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Xia M, Varmazyad M, Palacin IP, Gavlock DC, Debiasio R, LaRocca G, Reese C, Florentino R, Faccioli LAP, Brown JA, Vernetti LA, Schurdak ME, Stern AM, Gough A, Behari J, Soto-Gutierrez A, Taylor DL, Miedel M. Comparison of Wild-Type and High-risk PNPLA3 variants in a Human Biomimetic Liver Microphysiology System for Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease Precision Therapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.22.590608. [PMID: 38712213 PMCID: PMC11071381 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.22.590608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a worldwide health epidemic with a global occurrence of approximately 30%. The pathogenesis of MASLD is a complex, multisystem disorder driven by multiple factors including genetics, lifestyle, and the environment. Patient heterogeneity presents challenges for developing MASLD therapeutics, creation of patient cohorts for clinical trials and optimization of therapeutic strategies for specific patient cohorts. Implementing pre-clinical experimental models for drug development creates a significant challenge as simple in vitro systems and animal models do not fully recapitulate critical steps in the pathogenesis and the complexity of MASLD progression. To address this, we implemented a precision medicine strategy that couples the use of our liver acinus microphysiology system (LAMPS) constructed with patient-derived primary cells. We investigated the MASLD-associated genetic variant PNPLA3 rs738409 (I148M variant) in primary hepatocytes, as it is associated with MASLD progression. We constructed LAMPS with genotyped wild type and variant PNPLA3 hepatocytes together with key non-parenchymal cells and quantified the reproducibility of the model. We altered media components to mimic blood chemistries, including insulin, glucose, free fatty acids, and immune activating molecules to reflect normal fasting (NF), early metabolic syndrome (EMS) and late metabolic syndrome (LMS) conditions. Finally, we investigated the response to treatment with resmetirom, an approved drug for metabolic syndrome-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), the progressive form of MASLD. This study using primary cells serves as a benchmark for studies using patient biomimetic twins constructed with patient iPSC-derived liver cells using a panel of reproducible metrics. We observed increased steatosis, immune activation, stellate cell activation and secretion of pro-fibrotic markers in the PNPLA3 GG variant compared to wild type CC LAMPS, consistent with the clinical characterization of this variant. We also observed greater resmetirom efficacy in PNPLA3 wild type CC LAMPS compared to the GG variant in multiple MASLD metrics including steatosis, stellate cell activation and the secretion of pro-fibrotic markers. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the capability of the LAMPS platform for the development of MASLD precision therapeutics, enrichment of patient cohorts for clinical trials, and optimization of therapeutic strategies for patient subgroups with different clinical traits and disease stages.
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Dorostghol M, Gharibvand MM, Hanafi MG, Motamedfar A. Comparison of size of the liver between patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and healthy controls. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:425-430. [PMID: 38605772 PMCID: PMC11006049 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_94_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease across all age groups. Limited studies have been conducted to consider the relationship between NAFLD and liver size. This study aimed to compare the size of the liver between NAFLD patients and healthy controls. Methods This case-control study was conducted on NAFLD patients (n = 300), and healthy subjects (n = 300) referred to the Golestan Hospital of Ahvaz from April to August 2021. All individuals underwent ultrasonography examination, and liver size was measured in the midclavicular line. Fatty liver was divided into three grades, I (mild), II (moderate), and III (severe), according to the disease severity. Anthropometric parameters, including age, sex, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI), were recorded. Finally, the size of the liver and its relationship with NAFLD and anthropometric parameters was evaluated. Results Patients had significantly higher weight, and BMI mean values than controls (P < 0.001). In comparison to controls, NAFLD patients had considerably larger livers on average. (149.05 ± 12.60 mm vs. 134.51 ± 12.09; P < 0.001). There was a significant tendency for larger liver size in normal to severe fatty liver patients (P < 0.001). In patients with mild, moderate, and severe NAFLD, the mean liver size was 144.34 ± 11.35, 154.21 ± 10.84, and 158.63 ± 13.45 mm, respectively. The mean liver size in both groups was significantly higher in males than females (P < 0.05). Age (P = 0.037), sex (P < 0.001), height (P < 0.001), BMI (P = 0.008), and steatosis (P < 0.001) were independent variables for predicting the liver size. Conclusion The liver size of persons with fatty liver was substantially more considerable than healthy people. The size of the liver was substantially linked with sex, age, BMI, fatty liver, and hepatic steatosis grade. A straightforward way to predict fatty liver is to use ultrasonography to determine the size of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dorostghol
- Department of Radiology, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M. Gharibvand
- Department of Radiology, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad G. Hanafi
- Department of Radiology, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Azim Motamedfar
- Department of Radiology, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Zamanian H, Shalbaf A, Zali MR, Khalaj AR, Dehghan P, Tabesh M, Hatami B, Alizadehsani R, Tan RS, Acharya UR. Application of artificial intelligence techniques for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosis: A systematic review (2005-2023). COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 244:107932. [PMID: 38008040 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease with a rapidly growing incidence worldwide. For prognostication and therapeutic decisions, it is important to distinguish the pathological stages of NAFLD: steatosis, steatohepatitis, and liver fibrosis, which are definitively diagnosed on invasive biopsy. Non-invasive ultrasound (US) imaging, including US elastography technique, and clinical parameters can be used to diagnose and grade NAFLD and its complications. Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being harnessed for developing NAFLD diagnostic models based on clinical, biomarker, or imaging data. In this work, we systemically reviewed the literature for AI-enabled NAFLD diagnostic models based on US (including elastography) and clinical (including serological) data. METHODS We performed a comprehensive search on Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed search engines for articles published between January 2005 and June 2023 related to AI models for NAFLD diagnosis based on US and/or clinical parameters using the following search terms: "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease", "non-alcoholic steatohepatitis", "deep learning", "machine learning", "artificial intelligence", "ultrasound imaging", "sonography", "clinical information". RESULTS We reviewed 64 published models that used either US (including elastography) or clinical data input to detect the presence of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and/or fibrosis, and in some cases, the severity of steatosis, inflammation, and/or fibrosis as well. The performances of the published models were summarized, and stratified by data input and algorithms used, which could be broadly divided into machine and deep learning approaches. CONCLUSION AI models based on US imaging and clinical data can reliably detect NAFLD and its complications, thereby reducing diagnostic costs and the need for invasive liver biopsy. The models offer advantages of efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility, and serve as virtual assistants for specialists to accelerate disease diagnosis and reduce treatment costs for patients and healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zamanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Shalbaf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M R Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A R Khalaj
- Tehran obesity treatment center, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Dehghan
- Department of Radiology, Imaging Department, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Tabesh
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Hatami
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Alizadehsani
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Ru-San Tan
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia; Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Australia
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Farzaneh N, Stein EB, Soroushmehr R, Gryak J, Najarian K. A deep learning framework for automated detection and quantitative assessment of liver trauma. BMC Med Imaging 2022; 22:39. [PMID: 35260105 PMCID: PMC8905785 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-022-00759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both early detection and severity assessment of liver trauma are critical for optimal triage and management of trauma patients. Current trauma protocols utilize computed tomography (CT) assessment of injuries in a subjective and qualitative (v.s. quantitative) fashion, shortcomings which could both be addressed by automated computer-aided systems that are capable of generating real-time reproducible and quantitative information. This study outlines an end-to-end pipeline to calculate the percentage of the liver parenchyma disrupted by trauma, an important component of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) liver injury scale, the primary tool to assess liver trauma severity at CT. Methods This framework comprises deep convolutional neural networks that first generate initial masks of both liver parenchyma (including normal and affected liver) and regions affected by trauma using three dimensional contrast-enhanced CT scans. Next, during the post-processing step, human domain knowledge about the location and intensity distribution of liver trauma is integrated into the model to avoid false positive regions. After generating the liver parenchyma and trauma masks, the corresponding volumes are calculated. Liver parenchymal disruption is then computed as the volume of the liver parenchyma that is disrupted by trauma. Results The proposed model was trained and validated on an internal dataset from the University of Michigan Health System (UMHS) including 77 CT scans (34 with and 43 without liver parenchymal trauma). The Dice/recall/precision coefficients of the proposed segmentation models are 96.13/96.00/96.35% and 51.21/53.20/56.76%, respectively, in segmenting liver parenchyma and liver trauma regions. In volume-based severity analysis, the proposed model yields a linear regression relation of 0.95 in estimating the percentage of liver parenchyma disrupted by trauma. The model shows an accurate performance in avoiding false positives for patients without any liver parenchymal trauma. These results indicate that the model is generalizable on patients with pre-existing liver conditions, including fatty livers and congestive hepatopathy. Conclusion The proposed algorithms are able to accurately segment the liver and the regions affected by trauma. This pipeline demonstrates an accurate performance in estimating the percentage of liver parenchyma that is affected by trauma. Such a system can aid critical care medical personnel by providing a reproducible quantitative assessment of liver trauma as an alternative to the sometimes subjective AAST grading system that is used currently. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12880-022-00759-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Farzaneh
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Erica B Stein
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Reza Soroushmehr
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Michigan Institute for Data Science (MIDAS), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jonathan Gryak
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Michigan Institute for Data Science (MIDAS), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kayvan Najarian
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research & Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Michigan Institute for Data Science (MIDAS), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Panzarin C, Simino LADP, Mancini MCS, Ignácio-Souza LM, Milanski M, Torsoni MA, Torsoni AS. Hepatic microRNA modulation might be an early event to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development driven by high-fat diet in male mice. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2655-2666. [PMID: 35048271 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic alterations caused by an imbalance of macronutrient consumption are often related to the modulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), which could alter mRNAs expression profile and accelerate the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). AIMS This study aimed to investigate the contribution of miRNAs in modulating early stages of NAFLD in mice submitted to a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS AND RESULTS Male Swiss mice, fed either a control diet or an HFD for 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, 56 days, were assessed for metabolic alterations, gene expression and NAFLD markers. A hepatocyte cell line was used to investigate the effects of miR-370 modulation on enzymes involved in β-oxidation. Body weight and adiposity were higher after 7 days of HFD. Fasting glucose and insulin increased after 3 and 7 days of HFD, respectively. While hepatic lipid content increased from the first day on, hepatic glycogen had a decrease after 3 days of HFD consumption. miR-370 and Let-7 expression increased with acute and chronic exposure to HFD, accompanied by carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (Cpt1a), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase very long chain (Acadvl) and protein kinase AMP-activated Catalytic Subunit 2 (Prkaa2) downregulation, while decreased miR-122 expression was accompanied by 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase (Agpat) upregulation after 56 days of HFD consumption, some of them confirmed by in vitro experiments. Despite fluctuations in TNFa and IL6 mRNA levels, molecular modulation was consistent with hepatic TG and NAFLD development. CONCLUSION Hepatic miR-370-122-Let7 miRNA modulation could be the first insult to NAFLD development, preceding changes in glycemic homeostasis and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Panzarin
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 1300, Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Laís Angélica de Paula Simino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 1300, Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Mariana Camargo Silva Mancini
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 1300, Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Leticia Martins Ignácio-Souza
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 1300, Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Marciane Milanski
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 1300, Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Márcio Alberto Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 1300, Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Adriana Souza Torsoni
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, 1300, Pedro Zaccaria St, Limeira, São Paulo, 13484-350, Brazil.
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Abdel-Rahman R. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Epidemiology, pathophysiology and an update on the therapeutic approaches. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.338919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Tokoro M, Gotoh K, Kudo Y, Hirashita Y, Iwao M, Arakawa M, Endo M, Oribe J, Masaki T, Honda K, Kakuma T, Seike M, Murakami K, Shibata H. α-Tocopherol suppresses hepatic steatosis by increasing CPT-1 expression in a mouse model of diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Obes Sci Pract 2021; 7:91-99. [PMID: 33680496 PMCID: PMC7909598 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Antioxidant therapy for with vitamin E appears to be effective for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanism of action and optimal therapeutic dosage is unclear. The present study was undertaken to examine whether the effects of α‐tocopherol (α‐Toc) on NAFLD are dose‐dependent in a diet‐induced obese model. Methods Male mice were fed standard chow, high‐fat (HF) diet, HF diet with low‐dose, or with high dose of α‐Toc supplementation. Histological findings, triglyceride content, and the levels of protein expression related to fatty acid synthesis/oxidation such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT‐1) of liver were evaluated. In addition, 2‐tetradecylglycidic acid (TDGA), a CPT‐1 inhibitor, was administered to mice fed HF diet with low‐dose of α‐Toc. Finally, HepG2 cells in fat‐loaded environment were treated with 0–50 μM α‐Toc. Results Treatment of low‐dose of α‐Toc decreased HF‐induced hepatic fat accumulation, but this finding was not observed in treatment of high dose of α‐Toc. HF‐induced reduction of CPT‐1 was attenuated with low‐dose of α‐Toc but not with high dose of α‐Toc. TDGA suppressed the improvement of histological findings in liver induced by low‐dose of α‐Toc treatment. CPT‐1 expression in HepG2 cells increased in response to low‐dose of α‐Toc, but not in high dose. Conclusions Dual action of α‐Toc on CPT‐1 protein levels was observed. The effect of vitamin E on NAFLD may be not be dose‐dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Tokoro
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Koro Gotoh
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Yoko Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Yuka Hirashita
- Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Masao Iwao
- Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Mie Arakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Mizuki Endo
- Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Junya Oribe
- Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Takayuki Masaki
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Koichi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kakuma
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Masataka Seike
- Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Kazunari Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shibata
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan
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Köseoğlu D, Koparal SS, Özdemir Başer Ö, Berker D. Exenatide improves cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective study. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:167-174. [PMID: 32892547 PMCID: PMC7991851 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2004-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 6-month treatment regimen with exenatide on the lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), visceral adiposity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), all of which are important cardiovascular risk factors. Materials and methods This study included 45 obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Baseline clinical findings, laboratory parameters, and ultrasonography findings were recorded. An exenatide recipe was given twice daily to the patients and, after 6 months of therapy, the same variables were compared. The compared parameters were lipid profiles, hsCRP, aspartat aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, liver craniocaudal diameter, visceral fat volume, subcutaneous fat thickness, and CIMT. Liver diameter, visceral fat volume, subcutaneous fat thickness, and CIMT were measured by ultrasonography. Results After therapy, statistically significant improvements were achieved in lipid profile, hsCRP, liver enzymes, body mass index, and waist and hip circumferences. Also, statistically significant decreases were obtained in liver craniocaudal diameter, subcutaneous fat thickness, visceral fat volume, and CIMT. The reduction of CIMT and liver diameter were not correlated with BMI and HbA1c reduction. Conclusion This study showed improvement in lipid profile and hsCRP levels with exenatide treatment. We also showed decrease in both visceral fat volume and subcutaneous fat thickness. We demonstrated significant decrease in liver enzymes with significant decrease in liver diameter. These findings support the use of exenatide in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. Additionally, this study showed that exenatide treatment given twice daily reduces CIMT in obese T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Köseoğlu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Erol Olçok Education and Research Hospital, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Salih Süha Koparal
- Department of Radiology, Ankara City Hospital, Sağlık Bilimleri University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özden Özdemir Başer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yozgat State Hospital, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Dilek Berker
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara City Hospital, Sağlık Bilimleri University, Ankara, Turkey
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Ren Q, Liu XQ, Zhou XW, Zhou X, Fang G, Wang B, Wang YP, Peng DH, Li XT. Effects of Huatan Jiangzhuo decoction on diet-induced hyperlipidemia and gene expressions in rats. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:100-111. [PMID: 33641781 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Huatan Jiangzhuo decoction (HJD) is a combination of six traditional Chinese medicines that were used for lipid metabolism-related disorders, but its efficacy and underlying mechanisms have not been explored by modern research strategies. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic role of HJD in determining the transcriptome level. Hyperlipidemia model was established by feeding Sprague-Dawley rats with high-fat diet. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by high-through transcriptome sequencing, followed by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. The total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels in hyperlipidemia model rats were significantly increased, whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration decreased when compared to normal rats, and HJD significantly downregulated TC concentrations and liver coefficient in the hyperlipidemia rats. Histology staining showed that HDJ greatly recovered the lipid accumulation in rat hepatic stellate cells and aortic arch vascular wall thickness of hyperlipidemia rats. One thousand nine hundred and thirty-six DEGs were identified in the HJD-treated hyperlipidemia rats, which were associated with various biological processes and signaling pathways such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, AMP-activated Protein Kinase , and insulin signaling pathways. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction further confirmed the downregulated expression of cholesterol 7-α-hydroxylase(CYP7A1), liver orphan receptor(LXRα),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ),andSterol Response Element-Binding Protein 1c(SREBP1c) genes in hyperlipidemia rats treated with HJD. Our data first elucidated the gene expression profile of high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats after HJD treatment, and lipid metabolism-related genes (CYP7A1, LXRα, PPARγ, and SREBP1c) may be potentially biomarkers for HJD-alleviated hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ren
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ge Fang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dan-Hong Peng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xian-Tao Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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10
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Wong C, Lee MH, Yaow CYL, Chin YH, Goh XL, Ng CH, Lim AYL, Muthiah MD, Khoo CM. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:609110. [PMID: 33897616 PMCID: PMC8063104 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.609110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is highly prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Studies on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease have reported promising results. Despite this, there has been limited evidence of its efficacy in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This meta-analysis examined existing evidence on the efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for articles discussing the efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Values of standardized mean differences (SMD) and risk ratio (RR) were determined for continuous outcomes and dichotomous outcomes respectively. RESULTS 8 studies involving 1,454 patients from 5 randomized controlled trials and 3 cohort studies were included in the analysis. Our analysis found significant improvements in hepatic fat content, liver biochemistry, body composition, glucose parameters, lipid parameters, insulin sensitivity and inflammatory markers following glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists significantly decreased hepatic fat content compared to metformin and insulin-based therapies. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists also improved fibrosis markers, but this did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION With a high prevalence of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment shows promise in improving both diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Wong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Hui Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clyve Yu Leon Yaow
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yip Han Chin
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Lei Goh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amanda Yuan Ling Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Dhinesh Muthiah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Chin Meng Khoo,
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11
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Nowrouzi-Sohrabi P, Rezaei S, Jalali M, Ashourpour M, Ahmadipour A, Keshavarz P, Akbari H. The effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on glycemic control and anthropometric profiles among diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 893:173823. [PMID: 33352183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to assess the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), mainly liraglutide and exenatide, on glycemic control and anthropometric profiles to see if they are effective in treating patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and Cochrane Library databases to identify all the randomized clinical trials (RCTs) up to August 23, 2020. Heterogeneity of the included studies was evaluated using Cochrane's Q test and the I2 statistic. Moreover, a random-effects model was used to pool the weighted mean differences (WMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Nine articles (12 studies) comprising a total of 780 participants aged 40-56 were finally selected. GLP-1RAs intake significantly reduced body mass index (BMI) (WMD -1.57, 95%CI; -2.74, -0.39), waist-circumference (WC) (WMD -4.14, 95%CI; -7.09, -1.19), body weight (WMD -4.20, 95%CI; -8.15, -0.25) among the body mass indices. Additionally, GLP-1RAs leads to lower postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) levels (WMD -25.73 mg/dl, 95%CI; -32.71, -18.75). We also found that GLP-1RAs intake has no significant effect on the waist-hip ratio (WHR) (WMD -0.01, 95%CI; -0.03, 0.02), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (WMD -2.12 mg/dl, 95%CI; -6.23, 1.96), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (WMD -0.08%, 95%CI; -0.21, 0.04), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels (WMD -0.31, 95%CI; -0.69, 0.07). GLP-1RAs therapy showed a greater reduction in BMI, body weight, WC, and PPG, but not in WHR, HOMA-IR, FBG, and HbA1c compared with other therapies in patients with T2DM and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Nowrouzi-Sohrabi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahla Rezaei
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalali
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahkameh Ashourpour
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran; Emam Reza Teaching Hospital, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadipour
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Pedram Keshavarz
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Radiology, Tbilisi State Medical University (TUMS), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Hamed Akbari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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12
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Rajcic D, Brandt A, Jin CJ, Sánchez V, Engstler AJ, Jung F, Nier A, Baumann A, Bergheim I. Exchanging dietary fat source with extra virgin olive oil does not prevent progression of diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237946. [PMID: 32881925 PMCID: PMC7470337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fat is discussed to be critical in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Here, we assess the effect of exchanging dietary fat source from butterfat to extra virgin olive oil on the progression of an already existing diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a liquid butterfat-, fructose- and cholesterol-rich diet (BFC, 25E% from butterfat) or control diet (C, 12%E from soybean oil) for 13 weeks. In week 9, fat sources of some BFC- and C-fed mice were switched either to 25E% or 12E% olive oil (OFC and CO). Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed, and markers of liver damage and glucose metabolism were assessed. After 6 weeks of feeding, BFC-fed mice had developed marked signs of insulin resistance, which progressed to week 12 being not affected by the exchange of fat sources. Liver damage was similar between BFC- and OFC-fed mice. Markers of lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation in liver and of insulin signaling in liver and muscle were also similarly altered in BFC- and OFC-fed mice. Taken together, our data suggest that exchanging butterfat with extra virgin olive oil has no effect on the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and glucose tolerance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cheng Jun Jin
- Institute of Nutrition, SD Model Systems of Molecular Nutrition, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Victor Sánchez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Janina Engstler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Finn Jung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Hepatic lipid metabolism in adult rats using early weaning models: sex-related differences. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 11:499-508. [PMID: 32519629 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-pharmacological early weaning (NPEW) induces liver damage in male progeny at adulthood; however, pharmacological early weaning (PEW) does not cause this dysfunction. To elucidate this difference in liver dysfunction between these two models and determine the phenotype of female offspring, de novo lipogenesis, β-oxidation, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) export, and gluconeogenesis in both sexes were investigated in the adult Wistar rats that were weaned after a normal period of lactation (control group) or early weaned either by restriction of access to the dams' teats (NPEW group) or by reduction of dams' milk production with bromocriptine (PEW group). The offspring received standard diet from weaning to euthanasia (PN180). NPEW males had higher plasma triglycerides and TyG index, liver triglycerides, and cholesterol by de novo lipogenesis, which leads to intracellular lipids accumulation. As expected, hepatic morphology was preserved in PEW males, but they showed increased liver triglycerides. The only molecular difference between PEW and NPEW males was in acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC-1) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), which were lower in PEW animals. Both early weaning (EW) females had no changes in liver cholesterol and triglyceride contents, and the hepatic cytoarchitecture was preserved. The expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein was increased in both the female EW groups, which could constitute a protective factor. The changes in hepatic lipid metabolism in EW offspring were less marked in females. EW impacted in the hepatic cytoarchitecture only in NPEW males, which showed higher ACC-1 and SCD-1 when compared to the PEW group. As these enzymes are lipogenic, it could explain a worsened liver function in NPEW males.
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Rotondo C, Corrado A, Mansueto N, Cici D, Corsi F, Pennella A, Paolo Cantatore F. Pfeifer-Weber-Christian Disease: A Case Report and Review of Literature on Visceral Involvements and Treatment Choices. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CASE REPORTS 2020; 13:1179547620917958. [PMID: 32528225 PMCID: PMC7263116 DOI: 10.1177/1179547620917958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Pfeifer-Weber-Christian disease (PWCD) is a rare idiopathic disease characterized by lobular panniculitis of adipose tissue with systemic symptoms and multiple organ involvement. Even though the systemic involvement is rare, it is life-threatening and represent a treatment challenge for the clinicians. We report a case of PWCD characterized by hepatic, hematologic, and renal involvement, with good response to mofetil mycophenolate and prednisone treatment. A 47-year-old female presented several months’ history of painful subcutaneous nodules, fever and lymphadenopathy with recent appearing of microcytic hypochromic anemia, leucopenia with neutropenia, and increase in transaminase. Skin biopsy showed lobular panniculitis with lymph-histiocytic and neutrophilic infiltrates with necrosis of adipocytes. A combination therapy of corticosteroid with mofetil mycophenolate was effective. Moreover, we discuss the clinical manifestation and the therapeutic choices in PWCD, from classical immunosuppressive drugs to new biotechnological agents, and we provide a comprehensive review of the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Rotondo
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Addolorata Corrado
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Natalia Mansueto
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Cici
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Corsi
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Pennella
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Abdelbasset WK, Elsayed SH, Nambi G, Alrawaili SM, Elnegamy TE, Khalil MA, Tantawy SA, Soliman GS, Ibrahim AA, Kamel DM. Effect of Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Hepatic Fat Content and Visceral Lipids in Hepatic Patients with Diabesity: A Single-Blinded Randomised Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:1923575. [PMID: 32351591 PMCID: PMC7171632 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1923575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited studies have assessed the effect of moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise on hepatic fat content and visceral lipids in hepatic patients with diabesity. This study was designed to evaluate hepatic fat content and visceral lipids following moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise in hepatic patients with diabesity. DESIGN A single-blinded randomised controlled trial. METHODS Thirty-one diabetic obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were recruited into this study. The patients were randomly classified into exercise and control groups, fifteen patients in the exercise group and sixteen patients in the control group. The exercise group received an 8-week moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise program with standard medical treatment, while the control group received standard medical treatment without any exercise program. Hepatic fat content and visceral lipids were assessed before and after intervention at the end of the study. RESULTS Baseline and clinical characteristics showed a nonsignificant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). At the end of the intervention, the aerobic exercise showed significant improvements (serum triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), p ≤ 0.002, total cholesterol, p=0.004, visceral fats, p=0.016, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), p=0.022, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), p=0.038, alanine transaminases (AL), p=0.044, intrahepatic triglyceride and HOMA-IR, p=0.046, and body mass index (BMI), p=0.047), while the control group showed a nonsignificant difference (p > 0.05). The postintervention analysis showed significant differences in favor of the aerobic exercise group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise reduces the hepatic fat content and visceral lipids in hepatic patients with diabesity. Recommendations should be prescribed for encouraging moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training, particularly hepatic patients with diabesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shereen H. Elsayed
- Rehabilitation Sciences Department, Faculty of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorders and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gopal Nambi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud M. Alrawaili
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamer E. Elnegamy
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona A. Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sayed A. Tantawy
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Ahlia University, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Centre of Radiation, Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gaber S. Soliman
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Ibrahim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Hail University, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia M. Kamel
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Ahlia University, Manama, Bahrain
- Department of Physiotherapy for Women's Health, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Oral Supplementation of Sodium Butyrate Attenuates the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040951. [PMID: 32235497 PMCID: PMC7231312 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium butyrate (SoB) supplementation has been suggested to attenuate the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we determined the therapeutic potential of SoB on NAFLD progression and molecular mechanism involved. Eight-week old C57BL/6J mice were pair-fed a fat-, fructose- and cholesterol-rich diet (FFC) or control diet (C). After 8 weeks, some mice received 0.6g SoB/kg bw in their respective diets (C+SoB; FFC+SoB) or were maintained on C or FFC for the next 5 weeks of feeding. Liver damage, markers of glucose metabolism, inflammation, intestinal barrier function and melatonin metabolism were determined. FFC-fed mice progressed from simple steatosis to early non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, along with significantly higher TNFα and IL-6 protein levels in the liver and impaired glucose tolerance. In FFC+SoB-fed mice, disease was limited to steatosis associated with protection against the induction of Tlr4 mRNA and iNOS protein levels in livers. SoB supplementation had no effect on FFC-induced loss of tight junction proteins in the small intestine but was associated with protection against alterations in melatonin synthesis and receptor expression in the small intestine and livers of FFC-fed animals. Our results suggest that the oral supplementation of SoB may attenuate the progression of simple steatosis to steatohepatitis.
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Abdelbasset WK, Tantawy SA, Kamel DM, Alqahtani BA, Elnegamy TE, Soliman GS, Ibrahim AA. Effects of high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise on diabetic obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A comparative randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19471. [PMID: 32150108 PMCID: PMC7478706 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies assessed the effect of aerobic exercise on diabetic obese patients with hepatic disease, while very limited studies compared high-intensity interval (HII) versus moderate-intensity continuous (MIC) on diabetic obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). OBJECTIVES This study was designed to assess the effects of HII versus MIC on intrahepatic triglycerides (IHTG) and visceral lipids in diabetic obese patients with NAFLD. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. METHODS Forty-seven diabetic obese individuals with NAFLD were enrolled in this study. The individuals were randomly divided into 16 in HII group, 15 in MIC group, and 16 in the controls. HII group received HII exercise, MIC group received 8-week MIC exercise while the control group did not receive any exercise intervention. IHTG and visceral lipids were assessed pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS Baseline and clinical characteristics showed nonsignificant difference among the 3 groups (P > .05). Both HII and MIC groups showed a significant reduction in hepatic fat and visceral lipids (P < .05), while the controls showed nonsignificant difference (P > .05) after completing the study intervention. Postintervention analysis showed nonsignificant changes between the HII and MIC groups (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Exercise training wither HII or MIC aerobic exercise reduces IHGT and visceral lipids in diabetic obese patients with NAFLD. No differences were observed between the effects of both exercise programs on diabetic obese patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sayed A. Tantawy
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Ahlia University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Centre of Radiation, Oncology and Nuclear Medicine
| | - Dalia M. Kamel
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Ahlia University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
- Department of Physiotherapy for Women's Health
| | - Bader A. Alqahtani
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamer E. Elnegamy
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber S. Soliman
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Qurayyat, Jouf University
| | - Ahmed A. Ibrahim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Hail University, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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Valodara AM, SR KJ. Sexual Dimorphism in Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:1154-1166. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191021094906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background:Sex and gender-based differences are observed well beyond the sex organs and affect several physiological and biochemical processes involved in the metabolism of drug molecules. It is essential to understand not only the sex and gender-based differences in the metabolism of the drug but also the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of drug metabolism for avoiding sex-related adverse effects of drugs in the human.Method:The articles on the sex and gender-based differences in the metabolism of drug molecules were retrieved from the Pub Med database. The articles were classified into the metabolism of the drug molecule, gene expression regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes, the effect of sex hormones on the metabolism of drug, expression of drugmetabolizing enzymes, etc.Result:Several drug molecules are known, which are metabolized differently in males and females. These differences in metabolism may be due to the genomic and non-genomic action of sex hormones. Several other drug molecules still require further evaluation at the molecular level regarding the sex and gender-based differences in their metabolism. Attention is also required at the effect of signaling cascades associated with the metabolism of drug molecules.Conclusion:Sex and gender-based differences in the metabolism of drugs exist at various levels and it may be due to the genomic and non-genomic action of sex hormones. Detailed understanding of the effect of sex and related condition on the metabolism of drug molecules will help clinicians to determine the effective therapeutic doses of drugs dependingon the condition of patient and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Askhi M. Valodara
- Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology and Human Genetics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Kaid Johar SR
- Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology and Human Genetics, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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Derakhshandeh-Rishehri SM, Heidari-Beni M, Eftekhari MH. THE EFFECTS OF REALSIL (SILYBIN-PHOSPHOLIPID-VITAMIN E COMPLEX) ON LIVER ENZYMES IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) OR NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATO-HEPATITIS (NASH): A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RCTS. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2020; 16:223-231. [PMID: 33029240 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2020.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to systematically review the effects of Realsil (silybin-phospholipid-vitamin E complex) on liver enzymes in patients with NAFLD or NASH. Methods We searched Web of Science, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, ProQuest, Scopus, and 1868 articles were found up to December 2018. Four studies that examined the effect of Realsil intake on liver enzymes among NAFLD or NASH patients were included. Exclusion criteria include: animal studies, studies with the design other than clinical trials, studies on non-adult individuals, studies that assess the effect of vitamin E, silybin, or phospholipid solely, studies that examined the effect of Realsil on other outcomes, or studies with insufficient data. Results The analysis demonstrated that Realsil intake led to a significant decrease in Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT) levels (standardized mean difference (SMD) =-0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI]): -0.68 to -0.06). Realsil intake non-significantly decrease alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (SMD=-1.02 U/L; 95% CI: -2.23 to 0.20) and non-significantly increase aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (SMD = 0.17 U/L; 95% CI: -0.26-0.61). Conclusion Realsil intake was associated with a significantly decreased circulating GGT level without any significant effect on AST and ALT levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Heidari-Beni
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M H Eftekhari
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Huang L, Ding W, Wang MQ, Wang ZG, Chen HH, Chen W, Yang Q, Lu TN, Yang Q, He JM. Tanshinone IIA ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and toll-like receptor 4. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:5239-5255. [PMID: 31378113 PMCID: PMC6833399 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519859750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the cellular mechanisms of action of tanshinone IIA on the fatty liver disease induced by a high-fat diet in an animal model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into one of three groups: regular rat diet (CON group) for 4 months; high-fat diet (HFD group) for 4 months; HFD for 2 months followed by tanshinone IIA treatment plus HFD (TAN group) for a further 2 months. A range of physical and biochemical markers of lipid accumulation and fatty liver disease were measured and compared between the groups. Results Tanshinone IIA treatment significantly reduced fat accumulation in the liver and plasma lipid levels that had been increased by HFD. The toll-like receptor (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway was silenced by tanshinone IIA treatment. Tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were reduced by tanshinone IIA. Hepatocyte apoptosis was inhibited by tanshinone IIA. Tanshinone IIA upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), which resulted in an improvement in the oxidative status. Conclusion Tanshinone IIA ameliorates NAFLD by targeting PPAR-γ and TLR4, resulting in decreased plasma lipids and oxidative stress, suggesting this strategy may form the basis of novel NAFLD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Wang
- Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zheng-Gen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hong-Hui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ting-Na Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ji-Man He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Liver Research Center, Brown University, Providence, USA
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Hajighasem A, Farzanegi P, Mazaheri Z. Effects of combined therapy with resveratrol, continuous and interval exercises on apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers in the liver of old rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:142-149. [PMID: 29463133 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1441872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder. OBJECTIVE Effects of combined therapy with resveratrol, interval and continuous exercises on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the liver of rats with NAFLD. METHODS NAFLD rats were organised in patient, saline, resveratrol (RSV), continuous exercise, interval exercise, continuous exercise + RSV, and interval exercise + RSV groups. RESULTS Resveratrol supplementation alone or in combination with interval and continuous training significantly decreased malondialdehyde and TNF-α level (p < .05), while the levels of catalase; superoxide dismutase and IL-10 were significantly increased (p < .05). Although RSV alone significantly decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells (17.12%), its combination with interval (10.74%), and continuous (14.85%) exercise training demonstrated higher anti-apoptotic activity (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Although resveratrol alone has an antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, combined therapy with interval, and continuous training can be more effective to mitigate these abnormalities in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hajighasem
- a Department of Exercise Physiology, Sari Branch , Islamic Azad University , Sari , Iran
| | - Parvin Farzanegi
- a Department of Exercise Physiology, Sari Branch , Islamic Azad University , Sari , Iran
| | - Zohreh Mazaheri
- b Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
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Hu SJ, Jiang SS, Zhang J, Luo D, Yu B, Yang LY, Zhong HH, Yang MW, Liu LY, Hong FF, Yang SL. Effects of apoptosis on liver aging. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:691-704. [PMID: 30968034 PMCID: PMC6448073 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i6.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As an irreversible and perennial process, aging is accompanied by functional and morphological declines in organs. Generally, aging liver exhibits a decline in volume and hepatic blood flow. Even with a preeminent regenerative capacity to restore its functions after liver cell loss, its biosynthesis and metabolism abilities decline, and these are difficult to restore to previous standards. Apoptosis is a programmed death process via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, in which Bcl-2 family proteins and apoptosis-related genes, such as p21 and p53, are involved. Apoptosis inflicts both favorable and adverse influences on liver aging. Apoptosis eliminates transformed abnormal cells but promotes age-related liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. We summarize the roles of apoptosis in liver aging and age-related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jie Hu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Sha-Sha Jiang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Liang-Yan Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hua-Hua Zhong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Mei-Wen Yang
- Department of Nurse, Nanchang University Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Li-Yu Liu
- Department of Nurse, Nanchang University Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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Abdelbasset WK, Tantawy SA, Kamel DM, Alqahtani BA, Soliman GS. A randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of 8-week high-intensity interval exercise on intrahepatic triglycerides, visceral lipids, and health-related quality of life in diabetic obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14918. [PMID: 30896648 PMCID: PMC6708753 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medications are limited for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It has been reported that aerobic exercise is effective in reducing the characteristics of NAFLD, although unclear data have ascertained the effects of high-intensity interval aerobic exercise on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in diabetic obese patients with NAFLD. OBJECTIVES This a randomized controlled trial aimed to ascertain the effectiveness of 8-week high-intensity interval exercise on intrahepatic triglycerides (IHTG), visceral lipids and HRQoL in diabetic obese patients with NAFLD. STUDY DESIGN Between August and December 2017, 32 diabetic obese patients with NAFLD aged 45 to 60 years (21 men and 11 women) were enrolled in this study. They were randomly assigned to 2 groups, 16 patients in each group, high-intensity interval (HII) exercise and control groups. The HII group received a program of HII aerobic exercise for 8 weeks with medications of NAFLD and the control group received only medications without any type of exercise intervention. The test of IHTG, visceral lipids, and HRQoL were recorded at the initial assessment and at the end of the program after 8 weeks. RESULTS There were significant differences between the 2 groups at the end of the study. These study findings exhibited significant improvements in IHTG, VO2peak, visceral lipids, glycohemoglobin, plasma glucose, and all dimensions of HRQoL in the HII group (P <.05), But there was non-significant improvement in any measure in the control group (P >.05) after the 8-week intervention. CONCLUSION Eight-week high-intensity interval aerobic exercise has a beneficial effect on IHTG, visceral lipids, and HRQoL in diabetic obese patients with NAFLD. Effort and awareness should be dedicated to encouraging the active lifestyle among different population, especially diabetic obese patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sayed A. Tantawy
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Ahlia University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Centre of Radiation, Oncology and Nuclear Medicine
| | - Dalia M. Kamel
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Ahlia University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
- Department of Physiotherapy for Women's Health, Faculty of Physical Therapy
| | - Bader A. Alqahtani
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber S. Soliman
- Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Qurayyat, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
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Yu JH, Lee JW. How does hepatic steatosis affect the outcome of patients with chronic hepatitis B? Clin Mol Hepatol 2019; 25:280-282. [PMID: 30661335 PMCID: PMC6759432 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2018.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Gegen Qinlian Decoction Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Steatohepatitis in Rats via Gut Microbiota. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7370891. [PMID: 30671129 PMCID: PMC6323455 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7370891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota play an important role in modulating energy contribution, metabolism, and inflammation, and disruption of the microbiome population is closely associated with chronic metabolic diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Gegen Qinlian decoction (GGQLD), a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), was previously found to regulate lipid metabolism and attenuate inflammation during NAFLD pathogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism of this process, as well as how the gut microbiome is involved, remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of varying doses of GGQLD on the total amount and distribution of gut bacteria in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. Our analysis indicates that Oscillibacter and Ruminococcaceae_g_unclassified are the dominant families in the HFD group. Further, HFD-dependent differences at the phylum, class, and genus levels appear to lead to dysbiosis, characterized by an increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and a dramatic increase in the Oscillibacter genus compared to the control group. Treatment with GGQLD, especially the GGQLL dose, improved these HFD-induced changes in intestinal flora, leading to increased levels of Firmicutes, Clostridia, Lactobacillus, bacilli, and Erysipelotrichales that were similar to the controls. Taken together, our data highlight the efficacy of GGQLD in treating NAFLD and support its clinical use as a treatment for NAFLD/NASH patients.
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Doxazosin and Carvedilol Treatment Improves Hepatic Regeneration in a Hamster Model of Cirrhosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4706976. [PMID: 30643808 PMCID: PMC6311259 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4706976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of the mechanisms of fibrosis is an important goal in the treatment of liver cirrhosis. One mechanism is the participation of hepatic stellate cells in fibrogenesis when activated by catecholamines. Consequently, α/β adrenoblockers are proposed as an alternative treatment for chronic liver lesions such as fibrosis and/or cirrhosis and for possible liver regeneration. We herein analyzed the effect of doxazosin and carvedilol treatments during the regeneration of tissue in a hamster model of liver cirrhosis. Tissue samples were examined by H&E and PAS to evaluate tissue damage and with Sirius red to assess collagen fiber content. ALT, AST, albumin, and total proteins were examined by spectrophotometry. Determination of the levels of α-SMA and TGF-β in hepatic tissue was examined by Western blot and of the expression of TIMP-2, MMP-13, α-FP, HGF, CK-7, and c-Myc was examined by qPCR. Treatment with doxazosin or carvedilol prompted histological recovery and reduced collagen fibers in the livers of cirrhotic hamsters. The expression of TIMP-2 decreased and that of MMP-13 increases in animals treated with adrenoblockers with respect to the group with cirrhosis. Additionally, the concentration of α-SMA and TGF-β declined with both drugs with respect to placebo p<0.05. On the other hand, each drug treatment led to a distinct scenario for cell proliferation markers. Whereas doxazosin produced no irregularities in α-FP, Ki-67, and c-Myc expression, carvedilol induced an increment in the expression of these markers with respect to the intact. Hence, doxazosin and carvedilol are potential treatments for the regression of hepatic cirrhosis in hamsters in relation to the decrease of collagen in the hepatic parenchyma. However, at regeneration level we observed that doxazosin caused slight morphological changes in hepatocytes, such as its balonization without affecting the hepatic function, and on the other hand, carvedilol elicited a slight irregular expression of cell proliferation markers.
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Filip R, Radzki RP, Bieńko M. Novel insights into the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and osteoporosis. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:1879-1891. [PMID: 30323574 PMCID: PMC6174895 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s170533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess fat deposition and insulin resistance are considered the main risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and therefore, not surprisingly, the global prevalence of NAFLD increases in parallel with both obesity and type 2 diabetes. Although deterioration of bone homeostasis in patients with NAFLD is commonly observed, its etiology has not been fully elucidated yet. It was shown in several studies that bone tissue seems to be independently associated with NAFLD. A mechanistic perspective puts the liver at the center of mutual interdependencies obviously involving adipose tissue and muscles and also the bone matrix and bone cells, which are relatively novel. In this review, various pathophysiological mechanisms and possible mediating molecules that may interplay between NAFLD and bone tissue are described. Chronic inflammation, vitamin D3, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1, osteopontin, fetuin-A, irisin, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin from osteoblasts have been proposed as mediators of mutual interactions among the skeleton, fatty tissue, and liver. Although to date there are still many issues that have not been elucidated, growing evidence suggests that screening and surveillance of bone mineral density in patients with NAFLD should be considered in future strategies and guidelines for NAFLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Filip
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD Unit, Clinical Hospital 2, Rzeszów, Poland,
- University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland,
| | - Radosław P Radzki
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Bieńko
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
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Wang T, Yao W, Shao Y, Zheng R, Huang F. PCAF fine-tunes hepatic metabolic syndrome, inflammatory disease, and cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5787-5800. [PMID: 30216660 PMCID: PMC6237576 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The P300/CBP‐associating factor (PCAF), a histone acetyltransferase, is involved in metabolic and pathogenic diseases, particularly of the liver. The effects of PCAF on fine‐tuning liver diseases are extremely complex and vary according to different pathological conditions. This enzyme has dichotomous functions, depending on differently modified sites, which regulate the activities of various enzymes, metabolic functions, and gene expression. Here, we summarize the most recent findings on the functions and targets of PCAF in various metabolic and immunological processes in the liver and review these new discoveries and models of PCAF biology in three areas: hepatic metabolic syndrome, inflammatory disease, and cancer. Finally, we discuss the potential implications of these findings for therapeutic interventions in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxin Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weilei Yao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafei Shao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruilong Zheng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feiruo Huang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Silva AKS, Peixoto CA. Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease inflammation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2951-2961. [PMID: 29789866 PMCID: PMC11105365 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have been identified as the most important risk factors for many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and lipid disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The metabolic changes associated with obesity are grouped to define metabolic syndrome, which is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. NAFLD is considered to be the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is one of the most prevalent liver diseases worldwide. Inflammation plays an important role in the development of numerous liver diseases, contributing to the progression to more severe stages, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are binder-activated nuclear receptors that are involved in the transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolism, energy balance, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Three isotypes are known: PPAR-α, PPARδ/β and PPAR-γ. These isotypes play different roles in diverse tissues and cells, including the inflammatory process. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on the role PPARs in the hepatic inflammatory process involved in NAFLD as well as new pharmacological strategies that target PPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Karolina Soares Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
- Biological Sciences of the Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.
- Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Iravani F, Hosseini N, Mojarrad M. Role of MicroRNAs in Pathophysiology of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Middle East J Dig Dis 2018; 10:213-219. [PMID: 31049168 PMCID: PMC6488503 DOI: 10.15171/mejdd.2018.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder worldwide. It
includes wide range of diseases from different subtypes of simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
(NASH), which may be complicated by liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma.
Of the epigenetic factors that play a key role in the progression of it, is microRNAs (miRNAs).
MiRNAs are short non-coding RNAs of 22-23 nucleotides in length, which regulate a large
number of genes that have a critical role in regulation of lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis in
hepatocytes. MiRNAs can be used as a very powerful biomarker to diagnosis and follow-up any
disorder, such as NAFLD and NASH with a high specificity and sensitivity. The aim of this study
was to review the role of different miRNAs in the pathophysiology of NASH and NAFLD
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Iravani
- MSc of human genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Hosseini
- MSc of Molecular and Cellular biology, Medical Genetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Assistant Professor of Medical Genetics, Medical Genetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Assessing the Non-tumorous Liver: Implications for Patient Management and Surgical Therapy. J Gastrointest Surg 2018; 22:344-360. [PMID: 28924922 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-017-3562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatic resection is performed for various benign and malignant liver tumors. Over the last several decades, there have been improvements in the surgical technique and postoperative care of patients undergoing liver surgery. Despite this, liver failure following an extended hepatic resection remains a critical potential postoperative complication. Patients with underlying parenchymal liver diseases are at particular risk of liver failure due to impaired liver regeneration with an associated mortality risk as high as 60 to 90%. In addition, live donor liver transplantation requires a thorough presurgical assessment of the donor liver to minimize the risk of postoperative complications. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Recently, cross-sectional imaging assessment of diffuse liver diseases has gained momentum due to its ability to provide both anatomical and functional assessments of normal and abnormal tissues. Various imaging techniques are being employed to assess diffuse liver diseases including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound (US). MRI has the ability to detect abnormal intracellular and molecular processes and tissue architecture. CT has a high spatial resolution, while US provides real-time imaging, is inexpensive, and readily available. We herein review current state-of-the-art techniques to assess the underlying non-tumorous liver. Specifically, we summarize current approaches to evaluating diffuse liver diseases including fatty liver alcoholic or non-alcoholic (NAFLD, AFLD), hepatic fibrosis (HF), and iron deposition (ID) with a focus on advanced imaging techniques for non-invasive assessment along with their implications for patient management. In addition, the role of and techniques to assess hepatic volume in hepatic surgery are discussed.
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Ricchi P, Meloni A, Spasiano A, Costantini S, Pepe A, Cinque P, Filosa A. The impact of liver steatosis on the ability of serum ferritin levels to be predictive of liver iron concentration in non-transfusion-dependent thalassaemia patients. Br J Haematol 2018; 180:721-726. [PMID: 29363758 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study analysed the impact of liver steatosis (LS) on the parameters of iron overload in 110 patients with non-transfusion dependent thalassaemia (NTDT). LS was diagnosed by ultrasound. Liver iron concentration (LIC) measurements were available for 64 patients who underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. LS was frequent (35·5%) and was significantly more prevalent in males than in females (49·0% vs. 24·6%, P = 0·008). Patients with LS had significant higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ALT/AST ratio and ferritin than those without, but LIC values were comparable. An ALT/AST ratio >0·89 predicted the presence of LS with a sensitivity of 0·872 and a specificity of 0·901 (P < 0·0001). Ferritin levels correlated with LIC values (R = 0·558, P < 0·0001) but the correlation was stronger in patients without LS (R = 0·656, P < 0·0001) than in patients with LS (R = 0·426, P = 0·05). LS is a frequent issue in NTDT patients and should be suspected in the presence of an ALT/AST ratio >0·89. Recently, serum ferritin thresholds that predict clinically relevant LIC for guiding iron chelation therapy when MRI is unavailable have been determined. Our data show that LS may cause increase in ferritin levels and may be responsible for anticipating/exceeding chelation treatment in NTDT patients in the absence of LIC evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ricchi
- Rare Red Blood Cells Diseases Unit, AORN A. Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Meloni
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit, Fondazione G. Monasterio, CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Spasiano
- Rare Red Blood Cells Diseases Unit, AORN A. Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Costantini
- Rare Red Blood Cells Diseases Unit, AORN A. Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Pepe
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit, Fondazione G. Monasterio, CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Cinque
- Rare Red Blood Cells Diseases Unit, AORN A. Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Filosa
- Rare Red Blood Cells Diseases Unit, AORN A. Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
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Validation of goose liver fat measurement by QCT and CSE-MRI with biochemical extraction and pathology as reference. Eur Radiol 2017; 28:2003-2012. [PMID: 29238866 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-5189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to validate the accuracy and reliability of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and chemical shift encoded magnetic resonance imaging (CSE-MRI) to assess hepatic steatosis. METHODS Twenty-two geese with a wide range of hepatic steatosis were collected. After QCT and CSE-MRI examinations, the liver of each goose was removed and samples were taken from the left lobe, upper and lower half of the right lobe for biochemical measurement and histology. Fat percentages by QCT and proton density fat fraction by MRI (MRI-PDFF) were measured within the sample regions of biochemical measurement and histology. The accuracy of QCT and MR measurements were assessed through Spearman correlation coefficients (r) and Passing and Bablok regression equations using biochemical measurement as the "gold standard". RESULTS Both QCT and MRI correlated highly with chemical extraction [r = 0.922 (p < 0.001) and r = 0.949 (p < 0.001) respectively]. Chemically extracted triglyceride was accurately predicted by both QCT liver fat percentages (Y = 0.6 + 0.866 × X) and by MRI-PDFF (Y = -1.8 + 0.773 × X). CONCLUSIONS QCT and CSE-MRI measurements of goose liver fat were accurate and reliable compared with biochemical measurement. KEY POINTS • QCT and CSE-MRI can measure liver fat content accurately and reliably • Histological grading of hepatic steatosis has larger sampling variability • QCT and CSE-MRI have potential in the clinical setting.
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Li J, Sasaki GY, Dey P, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Labyk AN, McDonald JD, Kim JB, Bruno RS. Green tea extract protects against hepatic NFκB activation along the gut-liver axis in diet-induced obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by reducing endotoxin and TLR4/MyD88 signaling. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 53:58-65. [PMID: 29190550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Green tea extract (GTE) reduces NFκB-mediated inflammation during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We hypothesized that its anti-inflammatory activities would be mediated in a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent manner. Wild-type (WT) and loss-of-function TLR4-mutant (TLR4m) mice were fed a high-fat diet containing GTE at 0 or 2% for 8 weeks before assessing NASH, NFκB-mediated inflammation, TLR4 and its adaptor proteins MyD88 and TRIF, circulating endotoxin, and intestinal tight junction protein mRNA expression. TLR4m mice had lower (P<.05) body mass compared with WT mice but similar adiposity, whereas body mass and adiposity were lowered by GTE regardless of genotype. Liver steatosis, serum alanine aminotransferase, and hepatic lipid peroxidation were also lowered by GTE in WT mice, and were similarly lowered in TLR4m mice regardless of GTE. Phosphorylation of the NFκB p65 subunit and pro-inflammatory genes (TNFα, iNOS, MCP-1, MPO) were lowered by GTE in WT mice, and did not differ from the lowered levels in TLR4m mice regardless of GTE. TLR4m mice had lower TLR4 mRNA, which was also lowered by GTE in both genotypes. TRIF expression was unaffected by genotype and GTE, whereas MyD88 was lower in mice fed GTE regardless of genotype. Serum endotoxin was similarly lowered by GTE regardless of genotype. Tight junction protein mRNA levels were unaffected by genotype. However, GTE similarly increased claudin-1 mRNA in the duodenum and jejunum and mRNA levels of occludin and zonula occluden-1 in the jejunum and ileum. Thus, GTE protects against inflammation during NASH, likely by limiting gut-derived endotoxin translocation and TLR4/MyD88/NFκB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Li
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Geoffrey Y Sasaki
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Allison N Labyk
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joshua D McDonald
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joshua B Kim
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Ikewuchi CC, Ikewuchi JC, Ifeanacho MO. Restoration of plasma markers of liver and kidney functions/integrity in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits by aqueous extract of Pleurotus tuberregium sclerotia. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1809-1814. [PMID: 28968925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of aqueous extract of the sclerotia of Pleurotus tuberregium on the plasma electrolytes, and markers of liver and kidney functions/integrity of normal and alloxan-induced rabbits was investigated. Diabetes mellitus was induced by injection of alloxan (120mg/kg body weight), via the marginal ear vein. The extract was administered orally at 100, 200 and 300mg/kg (both to normal and diabetic rabbits), and metformin at 50mg/kg. Gas chromatographic-flame ionization detector analysis of the extract revealed the presence of twelve known phenolic acids, consisting mainly of caffeic acid (80.24%), chlorogenic acid (11.08%), piperic acid (6.11%), sinapinic acid (2.14%) and ferulic acid (0.34%). Compared to test control, the treatment significantly (p<0.05) lowered plasma activities of alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, and alanine and aspartate transaminases. Also lowered were plasma unconjugated/conjugated bilirubin ratio and concentrations of urea, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, sodium, and total and unconjugated bilirubin. It however, significantly (p<0.05) raised plasma potassium and calcium levels. Therefore, the modulation of plasma sodium and potassium is an indication of the diuretic potential of the extract. In addition, the extract had no deleterious effect on the liver and kidney of the treated animals, at least at the doses administered in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Chidinma Ikewuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
| | - Jude Chigozie Ikewuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
| | - Mercy Onuekwuzu Ifeanacho
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
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Kačarević ŽP, Grgić A, Šnajder D, Bijelić N, Belovari T, Cvijanović O, Blažičević V, Radić R. Different combinations of maternal and postnatal diet are reflected in changes of hepatic parenchyma and hepatic TNF-alpha expression in male rat offspring. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:719-726. [PMID: 28923316 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is related to increased TNF-alpha production in different tissues. TNF-alpha is connected to mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver and also development of fatty infiltration of the liver. Also, postnatal change from normal to high-fat diet causes a significant increase in TNF-alpha serum levels. The aim of this research was to determine how maternal diet and switching male offspring to a different dietary regime after lactation influences rat liver. Ten female Sprague Dawley rats at nine weeks of age were randomly divided in two groups and fed either standard laboratory chow or high-fat diet during six weeks, and then mated with the same male subject. After birth and lactation male offspring from both groups were further divided into four subgroups depending on their subsequent diet. At 22 weeks of age, the animals were weighted, sacrificed and major organs were collected and weighted. Immunohistochemistry for TNF-alpha was performed on liver, and liver samples were analyzed for pathohistological changes. The group in which mothers were fed standard chow and offspring high-fat diet had the most pronounced changes: heaviest liver, poorest histopathological findings and strongest TNF-alpha immunohistochemical staining of liver parenchyma. High-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation and switching to high-fat diet postnatally affects liver weight, histological structure and TNF-alpha expression in male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željka Perić Kačarević
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 3100 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Anđela Grgić
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 3100 Osijek, Croatia; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Centre Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Darija Šnajder
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 3100 Osijek, Croatia; Clinical Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Centre Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Nikola Bijelić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Tatjana Belovari
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Olga Cvijanović
- Department of Anatomy, Rijeka Medical Faculty, Brace Branchetta 20/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Valerija Blažičević
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Radivoje Radić
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, 3100 Osijek, Croatia.
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Yinchen Linggui Zhugan Decoction Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats by Regulating the Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6178358. [PMID: 28932253 PMCID: PMC5592414 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6178358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Yinchen Linggui Zhugan Decoction (YCLGZGD) is the combination of Linggui Zhugan (LGZGD) and Yinchenhao (YCHD) decoctions, two famous traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. In previous studies, we found that Yinchen Linggui Zhugan Decoction (YCLGZGD) could regulate lipid metabolism disorder and attenuate inflammation in pathological process of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the exact underlying mechanism remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of Yinchen Linggui Zhugan Decoction on experimental NAFLD and its mechanism in rats with high-fat diet (HFD) which was established by 8-week administration of HFD. YCLGZGD, LGZGD, and YCHD were administered daily for 4 weeks, after which the rats were euthanized. The level of blood lipid, liver enzymes, H&E, and Oil Red O staining were determined to evaluate NAFLD severity. Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction were, respectively, used to determine hepatic protein and gene expression of Keap1, Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1. Oral YCLGZGD ameliorated HFD-induced NAFLD. Furthermore, YCLGZGD increased the protein and gene expression of Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1 without changing Keap1. Overall, these results suggest that YCLGZGD ameliorates HFD-induced NAFLD in rats by upregulating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.
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Chen J, Wang ML, Long Q, Bai L, Tang H. High value of controlled attenuation parameter predicts a poor antiviral response in patients with chronic hepatits B. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2017; 16:370-374. [PMID: 28823366 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(16)60144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a non-invasive method for diagnosing hepatic steatosis based on vibration-controlled transient elastography. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of high value of CAP on antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS Patients with CHB receiving enticavir for initial antiviral therapy were studied; they were divided into the high CAP group and normal CAP group at baseline according to the CAP values. The effect of the antiviral therapy between the two groups were compared at week 12, 24 and 48. Patients with high CAP value at baseline were divided into three subgroups, mild, moderate and severe elevation; the therapeutic response were compared among patients with normal CAP and subgroups of patients with elevated CAP. RESULTS A total of 153 patients were enrolled. Among them, 63 were in the high CAP group and 90 in the normal CAP group. Patients with high CAP had lower rates of ALT normalization and HBV DNA clearance in response to antiviral therapy compared with those with normal CAP at week 12, 24 and 48. Further analysis showed that the rate of ALT normalization in patients with mildly and moderately elevated CAP were significant lower than those with normal CAP at week 12 and 24; while the difference was not significant between the patients with normal CAP and those with severely elevated CAP. The rate of HBV DNA clearance was significantly lower in patients with severely elevated CAP compared with those with normal CAP at week 12, 24 and 48. CONCLUSION CHB patients with high CAP had poor response to antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng-Lan Wang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin Long
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lang Bai
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Resting and Exercise Energy Metabolism After Liver Transplantation for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Transplant Direct 2017; 3:e188. [PMID: 28795140 PMCID: PMC5540626 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a leading indication for liver transplantation (LT). We hypothesized that weight gain after LT may be exacerbated by reduced metabolic rates due to the LT procedure, particularly during exercise. We aimed to compare resting and exercise energy expenditure between patients transplanted for NASH and nontransplant nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) subjects. Methods NASH LT recipients (>1-year post, n = 14) and NAFLD controls (n = 13) underwent analysis of body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), and exercise energy expenditure (VO2max), the latter using a ramped-Bruce protocol assessed by expired gas analysis and peak heart rate. Results Participants were mean 61.5 ± 7.9 years, 48.1% men, and 66.7% white. Baseline comorbidities were similar between groups. Among men, mean REE adjusted for total (17.7 vs 18.8, P = 0.87) and lean body mass (23.5 vs 26.9, P = 0.26), as well as VO2 (20.1 vs 23.9, P = 0.29), was lower in NASH LT recipients compared with NAFLD controls, respectively, although not statistically significant. However, female NASH LT recipients had significantly lower mean REE than NAFLD controls when adjusted for total (14.2 vs 18.9, P = 0.01) and lean body mass (19.3 vs 26.5, P = 0.002), as well as significantly lower VO2max (14.4 vs 20.6, P = 0.017). Conclusions NASH LT recipients, particularly women, have lower REE and exercise energy expenditure compared with nontransplant NAFLD patients. More aggressive diet and exercise programs for post-LT NASH recipients to account for reduced resting and exercise metabolic rates may attenuate weight gain in this vulnerable population.
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Alghamdi S, Sinclair B, Cowin G, Brereton I, Tesiram YA. Magnetic resonance spin-spin relaxation time estimation in a rat model of fatty liver disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017. [PMID: 28639264 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare mono- and bi-exponential relaxation model equations to discriminate between normal and fatty liver disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six rats on a choline deficient amino acid modified (CDAA) diet and six on normal chow were studied. Multiple spin echo images with increasing echo times (TEs) were collected at 9.4T. Pixel-wise T2 maps were generated using mono-exponential decay function to calculate T2M , and a bi-exponential to calculate, short T2 component (T2S ), long T2 component (T2L ), and fractions of these components (ρS , ρL ), respectively. Statistical F-tests and Akaike's information criterion (AIC) were used to assess the relative performance of the two models. RESULTS F-test and AIC showed that in the CDAA group, T2 bi-exponential model described the signal of T2 weighted imaging of the liver better than the mono-exponential model. Controls were best described by the mono-exponential model. Mean values for T2M , T2L , T2S , ρS , ρL were 31.2 ± 0.7 ms, 72.8 ± 3.3 ms, 8.2 ± 0.6 ms,71.2 ± 2.1%, 30.4 ± 1.3%, respectively, in CDAA rats, compared with 18.8 ± 0.5 ms, 32.3 ± 0.7 ms, 9.2 ± 1.8 ms, 79 ± 2%, 21.0 ± 1.1% in controls. CONCLUSION In the fatty liver of CDAA rats we have shown that T2 weighted images fit the bi-exponential model better than mono-exponential decays thus providing a better description of the data. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:468-476.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Alghamdi
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Advanced Imaging, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Benjamin Sinclair
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Advanced Imaging, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gary Cowin
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Advanced Imaging, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian Brereton
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Advanced Imaging, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yasvir A Tesiram
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Advanced Imaging, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Ferramosca A, Di Giacomo M, Zara V. Antioxidant dietary approach in treatment of fatty liver: New insights and updates. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4146-4157. [PMID: 28694655 PMCID: PMC5483489 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i23.4146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common clinicopathological condition, encompassing a range of conditions caused by lipid deposition within liver cells. To date, no approved drugs are available for the treatment of NAFLD, despite the fact that it represents a serious and growing clinical problem in the Western world. Identification of the molecular mechanisms leading to NAFLD-related fat accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative balance impairment facilitates the development of specific interventions aimed at preventing the progression of hepatic steatosis. In this review, we focus our attention on the role of dysfunctions in mitochondrial bioenergetics in the pathogenesis of fatty liver. Major data from the literature about the mitochondrial targeting of some antioxidant molecules as a potential treatment for hepatic steatosis are described and critically analysed. There is ample evidence of the positive effects of several classes of antioxidants, such as polyphenols (i.e., resveratrol, quercetin, coumestrol, anthocyanins, epigallocatechin gallate and curcumin), carotenoids (i.e., lycopene, astaxanthin and fucoxanthin) and glucosinolates (i.e., glucoraphanin, sulforaphane, sinigrin and allyl-isothiocyanate), on the reversion of fatty liver. Although the mechanism of action is not yet fully elucidated, in some cases an indirect interaction with mitochondrial metabolism is expected. We believe that such knowledge will eventually translate into the development of novel therapeutic approaches for fatty liver.
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Cuenza LR, Razon TLJ, Dayrit JC. Correlation between severity of ultrasonographic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiometabolic risk among Filipino wellness patients. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2017; 9:85-89. [PMID: 28740627 PMCID: PMC5516056 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent condition which is known to be related to factors that predispose to the development of coronary artery disease as well as development of metabolic syndrome. The study aimed to determine the association between ultrasound-based grading of hepatic steatosis with metabolic profile and estimated cardiovascular risk using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS).
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on 100 Filipino patients without established cardiovascular disease who underwent a general wellness health evaluation. Cases with NAFLD diagnosed on the basis of ultrasound grading were analyzed. Comparison of demographics and metabolic parameters between grades of hepatic steatosis was performed using Kruskal Wallis test. FRS was used to assess cardiovascular risk with Spearman rank test for correlation with the degree of NAFLD.
Results: Mean age was 47 ± 9.6 years, with 70% males. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.7 ± 5.1. Most patients had grade I NAFLD (53%), 34% were grade II, and 13% were grade III. BMI (P =0.034), liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], P = 0.001; aspartate aminotransferase [AST], P = 0.00), triglycerides (P = 0.047), and fasting blood sugar [FBS] (P = 0.049) were associated with fatty liver grade. No association was noted with total cholesterol (P = 0.569), high density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.220), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) (P = 0.792). Using the FRS 43% were stratified as low (<10% risk), 45% as intermediate (10%-20% risk) and 12% as high risk (>20% risk). Severity of fatty liver was directly correlated with the FRS (Spearman rank 0.741, P = 0.009).
Conclusion: Ultrasound-based grading of the severity of NAFLD is associated with abnormalities in the metabolic profile of patients. The FRS is correlated with increasing severity of NAFLD based on ultrasound. These findings suggest that the presence of NAFLD may be a marker for the presence of increased cardiovascular risk and may help identify patients who may benefit from more aggressive therapies to prevent development of adverse cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucky R Cuenza
- Section of Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Philippine Heart Center, Manila, Philippine
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Hendy OM, Elsabaawy MM, Aref MM, Khalaf FM, Oda AMA, El Shazly HM. Evaluation of circulating zonulin as a potential marker in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. APMIS 2017; 125:607-613. [PMID: 28430371 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olfat M. Hendy
- Department of Clinical Pathology; National Liver Institute; Menoufia University; Menoufia Egypt
| | - Maha M. Elsabaawy
- Department of Hepatology; National Liver Institute; Menoufia University; Menoufia Egypt
| | - Mona M. Aref
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry; National Liver Institute; Menoufia University; Menoufia Egypt
| | - Fatma M. Khalaf
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry; National Liver Institute; Menoufia University; Menoufia Egypt
| | - Abdel Moaty A. Oda
- Department of Hepatology; National Liver Institute; Menoufia University; Menoufia Egypt
| | - Helmy M. El Shazly
- Department of Hepatology; National Liver Institute; Menoufia University; Menoufia Egypt
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Modified SJH alleviates FFAs-induced hepatic steatosis through leptin signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45425. [PMID: 28358008 PMCID: PMC5371820 DOI: 10.1038/srep45425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Samjunghwan (SJH) is an herbal formula used in traditional Korean medicine. This prescription has long been used in treatment of aging and lifestyle diseases. The current study showed the effect and mechanisms of anti-hepatic steatosis action of modified SJH (mSJH) in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with mSJH resulted in significantly decreased intracellular lipid accumulation in steatosis-induced cells. Furthermore, mSJH triggered the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase as well as increased the expression of leptin at both protein and gene levels. In addition, C57BL6 mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) showed significant improvements in body, liver weights and fat weights; and serum, hepatic and fecal lipid parameters in response to the treatment with mSJH. Furthermore, mSJH showed favorable effects on the hepatic expression of several genes related to lipid metabolism. Betaine, one of constituents of mSJH exerted fundamental beneficial impact on FFAs-induced cells. However, the beneficial effects of mSJH were diminished upon blocking of leptin signaling by dexamethasone, suggesting the leptin signaling as a key component in mSJH-mediated modulation of lipid homeostasis. Our results suggest that mSJH exerts an anti-hepatic steatosis effect via activation of leptin and associated signaling cascades related to lipid metabolism.
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Enhanced prevention of progression of non alcoholic fatty liver to steatohepatitis by incorporating pumpkin seed oil in nanoemulsions. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.10.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Li J, Sapper TN, Mah E, Moller MV, Kim JB, Chitchumroonchokchai C, McDonald JD, Bruno RS. Green tea extract treatment reduces NFκB activation in mice with diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by lowering TNFR1 and TLR4 expression and ligand availability. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 41:34-41. [PMID: 28038359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
NFκB-mediated inflammation contributes to liver injury during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We hypothesized that antiinflammatory activities of green tea extract (GTE) during NASH would lower tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1)- and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-mediated NFκB activation. Male C57BL6/J mice (6 weeks old) were fed a low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet for 12 weeks to induce NASH. They were then randomized to continue on these diets supplemented with 0 or 2% GTE (n=10/group) for an additional 8 weeks prior to evaluating NASH, NFκB inflammation and TNFR1 and TLR4 receptor complexes and their respective ligands, TNFα and endotoxin. HF feeding increased (P<.05) serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and histological evidence of NASH compared with LF controls. HF-mediated increases in NFκB p65 phosphorylation were also accompanied by increased serum TNFα and endotoxin concentrations, mRNA expression of hepatic TNFR1 and TLR4 and MyD88 protein levels. GTE in LF mice had no effect (P>.05) on liver histology or inflammatory responses. However, GTE in HF mice decreased biochemical and histological parameters of NASH and lowered hepatic p65 phosphorylation in association with decreased serum TNFα, mRNA expression of TNFR1 and TLR4 and MyD88 protein. GTE in HF-fed mice also lowered serum endotoxin and up-regulated mRNA expression of duodenal occludin and zonula occluden-1 and ileal occludin and claudin-1 that were otherwise lowered in expression by HF feeding. These data suggest that dietary GTE treatment reduces hepatic inflammation in NASH by decreasing proinflammatory signaling through TNFR1 and TLR4 that otherwise increases NFκB activation and liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Li
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Teryn N Sapper
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eunice Mah
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Biofortis, Inc., Addison, IL 60101, USA
| | - Meredith V Moller
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joshua B Kim
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Joshua D McDonald
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Feaver RE, Cole BK, Lawson MJ, Hoang SA, Marukian S, Blackman BR, Figler RA, Sanyal AJ, Wamhoff BR, Dash A. Development of an in vitro human liver system for interrogating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e90954. [PMID: 27942596 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A barrier to drug development for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the absence of translational preclinical human-relevant systems. An in vitro liver model was engineered to incorporate hepatic sinusoidal flow, transport, and lipotoxic stress risk factors (glucose, insulin, free fatty acids) with cocultured primary human hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and macrophages. Transcriptomic, lipidomic, and functional endpoints were evaluated and compared with clinical data from NASH patient biopsies. The lipotoxic milieu promoted hepatocyte lipid accumulation (4-fold increase, P < 0.01) and a lipidomics signature similar to NASH biopsies. Hepatocyte glucose output increased with decreased insulin sensitivity. These changes were accompanied by increased inflammatory analyte secretion (e.g., IL-6, IL-8, alanine aminotransferase). Fibrogenic activation markers increased with lipotoxic conditions, including secreted TGF-β (>5-fold increase, P < 0.05), extracellular matrix gene expression, and HSC activation. Significant pathway correlation existed between this in vitro model and human biopsies. Consistent with clinical trial data, 0.5 μM obeticholic acid in this model promoted a healthy lipidomic signature, reduced inflammatory and fibrotic secreted factors, but also increased ApoB secretion, suggesting a potential adverse effect on lipoprotein metabolism. Lipotoxic stress activates similar biological signatures observed in NASH patients in this system, which may be relevant for interrogating novel therapeutic approaches to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Feaver
- HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Mark J Lawson
- HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Arun J Sanyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virgina, USA
| | | | - Ajit Dash
- HemoShear Therapeutics LLC, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Prevention and treatment effect of evogliptin on hepatic steatosis in high-fat-fed animal models. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 40:268-281. [PMID: 27885461 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is an adipokine that interrupts insulin signaling. The resulting insulin resistance exacerbates hepatic steatosis. We previously reported that the novel DPP4 inhibitor evogliptin improves insulin resistance. This study aimed to verify the therapeutic potential of evogliptin for fatty liver. Evogliptin treatment was initiated simultaneously with a high-fat diet (HFD) feeding in normal mice and in a post-24 week HFD-fed rats. In a prevention study, insulin sensitivity was preserved in evogliptin-treated mice after a 16-week treatment. Overall plasma lipid levels stayed lower and hepatic lipid accumulation was drastically suppressed by evogliptin treatment. Evogliptin reduced hepatic expression of Srebf1, a key transcriptional factor for lipogenesis. Additionally, DPP4 inhibitor-treated mice showed less weight gain. In a treatment study, after evogliptin treatment for 14 weeks in pre-established HFD-fed obese rats, weight loss was marginal, while hepatic lipid accumulation and liver damage assessed by measuring plasma aminotransferase levels were completely resolved, suggesting weight loss-independent beneficial effects on fatty liver. Moreover, reduction in plasma non-esterified fatty acids supported the improvement of insulin resistance by evogliptin treatment. Conclusively, our findings suggest that evogliptin treatment ameliorates fatty liver by increasing insulin sensitivity and suppressing lipogenesis.
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Okur G, Karacaer Z. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in healthy young persons. North Clin Istanb 2016; 3:111-117. [PMID: 28058397 PMCID: PMC5206460 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2016.28199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This aim of the present study was to determine prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in healthy young persons admitted for annual medical check-ups. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in a military hospital. Total of 254 healthy males were included and participants were divided into 2 groups according to presence and grade of NAFLD. Demographic data, biochemical test results, and ultrasonography findings were collected from all patients. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software, version 22.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS Prevalence of NAFLD was 10.6%. Significant differences were found with regard to age; levels aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase; body mass index (BMI); and presence of NAFLD (p=0.014, p=0.022, p=0.003, p≤0.001, p=0.004, and p≤0.001, respectively). When compared to those with grade 1 NAFLD, levels of alanine transaminase, fasting blood glucose, gamma-glutamyl transferase, triglycerides, total cholesterol and age variables were higher in those with grade 2 NAFLD. However, no statistically significant difference was noted when comparing grades of NAFLD. CONCLUSION Though this study included patients with normal BMI and normal laboratory test results, presence of NAFLD was not rare in these otherwise healthy young men. Liver enzyme levels were within normal limits; however, there was slight tendency to be high consistent with presence and grade of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokcan Okur
- Department of Radiology, Etimesgut Military Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zehra Karacaer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Etimesgut Military Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Calcium Reduces Liver Injury in Mice on a High-Fat Diet: Alterations in Microbial and Bile Acid Profiles. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166178. [PMID: 27851786 PMCID: PMC5113033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-fat “Western-style” diet (HFWD) promotes obesity-related conditions including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the histologic manifestation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In addition to high saturated fat and processed carbohydrates, the typical HFWD is deficient in calcium. Calcium-deficiency is an independent risk factor for many conditions associated with the Western-style diet. However, calcium has not been widely evaluated in the context of NAFLD. The goal of the present study was to determine if dietary calcium supplementation could protect mice fed a HFWD from NAFLD, specifically by decreasing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and its down-stream consequences. Male C57BL/6NCrl mice were maintained for 18-months on a HFWD containing dietary calcium at either 0.41 gm/kg feed (unsupplemented) or 5.25 gm/kg feed (supplemented). Although there was no difference in body weight or steatosis, calcium-supplemented mice were protected against downstream consequences of hepatic steatosis, manifested by lower inflammation, less fibrosis, and by lower overall histologic NAFLD activity scores (NAS). Calcium supplementation correlated with distinctly segregating gut fecal and cecal microbial communities as defined by 16S rRNA gene sequence. Further, calcium supplementation also correlated with decreased hepatic concentration of the major conjugated murine primary bile acid, tauro-β-muricholic acid (as well as a decrease in the parent unconjugated bile acid). Thus, calcium was protective against progression of diet-induced hepatic steatosis to NASH and end-stage liver disease, suggesting that calcium supplementation may effectively protect against adverse hepatic consequences of HFWD in cases where overall diet modification cannot be sustained. This protective effect occurred in concert with calcium-mediated gut microbial community shifts and alterations of the hepatic bile acid pool.
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