated by qRT‒PCR or western blotting. Autophagosomes were detected through TEM. An MTS assay was utilized to measure cell proliferation. The associated miRNA levels were also tested by qRT‒PCR. RESULTS DDP (3 μg/mL) promoted hsa_circ_0096157, LC3 II/I, and Beclin-1 expression and decreased p62 expression. Knocking down hsa_circ_0096157 resulted in the downregulation of LC3 II/I and Beclin-1 expression, upregulation of p62 expression, and decreased proliferation. Rapamycin reversed the effect of interfering with hsa_circ_0096157. Keap1 expression was lower, and Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 expression was greater in the A549/DDP group than in the A549 group. HO-1 expression was repressed after Nrf2 interference. In addition, activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway promoted autophagy in A549/DDP cells. Moreover, hsa_circ_0096157 activated the Nrf2/ARE pathway. The silencing of hsa_circ_0096157 reduced Nrf2 expression by releasing miR-142-5p or miR-548n. Finally, we found that hsa_circ_0096157 promoted A549/DDP cell autophagy by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway. CONCLUSION Knockdown of hsa_circ_0096157 inhibits autophagy and DDP resistance in NSCLC cells by downregulating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasong Lu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinliang Kong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangqi Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Latanova A, Karpov V, Starodubova E. Extracellular Vesicles in Flaviviridae Pathogenesis: Their Roles in Viral Transmission, Immune Evasion, and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2144. [PMID: 38396820 PMCID: PMC10889558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The members of the Flaviviridae family are becoming an emerging threat for public health, causing an increasing number of infections each year and requiring effective treatment. The consequences of these infections can be severe and include liver inflammation with subsequent carcinogenesis, endothelial damage with hemorrhage, neuroinflammation, and, in some cases, death. The mechanisms of Flaviviridae pathogenesis are being actively investigated, but there are still many gaps in their understanding. Extracellular vesicles may play important roles in these mechanisms, and, therefore, this topic deserves detailed research. Recent data have revealed the involvement of extracellular vesicles in steps of Flaviviridae pathogenesis such as transmission, immune evasion, and inflammation, which is critical for disease establishment. This review covers recent papers on the roles of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of Flaviviridae and includes examples of clinical applications of the accumulated data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Latanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.K.); (E.S.)
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3
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Chen H, Liu J, Peng S, Yang G, Cheng X, Chen L, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Yao P, Tang Y. Autophagy and exosomes coordinately mediate quercetin's protective effects on alcoholic liver disease. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 116:109332. [PMID: 36965782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a spectrum of liver abnormalities induced by chronic alcohol abuse, continues to be the major cause of life-threatening liver disease in developed countries. Autophagy and exosomes were individually confirmed to be involved in the pathogenesis of ALD. Here, we sought to identify the role of autophagy and exosomes in the liver protective effects of quercetin. We observed decreased hepatic LC3II/LC3I and increased p62 level in ethanol-fed mice, and these changes were alleviated by quercetin. Meanwhile, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) showed elevated serum exosomes numbers in ethanol-fed mice, which was combated by quercetin. Ethanol induced elevated LDH, ALT, and AST in HepG2 supernatant, which was alleviated by cytochalasin D (exosomes uptake inhibitor). Moreover, quercetin reduced ethanol-induced LDH and ALT elevation in vitro, and the effects of quercetin were reversed by Rab27a overexpression (induce exosomes release) or wortmannin treatment (autophagy inhibitor). Transcriptomic analysis supported that quercetin reversed the change of lysosome related genes disturbed by ethanol. Meanwhile, western blot analysis exhibited decreased hepatic expression of LAMP2 and ATPA6V1B2, and active Cathepsin B/Cathepsin B by quercetin treatment, indicating quercetin alleviated lysosome dysfunction in ethanol-fed mice. Baf A treatment or transfection of siTFEB offset quercetin's effects in ethanol-induced LDH and ALT elevation, exosomes release, and autophagy inhibition (LC3II/I and p62 accumulation). Taken together, quercetin coordinately activates autophagy and combats exosomes release by restoring lysosome function, and further mitigates ethanol-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Shufen Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xueer Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Li Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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4
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Li RY, Hu Q, Shi X, Luo ZY, Shao DH. Crosstalk between exosomes and autophagy in spinal cord injury: fresh positive target for therapeutic application. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 391:1-17. [PMID: 36380098 PMCID: PMC9839811 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a very serious clinical traumatic illness with a very high disability rate. It not only causes serious functional disorders below the injured segment, but also causes unimaginable economic burden to social development. Exosomes are nano-sized cellular communication carriers that exist stably in almost all organisms and cell types. Because of their capacity to transport proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, they affect various physiological and pathological functions of recipient cells and parental cells. Autophagy is a process that relies on the lysosomal pathway to degrade cytoplasmic proteins and organelles and involves a variety of pathophysiological processes. Exosomes and autophagy play critical roles in cellular homeostasis following spinal cord injury. Presently, the coordination mechanism of exosomes and autophagy has attracted much attention in the early efficacy of spinal cord injury. In this review, we discussed the interaction of autophagy and exosomes from the perspective of molecular mechanisms, which might provide novel insights for the early therapeutic application of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-yu Li
- Anqing First People’s Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, 246000 Anhui Province, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xu Shi
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen-yu Luo
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong-hua Shao
- Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 Jiangsu Province, China
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Park SJ, Hahn YS. Hepatocytes infected with hepatitis C virus change immunological features in the liver microenvironment. Clin Mol Hepatol 2023; 29:65-76. [PMID: 35957546 PMCID: PMC9845665 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is remarkably efficient in establishing viral persistence, leading to the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) are promising HCV therapies to clear the virus. However, recent reports indicate potential increased risk of HCC development among HCV patients with cirrhosis following DAA therapy. CD8+ T-cells participate in controlling HCV infection. However, in chronic hepatitis C patients, severe CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell dysfunctions have been observed. This suggests that HCV may employ mechanisms to counteract or suppress the host T-cell responses. The primary site of viral replication is within hepatocytes where infection can trigger the expression of costimulatory molecules and the secretion of immunoregulatory cytokines. Numerous studies indicate that HCV infection in hepatocytes impairs antiviral host immunity by modulating the expression of immunoregulatory molecules. Hepatocytes expressing whole HCV proteins upregulate the ligands of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) synthesis compared to those in hepatocytes in the absence of the HCV genome. Importantly, HCV-infected hepatocytes are capable of inducing regulatory CD4+ T-cells, releasing exosomes displaying TGF-β on exosome surfaces, and generating follicular regulatory T-cells. Recent studies report that the expression profile of exosome microRNAs provides biomarkers of HCV infection and HCV-related chronic liver diseases. A better understanding of the immunoregulatory mechanisms and identification of biomarkers associated with HCV infection will provide insight into designing vaccine against HCV to bypass HCV-induced immune dysregulation and prevent development of HCV-associated chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jeung Park
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA,USA
| | - Young S. Hahn
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA,USA,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Corresponding author : Young S. Hahn Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, 345 Crispell Dr, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA Tel: +1-434-924-1275, Fax: +1-434-924-1221, E-mail:
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Jahangiri B, Saei AK, Obi PO, Asghari N, Lorzadeh S, Hekmatirad S, Rahmati M, Velayatipour F, Asghari MH, Saleem A, Moosavi MA. Exosomes, autophagy and ER stress pathways in human diseases: Cross-regulation and therapeutic approaches. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166484. [PMID: 35811032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomal release pathway and autophagy together maintain homeostasis and survival of cells under stressful conditions. Autophagy is a catabolic process through which cell entities, such as malformed biomacromolecules and damaged organelles, are degraded and recycled via the lysosomal-dependent pathway. Exosomes, a sub-type of extracellular vesicles (EVs) formed by the inward budding of multivesicular bodies (MVBs), are mostly involved in mediating communication between cells. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive response that is activated to sustain survival in the cells faced with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through a complex network that involves protein synthesis, exosomes secretion and autophagy. Disruption of the critical crosstalk between EVs, UPR and autophagy may be implicated in various human diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, yet the molecular mechanism(s) behind the coordination of these communication pathways remains obscure. Here, we review the available information on the mechanisms that control autophagy, ER stress and EV pathways, with the view that a better understanding of their crosstalk and balance may improve our knowledge on the pathogenesis and treatment of human diseases, where these pathways are dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Jahangiri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Ali Kian Saei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Patience O Obi
- Applied Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Narjes Asghari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Shirin Hekmatirad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Velayatipour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosseni Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ayesha Saleem
- Applied Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran.
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Glitscher M, Hildt E, Bender D. [Hepatitis B and C: mechanisms of virus-induced liver pathogenesis and tumorigenesis]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2022; 65:228-237. [PMID: 35015106 PMCID: PMC8813796 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-021-03482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, the hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses (HBV, HCV) are the most relevant causative viral agents of a chronic hepatitis (inflammation of the liver). At present, more than 250 million people suffer from a chronic HBV infection globally, resulting in 0.8 million deaths per year. A chronic HCV infection accounts for about 70 million cases worldwide, leading to a death toll of about 1 million per year. An approved vaccine is only available against an HBV infection. Both HBV and HCV infections result in a highly increased risk of developing liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).This review aims to describe mechanisms of the HBV- and HCV-associated pathogenesis. The focus is on the interplay between a chronic infection with intracellular signaling transduction, metabolic pathways with an emphasis on lipid metabolism, the establishment of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis during a chronic infection, and the mechanisms of the onset of a virally induced HCC.Despite there being great advances in the characterization of viral life cycles and the development of robust antiviral strategies, significant hurdles persist: gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms that drive virus-associated pathogenesis as well as increasing insights regarding different viral genotypes having impacts on alternate pathogeneses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Glitscher
- Abteilung 2/01, Virologie, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut - Bundesinstitut für Impfstoffe und biomedizinische Arzneimittel, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63226, Langen, Deutschland
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Abteilung 2/01, Virologie, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut - Bundesinstitut für Impfstoffe und biomedizinische Arzneimittel, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63226, Langen, Deutschland.
| | - Daniela Bender
- Abteilung 2/01, Virologie, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut - Bundesinstitut für Impfstoffe und biomedizinische Arzneimittel, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63226, Langen, Deutschland
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8
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Bender D, Glitscher M, Hildt E. [Viral hepatitis A to E: prevalence, pathogen characteristics, and pathogenesis]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2021; 65:139-148. [PMID: 34932130 PMCID: PMC8813840 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-021-03472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bei der viralen Hepatitis handelt es sich um eine akute oder chronische Entzündung der Leber, die durch verschiedene Viren verursacht wird. Weltweit leiden derzeit ca. 325 Mio. Menschen an der chronischen Form. Jährlich versterben insgesamt ca. 1,6 Mio. an den Folgen einer viralen Hepatitis. Die Hepatitisviren werden in 5 Erregergruppen unterteilt, die mit den Buchstaben A bis E bezeichnet werden (HAV–HEV). Diese unterscheiden sich in Phylogenie, Übertragung, Epidemiologie, Wirtsspezifität, Lebenszyklus, Struktur und in speziellen Aspekten der Pathogenese. Das strikt humanpathogene HAV, Teil der Familie Picornaviridae, induziert meist nur akute Hepatitiden und ist primär in Entwicklungsländern verbreitet. Das den Hepeviridae zugeordnete HEV beschreibt eine ähnliche Epidemiologie, ist jedoch durch sein zoonotisches Potenzial auch in Industrienationen weitverbreitet und kann zusätzlich eine chronische Erkrankung induzieren. Eine Chronifizierung tritt ebenso bei dem weltweit verbreiteten HBV (Hepadnaviridae) auf, dessen Satellitenvirus HDV (Kolmioviridae) das vorhandene kanzerogene Potenzial noch einmal erhöht. Das ebenfalls weltweit verbreitete HCV (Flaviviridae) birgt ein äußerst hohes Risiko der Chronifizierung und somit ebenfalls ein stark erhöhtes, kanzerogenes Potenzial. Die Erreger der viralen Hepatitis unterscheiden sich in ihren Eigenschaften und Lebenszyklen. Eine differenzierte Betrachtung im Hinblick auf Epidemiologie, Nachweismethoden und Prävention ist daher angezeigt. Obwohl robuste Therapien, und im Falle einzelner Erreger auch Vakzine, vorhanden sind, muss die Forschung insbesondere in Hinblick auf die armutsassoziierten Erreger erheblich vorangetrieben werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bender
- Abteilung Virologie, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut - Bundesinstitut für Impfstoffe und biomedizinische Arzneimittel, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Deutschland
| | - Mirco Glitscher
- Abteilung Virologie, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut - Bundesinstitut für Impfstoffe und biomedizinische Arzneimittel, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Deutschland
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Abteilung Virologie, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut - Bundesinstitut für Impfstoffe und biomedizinische Arzneimittel, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Deutschland.
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9
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Li HC, Yang CH, Lo SY. Cellular factors involved in the hepatitis C virus life cycle. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:4555-4581. [PMID: 34366623 PMCID: PMC8326260 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i28.4555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV), an obligatory intracellular pathogen, highly depends on its host cells to propagate successfully. The HCV life cycle can be simply divided into several stages including viral entry, protein translation, RNA replication, viral assembly and release. Hundreds of cellular factors involved in the HCV life cycle have been identified over more than thirty years of research. Characterization of these cellular factors has provided extensive insight into HCV replication strategies. Some of these cellular factors are targets for anti-HCV therapies. In this review, we summarize the well-characterized and recently identified cellular factors functioning at each stage of the HCV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Hing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yen Lo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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10
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Wozniak AL, Adams A, King KE, Dunn W, Christenson LK, Hung WT, Weinman SA. The RNA binding protein FMR1 controls selective exosomal miRNA cargo loading during inflammation. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:152116. [PMID: 32970791 PMCID: PMC7659717 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201912074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to inflammatory disease states by releasing exosomes containing highly specific protein and RNA cargos, but how inflammation alters cargo specificity and secretion of exosomes is unknown. We show that increases in exosome secretion induced by either viral infection or LPS/ATP exposure result from inflammasome activation and subsequent caspase-1–dependent cleavage of the trafficking adaptor protein RILP. This cleaved form of RILP promotes the movement of multivesicular bodies toward the cell periphery and induces selective exosomal miRNA cargo loading. We have identified a common short sequence motif present in miRNAs that are selectively loaded into exosomes after RILP cleavage. This motif binds the RNA binding protein FMR1 and directs miRNA loading into exosomes via interaction with components of the ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) pathway. These results indicate that inflammasome-mediated RILP cleavage, and sequence-specific interactions between miRNAs and FMR1, play a significant role in exosome cargo loading and enhanced secretion during cellular inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann L Wozniak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.,Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City KS
| | - Abby Adams
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.,Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City KS
| | - Kayla E King
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.,Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City KS
| | - Winston Dunn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.,Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City KS
| | - Lane K Christenson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City KS
| | - Wei-Ting Hung
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City KS.,Center for Systems Biology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Steven A Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.,Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City KS
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11
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Zhao TM, Wang Y, Deng Y, Fan XF, Cao XC, Hou LJ, Mao LH, Lin L, Zhao W, Wang BM, Jiang K, Zhao JW, Sun C. Bicyclol Attenuates Acute Liver Injury by Activating Autophagy, Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Capabilities in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:463. [PMID: 32362825 PMCID: PMC7181473 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicyclol, a novel synthetic antihepatitis drug, has been shown to protect against liver injury via various pharmacological activities. The purpose of the current study was to further investigate the protective effect of bicyclol against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) and its underlying molecular mechanism, particularly autophagic machinery, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory potentials. Our results found that treatment with bicyclol significantly reduced CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by alleviating histopathological liver changes, decreasing the alanine transaminase levels, promoting autophagic flux, attenuating the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and modulating oxidative markers. Furthermore, bicyclol efficiently induced the conversion of LC3 and enhanced the liver expressions of ATG7 and Beclin-1. Meanwhile, bicyclol induced the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and p62. These protective effects may be mediated by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and inhibition of mTOR or MAPK signaling pathways. Taken together, our study firstly suggests that bicyclol has protective potential against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, which might be closely associated with induction of autophagy, concomitant anti-oxidative stress, and anti-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - You Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Cang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Jun Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Hong Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bang-Mao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Wen Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Digestive Disease, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin, China
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12
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Hepatitis C Virus Entry: An Intriguingly Complex and Highly Regulated Process. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062091. [PMID: 32197477 PMCID: PMC7140000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis and liver disease worldwide. Its tissue and species tropism are largely defined by the viral entry process that is required for subsequent productive viral infection and establishment of chronic infection. This review provides an overview of the viral and host factors involved in HCV entry into hepatocytes, summarizes our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing this process and highlights the therapeutic potential of host-targeting entry inhibitors.
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13
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Exosomal Nrf2: From anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation response to wound healing and tissue regeneration in aged-related diseases. Biochimie 2020; 171-172:103-109. [PMID: 32109502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of oxidative stress in cells is an essential feature of cellular senescence and aging. This phenomenon is involved in different age-related diseases through dysregulation of homeostasis and impairing repair and regeneration (wound healing) capacity, which can suppress antioxidant responses such as the activity of antioxidant enzymes and damaged protein clearance system. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor which regulates basal and inducible expression pattern of specific genes (antioxidants and detoxifications) through antioxidant element response (ARE) sites in the stress condition, specifically in chronic and age-related stresses. Nrf2 maintains cellular redox hemostasis and promotes rejuvenation. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles that are released by various cells to actively regulate the complex cellular signaling networks. Exosomal-Nrf2 and exosomal-Nrf2-mediated products can modulate oxidative hemostasis in target cells to induce tissue repairing with therapeutic proposes, and regeneration capability. In this study, we summarized the role of exosomal-Nrf2 in different age-related diseases, including diabetic foot ulcers, atherosclerosis, chronic heart failure, reproductive cell failures, and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we briefly explained the crosstalk between plant exosomes and mammalian cell metabolism in the benefit of cellular stress suppression.
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14
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Guo D, Shen Y, Li W, Li Q, Miao Y, Zhong Y. Upregulation of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 mimics calorie restriction to retard liver aging by inducing autophagy. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:931-944. [PMID: 31927537 PMCID: PMC6977670 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) gene expression is often upregulated in long-lived murine models. However, the specific relationship between FMO3 and aging remains unknown. Here, we show that 40% calorie restriction (CR), which is considered to be one of the most robust interventions to delay aging progression, markedly upregulates FMO3. Most importantly, upregulation of hepatocyte FMO3 in murine models prevented or reversed hepatic aging. Accordingly, the upregulation of FMO3 mimicked the effects of CR: reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 and fasting insulin; relief of oxidative stress, with lower hepatic malondialdehyde levels and higher superoxide dismutase activity; reduced serum and hepatic levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, as well as reduced lipid deposition in the liver; and diminished levels of aging-related markers β-gal and p16. There were also synergistic effects between FMO3 upregulation and CR. Inhibition of autophagy blocked the anti-aging effects of upregulation of hepatocyte FMO3, including reversing the amelioration of the serum and hepatic parameters related to inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, liver function, and hepatocyte senescence. Our results suggest that the upregulation of FMO3 mimics CR to prevent or reverse hepatic aging by promoting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinjie Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Miao
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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15
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Cavallini C, Zannini C, Olivi E, Tassinari R, Taglioli V, Rossi M, Poggi P, Chatgilialoglu A, Simonazzi G, Alviano F, Bonsi L, Ventura C. Restoring In Vivo-Like Membrane Lipidomics Promotes Exosome Trophic Behavior from Human Placental Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2019; 27:55-69. [PMID: 29562775 PMCID: PMC6434476 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717723016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are an effective tool in regenerative medicine notably for their intrinsic plentiful paracrine activity rather than differentiating properties. The hMSC secretome includes a wide spectrum of regulatory and trophic factors, encompassing several naked molecules as well as different kinds of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Among EVs, exosomes represent an intriguing population, able to shuttle proteins, transcription factors, and genetic materials, with a relevant role in cell-to-cell communication, modulating biological responses in recipient cells. In this context, the extracellular milieu can greatly impact the paracrine activity of stem cells, modifying their metabolism, and the dynamics of vesicle secretion. In the present study, we investigated the effects elicited on exosome patterning by tailored, ad hoc formulated lipid supplementation (Refeed®) in MSCs derived from human fetal membranes (hFM-MSCs). Wound healing experiments revealed that stem cell exposure to exosomes obtained from Refeed®-supplemented hFM-MSCs increased their migratory capability, although the amount of exosomes released after Refeed® supplementation was lower than that yielded from non-supplemented cells. We found that such a decrease was mainly due to a different rate of exosomal exocytosis rather than to an effect of the lipid supplement on the endocytic pathway. Endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis was modified by supplementation, through the upregulation of PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α). Increased expression of these proteins did not lead to stress-induced, unfolded protein response (UPR)-mediated apoptosis, nor did it affect phosphorylation of p38 kinase, suggesting that PERK and IRE1α overexpression was due to augmented metabolic activities mediated by optimization of a cellular feeding network afforded through lipid supplementation. In summary, these results demonstrate how tailored lipid supplementation can successfully modify the paracrine features in hFM-MSCs, impacting both intracellular vesicle trafficking and secreted exosome number and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cavallini
- 1 GUNA - ATTRE (Advanced Therapies and Tissue Regeneration), Innovation Accelerator at CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,2 National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), Rome, Italy.,3 Ettore Sansavini Health Science Foundation ONLUS-Lab SWITH, Lugo, Italy
| | - Chiara Zannini
- 3 Ettore Sansavini Health Science Foundation ONLUS-Lab SWITH, Lugo, Italy.,4 Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Olivi
- 1 GUNA - ATTRE (Advanced Therapies and Tissue Regeneration), Innovation Accelerator at CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,2 National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), Rome, Italy.,3 Ettore Sansavini Health Science Foundation ONLUS-Lab SWITH, Lugo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Tassinari
- 1 GUNA - ATTRE (Advanced Therapies and Tissue Regeneration), Innovation Accelerator at CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,2 National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), Rome, Italy.,3 Ettore Sansavini Health Science Foundation ONLUS-Lab SWITH, Lugo, Italy
| | - Valentina Taglioli
- 2 National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), Rome, Italy.,6 Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Rossi
- 5 Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuliana Simonazzi
- 8 Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Alviano
- 5 Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Bonsi
- 5 Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Ventura
- 1 GUNA - ATTRE (Advanced Therapies and Tissue Regeneration), Innovation Accelerator at CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,2 National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (NIBB), Rome, Italy.,9 CNR, Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività ISOF), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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16
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Elgner F, Hildt E, Bender D. Relevance of Rab Proteins for the Life Cycle of Hepatitis C Virus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:166. [PMID: 30564577 PMCID: PMC6288913 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although potent direct-acting antiviral drugs for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are licensed, there are more than 70 million individuals suffering from chronic HCV infection. In light of the limited access to these drugs, high costs, and a lot of undiagnosed cases, it is expected that the number of HCV cases will not decrease worldwide in the next years. Therefore, and due to the paradigmatic character of HCV for deciphering the crosstalk between viral pathogens and the host cell, characterization of HCV life cycle remains a challenge. HCV belongs to the family of Flaviviridae. As an enveloped virus HCV life cycle depends in many steps on intracellular trafficking. Rab GTPases, a large family of small GTPases, play a central role in intracellular trafficking processes controlling fusion, uncoating, vesicle budding, motility by recruiting specific effector proteins. This review describes the relevance of various Rab proteins for the different steps of the HCV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Elgner
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Daniela Bender
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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17
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Zhang Y, Whaley-Connell AT, Sowers JR, Ren J. Autophagy as an emerging target in cardiorenal metabolic disease: From pathophysiology to management. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 191:1-22. [PMID: 29909238 PMCID: PMC6195437 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although advances in medical technology and health care have improved the early diagnosis and management for cardiorenal metabolic disorders, the prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and kidney disease remains high. Findings from numerous population-based studies, clinical trials, and experimental evidence have consolidated a number of theories for the pathogenesis of cardiorenal metabolic anomalies including resistance to the metabolic action of insulin, abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative and nitrosative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence has recently suggested a pivotal role for proteotoxicity, the unfavorable effects of poor protein quality control, in the pathophysiology of metabolic dysregulation and related cardiovascular complications. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy-lysosomal pathways, two major although distinct cellular clearance machineries, govern protein quality control by degradation and clearance of long-lived or damaged proteins and organelles. Ample evidence has depicted an important role for protein quality control, particularly autophagy, in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. To this end, autophagy offers promising targets for novel strategies to prevent and treat cardiorenal metabolic diseases. Targeting autophagy using pharmacological or natural agents exhibits exciting new strategies for the growing problem of cardiorenal metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Adam T Whaley-Connell
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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18
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Feng Q, Yao J, Zhou G, Xia W, Lyu J, Li X, Zhao T, Zhang G, Zhao N, Yang J. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals That Arctigenin Alleviates Concanavalin A-Induced Hepatitis Through Suppressing Immune System and Regulating Autophagy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1881. [PMID: 30177931 PMCID: PMC6109684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis is a well-established experimental model for immune-mediated liver injury. It has been widely used in the therapeutic studies of immune hepatitis. The in-depth analysis of dysregulated proteins from comparative proteomic results indicated that the activation of immune system resulted in the deregulation of autophagy. Follow-up studies validated that some immune related proteins, including Stat1, Pkr, Atg7, and Adrm1, were indeed upregulated. The accumulations of LC3B-II and p62 were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. Arctigenin pretreatment significantly alleviated the liver injury, as evidenced by biochemical and histopathological investigations, whose protective effects were comparable with Prednisone acetate and Cyclosporin A. Arctigenin pretreatment decreased the levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ, but increased the ones of IL-10. Next, the quantitative proteomic analysis demonstrated that ARC pretreatment suppressed the activation of immune system through the inhibition of IFN-γ signaling, when it downregulated the protein expressions of Stat1, P-Stat1, Pkr, P-Pkr, Bnip3, Beclin1, Atg7, LC3B, Adrm1, and p62. Meanwhile, Arctigenin pretreatment also reduced the gene expressions of Stat1, Pkr, and Atg7. These results suggested that Arctigenin alleviated autophagy as well as apoptosis through inhibiting IFN-γ/IL-6/Stat1 pathway and IL-6/Bnip3 pathway. In summary, the comparative proteomic analysis revealed that the activation of immune system led to Concanavalin A-induced hepatitis. Both autophagy and apoptosis had important clinical implications for the treatment of immune hepatitis. Arctigenin might exert great therapeutic potential in immune-mediated liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Center for New Drug Pharmacological Research of Lunan Pharmaceutical Group, State Key Laboratory, Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Jingchun Yao
- Center for New Drug Pharmacological Research of Lunan Pharmaceutical Group, State Key Laboratory, Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Ge Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenkai Xia
- Center for New Drug Pharmacological Research of Lunan Pharmaceutical Group, State Key Laboratory, Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Jingang Lyu
- Center for New Drug Pharmacological Research of Lunan Pharmaceutical Group, State Key Laboratory, Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Xin Li
- Center for New Drug Pharmacological Research of Lunan Pharmaceutical Group, State Key Laboratory, Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Center for New Drug Pharmacological Research of Lunan Pharmaceutical Group, State Key Laboratory, Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- Center for New Drug Pharmacological Research of Lunan Pharmaceutical Group, State Key Laboratory, Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China.,School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Ningwei Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Shimadzu Biomedical Research Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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19
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The functional role of exosome in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:2085-2095. [PMID: 30062486 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide with limited therapeutic options. Exosome is a member of extracellular vesicles that can be released by different cells in liver to communicate with other cells. HCC development has been characterized by a dysfunction of exosome regulation through many molecular mechanisms. The aim of the present review is to summarize the literature on exosomes in HCC, their roles in hepatocarcinogenesis from liver disease, molecules exchange between tumor cells and neighboring cells, metastasis, chemoresistant, immunosuppression, early diagnose and therapy application. METHODS Literatures about HCC and exosomes from PubMed databases were reviewed in this article. RESULTS As our review described, exosomes can induce malignant transformation of liver disease via promoting viral diffusion and inflammation, exchange oncogenic factors between tumor cells, sustain tumor growth by neighboring stromal cells, play a important role in metastasis, trigger chemoresistance through transmitting long noncoding RNAs, stimulate immune activation as well as immune evasion, be utilized in biomarkers discovery and therapeutic options. CONCLUSIONS Available data suggested that exosomes may play an important role in HCC development. More studies on the way that exosomes mediated the HCC progression are needed to promote the clinical utilization of exosomes.
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20
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Loftis JM, Valerio J, Taylor J, Huang E, Hudson R, Taylor-Young P, Chang M, Ho SB, Dieperink E, Miranda JL, Hauser P. S100B and Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Blood as Potential Markers of Blood-Brain Barrier Damage and Psychiatric Impairment in Comorbid Hepatitis C Viral Infection and Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:10.1111/acer.13796. [PMID: 29953169 PMCID: PMC6310679 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and alcohol use disorder (AUD) both adversely affect the immune system resulting in alterations in immune cell signaling and inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to investigate how comorbid AUD contributes to abnormalities in inflammatory mediators and psychiatric impairments in adults with HCV. METHODS Alcohol use, mood, and inflammatory factors were evaluated at 3 time points (baseline, week 4, and week 12) in Veterans with HCV, with (n = 42) and without (n = 13) comorbid AUD. Peripheral indices of immune activation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage (S100 calcium-binding protein B [S100B]), liver function, and viral load were measured using immunoassays and polymerase chain reaction assays. RESULTS Comorbid AUD was associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety, elevated levels of liver enzymes, and altered expression of inflammatory factors. Alcohol consumption was positively correlated with the severity of psychiatric symptoms. Univariate analysis identified significant group differences in interleukin (IL)-8 (p = 0.006), IL-10 (p = 0.03), and S100B (p = 0.048), with increased levels in participants with AUD, which persisted over time despite reductions in alcohol use and no significant change in HCV viral load. Statistically significant effects of study group or time were not found for the other immune factors assessed. Exploratory receiver operating characteristic curve analysis evaluated the ability of IL-8, IL-10, and S100B to differentiate between levels of alcohol consumption and generated biomarker cutoff values used to identify low risk and unhealthy alcohol use groups. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that HCV and comorbid AUD are associated with greater psychiatric impairments, potentially resulting from increased inflammation, dysregulated cytokine expression, and compromised BBB function. Alcohol-induced BBB damage may increase the risk of neuropathological consequences within the context of chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Loftis
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Juno Valerio
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jonathan Taylor
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Elaine Huang
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rebekah Hudson
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Patricia Taylor-Young
- Nursing Research Department, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael Chang
- Gastroenterology, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Internal Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Samuel B. Ho
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric Dieperink
- Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Juan Luis Miranda
- VA Long Beach Health Care System, 5901 E 7th St, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Peter Hauser
- VA Long Beach Health Care System, 5901 E 7th St, Long Beach, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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21
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Oushy S, Hellwinkel JE, Wang M, Nguyen GJ, Gunaydin D, Harland TA, Anchordoquy TJ, Graner MW. Glioblastoma multiforme-derived extracellular vesicles drive normal astrocytes towards a tumour-enhancing phenotype. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2016.0477. [PMID: 29158308 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating tumour with abysmal prognoses. We desperately need novel approaches to understand GBM biology and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed nanospheres released locally and systemically by all cells, including tumours, with tremendous potential for intercellular communication. Tumour EVs manipulate their local environments as well as distal targets; EVs may be a mechanism for tumourigenesis in the recurrent GBM setting. We hypothesized that GBM EVs drive molecular changes in normal human astrocytes (NHAs), yielding phenotypically tumour-promoting, or even tumourigenic, entities. We incubated NHAs with GBM EVs and examined the astrocytes for changes in cell migration, cytokine release and tumour cell growth promotion via the conditioned media. We measured alterations in intracellular signalling and transformation capacity (astrocyte growth in soft agar). GBM EV-treated NHAs displayed increased migratory capacity, along with enhanced cytokine production which promoted tumour cell growth. GBM EV-treated NHAs developed tumour-like signalling patterns and exhibited colony formation in soft agar, reminiscent of tumour cells themselves. GBM EVs modify the local environment to benefit the tumour itself, co-opting neighbouring astrocytes to promote tumour growth, and perhaps even driving astrocytes to a tumourigenic phenotype. Such biological activities could have profound impacts in the recurrent GBM setting.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Extracellular vesicles and the tumour microenvironment'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soliman Oushy
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Justin E Hellwinkel
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mary Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ger J Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dicle Gunaydin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tessa A Harland
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas J Anchordoquy
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael W Graner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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22
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The role of mitochondria in cellular toxicity as a potential drug target. Cell Biol Toxicol 2018; 34:87-91. [PMID: 29511917 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-018-9425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial malfunction is related to aging and to the onset of many diseases, such as obesity/diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The molecular principles of biological and toxicological processes the mitochondria can regulate should be disease-specific, cell type-specific, and drug targetable. Mitochondrial biology and toxicology is evolving and undergoing a revolution through fast-developing biotechnologies garnering increasing attention due to the importance of targeted therapies. Mitochondrial energy production and metabolism are conducted via post-mitochondrial signaling, and are controlled by extra-mitochondrial pathways. Mitochondrial biology and toxicology has a history spanning over 30 years and is one of the main scientific focuses at Cell Biology and Toxicology. It is our aim to pioneer innovations of mitochondrial biology and toxicology to improve the understanding, highlight the latest development, and find mitochondria-based targets for therapies. It is expected to know how drugs can initiate mitochondrial dysfunction, the role of nuclear messages in regulating mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA), and how mitochondria communicate between or with other cells. Further studies are crucial to discover how mitochondria control the process of immune response, autophagy/mitophagy, genome activation, and cell interaction. It is also needed to innovate how the transcription is started and terminated within mitochondria, the cytosolic proteins and other organelles interact with mitochondria, and MtDNA regulates the function of mitochondrial respiratory megacomplexes.
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23
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Li ZY, Wu YF, Xu XC, Zhou JS, Wang Y, Shen HH, Chen ZH. Autophagy as a double-edged sword in pulmonary epithelial injury: a review and perspective. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L207-L217. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00562.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary epithelial cells form the first line of defense of human airways against foreign irritants and also represent as the primary injury target of these pathogenic assaults. Autophagy is a revolutionary conserved ubiquitous process by which cytoplasmic materials are delivered to lysosomes for degradation when facing environmental and/or developmental changes, and emerging evidence suggests that autophagy plays pivotal but controversial roles in pulmonary epithelial injury. Here we review recent studies focusing on the roles of autophagy in regulating airway epithelial injury induced by various stimuli. Articles eligible for this purpose are divided into two groups according to the eventual roles of autophagy, either protective or deleterious. From the evidence summarized in this review, we draw several conclusions as follows: 1) in all cases when autophagy is decreased from its basal level, autophagy is protective; 2) when autophagy is deleterious, it is generally upregulated by stimulation; and 3) a plausible conclusion is that the endosomal/exosomal pathways may be associated with the deleterious function of autophagy in airway epithelial injury, although this needs to be clarified in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Yang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang; and
| | - Yin-Fang Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang; and
| | - Xu-Chen Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang; and
| | - Jie-Sen Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang; and
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang; and
| | - Hua-Hao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang; and
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang; and
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24
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Qian M, Fang X, Wang X. Autophagy and inflammation. Clin Transl Med 2017; 6:24. [PMID: 28748360 PMCID: PMC5529308 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-017-0154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a homeostatic mechanism involved in the disposal of damaged organelles, denatured proteins as well as invaded pathogens through a lysosomal degradation pathway. Recently, increasing evidences have demonstrated its role in both innate and adaptive immunity, and thereby influence the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. The detection of autophagy machinery facilitated the measurement of autophagy during physiological and pathophysiological processes. Autophagy plays critical roles in inflammation through influencing the development, homeostasis and survival of inflammatory cells, including macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes; effecting the transcription, processing and secretion of a number of cytokines, as well as being regulated by cytokines. Recently, autophagy-dependent mechanisms have been studied in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, including infectious diseases, Crohn’s disease, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and so on. These studies suggested that modulation of autophagy might lead to therapeutic interventions for diseases associated with inflammation. Here we highlight recent advances in investigating the roles of autophagy in inflammation as well as inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Qian
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaocong Fang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University Medical School, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Zhang X, Wang G, Yang C, Huang J, Chen X, Zhou J, Li G, Norvienyeku J, Wang Z. A HOPS Protein, MoVps41, Is Crucially Important for Vacuolar Morphogenesis, Vegetative Growth, Reproduction and Virulence in Magnaporthe oryzae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1091. [PMID: 28713398 PMCID: PMC5492488 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The homotypic fusion and protein sorting protein complex (HOPS) is the first known tether complex identified in the endocytic system that plays a key role in promoting homotypic vacuolar fusion, vacuolar biogenesis and trafficking in a wide range of organisms, including plant and fungi. However, the exact influence of the HOPS complex on growth, reproduction and pathogenicity of the economically destructive rice blast fungus has not been investigated. In this study, we identified M. oryzae vacuolar protein sorting 41 (MoVps41) an accessory subunit of HOPS complex and used targeted gene deletion approach to evaluate its contribution to growth, reproduction and infectious life cycle of the rice blast fungus. Corresponding results obtained from this study showed that MoVps41 is required for optimum vegetative development of M. oryzae and observed that MoVps41 deletion mutant displayed defective vegetative growth. Our investigation further showed that MoVps41 deletion triggered vacuolar fragmentation, compromised membrane integrity and pathogenesis of the ΔMovps41 mutant. Our studies also showed for the first time that MoVps41 plays an essential role in the regulation of sexual and asexual reproduction of M. oryzae. In summary, our study provides insight into how MoVps41 mediated vacuolar fusion and biogenesis influences reproduction, pathogenesis, and vacuolar integrity in M. oryzae and also underscores the need to holistically investigate the HOPS complex in rice blast pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Chengdong Yang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Guangpu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma CityOK, United States
| | - Justice Norvienyeku
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Justice Norvienyeku, Zonghua Wang,
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops and College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Ocean Science, Minjiang UniversityFuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Justice Norvienyeku, Zonghua Wang,
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26
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Is Mitochondrial Cell Fragility a Cell Weakness? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1038:107-116. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6674-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Epithelial Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Lung Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1038:201-217. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6674-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Roles of Mitochondrial DNA Signaling in Immune Responses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1038:39-53. [PMID: 29178068 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6674-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays an important role in immune responses during the evolution. The present chapter systemically describes its role on immune-related diseases and its interaction on immune responses. It is important to explore the main function and mechanisms of mtDNA in immune responses by which mtDNA regulates the signaling pathways of Toll-like receptor 9, autophagy, and STING. There are potentials to discover therapeutic targets of mtDNA in immune diseases and inflammation. It will be more exciting if the CRISPR-Cas9 method can be applied for mtDNA gene editing to cure diseases and provide a novel insight of mtDNA in immune responses as well as new therapies.
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29
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Liu F, Sanin DE, Wang X. Mitochondrial DNA in Lung Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1038:9-22. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6674-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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30
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Qian M, Spada C, Wang X. Approach, Application, and Bioethics of mtDNA Sequencing in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1038:23-38. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6674-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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31
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Zhang L, Reyes A, Wang X. The Role of DNA Repair in Maintaining Mitochondrial DNA Stability. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1038:85-105. [PMID: 29178071 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6674-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital double-membrane organelles that act as a "powerhouse" inside the cell and have essential roles to maintain cellular functions, e.g., ATP production, iron-sulfur synthesis metabolism, and steroid synthesis. An important difference with other organelles is that they contain their own mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Such powerful organelles are also sensitive to both endogenous and exogenous factors that can cause lesions to their structural components and their mtDNA, resulting in gene mutations and eventually leading to diseases. In this review, we will mainly focus on mammalian mitochondrial DNA repair pathways that safeguard mitochondrial DNA integrity and several important factors involved in the repair process, especially on an essential pathway, base excision repair. We eagerly anticipate to explore more methods to treat related diseases by constantly groping for these complexes and precise repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.
| | - Aurelio Reyes
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.
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