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Zhao K, Xu J, Zhao B. Panoramic RNA expression of fibroblast growth factors in human glioblastoma tissues and the impact on the survival of patients. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:317. [PMID: 38807663 PMCID: PMC11130607 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have a key role in various critical steps of tumor growth and progression through effects on angiogenesis, inflammation and the growth and invasion of malignant cells. Nevertheless, the role of the FGF family in human glioblastoma (GBM) has been rarely studied. The objective of the present study was to assess the RNA expression of all FGF family members in tissues obtained from patients with GBM and to analyze the association between FGF expression and the survival of these patients. For this, the RNA expression of FGF family members in the malignant and proximal tissues of 12 patients with GBM was determined by analyzing high-throughput RNA transcriptome sequencing data uploaded to the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. The relationship between FGF genes and the survival of patients with GBM and glioma was also respectively studied by analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis tool. The results showed that the expression of FGF1, FGF17, FGF20 and FGF22 in GBM tissues was lower than that in adjacent tissues, with a difference of >2 times. Analysis of the overall survival of patients with GBM indicated there were no significant relationships between the expression of FGF1, FGF17, FGF20, FGF22 and overall survival. Analysis of the overall survival of patients with glioma showed that glioma patients with low FGF1 expression achieved a longer survival time than patients with high FGF1 expression; however, high expression of FGF17 and FGF22 indicated a longer survival time. In summary, the results of the present study demonstrated the panoramic expression of FGF family members in patients with GBM, and indicated that FGF1, FGF17 and FGF22 did not affect the survival of patients with GBM, but had a notable influence on the survival of patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jiakun Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Beichuan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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2
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Loras A, Gonzalez-Bonet LG, Gutierrez-Arroyo JL, Martinez-Cadenas C, Marques-Torrejon MA. Neural Stem Cells as Potential Glioblastoma Cells of Origin. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040905. [PMID: 37109434 PMCID: PMC10145968 DOI: 10.3390/life13040905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor in adults and it remains incurable. These tumors are very heterogeneous, resistant to cytotoxic therapies, and they show high rates of invasiveness. Therefore, patients face poor prognosis, and the survival rates remain very low. Previous research states that GBM contains a cell population with stem cell characteristics called glioma stem cells (GSCs). These cells are able to self-renew and regenerate the tumor and, therefore, they are partly responsible for the observed resistance to therapies and tumor recurrence. Recent data indicate that neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) are the cells of origin of GBM, that is, the cell type acquiring the initial tumorigenic mutation. The involvement of SVZ-NSCs is also associated with GBM progression and recurrence. Identifying the cellular origin of GBM is important for the development of early detection techniques and the discovery of early disease markers. In this review, we analyze the SVZ-NSC population as a potential GBM cell of origin, and its potential role for GBM therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Loras
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University of Castellon, 12071 Castellon de la Plana, Spain
| | - Luis G. Gonzalez-Bonet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Castellon General University Hospital, 12004 Castellon de la Plana, Spain
| | - Julia L. Gutierrez-Arroyo
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University of Castellon, 12071 Castellon de la Plana, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Castellon General University Hospital, 12004 Castellon de la Plana, Spain
| | | | - Maria Angeles Marques-Torrejon
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University of Castellon, 12071 Castellon de la Plana, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-964-387-478
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3
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Ardizzone A, Bova V, Casili G, Repici A, Lanza M, Giuffrida R, Colarossi C, Mare M, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E, Paterniti I. Role of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Cancer: Biological Activity, Targeted Therapies, and Prognostic Value. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071002. [PMID: 37048074 PMCID: PMC10093572 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide; thus, it is necessary to find successful strategies. Several growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF2), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), are involved in the main processes that fuel tumor growth, i.e., cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis, by activating important signaling pathways, including PLC-γ/PI3/Ca2+ signaling, leading to PKC activation. Here, we focused on bFGF, which, when secreted by tumor cells, mediates several signal transductions and plays an influential role in tumor cells and in the development of chemoresistance. The biological mechanism of bFGF is shown by its interaction with its four receptor subtypes: fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4. The bFGF–FGFR interaction stimulates tumor cell proliferation and invasion, resulting in an upregulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic tumor cell proteins. Considering the involvement of the bFGF/FGFR axis in oncogenesis, preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted to develop new therapeutic strategies, alone and/or in combination, aimed at intervening on the bFGF/FGFR axis. Therefore, this review aimed to comprehensively examine the biological mechanisms underlying bFGF in the tumor microenvironment, the different anticancer therapies currently available that target the FGFRs, and the prognostic value of bFGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Ardizzone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Valentina Bova
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Repici
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Colarossi
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Marzia Mare
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-6765208
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
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4
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Experimental Models of In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier for CNS Drug Delivery: An Evolutionary Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032710. [PMID: 36769032 PMCID: PMC9916529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders represent one of the leading causes of global health burden. Nonetheless, new therapies approved against these disorders are among the lowest compared to their counterparts. The absence of reliable and efficient in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) models resembling in vivo barrier properties stands out as a significant roadblock in developing successful therapy for CNS disorders. Therefore, advancement in the creation of robust and sensitive in vitro BBB models for drug screening might allow us to expedite neurological drug development. This review discusses the major in vitro BBB models developed as of now for exploring the barrier properties of the cerebral vasculature. Our main focus is describing existing in vitro models, including the 2D transwell models covering both single-layer and co-culture models, 3D organoid models, and microfluidic models with their construction, permeability measurement, applications, and limitations. Although microfluidic models are better at recapitulating the in vivo properties of BBB than other models, significant gaps still exist for their use in predicting the performance of neurotherapeutics. However, this comprehensive account of in vitro BBB models can be useful for researchers to create improved models in the future.
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Nakamura T, Hashita T, Chen Y, Gao Y, Sun Y, Islam S, Sato H, Shibuya Y, Zou K, Matsunaga T, Michikawa M. Aβ42 treatment of the brain side reduced the level of flotillin from endothelial cells on the blood side via FGF-2 signaling in a blood-brain barrier model. Mol Brain 2023; 16:15. [PMID: 36698209 PMCID: PMC9878866 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that the flotillin level is decreased in the blood of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) when compared to that of patients with non-AD and vascular dementia; however, the molecular mechanism remains to be determined. In this study, to elucidate whether Aβ accumulation in the brain has an effect on the blood flotillin level, we used our previously established blood-brain barrier (BBB) culture model using microvascular endothelial cells obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iBMECs) and astrocytes prepared from rat cortex. In this BBB model with iBMECs plated on the upper compartment (blood side) and astrocytes plated on the lower compartment (brain side), the trans-endothelial electrical resistance values are high (over 1500 Ωm2) and stable during experiments. We found that the addition of Aβ42 (0.5 and 2 µM) to the brain side significantly reduced the level of flotillin secreted by iBMECs on the blood side. The level of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) in the brain side was significantly reduced by Aβ42 treatment, and was accompanied by a reduction in the level of phosphorylation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor in iBMECs. The brain-side Aβ42 treatment-induced reduction of flotillin secretion into the blood side was restored in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of FGF-2 into the brain side. These results indicated that Aβ accumulation in the brain side reduced FGF-2 release from astrocytes, which attenuated FGF-2-mediated iBMECs signaling via the FGF-2 receptor, and thereby reduced flotillin secretion from iBMECs on the blood side. Our findings revealed a novel signaling pathway crossing the BBB from the brain side to the blood side, which is different from the classical intramural periarterial drainage or lymphatic-system-to-blood pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Nakamura
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan ,grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Tadahiro Hashita
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8603 Japan
| | - Yuxin Chen
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Yuan Gao
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Yang Sun
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Sadequl Islam
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sato
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8603 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Shibuya
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Kun Zou
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8603 Japan
| | - Makoto Michikawa
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cyo, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
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6
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Puebla M, Tapia PJ, Espinoza H. Key Role of Astrocytes in Postnatal Brain and Retinal Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052646. [PMID: 35269788 PMCID: PMC8910249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a key process in various physiological and pathological conditions in the nervous system and in the retina during postnatal life. Although an increasing number of studies have addressed the role of endothelial cells in this event, the astrocytes contribution in angiogenesis has received less attention. This review is focused on the role of astrocytes as a scaffold and in the stabilization of the new blood vessels, through different molecules release, which can modulate the angiogenesis process in the brain and in the retina. Further, differences in the astrocytes phenotype are addressed in glioblastoma, one of the most devastating types of brain cancer, in order to provide potential targets involved in the cross signaling between endothelial cells, astrocytes and glioma cells, that mediate tumor progression and pathological angiogenesis. Given the relevance of astrocytes in angiogenesis in physiological and pathological conditions, future studies are required to better understand the interrelation between endothelial and astrocyte signaling pathways during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Puebla
- Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Facultad de Medicina-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Plaza 680, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile;
| | - Pablo J. Tapia
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Av. Lota 2465, Providencia, Santiago 7500000, Chile;
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de las Américas, Av. República 71, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Hilda Espinoza
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Av. Ejército Libertador 171, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Sadanandan N, Shear A, Brooks B, Saft M, Cabantan DAG, Kingsbury C, Zhang H, Anthony S, Wang ZJ, Salazar FE, Lezama Toledo AR, Rivera Monroy G, Vega Gonzales-Portillo J, Moscatello A, Lee JY, Borlongan CV. Treating Metastatic Brain Cancers With Stem Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:749716. [PMID: 34899179 PMCID: PMC8651876 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.749716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy may present an effective treatment for metastatic brain cancer and glioblastoma. Here we posit the critical role of a leaky blood-brain barrier (BBB) as a key element for the development of brain metastases, specifically melanoma. By reviewing the immunological and inflammatory responses associated with BBB damage secondary to tumoral activity, we identify the involvement of this pathological process in the growth and formation of metastatic brain cancers. Likewise, we evaluate the hypothesis of regenerating impaired endothelial cells of the BBB and alleviating the damaged neurovascular unit to attenuate brain metastasis, using the endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) phenotype of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Specifically, there is a need to evaluate the efficacy for stem cell therapy to repair disruptions in the BBB and reduce inflammation in the brain, thereby causing attenuation of metastatic brain cancers. To establish the viability of stem cell therapy for the prevention and treatment of metastatic brain tumors, it is crucial to demonstrate BBB repair through augmentation of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. BBB disruption is strongly linked to metastatic melanoma, worsens neuroinflammation during metastasis, and negatively influences the prognosis of metastatic brain cancer. Using stem cell therapy to interrupt inflammation secondary to this leaky BBB represents a paradigm-shifting approach for brain cancer treatment. In this review article, we critically assess the advantages and disadvantages of using stem cell therapy for brain metastases and glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Shear
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Beverly Brooks
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Madeline Saft
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Chase Kingsbury
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Henry Zhang
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stefan Anthony
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, United States
| | - Zhen-Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Felipe Esparza Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (FCS), Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | - Alma R Lezama Toledo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (FCS), Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | - Germán Rivera Monroy
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (FCS), Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | | | - Alexa Moscatello
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jea-Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Cesario V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States.,Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
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8
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Kinoshita T, Tomita H, Okada H, Niwa A, Hyodo F, Kanayama T, Matsuo M, Imaizumi Y, Kuroda T, Hatano Y, Miyai M, Egashira Y, Enomoto Y, Nakayama N, Sugie S, Matsumoto K, Yamaguchi Y, Matsuo M, Hara H, Iwama T, Hara A. Endothelial cell-specific reduction of heparan sulfate suppresses glioma growth in mice. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:50. [PMID: 34790962 PMCID: PMC8585801 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Heparan sulfate (HS) is one of the factors that has been suggested to be associated with angiogenesis and invasion of glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive and fast-growing brain tumor. However, it remains unclear how HS of endothelial cells is involved in angiogenesis in glioblastoma and its prognosis. Thus, we investigated the effect of endothelial cell HS on GBM development. METHODS We generated endothelial cell-specific knockout of Ext1, a gene encoding a glycosyltransferase and essential for HS synthesis, and murine GL261 glioblastoma cells were orthotopically transplanted. Two weeks after transplantation, we examined the tumor progression and underlying mechanisms. RESULTS The endothelial cell-specific Ext1 knockout (Ext1 CKO ) mice exhibited reduced HS expression specifically in the vascular endothelium of the brain capillaries compared with the control wild-type (WT) mice. GBM growth was significantly suppressed in Ext1 CKO mice compared with that in WT mice. After GBM transplantation, the survival rate was significantly higher in Ext1 CKO mice than in WT mice. We investigated how the effect of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), which is known as an angiogenesis-promoting factor, differs between Ext1 CKO and WT mice by using an in vivo Matrigel assay and demonstrated that endothelial cell-specific HS reduction attenuated the effect of FGF2 on angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS HS reduction in the vascular endothelium of the brain suppressed GBM growth and neovascularization in mice. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12672-021-00444-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Kinoshita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Ayumi Niwa
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Fuminori Hyodo
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kanayama
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Mikiko Matsuo
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Yuko Imaizumi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Takahiro Kuroda
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hatano
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Masafumi Miyai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ogaki Tokusyukai Hospital, Ogaki, Gifu 503-0015 Japan
| | - Yusuke Egashira
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Yukiko Enomoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nakayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Sugie
- Department of Pathology, Asahi University Hospital, Gifu, 500-8523 Japan
| | - Kazu Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Yu Yamaguchi
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Masayuki Matsuo
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196 Japan
| | - Toru Iwama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194 Japan
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9
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Watanabe D, Nakagawa S, Morofuji Y, Tóth AE, Vastag M, Aruga J, Niwa M, Deli MA. Characterization of a Primate Blood-Brain Barrier Co-Culture Model Prepared from Primary Brain Endothelial Cells, Pericytes and Astrocytes. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091484. [PMID: 34575559 PMCID: PMC8470770 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Culture models of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are important research tools. Their role in the preclinical phase of drug development to estimate the permeability for potential neuropharmaceuticals is especially relevant. Since species differences in BBB transport systems exist, primate models are considered as predictive for drug transport to brain in humans. Based on our previous expertise we have developed and characterized a non-human primate co-culture BBB model using primary cultures of monkey brain endothelial cells, rat brain pericytes, and rat astrocytes. Monkey brain endothelial cells in the presence of both pericytes and astrocytes (EPA model) expressed enhanced barrier properties and increased levels of tight junction proteins occludin, claudin-5, and ZO-1. Co-culture conditions also elevated the expression of key BBB influx and efflux transporters, including glucose transporter-1, MFSD2A, ABCB1, and ABCG2. The correlation between the endothelial permeability coefficients of 10 well known drugs was higher (R2 = 0.8788) when the monkey and rat BBB culture models were compared than when the monkey culture model was compared to mouse in vivo data (R2 = 0.6619), hinting at transporter differences. The applicability of the new non-human primate model in drug discovery has been proven in several studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Watanabe
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (D.W.); (J.A.)
- BBB Laboratory, PharmaCo-Cell Co., Ltd., Nagasaki 852-8135, Japan;
| | - Shinsuke Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan;
| | - Yoichi Morofuji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan;
| | - Andrea E. Tóth
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Monika Vastag
- In Vitro Metabolism Research, Division of Pharmacology and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc., Gyömrői út 19-21, H-1103 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Jun Aruga
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (D.W.); (J.A.)
| | - Masami Niwa
- BBB Laboratory, PharmaCo-Cell Co., Ltd., Nagasaki 852-8135, Japan;
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
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10
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhou D, Wang K, Wang X, Wang X, Jiang Y, Zhao M, Yu R, Zhou X. Radiation-induced YAP activation confers glioma radioresistance via promoting FGF2 transcription and DNA damage repair. Oncogene 2021; 40:4580-4591. [PMID: 34127812 PMCID: PMC8266683 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although radiotherapy is a well-known effective non-surgical treatment for malignant gliomas, the therapeutic efficacy is severely limited due to the radioresistance of tumor cells. Previously, we demonstrated that Yes-associated protein (YAP) promotes glioma malignant progression. However, whether YAP plays a role in radioresistance and its potential value in cancer treatment are still unclear. In this study, we found that high YAP expression is associated with poor prognosis in malignant glioma patients undergoing radiotherapy. Research in immortalized cell lines and primary cells from GBM patients revealed that YAP exhibited a radioresistant effect on gliomas via promoting DNA damage repair. Mechanistically, after radiation, YAP was translocated into the nucleus, where it promoted the expression and secretion of FGF2, leading to MAPK-ERK pathway activation. FGF2 is a novel target gene of YAP. Inhibition of YAP-FGF2-MAPK signaling sensitizes gliomas to radiotherapy and prolongs the survival of intracranial cell-derived and patient-derived xenograft models. These results suggest that YAP-FGF2-MAPK is a key mechanism of radioresistance and is an actionable target for improving radiotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ding Zhou
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiuping Zhou
- Institute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Klimaschewski L, Claus P. Fibroblast Growth Factor Signalling in the Diseased Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3884-3902. [PMID: 33860438 PMCID: PMC8280051 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) act as key signalling molecules in brain development, maintenance, and repair. They influence the intricate relationship between myelinating cells and axons as well as the association of astrocytic and microglial processes with neuronal perikarya and synapses. Advances in molecular genetics and imaging techniques have allowed novel insights into FGF signalling in recent years. Conditional mouse mutants have revealed the functional significance of neuronal and glial FGF receptors, not only in tissue protection, axon regeneration, and glial proliferation but also in instant behavioural changes. This review provides a summary of recent findings regarding the role of FGFs and their receptors in the nervous system and in the pathogenesis of major neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Klimaschewski
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Peter Claus
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
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12
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Ujifuku K, Fujimoto T, Sato K, Morofuji Y, Muto H, Masumoto H, Nakagawa S, Niwa M, Matsuo T. Exploration of Pericyte-Derived Factors Implicated in Lung Cancer Brain Metastasis Protection: A Pilot Messenger RNA Sequencing Using the Blood-Brain Barrier In Vitro Model. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:997-1004. [PMID: 33136276 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic brain tumors have poor prognoses and pose unmet clinical problems for the patients. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) implication is supposed to play a major role in brain metastasis. However, the role of pericytes remains to be elucidated in the brain metastasis. This pilot study described the expression profile of interactions between pericytes, endothelial cells, and cancer cells. We applied an in vitro BBB model with rat primary cultured BBB-related cells (endothelial cells and pericytes), and performed the gene expression analyses of pericytes under the lung cancer cells coculture conditions. Pericytes demonstrated inhibition of the cancer cell proliferation significantly (p < 0.05). RNA was extracted from the pericytes, complementary DNA library was prepared, and RNA-seq was performed. The sequence read data were analyzed on the Management and Analysis System for Enormous Reads and Tag Count Comparison-Graphical User Interface platforms. No statistically or biologically significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the explanatory analyses. Lot-specific DEG detection demonstrated significant decreases in the expression of two genes (Wwtr1 and Acin1), and enrichment analyses using Metascape software revealed the inhibition of apoptotic processes in fibroblasts. Our results suggest that the expression profiles of brain pericytes are partially implicated in the prevention of lung cancer metastasis to the brain. Pericytes exerted an anti-metastatic effect in the BBB model, and their neurohumoral factors remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Ujifuku
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Takashi Fujimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kei Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yoichi Morofuji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hideki Muto
- Biomedical Research Support Center, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masumoto
- Biomedical Research Support Center, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Masami Niwa
- BBB Laboratory, PharmaCo-Cell Company Ltd., Dai-ichi-senshu bldg. 2nd floor, 6-19 Chitose-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8135, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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13
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Uzu M, Takezawa T. Novel microvascular endothelial model utilizing a collagen vitrigel membrane and its advantages for predicting histamine-induced microvascular hyperpermeability. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 106:106916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Defective Function of the Blood-Brain Barrier in a Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat: Evaluation in an In Vitro Cell Culture Model. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:243-253. [PMID: 32648236 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) comprises three cell types: brain capillary endothelial cells (BECs), astrocytes, and pericytes. Abnormal interaction among these cells may induce BBB dysfunction and lead to cerebrovascular diseases. The stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) harbors a defective BBB, so we designed the present study to examine the role of these three cell types in a functional disorder of the BBB in SHRSP in order to elucidate the role of these cells in the BBB more generally. To this end, we employed a unique in vitro model of BBB, in which various combinations of the cells could be tested. The three types of cells were prepared from both SHRSPs and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs). They were then co-cultured in various combinations to construct in vitro BBB models. The barrier function of the models was estimated by measuring transendothelial electrical resistance and the permeability of the endothelial monolayer to sodium fluorescein. The in vitro models revealed that (1) BECs from SHRSPs had an inherent lower barrier function, (2) astrocytes of SHRSPs had an impaired ability to induce barrier function in BECs, although (3) both pericytes and astrocytes of SHRSPs and WKYs could potentiate the barrier function of BECs under co-culture conditions. Furthermore, we found that claudin-5 expression was consistently lower in models that used BECs and/or SHRSP astrocytes. These results suggested that defective interaction among BBB cells-especially BECs and astrocytes-was responsible for a functional disorder of the BBB in SHRSPs.
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15
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Jimenez-Pascual A, Mitchell K, Siebzehnrubl FA, Lathia JD. FGF2: a novel druggable target for glioblastoma? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:311-318. [PMID: 32174197 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1736558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are key mitogens in tissue homeostasis and cancer. FGF2 regulates self-renewal of multiple stem-cell types, is widely used in stem cell culture paradigms and has been adopted for cultivating the growth of cancer stem cells ex vivo. Research has shed light on the functions of FGF2 in brain tumors, particularly malignant glioma, and this has demonstrated that FGF2 increases self-renewal of glioblastoma stem cells.Areas covered: This review examines the potential targeting of FGF2 signaling as a possible treatment avenue for glioblastoma. The expression of FGF ligands and the FGFR family of receptor tyrosine kinases in the normal brain and in glioblastoma is described. Moreover, the paper sheds light on FGF/FGFR signaling, including the function of heparin/heparan sulfate proteoglycans in facilitating FGF signaling. We speculate on potential avenues for the therapeutic targeting of the FGF2-FGF receptor signaling axis in glioblastoma and the associated challenges envisioned with these approaches.Expert opinion: Precision targeting of FGF/FGFR signaling could improve prospective glioblastoma therapeutics and moderate adverse effects. Shrewd development of experimental models and FGF2 inhibitors could provide a 'pharmacological toolbox' for targeting diverse ligand/receptor combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jimenez-Pascual
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kelly Mitchell
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Florian A Siebzehnrubl
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff, UK
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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16
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Evran S, Baran O, Kayhan A, Katar S, Akkaya E, Cevik S, Kaya M, Sonmez D, Serin H, Kaynar MY. The Expression of MIR17HG Protein as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Meningioma. World Neurosurg 2020; 137:e554-e563. [PMID: 32068173 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MIR17 host gene (MIR17HG) is a potential therapeutic target for some cancer types. The aim of this study was to assess MIR17HG protein levels in patients with meningioma who had not been reported previously in the literature and comparing with normal meninges tissues. METHODS MIR17HG protein levels were measured in 46 samples including 25 meningioma tissues procured during surgery and 21 normal meninges tissues obtained within 4 hours of death during autopsy procedures. Each sample was stored at -80°C until the evaluation of MIR17HG protein using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay principle. Results were compared between the groups. RESULTS MIR17HG protein levels were significantly higher in meningioma tissues compared with controls and difference was statistically significant (P = 0.012). Both World Health Organization grade I and grade II meningiomas had higher MIR17HG protein levels compared with controls and differences were statistically significant (P = 0.026 for grade I and P = 0.042 for grade II). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the cutoff of MIR17HG protein value in differentiating meningioma and control groups. At the cutoff value for MIR17HG protein of >0.0998 ng/mL, the sensitivity was 73.91%, 71.43%, and 77.78% and area under the curve was 0.756, 0.753, and 0.761 for meningioma group, grade I, and grade II subgroups, respectively, and specificity was 69.23% for each group. CONCLUSIONS MIR17HG protein expression was found to have a higher level in meningiomas than in normal meninges tissues in our study. Considering the recurrence and irresectability for some meningiomas, which require further treatment, MIR17HG may be a new target for treatment in meningiomas and our study will shed light on further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevket Evran
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Haseki Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Oguz Baran
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Haseki Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kayhan
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Haseki Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Salim Katar
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Diyarbakir State Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Enes Akkaya
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Cevik
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Memorial Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kaya
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Eregli State Hospital, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Derya Sonmez
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huriye Serin
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Li H, Shen S, Ruan X, Liu X, Zheng J, Liu Y, Yang C, Wang D, Liu L, Ma J, Ma T, Wang P, Cai H, Li Z, Zhao L, Xue Y. Biosynthetic CircRNA_001160 induced by PTBP1 regulates the permeability of BTB via the CircRNA_001160/miR-195-5p/ETV1 axis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:960. [PMID: 31862871 PMCID: PMC6925104 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of the blood-tumor barrier (BTB) severely impedes the transport of anti-neoplasm drugs to the central nervous system, affecting the therapeutic effects of glioma. Glioma endothelial cells (GECs) are the main structural basis of the BTB. Circular RNA is considered to be an important regulator of endothelial cell growth. In this study, we found that polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1) and circRNA_001160 were remarkably upregulated in GECs. Knockdown of PTBP1 or circRNA_001160 significantly increased BTB permeability, respectively. As a molecular sponge of miR-195-5p, circRNA_001160 attenuated its negative regulation of the target gene ETV1 by adsorbing miR-195-5p. In addition, ETV1 was overexpression in GECs. ETV1 bounded to the promoter regions of tight junction-related proteins and increased the promoter activities, which significantly promoted the expression levels of tight junction-related proteins. The present study showed that the combined application of PTBP1, circRNA_001160, and miR-195-5p with the anti-tumor drug Dox effectively promoted Dox through BTB and extremely induced the apoptosis of glioma cells. Our results demonstrated that the PTBP1/circRNA_001160/miR-195-5p/ETV1 axis was critical in the regulation of BTB permeability and provided new targets for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyuan Shen
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelei Ruan
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lini Zhao
- Department of pharmacology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Abstract
Treatment of certain central nervous system disorders, including different types of cerebral malignancies, is limited by traditional oral or systemic administrations of therapeutic drugs due to possible serious side effects and/or lack of the brain penetration and, therefore, the efficacy of the drugs is diminished. During the last decade, several new technologies were developed to overcome barrier properties of cerebral capillaries. This review gives a short overview of the structural elements and anatomical features of the blood–brain barrier. The various in vitro (static and dynamic), in vivo (microdialysis), and in situ (brain perfusion) blood–brain barrier models are also presented. The drug formulations and administration options to deliver molecules effectively to the central nervous system (CNS) are presented. Nanocarriers, nanoparticles (lipid, polymeric, magnetic, gold, and carbon based nanoparticles, dendrimers, etc.), viral and peptid vectors and shuttles, sonoporation and microbubbles are briefly shown. The modulation of receptors and efflux transporters in the cell membrane can also be an effective approach to enhance brain exposure to therapeutic compounds. Intranasal administration is a noninvasive delivery route to bypass the blood–brain barrier, while direct brain administration is an invasive mode to target the brain region with therapeutic drug concentrations locally. Nowadays, both technological and mechanistic tools are available to assist in overcoming the blood–brain barrier. With these techniques more effective and even safer drugs can be developed for the treatment of devastating brain disorders.
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19
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Delsing L, Dönnes P, Sánchez J, Clausen M, Voulgaris D, Falk A, Herland A, Brolén G, Zetterberg H, Hicks R, Synnergren J. Barrier Properties and Transcriptome Expression in Human iPSC-Derived Models of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1816-1827. [PMID: 30171748 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based models of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are important for increasing the knowledge of BBB formation, degradation and brain exposure of drug substances. Human models are preferred over animal models because of interspecies differences in BBB structure and function. However, access to human primary BBB tissue is limited and has shown degeneration of BBB functions in vitro. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be used to generate relevant cell types to model the BBB with human tissue. We generated a human iPSC-derived model of the BBB that includes endothelial cells in coculture with pericytes, astrocytes and neurons. Evaluation of barrier properties showed that the endothelial cells in our coculture model have high transendothelial electrical resistance, functional efflux and ability to discriminate between CNS permeable and non-permeable substances. Whole genome expression profiling revealed transcriptional changes that occur in coculture, including upregulation of tight junction proteins, such as claudins and neurotransmitter transporters. Pathway analysis implicated changes in the WNT, TNF, and PI3K-Akt pathways upon coculture. Our data suggest that coculture of iPSC-derived endothelial cells promotes barrier formation on a functional and transcriptional level. The information about gene expression changes in coculture can be used to further improve iPSC-derived BBB models through selective pathway manipulation. Stem Cells 2018;36:1816-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Delsing
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.,Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - José Sánchez
- Biostatistics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Maryam Clausen
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Voulgaris
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Falk
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Herland
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriella Brolén
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Ryan Hicks
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jane Synnergren
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
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20
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Leng X, Ma J, Liu Y, Shen S, Yu H, Zheng J, Liu X, Liu L, Chen J, Zhao L, Ruan X, Xue Y. Mechanism of piR-DQ590027/MIR17HG regulating the permeability of glioma conditioned normal BBB. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:246. [PMID: 30305135 PMCID: PMC6180493 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The blood-brain barrier (BBB) strongly restricts the entry of anti-glioma drugs into tumor tissues and thus decreases chemotherapy efficacy. Malignant gliomas are highly invasive tumours that use the perivascular space for invasion and co-opt existing vessels as satellite tumor form. Because regulation of the effect of noncoding RNA on BBB function is attracting growing attention, we investigated the effects of noncoding RNA on the permeability of glioma conditioned normal BBB and the mechanism involved using PIWI-associated RNA piR-DQ590027 as a starting point. Methods The mRNA levels of MIR17HG, miR-153, miR-377, ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 were determined using real-time PCR. Transient cell transfection was performed using Lipofectamine 3000 reagent. TEER and HRP flux were applied to measure the permeability of glioma conditioned normal BBB. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were used to measure ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 levels. Reporter vector construction and a luciferase reporter assay were performed to detect the binding sites of MIR17HG and piR-DQ590027, MIR17HG and miR-153 (miR-377), and FOXR2 and miR-153 (miR-377). RNA immunoprecipitation was used to test the interaction between miR-153 (miR-377) and its target proteins. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to detect the interaction between the transcription factor FOXR2 and ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5. Results piR-DQ590027 was expressed at low levels in glioma-conditioned ECs (GECs) of the in vitro glioma conditioned normal BBB model. Overexpression of piR-DQ590027 down-regulated the expressions of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 and increased the permeability of glioma conditioned normal BBB. MIR17HG had high expression in GECs but miR-153 and miR-377 had low expression. piR-DQ590027 bound to and negatively regulated MIR17HG. FOXR2 was a downstream target of miR-153 and miR-377; MIR17HG bound separately to miR-153 and miR-377 and negatively regulated their ability to mediate FOXR2 expression. FOXR2 associated with the promoter regions of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 in GECs to promote their transcription. Conclusion The piR-DQ590027/MIR17HG/miR-153 (miR-377)/FOXR2 pathway plays an important role in regulating glioma conditioned normal BBB permeability and provides a new target for the comprehensive treatment of glioma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0886-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Leng
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Research Center for Clinical Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyuan Shen
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Research Center for Clinical Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Research Center for Clinical Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Liaoning Research Center for Clinical Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Lini Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelei Ruan
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Neurovascular dysfunction in dementia - human cellular models and molecular mechanisms. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:399-418. [PMID: 29444850 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
From the earliest stages of development, when cerebral angiogenesis and neurogenesis are entwined, to the end of life, the interplay between vascular and neural systems of the brain is critical in health and disease. Cerebral microvascular endothelial cells constitute the blood-brain barrier and in concert with pericytes or smooth muscle cells, glia and neurons, integrate into a functional neurovascular unit (NVU). This multicellular NVU maintains homoeostasis of the brain's microenvironment by restricting the entry of systemic pathogens and neurotoxins as well as meeting the metabolic demands of neural activity. Recent evidence of cerebral microvascular pathologies in vascular diseases and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, has challenged the notion that vascular events are merely the consequence of neuronal pathology. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms of neurovascular dysfunction in dementia and outlines currently employed in vitro models to decode such mechanisms. Deciphering neurovascular crosstalk is likely to be more important in understanding the molecular mechanisms of disease than previously anticipated and may offer novel therapeutic opportunities for dementia and related conditions.
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22
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Wang C, Li K, Li T, Chen Z, Wen Y, Liu X, Jia X, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Han M, Komatsu N, Zhao L, Chen X. Monocyte-mediated chemotherapy drug delivery in glioblastoma. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 13:157-178. [PMID: 29173008 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To mechanistically prove the concept of monocyte-mediated nano drug delivery in glioblastoma (GBM). RESULTS nano-doxorubicin-loaded monocytes (Nano-DOX-MC) were viable, able to cross an artificial endothelial barrier and capable of infiltrating GBM spheroids and releasing drug therein. GBM cells stimulated unloading of Nano-DOX-MC and took up the unloaded drug and released damage-associated molecular patterns. In mice with orthotopic GBM xenografts, Nano-DOX-MC resulted in much improved tumor drug delivery efficacy and damage-associated molecular patterns emission. Mechanistically, Nano-DOX was found sequestered in the lysosomal compartment and to induce autophagy, which may underlie MC's tolerance to Nano-DOX. Lysosomal exocytosis was found involved in the discharging mechanism of intracellular Nano-DOX. CONCLUSION Nano-DOX can be effectively delivered by MC in GBM and induce cancer cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan 430072, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ke Li
- Center for Lab Teaching of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tongfei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuemei Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yichao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yonghong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Ophthalmological Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Min Han
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Naoki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Human & Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Radiation Medicine & Protection (SRMP), School of Radiation & Multidisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan 430072, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
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23
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Thomas TM, Yu JS. Metabolic regulation of glioma stem-like cells in the tumor micro-environment. Cancer Lett 2017; 408:174-181. [PMID: 28743531 PMCID: PMC5790120 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metabolism has emerged as one of the most interesting old ideas being revisited from a new perspective. In the early 20th century Otto Warburg declared metabolism the prime cause in a disease of many secondary causes, and this statement seems more prescient in view of modern expositions into the true nature of tumor evolution. As the complexity of tumor heterogeneity becomes more clear from a genetic perspective, it is important to consider the inevitably heterogeneous metabolic components of the tumor and the tumor microenvironment. High grade gliomas remain one of the most difficult to treat solid tumors, due in part to the highly vascularized nature of the tumor and the maintenance of more resistant stem-like subpopulations within the tumor. Maintenance of glioma stem cells (GSCs) requires specific alterations within the cells and the greater tumor microenvironment with regards to signaling and metabolism. Specific niches within gliomas help foster the survival of stem-like sub-populations of cells with high tumorigenicity and high metabolic plasticity. Understanding these maintenance pathways and the metabolic dependencies within the niche may highlight potential avenues of addressing tumor resistance and recurrence in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom M Thomas
- Maxine-Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - John S Yu
- Maxine-Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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24
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Yang S, Mei S, Jin H, Zhu B, Tian Y, Huo J, Cui X, Guo A, Zhao Z. Identification of two immortalized cell lines, ECV304 and bEnd3, for in vitro permeability studies of blood-brain barrier. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187017. [PMID: 29059256 PMCID: PMC5653355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify suitable cell lines for a mimetic system of in vivo blood-brain barrier (BBB) for drug permeability assessment, we characterized two immortalized cell lines, ECV304 and bEnd3 in the respect of the tightness, tight junction proteins, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function and discriminative brain penetration. The ECV304 monoculture achieved higher transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and lower permeability to Lucifer yellow than bEnd3. However, co-culture with rat glioma C6 cells impaired the integrity of ECV304 and bEnd3 cell layers perhaps due to the heterogeneity among C6 cells in inducing BBB characteristics. The immunostaining of ZO-1 delivered distinct bands along cell borders on both cell lines while those of occludin and claudin-5 were diffused and weak. P-gp functionality was only proved in bEnd3 by Rhodamine 123 (R123) uptake assay. A permeability test of reference compounds displayed a similar rank order (digoxin < R123 < quinidine, verapamil < propranolol) in ECV304 and bEnd3 cells. In comparison with bEnd3, ECV304 developed tighter barrier for the passage of reference compounds and higher discrimination between transcellular and paracellular transport. However, the monoculture models of ECV304 and bEnd3 fail to achieve the sufficient tightness of in vitro BBB permeability models with high TEER and evident immunostaining of tight junction proteins. Further strategies to enhance the paracellular tightness of both cell lines to mimic in vivo BBB tight barrier deserve to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghui Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Institute of Disease Prevention and Control of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiping Huo
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cui
- Neurology Research, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Anchen Guo
- Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Research, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (AG)
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (AG)
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25
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Choi JH, Cho HY, Choi JW. Microdevice Platform for In Vitro Nervous System and Its Disease Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:E77. [PMID: 28952555 PMCID: PMC5615323 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of precise microdevices can be applied to the reconstruction of in vitro human microenvironmental systems with biomimetic physiological conditions that have highly tunable spatial and temporal features. Organ-on-a-chip can emulate human physiological functions, particularly at the organ level, as well as its specific roles in the body. Due to the complexity of the structure of the central nervous system and its intercellular interaction, there remains an urgent need for the development of human brain or nervous system models. Thus, various microdevice models have been proposed to mimic actual human brain physiology, which can be categorized as nervous system-on-a-chip. Nervous system-on-a-chip platforms can prove to be promising technologies, through the application of their biomimetic features to the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This article reviews the microdevices for nervous system-on-a-chip platform incorporated with neurobiology and microtechnology, including microfluidic designs that are biomimetic to the entire nervous system. The emulation of both neurodegenerative disorders and neural stem cell behavior patterns in micro-platforms is also provided, which can be used as a basis to construct nervous system-on-a-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ha Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 04107, Korea.
| | - Hyeon-Yeol Cho
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 04107, Korea.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 04107, Korea.
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26
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Jain M, Gamage NDH, Alsulami M, Shankar A, Achyut BR, Angara K, Rashid MH, Iskander A, Borin TF, Wenbo Z, Ara R, Ali MM, Lebedyeva I, Chwang WB, Guo A, Bagher-Ebadian H, Arbab AS. Intravenous Formulation of HET0016 Decreased Human Glioblastoma Growth and Implicated Survival Benefit in Rat Xenograft Models. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41809. [PMID: 28139732 PMCID: PMC5282583 DOI: 10.1038/srep41809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a hypervascular primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. HET0016 is a selective CYP450 inhibitor, which has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth. Therefore, to explore novel treatments, we have generated an improved intravenous (IV) formulation of HET0016 with HPßCD and tested in animal models of human and syngeneic GBM. Administration of a single IV dose resulted in 7-fold higher levels of HET0016 in plasma and 3.6-fold higher levels in tumor at 60 min than that in IP route. IV treatment with HPßCD-HET0016 decreased tumor growth, and altered vascular kinetics in early and late treatment groups (p < 0.05). Similar growth inhibition was observed in syngeneic GL261 GBM (p < 0.05). Survival studies using patient derived xenografts of GBM811, showed prolonged survival to 26 weeks in animals treated with focal radiation, in combination with HET0016 and TMZ (p < 0.05). We observed reduced expression of markers of cell proliferation (Ki-67), decreased neovascularization (laminin and αSMA), in addition to inflammation and angiogenesis markers in the treatment group (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that HPßCD-HET0016 is effective in inhibiting tumor growth through decreasing proliferation, and neovascularization. Furthermore, HPßCD-HET0016 significantly prolonged survival in PDX GBM811 model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Jain
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Meshal Alsulami
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Adarsh Shankar
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bhagelu R. Achyut
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kartik Angara
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mohammad H. Rashid
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Asm Iskander
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Thaiz F. Borin
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zhi Wenbo
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Roxan Ara
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Meser M. Ali
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Iryna Lebedyeva
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Wilson B. Chwang
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Austin Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Hassan Bagher-Ebadian
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ali S. Arbab
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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27
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Ye LB, Yu XC, Xia QH, Yang Y, Chen DQ, Wu F, Wei XJ, Zhang X, Zheng BB, Fu XB, Xu HZ, Li XK, Xiao J, Zhang HY. Regulation of Caveolin-1 and Junction Proteins by bFGF Contributes to the Integrity of Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier and Functional Recovery. Neurotherapeutics 2016; 13:844-858. [PMID: 27170156 PMCID: PMC5147725 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-016-0437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) plays important roles in the recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI), and caveolin-1 is essential for the integrity and permeability of barriers. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is an important neuroprotective protein and contributes to the survival of neuronal cells. This study was designed to investigate whether bFGF is beneficial for the maintenance of junction proteins and the integrity of the BSCB to identify the relations with caveolin-1 regulation. We examined the integrity of the BSCB with Evans blue dye and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran extravasation, measured the junction proteins and matrix metalloproteinases, and evaluated the locomotor function recovery. Our data indicated that bFGF treatment improved the recovery of BSCB and functional locomotion in contusive SCI model rats, reduced the expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9, and increased the expressions of caveolin-1 and junction proteins, including occludin, claudin-5, p120-catenin, and β-catenin. In the brain, in microvascular endothelial cells, bFGF treatment increased the levels of junction proteins, caveolin-1 small interfering RNA abolished the protective effect of bFGF under oxygen-glucose deprivation conditions, and the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and co-localization with caveolin-1 decreased significantly, which could not be reversed by bFGF treatment. These findings provide a novel mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of bFGF on the BSCB and recovery of SCI, especially the regulation of caveolin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bing Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xi-Chong Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Qing-Hai Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Da-Qing Chen
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Fenzan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cixi People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315300, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cixi People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315300, China
| | - Xie Zhang
- Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Bin-Bin Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Fu
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Hua-Zi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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28
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Wu CK, Tseng PT, Chen YW, Tu KY, Lin PY. Significantly higher peripheral fibroblast growth factor-2 levels in patients with major depressive disorder: A preliminary meta-analysis under MOOSE guidelines. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4563. [PMID: 27537581 PMCID: PMC5370807 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate the important roles of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and FGF receptors (FGFRs) in neural survival, neurogenesis, oxidative stress, and emotional behavior. However, evidence on the role of FGF and FGFR in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains limited and inconclusive. OBJECTIVES This preliminary meta-analysis aimed to examine changes in peripheral or central FGF and FGFR levels in patients with MDD. DATA SOURCES Electronic research through platform of PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS We used the inclusion criteria: articles discussing the comparisons of FGF levels, either in peripheral or central environment, in patients with MDD and in healthy controls (HC); articles on clinical trials in humans; and case-control trials. Case reports or series and nonclinical trials were excluded. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Using a thorough literature search, the FGF/FGFR levels in patients with MDD and HC were compared. Four studies on peripheral FGF-2 and 3 on central FGF-2 and FGFR1 levels were included. RESULTS The findings reveal significantly higher peripheral FGF-2 protein and central FGFR1 RNA levels in patients with MDD than in HC (P = 0.005 and 0.006, separately), but no significant association with clinical variables. There was also no significant difference in the central FGF-2 levels in patients with MDD and in HC (P = 0.180). LIMITATION The study has limitations of a small number of included studies, lack of meta-analysis of the FGF changes along with treatment, and lack of direct evidence on correlation of peripheral FGF-2 with central FGF-2 levels. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS This preliminary meta-analysis points out a new direction for future studies investigating the relationship among MDD, oxidative stress, and the FGF family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Kuan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home
| | - Ping-Tao Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home
| | | | - Kun-Yu Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home
| | - Pao-Yen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Pao-Yen Lin, Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Dapi Road, Niaosong, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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Aparicio-Blanco J, Martín-Sabroso C, Torres-Suárez AI. In vitro screening of nanomedicines through the blood brain barrier: A critical review. Biomaterials 2016; 103:229-255. [PMID: 27392291 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier accounts for the high attrition rate of the treatments of most brain disorders, which therefore remain one of the greatest health-care challenges of the twenty first century. Against this background of hindrance to brain delivery, nanomedicine takes advantage of the assembly at the nanoscale of available biomaterials to provide a delivery platform with potential to raising brain levels of either imaging or therapeutic agents. Nevertheless, to prevent later failure due to ineffective drug levels at the target site, researchers have been endeavoring to develop a battery of in vitro screening procedures that can predict earlier in the drug discovery process the ability of these cutting-edge drug delivery platforms to cross the blood-brain barrier for biomedical purposes. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the currently available in vitro blood-brain barrier models (both cell-based and non-cell-based) with the focus on their suitability for understanding the biological brain distribution of forthcoming nanomedicines. The relationship between experimental factors and underlying physiological assumptions that would ultimately lead to a more predictive capacity of their in vivo performance, and those methods already assayed for the evaluation of the brain distribution of nanomedicines are comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Aparicio-Blanco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Martín-Sabroso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana-Isabel Torres-Suárez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain; University Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Glioma Stem Cells and Their Microenvironments: Providers of Challenging Therapeutic Targets. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:5728438. [PMID: 26977157 PMCID: PMC4764748 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5728438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are aggressive brain tumors with limited therapeutic options, possibly because of highly tumorigenic subpopulations of glioma stem cells. These cells require specific microenvironments to maintain their “stemness,” described as perivascular and hypoxic niches. Each of those niches induces particular signatures in glioma stem cells (e.g., activation of Notch signaling, secretion of VEGF, bFGF, SDF1 for the vascular niche, activation of HIF2α, and metabolic reprogramming for hypoxic niche). Recently, accumulated knowledge on tumor-associated macrophages, possibly delineating a third niche, has underlined the role of immune cells in glioma progression, via specific chemoattractant factors and cytokines, such as macrophage-colony stimulation factor (M-CSF). The local or myeloid origin of this new component of glioma stem cells niche is yet to be determined. Such niches are being increasingly recognized as key regulators involved in multiple stages of disease progression, therapy resistance, immune-escaping, and distant metastasis, thereby substantially impacting the future development of frontline interventions in clinical oncology. This review focuses on the microenvironment impact on the glioma stem cell biology, emphasizing GSCs cross talk with hypoxic, perivascular, and immune niches and their potential use as targeted therapy.
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31
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Kealy J, Campbell M. The Blood-Brain Barrier in Glioblastoma: Pathology and Therapeutic Implications. RESISTANCE TO TARGETED ANTI-CANCER THERAPEUTICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46505-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Vishnoi M, Peddibhotla S, Yin W, T Scamardo A, George GC, Hong DS, Marchetti D. The isolation and characterization of CTC subsets related to breast cancer dormancy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17533. [PMID: 26631983 PMCID: PMC4668355 DOI: 10.1038/srep17533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncovering CTCs phenotypes offer the promise to dissect their heterogeneity related to metastatic competence. CTC survival rates are highly variable and this can lead to many questions as yet unexplored properties of CTCs responsible for invasion and metastasis vs dormancy. We isolated CTC subsets from peripheral blood of patients diagnosed with or without breast cancer brain metastasis. CTC subsets were selected for EpCAM negativity but positivity for CD44(+)/CD24(-) stem cell signature; along with combinatorial expression of uPAR and int β1, two markers directly implicated in breast cancer dormancy mechanisms. CTC subsets were cultured in vitro generating 3D CTC tumorspheres which were interrogated for biomarker profiling and biological characteristics. We identified proliferative and invasive properties of 3D CTC tumorspheres distinctive upon uPAR/int β1 combinatorial expression. The molecular characterization of uPAR/int β1 CTC subsets may enhance abilities to prospectively identify patients who may be at high risk of developing BCBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Vishnoi
- Biomarker Research Program Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Sirisha Peddibhotla
- Department of Pathology &Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Wei Yin
- Biomarker Research Program Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Antonio T Scamardo
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Goldy C George
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Dario Marchetti
- Biomarker Research Program Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX.,Department of Molecular &Cellular Biology and The Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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33
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Promising approaches to circumvent the blood-brain barrier: progress, pitfalls and clinical prospects in brain cancer. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:989-1016. [PMID: 26488496 DOI: 10.4155/tde.15.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain drug delivery is a major challenge for therapy of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Biochemical modifications of drugs or drug nanocarriers, methods of local delivery, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption with focused ultrasound and microbubbles are promising approaches which enhance transport or bypass the BBB. These approaches are discussed in the context of brain cancer as an example in CNS drug development. Targeting to receptors enabling transport across the BBB offers noninvasive delivery of small molecule and biological cancer therapeutics. Local delivery methods enable high dose delivery while avoiding systemic exposure. BBB disruption with focused ultrasound and microbubbles offers local and noninvasive treatment. Clinical trials show the prospects of these technologies and point to challenges for the future.
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Odijk M, van der Meer AD, Levner D, Kim HJ, van der Helm MW, Segerink LI, Frimat JP, Hamilton GA, Ingber DE, van den Berg A. Measuring direct current trans-epithelial electrical resistance in organ-on-a-chip microsystems. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:745-52. [PMID: 25427650 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01219d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements are widely used as real-time, non-destructive, and label-free measurements of epithelial and endothelial barrier function. TEER measurements are ideal for characterizing tissue barrier function in organs-on-chip studies for drug testing and investigation of human disease models; however, published reports using this technique have reported highly conflicting results even with identical cell lines and experimental setups. The differences are even more dramatic when comparing measurements in conventional Transwell systems with those obtained in microfluidic systems. Our goal in this work was therefore to enhance the fidelity of TEER measurements in microfluidic organs-on-chips, specifically using direct current (DC) measurements of TEER, as this is the most widely used method reported in the literature. Here we present a mathematical model that accounts for differences measured in TEER between microfluidic chips and Transwell systems, which arise from differences in device geometry. The model is validated by comparing TEER measurements obtained in a microfluidic gut-on-a-chip device versus in a Transwell culture system. Moreover, we show that even small gaps in cell coverage (e.g., 0.4%) are sufficient to cause a significant (~80%) drop in TEER. Importantly, these findings demonstrate that TEER measurements obtained in microfluidic systems, such as organs-on-chips, require special consideration, specifically when results are to be compared with measurements obtained from Transwell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS/Lab-on-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P. O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Barbosa DJ, Capela JP, de Lourdes Bastos M, Carvalho F. In vitro models for neurotoxicology research. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015; 4:801-842. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervous system has a highly complex organization, including many cell types with multiple functions, with an intricate anatomy and unique structural and functional characteristics; the study of its (dys)functionality following exposure to xenobiotics, neurotoxicology, constitutes an important issue in neurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel José Barbosa
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - João Paulo Capela
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
| | - Félix Carvalho
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia)
- Laboratório de Toxicologia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
- Faculdade de Farmácia
- Universidade do Porto
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong He
- From the Emergency Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China (Y.H., Y.C.); Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY (Y.Y.); and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY (S.E.T.)
| | - Yao Yao
- From the Emergency Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China (Y.H., Y.C.); Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY (Y.Y.); and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY (S.E.T.)
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- From the Emergency Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China (Y.H., Y.C.); Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY (Y.Y.); and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY (S.E.T.)
| | - Yu Cao
- From the Emergency Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China (Y.H., Y.C.); Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY (Y.Y.); and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, NY (S.E.T.).
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Wilhelm I, Krizbai IA. In vitro models of the blood-brain barrier for the study of drug delivery to the brain. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1949-63. [PMID: 24641309 DOI: 10.1021/mp500046f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The most important obstacle to the drug delivery into the brain is the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which limits the traffic of substances between the blood and the nervous tissue. Therefore, adequate in vitro models need to be developed in order to characterize the penetration properties of drug candidates into the central nervous system. This review article summarizes the presently used and the most promising in vitro BBB models based on the culture of brain endothelial cells. Robust models can be obtained using primary porcine brain endothelial cells and rodent coculture models, which have low paracellular permeability and express functional efflux transporters, showing good correlation of drug penetration data with in vivo results. Models mimicking the in vivo anatomophysiological complexity of the BBB are also available, including triple coculture (culture of brain endothelial cells in the presence of pericytes and astrocytes), dynamic, and microfluidic models; however, these are not suitable for rapid, high throughput studies. Potent human cell lines would be needed for easily available and reproducible models which avoid interspecies differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Temesvári krt. 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
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Haley EM, Kim Y. The role of basic fibroblast growth factor in glioblastoma multiforme and glioblastoma stem cells and in their in vitro culture. Cancer Lett 2014; 346:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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