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Salami S, Alhalal E. Gender differences in predictors of quality of life for parents of children with Autism Spectrum disorder in Saudi Arabia. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 77:e117-e124. [PMID: 38565480 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few researchers have examined gender differences in the quality of life (QoL) of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in diverse cultural contexts. The purpose of this study was to identify how ASD severity, affiliate stigma, perceived social support, family functioning, and coping strategies differentially predict the QoL of mothers and fathers of children with ASD in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN AND METHODS Based on a cross-sectional research design, data were gathered between April and July 2023 from a convenience sample of 376 parents (220 mothers and 156 fathers) of children with ASD in Saudi Arabia. Welch's t-test and regression were used to achieve the study purpose. RESULTS Mothers of children with ASD reported lower QoL, perceived social support, and family functioning than fathers. Mothers relied on emotion-focused coping strategies, whereas fathers used problem-focused coping strategies. Furthermore, affiliate stigma, perceived social support, and family functioning significantly predicted the QoL of mothers and fathers of children with ASD. However, the severity of ASD affected only the QoL of the mothers. Problem-focused coping significantly predicted fathers' QoL but not mothers' QoL. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight gender differences in the factors that predict the QoL of parents of children with ASD in Saudi Arabia. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Healthcare professionals should consider parents' gender when providing support and interventions to improve parental QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Salami
- PhD student, Nursing College, King Saud University, (Community and Mental Health Nursing), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Eman Alhalal
- Associate Professor, Nursing College, King Saud University, (Community and Mental Health Nursing), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Nakamoto M, Onoye J, Kiyokawa M, Takeshita J, Lu B. Methamphetamine Use in Psychiatric Emergency Services and Among Asian American and Pacific Islander Populations. J Addict Med 2024:01271255-990000000-00333. [PMID: 38869174 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Addressing the methamphetamine epidemic will require a more complete understanding of its effect on healthcare systems and of the populations at risk. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of methamphetamine use on psychiatric emergency services outcomes and on Asian American (AA) and Pacific Islander (PI) populations, a historically overlooked population in substance use research. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed for all visits to a large level I trauma center in urban Hawaii from 2007 to 2019 that required psychiatric emergency services and in which urine drug screening was completed (N = 44,658). Demographic characteristics and emergency room courses were compared between amphetamine-positive and amphetamine-negative visits. RESULTS The proportion of amphetamine-positive visits approximately doubled from 13.3% in 2007 to 25.5% in 2019. Amphetamine-positive visits were more likely to involve arrival by law enforcement (38.3% vs 27.2.%, P < 0.001), require intramuscular psychotropic medications (17.3% vs 12.3%, P < 0.001), and have longer emergency department lengths of stay (median, 420 vs 372 minutes, P < 0.001). Visits by Native Hawaiian and Hispanic/Latino patients had the highest rate of amphetamine positivity, while visits by Chinese and Korean patients had the lowest. CONCLUSIONS The findings reveal a concerning rise in amphetamine positivity that is associated with increased resource utilization. There was also significant variability in the rate of amphetamine positivity within the AA and PI population, a group of ethnicities often analyzed as a single entity in previous studies. Culturally sensitive interventions may curb the methamphetamine epidemic's effect on healthcare systems and vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Nakamoto
- From the Department of Psychiatry, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (MN, JO, MK, JT, BL); and The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI (JO, MK, JT, BL)
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Salleh NS, Tang LY, Husain M, Lim Abdullah K, Kueh YC. Affiliate Stigma, Resilience and Quality of Life among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Two Public Hospitals in Kelantan, Malaysia. Malays J Med Sci 2024; 31:217-228. [PMID: 38984240 PMCID: PMC11229570 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2024.31.3.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Often, the indirect impact of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents the family with significant challenges. One of these challenges is affiliate stigma due to parental affiliation with their child. This study aimed to explore affiliate stigma, resilience and quality of life (QoL) among parents of children with ASD. Methods Cross-sectional study of 144 parents of children with ASD were recruited from two main tertiary hospitals in Kelantan, Malaysia, a developing country in Southeast Asia. Pearson correlation was used to examine the relationship between parental affiliate stigma, resilience and QoL. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were used to identify the significant associated factors of affiliate stigma, resilience and QoL. Results Correlational analyses revealed that perceived affiliate stigma demonstrated an inverse relationship with resilience and QoL. Additionally, resilience had a positive relationship with QoL. Regression analyses revealed that the father's employment status, the mother's level of education, having a disability card, the child's age at ASD diagnosis, comorbidities of the child and ASD severity perceived by parents were associated with parental affiliate stigma, resilience and QoL. Conclusion Study findings highlight the contribution of socio-demographic characteristics of children with ASD and their families in the determination of affiliate stigma, resilience and QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Shuhada Salleh
- Nursing Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Li Yoong Tang
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maruzairi Husain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Lim Abdullah
- Department of Nursing, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yee Cheng Kueh
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Sum MY, Wong CTW, Chu ST, Li A, Lee AHT, Chen EYH, Chan SKW. Systematic review and meta-analysis of internalised stigma and stigma resistance in patients with psychosis: The impact of individualism-collectivism culture and other individual factors. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:639-652. [PMID: 38279534 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231216924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to meta-analysis the level of internalised stigma experienced by individuals with psychosis worldwide, and the impact of cultural differences, economic status of the studied regions and duration of illness on their levels of internalised stigma. Clinical and individual level factors associated with internalised stigma and stigma resistance were also systematically reviewed. METHODS A systematic search of keywords on two scholarly databases were conducted. The individualism index of the countries or regions where the studies were conducted was retrieved from Hofstede's updated measurement of individualism. Economic status of regions was categorised based on their per capita gross national income. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were conducted using the 'metafor' package in R. Factors associated with internalised stigma and stigma resistance were also systematically consolidated. RESULTS Seventy-three articles were included in the meta-analysis and the pooled score of both internalised stigma and stigma resistance of individuals with psychosis were within the mild range (2.20 and 2.44, respectively). The meta-regression analysis found high collectivism culture is significantly related to a higher level of internalised stigma. Economic status was not significant. Thirty-five articles were included in the systematic review and clinical, psychological, psychosocial variables, cognition and sociodemographic factors were found to be associated with internalised stigma. CONCLUSION Internalised stigma in psychosis is ubiquitous worldwide and high collectivism culture may be related with high internalised stigma. With the presence of multiple individual factors related to internalised stigma, intervention programmes to reduce internalised stigma should consider focussing on both macro- and micro-level factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yi Sum
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Charmaine Tsz Wing Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sin Ting Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Angel Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Athena Hoi Ting Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Eric Yu Hai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sherry Kit Wa Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
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Khemthong S, Scanlan JN, Hancock N. Measurement properties of the Thai translation of the Recovery Assessment Scale - Domains and Stages (RAS-DS) and comparison of recovery experiences between Thai and Australian consumers living with serious mental illness. Transcult Psychiatry 2024:13634615241250220. [PMID: 38755951 DOI: 10.1177/13634615241250220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Personal recovery, a western conceptualisation that focuses on hope and living meaningful lives of choice rather than focusing on symptom reduction, is a more recent concept in many Asian countries including Thailand. One way to promote recovery-oriented service delivery is to use outcome measures that capture self-reported personal recovery. This study aimed to evaluate a Thai translation of a self-report measure of mental health recovery, the Recovery Assessment Scale - Domains and Stages (RAS-DS). The study also explored the cultural similarities and differences between Thai (n = 190) and Australian (n = 301) recovery experiences by comparing Thai and Australian participant responses to RAS-DS items. Data were analysed using Rasch analysis. Analyses revealed that the Thai version of the RAS-DS had adequate measurement properties. Cultural comparisons suggested that most aspects contained within the RAS-DS appear to be applicable across both Thai and Australian contexts. Three findings suggest linguistic or cultural differences in Thai and Australian recovery experiences: (i) a ceiling effect for Thai participants, (ii) some items were "harder" or "easier" for one cultural group to endorse than the other, and (iii) a few items were "misfitting" for Thai participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supalak Khemthong
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Division of Occupational Therapy, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Justin Newton Scanlan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Centre for Disability Policy and Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Southeast Asia Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola Hancock
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Centre for Disability Policy and Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Southeast Asia Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Lemmer D, Moessner M, Arnaud N, Baumeister H, Mutter A, Klemm SL, König E, Plener P, Rummel-Kluge C, Thomasius R, Kaess M, Bauer S. The Impact of Video-Based Microinterventions on Attitudes Toward Mental Health and Help Seeking in Youth: Web-Based Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e54478. [PMID: 38656779 PMCID: PMC11079770 DOI: 10.2196/54478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health (MH) problems in youth are prevalent, burdening, and frequently persistent. Despite the existence of effective treatment, the uptake of professional help is low, particularly due to attitudinal barriers. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effectiveness and acceptability of 2 video-based microinterventions aimed at reducing barriers to MH treatment and increasing the likelihood of seeking professional help in young people. METHODS This study was entirely web based and open access. The interventions addressed 5 MH problems: generalized anxiety disorder, depression, bulimia, nonsuicidal self-injury, and problematic alcohol use. Intervention 1 aimed to destigmatize and improve MH literacy, whereas intervention 2 aimed to induce positive outcome expectancies regarding professional help seeking. Of the 2435 participants who commenced the study, a final sample of 1394 (57.25%) participants aged 14 to 29 years with complete data and sufficient durations of stay on the video pages were randomized in a fully automated manner to 1 of the 5 MH problems and 1 of 3 conditions (control, intervention 1, and intervention 2) in a permuted block design. After the presentation of a video vignette, no further videos were shown to the control group, whereas a second, short intervention video was presented to the intervention 1 and 2 groups. Intervention effects on self-reported potential professional help seeking (primary outcome), stigma, and attitudes toward help seeking were examined using analyses of covariance across and within the 5 MH problems. Furthermore, we assessed video acceptability. RESULTS No significant group effects on potential professional help seeking were found in the total sample (F2,1385=0.99; P=.37). However, the groups differed significantly with regard to stigma outcomes and the likelihood of seeking informal help (F2,1385=3.75; P=.02). Furthermore, separate analyses indicated substantial differences in intervention effects among the 5 MH problems. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to promote help seeking for MH problems may require disorder-specific approaches. The study results can inform future research and public health campaigns addressing adolescents and young adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00023110; https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00023110.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lemmer
- Center for Psychotherapy Research, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Moessner
- Center for Psychotherapy Research, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Arnaud
- German Centre for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Agnes Mutter
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sarah-Lena Klemm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisa König
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Plener
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Rummel-Kluge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rainer Thomasius
- German Centre for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bauer
- Center for Psychotherapy Research, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner site Mannheim/Heidelberg/Ulm, Heidelberg, Germany
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Özaslan A, Yildirim M, Guney E, İlhan MN, Vostanis P. Mental health problems and help-seeking behaviours of Syrian refugee adolescents: mediating role of self-stigma. Psychol Med 2024; 54:732-741. [PMID: 37642171 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although common mental health problems have been widely studied with self-stigma, few studies have focused on the mediating effect of self-stigma in the relationship between mental health problems and help-seeking behaviours of refugee adolescents. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine whether self-stigma mitigates the adverse effects of stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms on the help-seeking behaviours of Syrian adolescents living in Turkey. METHODS The participants of this study included 488 Syrian refugee adolescents (boys, 63.73%; girls, 3627%) living in Turkey. Participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale and General Help-Seeking Scale and Self-Stigma of Seeking Psychology Help Scale. RESULTS The findings revealed that stress (β = 0.19, p < 0.01), anxiety (β = 0.12, p < 0.05), and depression (β = 0.17, p < 0.01) had significant and positive predictive effects on self-stigma, but not on help-seeking behaviours. Also, self-stigma (β = -0.12, p < 0.01) had a significant negative predictive effect on help-seeking behaviours. With regard to the indirect effects, the findings showed that self-stigma fully mediated the associations between stress - help-seeking [effect = -0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.11 to -0.01], anxiety - help-seeking (effect = -0.04, 95% CI -0.09 to -0.01)], and depression - help-seeking (effect = -0.05, 95% CI -0.12 to -0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the potential negative effects of self-stigma on the help-seeking behaviours of Syrian refugee adolescents, both directly and indirectly. These results can be used to develop and implement effective and efficient interventions to address the unmet mental health needs of refugee adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Özaslan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Yildirim
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Esra Guney
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Necmi İlhan
- Department of Public Health, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
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AboJabel H, Welsch J, Schicktanz S. Cross-cultural perspectives on intelligent assistive technology in dementia care: comparing Israeli and German experts' attitudes. BMC Med Ethics 2024; 25:15. [PMID: 38326778 PMCID: PMC10848426 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-024-01010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the great benefits of intelligent assistive technology (IAT) for dementia care - for example, the enhanced safety and increased independence of people with dementia and their caregivers - its practical adoption is still limited. The social and ethical issues pertaining to IAT in dementia care, shaped by factors such as culture, may explain these limitations. However, most studies have focused on understanding these issues within one cultural setting only. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore and compare the attitudes of Israeli and German dementia experts toward IAT in dementia care, to contribute to a more cultural-comparative perspective. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 experts (15 Israelis and 20 Germans) in key roles in health and community services for people with dementia as well as in the fields of dementia and IAT (e.g., computer science, electrical/biomedical engineering, ethics, nursing, and gerontology). Thematic content analysis was used to analyze the data. FINDINGS Israeli and German experts identified the same social accelerators in the development and implementation of IAT in dementia care (i.e., changes in family structure and social digitization) and benefits of adopting IAT (e.g., enhancing the safety of people with dementia and increasing their independence). However, there were differences in inhibitor/risk assessments between the two groups. Namely, economic considerations and the cognitive capacity of people with dementia were identified by both groups as inhibitors, while Israeli experts additionally reported stigma and ageism. Whereas both groups agreed that IAT might reduce human connection, and that the technology is not yet reliable enough, German experts highlighted concerns regarding privacy; in contrast, Israeli experts prioritized safety over privacy. CONCLUSIONS Our research findings allow for the identification of relevant similarities but also important differences between German and Israeli experts' perspectives. As such, an important basis has been provided for a more in-depth discussion regarding where, why, and how culturally-sensitive technology development is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan AboJabel
- Department of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- The Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Johannes Welsch
- Department of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silke Schicktanz
- Department of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Shi J, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Li Y, Wang W, Zhao H, Guo L, Liao Y, Zhang H, Gao C, McIntyre RS, Zhang WH, Han X, Lu C. Stigma and its associations with medication adherence in major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2024; 331:115664. [PMID: 38070363 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate internalized stigma (IS) and perceived stigma (PS), in persons (n = 522) living with major depressive disorder (MDD), with a view to analyzing the association of IS and PS with medication adherence in a cohort of participants with MDD in China. Perceived stigma is the awareness of societal negative views and attitudes towards depression, and IS is applying others' attitudes to oneself, both measured by the Depression Stigma Scale (DSS). Medication adherence was assessed using the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS). We observed that 76.0 % of participants reported IS and 84.5 % reported PS. Factors associated with increased IS included older age, marital status, disease history, and a higher baseline Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Higher education level, family income, and scores on the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were associated with lower levels of IS. Higher education levels, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) scores, and living with others were also associated with higher PS, while engagement in exercise and higher number of prior episodes were associated with lower PS. IS had a negative association with medication adherence, whereas PS did not significantly associate with adherence. In conclusion, a testable hypothesis is derived from our data that strategies targeting IS amongst persons with MDD may improve overall rates of adherence to antidepressant treatment, a necessary prelude to improving recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingman Shi
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, No.7, Huaming Road, Shenzhen 518054, PR China
| | - Yingchen Jiang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Yanzhi Li
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Wanxin Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Yuhua Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, No.7, Huaming Road, Shenzhen 518054, PR China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, No.7, Huaming Road, Shenzhen 518054, PR China
| | - Caihong Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, No.7, Huaming Road, Shenzhen 518054, PR China
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wei-Hong Zhang
- International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; School of Public Health, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, No.7, Huaming Road, Shenzhen 518054, PR China.
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
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Mastrogiovanni N, Byrow Y, Nickerson A. The Development and Validation of a Measure of Mental Health, Help-Seeking Beliefs in Arabic-Speaking Refugees. Assessment 2023:10731911231220482. [PMID: 38159035 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231220482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite reporting elevated rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), refugees are less likely than other groups to seek psychological treatment. Relatively little attention has been paid to the role of negative help-seeking beliefs in influencing treatment uptake. The current study sought to develop and psychometrically validate a novel measure indexing negative help-seeking beliefs for refugees (Help-Seeking Beliefs Scale [HSBS]). In this study, 262 Arabic-speaking refugee participants completed an online survey consisting of the HSBS along with measures indexing similar constructs (self-stigma of PTSD and help-seeking, perceived stigma, negative help-seeking attitudes, and help-seeking intentions). Factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure aligning with key themes identified in the literature: (a) Fear of Negative Consequences, (b) Inappropriateness, and (c) Perceived Necessity. The scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency, convergent validity, and predicted reduced help-seeking intentions. Results support the utility of a novel measure capturing a prominent help-seeking barrier in a population with high psychopathology and low treatment uptake.
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Gronholm PC, Ali S, Brohan E, Thornicroft G. Discrimination reported by people with schizophrenia: cross-national variations in relation to the Human Development Index. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e66. [PMID: 37985933 PMCID: PMC10689058 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Mental health related stigma and discrimination is a universal phenomenon and a contributor to the adversity experienced by people with schizophrenia. Research has produced inconsistent findings on how discrimination differs across settings and the contextual factors that underpin these differences. This study investigates the association between country-level Human Development Index (HDI) and experienced and anticipated discrimination reported by people with schizophrenia. METHODS This study is a secondary data analysis of a global cross-sectional survey completed by people living with schizophrenia across 29 countries, between 2005 and 2008. Experienced and anticipated discrimination were assessed using the Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC-10). Countries were classified according to their 2006 HDI. Negative binomial and Poisson regression analyses with a robust standard errors approach were conducted to investigate associations between country-level HDI and discrimination. RESULTS In the regression analyses, no evidence was found for a linear association between HDI and experienced or anticipated discrimination. Further exploratory analyses showed a significant non-linear association between HDI ratings and experienced discrimination. Participants in "high" and "very high" HDI countries reported more experienced discrimination compared to those in "medium" HDI countries. CONCLUSIONS HDI does, to some extent, appear to be associated with how far discrimination is experienced across different contexts. More high-quality cross-national research, including research focused on "medium" and "low" countries, is needed to substantiate these findings and identify underlying factors that may explain the pattern observed for experienced discrimination, including generating new datasets that would enable for these analyses to be repeated and contrasted with more recent data. An in-depth understanding of these factors will further aid the adaptation of cross-cultural and context specific anti-stigma interventions in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. C. Gronholm
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - S. Ali
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - E. Brohan
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - G. Thornicroft
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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12
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Chen X, Tong J, Jiang B, Ma S, Wang X, Sun X, Liu Y, Yan D, Wang L. Courtesy stigma among primary caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder in eastern China. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1236025. [PMID: 38045614 PMCID: PMC10690950 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1236025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The experience and perception of stigma is a common problem among primary caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and has a profound adverse impact on primary caregivers and children with ASD; however, few studies have explored courtesy stigma among primary caregivers of children with ASD in the Chinese context. The aim of this study was to explore the status of courtesy stigma among primary caregivers of children with ASD in Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, Eastern China, and to conduct in-depth analysis of its predictors from multiple perspectives. Methods An institution-based multi-center cross-sectional survey was conducted in the rehabilitation department of a large specialized hospital and 10 rehabilitation centers for children with special needs in Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, Eastern China, from October 2022 to February 2023. A structured questionnaire to assess child-related factors, primary caregiver-related factors, courtesy stigma, general self-efficacy, and social support, was used to collect data. Predictors of courtesy stigma among primary caregivers of children with ASD were identified by linear regression. Results A total of 428 primary caregivers of children with ASD were recruited. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) score for courtesy stigma was 7.49 ± 4.13. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that primary caregivers of children with ASD who were not too satisfied with their current marital status (β = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.34-2.08, p < 0.05) were more likely to have a high courtesy stigma; however, significantly lower courtesy stigma was observed in primary caregivers of children with ASD who were not picky eaters (β = -1.33, 95% CI: -2.08 - -0.58, p < 0.05), and who reported low level challenge in caring for children with ASD (β = -1.16, 95% CI: -2.20 - -0.12, p < 0.05), good general self-efficacy (β = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.25 - -0.06, p < 0.05), and good social support (β = -0.04, 95% CI: -0.08 - -0.01, p < 0.05). Conclusion There is a high level of courtesy stigma among primary caregivers of children with ASD in eastern China, and it is affected by numerous factors. More resources should be directed to groups that are more likely to experience stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jiao Tong
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | | | - Shan Ma
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, China
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13
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Kim SY, Gillespie-Lynch K. Do Autistic People's Support Needs and Non-Autistic People's Support for the Neurodiversity Movement Contribute to Heightened Autism Stigma in South Korea vs. the US? J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:4199-4213. [PMID: 36071317 PMCID: PMC9450814 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We examined stigma towards vignette characters representing diverse autistic characteristics (social, non-speaking, or repetitive interests or restricted behaviors; RIRB) among 259 South Korean and 240 American participants (age range = 18 ~ 74). Within each domain, participants were randomized to read a vignette depicting low or high support needs. Koreans reported greater stigma towards autistic characteristics and less awareness of and support for the neurodiversity movement than Americans. Autistic characters' support needs and rater characteristics (autism knowledge, neurodiversity endorsement, and contact quantity) predicted stigma in at least one domain, and after accounting for these variables, participants' nationality was suggestively associated only with stigma towards social characteristics and RIRB. Findings highlight the need for culturally adapted-training that provides contact with diverse autistic people.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yoon Kim
- Department of Teacher Education, Duksung Women's University, 33, Samyang-ro 144-gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 01369, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kristen Gillespie-Lynch
- Department of Psychology, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, 2800 Victory Blvd, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
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14
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Genovesi E, Ullmer P, Bhatti L, Meyer P, Memon P, Panchani D, Rafla M, Welford M, Hoekstra RA. Perspectives on children's autistic traits in UK-based British and Egyptian/Sudanese communities. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 140:104576. [PMID: 37535998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While most autism research is conducted in White Western samples, culture may affect perceptions and reporting of autistic traits. We explored how UK-based British and Egyptian/Sudanese communities perceive autism features. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Nineteen participants self-identifying as British and 20 as Egyptian/Sudanese participated in focus group discussions on child development norms, and individual interviews on items of the Autism-spectrum Quotient: Children's version (AQ-Child; Auyeung et al., 2007), measuring autistic traits. Data were analysed using template analysis. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Three themes were developed: 1) Value judgements of behaviours; 2) Considerations on differences between children; 3) Problematic interpretations of AQ-Child items. These processes may affect how parents and community members report on children's autistic traits. Cross-cultural comparisons suggested subtle differences in interpretations and judgements, and British participants referred to age expectations and comparisons with other children more than Egyptian/Sudanese participants. However, within-group variability, sometimes attributed to socioeconomic status and generation, appeared larger than cross-cultural differences. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings further the insights on influence of culture and within-community factors on reporting children's behaviour relevant to autism. These can inform the adaptation of screening tools in multi-cultural settings, to promote better autism recognition in communities where it may be underdiagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Genovesi
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Addison House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE11UL, UK.
| | - Philippa Ullmer
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Addison House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE11UL, UK
| | - Laila Bhatti
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Addison House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE11UL, UK
| | - Pauline Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Addison House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE11UL, UK
| | - Perah Memon
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Addison House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE11UL, UK
| | - Dimple Panchani
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Addison House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE11UL, UK
| | - Monica Rafla
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Addison House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE11UL, UK
| | - Maya Welford
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Addison House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE11UL, UK
| | - Rosa A Hoekstra
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Addison House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE11UL, UK
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15
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Plazy M, Doucet MH, Timbo Songbono C, Sanon A, Issiaka B, Martin C, Da I, L'hostellier A, Marcy O, Malvy D, Poda A, Delamou A, Berthé A, Orne-Gliemann J. Acceptability and feasibility of home and hospital follow-up in Burkina Faso and Guinea: A mixed-method study among patients of the COVID-19 Coverage-Africa clinical trial. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001545. [PMID: 37437024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Patient experiences and perspectives on trial participation and follow-up may influence their compliance with research procedures or negatively impact their well-being. We aimed to explore the acceptability and feasibility of home-based and hospital-based follow-up modalities among COVID-19 patients enrolled in the ANTICOV ANRS COV33 Coverage-Africa trial in Burkina Faso and Guinea. The trial (2021-2022) evaluated the efficacy of treatments to prevent clinical worsening among COVID-19 patients with mild to moderate symptoms. Patients were either based at home or hospitalized, as per national recommendations, and followed-up through face-to-face visits and phone calls. We conducted a mixed-methods sub-study administering a questionnaire to all consenting participants and individually interviewing purposively selected participants. We performed descriptive analyses of Likert scale questions for the questionnaires and thematic analysis for the interviews. We conducted framework analysis and interpretation. Of the 400 trial patients, 220 completed the questionnaire (n = 182 in Burkina Faso, n = 38 in Guinea) and 24 were interviewed (n = 16 and n = 8, respectively). Participants were mostly followed-up at home in Burkina Faso; all patients from Guinea were first hospitalized, then followed-up at home. Over 90% of participants were satisfied with follow-up. Home follow-up was considered acceptable if (i) participants perceived they were not severely ill, (ii) it was combined with telemedicine, and (iii) the risk of stigma could be avoided. Hospital-based follow-up was viewed as a way to prevent contamination of family members, but could be badly experienced when mandatory and conflicting with family responsibilities and commitments. Phone calls were seen as reassuring and as a way to ensure continuity of care. These overall positive findings support the development of home-based follow-up for mildly ill patients in West-Africa, provided that both emotional and cognitive factors at individual, familial/inter-relational, healthcare and national levels be addressed when planning the implementation of a trial, or developing any public health strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Plazy
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Doucet
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christine Timbo Songbono
- African Centre of Excellence in the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases (CEA-PCMT), Faculty of Sciences and Health Techniques, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
- The Alliance for International Medical Action (ALIMA), Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Anselme Sanon
- Muraz Centre, Department of Public Health, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Bamba Issiaka
- Muraz Centre, Department of Public Health, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Caroline Martin
- The Alliance for International Medical Action (ALIMA), Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Inès Da
- Muraz Centre, Department of Public Health, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Anthony L'hostellier
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Marcy
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Denis Malvy
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
- Division of Tropical Medicine and Clinical International Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, CHU Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Armel Poda
- Superior Institute of Health Sciences, Nazi Boni University, CHU Sourô Sanou, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Alexandre Delamou
- African Centre of Excellence in the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases (CEA-PCMT), Faculty of Sciences and Health Techniques, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Abdramane Berthé
- Muraz Centre, Department of Public Health, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Joanna Orne-Gliemann
- University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR 1219, Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) EMR 271, Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Bordeaux, France
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16
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Kosteletos G, Zioga I, Protopapadakis ED, Panayiotou AG, Kontoangelos K, Papageorgiou C. The Consequentialist Scale: Translation and empirical investigation in a Greek sample. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18386. [PMID: 37539210 PMCID: PMC10393767 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Consequentialist Scale (Robinson, 2012) [89] assesses the endorsement of consequentialist and deontological moral beliefs. This study empirically investigated the application of the Greek translation of the Consequentialist Scale in a sample of native Greek speakers. Specifically, 415 native Greek speakers completed the questionnaire. To uncover the underlying structure of the 10 items in the Consequentialist Scale, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted. The results revealed a three-factor solution, where the deontology factor exhibited the same structure as the original work by Robinson (2012) [89], while the original consequentialism factor split into two separate factors. Significant Pearson's r correlations were observed between age and responses to the Consequentialist Scale. Separate EFAs were conducted for two age groups based on a medial split: younger (36 years old or less) and older (more than 36 years old). Interestingly, the younger group exhibited a two-factor solution with the same structure as the original work, while the older group showed a three-factor solution. A hierarchical k-means cluster analysis revealed that the cluster of participants who scored higher in deontology compared to consequentialism primarily consisted of older participants, whereas the two other clusters comprised of younger participants exhibited the reverse pattern. Neither gender nor previous experience with philosophy significantly affected scores on the Consequentialist Scale. Overall, our study provides evidence that the Consequentialist Scale is suitable for use in the Greek population.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kosteletos
- University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute “COSTAS STEFANIS” (UMHRI), Athens, Greece
- Applied Philosophy Research Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioanna Zioga
- University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute “COSTAS STEFANIS” (UMHRI), Athens, Greece
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Evangelos D. Protopapadakis
- Applied Philosophy Research Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andrie G. Panayiotou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Konstantinos Kontoangelos
- University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute “COSTAS STEFANIS” (UMHRI), Athens, Greece
- First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalabos Papageorgiou
- University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute “COSTAS STEFANIS” (UMHRI), Athens, Greece
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Shapouri S. Of Germs and Culture; Parasite Stress as the Origin of Individualism-Collectivism. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:82-89. [PMID: 35966138 PMCID: PMC9362146 DOI: 10.1007/s40806-022-00335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Among four proposed origins of individualism-collectivism, modernization theory, rice versus wheat theory, climato-economic theory, and pathogen stress theory, the latter has gained more attention in cross-cultural and evolutionary psychology. Since the parasite stress theory of values and sociality makes a connection between infectious diseases and cultural orientations, it gained even more popularity during the COVID pandemic. But despite extensive research on parasite stress theory, it is not still clear what kind of infectious disease contributes more to the emergence of cultures, what are the possible mechanisms through which pathogenic threat gives rise to cultural systems, and how parasite stress might affect vertical vs. horizontal dimensions of individualism-collectivism. This review summarizes and integrates major findings of parasite stress theory related to individualism-collectivism and its closely related variables and discusses future directions that researchers can take to answer the remaining questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Shapouri
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA 30602 USA
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18
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Doucet MH, Songbono CT, Plazy M, Martin C, Fritzell C, Sow MS, Traoré FA, Jaspard M, Poda A, Malvy D, Marcy O, Delamou A, Orne-Gliemann J. Perceptions of COVID-19 among communities of Conakry (Guinea): a qualitative study exploring the context of the ANRS COV33 Coverage-Africa therapeutic trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061715. [PMID: 36574985 PMCID: PMC9805824 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore communities' perceptions about COVID-19 in the context of the ANRS COV33 Coverage-Africa clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of treatments in preventing clinical worsening of COVID-19. DESIGN Descriptive qualitative study using semistructured in-depth individual interviews conducted by telephone in French and Soussou between May and September 2021. Data were transcribed, translated in French when applicable and analysed with the thematic analysis method. SETTING The eight neighbourhoods most affected by COVID-19 in Conakry's urban context, capital of Guinea. PARTICIPANTS 4 community leaders acting as key informants-providing insights regarding population's opinions-and six community members, who were exposed to an information session conducted as part of Coverage-Africa. RESULTS According to participants, community members have heterogeneous viewpoints about COVID-19: it exists and is dangerous; it is benign ('bad cold'); or it is fictitious (eg, government conspiracy). The fear of stigmatisation and social isolation of those sick or cured of COVID-19 was largely reported by participants, with illustrations of distressing situations for the victims. To avoid stigma, many patients seem to adopt strategies of discretion (eg, lying/hiding about the disease). Although community attitudes were reported to have evolved since the beginning of the epidemic, stigma remained a pervasive concern for many people. CONCLUSIONS Community perceptions about COVID-19 in Conakry may be partly explained by the Guinean context of Ebola history and of sociopolitical tensions. Stigmatisation of COVID+ people seems to be aimed at protecting others against contamination. However, social avoidance can greatly affect the morale of stigmatised people, especially in collectivist cultures like Guinea. Further investigating stigma, including its role on seeking COVID-19 screening and treatment services, and its consequences on mental health among affected/exposed people, would contribute to identifying improved prevention and care interventions in preparation for future health threats, and to promoting participation in health research. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04920838 (Pre-results stage).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Doucet
- Team GHiGS, University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christine Timbo Songbono
- Alliance for International Medical Action (ALIMA), Conakry, Guinea
- Africa Center of Excellence (CEA-PCMT), University Gamal Abdel Nasser, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Mélanie Plazy
- Team GHiGS, University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Martin
- Alliance for International Medical Action (ALIMA), Conakry, Guinea
| | - Camille Fritzell
- Team GHiGS, University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mamadou Saliou Sow
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Donka National Hospital, Conakry, Guinea
- Infectious Diseases, University Gamal Abdel Nasser, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Fodé Amara Traoré
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Donka National Hospital, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Marie Jaspard
- Team GHiGS, University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Emerging Infectious Disease Research, Alliance for International Medical Action (ALIMA), Paris, France
| | - Armel Poda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Sourô Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Denis Malvy
- Department of General Practice, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Hospital Centre Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Marcy
- Team GHiGS, University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandre Delamou
- Africa Center of Excellence (CEA-PCMT), University Gamal Abdel Nasser, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Joanna Orne-Gliemann
- Team GHiGS, University of Bordeaux, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
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A qualitative study on the experience of stigma for Chinese parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19550. [PMID: 36379973 PMCID: PMC9666461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiencing stigma related to having a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be difficult and is detrimental to parent well-being. Since the research on stigmatized experiences among parents of children with ASD in non-Western communities is limited, this qualitative study examined the experiences, reactions and impacts of stigma on parents of children with ASD in Hong Kong. In-depth interviews were conducted with 54 Chinese parents/caregivers of children with ASD aged between 35 and 73 years old. Data were analyzed using an inductive approach. The participants reported stigma which stemmed from negative labelling of their children by schools and healthcare professionals, bullying by peers, stereotypes of ASD and stigma linked to autistic children's behavior in the community. The reactions of participants towards stigmatization were classified into internalizing reactions including apologizing, ignoring and concealing ASD and externalizing reactions such as fighting back. The participants also reported impacts of stigma on both personal and emotional levels. The results point to the urgent need for the government to allocate resources and make concerted efforts to reduce stigma by educating the community to foster more positive attitudes towards individuals with ASD and offer support and counselling services to parents.
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Özlü-Erkilic Z, Diehm R, Wenzel T, Bingöl Ҫağlayan RH, Güneş H, Üneri ÖŞ, Winter S, Akkaya-Kalayci T. Transcultural differences in suicide attempts among children and adolescents with and without migration background, a multicentre study: in Vienna, Berlin, Istanbul. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1671-1683. [PMID: 34050830 PMCID: PMC9666344 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
While suicide can occur throughout the lifespan, worldwide suicide is the second leading cause of death among young people aged between 15 and 29 years. The aim of this multicentre study, conducted in Austria, Germany and Turkey, is to investigate the transcultural differences of suicide attempts among children and adolescents with and without migration background. The present study is a retrospective analyses of the records of 247 young people, who were admitted after a suicide attempt to Emergency Outpatient Clinics of Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the collaborating Universities including Medical University of Vienna, Charité University Medicine Berlin and Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine and Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Mental Health in Istanbul over a 3-year period. The results of the present study show significant transcultural differences between minors with and without migration background in regard to triggering reasons, method of suicide attempts and psychiatric diagnosis. The trigger event "intra-familial conflicts" and the use of "low-risk methods" for their suicide attempt were more frequent among patients with migration background. Moreover among native parents living in Vienna and Berlin divorce of parents were more frequent compared to parents living in Istanbul and migrants in Vienna. These results can be partly explained by cultural differences between migrants and host society. Also disadvantages in socio-economic situations of migrants and their poorer access to the healthcare system can mostly lead to acute and delayed treatments. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to understand better the impact of migration on the suicidal behaviour of young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Özlü-Erkilic
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Outpatient Clinic of Transcultural Psychiatry and Migration Induced Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Diehm
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wenzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Hülya Bingöl Ҫağlayan
- Department of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Kocamustafapasa Cd. No: 53, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Güneş
- Department of Psychology, İstanbul Gelisim University, Cihangir Mahallesi Şehit Jandarma Komando Er Hakan Oner Sk. No:1, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Mental Health and Neurological Disorders, Zuhuratbaba Mah. Dr Tevfik Sağlam Cad. No:25/2, Bakirköy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özden Şükran Üneri
- Department of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry, Ankara City Hospital, AYBÜ Ankara Şehir Hastanesi Çocuk Hastanesi 06800 Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibylle Winter
- Departement of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychsomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow, Augustenbruger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Türkan Akkaya-Kalayci
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Outpatient Clinic of Transcultural Psychiatry and Migration Induced Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Postgraduate University Program Transcultural Medicine and Diversity Care, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Dimitrova VS, Zahariev B, Martinova M. Attitudes toward people with mental disorders in Bulgaria. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 69:613-625. [PMID: 36300912 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221127905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Public attitudes toward people with mental disorders determine their life chances and potential integration in society. In this article, we present results from a large representative study that aims to understand whether and how Bulgarian society stigmatizes people with mental disorder, and how demographic characteristics relate to certain types of attitudes. The CAMI III instrument was the basis for the specific research design. The article presents two types of analysis of the data. Firstly, Factor analysis revealed three factors which partially coincide with original categories of the CAMI III Scale - Factor 1 'Authoritarianism and Social Restrictiveness', Factor 2 'Benevolence and Community Mental Health Ideology', and Factor 3 'Liberalism'. Secondly, a one-way ANOVA test was carried out, taking the assigned factor scores as dependent variable, on one hand, and demographic and social-economic characteristics as independent variables, on the other. Results reveal that people between 18-24 and over 75 years old are the most authoritarian and socially restrictive, while those between 24-75 years old are the most benevolent. Our analysis show an influence of religion and ethnicity on authoritarianism and social restrictiveness, but on benevolence as well. Education, occupation, and profession is related to the scores of the factors. The results correspond to findings from studies form other contexts but reveal underrepresented aspects such as 1. socio-economic characteristics - ethnicity and religion; 2. the socializing role of the institutions in the formation of the image of the mentally ill among different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Martinova
- Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Department of Communities and Identities, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Salleh NS, Tang LY, Jayanath S, Lim Abdullah K. An Explorative Study of Affiliate Stigma, Resilience, and Quality of Life Among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:2053-2066. [PMID: 36124176 PMCID: PMC9482371 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s376869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Children diagnosed with ASD usually have impaired social functions, exhibit repetitive, stereotyped and self-stimulatory behaviors, which make them prone to be stigmatized by the public. However, stigma not only affects those with stigmatization characteristics such as children with ASD but also tends to include other people related to them including parents. This is called affiliate stigma. However, affiliate stigma is unlikely to occur if public awareness is high. Considering that awareness of ASD is still comparatively low in this region and that, as a review of the literature showed, there have been limited studies on stigma and ASD conducted in South-East Asia, particularly in Malaysia, this study is of great significance, especially in the context of the East and other developing countries. The aim of this study was to explore parents' experiences of caring and perceptions of affiliate stigma, resilience and quality of life (QoL) when caring for a child with ASD. Methods This paper is part of the sequential explanatory mixed-methods study in which, after a cross-sectional study of 144 parents, a qualitative approach was used to explore parents' experiences of caring and their perceptions of affiliate stigma, resilience, and QoL. Participants were recruited when they were accompanying their children to therapy at two tertiary public hospitals in one of the north-eastern states of Malaysia. Eleven parents of children with ASD aged 2-12 years participated. Qualitative data analysis followed Braun and Clarke's methodology of thematic analysis. Results Four themes were identified: the meaning of QoL, ASD and life adjustment, perceived stigma, and resilience. Conclusion This is the first Southeast Asian study on parent-perceived affiliate stigma, resilience, and QoL in the context of ASD. These findings can inform healthcare personnel and policymakers into day-to-day parenting realities and therefore an effort to coordinate support services across all disciplines could be made to improve outcomes for both parents and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Shuhada Salleh
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Li Yoong Tang
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subhashini Jayanath
- Developmental Pediatrics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Lim Abdullah
- Department of Nursing, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
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Rajkumar RP. The Correlates of Government Expenditure on Mental Health Services: An Analysis of Data From 78 Countries and Regions. Cureus 2022; 14:e28284. [PMID: 36039126 PMCID: PMC9400922 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Governmental investment in mental health is of vital importance for the implementation and maintenance of educational, preventive, and therapeutic services related to mental illness, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, mental health expenditures represent only a small portion of total health spending in many countries. Little is known about the economic, social, or health-related factors that may influence variations in governmental spending in this sector. Methods Data on government expenditure on mental health as a percentage of total healthcare expenditure, collected by the WHO from 78 countries and regions in the period 2013-2014, was available for study. These data were analyzed in relation to key economic, social, and health-related indicators. The selection of these indicators was based on prior national and regional research and expert opinion as reported in the existing literature. Results Government spending on mental health was below 1% of health expenditure in 24.4% of the countries studied. A number of economic, social, and health-related indicators were significantly associated with variations in spending on mental health. Based on the partial correlation, sub-group, and multivariate linear regression analyses, the variables most significantly associated with low government spending on mental health were the burden of communicable diseases (β = −.47, p = .001) and cultural collectivism (β = −.37, p = .008). Conclusions These results suggest that low government investment in mental health may be associated not only with economic or political factors but also with variations in disease burden and in cultural attitudes across countries. Though no direct assumption regarding causation can be made, such findings may be of value when advocating for greater public investment in mental health, particularly in non-Western cultures with a high competing burden of infectious diseases.
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Merritt OA, Rowa K, Purdon CL. How do close others to those with anxiety feel about treatment? Development and validation of the Treatment Concerns Questionnaire-Close Others. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2022; 46:1157-1169. [PMID: 35874172 PMCID: PMC9295086 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-022-10318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The close others (e.g., family members, romantic partners) of people with anxiety and related disorders are typically involved in their treatment decisions. However, we know little about close others' attitudes towards and concerns about their loved one starting cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). Methods Study one surveyed close others of those with anxiety and related disorders (n = 33) about their concerns about their loved one starting CBT. Thematic coding was completed, and items were developed to reflect these themes, comprising a measure of treatment concerns in close others. Study two involved the administration of the novel measure to a larger sample (n = 287) to evaluate its structure, reliability, and validity. Results Close others endorsed having treatment concerns of moderate intensity. The final 17-item measure, the Treatment Concerns Questionnaire-Close Others (TCQ-C), has a robust four-factor structure, with internally consistent subscales including "Adverse Reactions", "Personal/Family Consequences", "Lack of Commitment", and "Ineffectiveness". The measure shows moderate correlations with treatment expectations (convergent validity) and small correlations with respondent distress (discriminant validity). Conclusions The value of this measure for clinicians and future directions for research are discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-022-10318-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A. Merritt
- Psychology Department, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, ON Canada
| | - Karen Rowa
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Centre, St. Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Christine L. Purdon
- Psychology Department, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, ON Canada
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Age Differences in Psychological Antecedents and Behavioral Consequences of Stigmatization Associated with COVID-19 among Koreans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148594. [PMID: 35886444 PMCID: PMC9316940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The first goal of this study is to develop a conceptual model of the causal relationship between psychological antecedents (internal attribution, anger, dangerousness, fear) of stigmatization, stigmatization (public stigma, anticipated stigma), and the behavioral consequences (compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines, COVID-19 testing intention) of stigmatization associated with COVID-19. The second goal of the study is to investigate the age differences in the conceptual model between younger and older adults unconfirmed with COVID-19 in Korea. After building the model based on previous studies, an online survey was conducted with Koreans in their 20s (n = 300, females: 50%) and 60s (n = 300, females: 50%) who had not been confirmed with COVID-19. The results revealed that for participants in their 20s and 60s, their internal attribution of COVID-19 infection to individuals confirmed with COVID-19 enhanced their anger at the individuals. Afterward, their anger increased their anticipated stigma of being confirmed with COVID-19 through enhancing the public stigma of the individuals confirmed with COVID-19. Unexpectedly, the fear of individuals confirmed with COVID-19 elicited by the dangerousness of the individuals had no effect on the public stigma of the individuals among participants in their 20s and 60s. The fear directly enhanced their compliance with the COVID-19 prevention guidelines. Next, for participants in their 20s, their anticipated stigma increased their compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines, but not their COVID-19 testing intention. However, the anticipated stigma did not affect both the compliance with the COVID-19 prevention guidelines and COVID-19 testing intention among participants in their 60s. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.
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Gullett LR, Alhasan DM, Gaston SA, Jackson WB, Kawachi I, Jackson CL. Neighborhood social cohesion and serious psychological distress among Asian, Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and White adults in the United States: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1191. [PMID: 35705933 PMCID: PMC9199195 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13572-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serious psychological distress (SPD) is common and more prevalent in women, older adults, and individuals with a low-income. Prior studies have highlighted the role of low neighborhood social cohesion (nSC) in potentially contributing to SPD; however, few have investigated this association in a large, nationally representative sample of the United States. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the overall and racial/ethnic-, sex/gender-, self-rated health status-, age-, and household income-specific relationships between nSC and SPD. METHODS We used data from survey years 2013 to 2018 of the National Health Interview Survey to investigate nSC and SPD among Asian, Non-Hispanic (NH)-Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and NH-White men as well as women in the United States (N = 168,573) and to determine modification by race/ethnicity, sex/gender, self-rated health status, age, and annual household income. nSC was measured by asking participants four questions related to the trustworthiness and dependability of their neighbors. nSC scores were trichotomized into low (< 12), medium (12-14), and high (15-16). SPD was measured using the Kessler 6 psychological distress scale with scores ≥ 13 indicating SPD. After adjusting for sociodemographic, health behavior, and clinical confounders, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Among 168,573 participants, most were Non-Hispanic (NH)-White (69%), and mean age was 47 ± 0.01 years. After adjustment, low vs. high nSC was associated with a 75% higher prevalence of SPD overall (PR = 1.75 [1.59-1.92]), 4 times the prevalence of SPD among Asian men (PR = 4.06 [1.57-10.50]), 2 times the prevalence of SPD among participants in at least good health (PR = 2.02 [95% CI: 1.74-2.35]), 92% higher prevalence of SPD among participants ≥ 50 years old (PR = 1.92 [1.70-2.18]), and approximately 3 times the prevalence of SPD among Hispanic/Latinx participants with household incomes ≥ $75,000 (PR = 2.97 [1.45-6.08]). CONCLUSIONS Low nSC was associated with higher SPD in the overall population and the magnitude of the association was higher in Asian men, participants who reported good health, older participants, and Hispanic/Latinx adults with higher household incomes. Future research should continue to examine how neighborhood contexts can affect health across various sociodemographic groups, especially among groups with multiple marginalized social identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Gullett
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 111 TW Alexander Drive, MD A3-05, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Dana M Alhasan
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 111 TW Alexander Drive, MD A3-05, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Symielle A Gaston
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 111 TW Alexander Drive, MD A3-05, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - W Braxton Jackson
- Social and Scientific Systems, Inc., a DLH Holdings Company, NC, Durham, USA
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chandra L Jackson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 111 TW Alexander Drive, MD A3-05, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA. .,Intramural Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Cultural Factors Influencing Mental Health Stigma: Perceptions of Mental Illness (POMI) in Pakistani Emerging Adults. RELIGIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rel13050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pakistan has a fast-growing, young, and highly religious population. Mental health literacy and care in Pakistan do not meet the population’s needs, and mental health stigma (MHS) is cited as the cause. Explanations for MHS across cultures include collectivism, and sociocultural-religious/spiritual beliefs and values surrounding mental illness and those who experience it. MHS interventions and campaigns that aim to improve help-seeking behaviors require insight into the emic perspectives of each target population. Although these perspectives have been elusive for Pakistanis, they are more available today due to growing interest in studying and improving Pakistani mental health. This cross-sectional study of 92 Pakistani emerging adults explored whether collectivism was associated with stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness. This study also piloted the Perceptions of Mental Illness (POMI) questionnaire, a 44-item true/false survey customized to the Pakistani context, to assess how mental health knowledge, perceptions, exposure, and help-seeking preferences related to stigmatizing attitudes. Results indicated that the POMI provided unique insights into Pakistani beliefs and attitudes that relate to both stigmatizing attitudes and collectivism. With further development, the POMI may be used to guide the design of mental health awareness programs in Pakistan, ultimately helping to reduce MHS and increase help seeking when needed.
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An S, Lee H, Lee J, Kang S. Social stigma of suicide in South Korea: A cultural perspective. DEATH STUDIES 2022; 47:259-267. [PMID: 35332850 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2022.2051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study examined suicide stigma in relation to Korean cultural characteristics, such as Collectivism, Chemyon sensitivity (concern about losing a socially acceptable face), the tendency toward conformity, and the emphasis on the interdependent self. We found that these characteristics were connected to suicide stigma in Korea. Those with high Chemyon sensitivity tended to perceive that suicidal people were incompetent, immoral, selfish, and deviated from society. Conformity tendency was positively associated with five stigma factors: incompetence, glorification, immorality, selfishness, and social exclusion. Those who perceived themselves as interdependent tended to consider suicidal people incompetent, lacking morality, self-centered, and deviant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soontae An
- Department of Communication and Media, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hannah Lee
- Ewha Institute for Age Integration Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Lee
- Department of Communication and Media, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Perceived mental illness stigma among family and friends of young people with depression and its role in help-seeking: a qualitative inquiry. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:107. [PMID: 35144565 PMCID: PMC8832742 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive disorders are a serious public health concern. Left untreated, further clinical distress and impairment in important life domains may arise. Yet, the treatment gap remains large. Prior research has shown that individuals with depressive disorders prefer seeking help from informal sources such as family and friends ahead of formal sources. However, this preference has its disadvantages such as experiencing actual, perceived and internalized stigmatizing responses from them which may delay or deter help-seeking. This paper aimed to determine the role of perceived stigma among family and friends in an individual's help-seeking behavior. METHODS Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with patients with depressive disorders from a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Singapore to capture individuals' self-reported experience with depression and stigmatization among family and friends. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data of 33 young adults (mean age = 26 years, SD =4.6; 18 female, 15 male) were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS In all, four broad themes were developed: (1) absence of support, (2) provision of unhelpful support, (3) preference for non-disclosure, and (4) opposition towards formal help-seeking. Lack of awareness of depression and perpetuation of stigma manifests as barriers towards help-seeking in the form of absence of support and provision of unhelpful support which subsequently leads to a preference for non-disclosure, as well as opposition by family and friends towards formal help-seeking. CONCLUSIONS Data from this study can contribute to the development of public health programs aimed at improving awareness and support from family and friends and facilitating earlier help-seeking among young people with depressive disorders.
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Unpacking stigma: Meta-analyses of correlates and moderators of personal stigma in psychosis. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 89:102077. [PMID: 34563943 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Personal stigma entails perceived, experienced and internalised stigmatisation. Mental Health stigma has been widely researched across a range of countries and a meta-analysis of their associations and moderators in psychosis is timely. Meta-analyses were conducted examining the correlates and moderators of personal stigma in terms of: (1) demographic variables (2) illness related variables (3) symptoms/negative outcomes, and (4) aspects of wellbeing. Associations were obtained from a total of 216 records. Several demographic factors including age, economic status, employment, and rural residence had small associations with aspects of personal stigma (r's = 0.12 to -0.13). Personal stigma aspects were inversely related to medication adherence (r's = -0.20, -0.21), and positively associated with insight and number of hospitalisations (r's = 0.09-0.19). Most symptoms were positively associated with personal stigma (r's = 0.10-0.43), whereas inverse relations with wellbeing variables were identified (r's = -0.13 to -0.54). Moderator effects emerged including that of cultural setting and sex, age and education level, highlighting the role of cultural and demographic factors in shaping personal stigma aspects in psychosis. The present study also highlights the importance of recognizing the negative effect of actual stigma and discrimination experiences; particularly its detrimental impact on self-image and its complex role in shaping the internalisation of societal stigma.
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Chu SY, Lee J, Wong YY, Gan CH, Fierro V, Hersh D. Knowledge mediates attitude in autism spectrum disorders? Data from Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 69:568-577. [PMID: 37346250 PMCID: PMC10281351 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2021.1975254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Limited efforts have been made in middle- and low-income countries to raise public awareness of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) over the past ten years. We report data from a general population survey exploring the relationship between awareness, knowledge, and attitudes regarding autism in Malaysia. A questionnaire consisting of items related to awareness, knowledge, and attitudes regarding ASD was distributed. The scores of knowledge of ASD and attitude towards ASD were 6.87 (SD = 4.17; with a total possible score of 12) and 6.39 (SD = 2.77; with a total possible score of 9), respectively, indicating that, on average, the participants had moderate levels of knowledge and attitude. Structural equation modeling showed that improving awareness and knowledge about ASD will enhance more positive attitudes towards ASD. Efforts should be geared towards disseminating information about ASD, in order to increase acceptance of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ying Chu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Speech Sciences Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership and Counseling, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Yee Yan Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Speech Sciences Programme, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chun Hong Gan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Rehabilitation & Special Needs Studies, Programme of Clinical Psychology and Behavioural Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Veronica Fierro
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Rockhurst University, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Deborah Hersh
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- School of Allied Health Science and Practice, Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia
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Werner P, Kim S. A Cross-National Study of Dementia Stigma Among the General Public in Israel and Australia. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:103-110. [PMID: 34250936 PMCID: PMC8461698 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing amount of research on dementia stigma, there is a dearth of cross-national studies conducted on this subject. This is surprising since the experience of stigma is closely associated to socio-cultural aspects. OBJECTIVE The present study intended to expand knowledge about the impact of culture on dementia stigma by comparing the level and correlates of stigmatic beliefs about dementia among the general public in Israel and Australia. METHODS A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted with two age-matched samples: 447 adults in Israel and 290 adults in Australia. RESULTS Overall, dementia stigma was moderate in both countries. However, the level of dementia stigma was significantly higher in Australia than in Israel. Lower levels of subjective knowledge and higher levels of ageism were associated with increased levels of stigmatic beliefs in both countries. Gender was a significant correlate of dementia stigma, with male participants reporting higher levels of public stigma than women, although this gender difference was mainly driven by the Australian sample. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that providing knowledge and decreasing ageist attitudes should be key considerations in dementia awareness and stigma reduction campaigns despite the cultural context. In addition, developing gender-specific messages should be considered as a way of improving the effects of such campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Werner
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sarang Kim
- Wicking Dementia Research & Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Mental Illness Stigma and Associated Factors among Arabic-Speaking Religious and Community Leaders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157991. [PMID: 34360281 PMCID: PMC8345608 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that Arabic-speaking refugees in Australia seek help from informal sources, including religious and community leaders, when experiencing mental health issues. Despite their significant influence, there is scarce research exploring attitudes of Arabic-speaking leaders toward mental illness. The current exploratory study explored mental illness stigma and various factors among Arabic-speaking religious and community leaders. This study uses a subset of data from an evaluation trial of mental health literacy training for Arabic-speaking religious and community leaders. Our dataset contains the pre-intervention survey responses for 52 Arabic-speaking leaders (69.2% female; mean age = 47.1, SD = 15.3) on the ability to recognise a mental disorder, beliefs about causes for developing mental illness, and two stigma measures, personal stigma, and social distance. Being female was associated with a decrease in personal stigma. An increase in age was associated with an increase in personal stigma. Correct recognition of a mental disorder was associated with decreased personal stigma, and after adjusting for age and gender, significance was retained for the I-would-not-tell-anyone subscale. Endorsing the cause “being a person of weak character” was associated with an increase in personal stigma. There is an urgent need for future research to elucidate stigma to develop effective educational initiatives for stigma reduction among Arabic-speaking leaders.
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Yu BCL, Chio FHN, Mak WWS, Corrigan PW, Chan KKY. Internalization process of stigma of people with mental illness across cultures: A meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 87:102029. [PMID: 34058604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analytic study synthesized findings from 108 independent data sets across 22 cultures to investigate whether the stigma internalization model (the internalization of experienced stigma and perceived stigma to self-stigma) is associated with well-being and recovery of people with mental illness. We also examined the moderating role of collectivism in the internalization process. Results of the meta-analytic structural equation modeling suggested that self-stigma is a significant mediator in the relationships between experienced stigma and perceived stigma with well-being and recovery variables (indirect effects = 0.02 to -0.16). Experienced and perceived stigma had significant direct effects on well-being and recovery variables (Bs = 0.07 to -0.21, p < 0.05), suggesting that both external (e.g., public stigma) and internal (i.e., self-stigma) influences of stigma work concurrently to affect recovery and well-being of people with mental illness. The results of the mixed effect three-level meta-analytic models showed that collectivism significantly moderated the relationship between experienced and perceived stigma with self-stigma (Bs = 0.06 to 0.11, p < 0.05). This implied that the more collectivistic a culture is, the stronger the correlation between experienced and perceived stigma with self-stigma. Implications to stigma reduction approaches were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben C L Yu
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Floria H N Chio
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, North Point, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie W S Mak
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
| | - Patrick W Corrigan
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, United States
| | - Kelly K Y Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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Pan H, Chen Z. Cultural capital and mediatory role of meaning-making in post-bereavement depression among older adults in rural China. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Üstün-Yavuz MS, Warmington M, Gerlach H, St Louis KO. Cultural difference in attitudes towards stuttering among British, Arab and Chinese students: Considering home and host cultures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2021; 56:609-619. [PMID: 33818900 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geographical and cultural differences have been shown to affect public attitudes towards stuttering. However, increasingly for many individuals in the world one's birthplace culture (or home culture) and culture in their local geographical environment (or host culture) are not the same. AIMS The effects of home culture and host culture in shaping the attitudes towards stuttering among students with British, Arab and Chinese home cultures attending one British university were explored. The effects of host culture were investigated by considering the time lived in the UK for Arab and Chinese students. METHODS & PROCEDURES The study used a descriptive survey design that included a standardized self-delivered questionnaire: the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S). Purposive sampling was carried out thorough volunteer mailing lists, student societies and personal contact. The final sample of 156 university students included 51 British, 52 Arab and 53 Chinese students. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Overall stuttering score (OSS), which is indicative of attitudes towards stuttering, was highest for British participants (mean = 30) and lowest for Chinese participants (mean = 13), with Arab participants falling in the middle (mean = 21). The differences in attitudes between the three groups were statistically significant, suggesting that home culture is a contributor to attitudes towards stuttering. A post-hoc item analysis of the POSHA-S revealed numerous specific differences in attitudes towards stuttering between the three groups, including differences in the attribution of the aetiology of stuttering, their role in helping people who stutter (PWS) and sympathy toward PWS. Time lived in the UK-a proxy measure for the role of host culture-did not significantly influence the attitudes of Arab and Chinese respondents. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS To varying degrees, all three groups had evidence of stereotypical stuttering attitudes. Nevertheless, given similar ages and student status in the same university, observed respondent differences confirm previous research documenting geographical influences on stuttering attitudes in Western versus East Asian and Middle Eastern samples. The study also provides evidence that home culture was influential in shaping attitudes towards stuttering, but host culture was not a significant contributor. What this paper adds What is already known on the subject Public stereotypical beliefs towards stuttering are found across the world and hinder the quality of life among PWS. Different cultures have unique stereotypical beliefs towards PWS. What this study adds to existing knowledge To the best of our knowledge, no other study has investigated specifically if individuals who live in the same geographical location but have different home cultures, have similar or differing attitudes towards PWS. Results provide preliminary evidence that the home culture of an individual was influential in shaping attitudes towards PWS, but host culture, measured as the length of time living in the current geographical location, did not have a significant relationship with attitudes towards stuttering. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work This study highlights that culturally sensitive clinical practice should not be based on just the culture of the region but should take home culture into consideration as well, and clinicians should discuss cultural perceptions of stuttering with clients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem S Üstün-Yavuz
- Division of Human Communications Sciences, Health Sciences School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Hope Gerlach
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth O St Louis
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Linking Child Autism to Parental Depression and Anxiety: The Mediating Roles of Enacted and Felt Stigma. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 51:527-537. [PMID: 32519191 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether child autistic symptoms would heighten parental affective symptoms through evoking enacted stigma from the community (i.e., public and courtesy stigma) and felt stigma within the parents (i.e., vicarious and self-stigma). Cross-sectional questionnaire data were collected from 441 parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Path analyses showed that social communication and interaction deficits and restricted and repetitive behaviors in child autism were positively associated with public and courtesy stigma. While public stigma was positively associated with parental vicarious stigma, courtesy stigma was positively associated with parental self-stigma. Both vicarious and self-stigma were positively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms among parents. Findings revealed how child autism could compromise parental well-being through exacerbating the family's stigmatizing experiences.
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Hastuti R, Timming AR. An inter-disciplinary review of the literature on mental illness disclosure in the workplace: implications for human resource management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2021.1875494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Hastuti
- School of Management, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Islamic Business and Economics, IAIN, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
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Ran MS, Hall BJ, Su TT, Prawira B, Breth-Petersen M, Li XH, Zhang TM. Stigma of mental illness and cultural factors in Pacific Rim region: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:8. [PMID: 33413195 PMCID: PMC7789475 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cultural factors play a crucial role in experience of stigma, there is scant review on the impact and importance of culture on stigma of mental illness across Pacific Rim Region. This study aims to investigate: 1) the cultural factors related to stigmatizing beliefs about mental illness in Pacific Rim region, and 2) culture-specific measures and interventions on stigma of mental illness. METHODS A systematic search of papers was conducted in the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Google scholar through January 2003 to April 2019. RESULTS Forty-one studies in Pacific Rim region which met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The rate of stigma of mental illness (e.g., public stigma: from 25.4 to 85.2%) was relatively high in Pacific Rim region. Culture factors (e.g., Collectivism, Confucianism, face concern and familism, religion and supernatural beliefs) contributed to people's stigmatizing behaviors and attitudes toward persons with mental illness, their relatives and mental health professionals. Certain measurements were developed and employed to assess different type of cultural factors related to stigma of mental illness. CONCLUSIONS Cultural factors play an important role in influencing the rate and performance of stigma of mental illness. Further research on stigma of mental illness and culture-specific interventions to reduce the stigma should be conducted in the Pacific Rim region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Sheng Ran
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Brian J. Hall
- Department of Psychology, The University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Tin Tin Su
- grid.440425.3South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Selangor DE, Malaysia
| | - Benny Prawira
- Into The Light Indonesia Suicide Prevention Community for Advocacy, Research and Education, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Matilde Breth-Petersen
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xu-Hong Li
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tian-Ming Zhang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Mental health literacy of the Lebanese population (MHeLLP): a cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/jpmh-04-2020-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This study primarily aims to evaluate the mental health literacy (MHL) of the Lebanese adult population in an attempt to yield results that can help fill the gap in the literature and support the development of new strategies to counter mental health stigma.
Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional survey was composed of the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule and select questions from the Community Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill and MHL Scale. The surveys were collected from a representative population of sample size (n = 386) among the different governorates of Lebanon. The participants, aged 18–65 years and literate, were recruited between July 2018 and September 2018 from supermarkets widely distributed across the country.
Findings
The results showed that the Lebanese population possesses average knowledge and certain stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illnesses. Curricular education and awareness campaigns may help refine the image of mental illness among the population.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is one of the first in Lebanon to assess the MHL of its population as a whole. It gives insight into the common misconceptions about mental illness and patterns of the related stigma that are prevalent in the Lebanese society today.
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Gaiha SM, Taylor Salisbury T, Koschorke M, Raman U, Petticrew M. Stigma associated with mental health problems among young people in India: a systematic review of magnitude, manifestations and recommendations. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:538. [PMID: 33198678 PMCID: PMC7667785 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, 20% of young people experience mental disorders. In India, only 7.3% of its 365 million youth report such problems. Although public stigma associated with mental health problems particularly affects help-seeking among young people, the extent of stigma among young people in India is unknown. Describing and characterizing public stigma among young people will inform targeted interventions to address such stigma in India, and globally. Thus, we examined the magnitude and manifestations of public stigma, and synthesised evidence of recommendations to reduce mental-health-related stigma among young people in India. METHOD A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted. Nine electronic databases were searched and 30 studies (n = 6767) met inclusion criteria. RESULTS Most studies (66%) focused on youth training to become health professionals. One-third of young people display poor knowledge of mental health problems and negative attitudes towards people with mental health problems and one in five had actual/intended stigmatizing behavior (I2>=95%). Young people are unable to recognize causes and symptoms of mental health problems and believe that recovery is unlikely. People with mental health problems are perceived as dangerous and irresponsible, likely due to misinformation and misunderstanding of mental health problems as being solely comprised of severe mental disorders (e.g. schizophrenia). However, psychiatric labels are not commonly used/understood. CONCLUSION Public education may use symptomatic vignettes (through relatable language and visuals) instead of psychiatric labels to improve young people's understanding of the range of mental health problems. Recommended strategies to reduce public stigma include awareness campaigns integrated with educational institutions and content relevant to culture and age-appropriate social roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Mathur Gaiha
- Indian Institute of Public Health- Hyderabad, Public Health Foundation of India, Hyderabad, India.
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Tatiana Taylor Salisbury
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Mirja Koschorke
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Usha Raman
- Department of Communication, Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Communication, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mark Petticrew
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Molloy L, Beckett P, Chidarikire S, Merrick TT, Guha M, Patton D. Culture, the Stigma of Mental Illness, and Young People. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2020; 58:15-18. [DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20201013-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Carlbring P, Nygårdh A, Broström A, Hamilton K, Pakpour AH. Testing an app-based intervention to improve insomnia in patients with epilepsy: A randomized controlled trial. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 112:107371. [PMID: 32861897 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Insomnia has adverse effects on people with epilepsy. We aimed to test a novel cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) app-based intervention on insomnia symptoms and social psychological factors in people with epilepsy and to examine the possible mechanisms among the factors. METHODS Participants were recruited from neurology clinics in Iran and comprised individuals diagnosed with epilepsy and having moderate to severe insomnia. A two-arm randomized controlled trial design was used, consisting of a treatment group (CBT-I; n = 160) and control group (patient education; n = 160). Primary outcomes were self-reported sleep quality, insomnia severity, and sleep hygiene behavior and objective sleep characteristics measured by actigraphy. Secondary outcomes were attitude, perceived behavioral control, intention, action planning, coping planning, behavioral automaticity, self-monitoring, anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QoL). All outcomes were measured at baseline, and at one, three, and six months postintervention, except objective sleep, which was assessed at baseline, and one and six months postintervention. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models. RESULTS Current findings showed that sleep quality, insomnia severity, sleep hygiene behavior, and sleep onset latency were significantly improved in the CBT-I group compared with the patient education group at all measurement points. Also, the CBT-I group had significantly improved anxiety, depression, and QoL compared with the patient education group. Mediation analyses showed that attitude, intention, coping planning, self-monitoring, and behavioral automaticity significantly mediated the effect of the intervention on sleep outcomes. CONCLUSION Results support the use of the CBT-I app to improve sleep outcomes among people with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Vida Imani
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Per Carlbring
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annette Nygårdh
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Broström
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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DeLuca JS, Hwang J, Stepinski L, Yanos PT. Understanding explanatory mechanisms for racial and ethnic differences in mental health stigma: the role of vertical individualism and right-wing authoritarianism. J Ment Health 2020; 31:39-49. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2020.1836556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S. DeLuca
- Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Junseon Hwang
- Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Stepinski
- Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip T. Yanos
- Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA
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Subramaniam M, Shahwan S, Abdin E, Goh CMJ, Ong WJ, Tan GTH, Baig N, Samari E, Kwok KW, Chong SA. Advancing Research to Eliminate Mental Illness Stigma: The Design and Evaluation of a Single-Arm Intervention Among University Students in Singapore. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1151. [PMID: 32581957 PMCID: PMC7283943 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-stigma interventions for school and college students have been studied in several countries, but to the best of our knowledge, this has not been addressed in Singapore. The current study was designed to address this lacuna and aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an anti-stigma intervention focusing on depression among university students in Singapore. Methods A one-off intervention comprising education and personal contact with a person with lived experience of depression was carried out in nine consecutive sessions over 6 months (October 2018 to April 2019) among 390 university students. Knowledge of depression and extent of stigma toward mental illness were assessed pre- and post-intervention as well as at 3-month follow-up. Results The intervention was effective in improving depression knowledge (d = 1.09; p < 0.001), as well as reducing social distancing (d = 0.54; p < 0.001) and personal stigma (dangerous/undesirable: d = 0.60; p < 0.001 and weak not sick: d = 0.10; p < 0.033) pre- to post-intervention as well as pre- intervention to 3-month follow-up (p < 0.005). Limitations While 3-month follow-up data indicates favorable medium-term impact on knowledge and stigma; the study lacks long-term follow-up to examine the impact of anti-stigma interventions across time. The data were collected through self-report measures; however, social desirability bias is possible despite the assurances of confidentiality. Conclusion Given the impact of the intervention, there is a need to consider the feasibility, challenges, and enablers of implementation of such interventions into the curriculum of university students to ensure a broader and sustained outreach and stigma reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shazana Shahwan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edimansyah Abdin
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Wei Jie Ong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Nawira Baig
- Nursing Department, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ellaisha Samari
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Woon Kwok
- School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
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Nickerson A, Byrow Y, Pajak R, McMahon T, Bryant RA, Christensen H, Liddell BJ. 'Tell Your Story': a randomized controlled trial of an online intervention to reduce mental health stigma and increase help-seeking in refugee men with posttraumatic stress. Psychol Med 2020; 50:781-792. [PMID: 30973115 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refugees report elevated rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but are relatively unlikely to seek help for their symptoms. Mental health stigma is a key barrier to help-seeking amongst refugees. We evaluated the efficacy of an online intervention in reducing self-stigma and increasing help-seeking in refugee men. METHODS Participants were 103 refugee men with PTSD symptoms from Arabic, Farsi or Tamil-speaking backgrounds who were randomly assigned to either receive an 11-module online stigma reduction intervention specifically designed for refugees ('Tell Your Story', TYS) or to a wait-list control (WLC) group. Participants completed online assessments of self-stigma for PTSD and help-seeking, and help-seeking intentions and behaviors at baseline, post-intervention, and at a 1 month follow-up. RESULTS Intent-to-treat analyses indicated that, compared to the WLC, TYS resulted in significantly smaller increases in self-stigma for seeking help from post-treatment to follow-up (d = 0.42, p = 0.008). Further, participants in the TYS conditions showed greater help-seeking behavior from new sources at follow-up (B = 0.69, 95% CI 0.19-1.18, p = 0.007) than those in the WLC. The WLC showed significantly greater increases in help-seeking intentions from post-intervention to follow-up (d = 0.27, p = 0.027), relative to the TYS group. CONCLUSIONS This is the first investigation of a mental health stigma reduction program specifically designed for refugees. Findings suggest that evidence-based stigma reduction strategies are beneficial in targeting self-stigma related to help-seeking and increasing help-seeking amongst refugees. These results indicate that online interventions focusing on social contact may be a promising avenue for removing barriers to accessing help for mental health symptoms in traumatized refugees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Nickerson
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, SydneyNSW2052, Australia
| | - Yulisha Byrow
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, SydneyNSW2052, Australia
| | - Rosanna Pajak
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, SydneyNSW2052, Australia
| | - Tadgh McMahon
- Settlement Services International, Sydney, NSWAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Richard A Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, SydneyNSW2052, Australia
| | - Helen Christensen
- Black Dog Institute, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, SydneyNSW2052, Australia
| | - Belinda J Liddell
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, SydneyNSW2052, Australia
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de Vries M, Cader S, Colleer L, Batteux E, Yasdiman MB, Tan YJ, Sheppard E. University Students' Notion of Autism Spectrum Conditions: A Cross-Cultural Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 50:1281-1294. [PMID: 31901119 PMCID: PMC7101294 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cultural background might influence knowledge and attitudes regarding autism, influencing willingness to interact. We studied whether beliefs, knowledge, contact, and attitude differed between the UK and Malaysia. With mediation analyses, we studied how these factors influenced willingness to interact. Autism was more often linked to food in the UK, and to upbringing in Malaysia. Knowledge, contact, and acceptance were greater in the UK. When excluding psychology students, Malaysian students were less willing to interact with autistic people. Knowledge and contact appeared to improve acceptance, but acceptance did not mediate the relation between country, beliefs, knowledge, and experience; and willingness to interact. Knowledge and contact regarding autism might improve acceptance in different cultures, but how acceptance could improve interaction is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke de Vries
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sabrina Cader
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lucy Colleer
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Eleonore Batteux
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | | | - Yih Jiun Tan
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
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Woloshyn V, Savage MJ. Features of YouTube ™ videos produced by individuals who self-identify with borderline personality disorder. Digit Health 2020; 6:2055207620932336. [PMID: 32587751 PMCID: PMC7294371 DOI: 10.1177/2055207620932336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Many individuals use YouTube™ to seek out information and share first-hand experiences about mental illnesses, as well as to gain a sense of community. YouTube™ use may be especially appealing when offline supports are lacking or difficult to access, and when there is a fear of stigmatisation. Borderline personality disorder (BPD), also referred to as emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD), is a complex and often stigmatised mental-health disorder. The primary objective of this study was to describe the dominant messages that individuals who self-identify with the diagnosis of BPD present through YouTube™ videos. Methods The content analysis method was used to review 349 first-person YouTube™ uploads. Videos were coded for information regarding video and vlogger characteristics, video type, vlogger motivation and video content. Associations between video features including upload date and style and vlogger experience and motivation were examined. Results Findings indicate that more people who self-identify as being diagnosed with BPD are creating YouTube™ videos about their experiences, and these videos have shifted over time from being mostly anonymous multimedia productions to being monologues where the vlogger speaks directly to their audience. Discussions related to DSM-5 symptoms, treatment, effective coping and hope for the future are elements found in the uploads. Conclusion The nature and content of BPD first-person YouTube™ uploads has increased and changed over time. Increased awareness of these changes may assist mental-health practitioners to support clients and direct them to explore uploads that offer hope and promote engagement in help-seeking and effective coping behaviours.
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Byrow Y, Pajak R, Specker P, Nickerson A. Perceptions of mental health and perceived barriers to mental health help-seeking amongst refugees: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2019; 75:101812. [PMID: 31901882 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite elevated rates of psychological disorders amongst individuals from a refugee background, levels of mental health help-seeking in these populations are low. There is an urgent need to understand the key barriers that prevent refugees and asylum-seekers from accessing help for psychological symptoms. This review synthesises literature examining perceptions of mental health and barriers to mental health help-seeking in individuals from a refugee background. Our analysis, which complies with PRISMA reporting guidelines, identified 62 relevant studies. Data extraction and thematic analytic techniques were used to synthesise findings from quantitative (n = 26) and qualitative (n = 40) studies. We found that the salient barriers to help-seeking were: (a) cultural barriers, including mental health stigma and knowledge of dominant models of mental health; (b) structural barriers, including financial strain, language proficiency, unstable accommodation, and a lack of understanding of how to access services, and (c) barriers specific to the refugee experience, including immigration status, a lack of trust in authority figures and concerns about confidentiality. We discuss and contextualise these key themes and consider how these findings can inform the development of policies and programs to increase treatment uptake and ultimately reduce the mental health burden amongst refugees and asylum-seekers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulisha Byrow
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Rosanna Pajak
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philippa Specker
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Angela Nickerson
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Özdemir S, Kahraman S, Ertufan H. Comparison of Death Anxiety, Self-Esteem, and Personality Traits of the People Who Live in Turkey and Denmark. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2019; 84:360-377. [PMID: 31726938 DOI: 10.1177/0030222819885781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research is to investigate death anxiety of the people who live in Turkey and Denmark and have the same cultural background. Cross-cultural studies about death anxiety have been conducted within two different cultures. The goal is to fill the gap in the literature. In this context, participants' self-esteem and personality traits were also investigated. Death Anxiety Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and The Big Five Inventory were used in this study. Seventy-four people from Turkey and 67 from Denmark participated in this research. According to the results, people who live in Turkey have more death anxiety. There is negative correlation between self-esteem and death anxiety. Neuroticism of the personality traits has positive correlation with death anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hakan Ertufan
- Department of Psychology, Doğuş University, İstanbul, Turkey
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