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Mathur J, Panwar R. Synergistic effect of pyrene and heavy metals (Zn, Pb, and Cd) on phytoremediation potential of Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa) in multi-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:21012-21027. [PMID: 38383928 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The environment in India is contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to the occurrence of large anthropogenic activities, i.e., fuel combustion, mineral roasting, and biomass burning. Hence, 13 toxic PAHs were detected: phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and benz(a) anthracene, ben-zo; (b) fluoranthene, benzo(k) fluoranthene, benzo(a) pyrene, benzo(ghi)perylene, dibenz (ah) anthracene, indeno1,2,3-(cd) pyrene, coronene and coronene in the environment (i.e., ambient particulate matter, road dust, sludge, and sewage) of the most industrialized area. Pollutants such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons co-contaminate the soil and pose a significant hazard to the ecosystem because these pollutants are harmful to both humans and the environment. Phytoremediation is an economical plant-based natural approach for soil clean-up that has no negative impact on ecosystems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pyrene (500 mg kg-1), Zn (150 mg kg-1), Pb (150 mg kg-1), and Cd (150 mg kg-1) alone and in combination on the phytoextraction efficiency of Medicago sativa growing in contaminated soil. Plant biomass, biochemical activities, translocation factors, accumulation of heavy metals, and pyrene removal were determined. After 60 days of planting, compared with those of the control plants, the growth parameters, biomass, and chlorophyll content of the M. sativa plants were significantly lower, and the reactive oxygen species activity, such as proline and polyphenol content and metallothionein protein content, was markedly greater in the pyrene and heavy metal-polluted soils. Furthermore, the combined toxicity of pyrene and all three metals on M. sativa growth and biochemical parameters was significantly greater than that of pyrene, Zn, Pb, or Cd alone, indicating the synergistic effect of pyrene and heavy metals on cytotoxicity. Pyrene stress increased Cd accumulation in M. sativa. After pyrene exposure alone or in combination with Zn-pyrene, a greater pyrene removal rate (85.5-81.44%) was observed than that in Pb-pyrene, Cd-pyrene, and Zn-Pb-Cd-pyrene polluted soils (62.78-71.27%), indicating that zinc can enhance the removal of pyrene from contaminated soil. The resulting hypotheses demonstrated that Medicago sativa can be used as a promising phytoremediation agent for co-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Mathur
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Ritu Panwar
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
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Williams-Clayson AM, Vane CH, Jones MD, Thomas R, Kim AW, Taylor C, Beriro DJ. Characterisation of former manufactured gas plant soils using parent and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and Rock-Eval(6) pyrolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 339:122658. [PMID: 37778490 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Soils sampled from 10 former manufactured gas plants (MGP) in the UK were investigated using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and Rock-Eval (6) Pyrolysis (RE). RE is a screening tool used to characterise bulk organic matter in soils via the release of carbon compounds during pyrolysis and oxidation. Both the distributions and concentrations of 30 parent and 21 alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the parameters of RE were analysed to establish relationships between soils and the MGP processes history. Principal component analysis (PCA) using the PAHs distributions and RE parameters can assist with differentiating between MGP processes. MGP processes utilizing oil provided the clearest results, attributed to petrogenic signatures with high proportions of low molecular weight PAHs. Processes using lower temperature processes were distinguished by higher proportions of high molecular weight PAHs. RE parameters alone were unable to distinguish MGP processes but showed potential in estimating the lability and thus the amount of PAH that could be released from soils. This research provides new insights that may be useful in understanding and characterising the risks posed to human health from PAHs in soils.
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Li W, Zhu Y, Li K, Wang L, Li D, Liu N, Huang S. Synergistic remediation of phenanthrene-cadmium co-contaminants by an immobilized acclimated bacterial-fungal consortium and its community response. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139234. [PMID: 37327827 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation has tremendous potential to mitigate the serious threats posed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs). In the present study, nine bacterial-fungal consortia were progressively acclimated under different culture conditions. Among them, a microbial consortium 1, originating from activated sludge and copper mine sludge microorganisms, was developed through the acclimation of a multi-substrate intermediate (catechol)-target contaminant (Cd2+, phenanthrene (PHE)). Consortium 1 exhibited the best PHE degradation, with an efficiency of 95.6% after 7 d of inoculation, and its tolerance concentration for Cd2+ was up to 1800 mg/L within 48 h. Bacteria Pandoraea and Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, as well as fungi Ascomycota and Basidiomycota predominated in the consortium 1. Furthermore, a biochar-loaded consortium was constructed to better cope with the co-contamination behavior, which exhibited excellent adaptation to Cd2+ ranging of 50-200 mg/L. Immobilized consortium efficiently degraded 92.02-97.77% of 50 mg/L PHE within 7 d while removing 93.67-99.04% of Cd2+. In remediation of co-pollution, immobilization technology improved the bioavailability of PHE and dehydrogenase activity of the consortium to enhance PHE degradation, and the phthalic acid pathway was the main metabolic pathway. As for Cd2+ removal, oxygen-containing functional groups (-OH, C=O, and C-O) of biochar or microbial cell walls and EPS components, fulvic acid and aromatic proteins, participated through chemical complexation and precipitation. Furthermore, immobilization led to more active consortium metabolic activity during the reaction, and the community structure developed in a more favorable direction. The dominant species were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Fusarium, and the predictive expression of functional genes corresponding to key enzymes was elevated. This study provides a basis for combining biochar and acclimated bacterial-fungal consortia for co-contaminated site remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhu
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Kang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
| | - Dan Li
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shaomeng Huang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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Yang C, Hao Y, Wang H. Antimony and naphthalene can be simultaneously leached from a combined contaminated soil using carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin as a biodegradable eluant. RSC Adv 2023; 13:12742-12749. [PMID: 37114031 PMCID: PMC10126743 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00581j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the removal efficiency of antimony (Sb) and naphthalene (Nap) from a combined contaminated soil by carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CMCD) leaching and reveal its remediation mechanisms by FTIR and 1H NMR analyses. The results show that the highest removal efficiencies of Sb and Nap were 94.82% and 93.59%, respectively, with a CMCD concentration of 15 g L-1 at a pH of 4 and a leaching rate of 2.00 mL min-1 over an interval-time of 12 h. The breakthrough curves show that CMCD had a stronger inclusion capacity of Nap than Sb, and Sb could enhance the adsorption capacity of Nap, while Nap weakened the adsorption of Sb during CMCD leaching. Furthermore, the FTIR analysis suggests that the removal of Sb from combined contaminated soil involved complexation with the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on CMCD, and the NMR analysis suggests that the inclusion of Nap occurred. These results indicate that CMCD is a good eluant for remediating soil contaminated by a combination of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and its remediation mechanisms depend on the complexation reactions between the surface functional groups and inclusion reactions in the internal cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China +86-21-65986313 +86-21-65983869
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University 1239 Siping Road Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Yanzhang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China +86-21-65986313 +86-21-65983869
| | - Hanyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China +86-21-65986313 +86-21-65983869
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Distribution and source assignments of polycyclic aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in sediments and biota of the Lafayette River, VA. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:47527-47543. [PMID: 36740615 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Lafayette River comprises a tidal sub-estuary constrained by an urban watershed that is bounded by residential areas at its upper reaches and port activity at its mouth. We determined the concentrations and distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aliphatic n-alkanes across 19 sites from headwaters to river mouth in surface sediments (0-2 cm). Potential atmospheric sources were investigated through the analysis of wet and dry deposition samples and intact coals from a major export terminal nearby. The potential consequences for human consumption were examined through analysis of native oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and blue crab tissues (Callinectes sapidus). A suite of up to 66 parent and alkyl-substituted PAHs were detected in Lafayette sediments with total concentrations ranging from 0.75 to 39.00 µg g-1 dry wt. Concentrations of aliphatic n-alkanes (n-C16 - n-C31) ranged from 4.94 to 40.83 μg g-1 dry wt. Source assignment using diagnostic ratios and multivariate source analysis suggests multiple sources contribute to the hydrocarbon signature in this metropolitan system with automotive and atmospheric transport of coal dust as the major contributors. Oyster tissues showed similar trends as PAHs observed in sediments indicating similar sources to water column particles which ultimately accumulate in sediments with crabs showing altered distributions as a consequence of metabolism.
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Lu YT, Zhang Y, Xiang XX, Zhang SC, Yao H. Combined pollution of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil in Shenfu Region, China: a case of three different cities. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:167. [PMID: 36449123 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is a challenging issue to investigate the combined pollution of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban soils. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of these two pollutants in soils in Shenyang, Fushun, and Fushun New District, to analyze their distribution, their interaction, and co-contamination levels. The concentrations of heavy metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), while the concentrations of 21 kinds of PAH were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the analysis of pollution concentrations and distribution patterns, the intrinsic links between heavy metals and PAHs in three different cities were assessed using a variety of multivariate analysis methods. Compared to Shenfu New District, the concentration of pollutants in Shenyang and Fushun shows a higher level. Moreover, the results of redundancy analysis (RDA) of samples may quantify the possibility of combined pollution of different heavy metal elements and PAHs. This study also affirms the important role of multivariate analysis in being used to reveal the complex interactions and spatial distribution of different pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Tao Lu
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xin-Xin Xiang
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, China
- China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Shi-Chao Zhang
- Energy Saving & Environmental Protection &, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hong Yao
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Zhang Z, Zhang X, Peng X, Li Z, Chen H, Zhang X, Gong Y, Tan C, Li H. The simultaneous removal of co-contaminants pyrene and Cu (II) from aqueous solutions by Fe/Mn bimetallic functionalized mesoporous silica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:71100-71112. [PMID: 35595898 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the co-contamination of heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has attracted more and more attention, and finding efficient and coordinated removal method has been the hot focus. In this study, Fe/Mn-SBA15 bimetallic mesoporous silica adsorbent (Fe/Mn-SBA15) was prepared by hydrothermal method with the functional groups Fe and Mn simultaneously doped into the framework structure of SBA15. Fe/Mn-SBA15 was systematically characterized by XRD, TEM, and BET and used in removal of typical PAHs-pyrene and heavy metal-Cu (II) from aqueous solutions simultaneously. The single and binary adsorption behaviors were studied by kinetics, isotherm, pH, and ionic strength. The results showed that the functional groups of Fe and Mn were successfully loaded into the structure of SBA15 and the prepared adsorbent was still a typical mesoporous adsorbent. The adsorption of pyrene and Cu (II) onto Fe/Mn-SBA15 was fast and the adsorption equilibrium was achieved in 100 min. The Langmuir model fitted the adsorption isotherm better and the maximum adsorption capacities for pyrene and Cu (II) were 120 mg/g and 10.52 mg/g, respectively. The increase of ionic strength could enhance and decrease the adsorption capacity of pyrene and Cu (II), which may be attributed to salting-out effect and potassium competitive. With the increase of pH values, the negative charge on the surface of the adsorbent increased, resulting in the decrease and increase of adsorption capacity of pyrene and Cu (II) onto Fe/Mn-SBA15. In addition, Fe/Mn-SBA15 was found to have a synergistic effect on the adsorption of pyrene and Cu (II). This result is mainly due to the formation of hydration complex by pyrene-Cu (II) through cation-π interaction, which increases the adsorption capacity by occupying each other's adsorption sites of adsorbent. This study provides a new method for the synergistic removal of PAHs and HMs from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 1 Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoxian Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 1 Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifei Li
- Beijing General Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongrui Chen
- CRRC Environmental Science & Technology Cooperation, Beijing, 100067, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongwei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaohong Tan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 1 Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 1 Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China
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Mazarji M, Minkina T, Sushkova S, Mandzhieva S, Barakhov A, Barbashev A, Dudnikova T, Lobzenko I, Giannakis S. Decrypting the synergistic action of the Fenton process and biochar addition for sustainable remediation of real technogenic soil from PAHs and heavy metals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 303:119096. [PMID: 35248616 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility and the relevance of combining biochar with the Fenton process for the simultaneous improvement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation and immobilization of heavy metals (HMs) in real soil remediation processes at circumneutral pH. The evaluation of PAHs degradation results was performed through multivariate statistical tools, including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS). PCA showed that the level of biochar amendment decisively affected the degree of degradation of total PAHs, highlighting the role of biochar in catalyzing the Fenton reaction. Moreover, the PLS model was used to interpret the important features of each PAH's physico-chemical properties and its correlation to degradation efficiency. The electron affinity of PAHs correlated positively with the degradation efficiency only if the level of biochar amendment sat at 5%, explained by the ability of biochar to transfer the electrons to PAHs, improving the Fenton-like degradation. Moreover, the addition of biochar reduced the mobilization of HMs by their fixation on their surface, reducing the Fenton-induced metal leaching from the destruction of metal-organic complexes. In overall, these results on the high immobilization rate of HMs accompanied with additional moderate PAHs degradation highlighted the advantages of using a biochar-assisted Fenton-like reaction for sustainable remediation of technogenic soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mazarji
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russian Federation.
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russian Federation
| | | | - Anatoly Barakhov
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Barbashev
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russian Federation
| | - Tamara Dudnikova
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russian Federation
| | - Iliya Lobzenko
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russian Federation
| | - Stefanos Giannakis
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil: Hidráulica, Energía y Medio Ambiente, Unidad docente Ingeniería Sanitaria, c/ Profesor Aranguren, s/n, ES, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Improved remediation of co-contaminated soils by heavy metals and PAHs with biosurfactant-enhanced soil washing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3801. [PMID: 35260619 PMCID: PMC8904480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the huge toxicity of co-contaminated soil with PAHs and heavy metals and the complexity of their remediation, it is thus critical to take effective remediation actions to remove heavy metals and PAHs simultaneously from the co-contaminated soil. Biosurfactant-enhanced soil washing (BESW) were investigated in this study for remediation of soil co-contaminated with phenanthrene (PHE) and cadmium (Cd). The co-existence of PHE and Cd caused the change of the structure of soil and rhamnolipid micelle, which lead to different removal rate of PHE and Cd from co-contaminated soil compared with single contaminated soil. The results of FT-IR and NMR showed that PHE entered micelles of rhamnolipid and Cd formed the complexation with the external carboxyl groups of rhamnolipid micelle. We also found that pH, concentration of rhamnolipid solution, temperature and ionic strength had influence on co-contaminated soil remediation. The effects of above mentioned four factors on co-contaminated soil remediation in BESW processes were analyzed by using Taguchi design of experiment method. Taguchi based Grey Relational Analysis was conducted to identify the optimal remediation conditions, which included pH = 9, concentration of rhamnolipid = 5 g/L, temperature = 15 °C and ionic strength = 0.01 M. Under the optimal conditions for BESW, removal rates of cadmium and phenanthrene reached 72.4% and 87.8%, respectively in co-contaminated soil.
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Xu K, Wang H, Li P. The cadmium toxicity in gills of Mytilus coruscus was accentuated by benzo(a)pyrene of higher dose but not lower dose. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 249:109128. [PMID: 34237427 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In natural environment, the existence of interactions of toxic mixtures could induce diverse biochemical pathways and consequently exert different toxicological responses in aquatic organisms. However, little information is available on the effects of combined xenobiotics on lower aquatic invertebrates. Here, we assessed the effects of cadmium (Cd, 0.31 mg/L) as well as the mixture of Cd (0.31 mg/L) and benzo(a)pyrene (Bap, 5 or 50 μg/L) on bioaccumulation, antioxidant, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and metallothionein (MT) responses in gills of thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus. Upon exposed to single Cd, the metal bioaccumulation, antioxidant enzymes activities, LPO and MT level significantly increased in the gills, suggesting an apparent toxicity to mussels. The interaction of Cd + 5 μg/L Bap did not significantly alter these endpoints compared to single Cd. However, once the dose of Bap elevated to 50 μg/L, the induction of bioaccumulation, antioxidant system and LPO was even more pronounced while the induction of MT was remarkably inhibited, implying an accentuated toxicity. Collectively, the current results demonstrated that 0.31 mg/L Cd exposure resulted in severe toxicity to mussels despite of the induction of MT system to alleviate the metal toxicity. Once the Cd exposure combined with Bap, the lower dose of Bap could not change the Cd toxicity while the higher dose of Bap accentuated the toxicity by inhibiting metallothionein synthesis. These findings might provide some useful clues for elucidation the mechanism of the interaction of combined xenobiotics in molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaida Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources for Key Fishing Grounds, MOA, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhejiang, Zhoushan 316021, China.
| | - Haoxue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources for Key Fishing Grounds, MOA, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhejiang, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources for Key Fishing Grounds, MOA, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhejiang, Zhoushan 316021, China
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Li N, Liu R, Chen J, Wang J, Hou L, Zhou Y. Enhanced phytoremediation of PAHs and cadmium contaminated soils by a Mycobacterium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:141198. [PMID: 33254925 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated Fire Phoenix (Festuca L.) and Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench inoculated with a Mycobacterium strain N12 in remediation of soils contaminated with both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and cadmium (Cd). Plant growth and PAH and Cd removal were monitored in 60, 120, and 150 days after transplanting. Results showed that Fire Phoenix plants grown in soil containing 200 mg/kg PAHs and 15 mg/kg Cd inoculated with N12 were able to remove 76.3% PAHs compared to removal of 68.3% of PAHs by the plants without N12 inoculation. On day 150, the underground biomass of Fire Phoenix plants grown in soil inoculated with N12 increased 59.40% compared to that without N12 inoculation. The enhanced removal of PAH by Fire Phoenix and N12 was related to the improved rhizosphere microbial activities. However, inoculation of N12 to E. purpurea grown soil did not significantly improve the removal of PAHs and Cd. Our results showed that phytoremediation of PAHs and Cd can be enhanced by a Mycobacterium strain N12, especially when PLFA concentrations of bacteria and fungi exceeded 60% of the initial concentrations, but the enhancement is plant species dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Environmental Horticulture and Mid-Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Biology, Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Shenyang 110021, Liaoning, China
| | - Liqun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuemei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
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Gran-Scheuch A, Ramos-Zuñiga J, Fuentes E, Bravo D, Pérez-Donoso JM. Effect of Co-contamination by PAHs and Heavy Metals on Bacterial Communities of Diesel Contaminated Soils of South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111749. [PMID: 33171767 PMCID: PMC7695015 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diesel oil is the main source of energy used in Antarctica. Since diesel is composed of toxic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals, it represents a constant threat to the organisms inhabiting this continent. In the present study, we characterized the chemical and biological parameters of diesel-exposed soils obtained from King George Island in Antarctica. Contaminated soils present PAH concentrations 1000 times higher than non-exposed soils. Some contaminated soil samples also exhibited high concentrations of cadmium and lead. A 16S metagenome analysis revealed the effect of co-contamination on bacterial communities. An increase in the relative abundance of bacteria known as PAH degraders or metal resistant was determined in co-contaminated soils. Accordingly, the soil containing higher amounts of PAHs exhibited increased dehydrogenase activity than control soils, suggesting that the microorganisms present can metabolize diesel. The inhibitory effect on soil metabolism produced by cadmium was lower in diesel-contaminated soils. Moreover, diesel-contaminated soils contain higher amounts of cultivable heterotrophic, cadmium-tolerant, and PAH-degrading bacteria than control soils. Obtained results indicate that diesel contamination at King George island has affected microbial communities, favoring the presence of microorganisms capable of utilizing PAHs as a carbon source, even in the presence of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gran-Scheuch
- BioNanotechnology and Microbiology Lab, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica # 330, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (A.G.-S.); (J.R.-Z.)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer # 1007, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Javiera Ramos-Zuñiga
- BioNanotechnology and Microbiology Lab, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica # 330, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (A.G.-S.); (J.R.-Z.)
| | - Edwar Fuentes
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer # 1007, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Denisse Bravo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone Pohlhammer # 943, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - José M. Pérez-Donoso
- BioNanotechnology and Microbiology Lab, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology (CBIB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica # 330, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (A.G.-S.); (J.R.-Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Boente C, Baragaño D, Gallego JR. Benzo[a]pyrene sourcing and abundance in a coal region in transition reveals historical pollution, rendering soil screening levels impractical. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115341. [PMID: 32854063 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a hazardous compound for human health and for environmental compartments. Its transfer and deposition through the atmosphere affects soil quality. In this context, we quantified the content of BaP and other Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soils of a prominent Coal Region in Transition to test whether the soil screening levels in force are realistic and whether they reflect the complexity of regions closely linked to heavy industries and mining. In this regard, soil screening levels are thresholds often established without considering historical anthropogenic activities that affect soil (diffuse pollution). The 150 soil samples studied showed a notable content of high molecular weight PAHs, and BaP surpassed the threshold levels in practically the entire area. PAH-parent diagrams revealed a relatively homogenous fingerprint of four clusters obtained in a multivariate statistical study. In addition, molecular diagnostic ratios pointed to coal combustion as the main pollution source, whereas only some outliers appeared to be related to specific spills. A BaP threshold was calculated to be 0.24 mg kg-1, over 10 times the limit established in Spain. Finally, a factor analysis revealed a positive correlation of BaP with elements usually emitted in coal combustion processes, such as Tl and V. This observation fosters the hypothesis of a historical and indelible pollution fingerprint in soils whose sources, characteristics and potential environmental and health concerns deserve further attention. All things considered, caution should be taken when using soil screening levels in regions associated with coal exploitation and heavy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Boente
- INDUROT and Environmental Technology, Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group Campus de Mieres, Universidad de Oviedo, 33600, Mieres, Spain
| | - D Baragaño
- INDUROT and Environmental Technology, Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group Campus de Mieres, Universidad de Oviedo, 33600, Mieres, Spain
| | - J R Gallego
- INDUROT and Environmental Technology, Biotechnology and Geochemistry Group Campus de Mieres, Universidad de Oviedo, 33600, Mieres, Spain.
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14
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Chen J, Xia X, Chu S, Wang H, Zhang Z, Xi N, Gan J. Cation-π Interactions with Coexisting Heavy Metals Enhanced the Uptake and Accumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Spinach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:7261-7270. [PMID: 32434324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have considered the effect of co-occurring heavy metals on plant accumulation of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), and less is known about the role of intermolecular interactions. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of Cu/Zn effects on hydroponic uptake of four deuterated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs-d10) by spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Both solubility enhancement experiment and quantum mechanical calculations demonstrated the existence of [PAH-Cu(H2O)0-4]2+ and [2·PAH-Cu(H2O)0-2]2+ via cation-π interactions when Cu2+ concentration was ≤100 μmol/L. Notably, PAH-d10 concentrations in both roots and shoots increased significantly with Cu2+ concentration. This was because the formation of phytoavailable PAH-Cu2+ complexes decreased PAH-d10 hydrophobicity and consequently decreased their sorption onto dissolved organic carbon (DOC, i.e., root exudates), thereby increasing phytoavailable concentrations and uptake of PAHs-d10. X-ray absorption near-edge structure analysis showed that PAH-Cu2+ complexes could enter defective spinach roots via apoplastic pathway. However, Zn2+ and PAHs-d10 cannot form the cation-π interactions because of the high desolvation penalty of Zn2+. Actually, Zn2+ decreased the spinach uptake of PAHs-d10 due to the increase of DOC induced by Zn. This work provides molecular insights into how metals could selectively affect the plant uptake of HOCs and highlights the importance of considering the HOC phytoavailability with coexisting metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shengqi Chu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhenrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Nannan Xi
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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15
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Wu Z, Zhang L, Xia T, Jia X, Wang S. Heavy metal pollution and human health risk assessment at mercury smelting sites in Wanshan district of Guizhou Province, China. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23066-23079. [PMID: 35520318 PMCID: PMC9054694 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01004a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wanshan district of Guizhou Province has a long history of mercury mining and smelting. Previous studies have been carried out on heavy metal (HM) pollution in the soil around Wanshan (such as in urban and farmland areas), but these studies have not been conducted at mercury smelting sites. In this study, the distribution characteristics of As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Sb, Pb and Zn and their sources in the shallow stratum (<10 m) of the mercury smelting site in the Wanshan district were analyzed. Human health risks were evaluated using deterministic risk assessment (DRA) and probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) models. The contribution rates of different HM sources to human health risks were also calculated. The maximum HM concentration in mercury smelting site soil occured in the shallow soil (0-1 m), and the concentration sequences were as follows: 358.51 mg kg-1 (Hg) > 248.6 mg kg-1 (Zn) > 67.42 mg kg-1 (As) > 59.04 mg kg-1 (Ni) > 57.56 mg kg-1 (Pb) > 49.59 mg kg-1 (Cr) > 46.65 mg kg-1 (Sb) > 15.65 mg kg-1 (Cu) > 2.02 mg kg-1 (Be) > 0.78 mg kg-1 (Cd). The variable coefficients (CVs) were 1.64 (As), 0.67 (Be), 3.15 (Cd), 1.89 (Cr), 0.95 (Cu), 3.08 (Hg), 0.79 (Ni), 1.41 (Sb), 0.68 (Pb) and 1.13 (Zn), respectively. The HM concentrations in deep soils (9 m) still exceed the local background values, suggesting that heavy metals in shallow soil have migrated downward in the site. Three pollution sources identified with the shallow soil (0-1 m) HMs using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, were mercury smelting and coal combustion mixed sources (As, Hg and Zn), parent material sources (Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd and Sb) and wastewater discharge sources (Cu and Pb), respectively. DRA indicated that oral ingestion was the main pathway affecting the carcinogenic risk (CR) and hazard quotient (HQ) of heavy metals. The total-CR of twenty-five sampling points is between 1.219 × 10-6 and 3.446 × 10-4, and the total-HQ is between 0.37 and 43.56. PRA results indicated that DRA will underestimate the health risk of all populations in Guizhou Province, especially female, and BWa is the most influential variable for the PRA results. Smelting and coal combustion mixed sources contributed the most CR (99.29%) and with an HQ of 89.38% were the major sources of pollution affecting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wu
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites 100037 Beijing China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites 100037 Beijing China
| | - Tianxiang Xia
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites 100037 Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyang Jia
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites 100037 Beijing China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites 100037 Beijing China
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16
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Orazi MM, Arias AH, Oliva AL, Ronda AC, Marcovecchio JE. Characterization of atmospheric and soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and evaluation of air-soil relationship in the Southwest of Buenos Aires province (Argentina). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124847. [PMID: 31568948 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) proposed by the US EPA as priority were analyzed in air and soil samples in the Southwest of Buenos Aires, Argentina, in order to study the levels, distribution, sources and fugacity ratios of PAHs, evaluating the relationship between them. For this, 10 passive air samplers (XAD-2® resin) were deployed along the area and replaced three-monthly from January to December 2015. PAHs were analyzed through gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results obtained showed that total PAHs levels (∑16) ranged from 27.97 to 1052.99 ng m-3 and from 52.40 to 2118.34 ng. g-1 d.w. for air and soil samples, respectively. The highest air- PAHs levels were registered in Bahía Blanca city (1052.99 ng. m-3, d.w.) an urban-industrial site, while the highest soil-PAHs levels were found in La Vitícola (2118.34 ng. g-1, d.w.), a rural location closed to a high traffic national route. For all sites the highest levels were observed during the winter; however, both spatial and temporal variations were only statistically significant for certain specific PAHs. Diagnostic ratios + PCA, determined dominance of pyrolytic sources. Further, data showed that source of PAHs could be attributed to vehicular and industrial emissions (observed in all periods), biomass combustion (linked mainly to warm period) and domestic emissions (linked mainly to cold period). Finally, fugacity ratios resulted <1, indicating that soil and air samples were not in equilibrium for the majority of PAHs determining a net tendency of air PAHs towards deposition while soil acted principally as a sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina M Orazi
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7.5, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Andrés H Arias
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7.5, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional Del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Ana L Oliva
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7.5, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Ana C Ronda
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7.5, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional Del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Jorge E Marcovecchio
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7.5, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Universidad de La Fraternidad de Agrupaciones Santo Tomás de Aquino, Gascón 3145, 7600, Mar Del Plata, Argentina; Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, FRBB, 11 de Abril 445, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (ANCEFN), Av. Alvear 1711, 4to Piso, 1014, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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17
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Saeedi M, Li LY, Grace JR. Simultaneous removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals from natural soil by combined non-ionic surfactants and EDTA as extracting reagents: Laboratory column tests. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 248:109258. [PMID: 31325789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous removal of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (acenaphthene, fluorene and fluoranthene) co-existing with three heavy metals (Ni, Pb and Zn) in artificially contaminated soil from the vicinity of an oil refinery was examined by column flushing of solutions containing Triton X-100 + Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and Tween 80 + EDTA at three levels of surfactant concentrations. While the effectiveness of both combined solutions in removal of heavy metals did not differ significantly, Triton X-100 + EDTA was more efficient in removing PAHs. Results showed that after 21 pore volume flushing of enhancing solution (Triton X-100 7.5% + EDTA 0.01 M) at flow rate of 0.534 mL min-1 through the column with hydraulic conductivity of 8.5 × 10-5 cm s-1, 54, 47 and 40% of acenaphthene, fluorene, and fluoranthene were removed simultaneously. At the same conditions, 75, 85 and 90% of Pb, Ni and Zn, were also simultaneously removed. Increasing the flow rate of flushing solution decreased the removal efficiency of the contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saeedi
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Loretta Y Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - John R Grace
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Subashchandrabose SR, Venkateswarlu K, Venkidusamy K, Palanisami T, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Bioremediation of soil long-term contaminated with PAHs by algal-bacterial synergy of Chlorella sp. MM3 and Rhodococcus wratislaviensis strain 9 in slurry phase. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:724-731. [PMID: 31096402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of soil contaminated with pollutants using biological agents is more a sustainable and greener approach as compared to physico-chemical technologies. We recently confirmed that a microalga, Chlorella sp. MM3, and a bacterium, Rhodococcus wratislaviensis strain 9, can degrade high-molecular weight PAHs. In this study, an algal-bacterial system of these two strains was developed by long-term growth on a mixture of phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). In a soil spiked with 50 mg L-1 phenanthrene, 10 mg L-1 of pyrene and 10 mg L-1 of BaP, the algal-bacterial system degraded these PAHs almost completely in slurry phase within 30 days. Also, the algal-bacterial system was able to successfully remediate these three PAHs in a soil long-term contaminated with 245.1 mg kg-1 of 16 PAHs and several heavy metals under slurry phase in 21 days. Use of such appropriate assays as chlorophyll estimation for the microalga and semi-quantitative PCR for the bacterium confirmed survival of both the strains during soil bioremediation. Moreover, the residual toxicity test involving Escherichia coli DH5α that expresses green fluorescent protein indicated the successful bioremediation of PAHs-contaminated soil in slurry phase. For the first time, here we demonstrate the great potential of an algal-bacterial synergy in bioremediation of soil long-term contaminated with PAHs even in the presence of toxic heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh R Subashchandrabose
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 18, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515055, India
| | - Krishnaveni Venkidusamy
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes SA5095, Australia
| | - Thavamani Palanisami
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 18, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 18, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 18, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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19
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Kanda A, Ncube F, Hwende T, Makumbe P. Assessment of trace element contamination of urban surface soil at informal industrial sites in a low-income country. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:2617-2633. [PMID: 29845395 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements released by human activity are ubiquitously detected in surface soil. The trace element contamination statuses of 20 sampling stations at two busy informal industrial sites of Harare city, Zimbabwe, were evaluated using geochemical indices. Spectrophotometric determinations of concentrations of trace elements in surface soil indicated generally higher values than the reference site and the average upper earth's crust. High contamination factors were observed for trace elements across sampling stations at Gazaland and Siyaso informal industrial sites. Concentrations exhibited heterogeneous distribution of trace elements in surface soil varying with the nature of activity at a sampling station. The pollution load index and degree of contamination suggested highly contaminated surface soil with Cd, Cu and Pb particularly where the following activities were done: (1) welding, (2) automobile maintenance and (3) waste dumping. These results may be very important to reduce soil contamination. Paving surfaces may help to reduce dispersal of trace elements deposited on surface soil to other stations and minimise human exposure via inhalation and contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artwell Kanda
- Department of Environmental Science, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag. 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe.
| | - France Ncube
- Department of Environmental Science, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag. 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe
| | - Tamuka Hwende
- Department of Environmental Science, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag. 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe
| | - Peter Makumbe
- Zimbabwe College of Forestry, Research and Training Division, Forestry Commission, P.O. Box 997, Mutare, Zimbabwe
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20
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Zhao S, Yang Q, Wang B, Peng Y, Zhan J, Liu L. Effects of combined exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids and heavy metals on bioaccumulation and subcellular distribution in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) from co-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:29335-29344. [PMID: 30121767 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of combined exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and heavy metals (HMs) including cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were investigated. The results have demonstrated that the concentrations of labile acid exchangeable Cd, Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cu in soil were enhanced in addition of PFAAs. With PFAAs, the uptake of Cd, Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cu in earthworms was increased compared to those without PFAAs with the order of Cd > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu. In the presence of HMs, the average biota-to-soil accumulation factors (BSAFs) of PFAAs in earthworms were decreased by 0.498-0.729 times for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and 0.606-0.978 times for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), indicating decrease rates of PFOS were higher than those of PFOA. And different levels of HMs led to insignificant different responses on the inhibiting effects of PFAAs uptake in earthworms. The increase of Cd in fraction C (associated with cytosol) and decrease of PFAAs in fraction C and fraction P (associated with tissue fragments, cell membranes, and intact cells) especially for fraction C were revealed when they were combined, suggesting cytosolic PFAAs and Cd were susceptibly mutual effected. This study indicated that PFAAs and metals mutually affected their bioaccumulation and subcellular distribution in earthworms, which will help to understand the fate and risks of PFAAs and metals in co-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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21
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Pan YJ, Lin YC, Yu BF, Zu YG, Yu F, Tang ZH. Transcriptomics comparison reveals the diversity of ethylene and methyl-jasmonate in roles of TIA metabolism in Catharanthus roseus. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:508. [PMID: 29966514 PMCID: PMC6029152 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The medicinal plant, Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus), accumulates a wide range of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs). Ethylene (ET) and methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) were previously reported as effective elicitors for the production of various valuable secondary metabolites of C. roseus, while a few ET or MeJA induced transcriptomic research is yet reported on this species. In this study, the de-novo transcriptome assembly of C. roseus is performed by using the next-generation sequencing technology. Results The result shows that phenolic biosynthesis genes respond specifically to ET in leaves, monoterpenoid biosynthesis genes respond specifically to MeJA in roots. By screening the database, 23 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter partial sequences are identified in C. roseus. On this basis, more than 80 key genes that encode key enzymes (namely TIA pathway, transcriptional factor (TF) and candidate ABC transporter) of alkaloid synthesis in TIA biosynthetic pathways are chosen to explore the integrative responses to ET and MeJA at the transcriptional level. Our data indicated that TIA accumulation is strictly regulated by the TF ethylene responsive factor (ERF) and bHLH iridoid synthesis 1 (BIS1). The heatmap, combined with principal component analysis (PCA) of C. roseus, shows that ERF co-expression with ABC2 and ABC8 specific expression in roots affect the root-specific accumulation of vinblastine in C. roseus. On the contrast, BIS1 activities follow a similar pattern of ABC3 and CrTPT2 specific expression in leaves, which affects the leaf-specific accumulation of vindoline in C. roseus. Conclusions Results presented above illustrate that ethylene has a stronger effect than MeJA on TIA induction at both transcriptional and metabolite level. Furthermore, meta-analysis reveals that ERF and BIS1 form a positive feedback loop connecting two ABC transporters respectively and are actively involved in TIAs responding to ET and MeJA in C. roseus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4879-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ying-Chao Lin
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Research, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Bo-Fan Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yuan-Gang Zu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Fang Yu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Zhong-Hua Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Cargouët M, Jeannee N, Vidart B, Gregori P. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in environmental media potentially impacted by reused or stored creosote-treated railway ties. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:17409-17424. [PMID: 29654466 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Disused creosote-treated railway ties are reused in France and many other countries and, in particular, for landscaping and other residential uses. Given the lack of data on the environmental fate of creosote-derived compounds released from used railway ties, a survey of different environmental media (i.e. soil, sediment, surface water, plants and outdoor air) was carried out at six sites located in France where old creosote-treated railway ties are stored or reused for different purposes. Maximum total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations measured in soils ranged from 2 to 140 mg/kg dry weight. PAH impacts were limited both vertically and horizontally to several centimetres from the railway ties. At two sites, PAH levels in plants (up to 140 μg/kg fresh weight) appeared correlated to the levels measured in soils, suggesting a transfer from soils to the plants. PAHs in sediment were measured at concentrations of up to 280 mg/kg dry weight. As observed in soil, PAH concentrations decreased rapidly further away from the railway ties. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering on principal components indicate that PAHs detected in soils and sediments originated from unweathered to severely weathered creosote and could be strongly influenced by urban background. Results on outdoor air measurements show a degradation of air quality above old and fresh railway tie storage areas at a railway station and to a lesser extent in their vicinity. However, this degradation was low to moderate when compared to French regulatory values, ambient background levels reported in France, as well as health-based air comparison values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Cargouët
- AECOM France, 10 Place de Belgique, 92250, La Garenne-Colombes, France.
| | - Nicolas Jeannee
- Geovariances, 49bis Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 77215, Avon cedex, France
- Dassault Systèmes, 10 rue Marcel Dassault, CS 40501, 78946, Vélizy-Villacoublay cedex, France
| | - Bertrand Vidart
- AECOM France, 10 Place de Belgique, 92250, La Garenne-Colombes, France
| | - Patrizia Gregori
- SNCF RESEAU, Département Lignes Voie Environnement, 6 avenue François Mitterrand, 93574, La Plaine Saint Denis, France
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Gosai HB, Sachaniya BK, Dudhagara DR, Rajpara RK, Dave BP. Concentrations, input prediction and probabilistic biological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) along Gujarat coastline. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:653-665. [PMID: 28801833 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-0011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive investigation was conducted in order to assess the levels of PAHs, their input prediction and potential risks to bacterial abundance and human health along Gujarat coastline. A total of 40 sediment samples were collected at quarterly intervals within a year from two contaminated sites-Alang-Sosiya Shipbreaking Yard (ASSBRY) and Navlakhi Port (NAV), situated at Gulf of Khambhat and Gulf of Kutch, respectively. The concentration of ΣPAHs ranged from 408.00 to 54240.45 ng g-1 dw, indicating heavy pollution of PAHs at both the contaminated sites. Furthermore, isomeric ratios and principal component analysis have revealed that inputs of PAHs at both contaminated sites were mixed-pyrogenic and petrogenic. Pearson co-relation test and regression analysis have disclosed Nap, Acel and Phe as major predictors for bacterial abundance at both contaminated sites. Significantly, cancer risk assessment of the PAHs has been exercised based on incremental lifetime cancer risks. Overall, index of cancer risk of PAHs for ASSBRY and NAV ranged from 4.11 × 10-6-2.11 × 10-5 and 9.08 × 10-6-4.50 × 10-3 indicating higher cancer risk at NAV compared to ASSBRY. The present findings provide baseline information that may help in developing advanced bioremediation and bioleaching strategies to minimize biological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haren B Gosai
- Department of Life Sciences, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364001, India
| | - Bhumi K Sachaniya
- Department of Life Sciences, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364001, India
| | - Dushyant R Dudhagara
- Department of Life Sciences, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364001, India
| | - Rahul K Rajpara
- Department of Life Sciences, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364001, India
| | - Bharti P Dave
- Department of Life Sciences, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364001, India.
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25
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Liu X, Cao L, Wang Q, Zhang X, Hu X. Effect of tea saponin on phytoremediation of Cd and pyrene in contaminated soils by Lolium multiflorum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:18946-18952. [PMID: 28656573 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tea saponin (TS), a kind of green biosurfactant produced by plants, was added into the Cd-pyrene co-contaminated soils to evaluate its influence on phytoremediation of Cd and pyrene by Lolium multiflorum. The results showed that the accumulation of pyrene in L. multiflorum was significantly promoted by the TS. Compared with no TS treatments (PL and ML), the aboveground concentrations of pyrene in TS treatments (PLT and MLT) increased by 135 and 30%, respectively, and the underground concentrations of pyrene in TS treatments (PLT and MLT) increased by 40 and 25%. The concentrations of Cd in the aboveground and underground parts in single contaminated treatments were all significantly more than those in co-contaminated treatments, while the situation of pyrene was quite the reverse. Besides, the addition of TS enhanced activities of dehydrogenase and polyphenol oxidase in soils and increased the biomass of L. multiflorum. The micromorphology of L. multiflorum was not affected by TS. The study suggests that the use of L. multiflorum with TS is an alternative technology for remediation of Cd-pyrene co-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99, Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Liya Cao
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99, Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99, Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99, Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Xiaoxin Hu
- Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99, Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
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Jiao S, Luo Y, Lu M, Xiao X, Lin Y, Chen W, Wei G. Distinct succession patterns of abundant and rare bacteria in temporal microcosms with pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:497-505. [PMID: 28336094 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the driving forces behind the temporal dynamics of abundant and rare microbes is essential for understanding the assembly and succession of microbial communities. Here, we explored the successional trajectories and mechanisms of abundant and rare bacteria via soil-enrichment subcultures in response to various pollutants (phenanthrene, n-octadecane, and CdCl2) using time-series Illumina sequencing datasets. The results reveal different successional patterns of abundant and rare sub-communities in eighty pollutant-degrading consortia and two original soil samples. A temporal decrease in α-diversity and high turnover rate for β-diversity indicate that deterministic processes are the main drivers of the succession of the abundant sub-community; however, the high cumulative species richness indicates that stochastic processes drive the succession of the rare sub-community. A functional prediction showed that abundant bacteria contribute primary functions to the pollutant-degrading consortia, such as amino acid metabolism, cellular responses to stress, and hydrocarbon degradation. Meanwhile, rare bacteria contribute a substantial fraction of auxiliary functions, such as carbohydrate-active enzymes, fermentation, and homoacetogenesis, which indicates their roles as a source of functional diversity. Our study suggests that the temporal succession of microbes in polluted microcosms is mainly associated with abundant bacteria rather than the high proportion of rare taxa. The major forces (i.e., stochastic or deterministic processes) driving microbial succession could be dependent on the low- or high-abundance community members in temporal microcosms with pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yantao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Mingmei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yanbing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Weimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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27
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Jiao S, Zhang Z, Yang F, Lin Y, Chen W, Wei G. Temporal dynamics of microbial communities in microcosms in response to pollutants. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:923-936. [PMID: 28012222 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms underlying microbial succession is a major goal of microbial ecology research. Given the increasing human pressure on the environment and natural resources, responses to the repeated introduction of organic and inorganic pollutants are of particular interest. To investigate the temporal dynamics of microbial communities in response to pollutants, we analysed the microbial community structure in batch microcosms that were inoculated with soil bacteria following exposure to individual or combined pollutants (phenanthrene, n-octadecane, phenanthrene + n-octadecane and phenanthrene + n-octadecane + CdCl2 ). Subculturing was performed at 10-day intervals, followed by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. The dynamics of microbial communities in response to different pollutants alone and in combination displayed similar patterns during enrichment. Specifically, the repression and induction of microbial taxa were dominant, and the fluctuation was not significant. The rate of appearance for new taxa and the temporal turnover within microbial communities were higher than the rates reported in other studies of microbial communities in air, water and soil samples. In addition, conditionally rare taxa that were specific to the treatments exhibited higher betweenness centrality values in the co-occurrence network, indicating a strong influence on other interactions in the community. These results suggest that the repeated introduction of pollutants could accelerate microbial succession in microcosms, resulting in the rapid re-equilibration of microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhengqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Forestry Pests Biological Control, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yanbing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Weimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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28
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Song M, Yang Y, Jiang L, Hong Q, Zhang D, Shen Z, Yin H, Luo C. Characterisation of the phenanthrene degradation-related genes and degrading ability of a newly isolated copper-tolerant bacterium. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:1059-1067. [PMID: 27889087 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A copper-tolerant phenanthrene (PHE)-degrading bacterium, strain Sphingobium sp. PHE-1, was newly isolated from the activated sludge in a wastewater treatment plant. Two key genes, ahdA1b-1 encoding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase (PAH-RHDɑ) and xyLE encoding catechol-2,3-dioxygenase (C23O), involved in the PHE metabolism by strain PHE-1 were identified. The PAH-RHD gene cluster showed 96% identity with the same cluster of Sphingomonas sp. P2. Our results indicated the induced transcription of xylE and ahdA1b-1 genes by PHE, simultaneously promoted by Cu(II). For the first time, high concentration of Cu(II) is found to encourage the expression of PAH-RHDɑ and C23O genes during PHE degradation. Applying Sphingomonas PHE-1 in PHE-contaminated soils for bioaugmentation, the abundance of xylE gene was increased by the planting of ryegrass and the presence of Cu(II), which, in turn, benefited ryegrass growth. The best performance of PHE degradation and the highest abundance of xylE genes occurred in PHE-copper co-contaminated soils planted with ryegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Song
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Longfei Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qing Hong
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hua Yin
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunling Luo
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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29
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Interactive effects of PAHs and heavy metal mixtures on oxidative stress in Chlorella sp. MM3 as determined by artificial neural network and genetic algorithm. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Huang Y, Fulton AN, Keller AA. Simultaneous removal of PAHs and metal contaminants from water using magnetic nanoparticle adsorbents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 571:1029-1036. [PMID: 27450251 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many industrial wastewaters are contaminated with both heavy metal ions and organic compounds, posing a major threat to public health and the environment. In this study, magnetic nanoparticle adsorbents, namely Mag-PCMA-T, which contain a maghemite core and a silica mesoporous layer that permanently confines surfactant micelles within the mesopores, were synthesized to achieve simultaneous removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (1mg/L) and metal contaminants (1mg/L). The individual removal efficiency of Cd(2+) and acenaphthene using Mag-PCMA-T was evaluated under a range of initial ion concentrations and adsorbent dosages, as well as the competitive adsorption with Cd(2+) and acenaphthene simultaneously present. The isotherms and kinetics of Cd(2+) and acenaphthene sorption onto Mag-PCMA-T were determined. Mag-PCMA-T removed >85% of the acenaphthene in <30min, with relatively high sorption capacity (up to 1060mg/kg). Mag-PCMA-T also exhibited high sorption capacity for Cd(2+) (up to 2250mg/kg). The simultaneous sorption performance was stable across a wide pH range (4-9) as well as in the presence of competitive metal ions (Ca(2+) and Mg(2+)) or natural organic matters. The Mag-PCMA-T can be regenerated and reused, providing a sustainable, fast, convenient, and efficient approach for water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiong Huang
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Aaron N Fulton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Arturo A Keller
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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Kuppusamy S, Thavamani P, Megharaj M, Venkateswarlu K, Lee YB, Naidu R. Pyrosequencing analysis of bacterial diversity in soils contaminated long-term with PAHs and heavy metals: Implications to bioremediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 317:169-179. [PMID: 27267691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Diversity, distribution and composition of bacterial community of soils contaminated long-term with both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were explored for the first time following 454 pyrosequencing. Strikingly, the complete picture of the Gram positive (+ve) and Gram negative (-ve) bacterial profile obtained in our study illustrates novel postulates that include: (1) Metal-tolerant and PAH-degrading Gram -ves belonging to the class Alphaproteobacteria persist relatively more in the real contaminated sites compared to Gram +ves, (2) Gram +ves are not always resistant to heavy metal toxicity, (3) Stenotrophomonas followed by Burkholderia and Pseudomonas are the dominant genera of PAH degraders with high metabolic activity in long-term contaminated soils, (4) Actinobacteria is the predominant group among the Gram +ves in soils contaminated with high molecular weight PAHs that co-exist with toxic heavy metals like Pb, Cu and Zn, (5) Microbial communities are nutrient-driven in natural environments and (6) Catabolically potential Gram +/-ves with diverse applicability to remediate the real contaminated sites evolve eventually in the historically-polluted soils. Thus, the most promising indigenous Gram +/-ve strains from the long-term contaminated sites with increased catabolic potential, enzymatic activity and metal tolerance need to be harnessed for mixed contaminant cleanups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Kuppusamy
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA5106, Australia.
| | - Palanisami Thavamani
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA5106, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA5106, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515055, India
| | - Yong Bok Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA5106, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Kumar B, Verma VK, Tyagi J, Sharma CS, Akolkar AB. Occurrence and Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Residential Soils from National Capital Region, Uttar Pradesh, India. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2015.1048893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhupander Kumar
- Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi, India
| | - V. K. Verma
- Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Tyagi
- Amity Institute of Environmental Science, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - C. S. Sharma
- Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi, India
| | - A. B. Akolkar
- Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi, India
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Schneider AR, Morvan X, Saby NPA, Cancès B, Ponthieu M, Gommeaux M, Marin B. Multivariate spatial analyses of the distribution and origin of trace and major elements in soils surrounding a secondary lead smelter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:15164-15174. [PMID: 27094274 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Major and trace elements in soils originate from natural processes and different anthropogenic activities which are difficult to discriminate. On a 17-ha impacted site in northern France, two industrial sources of soil contamination were xidentified: a former iron foundry and a current secondary lead smelter. To discriminate and map natural and anthropogenic sources of major and trace elements on this site, the rarely applied MULTISPATI-principal component analysis (PCA) method was used. Using a 20-m × 20-m grid, 247 topsoil horizons were sampled and analysed with a field-portable X-ray fluorescence analyser for screening soil contamination. The study site was heavily contaminated with Pb and, to a lesser degree, with Sn. Summary statistics and enrichment factors allowed the differentiation of the main lithogenic or anthropogenic origin of the elements. The MULTISPATI-PCA method, which explained 73.9 % of the variability with the three first factors, evidenced strong spatial structures. Those spatial structures were attributed to different natural and artificial processes in the study area. The first axis can be interpreted as a lithogenic effect. Axes 2 and 3 reflect the two different contamination sources. Pb, Sn and S originated from the secondary lead smelter while Fe and Ca were mainly derived from the old iron foundry activity and the old railway built with foundry sand. This study demonstrated that the MULTISPATI-PCA method can be successfully used to investigate multicontaminated sites to discriminate the various sources of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud R Schneider
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, GEGENAA, EA 3795, 2 esplanade Roland Garros, 51100, Reims, France.
| | - Xavier Morvan
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, GEGENAA, EA 3795, 2 esplanade Roland Garros, 51100, Reims, France
| | | | - Benjamin Cancès
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, GEGENAA, EA 3795, 2 esplanade Roland Garros, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Marie Ponthieu
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, GEGENAA, EA 3795, 2 esplanade Roland Garros, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Maxime Gommeaux
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, GEGENAA, EA 3795, 2 esplanade Roland Garros, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Béatrice Marin
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, GEGENAA, EA 3795, 2 esplanade Roland Garros, 51100, Reims, France
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Muthusamy S, Peng C, Ng JC. Effects of multi-component mixtures of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metal/loid(s) on Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway in ARE reporter-HepG2 cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1160-1171. [PMID: 30090422 PMCID: PMC6072108 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00024j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metal/loid(s) has been demonstrated to induce an oxidative stress response in mammalian cells. The combined effect of PAHs and heavy metal/loid(s) on the oxidative stress response has not been reported extensively. The Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway plays an important role in cellular antioxidant defense against oxidative stress-induced cell damage. In this study, we have determined the combined effect of four PAHs (benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), naphthalene (Nap), phenanthrene (Phe) and pyrene (Pyr)) and three heavy metal/loid(s) (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb)) on the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway using the ARE reporter-HepG2 cell line. The mixture study was carried out for binary, ternary, quaternary and seven-component combinations of PAHs and heavy metal/loid(s). Initially, individual dose responses for the PAHs (B[a]P, Nap, Phe and Pyr) and heavy metal/loid(s) (As, Cd and Pb), as well as their respective concentrations that induced an induction ratio of 1.5 (ECIR1.5), were determined. The luciferase assay system was used to quantify the induction of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. The individual dose response study showed that both PAHs and heavy metal/loid(s) activated the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway in ARE reporter-HepG2 cells. Among these chemicals, Cd was the most potent inducer, followed by B[a]P and As. Based on the individual dose response findings, PAHs and heavy metal/loid(s) were mixed at equipotent ratios using a fixed concentration ratio, and the effects of the mixtures of PAHs and heavy metal/loid(s) (binary to seven-component) on the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway were determined. The mixture effects were predicted by using the concentration addition (CA) model. Overall, the results showed that the multi-component mixtures of PAHs and heavy metal/loid(s) induced an oxidative stress response in ARE reporter-HepG2 cells, and that the CA model is an appropriate model to predict the interaction effect of these selected mixtures. A human cell line-based reporter gene assay system was successfully used to determine the mixture effects of two groups of common contaminants on oxidative stress response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikumar Muthusamy
- The University of Queensland , National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox) , Member of Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS) , Coopers Plains , Brisbane , QLD 4108 , Australia
- CRC CARE , The University of Newcastle , University Drive , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia . ; ; Tel: +61 414 747 147
| | - Cheng Peng
- The University of Queensland , National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox) , Member of Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS) , Coopers Plains , Brisbane , QLD 4108 , Australia
- CRC CARE , The University of Newcastle , University Drive , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia . ; ; Tel: +61 414 747 147
| | - Jack C Ng
- The University of Queensland , National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox) , Member of Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS) , Coopers Plains , Brisbane , QLD 4108 , Australia
- CRC CARE , The University of Newcastle , University Drive , Callaghan , NSW 2308 , Australia . ; ; Tel: +61 414 747 147
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Dudhagara DR, Rajpara RK, Bhatt JK, Gosai HB, Sachaniya BK, Dave BP. Distribution, sources and ecological risk assessment of PAHs in historically contaminated surface sediments at Bhavnagar coast, Gujarat, India. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:338-346. [PMID: 26925756 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The concentration, distribution and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been investigated in surface sediments near Bhavnagar coast. The concentration of ∑PAHs ranged from 5.02 to 981.18 μg g(-1) dry weight, indicating heavy pollution compared to other historically polluted study sites. It was found to be introduced via mixed origins such as burning of gas, oil, coal, production of petrochemicals, cement, and rubber tires. Domestic fuel burning and motor vehicles are also culprits for air pollution. Industrial effluents and accidental oil spillage can also be considered. PAHs can be exposed through air, water, soil and food sources including ingestion, inhalation, and dermal content in both occupational and non-occupational levels by single or sometimes multiple exposures routes concomitantly. Furthermore, diagnostic ratios, statistical principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) models have confirmed that the sources of PAHs were both - petrogenic and pyrogenic. For both the sites, assessment of ecological risk of the elevated levels of these pollutants has been exercised based on toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) and risk quotient (RQ) methods. The composite results indicated accurately that both the sites, bears potentially acute and chronic health hazards such as decreased immune functionality, genotoxicity, malignancy and developmental malfunctions in humans. The sites studied here and the workers have been exposed to hazardous pollutants for a longer period of time. Evidences indicate that mixtures of PAHs are carcinogenic to humans, based on occupational studies on workers, exposed to these pollutants. Hence, the present study and statistical approaches applied herein clearly indicate the historic mix routes of PAHs that resulted in magnified concentrations leading to high ecosystem risk. Thus, the scientific communities are urged to develop strategies to minimize the concentrations of PAHs from the historically impacted coastlines, thereby concerning for the future investigations and restoration of these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyant R Dudhagara
- Department of Life Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, 364001, Gujarat, India
| | - Rahul K Rajpara
- Department of Life Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, 364001, Gujarat, India
| | - Jwalant K Bhatt
- Department of Life Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, 364001, Gujarat, India
| | - Haren B Gosai
- Department of Life Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, 364001, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhumi K Sachaniya
- Department of Life Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, 364001, Gujarat, India
| | - Bharti P Dave
- Department of Life Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, 364001, Gujarat, India.
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Mandal A, Biswas B, Sarkar B, Patra AK, Naidu R. Surface tailored organobentonite enhances bacterial proliferation and phenanthrene biodegradation under cadmium co-contamination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 550:611-618. [PMID: 26849325 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Co-contamination of soil and water with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and heavy metals makes biodegradation of the former extremely challenging. Modified clay-modulated microbial degradation provides a novel insight in addressing this issue. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and phenanthrene degradation performance of Mycobacterium gilvum VF1 in the presence of a palmitic acid (PA)-grafted Arquad® 2HT-75-based organobentonite in cadmium (Cd)-phenanthrene co-contaminated water. The PA-grafted organobentonite (ABP) adsorbed a slightly greater quantity of Cd than bentonite at up to 30mgL(-1) metal concentration, but its highly negative surface charge imparted by carboxylic groups indicated the potential of being a significantly superior adsorbent of Cd at higher metal concentrations. In systems co-contained with Cd (5 and 10mgL(-1)), the Arquad® 2HT-75-modified bentonite (AB) and PA-grafted organobentonite (ABP) resulted in a significantly higher (72-78%) degradation of phenanthrene than bentonite (62%) by the bacterium. The growth and proliferation of bacteria were supported by ABP which not only eliminated Cd toxicity through adsorption but also created a congenial microenvironment for bacterial survival. The macromolecules produced during ABP-bacteria interaction could form a stable clay-bacterial cluster by overcoming the electrostatic repulsion among individual components. Findings of this study provide new insights for designing clay modulated PAH bioremediation technologies in mixed-contaminated water and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asit Mandal
- Future Industries Institute (formerly Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, India
| | - Bhabananda Biswas
- Future Industries Institute (formerly Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ACT Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Future Industries Institute (formerly Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ACT Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Ashok K Patra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, India
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), ACT Building, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Kuppusamy S, Thavamani P, Megharaj M, Lee YB, Naidu R. Kinetics of PAH degradation by a new acid-metal-tolerant Trabulsiella isolated from the MGP site soil and identification of its potential to fix nitrogen and solubilize phosphorous. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 307:99-107. [PMID: 26775109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Development of an efficient bioinoculum is considered as an appropriate remedial approach to treat the PAHs-metal mixed contaminated sites. Therefore, we aimed to isolate a degrader able to exert an outstanding PAH catabolic potential with added traits of pH-metal-resistance, N-fix or P-solubilization from a manufactured gas plant site soil. The identified strain (MTS-6) was a first low and high molecular weight (LMW and HMW) PAHs degrading Trabulsiella sp. tolerant to pH 5. MTS-6 completely degraded the model 3 [150mgL(-1) phenanthrene (Phe)], 4 [150mgL(-1) pyrene (Pyr)] and 5 [50mgL(-1) benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)] ring PAHs in 6, 25 and 90 days, respectively. Presence of co-substrate (100mgL(-1) Phe) increased the biodegradation rate constant (k) and decreased the half-life time (t1/2) of HMW PAHs (100mgL(-1) Pyr or 50mgL(-1) BaP). The strain fixed 47μgmL(-1)N and solubilized 58μgmL(-1)P during PAH metabolism and exhibited an EC50 value of 3-4mgL(-1) for Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn. Over 6mgL(-1) metal levels was lethal for the microbe. The identified bacterium (MTS-6) with exceptional multi-functional traits opens the way for its exploitation in the bioremediation of manufactured gas plant sites in a sustainable way by employing bioaugmentation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Kuppusamy
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA 5106, Australia.
| | - Palanisami Thavamani
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA 5106, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA 5106, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yong Bok Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA 5106, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Dadrasnia A, Pariatamby A. Phyto-enhanced remediation of soil co-contaminated with lead and diesel fuel using biowaste and Dracaena reflexa: A laboratory study. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2016; 34:246-53. [PMID: 26675494 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x15621375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In phytoremediation of co-contaminated soil, the simultaneous and efficient remediation of multiple pollutants is a major challenge rather than the removal of pollutants. A laboratory-scale experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of 5% addition of each of three different organic waste amendments (tea leaves, soy cake, and potato skin) to enhance the phytoaccumulation of lead (60 mg kg(-1)) and diesel fuel (25,000 mg kg(-1)) in co-contaminated soil by Dracaena reflexa Lam for a period of 180 day. The highest rate of oil degradation was recorded in co-contaminated soil planted with D. reflexa and amended with soy cake (75%), followed by potato skin (52.8%) and tea leaves (50.6%). Although plants did not accumulate hydrocarbon from the contaminated soil, significant bioaccumulation of lead in the roots and stems of D. reflexa was observed. At the end of 180 days, 16.7 and 9.8 mg kg(-1) of lead in the stems and roots of D. reflexa were recorded, respectively, for the treatment with tea leaves. These findings demonstrate the potential of organic waste amendments in enhancing phytoremediation of oil and bioaccumulation of lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Dadrasnia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Agamuthu Pariatamby
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chen F, Tan M, Ma J, Zhang S, Li G, Qu J. Efficient remediation of PAH-metal co-contaminated soil using microbial-plant combination: A greenhouse study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 302:250-261. [PMID: 26476312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A 2-year greenhouse study was conducted to remediate an actual wastewater-irrigated soil co-contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (Cd and Zn). The remediation methods included microbial remediation, phytoremediation, and microbe-assisted phytoremediation. The maximum PAH removal (96.4%), PAH mineralization, and metal phytoextraction (36.1% Cd and 12.7% Zn) were obtained by interplanting ryegrass with Seduce alfredii with regular re-inoculation with Microbacterium sp. KL5 and Candida tropicalis C10 in the co-contaminated soil. The plants shoots were harvested at a 4-month interval. After 2 years, the concentrations of 16 individual PAHs were reduced to below the limit of Chinese soil quality standard for agricultural use (grade II, pH 6.5-7.5), and the metal concentrations in ryegrass shoots were below the Chinese national limit for animal feeds (GB13078-2001). The exogenous microbes gradually disappeared with time, and thus a 2-month re-inoculation interval was applied for a purpose to maintain high cell density and activity of the inoculants. KL5 introduction increased soil enzyme activity, plant growth, PAH removal and metal phytoextraction, while C10 promoted soil enzyme activity and removal of high-molecular-weight PAHs. Interplanting with S. alfredii reduced metal concentrations in ryegrass tissues. Ryegrass showed stronger rhizosphere effects than S. alfredii did.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Chen
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China; Low Carbon Energy Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China.
| | - Min Tan
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Low Carbon Energy Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China.
| | - Shaoliang Zhang
- Low Carbon Energy Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China
| | - Junfeng Qu
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China
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Diao JR, Zhao BW, Ma FF, Wang X, Ding WJ. Solubility enhancement of phenanthrene using novel chelating surfactant. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/chempap-2015-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA novel chelating surfactant denoted as sodium N-lauroyl ethylenediamine triacetate (N-LED3A) with both surface activity and chelation functions was studied for phenanthrene (PHE) solubilisation ability. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of N-LED3A was measured, and the effects of the initial N-LED3A concentration, temperature, pH value and coexisting ions (Na
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Biswas B, Sarkar B, Mandal A, Naidu R. Heavy metal-immobilizing organoclay facilitates polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation in mixed-contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 298:129-137. [PMID: 26022853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soils contaminated with a mixture of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose toxic metal stress to native PAH-degrading microorganisms. Adsorbents such as clay and modified clay minerals can bind the metal and reduce its toxicity to microorganisms. However, in a mixed-contaminated soil, an adsorption process more specific to the metals without affecting the bioavailability of PAHs is desired for effective degradation. Furthermore, the adsorbent should enhance the viability of PAH-degrading microorganisms. A metal-immobilizing organoclay (Arquad(®) 2HT-75-bentonite treated with palmitic acid) (MIOC) able to reduce metal (cadmium (Cd)) toxicity and enhance PAH (phenanthrene) biodegradation was developed and characterized in this study. The MIOC differed considerably from the parent clay in terms of its ability to reduce metal toxicity (MIOC>unmodified bentonite>Arquad-bentonite). The MIOC variably increased the microbial count (10-43%) as well as activities (respiration 3-44%; enzymatic activities up to 68%), and simultaneously maintained phenanthrene in bioavailable form in a Cd-phenanthrene mixed-contaminated soil over a 21-day incubation period. This study may lead to a new MIOC-assisted bioremediation technique for PAHs in mixed-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhabananda Biswas
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, P.O. Box 486, Salisbury, SA 5106, Australia
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, P.O. Box 486, Salisbury, SA 5106, Australia
| | - Asit Mandal
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia; Division of Soil Biology, Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, SA 5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, P.O. Box 486, Salisbury, SA 5106, Australia
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Ramadass K, Megharaj M, Venkateswarlu K, Naidu R. Toxicity and oxidative stress induced by used and unused motor oil on freshwater microalga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:8890-8901. [PMID: 25135168 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although used motor oil from automobiles is one of the major pollutants through storm water in urban environments leading to contamination of water bodies, very little information is available on its toxicity towards growth of microalgae. Also, to our knowledge, there are no data on the used motor oil-induced oxidative stress in microalgae. We therefore investigated the toxicity of used and fresh motor oil on growth and antioxidant enzymes of a microalga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. In general, used oil was more toxic to the alga than fresh oil. Used oil at 0.20 % inhibited algal growth, measured in terms of chlorophyll a, by 44 % while fresh oil was nontoxic up to 2.8 %. Water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of the used oil at >50 % concentration exhibited significant toxicity while WAF from fresh oil was nontoxic even up to 100 %. Used oil and its WAF, even at lower concentrations, increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes indicating algal response to the toxicity stress. When the alga was exposed to WAF from fresh motor oil, no alterations in the antioxidant enzyme levels were evident. The present investigation suggests that contamination of aquatic systems with used oil could potentially affect the ecosystem health via disruption of primary producers that are located at the base of the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Ramadass
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
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Thavamani P, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Metal-tolerant PAH-degrading bacteria: development of suitable test medium and effect of cadmium and its availability on PAH biodegradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:8957-8968. [PMID: 23749365 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of metal-tolerant polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading bacteria is viable for mitigating metal inhibition of organic compound biodegradation in the remediation of mixed contaminated sites. Many microbial growth media used for toxicity testing contain high concentrations of metal-binding components such as phosphates that can reduce solution-phase metal concentrations thereby underestimate the real toxicity. In this study, we isolated two PAHs-degrading bacterial consortia from long-term mixed contaminated soils. We have developed a new mineral medium by optimising the concentrations of medium components to allow the bacterial growth and at the same time maintain high bioavailable metal (Cd(2+) as a model metal) in the medium. This medium has more than 60 % Cd as Cd(2+) at pH 6.5 as measured by an ion selective electrode and visual MINTEQ model. The Cd-tolerant patterns of the consortia were tested and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) derived. The consortium-5 had the highest MIC of 5 mg l(-1) Cd followed by consortium-9. Both cultures were able to completely metabolise 200 mg l(-1) phenanthrene in less than 4 days in the presence of 5 mg l(-1) Cd. The isolated metal-tolerant PAH-degrading bacterial cultures have great potential for bioremediation of mixed contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisami Thavamani
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
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Pan YJ, Liu J, Guo XR, Zu YG, Tang ZH. Gene transcript profiles of the TIA biosynthetic pathway in response to ethylene and copper reveal their interactive role in modulating TIA biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus. PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:813-24. [PMID: 25344654 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Research on transcriptional regulation of terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA) biosynthesis of the medicinal plant, Catharanthus roseus, has largely been focused on gene function and not clustering analysis of multiple genes at the transcript level. Here, more than ten key genes encoding key enzyme of alkaloid synthesis in TIA biosynthetic pathways were chosen to investigate the integrative responses to exogenous elicitor ethylene and copper (Cu) at both transcriptional and metabolic levels. The ethylene-induced gene transcripts in leaves and roots, respectively, were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and the results showed the overall expression of TIA pathway genes indicated as the Q value followed a standard normal distribution after ethylene treatments. Peak gene expression was at 15-30 μM of ethephon, and the pre-mature leaf had a higher Q value than the immature or mature leaf and root. Treatment with elicitor Cu found that Cu up-regulated overall TIA gene expression more in roots than in leaves. The combined effects of Cu and ethephon on TIA gene expression were stronger than their separate effects. It has been documented that TIA gene expression is tightly regulated by the transcriptional factor (TF) ethylene responsive factor (ERF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. The loading plot combination with correlation analysis for the genes of C. roseus showed that expression of the MPK gene correlated with strictosidine synthase (STR) and strictosidine b-D-glucosidase(SGD). In addition, ERF expression correlated with expression of secologanin synthase (SLS) and tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), specifically in roots, whereas MPK and myelocytomatosis oncogene (MYC) correlated with STR and SGD genes. In conclusion, the ERF regulates the upstream pathway genes in response to heavy metal Cu mainly in C. roseus roots, while the MPK mainly participates in regulating the STR gene in response to ethylene in pre-mature leaf. Interestingly, the change in TIA accumulation does not correlate with expression of the associated genes. Our previous research found significant accumulation of vinblastine in response to high concentration of ethylene and Cu suggesting the involvement of posttranscriptional and posttranslational mechanisms in a spatial and temporal manner. In this study, meta-analysis reveals ERF and MPK form a positive feedback loop connecting two pathways actively involved in response of TIA pathway genes to ethylene and copper in C. roseus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
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Braun F, Hamelin J, Bonnafous A, Delgenès N, Steyer JP, Patureau D. Similar PAH fate in anaerobic digesters inoculated with three microbial communities accumulating either volatile fatty acids or methane. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125552. [PMID: 25874750 PMCID: PMC4398385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Urban sludge produced on wastewater treatment plants are often contaminated by organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Their removal under methanogenic conditions was already reported, but the factors influencing this removal remain unclear. Here, we determined the influence of microbial communities on PAH removal under controlled physico-chemical conditions. Twelve mesophilic anaerobic digesters were inoculated with three microbial communities extracted from ecosystems with contrasting pollution histories: a PAH contaminated soil, a PCB contaminated sediment and a low contaminated anaerobic sludge. These anaerobic digesters were operated during 100 days in continuous mode. A sterilised activated sludge, spiked with 13 PAH at concentrations usually encountered in full-scale wastewater treatment plants, was used as substrate. The dry matter and volatile solid degradation, the biogas production rate and composition, the volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and the PAH removals were monitored. Bacterial and archaeal communities were compared in abundance (qPCR), in community structure (SSCP fingerprinting) and in dominant microbial species (454-pyrosequencing). The bioreactors inoculated with the community extracted from low contaminated anaerobic sludge showed the greater methane production. The PAH removals ranged from 10 % to 30 %, respectively, for high and low molecular weight PAH, whatever the inoculums tested, and were highly correlated with the dry matter and volatile solid removals. The microbial community structure and diversity differed with the inoculum source; this difference was maintained after the 100 days of digestion. However, the PAH removal was not correlated to these diverse structures and diversities. We hence obtained three functional stable consortia with two contrasted metabolic activities, and three different pictures of microbial diversity, but similar PAH and matter removals. These results confirm that PAH removal depends on the molecule type and on the solid matter removal. But, as PAH elimination is similar whether the solid substrate is degraded into VFA or into methane, it seems that the fermentative communities are responsible for their elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Braun
- INRA, UR0050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l’Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne, F-11100, France
- ADEME, French Environment and Energy Management Agency, 20 avenue du Grésillé-BP 90406, F-49004, Angers, Cedex 01, France
| | - Jérôme Hamelin
- INRA, UR0050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l’Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne, F-11100, France
| | - Anaïs Bonnafous
- INRA, UR0050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l’Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne, F-11100, France
| | - Nadine Delgenès
- INRA, UR0050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l’Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne, F-11100, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Steyer
- INRA, UR0050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l’Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne, F-11100, France
| | - Dominique Patureau
- INRA, UR0050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l’Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne, F-11100, France
- * E-mail:
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Alexander DD, Jiang X, Bylsma LC, Garabrant DH, Irvin SR, Fryzek JP. Historical cancer incidence and mortality assessment in an Illinois community proximal to a former manufactured gas plant. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e006713. [PMID: 25534215 PMCID: PMC4275664 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Concern has been raised that the occurrence of cancer may be increased in neighbourhoods around a former manufactured gas plant in Champaign, Illinois, USA. Thus, we compared historical rates of cancer in this area to comparison communities as well as with nationally standardised rates. DESIGN Retrospective population-based community cancer assessment during 1990-2010. SETTING Champaign County, Illinois, USA, and zip codes encompassing the location of the former manufactured gas plant to counties that were similar demographically. PARTICIPANTS Residents of the counties and zip codes studied between 1990 and 2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The relative risk (RR) and 95% CI were used to compare cancer incidence and mortality in the areas near the gas compression site to the comparison counties. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated to compare rates in the areas near the gas compression site to expected rates based on overall US cancer rates. RESULTS Total cancer mortality (RR=0.91, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.94) and incidence (RR=0.95, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.97) were reduced significantly in Champaign County versus the comparison counties. Similarly, a reduced rate of total cancer was observed in analyses by zip code (proximal to the former gas plant) when compared with either similar counties (RR=0.89, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.93) or national standardised rates of cancer (SIR=0.88, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.91). CONCLUSIONS This historical cancer assessment did not find an increased risk of total cancer or specific cancer types in communities near a former manufactured gas plant site.
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Kim CJ, Hong GH, Kim HE, Yang DB. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in starfish body and bottom sediments in Mohang Harbor (Taean), South Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:4343-4356. [PMID: 24682639 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of 27 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in bottom sediments and starfish from Mohang Harbor (MH) in Taean peninsula, South Korea. In December 2007, crude oil washed ashore from the M/V Hebei Spirit and was subsequently cleaned up within a few months of the incident. The ecological risk, bioaccumulation factor (BAF), and composition of the 27 PAHs were examined. The PAH concentrations in the bottom sediment ranged from 24 to 366 μg/kg dried weight, and the ecological risk was determined as minimal (mERL-Q < 1). Total PAH concentrations in Asterina pectinifera (inside seawall) and Asterias amurensis (outside seawall) were 1,226 and 1,477 μg/kg dry weight (d.w.), respectively. The total BAFs (∑BAF) for A. amurensis was 3.8 times higher than that of A. pectinifera, and the PAH concentrations of 5-6 log K OW were highest in the two starfish species. Further, PAH fingerprint analysis (nine alkyl-substituted PAHs fraction, low molecular weight (LMW)/high molecular weight (HMW), Phe/Ant, and Flu/Pyr), and principal component analysis (PCA) based on three crude oil samples from the M/V Hebei Spirit showed no remaining influence of crude oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Joon Kim
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 787, Haean-ro(st), Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, 426-744, South Korea,
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Lu M, Zhang ZZ, Wang JX, Zhang M, Xu YX, Wu XJ. Interaction of heavy metals and pyrene on their fates in soil and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:1158-1165. [PMID: 24383577 DOI: 10.1021/es403337t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
90-Day growth chamber experiments were performed to investigate the interactive effect of pyrene and heavy metals (Cu, Cd, and Pb) on the growth of tall fescue and its uptake, accumulation, and dissipation of heavy metals and pyrene. Results show that plant growth and phytomass production were impacted by the interaction of heavy metals and pyrene. They were significantly decreased with heavy metal additions (100-2000 mg/kg), but they were only slightly declined with pyrene spiked up to 100 mg/kg. The addition of a moderate dosage of pyrene (100 mg/kg) lessened heavy metal toxicity to plants, resulting in enhanced plant growth and increased metal accumulation in plant tissues, thus improving heavy metal removal by plants. In contrast, heavy metals always reduced both plant growth and pyrene dissipation in soils. The chemical forms of Cu, Cd, and Pb in plant organs varied with metal species and pyrene addition. The dissipation and mineralization of pyrene tended to decline in both planted soil and unplanted soils with the presence of heavy metals, whereas they were enhanced with planting. The results demonstrate the complex interactive effects of organic pollutants and heavy metals on phytoremediation in soils. It can be concluded that, to a certain extent, tall fescue may be useful for phytoremediation of pyrene-heavy metal-contaminated sites. Further work is needed to enhance methods for phytoremediation of heavy metal-organics co-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249, China
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Pan F, Ma J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chen L, Edmunds WM. Simulation of the migration and transformation of petroleum pollutants in the soils of the Loess plateau: a case study in the Maling oil field of northwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:8023-8034. [PMID: 23494194 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We developed a coupled water-oil simulation model to simulate the migration and transformation of petroleum-derived contaminants in the soil of the Xifeng oil field. To do so, we used the HYDRUS-2D model, which simulates the diffusion, adsorption or desorption, and microbial degradation of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons in the soil-water system. The saturated soil hydraulic conductivity of petroleum-derived pollutants was 0.05 cm day(-1), which is about 1 to 2 % of the soil moisture permeability coefficient. Our numerical simulation results show that spilled crude oil was mainly concentrated in the surface horizons of the soil. The organic pollutant concentration tended to be highest nearest to the pollution source. The pollutant migration was generally concentrated within the top 20 to 30 cm of the soil, with the maximum concentration in the top 5 cm of the soil. With passing time, the pollutant accumulation increased and the adsorption and degradation functions reached a dynamic balance with the input rate at depths greater than 30 cm below the soil surface. The oil-derived pollutants totaled 50 to 100 mg kg(-1) under the dynamic balance condition, which occurred after 20 to 30 years. The petroleum-derived pollutant concentration in the loess soil was inversely correlated with the horizontal distance from the oil well, and the concentration decreased greatly at a distance greater than 40 m from the well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pan
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Chen F, Taylor WD, Anderson WB, Huck PM. Application of fingerprint-based multivariate statistical analyses in source characterization and tracking of contaminated sediment migration in surface water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 179:224-231. [PMID: 23688735 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the suitability of multivariate techniques, including principal component analysis and discriminant function analysis, for analysing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heavy metal-contaminated aquatic sediment data. We show that multivariate "fingerprint" analysis of relative abundances of contaminants can characterize a contamination source and distinguish contaminated sediments of interest from background contamination. Thereafter, analysis of the unstandardized concentrations among samples contaminated from the same source can identify migration pathways within a study area that is hydraulically complex and has a long contamination history, without reliance on complex hydrodynamic data and modelling techniques. Together, these methods provide an effective tool for drinking water source monitoring and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- NSERC Chair in Water Treatment, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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