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Giesbrecht GF, van de Wouw M, Watts D, Perdue MV, Graham S, Lai BPY, Tomfohr-Madsen L, Lebel C. Language learning in the context of a global pandemic: proximal and distal factors matter. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03583-9. [PMID: 39294240 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic fundamentally altered the socioecological context in which children were developing. METHODS Using Bronfenbrenner's socioecological theory, we investigate language acquisition among 2-year-old children (n = 4037) born during the pandemic. We focus on "late talkers", defined as children below the 10th percentile on the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories-III. RESULTS Overall, the proportion of late talkers declined as a function of pandemic wave, with 13.0% of those born during the first wave classified as late talkers compared to 10.4% born in wave two, and 8.0% born during wave three. In sex-based analysis, we observed a 15.9% prevalence of late talking among female toddlers, which was significantly different from the norming sample. In contrast, the prevalence of late talking among male toddlers was 9.1%. Using hierarchical logistic regression to identify both proximal and distal factors associated with being a late talker, we found that male sex, lower socioeconomic status, greater screen time, receiving childcare at home, disruptions to childcare, and experiencing greater exposure to public health restrictions were associated with increased odds for being a late talker. CONCLUSION We interpret the findings in relation to the need to consider the special needs of young children in disaster preparation and response. IMPACT Two-year-old children acquiring language in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic have vocabulary size similar to historical norms. A higher-than-expected prevalence of late talkers (below the 10th percentile) was observed among females and children born during the first wave of the pandemic. Motivated by Bronfenbrenner's socioecological theory, we show that both proximal and distal environmental factors are associated with vocabulary size. Infants exposed to stricter public measures had reduced vocabulary size. The findings suggest a need to recognize the developmental needs of children as part of the public health response to emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald F Giesbrecht
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Marcel van de Wouw
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dana Watts
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Meaghan V Perdue
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Susan Graham
- Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Beatrice P Y Lai
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen
- Department of Counselling Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Jin W, Li B, Wang L, Zhu L, Chai S, Hou R. The causal association between gut microbiota and postpartum depression: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1415237. [PMID: 39286351 PMCID: PMC11402819 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1415237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background An escalating body of clinical trials and observational studies hints at a plausible link between gut flora and postpartum depression (PPD). The definitive causal dynamics between these two entities remain shrouded in ambiguity. Therefore, in this study, we employed the two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to ascertain the causal link between gut microbiota and PPD. Methods Summary-level GWAS data related to the human gut microbiota were obtained from the international consortium MiBioGen and the Dutch Microbiome Project (species). For PPD, GWAS data were derived from the FinnGen biobank, consisting 57,604 cases and 596,601 controls. The inverse variance weighted method (IVW) as the cornerstone of our analytical approach. Subsequent to this, a comprehensive suite of tests for pleiotropy and heterogeneity were conducted to ensure the reliability and robustness of our findings. Results We identified 12 bacterial taxa associated with the risk of PPD. Veillonellaceae, Ruminococcaceae UCG 011, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Paraprevotella clara, Clostridium leptum, Eubacterium siraeum, Coprococcus catus exhibited an inversely associated with the risk of PPD. Alphaproteobacteria, Roseburia, FamilyXIIIAD3011group, Alistipes onderdonkii, Bilophila wadsworthia showed a positive correlation with the risk of PPD. Limitations The GWAS data derived from the MiBioGen consortium, DMP, and FinnGen consortium, may introduce selection bias. Moreover, the data primarily originates from European populations, hence extrapolating these results to diverse populations should be approached with caution. The etiological factors behind PPD remain enigmatic, alluding to the existence of potential undisclosed confounders. Conclusion Based on this MR analysis, we found a causal relationship between certain gut microbial communities and PPD. Future clinical studies can further explore the treatment of PPD through the combined use of microorganisms. This not only offers insights into the pathogenesis of PPD but also lays the foundation for utilizing gut microbiota as biotherapeutics in treating neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Jin
- Medical Department, Sias University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bo Li
- Medical Department, Zhengzhou University of Industry Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Medical Department, Zhengzhou University of Industry Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Medical Department, Sias University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Songhao Chai
- Ultrasound Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Medical Department, Sias University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Pan B, Zhao C, Gong Y, Miao J, Zhang B, Li Y. Parent-Child Relationships: A Shield Against Maternal Depression in the Midst of Household Chaos. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:2769-2781. [PMID: 39070069 PMCID: PMC11283830 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s456739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Depression, a severe mental disorder, not only jeopardizes the health of mothers but also significantly negative impacts on families and their children. This study investigates the correlation between household chaos and maternal depression. Methods This study adopted a cross-sectional design and used the Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Parent-Child Relationship Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory to assess 1947 mothers of children in seven kindergartens in Shanghai, China. Results The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between household chaos, marital conflict, and maternal depression. Marital conflict also showed a significantly positively correlated with maternal depression. Marital conflict mediates the relationship between household chaos and maternal depression. Parent-child relationships moderated the direct effect of household chaos on maternal depression. When parent-child relationships were low, household chaos had a greater predictive effect on maternal depression. Conversely, when parent-child relationships were high, the predictive effect of household chaos on maternal depression was reduced. Conclusion This study reveals that parent-child relationships play a protective role in the impact of household chaos on maternal depression. This study significantly contributes to enriching the social support buffering model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocheng Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengli Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yizhao Gong
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxuan Miao
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingda Zhang
- College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Zhongqiao Vocational and Technical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Cui J, Zhai Q, Yang Z, Liu Y. The role of gut microbiota and blood metabolites in postpartum depression: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1416298. [PMID: 39050131 PMCID: PMC11266010 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1416298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common complication of pregnancy that imposes a heavy health and economic burden on individuals, families and society. The etiology of PPD is complex and incompletely defined, and recent studies have identified an important role for gut microbiota (GM) and their metabolites in neurological disorders. However, fewer studies on GM and PPD are available and have not yielded uniform results. Methods Instrumental variables for GM and blood metabolites were obtained from the MiBioGen consortium and metabolomics GWAS server. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with PPD phenotypes were obtained from the FinnGen consortium. Inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger methods were used to assess causal effects. Inverse MR analysis and sensitivity analysis were also utilized to improve the stability of the results. Results In this study, 5 intestinal species and 24 blood metabolites causally associated with PPD were identified using MR analysis. In addition, MR analysis showed that Prevotellaceae and Bifidobacteria may reduce the risk of PPD by elevating Xanthine and 1-arachidonoylglycerophosphoinositol (LysoPI) levels. Conclusions This study identified GM and blood metabolites causally associated with PPD. The results of this study may provide a theoretical basis for the discovery of PPD-related biomarkers and the treatment of the disease by regulating the gut microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qilong Zhai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Robinson LR, Bitsko RH, O'Masta B, Holbrook JR, Ko J, Barry CM, Maher B, Cerles A, Saadeh K, MacMillan L, Mahmooth Z, Bloomfield J, Rush M, Kaminski JW. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Parental Depression, Antidepressant Usage, Antisocial Personality Disorder, and Stress and Anxiety as Risk Factors for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2024; 25:272-290. [PMID: 35641729 PMCID: PMC10949950 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Poor parental mental health and stress have been associated with children's mental disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), through social, genetic, and neurobiological pathways. To determine the strength of the associations between parental mental health and child ADHD, we conducted a set of meta-analyses to examine the association of parent mental health indicators (e.g., parental depression, antidepressant usage, antisocial personality disorder, and stress and anxiety) with subsequent ADHD outcomes in children. Eligible ADHD outcomes included diagnosis or symptoms. Fifty-eight articles published from 1980 to 2019 were included. We calculated pooled effect sizes, accounting for each study's conditional variance, separately for test statistics based on ADHD as a dichotomous (e.g., diagnosis or clinical cutoffs) or continuous measurement (e.g., symptoms of ADHD subtypes of inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity). Parental stress and parental depression were significantly associated with increased risk for ADHD overall and both symptoms and diagnosis. Specifically, maternal stress and anxiety, maternal prenatal stress, maternal depression, maternal post-partum depression, and paternal depression were positively associated with ADHD. In addition, parental depression was associated with symptoms of ADHD inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive subtypes. Parental antisocial personality disorder was also positively associated with ADHD overall and specifically ADHD diagnosis. Prenatal antidepressant usage was associated with ADHD when measured dichotomously only. These findings raise the possibility that prevention strategies promoting parental mental health and addressing parental stress could have the potential for positive long-term impacts on child health, well-being, and behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R Robinson
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Rebecca H Bitsko
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Joseph R Holbrook
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jean Ko
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Caroline M Barry
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brion Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeanette Bloomfield
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer W Kaminski
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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K. L, Ganjekar S, K. S. M, H. S. V, Philip M, G. S, Rajaram D, Acharya S, Vaiphei K, A. R. S. Study on awareness and management based health action using video intervention (SAMBHAV) for postpartum depression among mothers attending immunisation clinic in a tertiary medical college hospital: Study protocol. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301357. [PMID: 38568902 PMCID: PMC10990171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregnancy exerts a detrimental effect on women's mental health. Maternal mental health is considered as one of the public health concerns as it impacts the health of both mother and the child. One in five people in developing countries experience serious mental health issues during pregnancy and after giving birth. In India, postpartum depression (PPD) affects 22% of women, according to a research by WHO. The available data on mental health literacy among women, showed that only 50.7% of the postpartum mothers who were attending paediatric tertiary care centres had adequate knowledge about PPD. It is crucial to diagnose early and adequately manage postpartum depression to avoid long-term consequences. It is also essential to seek help and utilise the available resources and services to avoid worsening of the condition and to aid in the recovery. This demonstrates the need to promote awareness, improve help seeking, reduce stigma and treatment gap associated with PPD through educational video intervention specific to cultural context and beliefs. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a quasi-experimental study without a control group that attempts to improve the awareness among the mothers about postpartum depression to understand better about the condition and also its management through video intervention. The video intervention will be developed in regional language specific to the cultural context of the setting. The video script will be finalised from the findings of the available literature and also through focus group discussion among mothers and health care professionals which will be analysed qualitatively using thematic identification. The study will use a standardized Postpartum Depression Literacy Scale (PoDLIS) which will be quantitatively analysed using paired t test before and after the intervention. Repeated measures of ANOVA will also be used to analyse the changes in literacy scale scores with respect to socio demographic variables. The mothers will also be screened for PPD using Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ 9) and feedback will be collected and analysed to find the overall usefulness of video. DISCUSSION If it becomes apparent that this video intervention is successful in raising awareness of PPD among postpartum mothers and reducing stigma, it can be used to aid early identification of mothers with PPD which can result in early management and improved health outcome for both mothers and children. The major goals of the video intervention are to raise awareness, lessen stigma, and prevent PPD through strong family support, adopting healthy lifestyles, having access to information, practising self-care, and enhancing help-seeking. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered under the Clinical Trial Registry- India (CTRI) (CTRI/2023/03/050836). The current study adheres to the SPIRIT Guidelines [See S1 Checklist: SPIRIT Guidelines].
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha K.
- Department of Mental Health Education, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sundarnag Ganjekar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Meena K. S.
- Department of Mental Health Education, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Virupaksha H. S.
- Department of Psychiatry, Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mariamma Philip
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suman G.
- Department of Community Medicine, Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinesh Rajaram
- Department of Community Medicine, Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Swathi Acharya
- Department of Mental Health Education, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kimneihat Vaiphei
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Somshekhar A. R.
- Department of Pediatrics, Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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El-Heis S, Barton SJ, Chang HF, Nield H, Cox V, Galani S, Cutfield W, Chan SY, Godfrey KM. Maternal mood, anxiety and mental health functioning after combined myo-inositol, probiotics, micronutrient supplementation from preconception: Findings from the NiPPeR RCT. Psychiatry Res 2024; 334:115813. [PMID: 38402742 PMCID: PMC11137872 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Observational studies have reported associations between nutrition during pregnancy and mental wellbeing. As secondary outcomes, the NiPPeR double-blind randomized trial in women planning conception investigated whether a myo-inositol, probiotics and enriched micronutrients formulation (intervention) taken preconception and throughout pregnancy could improve mental wellbeing during pregnancy and post-delivery, compared with a standard micronutrient supplement (control). Mood and anxiety symptoms were ascertained (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-state)) at preconception (baseline), 7, 28 and 34 weeks gestation, 3-weeks and 6-months post-delivery. EPDS>=13 was categorised as low mood; STAI-state>=45 as high anxiety. Change in mental health functioning was assessed as difference between preconception baseline and 6-month post-delivery 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12v2) mental component scores. Adjusting for site, ethnicity and baseline scores, there were no robust differences in EPDS and STAI-state scores between intervention and control groups across pregnancy (n = 630) and post-delivery (n = 532). Compared to controls, intervention group women averaged a 1.21 (95 %CI 0.04,2.39) higher change in SF-12v2 mental component score from preconception to 6-months post-delivery. Taking a myo-inositol, micronutrient and probiotic supplement during preconception/pregnancy had no effect on mood and anxiety, but there was evidence of a modest improvement in mental health functioning from preconception to 6-months post-delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah El-Heis
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
| | - Sheila J Barton
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Hsin Fang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 119228
| | - Heidi Nield
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Cox
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Sevasti Galani
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Wayne Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 119228; Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, 117609, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
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Campbell SA, Bradley HA, Mulder RT, Henderson JMT, Dixon L, Haslett LC, Rucklidge JJ. Effect of antenatal micronutrient or antidepressant exposure on Brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale (NBAS) performance within one-month of birth. Early Hum Dev 2024; 190:105948. [PMID: 38367590 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.105948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal depression is a risk factor for poor infant outcomes. Broad-spectrum-micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) have shown efficacy in treating psychiatric symptoms in non-pregnant populations and are associated with reduced incidence of adverse birth outcomes, and improvements in neonatal development. We investigated the effects of treatment of antenatal depression with micronutrients above the Recommended Dietary Allowance on infant development compared to treatment with antidepressant medications and controls. METHOD One-hundred-and-three infants were assessed using the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) within 28 days of birth: 37 exposed to micronutrients in-utero (50-182 days exposure), 18 to antidepressants in-utero (exposure for full gestation), and 48 controls whose mothers received neither treatment nor experienced depressive symptoms. RESULTS Controlling for gestational age and parity, there were significant group differences on habituation, orientation, motor, state regulation, autonomic stability and reflexes (p < .05). Micronutrient-exposed performed better than antidepressant-exposed and controls on habituation, motor and autonomic stability (p < .05), effect sizes ranged 1.0-1.7 and 0.5-1.0, respectively. Antidepressant-exposed performed significantly worse on orientation and reflexes compared to micronutrient-exposed and controls. Micronutrient-exposed had significantly better state regulation compared to antidepressant-exposed. There was an association between micronutrient exposure length and better habituation (r = 0.41, p = .028). Micronutrient exposure was generally identified as a stronger predictor of neonatal performance over maternal depression, social adversity, gestational age and infant sex. CONCLUSION In-utero micronutrient exposure appears to mitigate risks of depression on infant outcomes showing positive effects on infant behavior, on par with or better than typical pregnancies and superior to antidepressants. Limitations include differential exposure to micronutrients/antidepressants and lack of group blinding.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Campbell
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - H A Bradley
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - R T Mulder
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - J M T Henderson
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - L Dixon
- New Zealand College of Midwives, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - L C Haslett
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - J J Rucklidge
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
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Power J, Watson S, Chen W, Lewis A, van IJzendoorn M, Galbally M. The trajectory of maternal perinatal depressive symptoms predicts executive function in early childhood. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7953-7963. [PMID: 37781906 PMCID: PMC10755237 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal maternal depression may affect fetal neurodevelopment directly or indirectly via exposures such as smoking, alcohol, or antidepressant use. The relative contribution of these risk factors on child executive function (EF) has not been explored systematically. METHODS A prospective pregnancy cohort of 197 women and their children was studied to determine whether maternal depression diagnosis and the trajectory of maternal depressive symptoms (MDSs) from early pregnancy to 12 months postpartum predicts child EF at age 4 (measured using the preschool age psychiatric assessment, NEPSY-II, and Shape School task) using latent growth curve modeling. Indirect effects of smoking, alcohol, and antidepressant use were also formally tested. RESULTS Increasing maternal perinatal depressive symptoms over time predicted more inattentive symptoms, poorer switching, and motor inhibition, but not cognitive inhibition. When adjusted for multiple comparison, and after accounting for maternal cognition and education, the association with child inattentive symptoms remained significant. However, diagnosed depression did not predict child EF outcomes. Prenatal exposure to smoking, alcohol, and antidepressants also did not mediate pathways from depressive symptoms to EF outcomes. Our findings were limited by sample size and statistical power to detect outcome effects of smaller effect size. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that increasing MDSs over the perinatal period is associated with poorer EF outcomes in children at age 4 - independent of prenatal smoking, drinking, or antidepressant use. Depressive chronicity, severity, and postpartum influences may play crucial roles in determining childhood outcomes of EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Power
- School of Clinical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart Watson
- School of Clinical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Wai Chen
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Perth, Australia
- Graduate School of Education, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Curtin enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Centre of Healthy Aging, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew Lewis
- Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, VIC, Australia
| | - Marinus van IJzendoorn
- School of Clinical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Megan Galbally
- School of Clinical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Mafla AC, Orozco-Tovar AE, Ortiz-Gómez F, Ortiz-Pizán ÁJ, González-Ruano AV, Schwendicke F. Association between psychological factors and molar-incisor hypomineralization: A cross-sectional study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2023. [PMID: 38013224 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental enamel defect characterized by opacities from white to brownish color. A suspected multifactorial etiology has been suggested, whereas psychological factors during pregnancy have only been limitedly analyzed. AIM We assessed the association between stress, depression, and anxiety in pregnancy and the presence of MIH in children at a later age. DESIGN Using a cross-sectional Web-based questionnaire, we included 384 mothers who had children aged 6 and 12 years from Pasto, Colombia. Data were collected between October 2021 and March 2022. Sociodemographic variables; maternal and child factors related to prenatal, natal, or postnatal problems; and psychological factors such as stress and symptoms of anxiety and depression in pregnancy were inquired. Utilizing photographs depicting MIH lesions, mothers assessed their child's MIH status. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) analysis was performed to create causal assumptions, and logistic regression models were estimated to evaluate these assumptions. p-value was set at p < .05. RESULTS The prevalence of MIH was 33.3%; 12.8% of the participants exhibited hypomineralization in both molars and incisors. DAG analysis and logistic regression models determined that MIH (present or not) was associated with symptoms of maternal depression (ORadj = 3.26, 95% CI: 1.92-5.52, p < .001), and MIH (both molars and incisors) was associated with symptoms of maternal anxiety (ORadj = 3.49, 95% CI: 1.80-6.76, p < .001). CONCLUSION Psychological factors, among others, were significantly associated with the presence of MIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Mafla
- School of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Pasto, Colombia
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Falk Schwendicke
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Bird A, Reese E, Salmon K, Waldie K, Peterson E, Atatoa-Carr P, Morton S. Maternal depressive symptoms and child language development: Exploring potential pathways through observed and self-reported mother-child verbal interactions. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37969026 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Maternal depressive symptoms (MDS) in the postnatal period may impact children's later development through poorer quality parent-child interactions. The current study tested a specific pathway from MDS (child age 9 months) to child receptive vocabulary (4 ½ years) through both self-reported and observed parent-child verbal interactions (at both 2 and 4 ½ years). Participants (n = 4,432) were part of a large, diverse, contemporary pre-birth national cohort study: Growing Up in New Zealand. Results indicated a direct association between greater MDS at 9 months and poorer receptive vocabulary at age 4 ½ years. There was support for an indirect pathway through self-reported parent-child verbal interactions at 2 years and through observed parent-child verbal interactions at 4 ½ years. A moderated mediation effect was also found: the indirect effect of MDS on child vocabulary through observed verbal interaction was supported for families living in areas of greater socioeconomic deprivation. Overall, findings support the potential role of parent-child verbal interactions as a mechanism for the influence of MDS on later child language development. This pathway may be particularly important for families experiencing socioeconomic adversity, suggesting that effective and appropriate supportive parenting interventions be preferentially targeted to reduce inequities in child language outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Bird
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Karen Salmon
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Susan Morton
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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12
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Chad-Friedman S, Zhang I, Donohue K, Chad-Friedman E, Rich BA. Reciprocal associations between parental depression and child cognition: Pathways to children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37929632 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Parental depression is a risk factor for children's cognitive and psychological development. Literature has found reciprocal relations between parental depression and child psychopathology and effects of parental depression on children's cognition. The present study is the first to examine reciprocity among parental depression and child cognition, and pathways to child psychopathology. Structural equation models were conducted using data from the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project, a nationally representative sample of 3,001 economically marginalized families. Measures were collected in four waves from 14 months to 10-11 years. Reciprocal associations emerged between maternal and paternal depression at from 14 months to 5 years. Reciprocal parental depression was associated with greater psychopathology at age 10-11. Maternal depression predicted poorer child cognition, which indirectly predicted increased depression in mothers of children aged 3-5 through paternal depression, and in fathers at age 3, through earlier paternal depression. This study was unable to parse within- and between-person effects. Additionally, data for paternal depression was limited to ages 2 and 3. Findings emphasize the transactional nature of child cognition and child and parent psychopathology, supporting family focused intervention and prevention efforts that target parent psychopathology and child cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Chad-Friedman
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Irene Zhang
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kristyn Donohue
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Brendan A Rich
- Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
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13
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Boerma T, Ter Haar S, Ganga R, Wijnen F, Blom E, Wierenga CJ. What risk factors for Developmental Language Disorder can tell us about the neurobiological mechanisms of language development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 154:105398. [PMID: 37741516 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Language is a complex multidimensional cognitive system that is connected to many neurocognitive capacities. The development of language is therefore strongly intertwined with the development of these capacities and their neurobiological substrates. Consequently, language problems, for example those of children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD), are explained by a variety of etiological pathways and each of these pathways will be associated with specific risk factors. In this review, we attempt to link previously described factors that may interfere with language development to putative underlying neurobiological mechanisms of language development, hoping to uncover openings for future therapeutical approaches or interventions that can help children to optimally develop their language skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessel Boerma
- Institute for Language Sciences, Department of Languages, Literature and Communication, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sita Ter Haar
- Institute for Language Sciences, Department of Languages, Literature and Communication, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cognitive Neurobiology and Helmholtz Institute, Department of Psychology, Utrecht University/Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rachida Ganga
- Institute for Language Sciences, Department of Languages, Literature and Communication, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Wijnen
- Institute for Language Sciences, Department of Languages, Literature and Communication, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elma Blom
- Department of Development and Education of youth in Diverse Societies (DEEDS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Language and Culture, The Arctic University of Norway UiT, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Corette J Wierenga
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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14
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Saleh A, Perumal N, Muhihi A, Duggan CP, Ulenga N, Al-Beity FMA, Aboud S, Fawzi WW, Manji KP, Sudfeld CR. Associations Between Social Support and Symptoms of Antenatal Depression with Infant Growth and Development Among Mothers Living with HIV in Tanzania. AIDS Behav 2023; 27:3584-3595. [PMID: 37140717 PMCID: PMC10592034 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Children born to mothers living with HIV may experience greater risk of poor growth and development outcomes than their HIV-unexposed peers. Few studies have examined the relationship between maternal depression and social support with infant growth and development in the context of HIV. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 2,298 pregnant women living with HIV in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, assessing antenatal depression (Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25) and social support (Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire) at 12-27 weeks of gestation. At one-year age, infant anthropometry and caregiver-reported infant development were assessed. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess mean differences (MD) and relative risks (RR) for growth and developmental outcomes. Symptoms consistent with maternal antenatal depression had 67% prevalence and were associated with infant wasting (RR 2.61; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-6.65; z = 2.02; p = 0.04), but no other growth or developmental outcomes. Greater maternal social support was not associated with infant growth outcomes. Greater affective support was associated with better cognitive (MD 0.18; CI 0.01-0.35; z = 2.14; p = 0.03) and motor (MD 0.16; CI 0.01-0.31; z = 2.04; p = 0.04) development scores. Greater instrumental support was associated with better cognitive (MD 0.26; CI 0.10-0.42; z = 3.15; p < 0.01), motor (MD 0.17; CI 0.02-0.33; z = 2.22; p = 0.03), and overall (MD 0.19; CI 0.03-0.35; z = 2.35; p = 0.02) development scores. Depressive symptoms were associated with greater risk of wasting, while social support was associated with better infant development scores. Strategies to improve mental health and social support for mothers living with HIV during the antenatal period may benefit infant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Saleh
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nandita Perumal
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alfa Muhihi
- Africa Academy for Public Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Community Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Christopher P Duggan
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nzovu Ulenga
- Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Fadhlun M Alwy Al-Beity
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Said Aboud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karim P Manji
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Christopher R Sudfeld
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Zhang S, Lu B, Wang G. The role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of postpartum depression. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2023; 22:36. [PMID: 37759312 PMCID: PMC10523734 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-023-00469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common complication of pregnancy in women, and its pathogenesis mainly involves disturbances of the neuroendocrine regulation, immune system, neurotransmitters, hormone secretion, and the gut microbiome. Gut microbes play essential physiological and pathological roles in the gut-brain axis' pathways which are involved in various central nervous system (CNS) and psychiatric disorders, including PPD. Numerous studies have identified the fundamental role of the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis and treatment of PPD patients and also correlates with other pathogenic mechanisms of PPD. Disturbances in gut microbes are associated with the disruption of multiple signaling pathways and systems that ultimately lead to PPD development. This review aimed to elucidate the potential connections between gut microbes and the established PPD network, and this might serve as a guide for the development of new efficient diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic strategies in the management of PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baili Lu
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China.
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16
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Scarlett H, Moirangthem S, van der Waerden J. The impact of paternal mental illness on child development: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:10.1007/s00787-023-02261-1. [PMID: 37540476 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Whilst there is growing evidence highlighting the importance of paternal mental illness (PMI) on child development, this relationship still remains under-studied and often over-looked. Considering the increasingly active role of fathers in their children's upbringing, a comprehensive overview of the impact of PMI on child development is overdue. This study aimed to combine and synthesise currently available evidence on the relationship between PMI and multiple domains of child development. Narrative synthesis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the relationship between PMI and child development (mental health and social, emotional, language, cognitive or adaptive behaviour), published between 1980 to December 2021, was conducted in line with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Review quality was assessed based on AMSTAR-2 criteria and respective study confidence was interpreted in line with GRADE scoring. All relevant meta-analytic effect sizes were converted to odds ratios (OR) and grouped using a random effects model. Grouped meta-analyses saw PMI to have a significant, detrimental effect on all studied domains of child development [OR: 1.54; 95% CI (1.36-1.74)]. Subgroup analyses saw PMI affecting both internalising [OR: 1.62; 95% CI (1.27-2.08)] and externalising [OR: 1.63; 95% CI (1.28-2.08)] child behaviours to a similar extent. However, included reviews were of poor methodological quality, demonstrating either low or critically low confidence. These results show a consistent and influential effect of PMI on child development. The relationship between fathers' mental illness and child development warrants further investigation, as current research is limited in scope, particularly regarding cognitive domains of child development and non-affective PMI diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honor Scarlett
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie Et de Santé Publique, 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Simi Moirangthem
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie Et de Santé Publique, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Judith van der Waerden
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie Et de Santé Publique, 75012, Paris, France
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17
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Scheiber F, Nelson PM, Momany A, Ryckman KK, Ece Demir-Lira Ö. Parent mental health and child behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2023; 148:106888. [PMID: 36846210 PMCID: PMC9943737 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.106888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective Child behavior, which encompasses both internalizing and externalizing behaviors, is associated with many outcomes, including concurrent and future mental health, academic success, and social well-being. Thus, understanding sources of variability in child behavior is crucial for developing strategies aimed at equipping children with necessary resources. Parental mental health (PMH) difficulties and preterm birth may be risk factors for child behavior (CB) problems. Moreover, not only are PMH difficulties more common among parents of preterm children, but preterm children might also be more sensitive than full-term children to environmental stressors. In this study, we examined how PMH and CB changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, how change in PMH related to change in CB, and whether preterm children were more susceptible than full-term children to change in PMH. Methods Parents that participated in a study prior to the pandemic were invited to complete follow-up questionnaires during the pandemic about PMH and CB. Forty-eight parents completed follow-up questionnaires. Results Our results suggested that parental depression symptoms, children's internalizing symptoms, and children's externalizing symptoms significantly increased, and parental well-being significantly decreased during the pandemic. Change in parental depression symptoms, but not change in parental anxiety symptoms or parental well-being, was associated with change in children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Prematurity did not moderate change in PMH, change in CB, or the effect of change in PMH on change in CB. Conclusion Our findings have the potential to inform efforts aimed at equipping children with behavioral resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scheiber
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Paige M Nelson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Allison Momany
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Kelli K Ryckman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ö Ece Demir-Lira
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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18
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Dwarakanath M, Hossain F, Balascio P, Moore MC, Hill AV, De Genna NM. Barriers to Diagnosis of Postpartum Depression among Younger Black Mothers. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2500330. [PMID: 36824914 PMCID: PMC9949245 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2500330/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to qualitatively examine coping mechanisms and desired supports in pregnant and birthing Black and biracial adolescent and young adult women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Black and biracial participants ages 16-23 were recruited for virtual individual semi-structured interviews. Participants (n=25) were asked about pre- and post-natal experiences with the healthcare system, effects of the pandemic, and participants' experiences of or desires for ideal care within the healthcare system. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded for qualitative analysis using nVivo. Discussions around postpartum mental health evolved organically when asked about how participants were coping postpartum. Results: Nearly half the interviewees reported mental health symptoms consistent with postpartum depression (PPD). Of the 11 interviewees who reported mental health symptoms consistent with PPD, 2 were afraid to disclose their symptoms to a healthcare provider due to fear of child protective services involvement and their belief they would be treated unfairly because of their race. Conclusion: Clinicians who care for Black and biracial adolescent and young adult mothers must be particularly attuned to structural barriers for appropriate screening and treatment of postpartum depression. Expanding investigations of intersectional influences on young mothers' perinatal health and PPD are needed.
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Diemer MC, Paul RA, Gerstein ED. Health disparities associated with access to disability evaluations for toddlers in Early Head Start. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2023; 67:136-147. [PMID: 36575049 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this investigation was to examine developmental, sociodemographic and familial factors associated with parent reported access to an evaluation in an Early Head Start sample. Children with developmental disabilities often require evaluations to access early interventions, which can improve their long-term outcomes. METHODS This study (n = 191) examined how developmental, sociodemographic and parent factors at age 2 were associated with parent reporting the child being evaluated by age 3. Two logistic regression analyses were conducted. The first model included children at age 2 with scores at least in the monitoring zone of developmental risk, and the second model included children with high developmental risk. RESULTS The first model found that children in the monitoring zone of developmental risk were more likely to be evaluated per parent report if they were born preterm, male, with increased behaviour problems, higher economic risk, increased maternal education, increased parental depressive symptoms and in urban areas and less likely if they were of Black or Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, had no health insurance or more home disorganisation. The second model found that children with high developmental risk were less likely to be evaluated per parent report if they were female, of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, had better language skills and increased home disorganisation and more likely if their parents reported increased depressive symptoms or less economic risk. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights barriers associated with access to developmental and disability evaluations for children in at-risk families. Health disparities are negatively associated with children's access to evaluations, even when supported by systems like Early Head Start.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Diemer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - R A Paul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - E D Gerstein
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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20
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Zaccarelli-Magalhães J, Abreu GR, Fukushima AR, Pantaleon LP, Ribeiro BB, Munhoz C, Manes M, de Lima MA, Miglioli J, Flório JC, Lebrun I, Waziry PAF, Fonseca TL, Bocco BMLC, Bianco AC, Ricci EL, Spinosa HS. Postpartum depression in rats causes poor maternal care and neurochemical alterations on dams and long-lasting impairment in sociability on the offspring. Behav Brain Res 2023; 436:114082. [PMID: 36041571 PMCID: PMC10823501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum depression is a mentally disabling disease with multifactorial etiology that affects women worldwide. It can also influence child development and lead to behavioral and cognitive alterations. Despite the high prevalence, the disease is underdiagnosed and poorly studied. To study the postpartum depression caused by maternal separation model in rats, dams were separated from their litter for 3 h daily starting from lactating day (LD) 2 through LD12. Maternal studies were conducted from LD5 to LD21 and the offspring studies from postnatal day (PND) 2 through PND90. The stress caused by the dam-offspring separation led to poor maternal care and a transient increase in anxiety in the offspring detected during infancy. The female offspring also exhibited a permanent impairment in sociability during adult life. These changes were associated with neurochemical alterations in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and low TSH concentrations in the dams, and in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and striatum of the offspring. These results indicate that the postpartum depression resulted in a depressive phenotype, changes in the brain neurochemistry and in thyroid economy that remained until the end of lactation. Changes observed in the offspring were long-lasting and resemble what is observed in children of depressant mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zaccarelli-Magalhães
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Doutor Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-270 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel R Abreu
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Doutor Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-270 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André R Fukushima
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Doutor Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-270 São Paulo, Brazil; School of Health Sciences IGESP, Rua da Consolação, 1025, 01301-000 São Paulo, Brazil; Centro Universitário das Américas, Rua Augusta, 1508, 01304-001 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lorena P Pantaleon
- Health Science Institute, Presbyterian Mackenzie University, Rua da Consolação, 930, 01302-907 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz B Ribeiro
- Health Science Institute, Presbyterian Mackenzie University, Rua da Consolação, 930, 01302-907 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Munhoz
- Health Science Institute, Presbyterian Mackenzie University, Rua da Consolação, 930, 01302-907 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marianna Manes
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Doutor Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-270 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara A de Lima
- Centro Universitário das Américas, Rua Augusta, 1508, 01304-001 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlia Miglioli
- Centro Universitário das Américas, Rua Augusta, 1508, 01304-001 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge C Flório
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Doutor Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-270 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivo Lebrun
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula A F Waziry
- Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, United States
| | - Tatiana L Fonseca
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Bárbara M L C Bocco
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Antônio C Bianco
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Esther L Ricci
- School of Health Sciences IGESP, Rua da Consolação, 1025, 01301-000 São Paulo, Brazil; Health Science Institute, Presbyterian Mackenzie University, Rua da Consolação, 930, 01302-907 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helenice S Spinosa
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Doutor Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-270 São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Effects of maternal depression on maternal responsiveness and infants' expressive language abilities. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0277762. [PMID: 36630343 PMCID: PMC9833548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
High levels of maternal responsiveness are associated with healthy cognitive and emotional development in infants. However, depression and anxiety can negatively impact individual mothers' responsiveness levels and infants' expressive language abilities. Australian mother-infant dyads (N = 48) participated in a longitudinal study examining the effect of maternal responsiveness (when infants were 9- and 12-months), and maternal depression and anxiety symptoms on infant vocabulary size at 18-months. Global maternal responsiveness ratings were stronger predictors of infants' vocabulary size than levels of depression and anxiety symptoms. However, depression levels moderated the effect of maternal responsiveness on vocabulary size. These results highlight the importance of screening for maternal responsiveness-in addition to depression-to identify infants who may be at developmental risk. Also, mothers with elevated depression need support to first reduce their symptoms so that improvements in their responsiveness have the potential to be protective for their infant's language acquisition.
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22
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Fidilio A, Grasso M, Caruso G, Musso N, Begni V, Privitera A, Torrisi SA, Campolongo P, Schiavone S, Tascedda F, Leggio GM, Drago F, Riva MA, Caraci F. Prenatal stress induces a depressive-like phenotype in adolescent rats: The key role of TGF-β1 pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1075746. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1075746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful experiences early in life, especially in the prenatal period, can increase the risk to develop depression during adolescence. However, there may be important qualitative and quantitative differences in outcome of prenatal stress (PNS), where some individuals exposed to PNS are vulnerable and develop a depressive-like phenotype, while others appear to be resilient. PNS exposure, a well-established rat model of early life stress, is known to increase vulnerability to depression and a recent study demonstrated a strong interaction between transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene and PNS in the pathogenesis of depression. Moreover, it is well-known that the exposure to early life stress experiences induces brain oxidative damage by increasing nitric oxide levels and decreasing antioxidant factors. In the present work, we examined the role of TGF-β1 pathway in an animal model of adolescent depression induced by PNS obtained by exposing pregnant females to a stressful condition during the last week of gestation. We performed behavioral tests to identify vulnerable or resilient subjects in the obtained litters (postnatal day, PND > 35) and we carried out molecular analyses on hippocampus, a brain area with a key role in the pathogenesis of depression. We found that female, but not male, PNS adolescent rats exhibited a depressive-like behavior in forced swim test (FST), whereas both male and female PNS rats showed a deficit of recognition memory as assessed by novel object recognition test (NOR). Interestingly, we found an increased expression of type 2 TGF-β1 receptor (TGFβ-R2) in the hippocampus of both male and female resilient PNS rats, with higher plasma TGF-β1 levels in male, but not in female, PNS rats. Furthermore, PNS induced the activation of oxidative stress pathways by increasing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) and NOX2 levels in the hippocampus of both male and female PNS adolescent rats. Our data suggest that high levels of TGF-β1 and its receptor TGFβ-R2 can significantly increase the resiliency of adolescent rats to PNS, suggesting that TGF-β1 pathway might represent a novel pharmacological target to prevent adolescent depression in rats.
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23
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Rashidi M, Maier E, Dekel S, Sütterlin M, Wolf RC, Ditzen B, Grinevich V, Herpertz SC. Peripartum effects of synthetic oxytocin: The good, the bad, and the unknown. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104859. [PMID: 36087759 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first clinical applications of oxytocin (OT) were in obstetrics as a hormone to start and speed up labor and to control postpartum hemorrhage. Discoveries in the 1960s and 1970s revealed that the effects of OT are not limited to its peripheral actions around birth and milk ejection. Indeed, OT also acts as a neuromodulator in the brain affecting fear memory, social attachment, and other forms of social behaviors. The peripheral and central effects of OT have been separately subject to extensive scrutiny. However, the effects of peripheral OT-particularly in the form of administration of synthetic OT (synOT) around birth-on the central nervous system are surprisingly understudied. Here, we provide a narrative review of the current evidence, suggest putative mechanisms of synOT action, and provide new directions and hypotheses for future studies to bridge the gaps between neuroscience, obstetrics, and psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Rashidi
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Eduard Maier
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sharon Dekel
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Sütterlin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert C Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Ditzen
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valery Grinevich
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine C Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Tan X, He Y, Hua N, Wiley J, Sun M. Study Protocol of an App-Based Prevention Program for Perinatal Depression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11634. [PMID: 36141922 PMCID: PMC9517436 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of perinatal depression (PND) in China is continuously rising, and the suicide rate among pregnant women is remarkably high. Preventing the occurrence of PND based on the management of primary health care is of great significance. Improving adherence to intervention programs is a key concern for PND prevention. Thus, a new intervention strategy based on mobile health could bring a new perspective to prevent the occurrence of PND and reduce the sample dropout rate. A single-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial will be performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a personalized, dynamic, and stratified intervention strategy based on an app. Four health centers will be randomly selected and randomly assigned to an intervention group (two centers) and a control group (two centers). Participants (n = 426) will be enrolled from the four selected health centers, with 213 in each group. The intervention group will receive the interventions personalized by the feature-matching algorithm of the user profile and be reassigned to the low-risk group (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS] < 9) or moderate/high-risk group (9 ≤ EPDS < 13 and EPDS ≥ 13, but not meeting the criteria for PND) for intervention based on each EPDS score until 6 months after delivery. The control group will receive the same intervention components of the app but without the dynamic, personalized, and stratified function. Depression status, negative emotion symptoms, parental competence, and sample dropout rate will be measured at different weeks of pregnancy (12-16 [baseline], 24, 37) and at 42 days, 3 months, and 6 months after delivery. Follow-up evaluation (t6: 12 months after delivery) will also be conducted. If the intervention is effective, it will provide a personalized, time-friendly, and dynamic intervention for preventing PND. This phenomenon can effectively reduce the sample dropout rate and provide an empirical basis for promoting maternal mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmin Tan
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yuqing He
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Nan Hua
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - James Wiley
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Mei Sun
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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25
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Liu ZF, Sylivris A, Gordon M, Sundram S. The association between tryptophan levels and postpartum mood disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:539. [PMID: 35941560 PMCID: PMC9361669 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 50% of women experience mood disturbance in the postpartum period, with significant implications for maternal and infant health but identifying those at risk is not easily possible. The essential amino acid, tryptophan (TRP) through its neuroactive metabolites, has been implicated in the pathology of mood disorders. Thus, TRP levels tested in the peripartum period have been proposed as a potential biomarker for subsequent development of postpartum mood disturbances, in particular postpartum depression (PPD). A systematic review and meta-analysis following PROSPERO guidelines [CRD42021252462] was conducted on peer-reviewed, English language studies that measured blood levels of TRP during the postpartum period in women who were also evaluated for postpartum "blues" or PPD. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria, of which five studies contained sufficient data to conduct a meta-analysis. Low total TRP levels in postpartum days 1 to 5 were significantly associated with PPD (SMD: -5.39, 95%CI [-7.72, -3.05]). No significant association was found between free TRP levels in the postpartum period and PPD (SMD: -3.43, 95%CI [-7.76, 0.89]). Our findings confirm the necessity for more replicable designed studies regarding TRP and its relationship to postpartum depression. If there were greater clarity regarding TRP metabolism during pregnancy, then the next step would be to consider measuring total plasma TRP levels on postpartum days 1 to 5 to identify women at greater risk of developing PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Feng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy Sylivris
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Gordon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Mental Health Program, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suresh Sundram
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Mental Health Program, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Monash Medical Centre, Block P, Level 3, 246 Clayton Rd, Melbourne, 3168, VIC, Australia.
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26
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Browne DT, LeWinn KZ, May SS, Tylavsky F, Bush NR. Maternal early exposure to violence, psychopathology, and child adaptive functioning: pre- and postnatal programming. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:91-97. [PMID: 35250026 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-01954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pre- and postnatal programming mechanisms, timing, and direction of effects linking maternal early exposure to violence (MEEV), psychopathology, and child adaptive functioning are understudied. Thus, the following hypotheses were tested: (H1) higher pre- and postnatal maternal psychopathology will predict lower adaptive functioning, (H2) lower adaptive functioning will predict higher subsequent maternal psychopathology, (H3) cumulative effects of MEEV on maternal psychopathology and adaptive functioning will be observed, and (H4) higher MEEV will predict lower adaptive functioning via maternal psychopathology both pre- and postnatally. METHODS Prospective pregnancy cohort study including 1503 mother-child dyads with associations between MEEV, psychopathology, and child adaptive functioning examined using cross-lagged panel analysis. Assessment occurred in the third trimester and annually across the first four years of life. RESULTS Higher pre- and postnatal maternal psychopathology predicted lower child adaptive functioning at 12 and 24 months, respectively. MEEV predicted maternal psychopathology cumulatively and offered a repeated prediction of adaptive functioning across the first two years of the child's life, operating predominantly through maternal psychopathology during pregnancy. Child effects on mothers were not observed. CONCLUSIONS Like in socioemotional assessment, pediatric assessment of child adaptive functioning should consider the intergenerational transmission of MEEV. IMPACT Associations between maternal early exposure to violence (MEEV), psychopathology, and child socioemotional development is well documented. Much less is known about the pre- and postnatal programming mechanisms, timing, and direction of effects between MEEV, maternal psychopathology, and child adaptive functioning. Findings suggest associations of both prenatal and postnatal maternal psychopathology with child adaptive functioning, though the effects of MEEV were more strongly operative through the prenatal pathway. Pediatric assessment and interventions surrounding adaptive functioning should consider the potential role of MEEV in shaping children's health and development, in addition to potential consequences of pre- and postnatal maternal mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon T Browne
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. .,Centre for Mental Health Research & Treatment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shealyn S May
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Fran Tylavsky
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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27
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Amaro A, Baptista FI, Matafome P. Programming of future generations during breastfeeding: The intricate relation between metabolic and neurodevelopment disorders. Life Sci 2022; 298:120526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Urizar GG, Muñoz RF. Role of Maternal Depression on Child Development: A Prospective Analysis from Pregnancy to Early Childhood. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:502-514. [PMID: 33646485 PMCID: PMC10911822 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined how different characteristics of maternal depression may be associated with developmental outcomes among low-income children. The current study prospectively examined whether the timing (pregnancy vs. early postpartum), severity, and chronicity of maternal depression were associated with child cognitive and social-emotional development in two cohorts of primarily low-income Latinx immigrant mothers and their children. Maternal depression was assessed during pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum. Child development was assessed up to 5 years postpartum. Results showed that maternal depression experienced during pregnancy was associated with lower child cognitive development, particularly among girls. Additionally, both the timing (pregnancy and early postpartum) and severity/chronicity of maternal depression were each independently associated with lower child social-emotional development. These findings highlight the need for early prevention interventions to help offset the adverse effects of maternal depression on child developmental outcomes in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido G Urizar
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA, 90840-0901, USA.
| | - Ricardo F Muñoz
- Department of Psychology and Institute for International Internet Interventions for Health, Palo Alto University, 1791 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
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29
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Léniz-Maturana L, Vilaseca R, Leiva D. Maternal self-efficacy and emotional well-being in Chilean adolescent mothers: the relationship with their children's social-emotional development. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13162. [PMID: 35433128 PMCID: PMC9012175 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low maternal self-efficacy and high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress can be triggered in adolescent mothers due to an incomplete development process that makes them physically or psychologically unprepared for the responsibilities of motherhood and parenting. These factors may be linked to difficulties with their children's social-emotional development. The present study aims to: (a) analyze the relationship between maternal self-efficacy and stress, depression, and anxiety levels in low-income adolescent mothers; (b) examine the relationship between maternal self-efficacy and well-being with children's social-emotional development; and (c) describe the effects of maternal self-efficacy on children's social-emotional development, mediated by maternal well-being. Methods A sample of 79 dyads comprising low-income Chilean adolescent mothers aged from 15 to 21 years old (M = 19.1, SD = 1.66) and their children aged 10 to 24 months (M = 15.5, SD = 4.2) participated in this research. A set of psychometric scales was used to measure maternal self-efficacy (Parental Evaluation Scale, EEP), the mothers' anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS), maternal stress (Parental Stress Scale, PSS), and the children's social-emotional development (Ages and Stages Questionnaire Socio-emotional, ASQ-SE). Bivariate analyses and mediation models were employed to estimate and test the relevant relationships. Results A bivariate analysis showed that maternal self-efficacy was negatively related to the mother's anxiety, depression, and stress. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between maternal self-efficacy and maternal stress, and children's self-regulation and social-emotional development. Maternal self-efficacy, mediated by maternal anxiety, depression, and stress scores, had a significant effect on the development of children's self-regulation. Conclusions The results confirm the importance of adolescent mothers' emotional well-being and maternal self- efficacy with respect to their children's social-emotional development. This makes it necessary to have detailed information about how emotional and self-perception status influences a mother's role in the development of her children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Léniz-Maturana
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Vilaseca
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Leiva
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Pentland V, Spilsbury S, Biswas A, Mottola MF, Paplinskie S, Mitchell MS. Does Walking Reduce Postpartum Depressive Symptoms? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2022; 31:555-563. [PMID: 34704837 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rising demands for traditional postpartum depression (PPD) treatment options (e.g., psychiatry), especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, are increasingly difficult to meet. More accessible treatment options (e.g., walking) are needed. Our objective is to determine the impact of walking on PPD severity. Methods: A structured search of seven electronic databases for randomized controlled trials published between 2000 and July 29, 2021 was completed. Studies were included if walking was the sole or primary aerobic exercise modality. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted for studies reporting PPD symptoms measured using a clinically validated tool. A simple count of positive/null effect studies was undertaken as part of a narrative summary. Results: Five studies involving 242 participants were included (mean age = ∼28.9 years; 100% with mild-to-moderate depression). Interventions were 12 (n = 4) and 24 (n = 1) weeks long. Each assessed PPD severity using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and was included in the meta-analysis. The pooled effect estimate suggests that relative to controls walking yielded clinically significant decreases in mean EPDS scores from baseline to intervention end (pooled mean difference = -4.01; 95% CI: -7.18 to -0.84, I2 = 86%). The narrative summary provides preliminary evidence that walking-only, supervised, and group-based interventions, including 90-120+ minutes per week of moderate-intensity walking, may produce greater EPDS reductions. Conclusions: While limited by a relatively small number of included studies, pooled effect estimates suggest that walking may help mothers manage PPD. This is the first-time walking as treatment for PPD, an exercise modality that uniquely addresses many barriers faced by mothers, has been summarized in a systematic way. Trial registration: PROSPERO (CRD42020197521) on August 16th, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Pentland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean Spilsbury
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aviroop Biswas
- Institute of Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Primary Prevention Department, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Marc S Mitchell
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Glenn Fowler M, Boivin MJ, Familiar I, Nyangoma B. Central Nervous System and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of HIV+ and HIV exposed children: A Mini Review of Recent Findings and Lessons Learned from the Field. Neurosci Lett 2022; 775:136501. [PMID: 35122932 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Glenn Fowler
- Dept of Pathology, Johns Hopkins U. School of Medicine Baltimore MD, USA; Dept of PsychiatryMichigan State U. East Lansing, MI, USA; Makerere U. Johns Hopkins U. Research Collaboration, USA; Kampala Uganda
| | - Michael J Boivin
- Dept of Pathology, Johns Hopkins U. School of Medicine Baltimore MD, USA; Dept of PsychiatryMichigan State U. East Lansing, MI, USA; Makerere U. Johns Hopkins U. Research Collaboration, USA; Kampala Uganda
| | - Itziar Familiar
- Dept of Pathology, Johns Hopkins U. School of Medicine Baltimore MD, USA; Dept of PsychiatryMichigan State U. East Lansing, MI, USA; Makerere U. Johns Hopkins U. Research Collaboration, USA; Kampala Uganda
| | - Betty Nyangoma
- Dept of Pathology, Johns Hopkins U. School of Medicine Baltimore MD, USA; Dept of PsychiatryMichigan State U. East Lansing, MI, USA; Makerere U. Johns Hopkins U. Research Collaboration, USA; Kampala Uganda
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32
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Alexandra Dunn J, Medhin G, Dewey M, Alem A, Worku B, Paksarian D, Newton CR, Tomlinson M, Prince M, Hanlon C. Common perinatal mental disorders and post‐infancy child development in rural Ethiopia: a population‐based cohort study. Trop Med Int Health 2022; 27:251-261. [PMID: 35080279 PMCID: PMC9305759 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether maternal common mental disorders (CMD) in the postnatal period are prospectively associated with child development at 2.5 and 3.5 years in a rural low‐income African setting. Methods This study was nested within the C‐MaMiE (Child outcomes in relation to Maternal Mental health in Ethiopia) population‐based cohort in Butajira, Ethiopia, and conducted from 2005 to 2006. The sample comprised of 496 women who had recently given birth to living, singleton babies with recorded birth weight measurements, who were 15 to 44 years of age, and residing in six rural sub‐districts. Postnatal CMD measurements were ascertained 2 months after delivery. Language, cognitive, and motor development were obtained from the child 2.5 and 3.5 years after birth using a locally adapted version of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (3rd Ed). Maternal CMD symptoms were measured using a locally validated WHO Self‐Reporting Questionnaire. A linear mixed‐effects regression model was used to analyze the relationship between postnatal CMD and child development. Results After adjusting for confounders, there was no evidence for an association between postnatal CMD and overall child development or the cognitive sub‐domain in the preschool period. There was no evidence of effect modification by levels of social support, socioeconomic status, stunting, or sex of the child. Conclusions Previous studies from predominantly urban and peri‐urban settings in middle‐income countries have established a relationship between maternal CMD and child development, which contrasts with the findings from this study. The risk and protective factors for child development may differ in areas characterized by high social adversity and food insecurity. More studies are needed to investigate maternal CMD’s impact on child development in low‐resource and rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Alexandra Dunn
- King’s College London Centre for Global Mental Health Health Service and Population Research Department Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience London UK
- National Institute of Mental Health Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch Intramural Research Program Bethesda USA
| | - Girmay Medhin
- Aklilu‐Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Michael Dewey
- King’s College London Centre for Global Mental Health Health Service and Population Research Department Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience London UK
| | - Atalay Alem
- Addis Ababa University Department of Psychiatry WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Research and Capacity‐Building School of Medicine College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Bogale Worku
- Department of Paediatrics and Community Health Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Diana Paksarian
- National Institute of Mental Health Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch Intramural Research Program Bethesda USA
| | | | - Mark Tomlinson
- Institute for Life Course Health Research Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery Queens University Belfast UK
| | - Martin Prince
- King’s College London King’s Global Health Institute London UK
| | - Charlotte Hanlon
- King’s College London Centre for Global Mental Health Health Service and Population Research Department Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience London UK
- Addis Ababa University Department of Psychiatry WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Research and Capacity‐Building School of Medicine College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa Ethiopia
- Addis Ababa University Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT‐Africa) College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa Ethiopia
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33
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Scheiber FA, Ryckman KK, Demir-Lira ÖE. Maternal depressive symptoms and maternal child-directed speech: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:194-207. [PMID: 34656673 PMCID: PMC8827171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 1 in 5 children are exposed to maternal depressive symptoms. Children exposed to maternal depressive symptoms have poorer language skills than children not exposed to maternal depressive symptoms. Due to the crucial role of children's language skills in school readiness and academic achievement, it is imperative to understand the factors that underlie the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and children's language skills. Previous reviews have examined the mechanistic role of social-pragmatic features of mother-child interactions. However, the literature on the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and data-providing aspects of mother-child interactions, including child-directed speech, has yet to be consolidated. In this systematic review, we present maternal child-directed speech as a potential pathway through which maternal depressive symptoms influence children's language skills. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, three database searches produced 546 articles related to maternal depressive symptoms, child-directed speech, and children's language skills, ten of which examined the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and child-directed speech. RESULTS Findings revealed that increases in maternal depressive symptoms may be associated with decreases in amount of child-directed speech but not necessarily with decreases in the complexity of child-directed speech. LIMITATIONS The studies in this review varied in sample size, the inclusion of important sociodemographic factors, and the operationalization of depression and child-directed speech, thereby limiting conclusions, especially about whether maternal depressive symptoms are associated with the complexity of child-directed speech. CONCLUSIONS This review has implications for prevention and intervention efforts aimed at optimizing children's language skills; child-directed speech is modifiable, and mothers experiencing depressive symptoms may benefit from resources encouraging rich child-directed speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca A Scheiber
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, PBSB 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Kelli K Ryckman
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health,University of Iowa, 145N Riverside Dr., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Ö Ece Demir-Lira
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, PBSB 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.
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Racine N, Eirich R, Cooke J, Zhu J, Pador P, Dunnewold N, Madigan S. When the Bough Breaks: A systematic review and meta-analysis of mental health symptoms in mothers of young children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Infant Ment Health J 2022; 43:36-54. [PMID: 34962649 PMCID: PMC9015533 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parents have experienced considerable challenges and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may impact their well-being. This meta-analysis sought to identify: (1) the prevalence of depression and anxiety in parents of young children (
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Racine
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Rachel Eirich
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Jessica Cooke
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Jenney Zhu
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Paolo Pador
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Nicole Dunnewold
- Health Sciences LibraryLibraries and Cultural ResourcesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research InstituteCalgaryAlbertaCanada
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Sheth AN, Adimora AA, Golub ET, Kassaye SG, Rana A, Westreich D, Cyriaque JW, Parish C, Konkle-Parker D, Jones DL, Kempf MC, Ofotokun I, Kanthula RM, Donohue J, Raccamarich P, Tisdale T, Ramirez C, Warren-Jeanpiere L, Tien PC, Alcaide ML. Study of Treatment and Reproductive Outcomes Among Reproductive-Age Women With HIV Infection in the Southern United States: Protocol for a Longitudinal Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e30398. [PMID: 34932006 PMCID: PMC8726043 DOI: 10.2196/30398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly a quarter of the 1.1 million individuals with HIV in the United States are women. Racial and ethnic minority women in the Southern United States are disproportionately impacted. Reproductive-age women with HIV are prone to poor HIV outcomes but remain underrepresented in HIV research. We will answer contemporary questions related to the health outcomes in this population by enrolling a prospective cohort of reproductive-age women with and without HIV in the Southern United States. OBJECTIVE The Study of Treatment and Reproductive Outcomes (STAR) will enroll and retain 2000 reproductive-age women with and without HIV. The STAR will leverage the infrastructure of the US-based Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS)/Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) Combined Cohort Study, comprising the WIHS (a cohort of women with and at risk for HIV, which began in 1993), and the MACS (a cohort of gay and bisexual men with and at risk for HIV, which began in 1984). Although the advancing age of the participants enrolled in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study provides an opportunity to address the questions related to HIV and aging, the research questions pertinent to the reproductive years must also be addressed. The STAR will conduct high-priority scientific research in key areas with the overall aim of addressing the unique needs of reproductive-age women with HIV. METHODS The STAR is a prospective, observational cohort study that will be conducted at 6 sites in the United States-Atlanta, Georgia; Birmingham, Alabama; Jackson, Mississippi; Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Miami, Florida; and Washington, District of Columbia. Visits will occur semiannually for 2 years, with additional visits for up to 5 years. At each visit, the participating women will complete a structured interview for collecting key demographic, psychosocial, and clinical variables, and undergo biospecimen collection for laboratory testing and repositing (blood, urine, hair, vaginal, anal, and oral specimens). Pregnant women and infants will undergo additional study assessments. The initial scientific focus of the STAR is to understand the roles of key social determinants of health, depression, reproductive health, and oral health on HIV and pregnancy outcomes across the reproductive life span. RESULTS Enrollment in the STAR commenced in February 2021 and is ongoing. CONCLUSIONS Through in-depth, longitudinal data and biospecimen collection, the newly initiated STAR cohort will create a platform to answer scientific questions regarding reproductive-age women with and without HIV. STAR will be uniquely positioned to enable investigators to conduct high-impact research relevant to this population. Building on the legacy of the MACS and WIHS cohorts, the STAR is designed to foster multidisciplinary collaborations to galvanize scientific discoveries to improve the health of reproductive-age women with HIV and ameliorate the effects of the HIV epidemic in this population in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandi N Sheth
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Infectious Diseases Program, Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Adaora A Adimora
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth Topper Golub
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Seble G Kassaye
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Aadia Rana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Daniel Westreich
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer Webster Cyriaque
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Carrigan Parish
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, NY, United States
| | - Deborah Konkle-Parker
- Schools of Nursing, Medicine, and Population Health Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Deborah L Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Mirjam-Colette Kempf
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama-Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Departments of Epidemiology and Health Behavior, University of Alabama-Birmingham Ryals School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Nursing Family, Community & Health Systems, University of Alabama-Birmingham School of Nursing, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Igho Ofotokun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Infectious Diseases Program, Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ruth M Kanthula
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jessica Donohue
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Patricia Raccamarich
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Tina Tisdale
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Catalina Ramirez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | - Phyllis C Tien
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Maria L Alcaide
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Schipani Bailey E, Byatt N, Carroll S, Brenckle L, Sankaran P, Kroll-Desrosiers A, Smith NA, Allison J, Simas TAM. Results of a Statewide Survey of Obstetric Clinician Depression Practices. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 31:675-681. [PMID: 34491103 PMCID: PMC9133971 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Perinatal depression affects upwards of one in seven women and is associated with significant negative maternal and child consequences. Despite this, it remains under-detected and under-treated. We sought to identify clinician practices, self-efficacy, and remaining barriers to comprehensively addressing perinatal depression care. Materials and Methods: Surveys were administered to obstetric clinicians in Massachusetts that queried frequency of depression screening and Likert questions about subsequent depression management. Results: Approximately 79.0% of clinicians approached completed the survey. Whereas most clinicians (93.5%) screened for perinatal depression at 6 weeks postpartum, fewer clinicians (66.1%) screened during pregnancy. Most reported they were comfortable providing support to their patients (98.4%), but fewer endorsed being able to treat them on their own (43.0%). Most noted an ability to treat with antidepressants (77.9%); however, fewer endorsed adequate access to nonmedication treatment (45.5%). Conclusions: The majority of surveyed clinicians screen for depression consistent with guidelines. However, efforts are focused on the postpartum period, despite literature citing two-thirds of patients experiencing onset before or during pregnancy. Respondents indicated an ability to treat with medication management, while noting greater challenge with referral. These findings describe the challenges of interdisciplinary coordination as a barrier to comprehensive perinatal mental health care. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT02760004.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy Byatt
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Smita Carroll
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linda Brenckle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Padma Sankaran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aimee Kroll-Desrosiers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,VA Central Western Massachusetts Healthcare System, Leeds, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole A Smith
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeroan Allison
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tiffany A Moore Simas
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Healthcare, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Problematic internet use in children according to maternal depression trajectories: A population-based cohort study with 9-year follow-up. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 141:364-369. [PMID: 34304042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the association between maternal depression trajectories from pregnancy until 2 years postpartum, and problematic internet use in children at nine years of age. METHODS A total of 1132 mother-child pairs from the Panel Korea Study for Children were used. Maternal depression was assessed repeatedly using the Kessler scale (K-scale) (during pregnancy, and at 6, 12, and 24 months of age). Problematic internet use was assessed in children 9 years old using the K-scale. The children's behavioral problems were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist at nine years old. Latent profile analysis was used to identify the group trajectories of maternal depression. We compared the severity of problematic internet use of the children according to the maternal depression trajectories. We also identified behavioral problems in children with problematic internet use in each maternal depression trajectory. RESULTS Trajectory analysis identified three group trajectories of maternal depression: no symptoms (n = 478), mild symptoms (n = 534), and moderate symptoms (n = 120). The mild and moderate maternal depression trajectory groups were more associated with high-risk internet use in 9-year-old children compared to the non-depressed group. In children with high-risk internet use, more severe behavioral problems were reported when their mothers had depression. CONCLUSION Maternal depression up to two years after childbirth affected problematic internet use in middle childhood.
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Bornstein MH, Manian N, Henry LM. Clinically depressed and typically developing mother-infant dyads: Domain base rates and correspondences, relationship contingencies and attunement. INFANCY 2021; 26:877-900. [PMID: 34343395 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Maternal depression is associated with adverse outcomes in infants. Unfavorable parenting practices likely constitute one pathway of risk transmission from mother to infant, but definitional and methodological variation in the extant literature precludes a comprehensive or conclusive understanding of potential underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to illuminate the role of maternal clinical depression in mother-infant interaction by turning a microanalytic lens on four substantive relationship issues: base rates, correspondences, contingencies, and attunement. Several maternal parenting practices (aggregated into social, didactic, and language domains) and several infant behaviors (aggregated into social, exploration, and non-distress vocalization domains) were microcoded to 0.10 s from naturalistic hour long interactions of clinically depressed mothers (n = 60) and matched non-depressed controls (n = 60) with their 5-month-olds. Clinically depressed mothers spontaneously engaged their infants less didactically, were less contingent to their infants in social, didactic, and language domains, and were less attuned with their infants than were non-depressed mothers. Infants of clinically depressed mothers vocalized non-distress less than infants of non-depressed mothers. These differences unveil key disadvantages in the everyday lived experiences of infants of clinically depressed mothers. The findings advance understanding of maternal depression and its effects and have implications for identifying infants at risk on account of their mothers' clinical depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK.,UNICEF, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Nanmathi Manian
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Farah R, Dudley J, Hutton JS, Greenwood P, Holland S, Horowitz-Kraus T. Maternal depression is associated with decreased functional connectivity within semantics and phonology networks in preschool children. Depress Anxiety 2021; 38:826-835. [PMID: 34010495 DOI: 10.1002/da.23168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal depression is characterized by a lack of emotional responsiveness and engagement with their child, which may lead to the child's decreased cognitive, and language outcomes all related to the child's future reading outcomes. The relations between maternal depression and functional connectivity in neural circuits supporting language in the child was explored. METHODS Eleven 4-year-old girls completed language abilities assessment and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Their mothers completed the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) to examine maternal depression when the child was 12 months old and at the age of 4. Functional connections within the child's resting-state phonology, semantics, language networks were correlated with maternal BDI scores at the age of 4 years. RESULTS Higher maternal depression was associated with the child's decreased within the semantic and phonological networks connectivity during rest. Higher maternal depression at 4 years moderated the relationship between early depression scores and functional connectivity within the phonological network. CONCLUSIONS Maternal depression in the first year of life is related to functional connections of phonological processing and enhanced by current maternal depression levels. We conclude that after a mother gives birth, resources should be provided to minimize depressive symptoms and interventions should be applied to support their child's language development for future reading acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola Farah
- Educational Neuroimaging Center, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jonathan Dudley
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - John S Hutton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Paige Greenwood
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Educational Neuroimaging Center, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Education in Science and Technology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Reading and Literacy Discovery Center, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Comparing the effectiveness of home visiting paraprofessionals and mental health professionals delivering a postpartum depression preventive intervention: a cluster-randomized non-inferiority clinical trial. Arch Womens Ment Health 2021; 24:629-640. [PMID: 33655429 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-021-01112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether pregnant women receiving the Mothers and Babies group-based intervention exhibited greater depressive symptom reductions and fewer new cases of major depression than women receiving usual community-based services, and to examine whether groups run by paraprofessional home visitors and mental health professionals yielded similar depressive symptom reductions and prevention of major depression. Using a cluster-randomized design, 37 home visiting programs were randomized to usual home visiting, Mothers and Babies delivered via home visiting paraprofessionals, or Mothers and Babies delivered via mental health professionals. Baseline assessments were conducted prenatally with follow-up extending to 24 weeks postpartum. Eligibility criteria were ≥ 16 years old, ≤ 33 gestation upon referral, and Spanish/English speaking. Depressive symptoms at 24 weeks postpartum was the primary outcome. Eight hundred seventy-four women were enrolled. Neither intervention arm was superior to usual care in decreasing depressive symptoms across the sample (p = 0.401 home visiting paraprofessional vs. control; p = 0.430 mental health professional vs. control). Post hoc analyses suggest a positive intervention effect for women exhibiting mild depressive symptoms at baseline. We have evidence of non-inferiority, as the model-estimated mean difference in depressive symptoms between intervention arms (0.01 points, 95% CI: -0.79, 0.78) did not surpass our pre-specified margin of non-inferiority of two points. Although we did not find statistically significant differences between intervention and control arms, non-inferiority analyses found paraprofessional home visitors generated similar reductions in depressive symptoms as mental health professionals. Additionally, Mothers and Babies appears to reduce depressive symptoms among women with mild depressive symptoms when delivered by mental health professionals. This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (initial post: December 1, 2016; identifier: NCT02979444).
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Ahun MN, Gapare C, Gariépy G, Côté SM. Sex differences in the association between maternal depression and child and adolescent cognitive development: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1431-1440. [PMID: 33958014 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal depression is negatively associated with cognitive development across childhood and adolescence, with mixed evidence on whether this association differs in boys and girls. Herein, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of sex-specific estimates of the association between maternal depression and offspring cognitive outcomes. METHOD Seven databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ERIC, CINAHL, Scopus, ProQuest) were searched for studies examining the longitudinal association between maternal depression and offspring (up to 18 years) cognitive outcomes. Studies were screened and included based on predetermined criteria by two independent reviewers (Cohen's κ = 0.76). We used random-effects models to conduct a meta-analysis and used meta-regression for subgroup analyses. The PROSPERO record for the study is CRD42020161001. RESULTS Twelve studies met inclusion criteria. Maternal depression was associated with poorer cognitive outcomes in boys [Hedges' g = -0.36 (95% CI -0.60 to -0.11)], but not in girls [-0.17 (-0.41 to 0.07)]. The association in boys varied as a function of the measure of depression used (b = -0.70, p = 0.005): when maternal depression was assessed via a diagnostic interview, boys [-0.84 (-1.23 to -0.44)] had poorer cognitive outcomes than when a rating scale was used [-0.16 (-0.36 to 0.04)]. CONCLUSIONS This review and meta-analysis indicates that maternal depression is only significantly associated with cognitive outcomes in boys. Understanding the role of sex differences in the underlying mechanisms of this association can inform the development of targeted interventions to mitigate the negative effects of maternal depression on offspring cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn N Ahun
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, 7101 Avenue Parc, Montréal, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, 3175 chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Canada
| | - Claire Gapare
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, 1020 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, Canada
| | - Geneviève Gariépy
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, 7101 Avenue Parc, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, 7401 Hochelaga, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sylvana M Côté
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, 7101 Avenue Parc, Montréal, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, 3175 chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Canada
- INSERM U1219, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, France
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Mathur VA, Nyman T, Nanavaty N, George N, Brooker RJ. Trajectories of pain during pregnancy predict symptoms of postpartum depression. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e933. [PMID: 34104839 PMCID: PMC8177876 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postpartum depression imparts a significant and long-lasting burden on maternal and child health. Successful prevention or early detection of postpartum depression will rely on the identification of early risk factors. Pain during pregnancy (before childbirth) is a key potential predictor of postpartum depression risk. However, longitudinal studies characterizing pregnancy pain, its normal trajectory over time, and its prospective relations with symptoms of postpartum depression are lacking. METHODS We used data from a longitudinal study of maternal emotion that included assessments of pain and depressive symptoms at 3 time points-during the second and third trimester of pregnancy and at 4 months postpartum. Structural equation modelling was used to estimate longitudinal patterns of change in maternal pain over time. Latent growth curve parameters were tested as predictors of symptoms of postpartum depression. RESULTS Ninety-three healthy pregnant women enrolled in this study. Although the sample comprised women with relatively low-risk pregnancies, more than 90% of participants experienced pregnancy pain. Greater linear increases and less negative quadratic change in maternal pain over time were associated with greater levels of postpartum depression, even when controlling for prenatal depressive symptoms. Interpreting both parameters together, pain that increased in late pregnancy, when normative patterns had either levelled off or begun to decline, was associated with greater levels of postpartum depression. CONCLUSION A developmental trajectory of pain experience that did not subside after childbirth was associated with greater postpartum depressive symptoms, suggesting that atypical trajectories of pain may be a risk factor for postpartum depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vani A. Mathur
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tristin Nyman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Namrata Nanavaty
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Nevita George
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Brooker
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M S Lange
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Urizar GG, Nguyen V, Devera J, Saquillo AJ, Dunne LA, Brayboy C, Dixon-Hamlett A, Clanton-Higgins V, Manning G. Destined for Greatness: A Family-Based Stress Management Intervention for African-American Mothers and their Children. Soc Sci Med 2021; 280:114058. [PMID: 34077878 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE African-American mothers in the U.S. experience high rates of stress, placing them at risk for depression, anxiety, and preterm births, and their children at risk for poor social-emotional development later in childhood. Yet, few studies have developed and tested family-based interventions that target optimal management of stress in this population. OBJECTIVE The current mixed methods study examined whether a six-week family-based intervention (e.g., cognitive behavioral stress management intervention component for mothers and mindfulness-based kindness curriculum for their children) was effective in improving psychosocial outcomes among low-income African-American mothers and increasing prosocial behaviors in their children. METHOD Seventy-two mothers (28% pregnant, 72% postpartum) completed pre- and post-intervention assessments of stress, depression, anxiety, and self-efficacy for stress management. Prosocial behaviors for 38 of their children (3-10 years of age) were also assessed via mother's self-report and two observational child assessments of sharing and helping behaviors. Qualitative interviews at post-intervention and reunion focus groups (up to two years later) were also conducted. RESULTS Mothers showed significant reductions in perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety, as well as improved self-efficacy for stress management at post-intervention. Although observational assessments of children's sharing and helping behaviors did not change, mothers' qualitative responses indicated improvements in their child's prosocial behaviors at home. Qualitative responses also revealed unique stressors that mothers experienced, the short- and long-term impact of these interventions on mothers and their children, and program recommendations. CONCLUSIONS These results support the efficacy of family-based stress management interventions in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido G Urizar
- Department of Psychology, California State University, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA, 90840-0901, USA.
| | - Vivienne Nguyen
- Department of Psychology, California State University, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA, 90840-0901, USA
| | - Jason Devera
- Department of Psychology, California State University, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA, 90840-0901, USA
| | - Alexa J Saquillo
- Department of Psychology, California State University, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA, 90840-0901, USA
| | - Lauren A Dunne
- Department of Psychology, California State University, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA, 90840-0901, USA
| | - Cynthia Brayboy
- Long Beach Department of Health & Human Services, Black Infant Health Program, 3820 Cherry Ave, Long Beach, CA, 90807, USA
| | - Angela Dixon-Hamlett
- Long Beach Department of Health & Human Services, Black Infant Health Program, 3820 Cherry Ave, Long Beach, CA, 90807, USA
| | - Veronica Clanton-Higgins
- Long Beach Department of Health & Human Services, Black Infant Health Program, 3820 Cherry Ave, Long Beach, CA, 90807, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Manning
- Long Beach Department of Health & Human Services, Black Infant Health Program, 3820 Cherry Ave, Long Beach, CA, 90807, USA
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Çelen Yoldaş T, Özmert EN. Communicative Environmental Factors Including Maternal Depression and Media Usage Patterns on Early Language Development. Matern Child Health J 2021; 25:900-908. [PMID: 33905063 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-021-03125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION From the ecological perspective of multifactorial causal mechanism, the communicative interaction environment has been less studied in early childhood which is the most sensitive phase for language development. We aimed to research simultaneous communicative environmental factors including maternal depression and media usage patterns in young children aged 1-31/2 years. METHODS One hundred and one participants were included in the study; fifty-one children with language delay as the case group and fifty children with typical development as the control group. Maternal depressive symptoms were evaluated by Beck Depression Inventory. The general development of each child was evaluated by Denver II Screening Test and Bayley-Third Edition. Language development was evaluated by the Preschool Language Scale-5. The questionnaire for the sociodemographic data and media usage patterns was prepared by the study team. RESULTS Maternal depression scores, duration of TV viewing, background TV were higher in the children with language delay and they started earlier using screen devices in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). The total amount of interaction time and co-viewing were less in children with language delay and more parents intended to keep their children occupied by watching in the case group (p < 0.05). Mother care-giving (p = 0.002, OR = 5.80, CI 1.93-17.4) and absence of co-viewing (p = 0.000, OR = 9.46, CI 2.69-33.3) were the significant factors associated with language delay. DISCUSSION Young children with language delay were more exposed to communicative environmental risk factors than children with typical development. The integration of this perspective to child health care practices should be encouraged in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Çelen Yoldaş
- Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Elif Nursel Özmert
- Division of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Maternal Depressive Symptoms Predict Girls' but Not Boys' Emotion Regulation: A Prospective Moment-to-Moment Observation Study. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:1227-1240. [PMID: 33821370 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to further the understanding of maternal depressive symptoms on temporal dynamics of child emotion regulation by applying the process model of emotion regulation to preschoolers and incorporating insights from children's moment-to-moment emotional expressions. Following 108 mother-child dyads (57 girls; 72 mothers identified as White, 23 mothers as Black or African American, 10 mothers as multi-racial, 3 mothers did not report their race) from child age three (T1; Mchild age = 3.23; SD = 0.19) to four years old (T2; Mage = 4.21; SD = 0.15), we asked whether T1 maternal depressive symptoms predicted T2 boys' and girls' faster transitions into and slower transitions out of negative emotion displays when children were frustrated. The results from multilevel Cox Regression models for latencies and durations of emotion displays showed that child gender moderated the associations between maternal depressive symptoms and latencies of child emotion displays for sadness but not anger. Higher levels of maternal depressive symptoms predicted faster transitions into sadness only for girls but not for boys. The findings suggested that girls of mother with elevated depressive symptoms showed impairment in antecedent-focused emotion regulation of sadness.
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Zhang H, Wong TY, Broekman BFP, Chong YS, Shek LP, Gluckman PD, Tan KH, Meaney MJ, Fortier MV, Qiu A. Maternal Adverse Childhood Experience and Depression in Relation with Brain Network Development and Behaviors in Children: A Longitudinal Study. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4233-4244. [PMID: 33825872 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal childhood maltreatment and depression increase risks for the psychopathology of the offspring. This study employed a longitudinal dataset of mother-child dyads to investigate the developmental trajectories of brain functional networks and behaviors of children in relation with maternal childhood adverse experience and depression. Maternal childhood trauma was retrospectively assessed via childhood trauma questionnaire, whereas maternal depressive symptoms were prospectively evaluated during pregnancy and after delivery (n = 518). Child brain scans were acquired at age of 4.5, 6, and 7.5 years (n = 163) and behavioral problems were measured at 7.5 years using the Child Behavior Checklist. We found the functional connectivity of the language network with the sensorimotor, frontal, and attentional networks as a function of maternal adverse experience that interacted with sex and age. Girls exposed to mothers with depressive symptoms or childhood abuse showed the increased development of the functional connectivity of the language network with the visual networks, which was associated with social problems. Girls exposed to mothers with depressive symptoms showed the slower growth of the functional connectivity of the language network with the sensorimotor networks. Our findings, in a community sample, suggest the language network organization as neuroendophenotypes for maternal childhood trauma and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Ting-Yat Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Birit F P Broekman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore 117609, Singapore.,Department of Psychiatry, OLVG and Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam 1081 HJ, the Netherlands
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore 117609, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Lynette P Shek
- Department of Pediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore 117609, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Anqi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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The impact of postpartum depression and bonding impairment on child development at 12 to 15 months after delivery. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Wiseman KB, Warner-Czyz AD, Nelson JA. Stress in Parents of School-Age Children and Adolescents With Cochlear Implants. JOURNAL OF DEAF STUDIES AND DEAF EDUCATION 2021; 26:209-222. [PMID: 33442726 DOI: 10.1093/deafed/enaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Parents of children with cochlear implants (CIs) face unique challenges in caring for their child, potentially fostering parental stress. Most studies of stress in parents of CI users do not examine stress specific to having a deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) child. This study compares general and condition-specific stress (via the Family Stress Scale) in 31 parents of CI users (8-16 years) to previously published samples of DHH children, and it examines child- and CI-related factors associated with parental stress. Parents of modern-day CI users reported significantly lower stress than parents of children using older-generation CI technology and similar levels of overall stress to parents of young children preimplantation. However, significant item-level differences emerged (e.g., communication, device management) pre- versus postimplant. Child temperament significantly predicted parental stress after controlling for other variables. Intervention strategies for children with CIs should engage a family systems approach to reduce parental stress and better support the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn B Wiseman
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Andrea D Warner-Czyz
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
- Callier Advance Hearing Research Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jackie A Nelson
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
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Canonical TGF-β signaling regulates the relationship between prenatal maternal depression and amygdala development in early life. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:170. [PMID: 33723212 PMCID: PMC7961018 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Canonical transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling exerts neuroprotection and influences memory formation and synaptic plasticity. It has been considered as a new target for the prevention and treatment of depression. This study aimed to examine its modulatory role in linking prenatal maternal depressive symptoms and the amygdala volumes from birth to 6 years of age. We included mother-child dyads (birth: n = 161; 4.5 years: n = 131; 6 years: n = 162) and acquired structural brain images of children at these three time points. Perinatal maternal depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire to mothers at 26 weeks of pregnancy and 3 months postpartum. Our findings showed that the genetic variants of TGF-β type I transmembrane receptor (TGF-βRI) modulated the association between prenatal maternal depressive symptoms and the amygdala volume consistently from birth to 6 years of age despite a trend of significance at 4.5 years of age. Children with a lower gene expression score (GES) of TGF-βRI exhibited larger amygdala volumes in relation to greater prenatal maternal depressive symptoms. Moreover, children with a lower GES of the TGF-β type II transmembrane receptor (TGF-βRII), Smad4, and Smad7 showed larger amygdala volumes at 6 years of age in relation to greater prenatal maternal depressive symptoms. These findings support the involvement of the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway in the brain development of children in the context of in utero maternal environment. Such involvement is age-dependent.
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