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Gong C, Quan L, Chen W, Tian G, Zhang W, Xiao F, Zhang Z. Ecological risk and spatial distribution, sources of heavy metals in typical purple soils, southwest China. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11342. [PMID: 38762588 PMCID: PMC11102485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification and quantification of the ecological risks, sources and distribution of heavy metals in purple soils are essential for regional pollution control and management. In this study, geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), pollution index (PI), potential ecological risk index (RI), principal component analysis (PCA) model and geographical detector (GD) were combined to evaluate the status, ecological risk, and sources of heavy metals (HMs) in soils from a typical purple soil areas of Sichuan province. The results showed that the average contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in purple soil were 7.77, 0.19, 69.5, 27.9, 0.077, 30.9, 26.5 mg/kg and 76.8 mg/kg, and the Igeo, EF and RI of topsoil Hg and Cd in designated area was the highest, and the average contents of Hg and Cd in topsoil were obviously greater than respective soil background value in Sichuan province and purple soil. The hot spots for the spatial distribution of 8 HMs were mainly focused in the southwest and northeast of the designated area, and there were also significant differences for 8 HMs distribution characteristics in the profile soil. Cu comes from both anthropogenic and natural sources, Zn, Ni and Cr mainly come from natural sources, but As, Pb, Hg and Cd mainly derived from human activities. GD results showed that soil texture (X18), altitude (X4), total nitrogen (TN), clay content (X3), sand content (X2) and silt content (X1) had the greatest explanatory power to 8 HMs spatial differentiation.This study provides a reference for understanding the status and influencing factors of HM pollution in typical purple soil, and lays a theoretical foundation for the environmental treatment of purple soil in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang Gong
- Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610039, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Coupling Process and Effects, Beijing, 100055, China
| | - Licheng Quan
- Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Guanglong Tian
- Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610039, China.
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Wan Y, Peng M, Wang YP. Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in roadside soils and plants around the Dexing copper mine: implications for environmental management and remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:251. [PMID: 38340265 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
While land transportation is crucial for social development, it also introduces various pollutants, including heavy metals, which pose risks to both the environment and human health. This issue is particularly acute in mining areas, yet research focusing on heavy metal accumulation in soils and plants along transportation routes in these areas has been limited. Addressing this gap, this study investigates soil contamination levels and heavy metal concentrations in dominant plants along a highway and railway in the vicinity of the Dexing Copper Mine, the largest open-pit copper mine in China, located in Jiangxi Province. These transportation routes are heavily utilized for ore transportation, making them critical areas for environmental monitoring. Results reveal that the primary heavy metal contaminants in the soil were Cu (84.9 to 2554.3 mg/kg), Pb (38.3 to 2013.4 mg/kg), Cd (0.1 to 46.6 mg/kg), Zn (81.3 to 875.8 mg/kg), and As (11.8 to 2985.2 mg/kg), with significantly higher concentrations found in soils adjacent to the railway compared to the highway. Specifically, for plants along the highway, Cyperus rotundus showed a significant enrichment in Cd and demonstrated a notable capacity to translocate heavy metals from its roots to aerial parts. This is evidenced by the elevated concentration of Cd in the plant's aboveground tissues (0.87 mg/kg). Notably, both the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) values exceeded 1, ranging from 1.07 to 3.62. Contrastingly, despite the elevated heavy metal concentrations in soils adjacent to the railway, plants in these areas did not exhibit hyperaccumulation characteristics. The unique behavior of Cyperus rotundus in accumulating and translocating Cd underscores its potential role in phytoremediation, particularly in the context of environmental management for areas impacted by mining activities, such as those surrounding China's largest copper mine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueya Wan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Peng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, No. 1 Haida Road, Mazhang District, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yao-Ping Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, No. 1 Haida Road, Mazhang District, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Cao W, Sheng Y, Wu J, Peng E, Gao R, Zhou M. Spatial variability and source analysis of typical soil trace elements at permafrost section along national highway 214 in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:1819-1840. [PMID: 35713839 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper attempts to reveal the enrichment status, spatial characteristics and material sources of typical soil trace elements at permafrost section along National Highway 214 on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Therefore, the samples of typical trace elements in surface soil, being located at the northern slope of Bayan Kara Mountains, were collected and tested. The concentrations of typical trace elements in soil were analysed by mathematical statistics, spatial analysis and ecological assessment. The results show that: (1) the concentrations of As, Cd and Hg in the soil are higher than the local background values, and their degrees of variation were high. There was a certain degree of accumulation. Soil As and Hg elements constitute "slight pollution", indicating there is a none-to-slight ecological hazard. (2) The distributions of soil As, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations are lower near the highway and increase with distance from it and then become relatively low further away. The distributions of Cr, Cu, Hg and Ni concentrations show no obvious trends in any direction. (3) The spatial heterogeneity of typical trace elements in soil is affected by soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, slope curvature and aspect. At the local scale, soil texture and topography were the main affecting factors. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were mainly affected by natural factors, while those of As and Hg were affected by both natural and human factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Yu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Erxing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Runxia Gao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Exogenic Mineralization and Mine Environment, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Minyu Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Exogenic Mineralization and Mine Environment, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chongqing, 401120, China
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Gallego L, Fernández-Caliani JC. Pyrite ore cargo spills as a source of soil pollution and ecological risk along the abandoned railway corridors of the Tharsis and Rio Tinto mines (Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:97. [PMID: 36357698 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Abandoned mining railways are a prominent legacy environmental issue facing many metalliferous regions with a long mining history. However, there is a general lack of information on potentially hazardous trace elements occurring in soils alongside railroad lines as a result of hazmat cargo spills. This paper explores for the first time the effects of pyrite ore transportation on soil pollution along the old railways of Tharsis and Rio Tinto, two historical mining districts of world-class importance in the Iberian Pyrite Belt. The railroad-side topsoil was found to be extremely acidic in reaction and contains abundant pyrite, spilled on the tracks during transit, and its oxidation products (jarosite, iron oxyhydroxides, and efflorescent sulfate minerals). Compared to local background concentrations, highly elevated levels of Pb, Zn, Cu, As, Hg, Sb, Bi, Cd, Ag, and Tl were detected in both railroad lines, indicating serious anthropogenic contamination. Exposure to soil contaminants, notably Pb, As, and Tl, could pose hazards to human health and the environment. Accordingly, a specific-site risk assessment is needed before the mining railway lines are converted into recreational trails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gallego
- Dept. Geology, Tharsis Mining, 21530, Tharsis, Spain
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Impact of tourism activities on the distribution and pollution of soil heavy metals in natural scenic spots on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267829. [PMID: 35895595 PMCID: PMC9328507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human activities can significantly impact the natural ecosystem. As an important part of terrestrial ecosystems, soil participates in energy and material cycle. With the continuous intensification of human activities, soil undergoes increasingly serious disturbance. Under the influence of global change and human activities, the variability of heavy metals in soil is worthy of further discussion. Taking Lujiaowan and Juhuatai Scenic Spot on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain as the research area, this study investigated the concentrations of Pb, As, Zn, Cu and Mn in the soil and analyzed their distribution and pollution levels. Meanwhile, the main sources of soil heavy metals were explored using autocorrelation analysis and principal component analysis. Results showed that the order of the average concentration of heavy metals in the study area was as follows: Mn> Zn> Cu> Pb> As. None of them exceeded the national soil environmental quality level II standard, and the average concentrations of Zn, Cu, and As exceeded the background value of Xinjiang soil, reaching a light pollution level. In addition, the distribution of heavy metals in soil displayed a regular trend, and a positive correlation was found between disturbance intensity and heavy metal concentration. The geoaccumulation index also showed that the five heavy metals in the study area had lower pollution degree compared with the background value in Xinjiang. The order of potential ecological risk was As > Cu > Pb > Zn > Mn.
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Du Z, Lin D, Li H, Li Y, Chen H, Dou W, Qin L, An Y. Bibliometric Analysis of the Influencing Factors, Derivation, and Application of Heavy Metal Thresholds in Soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116561. [PMID: 35682145 PMCID: PMC9180750 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study of threshold levels of heavy metals in soil is essential for the assessment and management of soil environmental quality. This study reviewed the influencing factors, the derivation, and application aspects of heavy metals' threshold values comprehensively by a combination of bibliometric analysis and scientific knowledge mapping. A total of 1106 related studies were comprehensively extracted from the Web of Science database during the period from 2001 to 2020. The results showed that the publication output has been growing strongly. An analysis on the subject, journal, country, and institution was carried out to demonstrate the development and evolution of this research branch during the two decades. According to high-frequency keywords analysis, external factors (e.g., soil physicochemical properties) and internal factors (e.g., crop genotype) can affect heavy metal threshold values in the soil-crop system. The current methods mainly include the Point model (e.g., evaluation factor method), the Probability model (e.g., species sensitivity distribution method), and the Empirical model (e.g., ecological environment effect method). A threshold study can be applicable to the risk assessment for soil heavy metal contamination in order to determinate the soil pollution degree and its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics. Moreover, challenges and prospects of the study of heavy metal threshold values are proposed, indicating that research should focus on the relationships between human health risks and the established threshold values of heavy metals in the soil, long-term field trials and bioavailability of heavy metals for the derivation of the thresholds, and the establishment of more scientific and rational soil environmental benchmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Du
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (Z.D.); (D.L.); (Y.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Dasong Lin
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (Z.D.); (D.L.); (Y.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Haifeng Li
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100097, China;
| | - Yang Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (Z.D.); (D.L.); (Y.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Hongan Chen
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (Z.D.); (D.L.); (Y.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Weiqiang Dou
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Li Qin
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (Z.D.); (D.L.); (Y.L.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.Q.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yi An
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (Z.D.); (D.L.); (Y.L.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.Q.); (Y.A.)
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Choudhury S, Chatterjee A. Microbial application in remediation of heavy metals: an overview. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:268. [PMID: 35438381 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination poses a menacing threat to all living forms in the natural world due to its catastrophic consequences, contributing to environmental pollution. The need for human beings increasing each day along with anthropological activity is contributing directly to the destruction of the environment with the release of a large number of heavy metals into the food chain. These metals can be accumulated in the food chains and are very extremely toxic even at low concentrations. Heavy metals aggregation can deteriorate the healthy ecosystem of the water bodies as well. One of the major concerns is the diminution and administration of the heavy metals aggregating in marine water bodies and lakes. Heavy metals are not degradable and thus tend to remain in the environment for a prolonged time period. Heavy metal aggregation can demonstrate immediate repercussions such as DNA damage, inhibition of respiration and photosynthesis, and rapid reactive oxygen species generation. Conventional or standard chemical and physical methods for remediation of heavy metals are uneconomical and lead to the production of a large magnitude of chemical waste. This shifts the focus and interest towards the utilization of microbes in remediation of heavy metals from the environment which is eco-friendly and economical. To contend with heavy metals, microorganisms have a specific mechanism such as biotransformation, biosorption, and homeostasis. The microbial system is responsive to the toxicity that is created by the heavy metals which are easily water-soluble and available in the environment. The current review article describes the sources and effects of metal ions in the environment followed by bioremediation strategies followed in their remediation. Microbial approaches in remediation of metal ions from extraterrestrial materials are depicted in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddique Choudhury
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ankita Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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Brtnický M, Pecina V, Juřička D, Kowal P, Vašinová Galiová M, Baltazár T, Radziemska M. Can rail transport-related contamination affect railway vegetation? A case study of a busy railway corridor in Poland. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133521. [PMID: 34999106 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rail transport is considered a serious risk to the environment; however, its environmental impact has been addressed insufficiently with many resulting uncertainties. A busy railway corridor was used to determine if the side of a railway track could distort the assessment of soil contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and if soil phytotoxicity changes up to 50 m away from the track. The studied soils showed a moderate to heavy level of contamination with Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. Cu, Ni and Zn content decreased significantly with the distance from the track while Pb content increased slightly, probably because the Pb came predominantly from exhaust gases, while the source of the remaining elements was the abrasion of railway infrastructure components. The side of the railway track proved to be a significant factor that influenced Ni and Pb content in particular. The phytotoxicity test predominantly showed a slight inhibition of plant growth with a maximum value reaching 70.4% but with an absence of significant differences in phytotoxicity between the distances. The ecological risk assessment did not reveal a serious threat to the environment from the PTEs in the soil. Based on the results, it is appropriate to define a heavily polluted zone at a minimum distance of 50 m from the track, and both sides of the railway track should be assessed so that the actual level of contamination is not underestimated. Further research is needed on this issue urgently due to the severe and hitherto overlooked environmental risks associated with rail transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brtnický
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Pecina
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Juřička
- Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Kowal
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, St Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michaela Vašinová Galiová
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tivadar Baltazár
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maja Radziemska
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
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Tin and Antimony as Soil Pollutants along Railway Lines—A Case Study from North-Western Croatia. ENVIRONMENTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/environments9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the extent and patterns of antimony and tin contamination in soils along railway lines, as there are very few data in the literature on this subject. The study was conducted in north-western Croatia. Total and bioavailable concentrations of Sn and Sb were detected using high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS). The following results were obtained: total concentrations of Sb ranged from 0.98 to 52.0 mg/kg and of Sn from 3.04 mg/kg to 97.6 mg/kg. The soil samples showed pronounced Sb and Sn enrichment, up to 87 and 33 times the median value for European soils, respectively. In contrast to the total concentrations, the bioavailable concentrations showed relatively low values. For Sn, the percentage of total content ranged from 0.001 to 0.021%, while for Sb it ranged from 0.001 to 0.136%. Statistical data analysis suggests that the distribution of Sb and Sn in soils near railway lines is influenced by the functional use of the site, distance from the tracks, topography, age of the railway line, and also by soil properties such as soil texture, humus content, and soil pH. This study demonstrates that rail transport is a source of soil pollution with Sn and Sb. The origin of Sb and Sn enrichment is abrasion by brakes, rails, wheels, freight losses, exhaust gasses, etc. Both elements in soils along railway lines pose an environmental risk to humans, agricultural production, and wildlife, and therefore further detailed studies are required.
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Liu Z, Yang Y, Ji S, Dong D, Li Y, Wang M, Han L, Chen X. Effects of Elevation and Distance from Highway on the Abundance and Community Structure of Bacteria in Soil along Qinghai-Tibet Highway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413137. [PMID: 34948747 PMCID: PMC8701971 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, highway construction in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) has developed rapidly. When the highway passes through grassland, the soil, vegetation, and ecological environment along the line are disturbed. However, the impact on soil bacteria is still unclear. Soil bacteria play an important role in the ecological environment. The Qinghai-Tibet Highway (QTH) was selected as the research object to explore the changes in bacterial community structure, vegetation, soil, and other indicators. The results showed that the highway-related activities increased the degradation of vegetation along the road, significantly changed the physical and chemical properties of soil, and caused heavy metal pollution. These environmental factors affected the diversity and community structure of soil bacteria. This kind of disturbance shows a trend of gradually increasing from near to far from the highway. Gemmatimonas, Terrimonas, Nitrospira and Bacillus are more tolerant to environmental changes along the highway, while Barnesiella, and Blastococcus are more sensitive. The content of nitrate decreased and the content of ammonium nitrogen increased in the disturbed area, increasing the abundance of nitrifying bacteria. Therefore, the main factor of the disturbance of the QTH on the grassland is the decline of soil nutrient content, and the supplement of soil nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen should be taken into account in the process of ecological restoration of grassland along the line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuocheng Liu
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.L.); (S.J.); (D.D.); (Y.L.); (M.W.)
- Environmental Protection and Soil and Water Conservation Research Center, China Academy of Transportation Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Yangang Yang
- Environmental Protection and Soil and Water Conservation Research Center, China Academy of Transportation Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Shuangxuan Ji
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.L.); (S.J.); (D.D.); (Y.L.); (M.W.)
- Environmental Protection and Soil and Water Conservation Research Center, China Academy of Transportation Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Di Dong
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.L.); (S.J.); (D.D.); (Y.L.); (M.W.)
| | - Yinruizhi Li
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.L.); (S.J.); (D.D.); (Y.L.); (M.W.)
| | - Mengdi Wang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.L.); (S.J.); (D.D.); (Y.L.); (M.W.)
| | - Liebao Han
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Z.L.); (S.J.); (D.D.); (Y.L.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (X.C.)
| | - Xueping Chen
- Environmental Protection and Soil and Water Conservation Research Center, China Academy of Transportation Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (X.C.)
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Assessment of the Railroad Transport Impact on Physical and Chemical Soil Properties: The Case Study from Zduńska Wola Karsznice Railway Junction, Central Poland. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9110296. [PMID: 34822687 PMCID: PMC8625778 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of the soil and water environment with harmful substances can be associated with many activities carried out on the railway. The problem is particularly relevant to liquid fuel loading and refueling facilities as well as to increased traffic at railway junctions. Studies were conducted in the area of railway junction Zduńska Wola Karsznice in central Poland (Łódź Voivodeship). Soil samples were collected from specific research points: from the inter-railway (A), 5 m from the main track (B), from the embankment-10 m from the main track (C), and from the side track (D), at the depth of 0-5 cm (1) and 20 cm (2). The following analyses were made: granulometric composition, pH in H2O, and percent content of carbonates (CaCO3). PHEs were determined in the fractions: 0.25 ≤ 0.5 mm, 0.1 ≤ 0.25 mm, and 0.05 ≤ 0.1 mm: Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, Sr by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique (ICP-MS/TOF OPTIMass 9500). The objectives of the study were (1) to assess PHEs (potentially harmful elements) contamination of the topsoil level of railway area, (2) to determine the correlation between the concentration of PHEs and the size of the fraction, and (3) to identify the areas (places) where the highest concentrations of PHEs were recorded. Based on the studied parameters, significant differentiation in soil properties of the areas in Zduńska Wola Karsznice was found. The analyses carried out showed that the accumulation of potentially harmful elements was as follows: Cu > Zn > Sr > Pb > Ni > Cr > Co > Cd. The average concentrations of Cu, Zn, Sr, Pb, Ni, Cr, Co and Cd were 216.0; 152.1; 97.8; 64.6; 15.2; 14.4; 3.1 and 0.2 mg·kg-1 d.w., respectively. These contaminations occur in the topsoil layer of the railway embankment, which suggests a railway transport origin. The highest concentrations of PHEs were recorded in samples collected from close to the rails (inter-railway, side track), and in the embankment (10 m from the track) in the very fine sand fraction (0.05 ≤ 0.1 mm). The high accumulation index of copper, cadmium and lead in the surface layer of soil indicate their anthropogenic origin. The results presented in the paper can be used in local planning and spatial development of this area, taking into account all future decisions about ensuring environmental protection, including groundwater and soils.
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Zhong Z, Bing H, Xiang Z, Wu Y, Zhou J, Ding S. Terrain-modulated deposition of atmospheric lead in the soils of alpine forest, central China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148106. [PMID: 34098279 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alpine ecosystem has a potential to intercept the transport of atmospheric metals, while the regulation mechanisms with variations in altitude and slope direction remain unclear. In this study, the soil and moss samples on the northern and southern slopes of Shennongjia Mountain were collected with altitude to quantitatively identify the sources of lead (Pb) and to decipher the regulation mechanisms of altitude and slope on the Pb distribution. The results showed that the concentrations of Pb decreased evidently with soil depth, and in the O (organic soils) and A (surface mineral soils) horizons they increased with altitude. The Pb isotopes and moss biomonitoring revealed that Pb was mainly from atmospheric deposition, and the sources included fossil fuel combustion, ore mining and smelting. Based on a binary mixing model of Pb isotopes, the percentage of atmospheric Pb in the O and A horizons and mosses averaged 58.8%, 43.7% and 71.0%, respectively. Atmospheric wet deposition strikingly controlled the distribution of soil Pb along the altitude. Canopy filtering and leaching also impacted the accumulation of Pb in the forest floor. The significant difference in the atmospheric Pb accumulation in the soils between the two slopes was not observed as expected, since atmospheric dry deposition from northwestern China contributed to the Pb accumulation on the northern slope according to the Pb isotopic ratios and air mass trajectories. The results of this study indicate that altitude determines the distribution pattern of atmospheric Pb, while slope direction screens the source region of Pb in alpine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haijian Bing
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zhongxiang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanhong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiming Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Heneidy SZ, Halmy MWA, Toto SM, Hamouda SK, Fakhry AM, Bidak LM, Eid EM, Al-Sodany YM. Pattern of Urban Flora in Intra-City Railway Habitats (Alexandria, Egypt): A Conservation Perspective. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080698. [PMID: 34439931 PMCID: PMC8389201 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intra-city railway areas are deemed large greenspaces and are believed to be key in enhancing the diversity and dynamics of urban flora. In the current study, the floristic composition and diversity along intra-city railway and tram tracks in Alexandria were surveyed. The floristic composition of the plant communities in relation to environmental factors, ecological indicators, and level of human impact was analyzed using multivariate analysis (two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) for classification and detrended correspondence analysis (DECORANA) for ordination. The multivariate ordination techniques (CCA) revealed differences in the environmental factors and climatic factors influencing the floristic composition of the railway and tram track habitats. Tram tracks suffered higher human impact while maintaining higher vitality and cover compared to train tracks. Species recorded were mainly therophytes, followed by phanerophytes and hemicryptophytes dominated by native species; however, invasive species' contribution was higher compared to surrounding regions. The number of invasive species was greater in railway areas compared to tram track areas (19 and 15, respectively). The occurrence of two endemic species (Sinapis allionii and Sonchus macrocarpus) with limited national distribution highlights the importance of these habitats as valuable refuge areas for rare and endangered species worthy of conservation action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Z. Heneidy
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (S.Z.H.); (S.M.T.); (S.K.H.); (A.M.F.); (L.M.B.)
| | - Marwa W. A. Halmy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt;
| | - Soliman M. Toto
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (S.Z.H.); (S.M.T.); (S.K.H.); (A.M.F.); (L.M.B.)
| | - Sania K. Hamouda
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (S.Z.H.); (S.M.T.); (S.K.H.); (A.M.F.); (L.M.B.)
| | - Amal M. Fakhry
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (S.Z.H.); (S.M.T.); (S.K.H.); (A.M.F.); (L.M.B.)
| | - Laila M. Bidak
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (S.Z.H.); (S.M.T.); (S.K.H.); (A.M.F.); (L.M.B.)
| | - Ebrahem M. Eid
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33511, Egypt
| | - Yassin M. Al-Sodany
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33511, Egypt
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +20-10-9353-4541
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14
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Keshavarzi A, Kumar V, Ertunç G, Brevik EC. Ecological risk assessment and source apportionment of heavy metals contamination: an appraisal based on the Tellus soil survey. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:2121-2142. [PMID: 33392900 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00787-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is imperative to comprehend the level and spatial distribution of soil pollution with heavy metals to find sustainable management approaches for affected soils. Selected heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, As, Co, and Cd) and physiochemical parameters were appraised for 620 samples from industrial, agricultural and urban sites in Northern Ireland using the Tellus database. The findings of this study showed that among the analyzed heavy metals, Mn content was the highest and Cd content the lowest. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that heavy metals were highly correlated with each other, signifying similar sources for the heavy metals. Mixed factors (anthropogenic and lithogenic) were responsible for the contribution of heavy metals as revealed by multivariate statistical analysis. The results of contamination factor and enrichment factor analyses suggest that As, Cd, and Pb showed very high risk for pollution in the study area. The geoaccumulation index revealed that with the exception of Cd, all analyzed heavy metals showed severe accumulation in the soils. The potential and modified ecological risk indices inferred that Cd, As, and Pb represented ecological threats in the soils of Northern Ireland. The findings of this study will aid in forming approaches to decrease the risks associated with heavy metals in industrial, urban and agricultural soils, and help create guidelines to protect the environment from long-term accumulation of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Keshavarzi
- Laboratory of Remote Sensing and GIS, Department of Soil Science, University of Tehran, P.O.Box: 4111, 31587-77871, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Mining Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Ramban, Jammu, 182144, India
| | - Güneş Ertunç
- Department of Mining Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eric C Brevik
- Departments of Natural Sciences and Agriculture and Technical Studies, Dickinson State University, 291 Campus Drive, Dickinson, ND, 58061, USA.
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15
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Pollock SZ, St Clair CC. Railway-Associated Attractants as Potential Contaminants for Wildlife. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 66:16-29. [PMID: 32147802 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) appear to be attracted to natural and anthropogenic forage along railways, which may increase collision vulnerability, but also potentially causes exposure to contaminants associated with railway infrastructure. We assessed contaminant exposure for a vulnerable population of grizzly bears in the Canadian Rocky Mountains by determining if (1) dandelions (Taraxacum officinale) growing adjacent to a railway and grain spilled from hopper cars contain heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and mycotoxins and (2) metal concentrations from hair samples of individual bears correlates with use of the railway or other anthropogenic features. We used principle components analysis to represent 10 heavy metals and 16 PAHs and then compared their concentrations in railway-associated sources of grain and dandelions to reference samples that we purchased (grain) or sampled from nearby sites (dandelions). We also measured metal concentrations in the hair of bears that were captured and fitted with GPS collars. We found significantly higher concentrations in railway-associated samples of dandelion and grain for both metals (particularly lead, iron, and chromium), and the sum of 16 PAHs. Several metals and PAHs in railway-associated samples exceeded regulatory standards for soil or animal feed. Mycotoxins were detectable in grain samples, but occurred well below permissible standards. Metal concentrations in bear hair were not predicted by railway use, but higher metal concentrations occurred in male bears and two individuals that used ski hills during fall. As mitigation to reduce wildlife exposure to contaminants, particularly in protected areas, we encourage removal of railway grain deposits, regular maintenance of railway infrastructure, such as lubricating stations, and investigation of contaminants associated with other human infrastructures, such as ski hills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Zoey Pollock
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.
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17
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Hagmann DF, Kruge MA, Cheung M, Mastalerz M, Gallego JLR, Singh JP, Krumins JA, Li XN, Goodey NM. Environmental forensic characterization of former rail yard soils located adjacent to the Statue of Liberty in the New York/New Jersey harbor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:1019-1034. [PMID: 31302535 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Identifying inorganic and organic soil contaminants in urban brownfields can give insights into the adverse effects of industrial activities on soil function, ecological health, and environmental quality. Liberty State Park in Jersey City (N.J., USA) once supported a major rail yard that had dock facilities for both cargo and passenger service; a portion remains closed to the public, and a forest developed and spread in this area. The objectives of this study were to: 1) characterize the organic and inorganic compounds in Liberty State Park soils and compare the findings to an uncontaminated reference site (Hutcheson Memorial Forest); and 2) identify differences between the barren low-functioning areas and the forested high-functioning areas of the brownfield. Soil samples were solvent-extracted, fractionated, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and subjected to loss-on-ignition, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometry, and optical microscopy analyses. Compared to soil from the reference site, the forested soils in Liberty State Park contained elevated percentages of organic matter (30-45%) and more contaminants, such as fossil-fuel-derived hydrocarbons and coal particles. Microscopy revealed bituminous and anthracite coal, coke, tar/pitch, and ash particles. Barren and low-functioning site 25R had a similar organic contaminant profile but contained a higher metal load than other Liberty State Park sites and also lacked higher plant indicators. These can obscure the signatures of contaminants, and data from adjacent barren and vegetated sites are valuable references for soils studies. A deeper understanding of the chemistry, biochemistry, and ecology of barren soils can be leveraged to prevent land degradation and to restore dysfunctional and phytotoxic soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane F Hagmann
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Michael A Kruge
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA.
| | - Matthew Cheung
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Maria Mastalerz
- Indiana Geological and Water Survey, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Jay P Singh
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | | | - Xiaona N Li
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Nina M Goodey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA; PSEG Institute for Sustainability Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA.
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18
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Hapke WB, Black RW, Eagles-Smith CA, Smith CD, Johnson L, Ylitalo GM, Boyd D, Davis JW, Eldridge SLC, Nilsen EB. Contaminant Concentrations in Sediments, Aquatic Invertebrates, and Fish in Proximity to Rail Tracks Used for Coal Transport in the Pacific Northwest (USA): A Baseline Assessment. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 77:549-574. [PMID: 31538223 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Railway transport of coal poses an environmental risk, because coal dust contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), mercury, and other trace metals. In the Pacific Northwest of the United States, proposed infrastructure projects could result in an increase in coal transport by train through the Columbia River corridor. Baseline information is needed on current distributions, levels, and spatial patterns of coal dust-derived contaminants in habitats and organisms adjacent to existing coal transport lines. To that end, we collected aquatic surface sediments, aquatic insects, and juvenile fish in 2014 and 2015 from Horsethief Lake State Park and Steigerwald National Wildlife Refuge, both located in Washington state close to the rail line and within the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area. Two subsites in each area were selected: one close to the rail line and one far from the rail line. Detected PAH concentrations were relatively low compared with those measured at more urbanized areas. Some contaminants were measured at higher concentrations at the subsites close to the rail line, but it was not possible to link the contaminants to a definitive source. Trace metal concentrations were only slightly higher than background concentrations, but a few of the more sensitive benchmarks were exceeded, including those for arsenic, lead, and selenium in fish tissue and fluoranthene, cadmium, copper, manganese, nickel, zinc, iron, and arsenic in sediments. At Horsethief Lake, Chinook salmon and yellow perch showed lower total mercury body burdens than other species, but PAH body burdens did not differ significantly among species. Differences in the species caught among subsites and the low number of invertebrate samples rendered food web comparisons difficult, but these data show that the PAHs and trace metals, including mercury, are accumulating in these wetland sites and in some resident organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney B Hapke
- Oregon Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 2130 SW 5th Ave., Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Robert W Black
- Washington Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 934 Broadway, Suite 300, Tacoma, WA, 98402, USA
| | - Collin A Eagles-Smith
- Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center (FRESC), U.S. Geological Survey, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Cassandra D Smith
- Oregon Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 2130 SW 5th Ave., Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Lyndal Johnson
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
| | - Gina M Ylitalo
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
| | - Daryle Boyd
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
| | - Jay W Davis
- Washington Fish and Wildlife Office, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 510 Desmond Dr. SE, Suite 102, Lacey, WA, 98503, USA
| | - Sara L Caldwell Eldridge
- Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 3162 Bozeman Ave, Helena, MT, 59601, USA
| | - Elena B Nilsen
- Oregon Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 2130 SW 5th Ave., Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
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19
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Chen Z, Liu X, Ai Y, Chen J, Luo X, Yang S, Kang Z, Zhong S, Li W. How backfill soil type influencing on Cd and Pb migration in artificial soil on railway rock-cut slopes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 665:531-537. [PMID: 30776624 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) that accumulates in the surface soil of railway rock-cut slopes may migrate to nearby croplands. It is important to determine whether backfill soil type influences the transportation of Cd and Pb in the surface soil. Representative rock-cut slopes, backfill soil of 100% rock fragments, 100% agricultural soil, and 50% agricultural soil and 50% rock fragments (n = 2 for each type) were selected. The pollution and migration levels of Cd and Pb and the soil quality and erodibility were investigated. The soil concentrations of Cd and Pb on the rock-cut slopes were much higher than those of China soil quality standard. Soil erosion was the most important factor that influences the migration of Cd and Pb in the slopes. Increasing the percentage of agricultural soil in the backfill soil resulted in decreasing the diffusion of Cd and Pb by reducing soil erosion. The backfill soil affected the soil quality and erosion durability, which, in turn, affected the transportation of Cd and Pb in the runoff. The soil quality index (SQI) accurately reflects the soil quality and can serve as an indicator of the migration of Cd and Pb on the surface soil of the slopes. Therefore, agricultural soil was more appropriate to use as a backfill soil in slope revegetation practice than was the rock fragment, which was helpful for decreasing the environmental risk of Cd and Pb on the slopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqiong Chen
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yingwei Ai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Luo
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Shu Yang
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhen Kang
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shihong Zhong
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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20
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Goth A, Michelsen A, Rousk K. Railroad derived nitrogen and heavy metal pollution does not affect nitrogen fixation associated with mosses and lichens at a tundra site in Northern Sweden. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:857-865. [PMID: 30731311 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Traffic derived nitrogen (N) and heavy metal pollution is a well-known phenomenon, but little explored in otherwise pristine ecosystems such as subarctic tundra. Here, the main source of N input to the ecosystem is via N2 fixation by moss- and lichen-associated bacteria. While inhibitory effects of N deposition on moss-associated N2 fixation have been reported, we still lack understanding of the effects of traffic derived N and heavy metal deposition on this ecosystem function in an otherwise pristine setting. To test this, we established a distance gradient (0-1280 m) away from a metal pollution source -a railway transporting iron ore that passes through a subarctic birch forest. We assessed the effects of railway-derived pollution on N2 fixation associated with two moss species Pleurozium schreberi, Hylocomium splendens and with the lichen Peltigera aphthosa. Deposition and availability of N and heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb) as well as the respective contents in moss, lichen and soil was assessed. While we found a steep gradient in metal concentration in moss, lichen and soil with distance away from the pollution source, N deposition did not change, and with that, we could not detect a distance gradient in moss- or lichen-associated N2 fixation. Hence, our results indicate that N2 fixing bacteria are either not inhibited by heavy metal deposition, or that they are protected within the moss carpet and lichen tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Goth
- Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Section, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Section, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrin Rousk
- Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Section, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Cheng D, Tian Z, Feng L, Xu L, Wang H. Diversity analysis of the rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial communities of Senecio vulgaris L. (Asteraceae) in an invasive range. PeerJ 2019; 6:e6162. [PMID: 30643678 PMCID: PMC6327885 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has confirmed the importance of plant-associated bacteria for plant growth and productivity, and thus it is hypothesized that interactions between bacteria and alien plants might play an important role in plant invasions. However, the diversity of the bacterial communities associated with invasive plants is poorly understood. We therefore investigated the diversity of rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria associated with the invasive annual plant Senecio vulgaris L. (Asteraceae) based on 16S rRNA gene data obtained from 57 samples of four Senecio vulgaris populations in a subtropical mountainous area in central China. Significant differences in diversity were observed between plant compartments. Specifically, the rhizosphere harbored many more bacterial operational taxonomic units and showed higher alpha diversity than the leaf and root endospheres. The relative abundance profiles of the bacterial community composition differed substantially between the compartments and populations, especially at the phylum and family levels. However, the top five phyla (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria) accounted for more than 90% of all the bacterial communities. Moreover, similar endophytic communities with a shared core set of bacteria were observed from different Senecio vulgaris populations. Heavy-metal-resistant, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Brevundimonas diminuta), nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium leguminosarum), and cold-resistant bacteria (Exiguobacterium sibiricum) were present in the endosphere at relatively high abundance. This study, which reveals the structure of bacterial communities and their putative function in invasive Senecio vulgaris plants, is the first step in investigating the role of plant-bacteria interactions in the invasion of this species in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongsai Tian
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Feng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China
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Chen Z, Liu X, Ai Y, Chen J, Luo X, Chen J, Zhong S. Effects and mechanisms of revegetation modes on cadmium and lead pollution in artificial soil on railway rock-cut slopes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:1602-1611. [PMID: 30743872 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Artificial soil on railway rock-cut slopes may be considerably contaminated with cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), which may migrate to nearby croplands and pose substantial risks to human and animal health. We investigate the influence of three types of revegetation modes - herbs (HS); herbs and shrubs (HSS); and herbs, shrubs, and trees (HSTS) - on the transportation of these heavy metals in soils. Six representative rock-cut slopes were chosen, and the vegetation, pollutant concentration, phytostabilization, and simulated rainfall were investigated. The results indicated that Cd posed a considerable ecological risk, while Pb posed a low ecological risk in the artificial soil. The erosion of artificial soil on the slopes played a primary role in the migration of Cd and Pb, because 87-91% of Cd and 85-89% of Pb was lost in sediments. Revegetation modes significantly affected the transportation of Cd and Pb. HSTS controlled a lot of Cd in their dominant plants among the three revegetation modes. HSTS not only decreased enrichment factor (EF) and ecological risk (Er) values of Cd in the soils, but also decreased runoff, sediment and cumulative migrated Cd and Pb. The relationships among multi-factors were analyzed by stepwise mediation effect test and the results indicated that root weight density, aboveground biomass and immobilization of dominant plants for Cd and Pb were important direct factors which influenced the transportation of Cd and Pb. Overall, HSTS has proven to be beneficial in controlling the migration of Cd and Pb to croplands near the slopes and reducing their environmental risk. These results can offer a tested and implementable solution for mitigating the risks posed by these pollutants around the quickly expanding railways in the study region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqiong Chen
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yingwei Ai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Luo
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Jingyao Chen
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shihong Zhong
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, PR China
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Spatial Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Street Dust of Coal Railway Transportation Hubs: A Case Study in Yuanping, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122662. [PMID: 30486387 PMCID: PMC6313379 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Coal is a vital basic energy source in China, and rail serving is its major mode of transportation. Heavy metals in street dust surrounding the coal railway do harm to the environment and pose a potential risk to human health. This paper aims to identify the effects of coal transportation hubs on heavy metals in street dust. The geoaccumulation index and ecological risk index were used to assess the contamination levels of the following elements in Yuanping, Shanxi: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). The levels of contamination of these heavy metals in soils were compared to those in street dust, and the difference between the railway’s and mining’s impacts on dust’s heavy-metal concentrations was explored. The results indicated that Cr and Pb in street dust were mainly affected by coal railway transportation, and the interaction effect of coal railway transportation and mining was greater than either of them alone. A potential control and prevention zone for Cr and Pb extending 1 km to both sides of the railway was identified. This work proves that coal railway transportation has certain effect on heavy metals in street dust and provides a scientific approach for future environmental impact assessments of coal transportation via railway.
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Pal D, Maiti SK. Seasonal variation of heavy metals in water, sediment, and highly consumed cultured fish (Labeo rohita and Labeo bata) and potential health risk assessment in aquaculture pond of the coal city, Dhanbad (India). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:12464-12480. [PMID: 29460252 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The extent of heavy metal pollution and their impact on the various component of urban aquaculture pond (India) were investigated on the basis of seasonal variation. The water, sediment, and fish samples (Labeo rohita and Labeo bata) were collected and analyzed to assess the metal toxicity. In the sediment, geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), and ecological risk index (ERI) were calculated. The estimated daily dietary intake (EDI) for As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Pb, and Zn was estimated in adult and children on the basis an average amount of fish consumed by the Indian people and its associated health hazard with was also assessed in terms of target hazard quotients (THQs). The concentration of metals in all the analyzed samples was found higher during pre-monsoon season. While, in case of fish, L. bata species has higher metal accumulation rate during both the seasons than the L. rohita because of their bottom dweller feeding habit. The order of metals in L. bata muscles is Zn > Mn > Pb > Cr > As > Cd. The Igeo value for Zn (2.66 to 3.68) was found to be highest and followed by Cd (1.65 to 3.52) and Pb (1.52 to 2.55) indicating moderate to highly polluted sediment quality. The values of ERI were significantly high during pre-monsoon period and varied from 319 to 557, representing very high metal contamination. From the human health perspective, present study highlighted that the local inhabitants who rely on this valuable pond for fish consumption are exposed chronically to As and Pb pollution due to higher THQ values, especially from the intake of L. bata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Pal
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
| | - Subodh Kumar Maiti
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
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Zhang W, Ruirui L, Ai X, Chen J, Xu W, Li W, Ai Y. Enzyme activity and microbial biomass availability in artificial soils on rock-cut slopes restored with outside soil spray seeding (OSSS): Influence of topography and season. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 211:287-295. [PMID: 29408078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale railway construction has resulted in large areas of bare-cut-slope, and outside soil spray seeding (OSSS), a frequently used technique, has been adopted for slope restoration for many years. However, compared with natural slope soils, the quality of artificial soils on rock-cut slopes is low. Enzyme activity and microbial biomass are the main indices used for estimating soil quality; thus, our objective was to explore the influence of slope position, slope aspect, and season on two important factors that positively influence the plant growth capability in artificial soil. Further, we suggest modifications of the proportions of OSSS ingredients, not only to manage cut slopes more economically but also to provide a new framework for managing desertification. We chose a bare-cut-slope that had been restored five years ago near the Suiyu Railway (Chongqing-Suining), in Sichuan Province, China, as our study plot. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 10 cm. We conclude that natural slopes exhibited higher urease, sucrase, and catalase activity and higher microbial biomass than cut slopes. The protease and polyphenoloxidase enzyme activities and the microbial biomass were higher on the cut slopes in the months of October and January, with the highest protease activity in October, and the highest polyphenoloxidase activity in January. The enzyme activity and microbial biomass were always lower on lower slopes, with the exception of polyphenoloxidase activity. The slope aspect influenced soil enzyme activity, resulting in higher activity on north-facing slopes than on south-facing slopes. These results provided scientific support for artificial revegetation methods in an ecological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Li Ruirui
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Ai
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, PR China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wennian Xu
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yingwei Ai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, PR China.
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Guan ZH, Li XG, Wang L. Heavy metal enrichment in roadside soils in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:7625-7637. [PMID: 29285695 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of human activities on heavy metal pollution in soil have been less investigated on the Tibetan Plateau. The present study was designed to assess the effects of highway traffic on Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd enrichments in the 0-60-cm soil profile in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Soils were sampled at four transects (with an altitude range of 2643-2911 m) across the G212 highway and five transects (3163-3563 m) across the G213 highway. Background concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd to the 60-cm soil depth (measured at each transect 400 m away from highways) varied greatly among transects and between highways. However, this spatial variation in the heavy metal concentrations was not related to the altitude of the investigated areas. On each the left and right sides of G212 or G213, Cu, Zn, and Pb concentrations to the 60-cm depth, at 5, 10, 20, and 50 m away from the highway, were all generally greater than the respective metal background concentrations. Cd concentrations to the 20 cm on G212 or 60-cm soil depth on G213 increased prominently within a distance of 20 m away from the highways, compared to background values in different depths. From the curb to 400 m away from highways, concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd were generally higher in the upper than in the lower soil layers. This may suggest that other factors such as atmospheric deposition were also contributable to the accumulation of heavy metals in soil. The contamination factor (C f ) calculation showed that roadside soils to the 60-cm depth, within a distance of 50 m from the curbs of both G212 and G213, were moderately (1 ≤ C f < 3) contaminated with Cu, Zn, and Pb. The contamination from Cd mainly occurred (1 ≤ C f < 8) in the top 20 cm soil with a closer distance from the highways. Our results indicated that traffic effects in enriching heavy metals reached 60-cm depth in roadside soils on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. For assessment of heavy metal pollutions in soil in mountainous areas, it is necessary to in situ identify the background values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Huan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiao Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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27
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Gredilla A, Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo S, Gomez-Nubla L, Carrero JA, de Leão FB, Madariaga JM, Silva LFO. Are children playgrounds safe play areas? Inorganic analysis and lead isotope ratios for contamination assessment in recreational (Brazilian) parks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:24333-24345. [PMID: 28889400 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In city playgrounds, there is a potential risk of harming children's health by contamination coming from anthropogenic activities. With the aim to determinate the sources and the risk of hazardous elements, soil samples were collected in 19 selected playgrounds of different urban and rural areas from the Rio Grande do Sul state (Brazil). The concentration of 23 metals and metalloids and lead isotopic ratios were determined by ICP-MS. The methodology proposed here, firstly, classified the parks according to the average metal content by means of the NWACs (Normalized-and-Weighted Average Concentrations) and assess the contamination risk determining the Contamination Factors (CFs). Finally, statistical tools (correlation analysis and principal component analysis) were used to identify the most important contamination sources. The statistical tools used, together with lead isotopic composition analysis of the samples, revealed that coal combustion is the main source of contamination in the area. Vegetation was identified as a barrier for the contamination coming from the city. Nonetheless, some of the soils present a possible toxicological risk for humans. In fact, Cr, Sb, and Pb concentrations were higher than the Residential Intervention Values (VIRs) defined by the Environmental Protection Agency of the State of São Paulo, also in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Gredilla
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 2018, San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Silvia Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Leticia Gomez-Nubla
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Carrero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Felipe B de Leão
- Research Group in Environmental Management and Sustainability, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Universidad De la Costa, Calle 58, No. 55-56, 080002, Barranquilla, Atlantico, Colombia
| | - Juan Manuel Madariaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Research Group in Environmental Management and Sustainability, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Universidad De la Costa, Calle 58, No. 55-56, 080002, Barranquilla, Atlantico, Colombia
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Qian Y, Gallagher F, Deng Y, Wu M, Feng H. Risk assessment and interpretation of heavy metal contaminated soils on an urban brownfield site in New York metropolitan area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:23549-23558. [PMID: 28852949 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9918-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, soil samples were collected at 22 sites in Liberty State Park, New Jersey, in 2005, for metal enrichment and potential ecological risk assessment. The geoaccumulation index (I geo) showed that enrichment levels of trace metals followed an order of Cu > Pb > Zn > As > Cr > Hg while the potential ecological risk factor ([Formula: see text]) indicated that the potential ecological risk of the metals was in the order of Cu > Pb > As > Hg > Zn > Cr. Among these 22 sites, this investigation identified 9 sites at moderate ecological risk, 3 sites at considerable ecological risk, and 4 sites at high ecological risk according to the potential ecological risk index (RI). Hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) of soil metal concentrations separated the study sites into four groups, which are supported by the significant difference in RI values. Geographically, three regions in the Liberty State Park brownfield site were determined based on the CA results and RI values. Subarea 1 had low ecological risk while subareas 2 and 3 had a greater potential for ecological risk. Significant correlations of Pb with Cr and Zn were observed in subareas 2 and 3, respectively. This study shows that statistical approaches coupled with a risk assessment index provide a more comprehensive interpretation of land contamination than a single approach in support of planning land redevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qian
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, People's Republic of China
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA
| | - Frank Gallagher
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Urban Forestry Laboratory, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA
| | - Meiyin Wu
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA
| | - Huan Feng
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA.
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29
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Wang G, Zeng C, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Scott CA, Yan X. Traffic-related trace elements in soils along six highway segments on the Tibetan Plateau: Influence factors and spatial variation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 581-582:811-821. [PMID: 28088547 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of traffic-related trace elements in soil as the result of anthropogenic activities raises serious concerns about environmental pollution and public health. Traffic is the main source of trace elements in roadside soil on the Tibetan Plateau, an area otherwise devoid of industrial emissions. Indeed, the rapid development of tourism and transportation in this region means it is becoming increasingly important to identify the accumulation levels, influence distance, spatial distribution, and other relevant factors influencing trace elements. In this study, 229 soil samples along six segments of the major transportation routes on the Tibetan Plateau (highways G214, S308, and G109), were collected for analysis of eight trace elements (Cr, Co, Ni, As, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb). The results of statistical analyses showed that of the eight trace elements in soils, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb were primarily derived from traffic. The relationship between the trace element accumulation levels and the distance from the roadside followed an exponential decline, with the exception of Segment 3, the only unpaved gravel road studied. In addition, the distance of influence from the roadside varied by trace element and segment, ranging from 16m to 144m. Background values for each segment were different because of soil heterogeneity, while a number of other potential influencing factors (including traffic volume, road surface material, roadside distance, land cover, terrain, and altitude) all had significant effects on trace-element concentrations. Overall, however, concentrations along most of the road segments investigated were at, or below, levels defined as low on the Nemero Synthesis index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yili Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Christopher A Scott
- School of Geography & Development, Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Xuedong Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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30
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Comparative study of heavy metals content in cosmetic products of different countries marketed in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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31
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Wan D, Han Z, Yang J, Yang G, Liu X. Heavy Metal Pollution in Settled Dust Associated with Different Urban Functional Areas in a Heavily Air-Polluted City in North China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E1119. [PMID: 27834903 PMCID: PMC5129329 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding variations of heavy metals in atmospheric particles between different functional areas is significant for pollution control and urban planning in cities. To reveal pollution and spatial distribution of heavy metals in atmospheric particles from different urban functional areas in Shijiazhuang in North China, 43 settled dust samples were collected over the main urban area and heavy metal concentrations were determined in their <63 μm fractions using an ICP-OES. The results suggest that Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and V in the dust are not or slightly enriched and their concentrations vary slightly between different sites, implying their natural origins; whereas Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb are often notably enriched and their concentrations vary significantly between different functional areas, indicating their anthropogenic sources. Integrated pollution indexes (IPIs) of the ten heavy metals are 2.7-13.6 (5.7 ± 2.2), suggesting high or very high pollution levels of most dust. Relatively lower IPIs occur mainly in the administration-education area, the commercial area, and other unclassified sites; while peaks occur mainly in the North Railway Station, the northeastern industrial area, and some sites near heavily trafficked areas, implying the significant influence of intensive industrial (including coal combustion) and traffic activities on atmospheric heavy metal accumulation. These results suggest a clear need of mitigating atmospheric heavy metal pollution via controlling emissions of toxic metals (especially Cd and Pb) from industrial and traffic sources in the city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun Wan
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Zhangxiong Han
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Exploration and Utilization, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Jinsong Yang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China.
| | - Guanglin Yang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China.
| | - Xingqi Liu
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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Zheng YJ, Chen YP, Maltby L, Jin XL. Highway increases concentrations of toxic metals in giant panda habitat. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:21262-21272. [PMID: 27497849 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Qinling panda subspecies (Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis) is highly endangered with fewer than 350 individuals inhabiting the Qinling Mountains. Previous studies have indicated that giant pandas are exposed to heavy metals, and a possible source is vehicle emission. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cd, Hg, and As in soil samples collected from sites along a major highway bisecting the panda's habitat were analyzed to investigate whether the highway was an important source of metal contamination. There were 11 sites along a 30-km stretch of the 108th National Highway, and at each site, soil samples were taken at four distances from the highway (0, 50, 100, and 300 m) and at three soil depths (0, 5, 10 cm). Concentrations of all metals except As exceeded background levels, and concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, and Cd decreased significantly with increasing distance from the highway. Geo-accumulation index indicated that topsoil next to the highway was moderately contaminated with Pb and Zn, whereas topsoil up to 300 m away from the highway was extremely contaminated with Cd. The potential ecological risk index demonstrated that this area was in a high degree of ecological hazards, which were also due to serious Cd contamination. And, the hazard quotient indicated that Cd, Pb, and Mn especially Cd could pose the health risk to giant pandas. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that the highway was the main source of Cd, Pb, and Zn and also put some influence on Mn. The study has confirmed that traffic does contaminate roadside soils and poses a potential threat to the health of pandas. This should not be ignored when the conservation and management of pandas is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Juan Zheng
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi-Ping Chen
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China.
- Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 97, Yan-Xiang Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Lorraine Maltby
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, Sheffield, UK
| | - Xue-Lin Jin
- Shaanxi Rare Wildlife Conservation and Breeding Center, Zhouzhi, Xi'an, 710402, China
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Ayenimo JG, Adeloju SB. Rapid amperometric detection of trace metals by inhibition of an ultrathin polypyrrole-based glucose biosensor. Talanta 2015; 148:502-10. [PMID: 26653478 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and reliable inhibitive amperometric glucose biosensor is described for rapid trace metal determination. The biosensor utilises a conductive ultrathin (55 nm thick) polypyrrole (PPy) film for entrapment of glucose oxidase (GOx) to permit rapid inhibition of GOx activity in the ultrathin film upon exposure to trace metals, resulting in reduced glucose amperometric response. The biosensor demonstrates a relatively fast response time of 20s and does not require incubation. Furthermore, a complete recovery of GOx activity in the ultrathin PPy-GOx biosensor is quickly achieved by washing in 2mM EDTA for only 10s. The minimum detectable concentrations achieved with the biosensor for Hg(2+), Cu(2+), Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) by inhibitive amperometric detection are 0.48, 1.5, 1.6 and 4.0 µM, respectively. Also, suitable linear concentration ranges were achieved from 0.48-3.3 µM for Hg(2+), 1.5-10 µM for Cu(2+), 1.6-7.7 µM for Pb(2+) and 4-26 µM for Cd(2+). The use of Dixon and Cornish-Bowden plots revealed that the suppressive effects observed with Hg(2+) and Cu(2+) were via non-competitive inhibition, while those of Pb(2+) and Cd(2+) were due to mixed and competitive inhibition. The stronger inhibition exhibited by the trace metals on GOx activity in the ultrathin PPy-GOx film was also confirmed by the low inhibition constant obtained from this analysis. The biosensor was successfully applied to the determination of trace metals in tap water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Ayenimo
- NanoScience and Sensor Technology Research Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Samuel B Adeloju
- NanoScience and Sensor Technology Research Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Radziemska M, Fronczyk J. Level and Contamination Assessment of Soil along an Expressway in an Ecologically Valuable Area in Central Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:13372-87. [PMID: 26512684 PMCID: PMC4627036 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121013372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Express roads are a potential source of heavy metal contamination in the surrounding environment. The Warsaw Expressway (E30) is one of the busiest roads in the capital of Poland and cuts through the ecologically valuable area (Mazowiecki Natural Landscape Park). Soil samples were collected at distances of 0.5, 4.5 and 25 m from the expressway. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were determined in the soils by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry method (FAAS). Soils located in the direct proximity of the analyzed stretch of road were found to have the highest values of pH and electrical conductivity (EC), which decreased along with an increase in the distance from the expressway. The contents of Cd, Cu and Zn were found to be higher than Polish national averages, whereas the average values of Ni and Pb were not exceeded. The pollution level was estimated based on the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and the pollution index (PI). The results of Igeo and PI indexes revealed the following orders: Cu < Zn < Ni < Cd < Pb and Cu < Ni < Cd < Zn < Pb, and comparison with geochemical background values showed higher concentration of zinc, lead and cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Radziemska
- Department of Environmental Improvement, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Fronczyk
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Bobryk N. Поширення та акумуляція важких металів у ґрунтах призалізничних територій. BIOSYSTEMS DIVERSITY 2015. [DOI: 10.15421/011526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Виявлено закономірності поширення та акумуляції рухомих форм Cu, Pb, Zn і Ni у ґрунтах, що перебувають у зоні впливу одноколійної залізничної магістралі № 193 Чоп – Ужгород – Сянки – Львів (у межах Закарпатської області). За результатами наших досліджень установлено підвищений вміст важких металів у ґрунтах, відібраних на відстані до 25 м від залізничної колії. На віддаленні від залізничної колії виявлено тенденцію до зниження вмісту рухомих форм важких металів. На всіх відстанях від залізничної колії моніторингових ділянок проходить акумуляція сполук нікелю, цинку, свинцю та, частково, міді. На відстані 250 м вміст важких металів суттєво зменшується порівняно з іншими ґрунтами, однак усе ще відбувається часткова акумуляція сполук свинцю, цинку та нікелю. Найчастіше у ґрунтах призалізничних територій проходить акумуляція сполук цинку (76%), нікелю (76%) та свинцю (60%), рідше – міді (32%). За перевищенням фонових значень важкі метали у ґрунтах призалізничних територій можна розташувати у такий ряд: Zn = Ni > Pb > Cu.
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Ding M, Li L. Identification of traffic-related metals and the effects of different environments on their enrichment in roadside soils along the Qinghai-Tibet highway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 521-522:160-172. [PMID: 25835375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The road transportation could affect roadside soils environment detrimentally, including heavy metal enrichment. In order to identify and evaluate the enrichment of heavy metals resulted from road transportation on the Tibetan Plateau, the 11 heavy metals (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Rb, Pb and Tl) in the topsoil (0-10 cm depth) from four sites along the Qinghai-Tibet highway were discussed in this study. Our results indicate that heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb are related to road transportation. The content of most of these heavy metals in roadside soils decreased exponentially with the distance from the road, as did some of the Nemero Synthesis Indexes (PN values). The contamination factor for the traffic-related metals ranged from 0.56 (no pollution) to 5.67 (considerable pollution) and the Nemero Synthesis Indexes of these heavy metals ranged from 0.80 (no pollution) to 4.49 (severe pollution). Cd was of priority concern as it had the highest contamination factor. The highest PN value for these traffic-related heavy metals was found in soils at site TTH (alpine steppe). Although transportation contributed to the high contents of these traffic-related metals in roadside environments, regional differences such as wind and the terrain also had significant relationship with their enrichment in these roadside soils. The roadside distance at which there is a potential risk to livestock and wildlife from the contamination of soils by heavy metals should be determined scientifically along the Qinghai-Tibet highway, based on the different natural environments found in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Zhaofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence & Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Mingjun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Lanhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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Wierzbicka M, Bemowska-Kałabun O, Gworek B. Multidimensional evaluation of soil pollution from railway tracks. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:805-22. [PMID: 25762102 PMCID: PMC4387276 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Railway transport is a source of pollution to soils and living organisms by e.g. PAHs, PCBs, oil-derived products, pesticides and heavy metals. Soil toxicity evaluation requires chemical analyses, indicating the type and content of particular pollutants, as well as biological analyses, which allow assessing the reaction of organisms to these pollutants. This paper is focused on a multi-aspect evaluation of the degree of toxicity and pollution of soil in selected railway areas from north-eastern Poland by application of numerous biotests and chemical analyses. The soils were sampled on railway tracks from the following railway stations: Białystok Fabryczny, Siemianówka, Hajnówka, Iława Główna and Waliły. The most toxic soils occur on the railway tracks at Białystok Fabryczny and Siemianówka. They had a significant toxic effect on test organisms from various trophic levels. The contents of PAHs, PCBs, heavy metals, oil-derived hydrocarbons and pesticide residues were determined in the examined soils. In all cases the detected pollutants did not exceed the admissible levels. The highest content of oil-derived substances was noted in soils from Białystok Fabryczny and concentrations were moderate in soils from Siemianówka. Although the pollutants determined in soils from railway tracks did not exceed the admissible values, they had a toxic effect on numerous test organisms from different trophic levels. This suggests a synergistic effect of low concentrations (within the admissible levels) of several pollutants together, which resulted in a toxic effect on the organisms. Thus, there is a strong need of not only chemical, but also ecotoxicological analyses during the evaluation of environmental conditions. Based on data obtained from biological and chemical analyses, we concluded that railway transport may pose a hazard to the natural environment to a larger extent that hitherto expected.
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Vo PT, Ngo HH, Guo W, Zhou JL, Listowski A, Du B, Wei Q, Bui XT. Stormwater quality management in rail transportation--past, present and future. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 512-513:353-363. [PMID: 25638650 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Railways currently play an important role in sustainable transportation systems, owing to their substantial carrying capacity, environmental friendliness and land-saving advantages. Although total pollutant emissions from railway systems are far less than that of automobile vehicles, the pollution from railway operations should not be underestimated. To date, both scientific and practical papers dealing with stormwater management for rail tracks have solely focused on its drainage function. Unlike roadway transport, the potential of stormwater pollution from railway operations is currently mishandled. There have been very few studies into the impact of its operations on water quality. Hence, upon the realisation on the significance of nonpoint source pollution, stormwater management priorities should have been re-evaluated. This paper provides an examination of past and current practices of stormwater management in the railway industry, potential sources of stormwater pollution, obstacles faced in stormwater management and concludes with strategies for future management directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Tram Vo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Andrzej Listowski
- Sydney Olympic Park Authority, 7 Figtree Drive, Sydney, NSW 2127, Australia
| | - Bin Du
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Xuan Thanh Bui
- Faculty of Environment, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Division of Environmental Engineering and Management, Ton Duc Thang University, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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Gupta SK, Chabukdhara M, Kumar P, Singh J, Bux F. Evaluation of ecological risk of metal contamination in river Gomti, India: a biomonitoring approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 110:49-55. [PMID: 25194696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of heavy metal pollution in river Gomti and associated ecological risk. River water, sediments and locally abundant mollusk (Viviparus (V.) bengalensis) were sampled from six different sites and analyzed for seven metals: Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn). Mean metal concentrations (mg/l) in river water were 0.024 for Cd, 0.063 for Cr, 0.022 for Cr, 0.029 for Mn, 0.044 for Ni, 0.018 for Pb and 0.067 for Zn. In river sediments, the concentrations (mg/kg dry wt) were 5.0 for Cd, 16.2 for Cr, 23.2 for Cr, 203.2 for Mn, 23.9 for Ni, 46.2 for Pb and 76.3 for Zn, while in V. bengalensis mean metal concentrations (mg/kg, dry wt) were 0.57 for Cd, 12.0 for Cr, 30.7 for Cu, 29.9 for Mn, 8.8 for Ni, 3.6 for Pb and 48.3 for Zn. Results indicated elevated concentrations of Cu, Zn and Mn in V. bengalensis as compared to other non-essential elements. Potential ecological risk (RI) in sediments showed high to very high metal contamination. Cluster analysis indicated that Pb, Zn, Cd and Ni in sediments may have anthropogenic sources. The findings thus suggest heavy metal contamination of river water and sediments have reached alarming levels, which is well corroborated by elevated level of metal accumulation in V. bengalensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Gupta
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, South Africa.
| | | | - Praveen Kumar
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, South Africa
| | | | - Faizal Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, South Africa
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Chen Z, Ai Y, Fang C, Wang K, Li W, Liu S, Li C, Xiao J, Huang Z. Distribution and phytoavailability of heavy metal chemical fractions in artificial soil on rock cut slopes alongside railways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 273:165-73. [PMID: 24727018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Artificial soil is often sprayed onto cut slopes alongside railroad tracks to promote revegetation. This study evaluated the heavy metal content and the distribution of heavy metal chemical fractions in the soil, as well as the uptake of heavy metals by plants. The soil at four sites was determined to be considerably contaminated with Cd and Pb. The concentrations of Cd and Pb increased with the length of time the railway had been in use and decreased further away from the railway tracks. Pb primarily existed in reducible form but as residual fractions, whereas Cd was predominantly in exchangeable form. A correlation analysis indicated that pH, organic matter, and total phosphorus levels were important factors affecting the distribution of the heavy metal chemical fractions. The amounts of exchangeable Pb and Cd in the soil were highly correlated with their amounts in the plants sampled, indicating that the exchangeable fraction is a better indication of heavy metal phytoavailability than the total amount of heavy metals in the soil. Bioaccumulation and translocation factors indicated that Indigofera amblyantha had moderate tolerance and bioaccumulation capability for Pb, as did Leucaena leucocephala for Cd. These two plant species can serve as ideal slope remediation plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, PR China; Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yingwei Ai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Chen Fang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Kexiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shui Liu
- Shenzhen Tiehan Ecological Environment Limited Liability Company, Shenzhen 518040, PR China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Qingdao Guanzhong Ecological Limited Liability Company, Qingdao 266102, PR China
| | - Jingyao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, PR China
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Chen Z, Wang K, Ai YW, Li W, Gao H, Fang C. The effects of railway transportation on the enrichment of heavy metals in the artificial soil on railway cut slopes. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:1039-1049. [PMID: 24072526 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in the artificial soils on the railway cut slopes may have great influence on the revegetation of the cut slopes. The purpose of this study was to assess the variation of heavy metal contamination levels with railway operation time and analyze their possible resources. A total of 100 soil samples from four cut slopes, which were affected by railway transportation for different years, were analyzed for metal pollution (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe). The concentrations of Cd, Pb showed increasing trend with increasing operation time of railways, while such trend was not found in Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe. According to the soil quality standard of China, Cd was considered to have considerable contamination, while Pb has less, but Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe have none. Moreover, cadmium exhibited remarkably higher levels rather than those reported in other studies. Enrichment factors and ecological index showed that Cd and Pb showed a moderate enrichment and a considerable ecological risk in most of the soil samples. The results of descriptive statistic, principal component analysis, cluster analysis and correlation analysis were totally consistent with each other. Their results revealed that Cr, Cu, Zn and Fe had common origins, and they may come from natural resources. While Cd and Pb were significantly influenced by railway transportation, leaked cargos, fuel combustion, the use of lubricate oils and sleeper impregnation oils during railway transportation may be their main resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Traffic-related trace element accumulation in roadside soils and wild grasses in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 11:456-72. [PMID: 24380977 PMCID: PMC3924454 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This research examines traffic-source trace elements accumulations and distributions in roadside soils and wild grasses in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A total of 100 soil samples and 100 grass samples including Achnatherum splendens, Anaphalis nepalensis, Artemisia sphaerocephala, Carex moorcroftii, Iris lacteal, Kobresia myosuroides, Oreosolen wattii, Oxytropis ochrocephala and Stellera chamaejasme were collected at 100 sites from different road segments. The contents of metals and metalloids, including Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, Ni and As, in the soil and grass samples were analyzed using ICP-MS. The total mean concentrations of the eight trace elements in soils are Cu (22.84 mg/kg), Zn (100.56 mg/kg), Cd (0.28 mg/kg), Pb (28.75 mg/kg), Cr (36.82 mg/kg), Co (10.24 mg/kg), Ni (32.44 mg/kg) and As (21.43 mg/kg), while in grasses are Cu (9.85 mg/kg), Zn (31.47 mg/kg), Cd (0.05 mg/kg), Pb (2.06 mg/kg), Cr (14.16 mg/kg), Co (0.55 mg/kg), Ni (4.03 mg/kg) and As (1.33 mg/kg). The metal and metalloid concentrations in the nine grass species were all below the critical values of hyperaccumulators. The mean values and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) results indicate that: (1) the concentrations of the trace elements in the soils are higher than those in the grasses, (2) the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb in the soils decrease as the roadside distance increases, (3) the concentrations of trace elements in the grasses are the highest at 10 m from the road edge, (4) the higher the traffic volume, the higher the concentrations of the trace elements in the roadside soils and grasses, and (5) when the land cover is meadow, the lower the sand content in the soil, the lower the trace element concentrations. With a trace element’s bioavailability represented by its transfer factor (TF) from the soil to the grass, the TFs of the eight trace elements are not in the same orders for different grass species.
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Carrero JA, Arrizabalaga I, Bustamante J, Goienaga N, Arana G, Madariaga JM. Diagnosing the traffic impact on roadside soils through a multianalytical data analysis of the concentration profiles of traffic-related elements. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 458-460:427-34. [PMID: 23685368 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The road traffic has become one of the most serious environmental problems in many cities and the main source of pollution of urban soils. To diagnose properly the magnitude of such impacts on roadside soils, eight urban and metropolitan soils were selected as a function of traffic density, distance to the road and years of operation, for which the concentration of 60 elements (major, minor and trace elements) were measured by semi-quantitative ICP-MS after acid digestion, as a first step in assessing the traffic impact. With this information, a comprehensive study was carried out focusing on the quantitative analysis of the concentration of 46 elements from the 8 sampling areas, analyzing the vertical and horizontal distributions of the metals in the roadside soils. The chemometric analysis showed that only the traffic-related elements accumulate in topsoil and present a high decreasing profile with depth and the distance to the road; however, this clear behavior takes places only in old roads that have undergone the traffic impact for a long time, but not in new roads or roads with low traffic density. Finally, the geoaccumulation indexes are suggested to be used instead of the local guidelines to assess the pollution state of the roadside soils, especially for the emerging trace elements like Antimony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Carrero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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Wyszkowski M, Radziemska M. Assessment of Tri- and Hexavalent Chromium Phytotoxicity on Oats ( Avena sativa L.) Biomass and Content of Nitrogen Compounds. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2013; 224:1619. [PMID: 23853394 PMCID: PMC3706738 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-013-1619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of soil contamination with tri- and hexavalent chromium and soil application of compost, zeolite, and CaO on the mass of oats and content of nitrogen compounds in different organs of oats. The oats mass and content of nitrogen compounds in the crop depended on the type and dose of chromium and alleviating substances incorporated to soil. In the series without neutralizing substances, Cr(VI), unlike Cr(III), had a negative effect on the growth and development of oats. The highest doses of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) stimulated the accumulation of total nitrogen but depressed the content of N-NO3- in most of organs of oats. Among the substances added to soil in order to alleviate the negative impact of Cr (VI) on the mass of plants, compost had a particularly beneficial effect on the growth and development of oats. The application of compost, zeolite, and CaO to soil had a stronger effect on the content of nitrogen compounds in grain and straw than in roots. Soil enrichment with either of the above substances usually raised the content of nitrogen compounds in oats grain and straw, but decreased it in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Wyszkowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 4, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maja Radziemska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 4, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Ding M. Heavy metal enrichment in the soil along the Delhi-Ulan section of the Qinghai-Tibet railway in China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:5435-5447. [PMID: 23114917 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The pollutants that are discharged from roads and traffic have attracted much attention recently. Nonetheless, most studies have mainly focused on highways and seldom on railways. In this study, soil samples were selected at the embankment and perpendicularly at different distances (2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, and 150 m) from the embankment bottom of the Qinghai-Tibet railway. Furthermore, soils were selected at four soil depths (5, 10, 20, and 30 cm) of each sample at the flat. The enrichment of nine heavy metals (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Cd, and Pb) in soils along the Delhi-Ulan section of the Qinghai-Tibet railway was studied. The results indicated that the mean concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd were highest at the embankment. The Cu concentrations in soils decreased by an S-curve-shaped function with increasing distance from the embankment, while Cd, Pb, and Zn decreased by inverse functions (p < 0.0001). The concentrations of other studied metal did not show significant changes with increasing distance. After performing a statistical analysis, Pb, Cd, and Zn in soils were considered to be influenced by railway operations. However, the influence was weak and only spanned less than 5 m from the bottom of the embankment horizontally and 10 cm from the surface vertically. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in soils along the Delhi-Ulan section of the Qinghai-Tibet railway were considered lower compared with those along other railways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research (IGSNRR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 11 A, Datun Road, Anwai, Beijing, 100101, China
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Accumulations of heavy metals in roadside soils close to zhaling, eling and nam co lakes in the tibetan plateau. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:2384-400. [PMID: 23749055 PMCID: PMC3717742 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10062384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of four typical heavy metals (Cu; Zn; Cd and Pb) in roadside soils close to three lakes in the Tibetan Plateau were investigated in this study. The hierarchical tree-based regression method was applied to classify concentrations of the heavy metals and analyze their potential influencing factors. It was found that the Tibetan Plateau meadow soils with higher content of sand lead to higher concentrations of Cu; Zn and Pb. The concentrations of Cd and Pb increase with road traffic volume; and for the road segments with higher traffic volume; the Cd and Pb concentrations significantly decrease with the roadside distance. Additionally; the concentrations of Zn and Pb increase as the altitude of sampling site increases. Furthermore; the Hakanson potential ecological risk index method was used to assess the contamination degree of the heavy metals for the study regions. The results show that accumulations of Cu; Zn and Pb in roadside soils remain an unpolluted level at all sites. However; the Cd indices in the regions with higher traffic volume have reached a strong potential ecological risk level; and some spots with peak concentrations have even been severely polluted due to traffic activities.
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Hu Z. The effects of the Qinghai-Tibet railway on heavy metals enrichment in soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 439:240-8. [PMID: 23079687 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The impact of land transportation on local soil environments is an important topic in environmental and ecological sciences. The rapid development of transportation infrastructure lends increasing importance to studies that identify and evaluate related heavy metal pollution. This paper discusses the effects of railways on soil heavy metal enrichments in the Tibetan plateau. At a representative area along the Haergai-Delingha railway, lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, chromium, nickel, cobalt, and vanadium were measured in 127 topsoil samples (0-10 cm depth). The results indicate that railway transport has a significant effect on the concentration of Zn, Cd and Pb in the soil, with levels of enrichment ranging from no pollution to significant pollution. The affected area was within 20 m of the railway. The soil at Delingha was the most contaminated soil with heavy metals, and the enrichment level of Cd in the soil was the highest along the Qinghai-Tibet railway. The horizontal distributions of the three heavy metals present different characteristics at different sampling sites, which may be due to discrepancies in terrain and vegetation types. Alkaline soils and guardrails along the railway might reduce the effect of soil pollution on local people and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
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48
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Traffic related metal distribution profiles and their impact on urban soils. URBAN ENVIRONMENT 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2540-9_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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49
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Wiłkomirski B, Sudnik-Wójcikowska B, Galera H, Wierzbicka M, Malawska M. Railway transportation as a serious source of organic and inorganic pollution. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2011; 218:333-345. [PMID: 21743755 PMCID: PMC3096763 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-010-0645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Hg, Fe, Co, Cr, Mo) contents were established in soil and plant samples collected in different areas of the railway junction Iława Główna, Poland. Soil and plant samples were collected in four functional parts of the junction, i.e. the loading ramp, main track within platform area, rolling stock cleaning bay and the railway siding. It was found that all the investigated areas were strongly contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The PAH contamination of the soil was the highest in the railway siding and in the platform area (59,508 and 49,670 μg kg(-1), respectively). In the loading ramp and cleaning bay, the PAH concentration in soil was lower but still relatively very high (17,948 and 15,376 μg kg(-1), respectively). The contamination in the railway siding exceeded the average control level up to about 80 times. In the soil of all the investigated areas, four- and five-ring PAHs prevailed. The concentrations of PAHs were determined in four dominating species of plants found at the junction. The highest concentration was found in the aerial parts of Taraxacum officinale (22,492 μg kg(-1)) growing in the cleaning bay. The comparison of the soil contamination with PAHs in the investigated railway junction showed a very significant increase of the PAHs level since 1995. It was found that the heavy metal contamination was also very high. Pb, Zn, Hg and Cd were established at the highest levels in the railway siding area, whereas Fe concentration was the highest in the platform area. A significant increase in mercury content was observed in the cleaning bay area. The investigations proved very significant increase of contamination with PAHs and similar heavy metals contamination in comparison with the concentration determined in the same areas 13 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Wiłkomirski
- Institute of Botany, University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - H. Galera
- Institute of Botany, University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Wierzbicka
- Institute of Botany, University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Malawska
- Institute of Botany, University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
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50
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Ayenimo JG, Yusuf AM, Adekunle AS, Makinde OW. Heavy metal exposure from personal care products. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 84:8-14. [PMID: 19789830 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have described human exposure to heavy metals from diverse sources in Nigeria, but little is known about the exposure from personal care products, and few or no report is available on the personal care product concentrations of cadmium, chromium, copper and zinc, which have biotic effects. The levels of these elements were determined in 74 samples of 5 different classes of personal care products commonly used in Nigeria using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Significant levels of Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn were found in all the products. The highest values of Cd (0.553 ppm) and Cu (0.783 ppm) were observed in hair cream, while medicated cream was mostly implicated for Cr (0.383 ppm) and Zn (0.793 ppm). Since no limit relating to cosmetic products is available, it is difficult to ascertain if the values of metals obtained in this study are too high or low; but Cd and Cr are prohibited in any amount in cosmetics. Prolonged use of soaps and creams containing these elements may pose threat to human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Ayenimo
- Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
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