1
|
Zhao Z, Yan J, Huang L, Yang X. Phytochemicals targeting Alzheimer's disease via the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway, effects, and mechanisms of action. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116373. [PMID: 38442672 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by cognitive dysfunction and other behavioral abnormalities, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that occurs due to aging. Currently, effective drugs to mitigate or treat AD remain unavailable. AD is associated with several abnormalities in neuronal energy metabolism, such as decreased glucose uptake, mitochondrial dysfunction, and defects in cholesterol metabolism. Amp-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates the energy status of cells. AMPK is widely present in eukaryotic cells and can sense and regulate energy metabolism to maintain energy supply and demand balance, making it a promising target for energy metabolism-based AD therapy. Therefore, this review aimed to discuss the molecular mechanism of AMPK in the pathogenesis of AD to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new anti-AD drugs. To review the mechanisms of phytochemicals in the treatment of AD via AMPK pathway regulation, we searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Embase databases using specific keywords related to AD and phytochemicals in September 2023. Phytochemicals can activate AMPK or regulate the AMPK pathway to exert therapeutic effects in AD. The anti-AD mechanisms of these phytochemicals include inhibiting Aβ aggregation, preventing Tau hyperphosphorylation, inhibiting inflammatory response and glial activation, promoting autophagy, and suppressing anti-oxidative stress. Additionally, several AMPK-related pathways are involved in the anti-AD mechanism, including the AMPK/CaMKKβ/mTOR, AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α, AMPK/NF-κB/NLRP3, AMPK/mTOR, and PERK/eIF2α pathways. Notably, urolithin A, artemisinin, justicidin A, berberine, stigmasterol, arctigenin, and rutaecarpine are promising AMPK agonists with anti-AD effects. Several phytochemicals are effective AMPK agonists and may have potential applications in AD treatment. Overall, phytochemical-based drugs may overcome the barriers to the effective treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Neurology, Fushun Central Hospital, Fushun, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China.
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tran TTV, Tayara H, Chong KT. Recent Studies of Artificial Intelligence on In Silico Drug Absorption. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:6198-6211. [PMID: 37819031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Absorption is an important area of research in pharmacochemistry and drug development, because the drug has to be absorbed before any drug effects can occur. Furthermore, the ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) profile of drugs can be directly and considerably altered by modulating factors affecting absorption. Many drugs in development fail because of poor absorption. The research and continuous efforts of researchers in recent years have brought many successes and promises in drug absorption property prediction, especially in silico, which helps to reduce the time and cost significantly for screening undesirable drug candidates. In this report, we explicitly provide an overview of recent in silico studies on predicting absorption properties, especially from 2019 to the present, using artificial intelligence. Additionally, we have collected and investigated public databases that support absorption prediction research. On those grounds, we also proposed the challenges and development directions of absorption prediction in the future. We hope this review can provide researchers with valuable guidelines on absorption prediction to facilitate the development of newer approaches in drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Tuyet Van Tran
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Information Technology, An Giang University, Long Xuyen 880000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hilal Tayara
- School of International Engineering and Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil To Chong
- Advances Electronics and Information Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seo EJ, Khelifi D, Fayez S, Feineis D, Bringmann G, Efferth T, Dawood M. Molecular determinants of the response of cancer cells towards geldanamycin and its derivatives. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 383:110677. [PMID: 37586545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Geldanamycin is an ansamycin-derivative of a benzoquinone isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It inhibits tyrosine kinases and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Geldanamycin and 11 derivatives were subjected to molecular docking to HSP90, and 17-desmethoxy-17-N,N-dimethylamino-geldanamycin (17-DMAG) was the compound with the highest binding affinity (-7.73 ± 0.12 kcal/mol) and the lowest inhibition constant (2.16 ± 0.49 μM). Therefore, 17-DMAG was selected for further experiments in comparison to geldanamycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) represents a major problem for successful cancer therapy. We tested geldanamycin and 17-DMAG against various drug-resistant cancer cell lines. Although geldanamycin and 17-DMAG inhibited the proliferation in all cell lines tested, multidrug-resistant P-glycoprotein-overexpressing CEM/ADR5000 cells were cross-resistant, ΔEGFR-overexpressing tumor cells and p53 knockout cells were sensitive to these two compounds. COMPARE and hierarchical cluster analyses were performed, and 60 genes were identified to predict the sensitivity or resistance of 59 NCI tumor cell lines towards geldanamycin and 17-DMAG. The distribution of cell lines according to their mRNA expression profiles indicated sensitivity or resistance to both compounds with statistical significance. Moreover, bioinformatic tools were used to study possible mechanisms of action of geldanamycin and 17-DMAG. Galaxy Cistrome analyses were carried out to predict transcription factor binding motifs in the promoter regions of the candidate genes. Interestingly, the NF-ĸB DNA binding motif (Rel) was identified as the top transcription factor. Furthermore, these 60 genes were subjected to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to study the signaling pathway interactions of these genes. Interestingly, IPA also revealed the NF-ĸB pathway as the top network among these genes. Finally, NF-ĸB reporter assays confirmed the bioinformatic prediction, and both geldanamycin and 17-DMAG significantly inhibited NF-κB activity after exposure for 24 h. In conclusion, geldanamycin and 17-DMAG exhibited cytotoxic activity against different tumor cell lines. Their activity was not restricted to HSP90 but indicated an involvement of the NF-KB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daycem Khelifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shaimaa Fayez
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Pharmacognosy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doris Feineis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mona Dawood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schäfer J, Klösgen VJ, Omer EA, Kadioglu O, Mbaveng AT, Kuete V, Hildebrandt A, Efferth T. In Silico and In Vitro Identification of P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors from a Library of 375 Phytochemicals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10240. [PMID: 37373385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy with clinically established anticancer drugs is frequently hampered by the development of drug resistance of tumors and severe side effects in normal organs and tissues. The demand for powerful, but less toxic, drugs is high. Phytochemicals represent an important reservoir for drug development and frequently exert less toxicity than synthetic drugs. Bioinformatics can accelerate and simplify the highly complex, time-consuming, and expensive drug development process. Here, we analyzed 375 phytochemicals using virtual screenings, molecular docking, and in silico toxicity predictions. Based on these in silico studies, six candidate compounds were further investigated in vitro. Resazurin assays were performed to determine the growth-inhibitory effects towards wild-type CCRF-CEM leukemia cells and their multidrug-resistant, P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-overexpressing subline, CEM/ADR5000. Flow cytometry was used to measure the potential to measure P-gp-mediated doxorubicin transport. Bidwillon A, neobavaisoflavone, coptisine, and z-guggulsterone all showed growth-inhibitory effects and moderate P-gp inhibition, whereas miltirone and chamazulene strongly inhibited tumor cell growth and strongly increased intracellular doxorubicin uptake. Bidwillon A and miltirone were selected for molecular docking to wildtype and mutated P-gp forms in closed and open conformations. The P-gp homology models harbored clinically relevant mutations, i.e., six single missense mutations (F336Y, A718C, Q725A, F728A, M949C, Y953C), three double mutations (Y310A-F728A; F343C-V982C; Y953A-F978A), or one quadruple mutation (Y307C-F728A-Y953A-F978A). The mutants did not show major differences in binding energies compared to wildtypes. Closed P-gp forms generally showed higher binding affinities than open ones. Closed conformations might stabilize the binding, thereby leading to higher binding affinities, while open conformations may favor the release of compounds into the extracellular space. In conclusion, this study described the capability of selected phytochemicals to overcome multidrug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schäfer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vincent Julius Klösgen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ejlal A Omer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 67, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 67, Cameroon
| | - Andreas Hildebrandt
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rosellini M, Turunen P, Efferth T. Impact of Plastic-Related Compounds on P-Glycoprotein and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein In Vitro. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062710. [PMID: 36985682 PMCID: PMC10058098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastic in oceans degrades to microplastics and nanoplastics, causing various problems for marine fauna and flora. Recently, microplastic has been detected in blood, breast milk and placenta, underlining their ability to enter the human body with still unknown effects. In addition, plastic contains other compounds such as plasticizers, antioxidants or lubricants, whose impact on human health is also elusive. On the cellular level, two transporters involved in cell protection and detoxification of xenobiotic compounds are the ABC-transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp, MDR1, ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2). Despite the great importance of these proteins to maintain the correct cellular balance, their interaction with plastic and related products is evasive. In this study, the possible interaction between different plastic-related compounds and these two transporters was investigated. Applying virtual compound screening and molecular docking of more than 1000 commercially available plastic compounds, we identified candidates most probably interacting with these two transporters. Cytotoxicity and uptake assays confirmed their toxic interaction on P-glycoprotein-overexpressing CEM/ADR5000 and BCRP-overexpressing MDA-MD-231-BCRP cell lines. To specifically visualize the results obtained on the P-glycoprotein inhibitor 2,2’-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), we performed live cell time-lapse microscopy. Confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to understand the behavior of the molecule and the consequences that it has on the uptake of the well-known substrate doxorubicin and, in comparison, with the known inhibitor verapamil. Based on the results, we provide evidence that the compound in question is an inhibitor of the P-glycoprotein. Moreover, it is also possible that 2,2’-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), together with three other compounds, may also inhibit the breast cancer resistance protein. This discovery implies that plastic-related compounds can not only harm the human body but can also inhibit detoxifying efflux pumps, which increases their toxic potential as these transporters lose their physiological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Rosellini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Petri Turunen
- Microscopy Core Facility, Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-392-5751; Fax: +49-6131-392-3752
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Youmbi LM, Makong YSD, Mbaveng AT, Tankeo SB, Fotso GW, Ndjakou BL, Wansi JD, Beng VP, Sewald N, Ngadjui BT, Efferth T, Kuete V. Cytotoxicity of the methanol extracts and compounds of Brucea antidysenterica (Simaroubaceae) towards multifactorial drug-resistant human cancer cell lines. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:48. [PMID: 36793009 PMCID: PMC9930359 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer remains a global health concern and constitutes an important barrier to increasing life expectancy. Malignant cells rapidly develop drug resistance leading to many clinical therapeutic failures. The importance of medicinal plants as an alternative to classical drug discovery to fight cancer is well known. Brucea antidysenterica is an African medicinal plant traditionally used to treat cancer, dysentery, malaria, diarrhea, stomach aches, helminthic infections, fever, and asthma. The present work was designed to identify the cytotoxic constituents of Brucea antidysenterica on a broad range of cancer cell lines and to demonstrate the mode of induction of apoptosis of the most active samples. METHODS Seven phytochemicals were isolated from the leaves (BAL) and stem (BAS) extract of Brucea antidysenterica by column chromatography and structurally elucidated using spectroscopic techniques. The antiproliferative effects of the crude extracts and compounds against 9 human cancer cell lines were evaluated by the resazurin reduction assay (RRA). The activity in cell lines was assessed by the Caspase-Glo assay. The cell cycle distribution, apoptosis via propidium iodide (PI) staining, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) through 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) via 2´,7´-dichlorodihydrofluoresceine diacetate (H2DCFH-DA) staining, were investigated by flow cytometry. RESULTS Phytochemical studies of the botanicals (BAL and BAS) led to the isolation of seven compounds. BAL and its constituents 3, (3-(3-Methyl-1-oxo-2-butenyl))1H indole (1) and hydnocarpin (2), as well as the reference compound, doxorubicin, had antiproliferative activity against 9 cancer cell lines. The IC50 values varied from 17.42 µg/mL (against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) to 38.70 µg/mL (against HCT116 p53-/- colon adenocarcinoma cells) for BAL, from 19.11 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 47.50 µM (against MDA-MB-231-BCRP adenocarcinoma cells) for compound 1, and from 4.07 µM (against MDA-MB-231-pcDNA cells) to 11.44 µM (against HCT116 p53+/+ cells) for compound 2. Interestingly, hypersensitivity of resistant cancer cells to compound 2 was also observed. BAL and hydnocarpin induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells mediated by caspase activation, the alteration of MMP, and increased ROS levels. CONCLUSION BAL and its constituents, mostly compound 2, are potential antiproliferative products from Brucea antidysenterica. Other studies will be necessary in the perspective of the discovery of new antiproliferative agents to fight against resistance to anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia M. Youmbi
- grid.8201.b0000 0001 0657 2358Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon ,grid.412661.60000 0001 2173 8504Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Yves S. D. Makong
- grid.413096.90000 0001 2107 607XDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Armelle T. Mbaveng
- grid.8201.b0000 0001 0657 2358Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon ,grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Simplice B. Tankeo
- grid.8201.b0000 0001 0657 2358Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon ,grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ghislain W. Fotso
- grid.412661.60000 0001 2173 8504Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bruno L. Ndjakou
- grid.412661.60000 0001 2173 8504Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean D. Wansi
- grid.413096.90000 0001 2107 607XDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Veronique P. Beng
- grid.412661.60000 0001 2173 8504Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Norbert Sewald
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bonaventure T. Ngadjui
- grid.412661.60000 0001 2173 8504Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Adham AN, Abdelfatah S, Naqishbandi A, Sugimoto Y, Fleischer E, Efferth T. Transcriptomics, molecular docking, and cross-resistance profiling of nobiletin in cancer cells and synergistic interaction with doxorubicin upon SOX5 transfection. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154064. [PMID: 35344715 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nobiletin is a polymethoxylated flavone from citrus fruit peels. Among other bioactivities, it acts antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular-protective. Nobiletin exerts profound anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. PURPOSE The aim was to unravel the multiple modes of action against cancer cells by bioinformatic and transcriptomic techniques and their verification by molecular pharmacological methods. METHODS The in silico methods used were COMPARE analysis of transcriptomic data, signaling pathway analysis, transcription factor binding motif analysis in promoter sequences of target genes, and molecular docking. The in vitro methods used were resazurin assay, isobologram analysis, generation of stably SOX5-tranfected cells, and Western blotting. RESULTS Nobiletin was cytotoxic against a wide range of cell lines from different tumor types, including diverse phenotypes to established anticancer drugs (e.g., P-glycoprotein, ABCB5, p53, EGFR). Cross-resistance profiling with 83 standard anticancer drugs revealed a correlation to antihormonal anticancer drugs, which can be explained by the phytoestrogenic features of nobiletin. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the responsiveness of tumor cells was predictable by their specific mRNA expression profile. Nobiletin bound to the transcription factor SOX5 in silico. SOX5 conferred resistance to the control drug doxorubicin but collateral sensitivity to nobiletin in HEK293 cells transfected with a lentiviral GFP-tagged pLOCORF-SOX5 vector. The combination of nobiletin and doxorubicin synergistically killed HEK293-SOX5 cells in isobologram analyses, implying attractive new treatment options. CONCLUSION Nobiletin represents an interesting candidate for cancer therapy with broad-spectrum activity and multiple modes of action. The identification of novel targets (i.e., SOX5) may allow its use for targeted tumor therapy in individualized treatment protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aveen N Adham
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Sara Abdelfatah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alaadin Naqishbandi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Edmond Fleischer
- Fischer Analytics, Department Fischer Organics, 55413 Weiler, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Phytol and Heptacosane Are Possible Tools to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in an In Vitro Model of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030356. [PMID: 35337153 PMCID: PMC8952646 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is the ability of cancer cells to gain resistance to both conventional and novel chemotherapy agents, and remains a major problem in cancer therapy. Resistance mechanisms are multifactorial and involve more strictly pharmacological factors, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and biological factors such as inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Possible therapeutic strategies for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have increased in recent years; however, drug resistance remains a problem for most pa-tients. Phytol and heptacosane are the major compounds of Euphorbia intisy essential oil (EO) which were demonstrated to inhibit P-gp in a multidrug resistant in vitro model of AML. This study investigated the mechanism by which phytol and heptacosane improve P-gp-mediated drug transport. Phytol suppresses the P-gp expression via NF-κB inhibition and does not seem to act on the efflux system. Heptacosane acts as a substrate and potent P-gp inhibitor, demonstrating the ability to retain the substrate doxorubicin inside the cell and enhancing its cytotoxic effects. Our results suggest that these compounds act as non-toxic modulators of P-gp through different mechanisms and are able to revert P-gp-mediated drug resistance in tumor cells.
Collapse
|
9
|
Shahhamzehei N, Abdelfatah S, Efferth T. In Silico and In Vitro Identification of Pan-Coronaviral Main Protease Inhibitors from a Large Natural Product Library. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:308. [PMID: 35337106 PMCID: PMC8952009 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The main protease (Mpro or 3CLpro) in coronaviruses represents a promising specific drug target as it is essential for the cleavage of the virus polypeptide and has a unique cleavage site that does not exist in human host proteases. In this study, we explored potential natural pan-coronavirus drugs using in vitro and in silico approaches and three coronavirus main proteases as treatment targets. The PyRx program was used to screen 39,442 natural-product-like compounds from the ZINC database and 121 preselected phytochemicals from medicinal plants with known antiviral activity. After assessment with Lipinski's rule of five, molecular docking was performed for the top 33 compounds of both libraries. Enzymatic assays were applied for the top candidates from both in silico approaches to test their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The four compounds (hypericin, rosmarinic acid, isorhamnetin, and luteolin) that most efficiently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Mpro in vitro were further tested for their efficacy in inhibiting Mpro of SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. Microscale thermophoresis was performed to determine dissociation constant (Kd) values to validate the binding of these active compounds to recombinant Mpro proteins of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and MERS-CoV. The cytotoxicity of hypericin, rosmarinic acid, isorhamnetin, and luteolin was assessed in human diploid MRC-5 lung fibroblasts using the resazurin cell viability assay to determine their therapeutic indices. Sequence alignment of Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated 96.08%, 50.83%, 49.17%, 48.51%, 44.04%, and 41.06% similarity to Mpro of other human-pathogenic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-229E, respectively). Molecular docking showed that 12 out of 121 compounds were bound to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro at the same binding site as the control inhibitor, GC376. Enzyme inhibition assays revealed that hypericin, rosmarinic acid, isorhamnetin, and luteolin inhibited Mpro of SARS-CoV-2, while hypericin and isorhamnetin inhibited Mpro of SARS-CoV-1; hypericin showed inhibitory effects toward Mpro of MERS-CoV. Microscale thermophoresis confirmed the binding of these compounds to Mpro with high affinity. Resazurin assays showed that rosmarinic acid and luteolin were not cytotoxic toward MRC-5 cells, whereas hypericin and isorhamnetin were slightly cytotoxic. We demonstrated that hypericin represents a potential novel pan-anti-coronaviral agent by binding to and inhibiting Mpro of several human-pathogenic coronaviruses. Moreover, isorhamnetin showed inhibitory effects toward SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 Mpro, indicating that this compound may have some pan-coronaviral potential. Luteolin had inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (N.S.); (S.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kinome-Wide Profiling Identifies Human WNK3 as a Target of Cajanin Stilbene Acid from Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031506. [PMID: 35163434 PMCID: PMC8835736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is a common food crop used in many parts of the world for nutritional purposes. One of its chemical constituents is cajanin stilbene acid (CSA), which exerts anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. In an effort to identify molecular targets of CSA, we performed a kinome-wide approach based on the measurement of the enzymatic activities of 252 human kinases. The serine-threonine kinase WNK3 (also known as protein kinase lysine-deficient 3) was identified as the most promising target of CSA with the strongest enzymatic activity inhibition in vitro and the highest binding affinity in molecular docking in silico. The lowest binding affinity and the predicted binding constant pKi of CSA (−9.65 kcal/mol and 0.084 µM) were comparable or even better than those of the known WNK3 inhibitor PP-121 (−9.42 kcal/mol and 0.123 µM). The statistically significant association between WNK3 mRNA expression and cellular responsiveness to several clinically established anticancer drugs in a panel of 60 tumor cell lines and the prognostic value of WNK3 mRNA expression in sarcoma biopsies for the survival time of 230 patients can be taken as clues that CSA-based inhibition of WNK3 may improve treatment outcomes of cancer patients and that CSA may serve as a valuable supplement to the currently used combination therapy protocols in oncology.
Collapse
|
11
|
Network pharmacology of triptolide in cancer cells: implications for transcription factor binding. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:1523-1537. [PMID: 34213719 PMCID: PMC8541937 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Triptolide is an active natural product, which inhibits cell proliferation, induces cell apoptosis, suppresses tumor metastasis and improves the effect of other therapeutic treatments in several cancer cell lines by affecting multiple molecules and signaling pathways, such as caspases, heat-shock proteins, DNA damage and NF-ĸB. Purpose We investigated the effect of triptolide towards NF-ĸB and GATA1. Methods We used cell viability assay, compare and cluster analyses of microarray-based mRNA transcriptome-wide expression data, gene promoter binding motif analysis, molecular docking, Ingenuity pathway analysis, NF-ĸB reporter cell assay, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) of GATA1. Results Triptolide inhibited the growth of drug-sensitive (CCRF-CEM, U87.MG) and drug-resistant cell lines (CEM/ADR5000, U87.MGΔEGFR). Hierarchical cluster analysis showed six major clusters in dendrogram. The sensitive and resistant cell lines were statistically significant (p = 0.65 × 10-2) distributed. The binding motifs of NF-κB (Rel) and of GATA1 proteins were significantly enriched in regions of 25 kb upstream promoter of all genes. IPA showed the networks, biological functions, and canonical pathways influencing the activity of triptolide towards tumor cells. Interestingly, upstream analysis for the 40 genes identified by compare analysis revealed ZFPM1 (friend of GATA protein 1) as top transcription regulator. However, we did not observe any effect of triptolide to the binding of GATA1 in vitro. We confirmed that triptolide inhibited NF-κB activity, and it strongly bound to the pharmacophores of IκB kinase β and NF-κB in silico. Conclusion Triptolide showed promising inhibitory effect toward NF-κB, making it a potential candidate for targeting NF-κB.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hegazy MEF, Dawood M, Mahmoud N, Elbadawi M, Sugimoto Y, Klauck SM, Mohamed N, Efferth T. 2α-Hydroxyalantolactone from Pulicaria undulata: activity against multidrug-resistant tumor cells and modes of action. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:153409. [PMID: 33341310 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sesquiterpene lactones having α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety are promising natural metabolites showing various biological activity. One of the major metabolites isolated from Pulicaria undulata, 2α-hydroxyalantolactone (PU-1), has not been investigated in detail yet. Multidrug resistance (MDR) represents a major obstacle for cancer chemotherapy and the capability of novel natural products to overcoming MDR is of great interest. PURPOSE Exploring the molecular modes of action for potent natural product metabolites. METHODS The resazurin reduction assay was employed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of PU-1 on sensitive and their corresponding drug-resistant cell lines (overexpressing P-glycoprotein, BCRP, ABCB5, ΔEGFR, or TP53 knockout). Gene expression profiling was performed by transcriptome-wide mRNA microarray in the human CCRF-CEM leukemic cells after treatment with PU-1. The top significantly up- or down-regulated genes were identified by Chipster program and analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. Finally, flow cytometry and Western blotting were performed for cell cycle analyses and apoptosis detection. RESULTS The sesquiterpene lactone, PU-1, showed potent cytotoxicity towards the drug-sensitive and -resistant cell lines. Transcriptome-wide mRNA expression profiling and pathway analysis pointed to genes involved in DNA damage response and G2/M cell cycle arrest. G2/M arrest was verified by flow cytometry and further confirmed by the upregulation of p21 and downregulation of p-CDC25C expression in Western blotting. Moreover, the suggested DNA damage checkpoint regulation was confirmed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting by upregulation of pS345 Chk1, p-H3 and γ-H2AX. Furthermore, PU-1 inhibited PI3K/AKT pathway, which is involved in signaling DNA damage and G2/M arrest. Cells ultimately induced apoptosis upon PU-1 treatment. CONCLUSIONS PU-1 is a potent natural product inhibiting otherwise drug-resistant human tumor cell growth through DNA damage, G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Elamir F Hegazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Phytochemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mona Dawood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nuha Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamed Elbadawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sabine M Klauck
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nagla Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Egypt
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tangella LP, Arooj M, Deplazes E, Gray ES, Mancera RL. Identification and characterisation of putative drug binding sites in human ATP-binding cassette B5 (ABCB5) transporter. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:691-704. [PMID: 33510870 PMCID: PMC7817430 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The human ATP-binding cassette B5 (ABCB5) transporter, a member of the ABC transporter superfamily, is linked to chemoresistance in tumour cells by drug effluxion. However, little is known about its structure and drug-binding sites. In this study, we generated an atomistic model of the full-length human ABCB5 transporter with the highest quality using the X-ray crystal structure of mouse ABCB1 (Pgp1), a close homologue of ABCB5 and a well-studied member of the ABC family. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to validate the atomistic model of ABCB5 and characterise its structural properties in model cell membranes. Molecular docking simulations of known ABCB5 substrates such as taxanes, anthracyclines, camptothecin and etoposide were then used to identify at least three putative binding sites for chemotherapeutic drugs transported by ABCB5. The location of these three binding sites is predicted to overlap with the corresponding binding sites in Pgp1. These findings will serve as the basis for future in vitro studies to validate the nature of the identified substrate-binding sites in the full-length ABCB5 transporter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lokeswari P Tangella
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Mahreen Arooj
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Evelyne Deplazes
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute and Curtin Institute for Computation, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Elin S Gray
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Ricardo L Mancera
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute and Curtin Institute for Computation, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Serçinoğlu O, Senturk D, Altinisik Kaya FE, Avci FG, Frlan R, Tomašič T, Ozbek P, Orelle C, Jault JM, Sariyar Akbulut B. Identification of novel inhibitors of the ABC transporter BmrA. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104452. [PMID: 33212311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The resistance of microbes to commonly used antibiotics has become a worldwide health problem. A major underlying mechanism of microbial antibiotic resistance is the export of drugs from bacterial cells. Drug efflux is mediated through the action of multidrug resistance efflux pumps located in the bacterial cell membranes. The critical role of bacterial efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance has directed research efforts to the identification of novel efflux pump inhibitors that can be used alongside antibiotics in clinical settings. Here, we aimed to find potential inhibitors of the archetypical ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux pump BmrA of Bacillus subtilis via virtual screening of the Mu.Ta.Lig. Chemotheca small molecule library. Molecular docking calculations targeting the nucleotide-binding domain of BmrA were performed using AutoDock Vina. Following a further drug-likeness filtering step based on Lipinski's Rule of Five, top 25 scorers were identified. These ligands were then clustered into separate groups based on their contact patterns with the BmrA nucleotide-binding domain. Six ligands with distinct contact patterns were used for further in vitro inhibition assays based on intracellular ethidium bromide accumulation. Using this methodology, we identified two novel inhibitors of BmrA from the Chemotheca small molecule library.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onur Serçinoğlu
- Department of Bioengineering, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Fener 53100, Rize, Turkey
| | - Duygu Senturk
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Kadikoy 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Fatma Gizem Avci
- Department of Bioengineering, Uskudar University, Uskudar 34662, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rok Frlan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pemra Ozbek
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Kadikoy 34722, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cédric Orelle
- University of Lyon, CNRS, UMR5086 "Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry", 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 7, France
| | - Jean-Michel Jault
- University of Lyon, CNRS, UMR5086 "Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry", 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 7, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mahmoud N, Saeed MEM, Sugimoto Y, Klinger A, Fleischer E, Efferth T. Putative molecular determinants mediating sensitivity or resistance towards carnosic acid tumor cell responses. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:153271. [PMID: 32659679 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnosic acid (CA) is one of the main constituents in rosemary extract. It possesses valuable pharmacological properties, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer activities. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies investigated the anticancer profile of CA and emphasized its potentiality for cancer treatment. Nevertheless, the role of multidrug-resistance (MDR) related mechanisms for CA's anticancer effect is not yet known. PURPOSE We investigated the cytotoxicity of CA against known mechanisms of anticancer drug resistance (P-gp, ABCB5, BCRP, EGFR and p53) and determined novel putative molecular factors associated with cellular response towards CA. STUDY DESIGN Cytotoxicity assays, bioinformatic analysis, flow cytometry and western blotting were performed to identify the mode of action of CA towards cancer cells. METHODS The cytotoxicity to CA was assessed using the resazurin assays in cell lines expressing the mentioned resistance mechanisms. A pharmacogenomic characterization of the NCI 60 cell line panel was applied via COMPARE, hierarchical cluster and network analyses. Flow cytometry was used to detect cellular mode of death and ROS generation. Changes in proteins-related to apoptosis were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Cell lines expressing ABC transporters (P-gp, BCRP or ABCB5), mutant EGFR or p53 were not cross-resistant to CA compared to their parental counterparts. By pharmacogenomic approaches, we identified genes that belong to different functional groups (e.g. signal transduction, regulation of cytoskeleton and developmental regulatory system). These genes were predicted as molecular determinants that mediate CA tumor cellular responses. The top affected biofunctions included cellular development, cellular proliferation and cellular death and survival. The effect of CA-mediated apoptosis in leukemia cells, which were recognized as the most sensitive tumor type, was confirmed via flow cytometry and western blot analysis. CONCLUSION CA may provide a novel treatment option to target refractory tumors and to effectively cooperate with established chemotherapy. Using pharmacogenomic approaches and network pharmacology, the relationship between cancer complexity and multi-target potentials of CA was analyzed and many putative molecular determinants were identified. They could serve as novel targets for CA and further studies are needed to translate the possible implications to clinical cancer treatment.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- Abietanes/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/physiology
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Humans
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Pharmacogenetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuha Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kowalski P, Baum M, Körten M, Donath A, Dobler S. ABCB transporters in a leaf beetle respond to sequestered plant toxins. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201311. [PMID: 32873204 PMCID: PMC7542790 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophagous insects can tolerate and detoxify toxic compounds present in their host plants and have evolved intricate adaptations to this end. Some insects even sequester the toxins for their defence. This necessitates specific mechanisms, especially carrier proteins that regulate uptake and transport to specific storage sites or protect sensitive tissues from noxious compounds. We identified three ATP-binding cassette subfamily B (ABCB) transporters from the transcriptome of the cardenolide-sequestering leaf beetle Chrysochus auratus and analysed their functional role in the sequestration process. These were heterologously expressed and tested for their ability to interact with various potential substrates: verapamil (standard ABCB substrate), the cardenolides digoxin (commonly used), cymarin (present in the species's host plant) and calotropin (present in the ancestral host plants). Verapamil stimulated all three ABCBs and each was activated by at least one cardenolide, however, they differed as to which they were activated by. While the expression of the most versatile transporter fits with a protective role in the blood-brain barrier, the one specific for cymarin shows an extreme abundance in the elytra, coinciding with the location of the defensive glands. Our data thus suggest a key role of ABCBs in the transport network needed for cardenolide sequestration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kowalski
- Molecular Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Zoology, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Baum
- Molecular Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Zoology, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Körten
- Molecular Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Zoology, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Donath
- ZFMK, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversität der Tiere, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Dobler
- Molecular Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Zoology, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dawood M, Hegazy MEF, Elbadawi M, Fleischer E, Klinger A, Bringmann G, Kuntner C, Shan L, Efferth T. Vitamin K 3 chloro derivative (VKT-2) inhibits HDAC6, activates autophagy and apoptosis, and inhibits aggresome formation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114176. [PMID: 32721508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics plays a vital role in regulating gene expression and determining the specific phenotypes of eukaryotic cells. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important epigenetic regulatory proteins effecting multiple biological functions. Particularly, HDAC6 has become a promising anti-cancer drug target because of its regulation of cell mobility, protein trafficking, degradation of misfolded proteins, cell growth, apoptosis, and metastasis. In this study, we identified one out of six vitamin K3 derivatives, VKT-2, as HDAC6 inhibitor using molecular docking and cell viability assays in HDAC6-overexpressing HuH-7 cancer cells. Microscale thermophoresis and HDAC6 enzymatic assays revealed that VKT-2 bound to HDAC6 and inhibited its function. We further identified its cytotoxic activity. VKT-2 hyperacetylated HDAC6 substrates and disturbed tubulin integrity leading to significant inhibition of tumor migration in both HuH-7 spheroids and U2OS-GFP-α-tubulin cells. Moreover, VKT-2 induced autophagic and apoptotic cell death in HuH-7, while aggresome formation was restrained after VKT-2 treatment. A HuH-7 cell-xenograft model in zebrafish larvae provided evidence that VKT-2 inhibited the tumor growth in vivo. To best of our knowledge, it is the first time to demonstrate that vitamin k3 derivatives (VKT-2) inhibits HDAC6 in solid tumor cells. These unique findings suggested that VKT-2 is a promising anti-cancer agent targeting HDAC6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dawood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed-Elamir F Hegazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elbadawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Kuntner
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Preclinical Molecular Imaging, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Letian Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dawood M, Fleischer E, Klinger A, Bringmann G, Shan L, Efferth T. Inhibition of cell migration and induction of apoptosis by a novel class II histone deacetylase inhibitor, MCC2344. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105076. [PMID: 32659428 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifiers provide a new target for the development of anti-cancer drugs. The eraser histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a class IIb histone deacetylase that targets various non-histone proteins such as transcription factors, nuclear receptors, cytoskeletal proteins, DNA repair proteins, and molecular chaperones. Therefore, it became an attractive target for cancer treatment. In this study, virtual screening was applied to the MicroCombiChem database with 1162 drug-like compounds to identify new HDAC6 inhibitors. Five compounds were tested in silico and in vitro as HDAC6 inhibitors. Both analyses revealed 1-cyclohexene-1-carboxamide, 2-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-N-1-naphthalenyl-6-oxo- (MCC2344) as the best HDAC6 inhibitor among the five ligands. The binding affinity of MCC2344 to HDAC6 was further confirmed by microscale thermophoresis. Additionally, the anti-cancer activity of MCC2344 was tested in several tumor cell lines. Leukemia cells were the most sensitive cells towards MCC2344, particularly the P-glycoprotein-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cell line CEM/ADR5000 exhibited remarkable collateral sensitivity towards MCC2344. Transcriptome analysis using microarray hybridization was performed for investigating downstream mechanisms of action of MCC2344 in leukemia cells. MCC2344 affected microtubule dynamics and suppressed cell migration in the wound healing assay as well as in a spheroid model by hyper-acetylation of tubulin and HSP-90. MCC2344 induced cell death in CEM/ADR5000 cells by activation of PARP, caspase-3, and p21 in addition to the downregulation of p62. MCC2344 significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo in zebrafish larvae without mortality until 20 pM. We propose MCC2344 as a novel HDAC6 inhibitor for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dawood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | | | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Letian Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dawood M, Elbadawi M, Böckers M, Bringmann G, Efferth T. Molecular docking-based virtual drug screening revealing an oxofluorenyl benzamide and a bromonaphthalene sulfonamido hydroxybenzoic acid as HDAC6 inhibitors with cytotoxicity against leukemia cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110454. [PMID: 32768947 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HDAC6 is a crucial epigenetic modifier that plays a vital role in tumor progression and carcinogenesis due to its multiple biological functions. It is a unique member of class-II HDAC enzymes. It possesses two catalytic domains, which function independently of the overall enzyme activity. Up to date, there are only a few selective HDAC6 inhibitors with anti-cancer activity. In this study, 175,204 ligands obtained from the ZINC15 and OTAVAchemical databases were used for virtual drug screening against HDAC6. Molecular docking studies were performed for 100 selected compounds. Furthermore, the top 10 compounds obtained from docking were tested for their efficacy to inhibit the function of HDAC6. Five compounds (N-(9-oxo-9H-fluoren-3-yl)benzamide, 2-hydroxy-5-[(5-oxo-6-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)amino]benzoic acid, 5-(4-bromonaphthalene-1-sulfonamido)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-(naphthalen-2-yl)-N-(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxamide, and 4-oxa-5,6 diazapentacyclo[10.7.1.0³,⁷.0⁸,²⁰.0¹⁴,¹⁹]icosa-1,3(7),5,8(20),9,11,14,16,18-nonaen-13-one) inhibited enzymatic activity by more than 50 % compared to DMSO as the control. Two candidates, (N-(9-oxo-9H-fluoren-3-yl)benzamide and 5-(4-bromonaphthalene-1-sulfonamido)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid), were identified with considerable cytotoxicity towards drug-sensitive CCRF-CEM and multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells. Microscale thermophoresis revealed the binding of N-(9-oxo-9H-fluoren-3-yl)benzamide and 5-(4-bromonaphthalene-1-sulfonamido)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid to purified HDAC6 protein. Both compounds induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner as analyzed by flow cytometry. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that these two compounds bind to HDAC6, inhibit its function, and exert cytotoxic activity by apoptosis induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dawood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamed Elbadawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Madeleine Böckers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kaczor A, Nové M, Kincses A, Spengler G, Szymańska E, Latacz G, Handzlik J. Search for ABCB1 Modulators Among 2-Amine-5-Arylideneimidazolones as a New Perspective to Overcome Cancer Multidrug Resistance. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092258. [PMID: 32403277 PMCID: PMC7249047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a severe problem in the treatment of cancer with overexpression of glycoprotein P (Pgp, ABCB1) as a reason for chemotherapy failure. A series of 14 novel 5-arylideneimidazolone derivatives containing the morpholine moiety, with respect to two different topologies (groups A and B), were designed and obtained in a three- or four-step synthesis, involving the Dimroth rearrangement. The new compounds were tested for their inhibition of the ABCB1 efflux pump in both sensitive (parental (PAR)) and ABCB1-overexpressing (MDR) T-lymphoma cancer cells in a rhodamine 123 accumulation assay. Their cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects were investigated by a thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. For active compounds, an insight into the mechanisms of action using either the luminescent Pgp-Glo™ Assay in vitro or docking studies to human Pgp was performed. The safety profile in vitro was examined. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis was discussed. The most active compounds, representing both 2-substituted- (11) and Dimroth-rearranged 3-substituted (18) imidazolone topologies, displayed 1.38–1.46 fold stronger efflux pump inhibiting effects than reference verapamil and were significantly safer than doxorubicin in cell-based toxicity assays in the HEK-293 cell line. Results of mechanistic studies indicate that active imidazolones are substrates with increasing Pgp ATPase activity, and their dye-efflux inhibition via competitive action on the Pgp verapamil binding site was predicted in silico.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/chemistry
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/toxicity
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Imidazoles/chemical synthesis
- Imidazoles/chemistry
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/enzymology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/metabolism
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Morpholines/chemistry
- Rhodamine 123/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Verapamil/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kaczor
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.K.); (E.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Márta Nové
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.N.); (A.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Annamária Kincses
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.N.); (A.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (M.N.); (A.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Ewa Szymańska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.K.); (E.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.K.); (E.S.); (G.L.)
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.K.); (E.S.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kadioglu O, Efferth T. A Machine Learning-Based Prediction Platform for P-Glycoprotein Modulators and Its Validation by Molecular Docking. Cells 2019; 8:E1286. [PMID: 31640190 PMCID: PMC6829872 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an important determinant of multidrug resistance (MDR) because its overexpression is associated with increased efflux of various established chemotherapy drugs in many clinically resistant and refractory tumors. This leads to insufficient therapeutic targeting of tumor populations, representing a major drawback of cancer chemotherapy. Therefore, P-gp is a target for pharmacological inhibitors to overcome MDR. In the present study, we utilized machine learning strategies to establish a model for P-gp modulators to predict whether a given compound would behave as substrate or inhibitor of P-gp. Random forest feature selection algorithm-based leave-one-out random sampling was used. Testing the model with an external validation set revealed high performance scores. A P-gp modulator list of compounds from the ChEMBL database was used to test the performance, and predictions from both substrate and inhibitor classes were selected for the last step of validation with molecular docking. Predicted substrates revealed similar docking poses than that of doxorubicin, and predicted inhibitors revealed similar docking poses than that of the known P-gp inhibitor elacridar, implying the validity of the predictions. We conclude that the machine-learning approach introduced in this investigation may serve as a tool for the rapid detection of P-gp substrates and inhibitors in large chemical libraries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abdelfatah S, Berg A, Huang Q, Yang LJ, Hamdoun S, Klinger A, Greten HJ, Fleischer E, Berg T, Wong VK, Efferth T. MCC1019, a selective inhibitor of the Polo-box domain of Polo-like kinase 1 as novel, potent anticancer candidate. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:1021-1034. [PMID: 31649851 PMCID: PMC6804483 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase (PLK1) has been identified as a potential target for cancer treatment. Although a number of small molecules have been investigated as PLK1 inhibitors, many of which showed limited selectivity. PLK1 harbors a regulatory domain, the Polo box domain (PBD), which has a key regulatory function for kinase activity and substrate recognition. We report on 3-bromomethyl-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (designated: MCC1019) as selective PLK1 inhibitor targeting PLK1 PBD. Cytotoxicity and fluorescence polarization-based screening were applied to a library of 1162 drug-like compounds to identify potential inhibitors of PLK1 PBD. The activity of compound MC1019 against the PLK1 PBD was confirmed using fluorescence polarization and microscale thermophoresis. This compound exerted specificity towards PLK1 over PLK2 and PLK3. MCC1019 showed cytotoxic activity in a panel of different cancer cell lines. Mechanistic investigations in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells revealed that MCC1019 induced cell growth inhibition through inactivation of AKT signaling pathway, it also induced prolonged mitotic arrest—a phenomenon known as mitotic catastrophe, which is followed by immediate cell death via apoptosis and necroptosis. MCC1019 significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo in a murine lung cancer model without affecting body weight or vital organ size, and reduced the growth of metastatic lesions in the lung. We propose MCC1019 as promising anti-cancer drug candidate.
Collapse
Key Words
- 3-MA, 3-methyladenine
- ABC, avidin-biotin complex
- APC/C, anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome
- BUBR1, budding uninhibited by benzimidazole-related 1
- CDC2, cell division cycle protein 2 homolog
- CDC25, cell division cycle 25
- CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase
- Cell cycle
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DAPKs, death-associated protein kinase
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FOXO, forkhead box O
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α
- IC50, 50% inhibition concentration
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- Kd, the dissociation constant
- LC3, light chain 3
- MFP, M phase promoting factor
- MST, microscale thermophoresis
- MTD, maximal tolerance dose
- Mono-targeted therapy
- Nec-1, necrostatin 1
- Necroptosis
- PARP-1, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1
- PBD, Polo box domain
- PDB, Protein Data Bank
- PI, propidium iodide
- PLK1
- PLK1, Polo-like kinase
- Polo box domain
- Polo-like kinase
- SAC, spindle assembly checkpoint
- Spindle damage
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abdelfatah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Angela Berg
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Li Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Sami Hamdoun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | | | - Henry J. Greten
- Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4099-003, Portugal
| | | | - Thorsten Berg
- Leipzig University, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Vincent K.W. Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 6131 3925751; fax: +49 6131 23752.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vilar S, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Uriarte E. In Silico Prediction of P-glycoprotein Binding: Insights from Molecular Docking Studies. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1746-1760. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666171129121924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The P-glycoprotein is an efflux transporter that expels substances out of the
cells and has an important impact on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties
of drugs. The study of the interactions between ligands and the P-glycoprotein has
implications in the design of Central Nervous System drugs and their transport across the
blood-brain barrier. Moreover, since the P-glycoprotein is overexpressed in some types of
cancers, the protein is responsible for expelling the drug therapies from the cells, and
hence, for drug resistance. In this review, we describe different P-glycoprotein binding
sites reported for substrates, inhibitors and modulators, and focus on molecular docking
studies that provide useful information about drugs and P-glycoprotein interactions.
Docking in crystallized structures and homology models showed potential in the detection
of the binding site and key residues responsible for ligand recognition. Moreover, virtual
screening through molecular docking discriminates P-glycoprotein ligands from decoys.
We also discuss challenges and limitations of molecular docking simulations applied to
this particular protein. Computational structure-based approaches are very helpful in the
study of novel ligands that interact with the P-glycoprotein and provide insights to understand
the P-glycoprotein molecular mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Vilar
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dawood M, Ooko E, Efferth T. Collateral Sensitivity of Parthenolide via NF-κB and HIF-α Inhibition and Epigenetic Changes in Drug-Resistant Cancer Cell Lines. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:542. [PMID: 31164821 PMCID: PMC6536578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenolide (PT) is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Tanacetum parthenium. In this study, PT showed varying cytotoxic effects against different solid tumor cell lines. HCT116 (p53+/+) colon carcinoma cells and their parental HCT116 knockout p53 (p53-/-) cell lines showed a resistance degree of 2.36. On the other hand, wild-type U87.MG cells or cells transfected with a deletion-activated EGFR cDNA (U87.MGΔEGFR) exhibited slight sensitivity toward PT. Multidrug-resistant MDA-MB-231-BCRP cells were even more sensitive toward PT than sensitive MDA-MB-231-pcDNA cells with a resistance degree of 0.07 (collateral sensitivity). To the best of our knowledge, hypersensitivity (collateral sensitivity) in MDA-MB-231-BCRP cell line is reported in this study for the first time. We attempted to identify the mechanism of collateral sensitivity. Firstly, we found that PT bound to IKK preventing IκBα degradation and eventually inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Down-regulation of hypoxia inducing factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in MDA-MB-231-BCRP resistant cells may be a second mechanism, since it is a target gene of NF-κB. Moreover, PT also showed epigenetic effect by inhibition of HDAC activity as shown using both molecular docking and HDAC activity assay. Based on COMPARE and hierarchical cluster analyses, we found gene expression profiles that predicted sensitivity or resistance of 47 tumor cell lines toward PT. Interestingly, pathway analyses of gene expression profiles revealed NF-κB and HIF signaling as top networks of these genes, cellular functions and canonical pathways influencing the activity of PT against tumor cells. In conclusion, PT exerted profound cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines mainly against BCRP-overexpressing tumor cells, suggesting PT as novel candidate for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dawood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Edna Ooko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mbaveng AT, Damen F, Çelik İ, Tane P, Kuete V, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of the crude extract and constituents of the bark of Fagara tessmannii towards multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:28-37. [PMID: 30703492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fagara tessmannii Engl. is an African medicinal plant used in Cameroonian traditional medicine to treat various types of cancers. AIM OF THE STUDY This work was designed to determine the cytotoxicity of the crude extract (FTB), fractions (FTBa-d) and compounds isolated from the bark of Fagara tessmannii, namely lupeol (1), fagaramide (2), zanthoxyline (3), hesperidin (4), nitidine chloride (5), fagaridine chloride (6), and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7). The study was extended to the mode of induction of apoptosis by FTB, compounds 5 and 6. MATERIALS AND METHODS The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of samples. The cell cycle, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by flow cytometry. Column chromatography was used for the purification of FTB. Meanwhile, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis was applied for structural elucidation. RESULTS The crude extract, fractions FTBa, FTBc, FTBd as well as compounds 5 and 6 revealed cytotoxicity towards the 9 tested cancer cell lines. The IC50 values ranged from 17.34 µg/mL (towards U87MG.ΔEGFR glioblastoma cells) to 40.68 µg/mL (against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) for FTB, from 16.78 µg/mL (towards U87. MGΔEGFR cells) to 37.42 µg/mL (against CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells) for FTBa, from 19.47 µg/mL (towards U87. MG glioblastoma cells) to 41.62 µg/mL (against CCRF-CEM cells) for FTBc, from 14.17 µg/mL (against HCT116p53-/- colon adenocarcinoma cells) to 22.28 µg/mL (towards CEM-ADR5000 cells) for FTBd, from 1.75 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 23.52 µM (against U87. MGΔEGFR cells) for compound 5, from 1.69 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 22.06 µM (against HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells) for compound 6 and from 0.02 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 122.96 µM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin. FTB induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells mediated by enhanced ROS production. Compound 5 induced apoptosis through caspases activation and increase ROS production. Meanwhile, 6 induced apoptosis mediated by caspases activation, MMP alteration and enhanced ROS production. CONCLUSION Fagara tessmannii as well as its constituents 5 and 6 revealed considerable cytotoxicity and may be suitable candidates deserving to be further explored to develop new anticancer drugs to combat sensitive and resistant phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Francois Damen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - İlhami Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Tecnical University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Pierre Tane
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Seo EJ, Sugimoto Y, Greten HJ, Efferth T. Repurposing of Bromocriptine for Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1030. [PMID: 30349477 PMCID: PMC6187981 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromocriptine is an ergot alkaloid and dopamine D2 receptor agonist used to treat Parkinson's disease, acromegaly, hyperprolactinemia, and galactorrhea, and more recently diabetes mellitus. The drug is also active against pituitary hormone-dependent tumors (prolactinomas and growth-hormone producing adenomas). We investigated, whether bromocriptine also inhibits hormone-independent and multidrug-resistant (MDR) tumors. We found that bromocriptine was cytotoxic towards drug-sensitive CCRF-CEM, multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemic cells as well as wild-type or multidrug-resistant ABCB5-transfected HEK293 cell lines, but not sensitive or BCRP-transfected multidrug-resistant MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Bromocriptine strongly bound to NF-κB pathway proteins as shown by molecular docking and interacted more strongly with DNA-bound NF-κB than free NF-κB, indicating that bromocriptine may inhibit NF-κB binding to DNA. Furthermore, bromocriptine decreased NF-κB activity by a SEAP-driven NF-κB reporter cell assay. The expression of MDR-conferring ABC-transporters (ABCB1, ABCB5, ABCC1, and ABCG2) and other resistance-mediating factors (EGFR, mutated TP53, and IκB) did not correlate with cellular response to bromocriptine in a panel of 60 NCI cell lines. There was no correlation between cellular response to bromocriptine and anticancer drugs usually involved in MDR (e.g., anthracyclines, Vinca alkaloids, taxanes, epipodophyllotoxins, and others). COMPARE analysis of microarray-based mRNA expression in these cell lines revealed that genes from various functional groups such as ribosomal proteins, transcription, translation, DNA repair, DNA damage, protein folding, mitochondrial respiratory chain, and chemokines correlated with cellular response to bromocriptine. Our results indicate that bromocriptine inhibited drug-resistant tumor cells with different resistance mechanisms in a hormone-independent manner. As refractory and otherwise drug-resistant tumors represent a major challenge to successful cancer chemotherapy, bromocriptine may be considered for repurposing in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Impact of NR1I2, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside compound K in healthy Chinese volunteers. J Ginseng Res 2018; 43:460-474. [PMID: 31308818 PMCID: PMC6606825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenoside compound K (CK) is a promising drug candidate for rheumatoid arthritis. This study examined the impact of polymorphisms in NR1I2, adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes on the pharmacokinetics of CK in healthy Chinese individuals. Methods Forty-two targeted variants in seven genes were genotyped in 54 participants using Sequenom MassARRAY system to investigate their association with major pharmacokinetic parameters of CK and its metabolite 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD). Subsequently, molecular docking was simulated using the AutoDock Vina program. Results ABCC4 rs1751034 TT and rs1189437 TT were associated with increased exposure of CK and decreased exposure of 20(S)-PPD, whereas CFTR rs4148688 heterozygous carriers had the lowest maximum concentration (Cmax) of CK. The area under the curve from zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUClast) of CK was decreased in NR1I2 rs1464602 and rs2472682 homozygous carriers, while Cmax was significantly reduced only in rs2472682. ABCC4 rs1151471 and CFTR rs2283054 influenced the pharmacokinetics of 20(S)-PPD. In addition, several variations in ABCC2, ABCC4, CFTR, and NR1I2 had minor effects on the pharmacokinetics of CK. Quality of the best homology model of multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) was assessed, and the ligand interaction plot showed the mode of interaction of CK with different MRP4 residues. Conlusion ABCC4 rs1751034 and rs1189437 affected the pharmacokinetics of both CK and 20(S)-PPD. NR1I2 rs1464602 and rs2472682 were only associated with the pharmacokinetics of CK. Thus, these hereditary variances could partly explain the interindividual differences in the pharmacokinetics of CK.
Collapse
|
28
|
Bocci G, Moreau A, Vayer P, Denizot C, Fardel O, Parmentier Y. New insights in the in vitro characterisation and molecular modelling of the P-glycoprotein inhibitory promiscuity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:85-94. [PMID: 29709579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The presence of several binding sites for both substrates and inhibitors is yet a poorly explored thematic concerning the assessment of the drug-drug interactions risk due to interactions of multiple drugs with the human transport protein P-glycoprotein (P-gp or MDR1, gene ABCB1). In this study we measured the inhibitory behaviour of a set of known drugs towards P-gp by using three different probe substrates (digoxin, Hoechst 33,342 and rhodamine 123). A structure-based model was built to unravel the different substrates binding sites and to rationalize the cases where drugs were not inhibiting all the substrates. A separate set of experiments was used to validate the model and confirmed its suitability to either detect the substrate-dependent P-gp inhibition and to anticipate proper substrates for in vitro experiments case by case. The modelling strategy described can be applied for either design safer drugs (P-gp as antitarget) or to target specific sub-site inhibitors towards other drugs (P-gp as target).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bocci
- Laboratory of Chemometrics, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Amélie Moreau
- Technologie Servier, 25-27 rue Eugène Vignat, BP 11749, 45007 Orléans cedex 1, France
| | - Philippe Vayer
- Technologie Servier, 25-27 rue Eugène Vignat, BP 11749, 45007 Orléans cedex 1, France.
| | - Claire Denizot
- Technologie Servier, 25-27 rue Eugène Vignat, BP 11749, 45007 Orléans cedex 1, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, F-35043 Rennes, France
| | - Yannick Parmentier
- Technologie Servier, 25-27 rue Eugène Vignat, BP 11749, 45007 Orléans cedex 1, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Leukemia Cells by Novel Artemisinin-, Egonol-, and Thymoquinone-Derived Hybrid Compounds. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040841. [PMID: 29642419 PMCID: PMC6017613 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Two major obstacles for successful cancer treatment are the toxicity of cytostatics and the development of drug resistance in cancer cells during chemotherapy. Acquired or intrinsic drug resistance is responsible for almost 90% of treatment failure. For this reason, there is an urgent need for new anticancer drugs with improved efficacy against cancer cells, and with less toxicity on normal cells. There are impressive examples demonstrating the success of natural plant compounds to fight cancer, such as Vinca alkaloids, taxanes, and anthracyclines. Artesunic acid (ARTA), a drug for malaria treatment, also exerts cytotoxic activity towards cancer cells. Multidrug resistance often results from drug efflux pumps (ABC-transporters) that reduce intracellular drug levels. Hence, it would be interesting to know, whether ARTA could overcome drug resistance of tumor cells, and in what way ABC-transporters are involved. Different derivatives showing improved features concerning cytotoxicity and pharmacokinetic behavior have been developed. Considering both drug sensitivity and resistance, we chose a sensitive and a doxorubicin-resistant leukemia cell line and determined the killing effect of ARTA on these cells. Molecular docking and doxorubicin efflux assays were performed to investigate the interaction of the derivatives with P-glycoprotein. Using single-cell gel electrophoresis (alkaline comet assay), we showed that the derivatives of ARTA induce DNA breakage and accordingly programmed cell death, which represents a promising strategy in cancer treatment. ARTA activated apoptosis in cancer cells by the iron-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In conclusion, ARTA derivatives may bear the potential to be further developed as anticancer drugs.
Collapse
|
30
|
Seo EJ, Fischer N, Efferth T. Phytochemicals as inhibitors of NF-κB for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacol Res 2018; 129:262-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
31
|
Morsy MA, El-Sheikh AAK, Ibrahim ARN, Khedr MA, Al-Taher AY. In silico comparisons between natural inhibitors of ABCB1/P-glycoprotein to overcome doxorubicin-resistance in the NCI/ADR-RES cell line. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 112:87-94. [PMID: 29133241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To investigate compound-protein binding mode and molecular dynamic simulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), in silico studies were performed to compare 12 naturally occurring compounds using two softwares. The net results showed that piperine (PIP) had the best binding affinity. In vitro studies on doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant NCI/ADR-RES cells, known to express P-gp, showed that, dose-dependently, PIP significantly increased intracellular accumulation of rhodamine-123 and had cytotoxic effects accessed by MTT assay. In addition, PIP at 25 and 50μM significantly potentiated DOX-induced cytotoxicity on the same cell line. P-gp ATPase assay showed that both DOX and PIP had dose-dependent inhibition of orthovandate-sensitive ATPase activity, indicating they are both P-gp inhibitors, with IC50 of 84±1 and 37±2μM, respectively. PIP did not show any activation of ATPase activity, while DOX did, indicating that P-gp does not accept PIP as a substrate. Using DOX at concentration 33.33μM together with PIP (100μM), DOX-mediated P-gp ATPase activity was decreased to levels 4-folds lower than DOX alone. In conclusion, both in silico and in vitro studies confirm that PIP is an inhibitor of P-gp mediated DOX efflux, suggesting PIP as a promising adjuvant to DOX cancer chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, 31982 Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 El-Minia, Egypt.
| | - Azza A K El-Sheikh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 El-Minia, Egypt; Basic Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, 11671 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed R N Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, 31982 Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61511 El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Khedr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, 31982 Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulla Y Al-Taher
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, 31982 Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Emodin reverses leukemia multidrug resistance by competitive inhibition and downregulation of P-glycoprotein. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187971. [PMID: 29121121 PMCID: PMC5679605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of multidrug resistance (MDR) is a continuous clinical challenge partially due to the overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients. Herein, we evaluated the inhibitory potency of emodin, a natural anthraquinone derivative isolated from Rheum palmatum L, on P-gp in P-gp positive K562/ADM cells. Competition experiments combined with molecular docking analysis were utilized to investigate the binding modes between emodin and binding sites of P-gp. Emodin reversed adriamycin resistance in K562/ADM cells accompanied with the decrease of P-gp protein expression, further increasing the uptake of rhodamine123 in both K562/ADM and Caco-2 cells, indicating the inhibition of P-gp efflux function. Moreover, when incubated with emodin under different conditions where P-gp was inhibited, K562/ADM cells displayed increasing intracellular uptake of emodin, suggesting that emodin may be the potential substrate of P-gp. Importantly, rhodamine 123 could increase the Kintrinsic (Ki) value of emodin linearly, whereas, verapamil could not, implying that emodin competitively bound to the R site of P-gp and noncompetition existed between emodin and verapamil at the M site, in a good accordance with the results of molecular docking that emodin bound to the R site of P-gp with higher affinity. Based on our results, we suggest that emodin might be used to modulate P-gp function and expression.
Collapse
|
33
|
Colligs V, Hansen SP, Imbri D, Seo EJ, Kadioglu O, Efferth T, Opatz T. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a D-ring-contracted analogue of lamellarin D. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6137-6148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
34
|
Kadioglu O, Chan A, Cong Ling Qiu A, Wong VKW, Colligs V, Wecklein S, Freund-Henni Rached H, Efferth T, Hsiao WLW. Artemisinin Derivatives Target Topoisomerase 1 and Cause DNA Damage in Silico and in Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:711. [PMID: 29062278 PMCID: PMC5640709 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases 1 and 2 are enzymes that maintain DNA topology and play important essential genome functions, including DNA replication and transcription. Aberrant topoisomerases cause genome instability and a wide range of diseases, cancer in particular. Both Topo 1 and 2 are the targets of valuable anticancer drugs, such as camptothecin. It has been previously shown that artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone from Artemisia annua L. also known as qinghaosu, possesses anti-cancer effects and one of its derivatives, artesunate inhibits Topo 2. In this study, we evaluated artemisinin and 40 derivatives as potential Topo 1 inhibitors at first by in silico molecular docking analyses. Five compounds that showed comparable binding energies and similar docking poses were selected for in vitro cytotoxicity test and Comet assay for DNA damage. WWLL-013, WWLL-022, and WWLL-1098 showed the lowest binding energy also induced DNA damage in the Comet assay. CMK-0298 and CMK-0398 intercalated into DNA and induced mild DNA damage. All selected compounds, WWLL-013 in particular, were more cytotoxic toward the rat tumor cells than to the normal cells. In conclusion, the artemisinin derivatives such as CMK-0298, CMK-0398, WWLL-013, WWLL-022, and WWLL-1098 can be further developed as Topo 1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ariel Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Alena Cong Ling Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Vanessa Colligs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Wecklein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Halima Freund-Henni Rached
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wen-Luan Wendy Hsiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wongrattanakamon P, Nimmanpipug P, Sirithunyalug B, Chansakaow S, Jiranusornkul S. A significant mechanism of molecular recognition between bioflavonoids and P-glycoprotein leading to herb-drug interactions. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 28:1-11. [PMID: 28678657 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1351506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)'s function may conduct significant changes in the prescription drugs' pharmacokinetic profiles and escalate potential risks in taking place of drug/herb-drug interactions. Computational modeling was advanced to scrutinize some bioflavonoids which play roles in herb-drug interactions as P-gp inhibitors utilizing molecular docking and pharmacophore analyses. Twenty-five flavonoids were utilized as ligands for the modeling. The mouse P-gp (code: 4Q9H) was acquired from the PDB. The docking was operated utilizing AutoDock version 4.2.6 (Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA) against the NBD2 of 4Q9H. The result illustrated the high correlation between the docking scores and observed activities of the flavonoids and the putative binding site of these flavonoids was proposed and compared with the site for ATP. To evaluate hotspot amino acid residues within the NBD2, Binding modes for the ligands were achieved using LigandScout to originate the NBD2-flavonoid pharmacophore models. The results asserted that these inhibitors competed with ATP for binding site in the NBD2 (as competitive inhibitors) including the hotspot residues which associated with electrostatic and van der Waals interactions with the flavonoids. In MD simulation of eight delegated complexes selected from the analyzed flavonoid subclasses, RMSD analysis of the trajectories indicated the residues were stable throughout the duration of simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pathomwat Wongrattanakamon
- a Laboratory for Molecular Design and Simulation (LMDS), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Piyarat Nimmanpipug
- b Computational Simulation and Modelling Laboratory (CSML), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Busaban Sirithunyalug
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Sunee Chansakaow
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Supat Jiranusornkul
- a Laboratory for Molecular Design and Simulation (LMDS), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kadioglu O, Law BYK, Mok SWF, Xu SW, Efferth T, Wong VKW. Mode of Action Analyses of Neferine, a Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloid of Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera) against Multidrug-Resistant Tumor Cells. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:238. [PMID: 28529482 PMCID: PMC5418350 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neferine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the green seed embryos of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn), has been previously shown to have various anti-cancer effects. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of neferine in terms of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition via in vitro cytotoxicity assays, R123 uptake assays in drug-resistant cancer cells, in silico molecular docking analysis on human P-gp and in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) and toxicity analyses. Lipinski rule of five were mainly considered for the ADME evaluation and the preset descriptors including number of hydrogen bond donor, acceptor, hERG IC50, logp, logD were considered for the QSAR analyses. Neferine revealed higher toxicity toward paclitaxel- and doxorubicin-resistant breast, lung or colon cancer cells, implying collateral sensitivity of these cells toward neferine. Increased R123 uptake was observed in a comparable manner to the control P-gp inhibitor, verapamil. Molecular docking analyses revealed that neferine still interacts with P-gp, even if R123 was pre-bound. Bioinformatical ADME and toxicity analyses revealed that neferine possesses the druggability parameters with no predicted toxicity. In conclusion, neferine may allocate the P-gp drug-binding pocket and prevent R123 binding in agreement with P-gp inhibition experiments, where neferine increased R123 uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
| | - Betty Y. K. Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and TechnologyMacau, China
| | - Simon W. F. Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and TechnologyMacau, China
| | - Su-Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and TechnologyMacau, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of MainzMainz, Germany
| | - Vincent K. W. Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and TechnologyMacau, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wongrattanakamon P, Lee VS, Nimmanpipug P, Sirithunyalug B, Chansakaow S, Jiranusornkul S. Insight into the molecular mechanism of P-glycoprotein mediated drug toxicity induced by bioflavonoids: an integrated computational approach. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:253-271. [PMID: 27996361 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1273428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, molecular docking, pharmacophore modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were rendered for the mouse P-glycoprotein (P-gp) (code: 4Q9H) and bioflavonoids; amorphigenin, chrysin, epigallocatechin, formononetin and rotenone including a positive control; verapamil to identify protein-ligand interaction features including binding affinities, interaction characteristics, hot-spot amino acid residues and complex stabilities. These flavonoids occupied the same binding site with high binding affinities and shared the same key residues for their binding interactions and the binding region of the flavonoids was revealed that overlapped the ATP binding region with hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions suggesting a competitive inhibition mechanism of the compounds. Root mean square deviations (RMSDs) analysis of MD trajectories of the protein-ligand complexes and NBD2 residues, and ligands pointed out these residues were stable throughout the duration of MD simulations. Thus, the applied preliminary structure-based molecular modeling approach of interactions between NBD2 and flavonoids may be gainful to realize the intimate inhibition mechanism of P-gp at NBD2 level and on the basis of the obtained data, it can be concluded that these bioflavonoids have the potential to cause herb-drug interactions or be used as lead molecules for the inhibition of P-gp (as anti-multidrug resistance agents) via the NBD2 blocking mechanism in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pathomwat Wongrattanakamon
- a Laboratory for Molecular Design and Simulation (LMDS), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Vannajan Sanghiran Lee
- b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Piyarat Nimmanpipug
- c Computational Simulation and Modelling Laboratory (CSML), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Busaban Sirithunyalug
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Sunee Chansakaow
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Supat Jiranusornkul
- a Laboratory for Molecular Design and Simulation (LMDS), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Efferth T, Volm M. Multiple resistance to carcinogens and xenobiotics: P-glycoproteins as universal detoxifiers. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:2515-2538. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
39
|
Prachayasittikul V, Worachartcheewan A, Toropova AP, Toropov AA, Schaduangrat N, Prachayasittikul V, Nantasenamat C. Large-scale classification of P-glycoprotein inhibitors using SMILES-based descriptors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 28:1-16. [PMID: 28056566 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2016.1264468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp) inhibition has been considered as an effective strategy towards combating multidrug-resistant cancers. Owing to the substrate promiscuity of Pgp, the classification of its interacting ligands is not an easy task and is an ongoing issue of debate. Chemical structures can be represented by the simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) in the form of linear string of symbols. In this study, the SMILES notations of 2254 Pgp inhibitors including 1341 active, and 913 inactive compounds were used for the construction of a SMILE-based classification model using CORrelation And Logic (CORAL) software. The model provided an acceptable predictive performance as observed from statistical parameters consisting of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity that afforded values greater than 70% and MCC value greater than 0.6 for training, calibration and validation sets. In addition, the CORAL method highlighted chemical features that may contribute to increased and decreased Pgp inhibitory activities. This study highlights the potential of CORAL software for rapid screening of prospective compounds from a large chemical space and provides information that could aid in the design and development of potential Pgp inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Prachayasittikul
- a Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - A Worachartcheewan
- a Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
- b Department of Community Medical Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
- c Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - A P Toropova
- d IRCCS , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milano , Italy
| | - A A Toropov
- d IRCCS , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri , Milano , Italy
| | - N Schaduangrat
- a Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - V Prachayasittikul
- e Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - C Nantasenamat
- a Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mukhametov A, Raevsky OA. On the mechanism of substrate/non-substrate recognition by P-glycoprotein. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 71:227-232. [PMID: 27984797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
P-Glycoprotein (P-gp, multi-drug resistance protein, MDR1) plays a gatekeeper role, interfering delivery of multiple pharmaceuticals to the target tissues and cells. We performed Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to generate fifty side-chain variants for P-gp (PDB ID: 4Q9H-L) followed by docking of 31 drugs (0.6≤ER≤22.7) to the whole surface except the ATPase domains and the extracellular part. A selection of the most negative energy complex for each ligand followed. All compounds docked to the two areas - the main binding cavity at the top of P-gp (12.5% of compounds with ER<1; 44.4% of 1≤ER≤2; and 100% of ER>2), and the binding sites in the middle of P-gp (87.5% of ER<1; 55.6% of 1≤ER≤2; and 0% of ER>2). Our results show that anti-substrates (ER<1), intermediate compounds (1≤ER≤2) and strong substrates (ER>2) might behave differently in relation to the P-gp. According to our calculations, the anti-substrates almost do not bind the main binding cavity (MBC) of P-gp and rather approach the other binding sites on the protein; the substrates preferably bind the MBC; the intermediate compounds with 1≤ER≤2 bind both MBC and other binding sites almost equally. The modelling results are in line with the known hypothesis that binding the MBC is prerequisite for the pumping the compound off the P-gp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azat Mukhametov
- Department of Computer-aided Molecular Design, Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Science (IPAC RAS), Severny pr-d 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation.
| | - Oleg A Raevsky
- Department of Computer-aided Molecular Design, Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Science (IPAC RAS), Severny pr-d 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter that exports a huge range of compounds out of cells and is thus one of the key proteins in conferring multi-drug resistance in cancer. Understanding how it achieves such a broad specificity and the series of conformational changes that allow export to occur form major, on-going, research objectives around the world. Much of our knowledge to date has been derived from mutagenesis and assay data. However, in recent years, there has also been great progress in structural biology and although the structure of human P-gp has not yet been solved, there are now a handful of related structures on which homology models can be built to aid in the interpretation of the vast amount of experimental data that currently exists. Many models for P-gp have been built with this aim, but the situation is complicated by the apparent flexibility of the system and by the fact that although many potential templates exist, there is large variation in the conformational state in which they have been crystallized. In this review, we summarize how homology modelling has been used in the past, how models are typically selected and finally illustrate how MD simulations can be used as a means to give more confidence about models that have been generated via this approach.
Collapse
|
42
|
Kuete V, Mbaveng AT, Nono ECN, Simo CC, Zeino M, Nkengfack AE, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of seven naturally occurring phenolic compounds towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:856-63. [PMID: 27288921 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In medical oncology, multi-drug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells continues to be a major impediment. We are in quest of novel anti-proliferative agents to overcome drug-resistant tumor cells. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of 7 naturally occurring phenolic compounds including two isoflavonoids alpinumisoflavone (1) and laburnetin (2), one biflavonoid amentoflavone (3), three lignans pycnanthulignene A (4), pycnanthulignene B (5), and syringaresinol (7) and one xanthone, euxanthone (6) against 9 drug-sensitive and MDR cancer cell lines. The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these compounds, whilst caspase-Glo assay was used to detect caspase activation. Cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were all analyzed via flow cytometry. RESULTS The IC50 values for the investigational phenolics ranged from 5.91 µM (towards leukemia CEM/ADR5000 cells) to 65.65 µM (towards drug-resistant breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231-BCRP cells) for 1, 27.63 µM (towards leukemia CCRF-CEM cells) to 107.57 µM (towards MDA-MB-231-pcDNA cells) for 2, from 5.84 µM (towards CEM/ADR5000 cells) to 65.32 µM (towards colon carcinoma HCT116 (p53(-/-)) cells) for 4 and 0.20 µM (towards CCRF-CEM cells) to 195.12 µM (towards leukemia CEM/ADR5000) for doxorubicin. Phenolics 3, 5, 6 and 7 displayed selectivity cytotoxic effects on cancer cells lines. Compounds 1 and 4 induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells, mediated by loss of MMP and increase ROS production. CONCLUSIONS The studied phenolics and mostly isoflavonoid 1 and lignan 4 are potential cytotoxic natural products that deserve more investigations to develop novel antineoplastic drugs against multifactorial drug-resistant cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Eric C N Nono
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Christophe C Simo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Maen Zeino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Augustin E Nkengfack
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ooko E, Alsalim T, Saeed B, Saeed MEM, Kadioglu O, Abbo HS, Titinchi SJJ, Efferth T. Modulation of P-glycoprotein activity by novel synthetic curcumin derivatives in sensitive and multidrug-resistant T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 305:216-233. [PMID: 27318188 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance (MDR) and drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) represent major obstacles in cancer chemotherapy. We investigated 19 synthetic curcumin derivatives in drug-sensitive acute lymphoblastic CCRF-CEM leukemia cells and their multidrug-resistant P-gp-overexpressing subline, CEM/ADR5000. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cytotoxicity was tested by resazurin assays. Doxorubicin uptake was assessed by flow cytometry. Binding modes of compounds to P-gp were analyzed by molecular docking. Chemical features responsible for bioactivity were studied by quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analyses. A 7-descriptor QSAR model was correlated with doxorubicin uptake values, IC50 values and binding energies. RESULTS The compounds displayed IC50 values between 0.7±0.03 and 20.2±0.25μM. CEM/ADR5000 cells exhibited cross-resistance to 10 compounds, collateral sensitivity to three compounds and regular sensitivity to the remaining six curcumins. Molecular docking studies at the intra-channel transmembrane domain of human P-gp resulted in lowest binding energies ranging from -9.00±0.10 to -6.20±0.02kcal/mol and pKi values from 0.24±0.04 to 29.17±0.88μM. At the ATP-binding site of P-gp, lowest binding energies ranged from -9.78±0.17 to -6.79±0.01kcal/mol and pKi values from 0.07±0.02 to 0.03±0.03μM. CEM/ADR5000 cells accumulated approximately 4-fold less doxorubicin than CCRF-CEM cells. The control P-gp inhibitor, verapamil, partially increased doxorubicin uptake in CEM/ADR5000 cells. Six curcumins increased doxorubicin uptake in resistant cells or even exceeded uptake levels compared to sensitive one. QSAR yielded good activity prediction (R=0.797 and R=0.794 for training and test sets). CONCLUSION Selected derivatives may serve to guide future design of novel P-gp inhibitors and collateral sensitive drugs to combat MDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edna Ooko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tahseen Alsalim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, P.O. Box 49 Basrah, Al Basrah, Iraq
| | - Bahjat Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, P.O. Box 49 Basrah, Al Basrah, Iraq
| | - Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Onat Kadioglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hanna S Abbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, P/B X17, Bellville, 7535 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Salam J J Titinchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, P/B X17, Bellville, 7535 Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Seo EJ, Efferth T. Interaction of antihistaminic drugs with human translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) as novel approach for differentiation therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 7:16818-39. [PMID: 26921194 PMCID: PMC4941353 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) represents an exquisite target for cancer differentiation therapy, because it was most strikingly down-regulated in tumor reversion experiments. Since TCTP is identical with the histamine releasing factor, antihistamic drugs may inhibit TCTP. Indeed, antihistaminics, such as promethazine, thioridazine, perphemazine and chlorpromazine reveal antiproliferative effects. The aim of this investigation was to study antihistaminic drugs as new TCTP inhibitors to inhibit tumor growth. Levomepromazine and buclizine showed higher in silico binding affinities to TCTP among 12 different antihistaminic compounds including the control drugs, promethazine and hydroxyzine by using Autodock4 and AutodockTools-1.5.7.rc1. Recombinant human TCTP was codon-optimized, expressed in E. coli and purified by chitin affinity chromatography. For experimental validation of in silico data, we applied microscale thermophoresis. Levomepromazine bound with a Kd of 57.2 μM (p < 0.01) and buclizine with a Kd of 433μM (p < 0.01) to recombinant TCTP. Both drugs inhibited MCF-7 breast cancer cell growth in resazurin assays. TCTP expression was down-regulated after treatment with the two drugs. Cell cycle was arrested in the G1 phase without apoptosis as confirmed by the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis-regulating proteins. Annexin V-PI staining and Trypan blue exclusion assay supported that the two drugs are cytostatic rather than cytotoxic. Induction of differentiation with two drugs was detected by the increased appearance of lipid droplets. In conclusion, levomepromazine and buclizine inhibited cancer cell growth by binding to TCTP and induction of cell differentiation. These compounds may serve as lead compounds for cancer differentiation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ean-Jeong Seo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kadioglu O, Saeed ME, Valoti M, Frosini M, Sgaragli G, Efferth T. Interactions of human P-glycoprotein transport substrates and inhibitors at the drug binding domain: Functional and molecular docking analyses. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 104:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
46
|
Prachayasittikul V, Prachayasittikul V. P-glycoprotein transporter in drug development. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:113-8. [PMID: 27047321 PMCID: PMC4817426 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veda Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Dental Hospital Mahidol University Faculty of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Prachayasittikul V, Worachartcheewan A, Shoombuatong W, Prachayasittikul V, Nantasenamat C. Classification of P-glycoprotein-interacting compounds using machine learning methods. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:958-70. [PMID: 26862321 PMCID: PMC4743480 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a drug transporter that plays important roles in multidrug resistance and drug pharmacokinetics. The inhibition of Pgp has become a notable strategy for combating multidrug-resistant cancers and improving therapeutic outcomes. However, the polyspecific nature of Pgp, together with inconsistent results in experimental assays, renders the determination of endpoints for Pgp-interacting compounds a great challenge. In this study, the classification of a large set of 2,477 Pgp-interacting compounds (i.e., 1341 inhibitors, 913 non-inhibitors, 197 substrates and 26 non-substrates) was performed using several machine learning methods (i.e., decision tree induction, artificial neural network modelling and support vector machine) as a function of their physicochemical properties. The models provided good predictive performance, producing MCC values in the range of 0.739-1 for internal cross-validation and 0.665-1 for external validation. The study provided simple and interpretable models for important properties that influence the activity of Pgp-interacting compounds, which are potentially beneficial for screening and rational design of Pgp inhibitors that are of clinical importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veda Prachayasittikul
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Apilak Worachartcheewan
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Watshara Shoombuatong
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wu CF, Efferth T. Miltirone Induces G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in CCRF-CEM Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1339-1347. [PMID: 26035463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Miltirone (1) is a diterpene quinone extracted from a well-known Chinese traditional herb (Salvia miltiorrhiza). We investigated the cytotoxic effects of miltirone toward sensitive and multidrug-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. Miltirone inhibited multidrug-resistant P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-overexpressing CEM/ADR5000 cells better than drug-sensitive CCRF-CEM wild-type cells, a phenomenon termed collateral sensitivity. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that miltirone induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, miltirone stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption, which in turn induced DNA damage and activation of caspases and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). Downregulation of CCNB1 (cyclin B1) and CDC2 mRNA and upregulation of CDKN1A (p21) mRNA were in accord with miltirone-induced G2/M arrest. Moreover, miltirone decreased cell adherence to fibronectin. Molecular docking revealed that miltirone bound to the ATP-binding site of IKK-β. In conclusion, miltirone was collateral sensitive in multidrug-resistant P-gp-overexpressing cells, induced G2/M arrest, and triggered apoptosis via ROS-generated breakdown of MMP and DNA damage. Therefore, miltirone may be a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fen Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ai N, Fan X, Ekins S. In silico methods for predicting drug-drug interactions with cytochrome P-450s, transporters and beyond. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 86:46-60. [PMID: 25796619 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are associated with severe adverse effects that may lead to the patient requiring alternative therapeutics and could ultimately lead to drug withdrawal from the market if they are severe. To prevent the occurrence of DDI in the clinic, experimental systems to evaluate drug interaction have been integrated into the various stages of the drug discovery and development process. A large body of knowledge about DDI has also accumulated through these studies and pharmacovigillence systems. Much of this work to date has focused on the drug metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P-450s as well as drug transporters, ion channels and occasionally other proteins. This combined knowledge provides a foundation for a hypothesis-driven in silico approach, using either cheminformatics or physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PK) modeling methods to assess DDI potential. Here we review recent advances in these approaches with emphasis on hypothesis-driven mechanistic models for important protein targets involved in PK-based DDI. Recent efforts with other informatics approaches to detect DDI are highlighted. Besides DDI, we also briefly introduce drug interactions with other substances, such as Traditional Chinese Medicines to illustrate how in silico modeling can be useful in this domain. We also summarize valuable data sources and web-based tools that are available for DDI prediction. We finally explore the challenges we see faced by in silico approaches for predicting DDI and propose future directions to make these computational models more reliable, accurate, and publically accessible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ni Ai
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations in Chemistry, 5616 Hilltop Needmore Road, Fuquay-Varina, NC 27526, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zeino M, Brenk R, Gruber L, Zehl M, Urban E, Kopp B, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of cardiotonic steroids in sensitive and multidrug-resistant leukemia cells and the link with Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 150:97-111. [PMID: 25797029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids have long been in clinical use for treatment of heart failure and are now emerging as promising agents in various diseases, especially cancer. Their main target is Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, a membrane protein involved in cellular ion homeostasis. Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase has been implicated in cancer biology by affecting several cellular events and signaling pathways in both sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells. Hence, we investigated the cytotoxic activities of 66 cardiotonic steroids and cardiotonic steroid derivatives in sensitive CCRF-CEM and multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells. Data were then subjected to quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis (QSAR) and molecular docking into Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, which both indicated a possible differential expression of the pump in the mentioned cell lines. This finding was confirmed by western blotting, intracellular potassium labeling and next generation sequencing which showed that Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase was less expressed in multidrug-resistant than in sensitive cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maen Zeino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ruth Brenk
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lisa Gruber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Zehl
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Kopp
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|