1
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Chakraborty A, Paynter A, Szendrey M, Cornwell JD, Li W, Guo J, Yang T, Du Y, Wang T, Zhang S. Ubiquitination is involved in PKC-mediated degradation of cell surface Kv1.5 channels. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107483. [PMID: 38897569 PMCID: PMC11301065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated Kv1.5 potassium channel, conducting the ultra-rapid delayed rectifier K+ current (IKur) in human cells, plays important roles in the repolarization of atrial action potentials and regulation of the vascular tone. We previously reported that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induces endocytic degradation of cell-surface Kv1.5 channels, and a point mutation removing the phosphorylation site, T15A, in the N terminus of Kv1.5 abolished the PMA-effect. In the present study, using mutagenesis, patch clamp recording, Western blot analysis, and immunocytochemical staining, we demonstrate that ubiquitination is involved in the PMA-mediated degradation of mature Kv1.5 channels. Since the expression of the Kv1.4 channel is unaffected by PMA treatment, we swapped the N- and/or C-termini between Kv1.5 and Kv1.4. We found that the N-terminus alone did not but both N- and C-termini of Kv1.5 did confer PMA sensitivity to mature Kv1.4 channels, suggesting the involvement of Kv1.5 C-terminus in the channel ubiquitination. Removal of each of the potential ubiquitination residue Lysine at position 536, 565, and 591 by Arginine substitution (K536R, K565R, and K591R) had little effect, but removal of all three Lysine residues with Arginine substitution (3K-R) partially reduced PMA-mediated Kv1.5 degradation. Furthermore, removing the cysteine residue at position 604 by Serine substitution (C604S) drastically reduced PMA-induced channel degradation. Removal of the three Lysines and Cys604 with a quadruple mutation (3K-R/C604S) or a truncation mutation (Δ536) completely abolished the PKC activation-mediated degradation of Kv1.5 channels. These results provide mechanistic insight into PKC activation-mediated Kv1.5 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Chakraborty
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Paynter
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Szendrey
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - James D Cornwell
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Wentao Li
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Tonghua Yang
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Yuan Du
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Tingzhong Wang
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Shetuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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2
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Gupta RC, Singh-Gupta V, Szekely KJ, Zhang K, Lanfear DE, Sabbah HN. Dysregulation of cardiac mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2: Studies in dogs with chronic heart failure. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY PLUS 2024; 8:100067. [PMID: 38938550 PMCID: PMC11210280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmccpl.2024.100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial (MITO) dysfunction occurs in the failing heart and contributes to worsening of heart failure (HF). Reduced aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in left ventricular (LV) myocardium of diabetic hearts has been implicated in MITO dysfunction through accumulation of toxic aldehydes including and elevated levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE). This study examined whether dysregulation of MITO ALDH2 (mALDH2) occurs in mitochondria of the failing LV and is associated with increased levels of 4HNE. LV tissue from 7 HF and 7 normal (NL) dogs was obtained. Protein quantification of total mitochondrial ALDH2 (t-mALDH2), phosphorylated mALDH2 (p-mALDH2), total MITO protein kinase c epsilon (t-mPKCε), phosphorylated mPKCε (p-mPKCε) was performed by Western blotting, and total mALDH2 enzymatic activity was measured. Protein adducts of 4HNE-MITO and 4HNE-mALDH2 were also measured in MITO fraction by Western Blotting. Protein level of t-mALDH2 was decreased in HF compared with NL dogs (0.63 ± 0.07 vs 1.17 ± 0.08, p < 0.05) as did mALDH2 enzymatic activity (51.39 ± 3 vs. 107.66 ± 4 nmol NADH/min/mg, p < 0.05). Phosphorylated-mALDH2 and p-mPKCε were unchanged. 4HNE-MITO proteins adduct levels increased in HF compared with NL (2.45 ± 0.08 vs 1.30 ± 0.03 du, p < 0.05) as did adduct levels of 4HNE-mALDH2 (1.60 ± 0.20 vs 0.39 ± 0.08, p < 0.05). In isolated failing cardiomyocytes (CM) exposure to 4HNE decreased mALDH2 activity, increased ROS and 4HNE-ALDH2 adducts, and worsened MITO function. Stimulation of mALDH2 activity with ALDA-1 in isolated HF CMs compared to NL CMs improved ADP-stimulated respiration and maximal ATP synthesis to a greater extant (+47 % and +89 %, respectively). Down-regulation of mALDH2 protein levels and activity occurs in HF and contributes to MITO dysfunction and is likely caused by accumulation of 4HNE-mALDH2 adduct. Increasing mALDH2 activity (via ALDA-1) improved MITO function in failing CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh C. Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Henry Ford Health & Michigan State University Health Science, USA
| | - Vinita Singh-Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Henry Ford Health & Michigan State University Health Science, USA
| | - Kristina J. Szekely
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Henry Ford Health & Michigan State University Health Science, USA
| | - Kefei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Henry Ford Health & Michigan State University Health Science, USA
| | - David E. Lanfear
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Henry Ford Health & Michigan State University Health Science, USA
| | - Hani N. Sabbah
- Corresponding author at: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. (H.N. Sabbah)
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3
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Lahiri SK, Jin F, Zhou Y, Quick AP, Kramm CF, Wang MC, Wehrens XH. Altered myocardial lipid regulation in junctophilin-2-associated familial cardiomyopathies. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302330. [PMID: 38438248 PMCID: PMC10912815 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial lipid metabolism is critical to normal heart function, whereas altered lipid regulation has been linked to cardiac diseases including cardiomyopathies. Genetic variants in the JPH2 gene can cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and, in some cases, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that JPH2 variants identified in patients with HCM and DCM, respectively, cause distinct alterations in myocardial lipid profiles. Echocardiography revealed clinically significant cardiac dysfunction in both knock-in mouse models of cardiomyopathy. Unbiased myocardial lipidomic analysis demonstrated significantly reduced levels of total unsaturated fatty acids, ceramides, and various phospholipids in both mice with HCM and DCM, suggesting a common metabolic alteration in both models. On the contrary, significantly increased di- and triglycerides, and decreased co-enzyme were only found in mice with HCM. Moreover, mice with DCM uniquely exhibited elevated levels of cholesterol ester. Further in-depth analysis revealed significantly altered metabolites from all the lipid classes with either similar or opposing trends in JPH2 mutant mice with HCM or DCM. Together, these studies revealed, for the first time, unique alterations in the cardiac lipid composition-including distinct increases in neutral lipids and decreases in polar membrane lipids-in mice with HCM and DCM were caused by distinct JPH2 variants. These studies may aid the development of novel biomarkers or therapeutics for these inherited disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satadru K Lahiri
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Feng Jin
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yue Zhou
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ann P Quick
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carlos F Kramm
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meng C Wang
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xander Ht Wehrens
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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4
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Chen XR, Dixit K, Yang Y, McDermott MI, Imam HT, Bankaitis VA, Igumenova TI. A novel bivalent interaction mode underlies a non-catalytic mechanism for Pin1-mediated protein kinase C regulation. eLife 2024; 13:e92884. [PMID: 38687676 PMCID: PMC11060717 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulated hydrolysis of the phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol(4,5)-bis-phosphate to diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5-P3 defines a major eukaryotic pathway for translation of extracellular cues to intracellular signaling circuits. Members of the lipid-activated protein kinase C isoenzyme family (PKCs) play central roles in this signaling circuit. One of the regulatory mechanisms employed to downregulate stimulated PKC activity is via a proteasome-dependent degradation pathway that is potentiated by peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1. Here, we show that contrary to prevailing models, Pin1 does not regulate conventional PKC isoforms α and βII via a canonical cis-trans isomerization of the peptidyl-prolyl bond. Rather, Pin1 acts as a PKC binding partner that controls PKC activity via sequestration of the C-terminal tail of the kinase. The high-resolution structure of full-length Pin1 complexed to the C-terminal tail of PKCβII reveals that a novel bivalent interaction mode underlies the non-catalytic mode of Pin1 action. Specifically, Pin1 adopts a conformation in which it uses the WW and PPIase domains to engage two conserved phosphorylated PKC motifs, the turn motif and hydrophobic motif, respectively. Hydrophobic motif is a non-canonical Pin1-interacting element. The structural information combined with the results of extensive binding studies and experiments in cultured cells suggest that non-catalytic mechanisms represent unappreciated modes of Pin1-mediated regulation of AGC kinases and other key enzymes/substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ru Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Karuna Dixit
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Mark I McDermott
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Hasan Tanvir Imam
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Vytas A Bankaitis
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Tatyana I Igumenova
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
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5
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Claeyssen C, Bulangalire N, Bastide B, Agbulut O, Cieniewski-Bernard C. Desmin and its molecular chaperone, the αB-crystallin: How post-translational modifications modulate their functions in heart and skeletal muscles? Biochimie 2024; 216:137-159. [PMID: 37827485 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of the highly organized striated muscle tissue requires a cell-wide dynamic network through protein-protein interactions providing an effective mechanochemical integrator of morphology and function. Through a continuous and complex trans-cytoplasmic network, desmin intermediate filaments ensure this essential role in heart and in skeletal muscle. Besides their role in the maintenance of cell shape and architecture (permitting contractile activity efficiency and conferring resistance towards mechanical stress), desmin intermediate filaments are also key actors of cell and tissue homeostasis. Desmin participates to several cellular processes such as differentiation, apoptosis, intracellular signalisation, mechanotransduction, vesicle trafficking, organelle biogenesis and/or positioning, calcium homeostasis, protein homeostasis, cell adhesion, metabolism and gene expression. Desmin intermediate filaments assembly requires αB-crystallin, a small heat shock protein. Over its chaperone activity, αB-crystallin is involved in several cellular functions such as cell integrity, cytoskeleton stabilization, apoptosis, autophagy, differentiation, mitochondria function or aggresome formation. Importantly, both proteins are known to be strongly associated to the aetiology of several cardiac and skeletal muscles pathologies related to desmin filaments disorganization and a strong disturbance of desmin interactome. Note that these key proteins of cytoskeleton architecture are extensively modified by post-translational modifications that could affect their functional properties. Therefore, we reviewed in the herein paper the impact of post-translational modifications on the modulation of cellular functions of desmin and its molecular chaperone, the αB-crystallin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Claeyssen
- University of Lille, University of Artois, University of Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nathan Bulangalire
- University of Lille, University of Artois, University of Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F-59000 Lille, France; Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bruno Bastide
- University of Lille, University of Artois, University of Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Cieniewski-Bernard
- University of Lille, University of Artois, University of Littoral Côte d'Opale, ULR 7369 - URePSSS - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société, F-59000 Lille, France.
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6
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Tran U, Billingsley KL. Biological evaluation of indolactams for in vitro bryostatin 1-like activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 97:129570. [PMID: 38036273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule activators of protein kinase C (PKC) have traditionally been classified as either tumor promoters or suppressors. Although bryostatin 1 has well established anti-cancer activity, most natural products that target the PKC regulator domain exhibit tumor promotion properties. In this study, we examine a focused library of indolactam analogues in cell-based assays to establish the structural features of the scaffold that enhance bryostatin 1-like activity. These systematic biological assessments identified specific indole substitution patterns that impart diminished tumor promotion behavior in vitro for indolactam analogues, while still maintaining nanomolar potency for PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- UyenPhuong Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
| | - Kelvin L Billingsley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA.
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7
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Wolf L, Vogt J, Alber J, Franjic D, Feger M, Föller M. PKC regulates αKlotho gene expression in MDCK and NRK-52E cells. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:75-86. [PMID: 37773536 PMCID: PMC10758369 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Particularly expressed in the kidney, αKlotho is a transmembrane protein that acts together with bone hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) to regulate renal phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis. Soluble Klotho (sKL) is released from the transmembrane form and controls various cellular functions as a paracrine and endocrine factor. αKlotho deficiency accelerates aging, whereas its overexpression favors longevity. Higher αKlotho abundance confers a better prognosis in cardiovascular and renal disease owing to anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, or antioxidant effects and tumor suppression. Serine/threonine protein kinase C (PKC) is ubiquitously expressed, affects several cellular responses, and is also implicated in heart or kidney disease as well as cancer. We explored whether PKC is a regulator of αKlotho. Experiments were performed in renal MDCK or NRK-52E cells and PKC isoform and αKlotho expression determined by qRT-PCR and Western Blotting. In both cell lines, PKC activation with phorbol ester phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) downregulated, while PKC inhibitor staurosporine enhanced αKlotho mRNA abundance. Further experiments with PKC inhibitor Gö6976 and RNA interference suggested that PKCγ is the major isoform for the regulation of αKlotho gene expression in the two cell lines. In conclusion, PKC is a negative regulator of αKlotho gene expression, an effect which may be relevant for the unfavorable effect of PKC on heart or kidney disease and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wolf
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Vogt
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jana Alber
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Domenic Franjic
- Core Facility Hohenheim, Data and Statistical Consulting, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martina Feger
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Föller
- Department of Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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8
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Silnitsky S, Rubin SJS, Zerihun M, Qvit N. An Update on Protein Kinases as Therapeutic Targets-Part I: Protein Kinase C Activation and Its Role in Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17600. [PMID: 38139428 PMCID: PMC10743896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are one of the most significant drug targets in the human proteome, historically harnessed for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and a growing number of other conditions, including autoimmune and inflammatory processes. Since the approval of the first kinase inhibitors in the late 1990s and early 2000s, the field has grown exponentially, comprising 98 approved therapeutics to date, 37 of which were approved between 2016 and 2021. While many of these small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors that interact orthosterically with the protein kinase ATP binding pocket have been massively successful for oncological indications, their poor selectively for protein kinase isozymes have limited them due to toxicities in their application to other disease spaces. Thus, recent attention has turned to the use of alternative allosteric binding mechanisms and improved drug platforms such as modified peptides to design protein kinase modulators with enhanced selectivity and other pharmacological properties. Herein we review the role of different protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms in cancer and cardiovascular disease, with particular attention to PKC-family inhibitors. We discuss translational examples and carefully consider the advantages and limitations of each compound (Part I). We also discuss the recent advances in the field of protein kinase modulators, leverage molecular docking to model inhibitor-kinase interactions, and propose mechanisms of action that will aid in the design of next-generation protein kinase modulators (Part II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shmuel Silnitsky
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold St. 8, Safed 1311502, Israel; (S.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Samuel J. S. Rubin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Mulate Zerihun
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold St. 8, Safed 1311502, Israel; (S.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Nir Qvit
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Henrietta Szold St. 8, Safed 1311502, Israel; (S.S.); (M.Z.)
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9
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Chen XR, Dixit K, Yang Y, McDermott MI, Imam HT, Bankaitis VA, Igumenova TI. A novel bivalent interaction mode underlies a non-catalytic mechanism for Pin1-mediated Protein Kinase C regulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.18.558341. [PMID: 37781616 PMCID: PMC10541119 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.18.558341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Regulated hydrolysis of the phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol(4,5)-bis-phosphate to diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5-P3 defines a major eukaryotic pathway for translation of extracellular cues to intracellular signaling circuits. Members of the lipid-activated protein kinase C isoenzyme family (PKCs) play central roles in this signaling circuit. One of the regulatory mechanisms employed to downregulate stimulated PKC activity is via a proteasome-dependent degradation pathway that is potentiated by peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1. Here, we show that contrary to prevailing models, Pin1 does not regulate conventional PKC isoforms α and βII via a canonical cis-trans isomerization of the peptidyl-prolyl bond. Rather, Pin1 acts as a PKC binding partner that controls PKC activity via sequestration of the C-terminal tail of the kinase. The high-resolution structure of Pin1 complexed to the C-terminal tail of PKCβII reveals that a novel bivalent interaction mode underlies the non-catalytic mode of Pin1 action. Specifically, Pin1 adopts a compact conformation in which it engages two conserved phosphorylated PKC motifs, the turn motif and hydrophobic motif, the latter being a non-canonical Pin1-interacting element. The structural information, combined with the results of extensive binding studies and in vivo experiments suggest that non-catalytic mechanisms represent unappreciated modes of Pin1-mediated regulation of AGC kinases and other key enzymes/substrates.
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10
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Hu JH, Li SY, Yu LH, Guan ZR, Jiang YP, Hu D, Wang HJ, Zhao LP, Zhou ZH, Yan YX, Xie T, Huang ZH, Lou JS. TFEB: a double-edged sword for tumor metastasis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:917-929. [PMID: 37328669 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor EB, a member of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF/TFE) family, is a master regulator of autophagy, lysosome biogenesis, and TAMs. Metastasis is one of the main reasons for the failure of tumor therapy. Studies on the relationship between TFEB and tumor metastasis are contradictory. On the positive side, TFEB mainly affects tumor cell metastasis via five aspects, including autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), lysosomal biogenesis, lipid metabolism, and oncogenic signaling pathways; on the negative side, TFEB mainly affects tumor cell metastasis in two aspects, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and EMT. In this review, we described the detailed mechanism of TFEB-mediated regulation of metastasis. In addition, we also described the activation and inactivation of TFEB in several aspects, including the mTORC1 and Rag GTPase systems, ERK2, and AKT. However, the exact process by which TFEB regulates tumor metastasis remains unclear in some pathways, which requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hu Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Shou-Ye Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
- Zhejiang Eyoung Pharmaceutical Research and Development Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311258, China
| | - Li-Hua Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Zhen-Rong Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Ya-Ping Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Die Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Hao-Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Zhao-Huang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Ya-Xin Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
| | - Zhi-Hui Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
| | - Jian-Shu Lou
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
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11
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Anti-Fibrotic Potential of Angiotensin (1-7) in Hemodynamically Overloaded Rat Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043490. [PMID: 36834901 PMCID: PMC9967643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic structure controlling the proper functioning of heart muscle. ECM remodeling with enhanced collagen deposition due to hemodynamic overload impairs cardiomyocyte adhesion and electrical coupling that contributes to cardiac mechanical dysfunction and arrhythmias. We aimed to explore ECM and connexin-43 (Cx43) signaling pathways in hemodynamically overloaded rat heart as well as the possible implication of angiotensin (1-7) (Ang (1-7)) to prevent/attenuate adverse myocardial remodeling. Male 8-week-old, normotensive Hannover Spraque-Dawley rats (HSD), hypertensive (mRen-2)27 transgenic rats (TGR) and Ang (1-7) transgenic rats (TGR(A1-7)3292) underwent aortocaval fistula (ACF) to produce volume overload. Five weeks later, biometric and heart tissue analyses were performed. Cardiac hypertrophy in response to volume overload was significantly less pronounced in TGR(A1-7)3292 compared to HSD rats. Moreover, a marker of fibrosis hydroxyproline was increased in both ventricles of volume-overloaded TGR while it was reduced in the Ang (1-7) right heart ventricle. The protein level and activity of MMP-2 were reduced in both ventricles of volume-overloaded TGR/TGR(A1-7)3292 compared to HSD. SMAD2/3 protein levels were decreased in the right ventricle of TGR(A1-7)3292 compared to HSD/TGR in response to volume overload. In parallel, Cx43 and pCx43 implicated in electrical coupling were increased in TGR(A1-7)3292 versus HSD/TGR. It can be concluded that Ang (1-7) exhibits cardio-protective and anti-fibrotic potential in conditions of cardiac volume overload.
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12
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Smith CE, Parnell LD, Lai CQ, Rush JE, Adin DB, Ordovás JM, Freeman LM. Metabolomic profiling in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy eating non-traditional or traditional diets and in healthy controls. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22585. [PMID: 36585421 PMCID: PMC9803641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), caused by genetic and environmental factors, usually progresses to heart failure, a major cause of death in elderly people. A diet-associated form of DCM was recently identified in pet dogs eating non-traditional (NT) diets. To identify potential dietary causes, we analyzed metabolomic signatures and gene set/pathway enrichment in (1) all dogs based on disease, diet, and their interactions and (2) dogs with DCM based on diet. Metabolomic analysis was performed in 38 dogs with DCM eating NT diets (DCM-NT), 8 dogs with DCM eating traditional diets, 12 healthy controls eating NT diets, and 17 healthy controls eating traditional diets. Overall, 153 and 63 metabolites differed significantly between dogs with DCM versus healthy controls and dogs eating NT versus traditional diets, respectively, with 12 metabolites overlapping both analyses. Protein-protein interaction networks and gene set enrichment analysis identified 105 significant pathways and gene sets including aging-related pathways (e.g., nuclear factor-kappa B, oxidative damage, inflammation). Seventeen metabolites differed significantly in dogs with DCM eating NT versus traditional diets (e.g., fatty acids, amino acids, legume biomarkers), suggesting different mechanisms for primary versus diet-associated DCM. Our multifaceted metabolomic assessment of DCM in dogs highlighted diet's role in some forms of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren E. Smith
- grid.429997.80000 0004 1936 7531Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Laurence D. Parnell
- grid.429997.80000 0004 1936 7531USDA Agricultural Research Service, Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- grid.429997.80000 0004 1936 7531USDA Agricultural Research Service, Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA USA
| | - John E. Rush
- grid.429997.80000 0004 1936 7531Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA USA
| | - Darcy B. Adin
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - José M. Ordovás
- grid.429997.80000 0004 1936 7531Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Lisa M. Freeman
- grid.429997.80000 0004 1936 7531Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA USA
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13
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Pharmacophore modeling, docking and molecular dynamics simulation for identification of novel human protein kinase C beta (PKCβ) inhibitors. Struct Chem 2022; 34:1157-1171. [PMID: 36248344 PMCID: PMC9553083 DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-02075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ) is considered as an attractive molecular target for the treatment of COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Several classes of inhibitors have been already identified. In this article, we developed and validated ligand-based PKCβ pharmacophore models based on the chemical structures of the known inhibitors. The most accurate pharmacophore model, which correctly predicted more than 70% active compounds of test set, included three aromatic pharmacophore features without vectors, one hydrogen bond acceptor pharmacophore feature, one hydrophobic pharmacophore feature and 158 excluded volumes. This pharmacophore model was used for virtual screening of compound collection in order to identify novel potent PKCβ inhibitors. Also, molecular docking of compound collection was performed and 28 compounds which were selected simultaneously by two approaches as top-scored were proposed for further biological research.
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14
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Upregulation of Phospholipase C Gene Expression Due to Norepinephrine-Induced Hypertrophic Response. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162488. [PMID: 36010565 PMCID: PMC9406906 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of phospholipase C (PLC) is thought to have a key role in the cardiomyocyte response to several different hypertrophic agents such as norepinephrine, angiotensin II and endothelin-1. PLC activity results in the generation of diacylglycerol and inositol trisphosphate, which are downstream signal transducers for the expression of fetal genes, increased protein synthesis, and subsequent cardiomyocyte growth. In this article, we describe the signal transduction elements that regulate PLC gene expression. The discussion is focused on the norepinephrine- α1-adrenoceptor signaling pathway and downstream signaling processes that mediate an upregulation of PLC isozyme gene expression. Evidence is also indicated to demonstrate that PLC activities self-regulate the expression of PLC isozymes with the suggestion that PLC activities may be part of a coordinated signaling process for the perpetuation of cardiac hypertrophy. Accordingly, from the information provided, it is plausible that specific PLC isozymes could be targeted for the mitigation of cardiac hypertrophy.
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15
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Wang Y, Morishima M, Ono K. Protein Kinase C Regulates Expression and Function of the Cav3.2 T-Type Ca2+ Channel during Maturation of Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocyte. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070686. [PMID: 35877889 PMCID: PMC9321535 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Two distinct isoforms of the T-type Ca2+ channel, Cav3.1 and Cav3.2, play a pivotal role in the generation of pacemaker potentials in nodal cells in the heart, although the isoform switches from Cav3.2 to Cav3.1 during the early neonatal period with an unknown mechanism. The present study was designed to investigate the molecular system of the parts that are responsible for the changes of T-type Ca2+ channel isoforms in neonatal cardiomyocytes using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique and mRNA quantification. The present study demonstrates that PKC activation accelerates the Ni2+-sensitive beating rate and upregulates the Ni2+-sensitive T-type Ca2+ channel current in neonatal cardiomyocytes as a long-term effect, whereas PKC inhibition delays the Ni2+-sensitive beating rate and downregulates the Ni2+-sensitive T-type Ca2+ channel current. Because the Ni2+-sensitive T-type Ca2+ channel current is largely composed of the Cav3.2-T-type Ca2+ channel, it is accordingly assumed that PKC activity plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the Cav3.2 channel. The expression of Cav3.2 mRNA was highly positively correlated with PKC activity. The expression of a transcription factor Nkx2.5 mRNA, possibly corresponding to the Cav3.2 channel gene, was decreased by an inhibition of PKCβII. These results suggest that PKC activation, presumably by PKCβII, is responsible for the upregulation of CaV3.2 T-type Ca2+ channel expression that interacts with a cardiac-specific transcription factor, Nkx2.5, in neonatal cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Oita 879-5593, Japan; (Y.W.); (M.M.)
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Masaki Morishima
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Oita 879-5593, Japan; (Y.W.); (M.M.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kindai University Faculty of Agriculture, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Katsushige Ono
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Oita 879-5593, Japan; (Y.W.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-97-586-5650
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16
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Tappia PS, Ramjiawan B, Dhalla NS. Role of Phospholipase C in Catecholamine-induced Increase in Myocardial Protein Synthesis. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:945-955. [PMID: 35767883 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the α1-adrenoceptor-(α1-AR) by norepinephrine results in the G-protein (Gqα) mediated increase in the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) activity. The byproducts of PLC hydrolytic activity, namely, 1,2-diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate, are important downstream signal transducers for increased protein synthesis in the cardiomyocyte and the subsequent hypertrophic response. In this article, evidence is outlined to demonstrate the role of cardiomyocyte PLC isozymes in the catecholamine-induced increase in protein synthesis by using a blocker of α1-AR and an inhibitor of PLC. The discussion will be focused on the α1-AR-Gqα-PLC-mediated hypertrophic signaling pathway from the viewpoint that it may compliment the other β1-AR-Gs protein-adenylyl cyclase signal transduction mechanisms in the early stages of cardiac hypertrophy development, but may become more relevant at the late stage of cardiac hypertrophy. From the information provided here, it is suggested that some specific PLC isozymes may potentially serve as important targets for the attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy in the vulnerable patient population at-risk for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramjit S Tappia
- Asper Clinical Research Institute, St. Boniface Hospital, Office of Clinical Research, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
| | - Bram Ramjiawan
- University of Manitoba, Faculty of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
| | - Naranjan S Dhalla
- St Boniface Hospital Research, 120927, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
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17
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PKC regulation of ion channels: The involvement of PIP 2. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102035. [PMID: 35588786 PMCID: PMC9198471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are integral membrane proteins whose gating has been increasingly shown to depend on the presence of the low-abundance membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate. The expression and function of ion channels is tightly regulated via protein phosphorylation by specific kinases, including various PKC isoforms. Several channels have further been shown to be regulated by PKC through altered surface expression, probability of channel opening, shifts in voltage dependence of their activation, or changes in inactivation or desensitization. In this review, we survey the impact of phosphorylation of various ion channels by PKC isoforms and examine the dependence of phosphorylated ion channels on phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate as a mechanistic endpoint to control channel gating.
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18
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Wang A, Li Z, Zhuo S, Gao F, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Ren G, Ma X. Mechanisms of Cardiorenal Protection With SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients With T2DM Based on Network Pharmacology. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:857952. [PMID: 35677689 PMCID: PMC9169967 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.857952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have cardiorenal protective effects regardless of whether they are combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but their specific pharmacological mechanisms remain undetermined. Materials and Methods We used databases to obtain information on the disease targets of “Chronic Kidney Disease,” “Heart Failure,” and “Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus” as well as the targets of SGLT2 inhibitors. After screening the common targets, we used Cytoscape 3.8.2 software to construct SGLT2 inhibitors' regulatory network and protein-protein interaction network. The clusterProfiler R package was used to perform gene ontology functional analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analyses on the target genes. Molecular docking was utilized to verify the relationship between SGLT2 inhibitors and core targets. Results Seven different SGLT2 inhibitors were found to have cardiorenal protective effects on 146 targets. The main mechanisms of action may be associated with lipid and atherosclerosis, MAPK signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, endocrine resistance, fluid shear stress, atherosclerosis, TNF signaling pathway, relaxin signaling pathway, neurotrophin signaling pathway, and AGEs-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications were related. Docking of SGLT2 inhibitors with key targets such as GAPDH, MAPK3, MMP9, MAPK1, and NRAS revealed that these compounds bind to proteins spontaneously. Conclusion Based on pharmacological networks, this study elucidates the potential mechanisms of action of SGLT2 inhibitors from a systemic and holistic perspective. These key targets and pathways will provide new ideas for future studies on the pharmacological mechanisms of cardiorenal protection by SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhu Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Li
- Qingdao West Coast New Area People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Sun Zhuo
- Qingdao West Coast New Area People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gaocan Ren
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochang Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaochang Ma
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19
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Qin X, Liu B, Gao F, Hu Y, Chen Z, Xu J, Zhang X. Gluconolactone Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Arrhythmias via Activating PKCε/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling. Front Physiol 2022; 13:856699. [PMID: 35360251 PMCID: PMC8964113 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.856699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gluconolactone (D-glucono-1,5-lactone or GDL) is a food additive which presents in dietary products such as tofu, yogurt, cheese, bread, wine, etc. GDL has long been considered as a free radical scavenger; however, its role in cardioprotection remains elusive. In this study, using a mouse model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and a model of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM), we explored the role of GDL in I/R injury. We found that GDL (5 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated myocardial I/R injury as evidenced by decreased infarct size, release of cardiac injury markers and apoptosis. Additionally, GDL decreased reperfusion-induced arrhythmias and oxidative stress. These effects were also observed in parallel in vitro studies. Mechanistically, we found that GDL treatment was strongly associated with activation of pro-survival extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling both in vivo and in vitro, and pharmacological inhibition of ERK signaling via U0126 attenuated GDL-induced cardioprotection against H/R injury in NRCM cells. To reveal how GDL regulates ERK signaling, we predicted the putative targets of GDL by Swiss Target Prediction, and protein kinase C (PKC) emerged as the most promising target for GDL. By pharmacological intervention and immunofluorescence, we found that PKCε, an important member of the PKC family, was activated after GDL treatment in heart, thereby leading to ERK activation and cardioprotection against I/R injury. Taken together, our results demonstrated that GDL acts as a potent activator of PKCε and, thus, provides cardioprotection against I/R injury via activation of ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Binghua Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, School of Clinical Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Cardiology, 986th Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Xu,
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Xing Zhang,
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20
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Naomi R, Yazid MD, Bahari H, Keong YY, Rajandram R, Embong H, Teoh SH, Halim S, Othman F. Bisphenol A (BPA) Leading to Obesity and Cardiovascular Complications: A Compilation of Current In Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2969. [PMID: 35328389 PMCID: PMC8949383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BPA is one of the most common endocrine disruptors that is widely being manufactured daily nationwide. Although scientific evidence supports claims of negative effects of BPA on humans, there is also evidence suggesting that a low level of BPA is safe. However, numerous in vivo trials contraindicate with this claim and there is a high possibility of BPA exposure could lead to obesity. It has been speculated that this does not stop with the exposed subjects only, but may also cause transgenerational effects. Direct disruption of endocrine regulation, neuroimmune and signaling pathways, as well as gut microbiata, has been identified to be interrupted by BPA exposure, leading to overweight or obesity. In these instances, cardiovascular complications are one of the primary notable clinical signs. In regard to this claim, this review paper discusses the role of BPA on obesity in the perspective of endocrine disruptions and possible cardiovascular complications that may arise due to BPA. Thus, the aim of this review is to outline the changes in gut microbiota and neuroimmune or signaling mechanisms involved in obesity in relation to BPA. To identify potentially relevant articles, a depth search was done on the databases Nature, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and Medline & Ovid from the past 5 years. According to Boolean operator guideline, selected keywords such as (1) BPA OR environmental chemical AND fat OR LDL OR obese AND transgenerational effects or phenocopy (2) Endocrine disruptors OR chemical AND lipodystrophy AND phenocopy (3) Lipid profile OR weight changes AND cardiovascular effect (4) BPA AND neuroimmune OR gene signaling, were used as search terms. Upon screening, 11 articles were finalized to be further reviewed and data extraction tables containing information on (1) the type of animal model (2) duration and dosage of BPA exposure (3) changes in the lipid profile or weight (4) genes, signaling mechanism, or any neuroimmune signal involved, and (5) transgenerational effects were created. In toto, the study indicates there are high chances of BPA exposure affecting lipid profile and gene associated with lipolysis, leading to obesity. Therefore, this scoping review recapitulates the possible effects of BPA that may lead to obesity with the evidence of current in vivo trials. The biomarkers, safety concerns, recommended dosage, and the impact of COVID-19 on BPA are also briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Naomi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Yong Yoke Keong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Retnagowri Rajandram
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hashim Embong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Soo Huat Teoh
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 13200, Malaysia
| | - Shariff Halim
- Neuroscience Research Group, International Medical School, Management & Science University, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
| | - Fezah Othman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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21
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Free fatty acid receptor 2 promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by activating STAT3 and GATA4. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Martinez-Fabregas J, Tamargo-Azpilicueta J, Diaz-Moreno I. Lysosomes: Multifunctional compartments ruled by a complex regulatory network. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:758-774. [PMID: 35218162 PMCID: PMC8972048 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 50 years have passed since Nobel laureate Cristian de Duve described for the first time the presence of tiny subcellular compartments filled with hydrolytic enzymes: the lysosome. For a long time, lysosomes were deemed simple waste bags exerting a plethora of hydrolytic activities involved in the recycling of biopolymers, and lysosomal genes were considered to just be simple housekeeping genes, transcribed in a constitutive fashion. However, lysosomes are emerging as multifunctional signalling hubs involved in multiple aspects of cell biology, both under homeostatic and pathological conditions. Lysosomes are involved in the regulation of cell metabolism through the mTOR/TFEB axis. They are also key players in the regulation and onset of the immune response. Furthermore, it is becoming clear that lysosomal hydrolases can regulate several biological processes outside of the lysosome. They are also implicated in a complex communication network among subcellular compartments that involves intimate organelle‐to‐organelle contacts. Furthermore, lysosomal dysfunction is nowadays accepted as the causative event behind several human pathologies: low frequency inherited diseases, cancer, or neurodegenerative, metabolic, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Recent advances in our knowledge of the complex biology of lysosomes have established them as promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of different pathologies. Although recent discoveries have started to highlight that lysosomes are controlled by a complex web of regulatory networks, which in some cases seem to be cell‐ and stimuli‐dependent, to harness the full potential of lysosomes as therapeutic targets, we need a deeper understanding of the little‐known signalling pathways regulating this subcellular compartment and its functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Martinez-Fabregas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) - Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquin Tamargo-Azpilicueta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) - Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irene Diaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) - Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
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23
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Miao LN, Pan D, Shi J, Du JP, Chen PF, Gao J, Yu Y, Shi DZ, Guo M. Role and Mechanism of PKC-δ for Cardiovascular Disease: Current Status and Perspective. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:816369. [PMID: 35242825 PMCID: PMC8885814 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.816369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a protein kinase with important cellular functions. PKC-δ, a member of the novel PKC subfamily, has been well-documented over the years. Activation of PKC-δ plays an important regulatory role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IRI) injury and myocardial fibrosis, and its activity and expression levels can regulate pathological cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. This article aims to review the structure and function of PKC-δ, summarize the current research regarding its activation mechanism and its role in cardiovascular disease, and provide novel insight into further research on the role of PKC-δ in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-na Miao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junhe Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-peng Du
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-fei Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiao Yu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Zhuo Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Da-Zhuo Shi
| | - Ming Guo
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ming Guo
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24
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Cao YJ, Li JY, Wang PX, Lin ZR, Yu WJ, Zhang JG, Lu J, Liu PQ. PKC-ζ Aggravates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Inhibiting Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:798436. [PMID: 35237161 PMCID: PMC8883055 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.798436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a chemotherapeutic drug used to treat a wide range of cancers, but its clinical application is limited due to its cardiotoxicity. Protein kinase C-ζ (PKC-ζ) is a serine/threonine kinase belonging to atypical protein kinase C (PKC) subfamily, and is activated by its phosphorylation. We and others have reported that PKC-ζ induced cardiac hypertrophy by activating the inflammatory signaling pathway. This study focused on whether PKC-ζ played an important role in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. We found that PKC-ζ phosphorylation was increased by Dox treatment in vivo and in vitro. PKC-ζ overexpression exacerbated Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Conversely, knockdown of PKC-ζ by siRNA relieved Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Similar results were observed when PKC-ζ enzyme activity was inhibited by its pseudosubstrate inhibitor, Myristoylated. PKC-ζ interacted with β-catenin and inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by LiCl protected against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. The Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor XAV-939 aggravated Dox-caused decline of β-catenin and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial damage. Moreover, activation of Wnt/β-catenin suppressed aggravation of Dox-induced cardiotoxicity due to PKC-ζ overexpression. Taken together, our study revealed that inhibition of PKC-ζ activity was a potential cardioprotective approach to preventing Dox-induced cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Cao
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Yan Li
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan-Xia Wang
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Lin
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yu
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Guo Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
- *Correspondence: Ji-Guo Zhang, ; Jing Lu, ; Pei-Qing Liu,
| | - Jing Lu
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ji-Guo Zhang, ; Jing Lu, ; Pei-Qing Liu,
| | - Pei-Qing Liu
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
- *Correspondence: Ji-Guo Zhang, ; Jing Lu, ; Pei-Qing Liu,
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25
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Tappia P, Elimban V, Dhalla N. Involvement of phospholipase C in the norepinephrine-induced hypertrophic response in Cardiomyocytes. SCRIPTA MEDICA 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed53-36527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) is known to mediate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the G protein coupled a1 -adrenoceptor (a1 -AR) and the activation of the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC). Since the by-products of PLC activity are important downstream signal transducers for cardiac hypertrophy, the role of and the regulatory mechanisms involved in the activation of PLC isozymes in cardiac hypertrophy are highlighted in this review. The discussion is focused to underscore PLC in different experimental models of cardiac hypertrophy, as well as in isolated adult and neonatal cardiomyocytes treated with NE. Particular emphasis is laid concerning the a1 -AR-PLC-mediated hypertrophic signalling pathway. From the information provided, it is evident that the specific activation of PLC isozymes is a primary signalling event in the a1 -AR mediated response to NE as well as initiation and progression of cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, the possibility of PLC involvement in the perpetuation of cardiac hypertrophy is also described. It is suggested that specific PLC isozymes may serve as viable targets for the prevention of cardiac hypertrophy in patient population at-risk for the development of heart failure.
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26
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Linciano P, Nasti R, Listro R, Amadio M, Pascale A, Potenza D, Vasile F, Minneci M, Ann J, Lee J, Zhou X, Mitchell GA, Blumberg PM, Rossi D, Collina S. Chiral 2-phenyl-3-hydroxypropyl esters as PKC-alpha modulators: HPLC enantioseparation, NMR absolute configuration assignment, and molecular docking studies. Chirality 2021; 34:498-513. [PMID: 34962318 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms play a pivotal role in the regulation of numerous cellular functions, making them extensively studied and highly attractive drug targets. In our previous work, we identified in racemate 1-2, based on the 2-benzyl-3-hydroxypropyl ester scaffold, two new potent and promising PKCα and PKCδ ligands, targeting the C1 domain of these two kinases. Herein, we report the resolution of the racemates by enantioselective semi-preparative HPLC. The attribution of the absolute configuration (AC) of homochirals 1 was performed by NMR, via methoxy-α-trifluoromethyl-α-phenylacetic acid derivatization (MTPA or Mosher's acid). Moreover, the match between the experimental and predicted electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra confirmed the assigned AC. These results proved that Mosher's esters can be properly exploited for the determination of the AC also for chiral primary alcohols. Lastly, homochiral 1 and 2 were assessed for binding affinity and functional activity against PKCα. No significative differences in the Ki of the enantiopure compounds was observed, thus suggesting that chirality does not seem to play a significant role in targeting PKC C1 domain. These results are in accordance with the molecular docking studies performed using a new homology model for the human PKCαC1B domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rita Nasti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Listro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Minneci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jihyae Ann
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gary A Mitchell
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter M Blumberg
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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27
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Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Signatures Predict the Early Asymptomatic Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246291. [PMID: 34944912 PMCID: PMC8699582 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy with doxorubicin (DOX) may cause unpredictable cardiotoxicity. This study aimed to determine whether the methylation signature of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) prior to and after the first cycle of DOX-based chemotherapy could predict the risk of cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients. Cardiotoxicity was defined as a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by >10%. DNA methylation of PBMCs from 9 patients with abnormal LVEF and 10 patients with normal LVEF were examined using Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. We have identified 14,883 differentially methylated CpGs at baseline and 18,718 CpGs after the first cycle of chemotherapy, which significantly correlated with LVEF status. Significant differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were found in the promoter and the gene body of SLFN12, IRF6 and RNF39 in patients with abnormal LVEF. The pathway analysis found enrichment for regulation of transcription, mRNA splicing, pathways in cancer and ErbB2/4 signaling. The preliminary results from this study showed that the DNA methylation profile of PBMCs may predict the risk of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity prior to chemotherapy. Further studies with larger cohorts of patients are needed to confirm these findings.
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28
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Gou X, Hu T, Gou Y, Li C, Yi M, Jia M. Specific protein kinase C isoform exerts chronic inhibition on the slowly activating delayed-rectifier potassium current by affecting channel trafficking. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:262-272. [PMID: 33535882 PMCID: PMC7872027 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1882112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The slowly activating delayed rectifier K+ current (IKs) plays a key role in the repolarization of ventricular action potential in the human heart and is formed by the pore-forming α-subunit encoded by KCNQ1 (Kv7.1) and β-subunit encoded by KCNE1. Evidence suggested that IKs was regulated through protein kinase C (PKC) pathway, but the mechanism is controversial. This study was designed to identify the specific PKC isoform involved in the long-term regulation of IKs current. The IKs current was recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp technique in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293B cell co-transfected with human KCNQ1/KCNE1 genes. The results revealed that both chronic activation of Ang II and PMA reduced the IKs current in a long-term regulation (about 24 hours). Further evidence showed that PKCε knockdown by siRNA antagonized the AngII-induced chronic inhibition on the IKs current, whereas knockdown of cPKC (PKCα and PKCβ) attenuated the inhibition effect of PMA on the current. Moreover, the forward transport inhibition of the channel with brefeldin A alleviated the Ang II-induced chronic inhibition on IKs current, while the channel endocytosis inhibition with dynasore alleviated both Ang II and PMA-induced chronic inhibition on IKs current. The above results showed that PKCε activation promoted the channel endocytosis and inhibited the channel forward transport to the plasma membrane, while cPKC activation only promoted the channel endocytosis, which both down regulated the channel current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Gou
- Tianjin Key Labortory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chaoqi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengran Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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29
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Gui M, Yao L, Lu B, Wang J, Zhou X, Li J, Dong Z, Fu D. Huoxue Qianyang Qutan recipe attenuates Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by regulating reactive oxygen species production. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1446. [PMID: 34721688 PMCID: PMC8549094 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous and irreversible cardiac hypertrophy can induce cardiac maladaptation and cardiac remodeling, resulting in increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. The present study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic effect of Huoxue Qianyang Qutan recipe (HQQR) on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Primary cardiomyocytes were isolated from the cardiac tissue of neonatal rats, followed by flow cytometry detection to confirm the proportion of primary cardiomyocytes. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and immunofluorescence detection were performed to examine the effect of Ang II and HQQR on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a series of metabolic indicators were quantified to investigate the effect of HQQR on Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Mitochondrial electron transport chain complex activity and related coding gene expression were determined to explore the effect of HQQR on mitochondrial function. HQQR significantly inhibited Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and restored Ang II-induced ROS accumulation, metabolic indicators, and membrane potential levels. HQQR also regulated the mitochondrial function related to the sirtuin 1 pathway in Ang II-induced cardiomyocytes by increasing the activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex and affecting the expression of genes encoding mitochondrial electron transport chain complex subunits. HQQR could alleviate Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by modulating oxidative stress, accumulating ROS and increasing mitochondrial electron transport chain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtai Gui
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Xunjie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Deyu Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
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30
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Activators and Inhibitors of Protein Kinase C (PKC): Their Applications in Clinical Trials. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111748. [PMID: 34834162 PMCID: PMC8621927 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC), a family of phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinase, is classed into three subfamilies based on their structural and activation characteristics: conventional or classic PKC isozymes (cPKCs; α, βI, βII, and γ), novel or non-classic PKC isozymes (nPKCs; δ, ε, η, and θ), and atypical PKC isozymes (aPKCs; ζ, ι, and λ). PKC inhibitors and activators are used to understand PKC-mediated intracellular signaling pathways and for the diagnosis and treatment of various PKC-associated diseases, such as cancers, neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and infections. Many clinical trials of PKC inhibitors in cancers showed no significant clinical benefits, meaning that there is a limitation to design a cancer therapeutic strategy targeting PKC alone. This review will focus on the activators and inhibitors of PKC and their applications in clinical trials.
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31
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Mui L, Martin CM, Tschirhart BJ, Feng Q. Therapeutic Potential of Annexins in Sepsis and COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:735472. [PMID: 34566657 PMCID: PMC8458574 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.735472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a continuing problem in modern healthcare, with a relatively high prevalence, and a significant mortality rate worldwide. Currently, no specific anti-sepsis treatment exists despite decades of research on developing potential therapies. Annexins are molecules that show efficacy in preclinical models of sepsis but have not been investigated as a potential therapy in patients with sepsis. Human annexins play important roles in cell membrane dynamics, as well as mediation of systemic effects. Most notably, annexins are highly involved in anti-inflammatory processes, adaptive immunity, modulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, as well as protective shielding of cells from phagocytosis. These discoveries led to the development of analogous peptides which mimic their physiological function, and investigation into the potential of using the annexins and their analogous peptides as therapeutic agents in conditions where inflammation and coagulation play a large role in the pathophysiology. In numerous studies, treatment with recombinant human annexins and annexin analogue peptides have consistently found positive outcomes in animal models of sepsis, myocardial infarction, and ischemia reperfusion injury. Annexins A1 and A5 improve organ function and reduce mortality in animal sepsis models, inhibit inflammatory processes, reduce inflammatory mediator release, and protect against ischemic injury. The mechanisms of action and demonstrated efficacy of annexins in animal models support development of annexins and their analogues for the treatment of sepsis. The effects of annexin A5 on inflammation and platelet activation may be particularly beneficial in disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Safety and efficacy of recombinant human annexin A5 are currently being studied in clinical trials in sepsis and severe COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Mui
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Dentistry and Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Claudio M Martin
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Dentistry and Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brent J Tschirhart
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Dentistry and Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Qingping Feng
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Dentistry and Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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32
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Bai L, Kee HJ, Han X, Zhao T, Kee SJ, Jeong MH. Protocatechuic acid attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy via downregulation of ROCK1-Sp1-PKCγ axis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17343. [PMID: 34462460 PMCID: PMC8405624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96761-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response of the myocardium to pressure overload or adrenergic agonists. Here, we investigated the protective effects and the regulatory mechanism of protocatechuic acid, a phenolic compound, using a mouse model of isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Our results demonstrated that protocatechuic acid treatment significantly downregulated the expression of cardiac hypertrophic markers (Nppa, Nppb, and Myh7), cardiomyocyte size, heart weight to body weight ratio, cross-sectional area, and thickness of left ventricular septum and posterior wall. This treatment also reduced the expression of isoproterenol-induced ROCK1, Sp1, and PKCγ both in vivo and in vitro. To investigate the mechanism, we performed knockdown and overexpression experiments. The knockdown of ROCK1, Sp1, or PKCγ decreased the isoproterenol-induced cell area and the expression of hypertrophic markers, while the overexpression of Sp1 or PKCγ increased the levels of hypertrophic markers. Protocatechuic acid treatment reversed these effects. Interestingly, the overexpression of Sp1 increased cell area and induced PKCγ expression. Furthermore, experiments using transcription inhibitor actinomycin D showed that ROCK1 and Sp1 suppression by protocatechuic acid was not regulated at the transcriptional level. Our results indicate that protocatechuic acid acts via the ROCK1/Sp1/PKCγ axis and therefore has promising therapeutic potential as a treatment for cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Bai
- Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
- Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kee
- Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
- Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xiongyi Han
- Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
- Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Tingwei Zhao
- Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
- Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
- Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Elhalem E, Bellomo A, Cooke M, Scravaglieri A, Pearce LV, Peach ML, Gandolfi Donadío L, Kazanietz MG, Comin MJ. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Novel sn-1 Heterocyclic DAG-Lactones as PKC Activators. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11418-11431. [PMID: 34279947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
DAG-lactones represent useful templates for the design of potent and selective C1 domain ligands for PKC isozymes. The ester moiety at the sn-1 position, a common feature in this template, is relevant for C1 domain interactions, but it represents a labile group susceptible to endogenous esterases. An interesting challenge involves replacing the ester group of these ligands while still maintaining biological activity. Here, we present the synthesis and functional characterization of novel diacylglycerol-lactones containing heterocyclic ring substituents at the sn-1 position. Our results showed that the new compound 10B12, a DAG-lactone with an isoxazole ring, binds PKCα and PKCε with nanomolar affinity. Remarkably, 10B12 displays preferential selectivity for PKCε translocation in cells and induces a PKCε-dependent reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton into peripheral ruffles in lung cancer cells. We conclude that introducing a stable isoxazole ring as an ester surrogate in DAG-lactones emerges as a novel structural approach to achieve PKC isozyme selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Elhalem
- Departamento de Ingredientes Activos y Biorrefinerías, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial, Av. General Paz 5445, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650WAB, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. General Paz 5445, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650WAB, Argentina
| | - Ana Bellomo
- Departamento de Ingredientes Activos y Biorrefinerías, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial, Av. General Paz 5445, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650WAB, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. General Paz 5445, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650WAB, Argentina
| | - Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Department of Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19141, United States
| | - Antonella Scravaglieri
- Departamento de Ingredientes Activos y Biorrefinerías, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial, Av. General Paz 5445, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650WAB, Argentina
| | - Larry V Pearce
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, United States
| | - Megan L Peach
- Basic Science Program, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Lucía Gandolfi Donadío
- Departamento de Ingredientes Activos y Biorrefinerías, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial, Av. General Paz 5445, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650WAB, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. General Paz 5445, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650WAB, Argentina
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - María J Comin
- Departamento de Ingredientes Activos y Biorrefinerías, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial, Av. General Paz 5445, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650WAB, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. General Paz 5445, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650WAB, Argentina
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Cheng N, Mo Q, Donelson J, Wang L, Breton G, Rodney GG, Wang J, Hirschi KD, Wehrens XHT, Nakata PA. Crucial Role of Mammalian Glutaredoxin 3 in Cardiac Energy Metabolism in Diet-induced Obese Mice Revealed by Transcriptome Analysis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2871-2883. [PMID: 34345213 PMCID: PMC8326124 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.60263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with metabolic dysregulation and oxidative stress with the latter serving as a possible unifying link between obesity and cardiovascular complications. Glutaredoxins (Grxs) comprise one of the major antioxidant systems in the heart. Although Grx3 has been shown to act as an endogenous negative regulator of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, its metabolic impact on cardiac function in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice remains largely unknown. In the present study, analysis of Grx3 expression indicated that Grx3 protein levels, but not mRNA levels, were significantly increased in the hearts of DIO mice. Cardiac-specific Grx3 deletion (Grx3 CKO) mice were viable and grew indistinguishably from their littermates after being fed a high fat diet (HFD) for one month, starting at 2 months of age. After being fed with a HFD for 8 months (starting at 2 months of age); however, Grx3 CKO DIO mice displayed left ventricular systolic dysfunction with a significant decrease in ejection fraction and fractional shortening that was associated with heart failure. ROS production was significantly increased in Grx3 CKO DIO cardiomyocytes compared to control cells. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant decline in the level of transcripts corresponding to genes associated with processes such as fatty acid uptake, mitochondrial fatty acid transport and oxidation, and citrate cycle in Grx3 CKO DIO mice compared to DIO controls. In contrast, an increase in the level of transcripts corresponding to genes associated with glucose uptake and utilization were found in Grx3 CKO DIO mice compared to DIO controls. Taken together, these findings indicate that Grx3 may play a critical role in redox balance and as a metabolic switch in cardiomyocytes contributing to the development and progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninghui Cheng
- USDA/ARS Children Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jimmonique Donelson
- USDA/ARS Children Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lingfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ghislain Breton
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - George G Rodney
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- USDA/ARS Children Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- USDA/ARS Children Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul A Nakata
- USDA/ARS Children Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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35
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Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis stems from the changes in the expression of fibrotic genes in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) in response to the tissue damage induced by various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) leading to their transformation into active myofibroblasts, which produce high amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins leading, in turn, to excessive deposition of ECM in cardiac tissue. The excessive accumulation of ECM elements causes heart stiffness, tissue scarring, electrical conduction disruption and finally cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Curcumin (Cur; also known as diferuloylmethane) is a polyphenol compound extracted from rhizomes of Curcuma longa with an influence on an extensive spectrum of biological phenomena including cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, pathogenesis, chemoprevention, apoptosis, angiogenesis and cardiac pathological changes. Cumulative evidence has suggested a beneficial role for Cur in improving disrupted cardiac function developed by cardiac fibrosis by establishing a balance between degradation and synthesis of ECM components. There are various molecular mechanisms contributing to the development of cardiac fibrosis. We presented a review of Cur effects on cardiac fibrosis and the discovered underlying mechanisms by them Cur interact to establish its cardio-protective effects.
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Yang CM, Yang CC, Hsiao LD, Yu CY, Tseng HC, Hsu CK, Situmorang JH. Upregulation of COX-2 and PGE 2 Induced by TNF-α Mediated Through TNFR1/MitoROS/PKCα/P38 MAPK, JNK1/2/FoxO1 Cascade in Human Cardiac Fibroblasts. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2807-2824. [PMID: 34234507 PMCID: PMC8254141 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s313665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has been shown to exert as a pathogenic factor in cardiac fibrosis and heart failure which were associated with the up-regulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) axis. However, whether TNF-α-induced COX-2/PGE2 upregulation mediated through ROS-dependent cascade remains elusive in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs). This study aims to address the underlying mechanisms of TNF-α-induced COX-2/PGE2 expression. Methods Here, we used TNF receptor neutralizing antibody (TNFR nAb), pharmacologic inhibitors, and siRNAs to dissect the involvement of signaling components examined by Western blot and ELISA in TNF-α-mediated responses in HCFs. MitoSOX Red was used to measure mitoROS generation. Isolation of subcellular fractions was performed to determine membrane translocation of PKCα. Promoter luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay were used to determine the role of transcription factor. Results We found that TNF-α time- and concentration-dependently upregulated COX-2 protein and mRNA expression as well as PGE2 synthesis which was attenuated by TNFR1 nAb, the inhibitor of mitochondrial ROS scavenger (MitoTEMPO), protein kinase C [(PKC)α, Gö6976], p38 MAPK [p38 inhibitor VIII, (p38i VIII)], JNK1/2 (SP600125), or forkhead box protein O1 [(FoxO1), AS1842856], and transfection with their respective siRNAs in HCFs. TNF-α-stimulated PKCα phosphorylation was inhibited by TNFR1 nAb, MitoTEMPO, or Gö6976. TNF-α stimulated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 was attenuated by TNFR1 nAb, MitoTEMPO, Gö6976, and their inhibitors p38i VIII and SP600125. Moreover, TNF-α-triggered FoxO1 phosphorylation was abolished by AS1842856, TNFR1 nAb, and its upstream inhibitors MitoTEMPO, Gö6976, p38i VIII, and SP600125. Phosphorylation of FoxO1 could enhance its interaction with the COX-2 promoter element revealed by ChIP assay, which was attenuated by AS1842856. Conclusion Our results suggested that TNF-α-induced COX-2/PGE2 upregulation is mediated through TNFR1-dependent MitoROS/PKCα/p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 cascade to activate FoxO1 binding with the COX-2 promoter in HCFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program for Biotech Pharmaceutical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Tao-Yuan, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Tseng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kai Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jiro Hasegawa Situmorang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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Chen L, Shi D, Guo M. The roles of PKC-δ and PKC-ε in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105716. [PMID: 34102229 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) cause a reduction in arterial blood supply to tissues, followed by the restoration of perfusion and consequent reoxygenation. The reestablishment of blood flow triggers further damage to ischemic tissue through reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, interference with cellular ion homeostasis, opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTPs) and promotion of cell death (apoptosis or necrosis). PKC-δ and PKC-ε, belonging to a family of serine/threonine kinases, have been demonstrated to play important roles during I/R injury in cardiovascular diseases. However, the cardioprotective mechanisms of PKC-δ and PKC-ε in I/R injury have not been elaborated until now. This article discusses the roles of PKC-δ and PKC-ε during myocardial I/R in redox regulation (redox signaling and oxidative stress), cell death (apoptosis and necrosis), Ca2+ overload, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xi yuan), Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ming Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Protein Kinase C as a Therapeutic Target in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115527. [PMID: 34073823 PMCID: PMC8197251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Driver-directed therapeutics have revolutionized cancer treatment, presenting similar or better efficacy compared to traditional chemotherapy and substantially improving quality of life. Despite significant advances, targeted therapy is greatly limited by resistance acquisition, which emerges in nearly all patients receiving treatment. As a result, identifying the molecular modulators of resistance is of great interest. Recent work has implicated protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes as mediators of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Importantly, previous findings on PKC have implicated this family of enzymes in both tumor-promotive and tumor-suppressive biology in various tissues. Here, we review the biological role of PKC isozymes in NSCLC through extensive analysis of cell-line-based studies to better understand the rationale for PKC inhibition. PKC isoforms α, ε, η, ι, ζ upregulation has been reported in lung cancer, and overexpression correlates with worse prognosis in NSCLC patients. Most importantly, PKC isozymes have been established as mediators of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in NSCLC. Unfortunately, however, PKC-directed therapeutics have yielded unsatisfactory results, likely due to a lack of specific evaluation for PKC. To achieve satisfactory results in clinical trials, predictive biomarkers of PKC activity must be established and screened for prior to patient enrollment. Furthermore, tandem inhibition of PKC and molecular drivers may be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent the emergence of resistance in NSCLC.
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Lukowski R, Cruz Santos M, Kuret A, Ruth P. cGMP and mitochondrial K + channels-Compartmentalized but closely connected in cardioprotection. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2344-2360. [PMID: 33991427 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3',5'-cGMP pathway triggers cytoprotective responses and improves cardiomyocyte survival during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. These beneficial effects were attributed to NO-sensitive GC induced cGMP production leading to activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (cGKI). cGKI in turn phosphorylates many substrates, which eventually facilitate opening of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mitoKATP ) and Ca2+ -activated potassium channels of the BK type (mitoBK). Accordingly, agents activating mitoKATP or mitoBK provide protection against I/R-induced damages. Here, we provide an up-to-date summary of the infarct-limiting actions exhibited by the GC/cGMP axis and discuss how mitoKATP and mitoBK, which are present at the inner mitochondrial membrane, confer mito- and cytoprotective effects on cardiomyocytes exposed to I/R injury. In view of this, we believe that the functional connection between the cGMP cascade and mitoK+ channels should be exploited further as adjunct to reperfusion therapy in myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lukowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Cruz Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anna Kuret
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter Ruth
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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40
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Jubaidi FF, Zainalabidin S, Taib IS, Hamid ZA, Budin SB. The Potential Role of Flavonoids in Ameliorating Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via Alleviation of Cardiac Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105094. [PMID: 34065781 PMCID: PMC8151300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the major mortality risk factors among diabetic patients worldwide. It has been established that most of the cardiac structural and functional alterations in the diabetic cardiomyopathy condition resulted from the hyperglycemia-induced persistent oxidative stress in the heart, resulting in the maladaptive responses of inflammation and apoptosis. Flavonoids, the most abundant phytochemical in plants, have been reported to exhibit diverse therapeutic potential in medicine and other biological activities. Flavonoids have been widely studied for their effects in protecting the heart against diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy. The potential of flavonoids in alleviating diabetic cardiomyopathy is mainly related with their remedial actions as anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic agents. In this review, we summarize the latest findings of flavonoid treatments on diabetic cardiomyopathy as well as elucidating the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Farhana Jubaidi
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (F.F.J.); (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.)
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Izatus Shima Taib
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (F.F.J.); (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.)
| | - Zariyantey Abd Hamid
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (F.F.J.); (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.)
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (F.F.J.); (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9289-7645
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Du Y, Wang T, Guo J, Li W, Yang T, Szendrey M, Zhang S. Kv1.5 channels are regulated by PKC-mediated endocytic degradation. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100514. [PMID: 33676894 PMCID: PMC8050386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.5 plays important roles in the repolarization of atrial action potentials and regulation of the vascular tone. While the modulation of Kv1.5 function has been well studied, less is known about how the protein levels of Kv1.5 on the cell membrane are regulated. Here, through electrophysiological and biochemical analyses of Kv1.5 channels heterologously expressed in HEK293 cells and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, as well as native Kv1.5 in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived atrial cardiomyocytes, we found that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 10 nM) diminished Kv1.5 current (IKv1.5) and protein levels of Kv1.5 in the plasma membrane. Mechanistically, PKC activation led to monoubiquitination and degradation of the mature Kv1.5 proteins. Overexpression of Vps24, a protein that sorts transmembrane proteins into lysosomes via the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway, accelerated, whereas the lysosome inhibitor bafilomycin A1 completely prevented PKC-mediated Kv1.5 degradation. Kv1.5, but not Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, or Kv1.4, was uniquely sensitive to PMA treatment. Sequence alignments suggested that residues within the N terminus of Kv1.5 are essential for PKC-mediated Kv1.5 reduction. Using N-terminal truncation as well as site-directed mutagenesis, we identified that Thr15 is the target site for PKC that mediates endocytic degradation of Kv1.5 channels. These findings indicate that alteration of protein levels in the plasma membrane represents an important regulatory mechanism of Kv1.5 channel function under PKC activation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tingzhong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wentao Li
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tonghua Yang
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Szendrey
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shetuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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42
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Protein kinase C-mediated calcium signaling as the basis for cardiomyocyte plasticity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 701:108817. [PMID: 33626379 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C is the superfamily of intracellular effector molecules which control crucial cellular functions. Here, we for the first time did the percentage estimation of all known PKC and PKC-related isozymes at the individual cadiomyocyte level. Broad spectrum of PKC transcripts is expressed in the left ventricular myocytes. In addition to the well-known 'heart-specific' PKCα, cardiomyocytes have the high expression levels of PKCN1, PKCδ, PKCD2, PKCε. In general, we detected all PKC isoforms excluding PKCη. In cardiomyocytes PKC activity tonically regulates voltage-gated Ca2+-currents, intracellular Ca2+ level and nitric oxide (NO) production. Imidazoline receptor of the first type (I1R)-mediated induction of the PKC activity positively modulates Ca2+ release through ryanodine receptor (RyR), increasing the Ca2+ leakage in the cytosol. In cardiomyocytes with the Ca2+-overloaded regions of > 9-10 μm size, the local PKC-induced Ca2+ signaling is transformed to global accompanied by spontaneous Ca2+ waves propagation across the entire cell perimeter. Such switching of Ca2+ signaling in cardiac cells can be important for the development of several cardiovascular pathologies and/or myocardial plasticity at the cardiomyocyte level.
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43
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Su Z, Liu Y, Zhang H. Adaptive Cardiac Metabolism Under Chronic Hypoxia: Mechanism and Clinical Implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:625524. [PMID: 33604337 PMCID: PMC7884626 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.625524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia is an essential component in many cardiac diseases. The heart consumes a substantial amount of energy and it is important to maintain the balance of energy supply and demand when oxygen is limited. Previous studies showed that the heart switches from fatty acid to glucose to maintain metabolic efficiency in the adaptation to chronic hypoxia. However, the underlying mechanism of this adaptive cardiac metabolism remains to be fully characterized. Moreover, how the altered cardiac metabolism affects the heart function in patients with chronic hypoxia has not been discussed in the current literature. In this review, we summarized new findings from animal and human studies to illustrate the mechanism underlying the adaptive cardiac metabolism under chronic hypoxia. Clinical focus is given to certain patients that are subject to the impact of chronic hypoxia, and potential treatment strategies that modulate cardiac metabolism and may improve the heart function in these patients are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Heart center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Heart center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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44
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Bowling FZ, Frohman MA, Airola MV. Structure and regulation of human phospholipase D. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 79:100783. [PMID: 33495125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian phospholipase D (PLD) generates phosphatidic acid, a dynamic lipid secondary messenger involved with a broad spectrum of cellular functions including but not limited to metabolism, migration, and exocytosis. As a promising pharmaceutical target, the biochemical properties of PLD have been well characterized. This has led to the recent crystal structures of human PLD1 and PLD2, the development of PLD specific pharmacological inhibitors, and the identification of cellular regulators of PLD. In this review, we discuss the PLD1 and PLD2 structures, PLD inhibition by small molecules, and the regulation of PLD activity by effector proteins and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Z Bowling
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Frohman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michael V Airola
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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45
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Pohjolainen L, Easton J, Solanki R, Ruskoaho H, Talman V. Pharmacological Protein Kinase C Modulators Reveal a Pro-hypertrophic Role for Novel Protein Kinase C Isoforms in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:553852. [PMID: 33584253 PMCID: PMC7874215 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.553852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes (CMs) is initially a compensatory mechanism to cardiac overload, but when prolonged, it leads to maladaptive myocardial remodeling, impairing cardiac function and causing heart failure. A key signaling molecule involved in cardiac hypertrophy is protein kinase C (PKC). However, the role of different PKC isoforms in mediating the hypertrophic response remains controversial. Both classical (cPKC) and novel (nPKC) isoforms have been suggested to play a critical role in rodents, whereas the role of PKC in hypertrophy of human CMs remains to be determined. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of two different types of PKC activators, the isophthalate derivative HMI-1b11 and bryostatin-1, on CM hypertrophy and to elucidate the role of cPKCs and nPKCs in endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced hypertrophy in vitro. Methods and Results: We used neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to study the effects of pharmacological PKC modulators and ET-1. We used quantitative reverse transcription PCR to quantify hypertrophic gene expression and high-content analysis (HCA) to investigate CM morphology. In both cell types, ET-1, PKC activation (bryostatin-1 and HMI-1b11) and inhibition of cPKCs (Gö6976) increased hypertrophic gene expression. In NRVMs, these treatments also induced a hypertrophic phenotype as measured by increased recognition, intensity and area of α-actinin and F-actin fibers. Inhibition of all PKC isoforms with Gö6983 inhibited PKC agonist-induced hypertrophy, but could not fully block ET-1-induced hypertrophy. The mitogen-activated kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor U0126 inhibited PKC agonist-induced hypertrophy fully and ET-1-induced hypertrophy partially. While ET-1 induced a clear increase in the percentage of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide-positive hiPSC-CMs, none of the phenotypic parameters used in HCA directly correlated with gene expression changes or with phenotypic changes observed in NRVMs. Conclusion: This work shows similar hypertrophic responses to PKC modulators in NRVMs and hiPSC-CMs. Pharmacological PKC activation induces CM hypertrophy via activation of novel PKC isoforms. This pro-hypertrophic effect of PKC activators should be considered when developing PKC-targeted compounds for e.g. cancer or Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, this study provides further evidence on distinct PKC-independent mechanisms of ET-1-induced hypertrophy both in NRVMs and hiPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Pohjolainen
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia Easton
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reesha Solanki
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Ruskoaho
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Talman
- Drug Research Program and Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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The Kinase Chemogenomic Set (KCGS): An Open Science Resource for Kinase Vulnerability Identification. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020566. [PMID: 33429995 PMCID: PMC7826789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the assembly and annotation of a chemogenomic set of protein kinase inhibitors as an open science resource for studying kinase biology. The set only includes inhibitors that show potent kinase inhibition and a narrow spectrum of activity when screened across a large panel of kinase biochemical assays. Currently, the set contains 187 inhibitors that cover 215 human kinases. The kinase chemogenomic set (KCGS), current Version 1.0, is the most highly annotated set of selective kinase inhibitors available to researchers for use in cell-based screens.
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Govindsamy A, Ghoor S, Cerf ME. Programming With Varying Dietary Fat Content Alters Cardiac Insulin Receptor, Glut4 and FoxO1 Immunoreactivity in Neonatal Rats, Whereas High Fat Programming Alters Cebpa Gene Expression in Neonatal Female Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:772095. [PMID: 35069436 PMCID: PMC8766637 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.772095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal programming refers to an intrauterine stimulus or insult that shapes growth, development and health outcomes. Dependent on the quality and quantity, dietary fats can be beneficial or detrimental for the growth of the fetus and can alter insulin signaling by regulating the expression of key factors. The effects of varying dietary fat content on the expression profiles of factors in the neonatal female and male rat heart were investigated and analyzed in control (10% fat), 20F (20% fat), 30F (30% fat) and 40F (40% fat which was a high fat diet used to induce high fat programming) neonatal rats. The whole neonatal heart was immunostained for insulin receptor, glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) and forkhead box protein 1 (FoxO1), followed by image analysis. The expression of 84 genes, commonly associated with the insulin signaling pathway, were then examined in 40F female and 40F male offspring. Maintenance on diets, varying in fat content during fetal life, altered the expression of cardiac factors, with changes induced from 20% fat in female neonates, but from 30% fat in male neonates. Further, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (Cebpa) was upregulated in 40F female neonates. There was, however, differential expression of several insulin signaling genes in 40F (high fat programmed) offspring, with some tending to significance but most differences were in fold changes (≥1.5 fold). The increased immunoreactivity for insulin receptor, Glut4 and FoxO1 in 20F female and 30F male neonatal rats may reflect a compensatory response to programming to maintain cardiac physiology. Cebpa was upregulated in female offspring maintained on a high fat diet, with fold increases in other insulin signaling genes viz. Aebp1, Cfd (adipsin), Adra1d, Prkcg, Igfbp, Retn (resistin) and Ucp1. In female offspring maintained on a high fat diet, increased Cebpa gene expression (concomitant with fold increases in other insulin signaling genes) may reflect cardiac stress and an adaptative response to cardiac inflammation, stress and/or injury, after high fat programming. Diet and the sex are determinants of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology, reflecting divergent mechanisms that are sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelene Govindsamy
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Samira Ghoor
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marlon E. Cerf
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Grants, Innovation and Product Development, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Marlon E. Cerf,
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Adiga D, Radhakrishnan R, Chakrabarty S, Kumar P, Kabekkodu SP. The Role of Calcium Signaling in Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cells Tissues Organs 2020; 211:134-156. [PMID: 33316804 DOI: 10.1159/000512277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial advances in the field of cancer therapeutics, metastasis is a significant challenge for a favorable clinical outcome. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process of acquiring increased motility, invasiveness, and therapeutic resistance by cancer cells for their sustained growth and survival. A plethora of intrinsic mechanisms and extrinsic microenvironmental factors drive the process of cancer metastasis. Calcium (Ca2+) signaling plays a critical role in dictating the adaptive metastatic cell behavior comprising of cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and intravasation. By modulating EMT, Ca2+ signaling can regulate the complexity and dynamics of events leading to metastasis. This review summarizes the role of Ca2+ signal remodeling in the regulation of EMT and metastasis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.,Center for DNA Repair and Genome Stability (CDRGS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India, .,Center for DNA Repair and Genome Stability (CDRGS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India,
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Gupta P, Taiyab A, Hassan MI. Emerging role of protein kinases in diabetes mellitus: From mechanism to therapy. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 124:47-85. [PMID: 33632470 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has emerged as a severe burden on the medical health system across the globe. Presently, around 422 million people are suffering from diabetes which is speculated to be expanded to about 600 million by 2035. Patients with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of developing detrimental metabolic and cardiovascular complications. The scientific understanding of this chronic disease and its underlying root cause is not yet fully unraveled. Protein kinases are well known to regulate almost every cellular process through phosphorylation of target protein in diverse signaling pathways. The important role of several protein kinases including AMP-activated protein kinase, IκB kinase and protein kinase C have been well demonstrated in various animal models. They modulate glucose tolerance, inflammation and insulin resistance in the cells via acting on diverse downstream targets and signaling pathways. Thus, modulating the activity of potential human kinases which are significantly involved in diabetes by targeting with small molecule inhibitors could be an attractive therapeutic strategy to tackle diabetes. In this chapter, we have discussed the potential role of protein kinases in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the small molecules reported in the literature that can be potentially used for the treatment of diabetes have been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Gupta
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Aaliya Taiyab
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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50
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Shugg T, Hudmon A, Overholser BR. Neurohormonal Regulation of I Ks in Heart Failure: Implications for Ventricular Arrhythmogenesis and Sudden Cardiac Death. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016900. [PMID: 32865116 PMCID: PMC7726975 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) results in sustained alterations in neurohormonal signaling, including enhanced signaling through the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system pathways. While enhanced sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity initially help compensate for the failing myocardium, sustained signaling through these pathways ultimately contributes to HF pathophysiology. HF remains a leading cause of mortality, with arrhythmogenic sudden cardiac death comprising a common mechanism of HF-related death. The propensity for arrhythmia development in HF occurs secondary to cardiac electrical remodeling that involves pathological regulation of ventricular ion channels, including the slow component of the delayed rectifier potassium current, that contribute to action potential duration prolongation. To elucidate a mechanistic explanation for how HF-mediated electrical remodeling predisposes to arrhythmia development, a multitude of investigations have investigated the specific regulatory effects of HF-associated stimuli, including enhanced sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system signaling, on the slow component of the delayed rectifier potassium current. The objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge related to the regulation of the slow component of the delayed rectifier potassium current in response to HF-associated stimuli, including the intracellular pathways involved and the specific regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Shugg
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
| | - Andy Hudmon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyPurdue University College of PharmacyWest LafayetteIN
| | - Brian R. Overholser
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN
- Department of Pharmacy PracticePurdue University College of PharmacyIndianapolisIN
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