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Shan W, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Wu S, Zhao L, Ip P, Tucker JD, Jiang F. Positive parent-child interactions moderate certain maltreatment effects on psychosocial well-being in 6-year-old children. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:802-808. [PMID: 37833534 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive parental interactions may buffer maltreated children from poor psychosocial outcomes. The study aims to evaluate the associations between various types of maltreatment and psychosocial outcomes in early childhood, and examine the moderating effect of positive parent-child interactions on them. METHODS Data were from a representative Chinese 6-year-old children sample (n = 17,088). Caregivers reported the history of child maltreatment perpetrated by any individuals, completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as a proxy for psychosocial well-being, and reported the frequency of their interactions with children by the Chinese Parent-Child Interaction Scale. RESULTS Physical abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse were all associated with higher odds of psychosocial problems (aOR = 1.90 [95% CI: 1.57-2.29], aOR = 1.92 [95% CI: 1.75-2.10], aOR = 1.64 [95% CI: 1.17-2.30], aOR = 2.03 [95% CI: 1.30-3.17]). Positive parent-child interactions were associated with lower odds of psychosocial problems after accounting for different types of maltreatment. The moderating effect of frequent parent-child interactions was found only in the association between occasional only physical abuse and psychosocial outcomes (interaction term: aOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15-0.77). CONCLUSIONS Maltreatment and positive parent-child interactions have impacts on psychosocial well-being in early childhood. Positive parent-child interactions could only buffer the adverse effect of occasional physical abuse on psychosocial outcomes. More frequent parent-child interactions may be an important intervention opportunity among some children. IMPACT It provides the first data on the prevalence of different single types and combinations of maltreatment in early childhood in Shanghai, China by drawing on a city-level population-representative sample. It adds to evidence that different forms and degrees of maltreatment were all associated with a higher risk of psychosocial problems in early childhood. Among them, sexual abuse posed the highest risk, followed by emotional abuse. It innovatively found that higher frequencies of parent-child interactions may provide buffering effects only to children who are exposed to occasional physical abuse. It provides a potential intervention opportunity, especially for physically abused children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Shan
- Department of International Clinic, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin Zhao
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Saishuang Wu
- Child Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of International Clinic, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, China
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hongkong, China
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai, China.
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Wen L, Yang K, Chen J, He L, Xiu M, Qu M. Associations between resilience and symptoms of depression and anxiety among adolescents: Examining the moderating effects of family environment. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:703-710. [PMID: 37582465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents have experienced increase their risk of peripheral mental health and social problems. For adolescents, the role of family environmental factors should be taken into consideration. This study aimed to explore the association between resilience and depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents and to extend the findings by examining the moderating effects of family environment. A total of 35,573 adolescents in middle schools were recruited in China. Childhood abuse, resilience, and symptoms of depression and anxiety were evaluated in adolescents. We found a significant association between resilience and symptoms of depression and anxiety [OR = 0.976 (0.975-0.978), P < 0.001; OR = 0.980 (0.978-0.981), P < 0.001]. The adjusted ORs (95 % CIs) for mental health across the categories of resilience were as follows: 1 (reference) for low resilience, 0.660 (0.620-0.703) for medium resilience, 0.309 (0.286-0.333) for high resilience. The relationship between resilience and depressive symptoms was stronger for girls, non-only children, and those without child abuse experience compared to boys, only child, and those with child abuse experience (all p < 0.05). Our findings of a nationally representative sample in China suggest that gender, only child, parent-child relationship and child abuse moderated the relationship between resilience and symptoms of depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wen
- Neurology Department, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Evidence-based Department, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghe Chen
- Neurology Department, Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liqing He
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Meihong Xiu
- Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Miao Qu
- Neurology Department, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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de Maat DA, Lucassen N, Shiner RL, Prinzie P. A person-centered approach to resilience and vulnerability in emerging adulthood: Predictions from parenting and personality in adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1913-1928. [PMID: 35957570 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this person-centered study, we identified different profiles of resilience and vulnerability in emerging adulthood in response to previously experienced stressful life events. Additionally, we examined whether mothers' and fathers' parenting and participants' personality traits in adolescence predicted these profiles. Data from the Flemish Study on Parenting, Personality, and Development (N = 346 families) were used. At T1 (2004; Mage = 11 years), T2 (2007), and T3 (2009), mothers and fathers reported on their parenting and their child's personality. At T4 (2018; Mage = 25 years), emerging adults retrospectively self-reported the occurrence and impact of 22 stressful life events and rated current behavior problems and subjective well-being. Latent profile analysis revealed three profiles: Competent (71%; low stress, low behavior problems, high subjective well-being), Vulnerable (21%; average stress, high behavior problems, low subjective well-being), and Resilient (9%; high stress, average behavior problems, average subjective well-being). Emerging adults in the Resilient profile had experienced higher levels of maternal positive parenting and were less emotionally stable and conscientious than those in the Competent profile. Furthermore, emerging adults in the Vulnerable profile were less emotionally stable than their peers in the Competent profile. These findings reveal new insights into the heterogeneous patterns of emerging adults' adaptation following stressful life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna A de Maat
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Lucassen
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca L Shiner
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA
| | - Peter Prinzie
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Koçtürk N. Psychological symptoms of adolescent survivors of sexual abuse and characteristics of survivors displaying suicidal and/or self-harming behaviors. Health Care Women Int 2023; 44:1136-1154. [PMID: 35133950 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2021.2021204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We examine the psychological symptoms and suicide attempts and/or self-injury behaviors of survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) according to individual and familial characteristics. The participants of this study included 80 adolescents aged 14-17 years. We show that high psychological symptom scores may indicate that the perpetrator was a family member and that penetration occurred. In addition, most of the participating survivors have experienced numerous problems, largely related to psychological symptoms. Considering the results regarding survivors who had previously attempted suicide, we demonstrate that the perpetrators in these cases were mostly reliable/loved people, while these survivors generally hid the events and were exposed to penetration more often. We conclude that survivors exposed to CSA by a reliable/loved person, blaming themselves, having low social support, and displaying certain symptoms should be followed closely and necessary psychosocial interventions for suicide should be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilüfer Koçtürk
- Faculty of Education, Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
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5
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Fatehi M, Miller SE, Fatehi L, Mowbray O. A Scoping Study of Parents With a History of Childhood Sexual Abuse and a Theoretical Framework for Future Research. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:1134-1156. [PMID: 33530893 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020987822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transitioning to a parenting role is a complex psychological process that can be stressful for a parent with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Over the past decade, important advances have been made in identifying the effects of childhood trauma on parents' relationships with their children. This article presents a new theoretical framework that emerged from a scoping study of parenting experiences among adults who experienced CSA. The methods of Arksey and O'Malley were used to conduct the scoping study, and the guidelines for theory construction and model building developed by Jaccard and Jacoby were adopted. Only peer-reviewed published journal articles in English that studied exclusively CSA and its effects on parenting among individuals aged 18 years or older were included. Three resources for collecting data were used: (1) internet databases including PsycINFO and PubMed, (2) reference lists of review articles, and (3) the citation index functionality of Google Scholar for review articles. Forty-six articles were included in the scoping study. These studies mainly focused on mothers and their relationships with their children. No articles considered the age(s) at which parents experienced CSA and potential effects on parenting outcomes. In addition, there is limited knowledge about fathers with a history of CSA and their relationship with their children. The development of a theoretical framework designed through a methodologically driven identification of gaps in the body of knowledge provides a foundation for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Fatehi
- 308457School of Social Work, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sheri E Miller
- 308457School of Social Work, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Leila Fatehi
- 308457School of Social Work, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Orion Mowbray
- 308457School of Social Work, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Wang X, Wu Q, Phelps BJ. How Do Fathers Help? A Moderation Analysis of the Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Child Behavioral Health in Fragile Families. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:754-764. [PMID: 33830394 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Existing research has built concrete links between trauma exposure and lifelong behavioral health outcomes. However, the ways by which father engagement buffers the detrimental effects of trauma on early childhood behavioral health remains unexplored. Using the data of 3001 mothers from the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study, we conducted a moderation analysis to examine the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), child behavioral health, father engagement, and maternal education. We found that ACEs at child age three were positively associated with child externalizing and internalizing behaviors at child age five. Father engagement at child age one buffered the harmful effects of ACEs on child externalizing behaviors, but this effect was only significant for children living with mothers with an education level lower than high school. Child psychiatrists should view father engagement as a critical factor in fostering child resilience, particularly for children living in families with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafei Wang
- School of Social Work, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, White Hall 220, 150 Crouse Dr, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Family and Child Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Benjamin John Phelps
- School of Social Work, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, White Hall 220, 150 Crouse Dr, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
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Bizri M, Ibrahim N, Beyrouthy C, Yamout D, Tamim H, Abiad J, Ghazeeri G. Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale in a sample of Lebanese women. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269700. [PMID: 35704645 PMCID: PMC9200348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Resilience is defined as the ability to face adversities with positive outcomes. Various scales have been utilized, including 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), to evaluate resilience among populations. Resilience research is scarce, particularly in Lebanon as no such scales have been validated. Thus, in the present work, we aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of CD-RISC. Patients and methods The study was conducted at the Women’s Health Center at the American University of Beirut Medical Center among Lebanese women presenting to the obstetrics and gynecology clinics. Internal validity of the Arabic CD-RISC was examined. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the scores of the Arabic version of CD-RISC and the other related constructs (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Dispositional Hope Scale, Life Orientation Test, and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) were assessed to evaluate its divergent and convergent validity. We collected responses from a total of 63 Lebanese women. Results The studied scale displayed a high internal consistency. Adequate correlation coefficients were manifested by the significant positive moderate to strong and negative moderate correlations between the Arabic CD-RISC and the other related constructs. Conclusion This is the first study to validate the Arabic version of the CD-RISC in a sample of Lebanese women. The findings of this study provide evidence that the Arabic version of CD-RISC is a reliable and valid tool for the evaluation of resilience among Lebanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Bizri
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nour Ibrahim
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christine Beyrouthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dahlia Yamout
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hani Tamim
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jude Abiad
- Faculty of Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ghina Ghazeeri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail:
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8
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Leung DYL, Chan ACY, Ho GWK. Resilience of Emerging Adults After Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Qualitative Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:163-181. [PMID: 32588765 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020933865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Even as children experience adversity, they can become resilient adults, in large part due to their social supports as emerging adults. OBJECTIVE Authors examine constructs of social support applied to the concept of resilience among emerging adults having experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACE). METHOD Authors conducted a meta-ethnography with six databases between January 1998 and October 2019. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) original peer-reviewed qualitative or mixed-method studies, (ii) sampling adults aged 18-35 years, (iii) reporting at least one ACE as defined by the World Health Organization, (iv) focused on resilience, and (v) in English. Data were collected from six electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar). Studies were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program Qualitative Checklist. Analysis drew on Bourdieu's constructs of capital following Noblit and Hare's methods. RESULTS Thirteen studies of 277 emerging adults, aged 18-35 years old (mean 23 years), from six countries, reported resilience as "self-righting" appraisals. These were interdependent of their social supports and within a culturally determined sense of self-reliance. Self-reliance appeared to be a precursor shaping resilience of emerging adults with ACE. Self-reliance may deter self-compassion and, as a self-righting appraisal/capacity, may inhibit accessing social support. CONCLUSION This review emphasizes the life stage of emerging adulthood regarding the development of self-righting appraisal skills, which, when enabled with reliance, others help to transform ACEs and allow resilience to grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Y L Leung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Athena C Y Chan
- Deparment of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Grace W K Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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Op den Kelder R, Van den Akker AL, Ensink JBM, Geurts HM, Overbeek G, de Rooij SR, Vrijkotte TGM, Lindauer RJL. Longitudinal Associations Between Trauma Exposure and Executive Functions in Children: Findings from a Dutch Birth Cohort Study. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 50:295-308. [PMID: 34482489 PMCID: PMC8885557 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study is the first to distinguish two possible predictive directions between trauma exposure and executive functioning in children in a community sample. The sample consists of 1006 children from two time points with a seven years’ time interval of a longitudinal Dutch birth cohort study, the ABCD-study (Van Eijsden et al., 2011). We analyzed the longitudinal associations between trauma exposure and executive functioning using structural equation modeling. The results demonstrated that (after controlling for prenatal substance exposure and mothers’ educational level) trauma exposure before age 5 is predictive of poorer executive functioning at age 12 and trauma exposure between age 6 and 12. However, the association between executive functioning at age 5 and trauma exposure between age 6 and 12 was not statistically significant. Our results indicate that early life trauma exposure has a long term impact on later executive functioning and not the other way around. On top of that, trauma exposure seems to accumulate across childhood when children are exposed to a traumatic event before the age of 5. When looking at the potential moderating role of parenting behavior we found no evidence for such a moderating effect of parenting behavior. Our findings showed that children exposed to trauma early in life may experience problems in executive functioning later in life and they seem at higher risk for cumulative trauma exposure. Clinical practice should take this into account in both the way they provide (early) mental health care and in prevention and recognition of early trauma exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Op den Kelder
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Levvel Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - A L Van den Akker
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education/Research Priority Area YIELD, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J B M Ensink
- Levvel Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H M Geurts
- Department of Psychology (Brain and Cognition)/ Research Priority Area YIELD, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Overbeek
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education/Research Priority Area YIELD, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S R de Rooij
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bio-Informatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T G M Vrijkotte
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R J L Lindauer
- Levvel Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Emetu RE, Brandt AS, Forster M. Sexual self-concepts among sexual minority men with childhood sexual abuse histories. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2020.1838379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta E. Emetu
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, College of Health & Human Development, Northridge, California, USA
| | - Alexis S. Brandt
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, College of Health & Human Development, Northridge, California, USA
| | - Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, College of Health & Human Development, Northridge, California, USA
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Yoon S, Howell K, Dillard R, Shockley McCarthy K, Rae Napier T, Pei F. Resilience Following Child Maltreatment: Definitional Considerations and Developmental Variations. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:541-559. [PMID: 31405362 DOI: 10.1177/1524838019869094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Resilience following childhood maltreatment has received substantial empirical attention, with the number of studies on this construct growing exponentially in the past decade. While there is ample interest, inconsistencies remain about how to conceptualize and assess resilience. Further, there is a lack of consensus on how developmental stage influences resilience and how protective factors affect its expression. The current systematic review uses a developmental lens to synthesize findings on resilience following child maltreatment. Specifically, this article consolidates the body of empirical literature in a developmentally oriented review, with the intention of inclusively assessing three key areas-the conceptualization of resilience, assessment of resilience, and factors associated with resilience in maltreatment research. A total of 67 peer-reviewed, quantitative empirical articles that examined child maltreatment and resilience were included in this review. Results indicate that some inconsistencies in the literature may be addressed by utilizing a developmental lens and considering the individual's life stage when selecting a definition of resilience and associated measurement tool. The findings also support developmental variations in factors associated with resilience, with different individual, relational, and community protective factors emerging based on life stage. Implications for practice, policy, and research are incorporated throughout this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kathryn Howell
- Department of Psychology, 5415The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca Dillard
- College of Social Work, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Taylor Rae Napier
- Department of Psychology, 5415The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Fei Pei
- College of Social Work, 2647The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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12
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Noll JG. Child Sexual Abuse as a Unique Risk Factor for the Development of Psychopathology: The Compounded Convergence of Mechanisms. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2021; 17:439-464. [PMID: 33472010 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Meta-analytic, population cohort, prospective, and clinical studies provide systematic evidence that child sexual abuse accounts for unique variation in several deleterious outcomes. There is strong evidence for psychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder and mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders, and mixed evidence for personality disorders. Evaluation of sex-specific outcomes shows strong evidence for teenage childbearing, sexual revictimization, and sexual dysfunction and mixed evidence for heightened sexual behaviors and sexual offending. This review further demonstrates not only that survivors suffer the noxious impact of traumatic sexualization but that additional transdiagnostic mechanisms, including the biological embedding of stress, emotion dysregulation, avoidance, and insecure attachment, converge to compound risk for deleterious outcomes. A road map to enhance the rigor of future research is outlined, and specific recommendations for evidence-based policy making to boost prevention efforts and increase access to treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie G Noll
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16803, USA;
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13
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Jalbrzikowski M. Neuroimaging Phenotypes Associated With Risk and Resilience for Psychosis and Autism Spectrum Disorders in 22q11.2 Microdeletion Syndrome. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 6:211-224. [PMID: 33218931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Identification of biological risk factors that contribute to the development of complex neuropsychiatric disorders such as psychosis and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is key for early intervention and detection. Furthermore, parsing the biological heterogeneity associated with these neuropsychiatric syndromes will help us understand the neural mechanisms underlying psychiatric symptom development. The 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome (22q11DS) is caused by a recurrent genetic mutation that carries significantly increased risk for developing psychosis and/or ASD. In this review, I provide an brief introduction to 22q11DS and discuss common phenotyping strategies that are used to assess psychosis and ASD in this population. I then summarize neuroimaging phenotypes associated with psychosis and ASD in 22q11.DS. Next, I discuss challenges within the field and provide practical suggestions to overcome these obstacles. Finally, I discuss future directions for moving 22q11DS risk and resilience research forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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14
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Sameshima H, Shimura A, Ono K, Masuya J, Ichiki M, Nakajima S, Odagiri Y, Inoue S, Inoue T. Combined Effects of Parenting in Childhood and Resilience on Work Stress in Nonclinical Adult Workers From the Community. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:776. [PMID: 32848942 PMCID: PMC7411223 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress responses induced by job stressors are modified by individual factors. Perceived parental bonding and resilience would play important roles as such individual factors. In this study, we analyzed the mediating roles of resilience on parenting, job stressors, and stress responses among adult workers from the community. METHODS A total of 528 workers participated in this study after providing written consent, and completed questionnaires on demographic data, as well as Parental Bonding Instrument, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Brief Job Stress Questionnaire. Associations between perceived parental bonding, resilience, perceived job stressors, and the psychological and physical stress response (PPSR) were analyzed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS Structural equation modeling with covariance structure analysis showed that parental overprotection reduced resilience and increased perceived job stressors and PPSR. Resilience and perceived job stressors and their combination mediated the effect of parental overprotection on PPSR. Resilience mediated the effect of parental overprotection on perceived job stressors. Perceived job stressors mediated the effect of resilience on PPSR. Parental care had opposite effects to parental overprotection, but the difference was small. CONCLUSION In this study, we showed that perceived parental bonding affects resilience, and that both factors affect the stress response and perceived job stressors. These findings suggest that parental bonding and resilience are major individual factors affecting work stress, and should be noted when considering industrial hygiene measures for individual workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Sameshima
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Welfare-Kyusyu Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Shimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ono
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Jiro Masuya
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ichiki
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Satomi Nakajima
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Musashino University, Nishitokyo-shi, Japan
| | - Yuko Odagiri
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
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15
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Shin SH, Wang X, Yoon SH, Cage JL, Kobulsky JM, Montemayor BN. Childhood maltreatment and alcohol-related problems in young adulthood: The protective role of parental warmth. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 98:104238. [PMID: 31655248 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use among young adults is highly prevalent. Individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment are particularly vulnerable to alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. Few studies have examined family protective factors, such as parental warmth, that may mitigate the effects of childhood maltreatment on alcohol-related problems. OBJECTIVE The current study seeks to examine the extent to which parental warmth reduces the effect of childhood exposure to maltreatment on alcohol-related problems in young adulthood. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were young adults (N = 337; mean age = 21.7), who were recruited from an urban community and completed in-person interviews assessing childhood maltreatment, parental warmth, and alcohol-related problems. METHODS Multiple hierarchical linear regression models were used to examine whether maternal and paternal warmth reduced the impact of childhood exposure to maltreatment on alcohol-related problems in young adulthood. Common risk factors for alcohol-related problems, including psychological symptoms and peer and parental alcohol use, were also entered into the models. RESULTS We found a significant moderating effect of paternal warmth on the associations between childhood emotional abuse and alcohol-related problems (β= -0.29, p < .05). Specifically, the association between emotional abuse and alcohol-related problems was weaker among individuals with higher levels of paternal warmth. Moderating effects of maternal warmth on the maltreatment-problematic alcohol use relation were not supported. CONCLUSION The results of this research suggest that parental warmth may not only relate to fewer alcohol-related problems among offspring, but may also modify the associations between childhood emotional abuse and alcohol-related problems during young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny H Shin
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Social Work, 1000 Floyd Avenue, Third Floor, Richmond, VA, 23284, United States; Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 1200 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States.
| | - Xiafei Wang
- Syracuse University, School of Social Work, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, 440 White Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, United States
| | - Susan H Yoon
- Ohio State University, College of Social Work, 1947 N. College Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Jamie L Cage
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Social Work, 1000 Floyd Avenue, Third Floor, Richmond, VA, 23284, United States
| | - Julia M Kobulsky
- Temple University, School of Social Work, 1101 W. Montgomery Ave. Third Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, United States
| | - Benjamin N Montemayor
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Social Work, 1000 Floyd Avenue, Third Floor, Richmond, VA, 23284, United States
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16
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The Biology of Human Resilience: Opportunities for Enhancing Resilience Across the Life Span. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:443-453. [PMID: 31466561 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent scientific and technological advances have brought us closer to being able to apply a true biopsychosocial approach to the study of resilience in humans. Decades of research have identified a range of psychosocial protective factors in the face of stress and trauma. Progress in resilience research is now advancing our understanding of the biology underlying these protective factors at multiple phenotypic levels, including stress response systems, neural circuitry function, and immune responses, in interaction with genetic factors. It is becoming clear that resilience involves active and unique biological processes that buffer the organism against the impact of stress, not simply involve a reversal of pathological mechanisms. Here, we provide an overview of recent progress in the field, highlighting key psychosocial milestones and accompanying biological changes during development, and into adulthood and old age. Continued advances in our understanding of psychological, social, and biological determinants of resilience will contribute to the development of novel interventions and help optimize the type and timing of intervention for those most at risk, resulting in a possible new framework for enhancing resilience across the life span.
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17
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Calhoun BH, Ridenour TA, Fishbein DH. Associations between Child Maltreatment, Harsh Parenting, and Sleep with Adolescent Mental Health. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2019; 28:116-130. [PMID: 31354225 PMCID: PMC6660198 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-018-1261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Youth who suffer from psychiatric disorders are at high risk for negative outcomes, including aggression and substance abuse. Although many youth with psychiatric disorders have endured harsh parenting and/or child maltreatment (CM), differential associations between these experiential factors have yet to be fully explored. Sleep problems have also been implicated in psychiatric disorders and are consistently associated with CM. The overlap and unique contributions of CM and sleep problems to the mental health of youth remains unclear; longitudinal studies from late childhood into adolescence, when psychiatric illnesses frequently onset, are rare. The current longitudinal study examined associations of CM, harsh parenting, and sleep problems with symptoms of four psychiatric disorders: Conduct Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Anxiety, and Depression. Early adolescent youth with no history of substance use (N = 529) were sampled from a working class, medium-sized city in northern Kentucky, and an extensive battery of tests were administered to youth and a parent. CM was more strongly and consistently related to psychiatric disorder symptoms at baseline than was harsh parenting. Reports of harsh parenting were more strongly associated with externalizing symptoms than internalizing symptoms. Sleep problems were also positively associated with psychiatric disorder symptoms at baseline, but did not exacerbate the effects of CM or harsh parenting on symptom counts. Longitudinally, harsh parenting was more predictive of change in psychiatric symptoms two to three years later than was CM. The potential significance of childhood adversity and sleep problems for prevention of later mental health problems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Calhoun
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 119 Health and Human Development Bldg., University Park, PA 16802,
| | | | - Diana H Fishbein
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA,
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18
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Sheerin CM, Lind MJ, Brown EA, Gardner CO, Kendler KS, Amstadter AB. The impact of resilience and subsequent stressful life events on MDD and GAD. Depress Anxiety 2018; 35:140-147. [PMID: 29172241 PMCID: PMC5794521 DOI: 10.1002/da.22700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There remains a dearth of research examining the "buffering" effect of resilience, wherein resilience at one point in time would be expected to protect an individual against development of psychopathology following future adverse life events. METHODS Using longitudinal data from an epidemiological twin sample (N = 7463), this study tested whether resilience would act as a buffer for stressful life events (SLEs) against risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Resilience, demographics, and psychopathology were measured at Time 1 and recent SLEs and current MDD and GAD were measured at Time 2. RESULTS Final models, controlling for demographic covariates and Time 1 diagnosis, examined the impact of Time 1 resilience, recent SLEs, their interaction, and a three-way interaction adding sex on MDD and GAD. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of findings was the same for MDD and GAD, wherein main effects and two-way interactions of resilience and SLEs were significant, such that greater resilience was protective even in the context of high numbers of past-year SLEs. The three-way interaction was not significant, suggesting that the relationship between SLEs and resilience on psychopathology was the same for both men and women. Findings support the conceptualization of resilience as a buffer against the impact of future life stressors on common internalizing psychopathology. Longitudinal designs and trajectory-based studies that include recurring measures of SLEs could inform conceptualizations of resilience in the context of ongoing adversity and aid in developing interventions aimed at fostering healthy adaptation in the face of stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Sheerin
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mackenzie J Lind
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Emily A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles O Gardner
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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