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Kostova Z, Matanova VL. Transgenerational trauma and attachment. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1362561. [PMID: 38650899 PMCID: PMC11033415 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1362561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
An integrative approach is presented to understand the transmission mechanisms of attachment trauma and the quality of the internal working model through manifestations of bodily symptoms concerning physical and mental health. A case of dissociative symptomatology is described in a woman whose ancestors experienced individual and collective trauma related to the political regime. The approach allows for an analytical view beyond the standard complaints of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic symptoms, eating disorders, etc. A brief description of the transgenerational transmission of trauma is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanya L. Matanova
- Institute of Mental Health and Development (Bulgaria), Sofia, Bulgaria
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2
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Bailes LG, Blum A, Barnett W, Piersiak H, Takemoto S, Fleming B, Alexander C, Humphreys KL. Stressful life events and prenatal representations of the child. Attach Hum Dev 2024; 26:116-132. [PMID: 38655855 PMCID: PMC11218892 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2024.2345242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Caregivers' mental representations of their children can be assessed prenatally and are prospectively associated with later caregiving quality and caregiver-child attachment. Compared to balanced, distorted or disengaged representations are linked to insecure caregiver-child attachments. The present study explored factors (i.e. stressful life experiences and positive experiences) that may be linked to risk for distorted and disengaged representations. We used a brief version of the Prenatal Working Model of the Child Interview in a sample of 298 pregnant people (ages 19 to 45 years; M = 30.83, SD = 5.00) between gestational age 11-38 weeks (M = 23.49, SD = 5.70). A greater number of stressful events across three developmental periods (i.e., lifespan, childhood, and pregnancy) were related to increased odds of distorted, compared to balanced classification. Pregnancy stress had the largest association. Positive experiences from childhood did not buffer the association between stress and representations. Findings highlight the importance of stress on prenatal representations of one's child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Bailes
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Abigail Blum
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Whitney Barnett
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Hannah Piersiak
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Sydney Takemoto
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Brooke Fleming
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Caelan Alexander
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
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3
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Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Turner LV. Associations of Parental Depression with Children’s Internalizing and Externalizing Problems: Meta-Analyses of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Effects. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 51:827-849. [DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2127104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Yetter AM. Mothers' Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Depression: Associations with Children's Behavioral Functioning. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP21320-NP21344. [PMID: 34855526 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211056731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite robust bodies of literature documenting that both mothers' intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and mothers' mental health are consequential for children's behavioral functioning, the conjunction of these two risk factors is less understood. Findings are mixed as to whether mental health mediates the effect of IPV on behavioral functioning. Such mixed findings may result from literature primarily examining samples selected from clinical, shelter, or intervention settings. Furthermore, few studies have expanded the literature to assess moderation, rather than mediation, effects. While mediation analysis tests whether behavioral problems result from mothers' IPV because IPV increases depression, moderation analysis instead tests whether mother's IPV victimization has a different impact for their children based on whether or not the mother is also experiencing depression. The current study uses a representative survey of neighborhoods and households in Los Angeles County, the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (n = 1,913), to examine the combined effects of mothers' IPV victimization and depression on children's internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. The findings suggest that mothers' IPV victimization and depression have direct, positive effects on both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Additionally, there is a moderation effect such that children of mothers who suffer from both IPV victimization and depression have higher levels of internalizing behavior problems. These results emphasize the importance of addressing the mental health of IPV victims, not only for the benefit of the direct victim, but also for the benefit of her children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Yetter
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 6055Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
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5
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Amin K, Patel K. Role of Psychologists in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatr Clin North Am 2022; 69:865-878. [PMID: 36207098 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is stressful to both pediatric patients and their caregivers. Maternal anxiety during pregnancy is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. After birth, a prolonged hospital stay can be taxing on the infant and caregiver leading to long-term adverse effects. During adolescence, CHD continues to serve as a stressor for the child not only due to medical care but also due to social limitations and bullying. Many patients also struggle during the transition from adolescence to adult care. Psychologists may aid both the parents and child at all stages from pregnancy to the child's transition to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanhai Amin
- Yale University, 261 Park St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Keshav Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, Room 440, MC 718, Chicago, IL 60612-7323, USA.
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6
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Cheung RYM, Li Z, Ho APL. Parental Self-Compassion and Child Adjustment: The Mediating Role of Parental Depressive Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095133. [PMID: 35564528 PMCID: PMC9103894 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that self-compassion is associated with mental health and well-being. However, little has been done to understand the role of self-compassion in the family context. Hence, the present study investigated the associations between parents’ self-compassion, parent’s depressive symptoms, and child adjustment. A total 189 Chinese parents (101 mothers) whose children were 2–8 years old were recruited to complete a questionnaire, including measures of parents’ self-compassion, depressive symptoms, and children’s prosocial behavior, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems. Findings indicated mediation effects, in that parents’ depressive symptoms mediated the association between their self-compassion and child adjustment outcomes, namely children’s internalizing and externalizing problems, after controlling for the effects of monthly family income, child gender, and parent gender. Competing hypothesis suggested that parents’ self-compassion did not moderate between parents’ depressive symptoms and child adjustment outcomes. Hence, the association between parental depressive symptoms and child adjustment was not dependent on the level of parents’ self-compassion. As an implication, researchers and practitioners should be made aware of the benefits of parents’ self-compassion on parents’ mental health and child adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Y. M. Cheung
- Centre for Child and Family Science, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Zechen Li
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Audrey Pui Lam Ho
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
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Parental Expressed Emotion, Parenting Stress, and Behavioral Problems of Young Children with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and Idiopathic Autism Spectrum Disorder. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022:10.1007/s10578-021-01310-7. [PMID: 35083589 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the associations of parents' expressed emotion (EE) and parenting stress, with behavioral problems of children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, idiopathic autism (iASD) and typically developing (TD) children. Parents of children aged 3-8 years completed the five-minute-speech-sample (FMSS), parental stress index and children behavioral checklist. Parents' FMSS-EE-criticism was higher among parents of children with 22q11DS and iASD compared to parents of TD children. FMSS-EE scores predicted children's behavioral problems, above and beyond parenting stress. The associations between FMSS-EE, parenting stress and children's behavioral problems were consistent across 22q11DS, iASD and TD children. These findings highlight the need for targeting parents' EE and parenting stress as integral elements in the screening and prevention of behavioral problems of young children with 22q11DS and iASD.
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Attachment Representations in Children with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111516. [PMID: 34827515 PMCID: PMC8615467 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children is associated with several adverse family characteristics, such as higher parenting stress, more conflicted parent–child relationships, lower parental competence, and higher levels of parental psychopathology. Hence, children with ADHD more often grow up under suboptimal circumstances, which may impact the development of their attachment representations. Here, we investigated whether children with ADHD have more insecure and disorganized attachment representations than their typically developing peers, and which factors could explain this association. We included 104 children between 4 and 11 years old, 74 with ADHD (without Conduct Disorder) and 30 typically developing control children. Children completed a state-of-the-art story stem task to assess their attachment representation, and we measured parents’ expressed emotion (as an index of parent–child relationship quality), parents’ perceived sense of competence, parental education levels, and parent-rated ODD symptoms of the child. We found that, after controlling for multiple comparisons, children with ADHD had less secure and more ambivalent and disorganized attachment representations relative to their typically developing peers. These group differences were independent of comorbid ODD and parental education levels. There were no group differences on avoidant attachment representations. Explorative analyses within the ADHD group showed that attachment representations were not related to parent–child relationship quality, perceived parenting competence, parental education levels, and comorbid ODD symptoms. We conclude that children with ADHD disproportionately often have attachment problems. Although this conclusion is important, treatment implications of this co-occurrence are yet unclear as research on ADHD and attachment is still in its infancy.
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Smith J, Sulek R, Green CC, Bent CA, Chetcuti L, Bridie L, Benson PR, Barnes J, Hudry K. Relative predictive utility of the original and Autism-Specific Five-Minute Speech Samples for child behaviour problems in autistic preschoolers: A preliminary study. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021; 26:1188-1200. [PMID: 34519569 DOI: 10.1177/13623613211044336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Parental Expressed Emotion refers to the intensity and nature of emotion shown when a parent talks about their child, and has been linked to child behaviour outcomes. Parental Expressed Emotion has typically been measured using the Five-Minute Speech Sample; however, the Autism-Specific Five-Minute Speech Sample was developed to better capture Expressed Emotion for parents of children on the autism spectrum. In each case, parents are asked to talk for 5 min about their child and how they get along with their child. Parents' statements are then coded for features such as number of positive and critical comments, or statements reflecting strong emotional involvement. While both the Five-Minute Speech Sample and Autism-Specific Five-Minute Speech Sample have been used with parents of autistic school-aged children, their relative usefulness for measuring Expressed Emotion in parents of preschool-aged children - including their links to child behaviour problems in this group - is unclear. We collected speech samples from 51 parents of newly diagnosed autistic preschoolers to investigate similarities and differences in results from the Five-Minute Speech Sample and Autism-Specific Five-Minute Speech Sample coding schemes. This included exploring the extent to which the Five-Minute Speech Sample and Autism-Specific Five-Minute Speech Sample, separately, or together, predicted current and future child behaviour problems. While the two measures were related, we found only the Autism-Specific Five-Minute Speech Sample - but not the Five-Minute Speech Sample - was related to child behavioural challenges. This adds support to the suggestion that the Autism-Specific Five-Minute Speech Sample may be a more useful measure of parental Expressed Emotion in this group, and provides a first step towards understanding how autistic children might be better supported by targeting parental Expressed Emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhylee Sulek
- La Trobe University, Australia
- Griffith University, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jacqueline Barnes
- Birkbeck, University of London, UK
- University of Wollongong, Australia
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Fahrer J, Brill N, Dobener LM, Asbrand J, Christiansen H. Expressed Emotion in the Family: A Meta-Analytic Review of Expressed Emotion as a Mechanism of the Transgenerational Transmission of Mental Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:721796. [PMID: 35177995 PMCID: PMC8846301 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.721796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High Expressed Emotion (HEE) has been identified as a risk factor for the exacerbation and course of mental illness. EE has been investigated as a caregiver's response to an offspring's problem behavior and pathology. The present meta-analysis regards EE from a transgenerational perspective and as one mechanism that might explain the transgenerational transmission of mental disorders. METHOD We identified a total of 13 studies relying on 16 independent samples of parent-child dyads of parents with a mental illness and healthy controls; these were included in our analysis. Results were synthesized into one effect size per sample; meta-regression on additional effects of parental diagnostic category, child mental illness, and child age were also applied. RESULTS Parents with a mental illness are classified as HEE significantly more often. Effects were established for high criticism, albeit of small size (OR = 1.45), although they become stronger whenever offspring exhibit mental illness themselves (OR = 2.82). CONCLUSION The current study highlights the dearth of studies on EE in families in which a parent has a mental illness and its effects on their children. Our findings highlight EE as a potential mechanism for attributing the transgenerational transmission of mental disorders, especially for the EE-variable criticism, indicating dysfunctional parent-child interactions. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019117609, identifier: CRD42019117609.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fahrer
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Special Needs Educational and Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Brill
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Marie Dobener
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia Asbrand
- Institute of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna Christiansen
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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11
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Rea HM, Factor RS, Kao W, Shaffer A. A Meta-analytic Review of the Five Minute Speech Sample as a Measure of Family Emotional Climate for Youth: Relations with Internalizing and Externalizing Symptomatology. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2020; 51:656-669. [PMID: 32048112 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-00964-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Five Minute Speech Sample's (FMSS) measure of parental expressed emotion (EE), defined as criticism (CRIT) and emotional overinvolvement (EOI), has been increasingly used to measure family emotional climate in relation to youth psychopathological development. As CRIT and EOI were defined based on adults, a meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted to analyze the presence and strength of an effect among maternal CRIT and EOI with youth internalizing and externalizing problems. A random effects model was used to analyze the 42 studies on families of youth (aged 1.5 to 19). There was a small, significant relation among maternal CRIT with youth internalizing and externalizing problems and among EOI with youth internalizing problems. EOI was not significantly related to externalizing problems. The current study suggests that the FMSS measure of CRIT is a more robust correlate of youth internalizing and externalizing symptoms than EOI, but EOI does relate to internalizing behaviors. Few moderators emerged, highlighting a continued need to identify factors accounting for heterogeneity. The current results suggest that the FMSS measure of CRIT may be a valuable measure of the family emotional climate in families of youth, but care should be taken when including analyses on EOI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Rea
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Reina S Factor
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Virginia Tech Center for Autism Research, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Wesley Kao
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Anne Shaffer
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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12
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Emotion socialization in mothers with mood disorders: Affective modeling and recollected responses to childhood emotion. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 33:1156-1169. [PMID: 32672147 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that emotion socialization may be disrupted by maternal depression. However, little is known about emotion-related parenting by mothers with bipolar disorder or whether affective modeling in early childhood is linked to young adults' recollections of emotion socialization practices. The current study investigates emotion socialization by mothers with histories of major depression, bipolar disorder, or no mood disorder. Affective modeling was coded from parent-child interactions in early childhood and maternal responses to negative emotions were recollected by young adult offspring (n = 131, 59.5% female, M age = 22.16, SD = 2.58). Multilevel models revealed that maternal bipolar disorder was associated with more neglecting, punishing, and magnifying responses to children's emotions, whereas maternal major depression was associated with more magnifying responses; links between maternal diagnosis and magnifying responses were robust to covariates. Young adult recollections of maternal responses to emotion were predicted by affective modeling in early childhood, providing preliminary validity evidence for the Emotions as a Child Scale. Findings provide novel evidence that major depression and bipolar disorder are associated with altered emotion socialization and that maternal affective modeling in early childhood prospectively predicts young adults' recollections of emotion socialization in families with and without mood disorder.
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Śliwerski A, Kossakowska K, Jarecka K, Świtalska J, Bielawska-Batorowicz E. The Effect of Maternal Depression on Infant Attachment: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2675. [PMID: 32295106 PMCID: PMC7216154 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aims and objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the key findings of empirical studies assessing the influence of maternal depression on child attachment security measured before 24 months after birth. Method: The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. A literature search was conducted on the EBSCO (Academic Search Complete; Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition; MEDLINE; PsycARTICLES) and PubMed databases, with infant attachment AND depression as search terms with Boolean operators. Study design or sample size did not affect inclusion. After screening, 29 of the 1510 unique publications originally identified were included in the review. Results: The studies reveal an equivocal association between maternal depression and child attachment security. Our findings indicate that depression had a significant influence on the attachment style almost only when diagnosed by structured interview: Depression measured by self-descriptive questionnaires was unrelated to attachment style. Furthermore, postpartum depression was found to be significant only when measured up to six months after childbirth. Conclusion: The relationship between maternal depression and infant attachment is both complex and dynamic, and the possible negative effects of depression might be compensated by maternal involvement in childcare. Therefore, further studies in this area should employ a reliable methodology for diagnosing depression and a suitable time point for measuring it; they should also adopt a multifactorial and prospective approach. It is important to note that breastfeeding/formula feeding was omitted as a factor in the majority of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Śliwerski
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, 91-433 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (K.J.); (J.Ś.); (E.B.-B.)
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Warmingham JM, Rogosch FA, Cicchetti D. Intergenerational maltreatment and child emotion dysregulation. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 102:104377. [PMID: 32018212 PMCID: PMC7067645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment has been related to adverse outcomes on social, cognitive, and biological development with sequelae present throughout the lifespan. As such, caregivers maltreated in childhood may face a different set of challenges and interpersonal stressors in rearing their children. Parental history of maltreatment has the potential to increase the risk of parental depression and exposure to maltreatment in the next generation, both of which can have a negative effect on children's development. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to investigate maternal depression and child experiences of maltreatment as mediators of the relationship between mothers' own maltreatment experiences and child emotion dysregulation in children aged 10-12. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 378 low-income mothers and their children were recruited to participate in a research summer camp from 2004-2007. METHOD Mothers self-reported on their experiences of maltreatment in childhood and current depressive symptoms. Current generation child maltreatment information was coded from Child Protective Services records. Child emotion dysregulation (rated by camp counselors) was the outcome measure in this study. Structural equation modeling was employed to test associations between maternal maltreatment and child emotion dysregulation. RESULTS Maternal history of maltreatment related to both child maltreatment (β = .24, SE = .052, p < .001) and greater maternal depressive symptoms (β = .28, SE = .049, p < .001). Only child maltreatment mediated the effect of mothers' maltreatment on child emotion dysregulation (95 %CI: .005-.023). CONCLUSIONS In this low-income sample, the rate of intergenerational maltreatment is high and represents a pathway of influence that increases risk for maladaptive socioemotional child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Warmingham
- University of Rochester, Mt. Hope Family Center, 187 Edinburgh St, Rochester, NY 14608, United States.
| | - Fred A Rogosch
- University of Rochester, Mt. Hope Family Center, 187 Edinburgh St, Rochester, NY 14608, United States.
| | - Dante Cicchetti
- University of Rochester, Mt. Hope Family Center, 187 Edinburgh St, Rochester, NY 14608, United States; University of Minnesota, United States
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15
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Lotz AM, Rijlaarsdam J, Witteman J, Meijer W, van Dijk K, van Ijzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. Vasopressin and parental expressed emotion in the transition to fatherhood. Attach Hum Dev 2020; 23:257-273. [PMID: 31997704 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2020.1719427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, parenting researchers increasingly focused on the role of fathers in child development. However, it is still largely unknown which factors contribute to fathers' beliefs about their child, which may be crucial in the transition to fatherhood. In the current randomized within-subject experiment, the effect of nasal administration of vasopressin (AVP) on both Five Minute Speech Sample-based (FMSS) expressed emotion and emotional content or prosody was explored in 25 prospectivefathers. Moreover, we explored how the transition to fatherhood affected these FMSS-based parameters, using prenatal and early postnatal measurements. Analyses revealed that FMSS-based expressed emotion and emotional content were correlated, but not affected by prenatal AVP administration. However,child's birth was associated with an increase in positivity and a decrease in emotional prosody, suggesting that the child's birth is more influential with regard to paternal thoughts and feelings than prenatal AVP administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Lotz
- Clinical Child & Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jolien Rijlaarsdam
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Witteman
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn Meijer
- Clinical Child & Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kim van Dijk
- Clinical Child & Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van Ijzendoorn
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg
- Clinical Child & Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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16
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Davis JAG, Alto ME, Oshri A, Rogosch F, Cicchetti D, Toth SL. The effect of maternal depression on mental representations and child negative affect. J Affect Disord 2020; 261:9-20. [PMID: 31600590 PMCID: PMC6936600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal depression is a widely recognized public health concern with significant implications for child functioning, including the development of negative child affect and risk for later depression. Negative mental representations may partially account for the association between maternal depression and child negative affect. METHODS The effect of depression on low-income mothers' representations of their child, self, and mother was assessed via Expressed Emotion (EE) during Five-Minute Speech Samples. Direct and indirect pathways between maternal depression, EE, and child negative affect were examined. Mothers (M = 24 years old) who had experienced a major depressive episode (n = 144) since child's birth, non-depressed comparison mothers (n = 62), and their children participated. RESULTS Examination of between-group differences revealed that depressed mothers had higher levels of overall self EE. Trend results also suggest depressed mothers may have higher overall EE toward their children and their own mothers. Novel coding systems for EE toward self (Identity and Depressotypic Cognitions) and EE toward mother (Source of Concrete Support and Resolution of Past Adversity) were also developed and tested. A significant indirect relation was found between maternal baseline depression and child negative affect at 26 months via the mother's level of EE-Criticism of her mother. LIMITATIONS Certain EE subcodes may need to be adapted for young children and high-risk, low-income participants. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlights the importance of relational interventions that focus on maternal representations for women with depression and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle E Alto
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | | | - Fred Rogosch
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dante Cicchetti
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sheree L Toth
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Maternal perinatal mental health: Associations with bonding, mindfulness, and self‐criticism at 18 months’ postpartum. Infant Ment Health J 2019; 41:69-81. [DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Garber J, Goodman SH, Brunwasser SM, Frankel SA, Herrington CG. The effect of content and tone of maternal evaluative feedback on self-cognitions and affect in young children. J Exp Child Psychol 2019; 182:151-165. [PMID: 30826468 PMCID: PMC6414248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Feedback that young children receive from others can affect their emotions and emerging self-views. The current experiment tested the effect of negative content (criticism) and negative tone (hostile) of the feedback on children's affect, self-evaluations, and attributions. We also explored whether maternal history of depression and children's temperament moderated these relations. Participants were 152 mothers and children (48% girls) aged 4 and 5 years (M = 61.6 months, SD = 6.83). The task involved three scenarios enacted by dolls; a child doll made something (e.g., picture, house, numbers) that had a mistake (e.g., no windows on the house) and proudly showed it to the mother doll, who then gave feedback (standardized, audio recorded) to the child. Children were randomized to one of four maternal feedback conditions: negative or neutral content in either a negative or neutral tone. Negative content (criticism) produced significantly more negative affect and lower self-evaluations than neutral content. When the tone of the feedback was hostile, children of mothers who had been depressed during the children's lifetimes were significantly more likely to make internal attributions for mistakes than children of nondepressed mothers. In addition, among children with low temperamental negative affectivity, in the presence of negative tone, negative content significantly predicted more internal attributions for the errors. Findings are discussed in terms of understanding the role of evaluative feedback in children's emerging social cognitions and affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Garber
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
| | | | | | - Sarah A Frankel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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19
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Understanding the Pathways between Mothers' Childhood Maltreatment Experiences and Patterns of Insecure Attachment with Young Children via Symptoms of Depression. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2018; 49:928-940. [PMID: 29752663 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-018-0808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Although research has suggested that mothers who experienced childhood maltreatment tend to exhibit heightened risk for attachment difficulties with their young children, less is known about the mechanisms underlying this association. Thus, this study examined mothers' symptoms of depression as a mediator in the relationship between mothers' childhood maltreatment experiences and patterns of insecure (i.e., anxious, avoidant, and disorganized) mother-young child attachment. Mothers (N = 146) with children aged 1½-to 5-years provided ratings of their childhood maltreatment experiences, attachment with their young children, and symptoms of depression. Mothers' symptoms of depression mediated significantly the relationship between mothers' childhood maltreatment experiences and patterns of insecure mother-young child attachment. These findings suggested that symptoms of depression in the context of mothers' childhood maltreatment may be related more directly to mother-young child attachment than childhood maltreatment experiences alone. These results demonstrated the importance of promoting trauma-informed parenting interventions for facilitating secure emotional connections between mothers and their young children.
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20
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Maich K, Somma M, Hill R. Canadian school programs for students with emotional/behavioural disorders: A Decade of programs, policies, and practice. EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIOURAL DIFFICULTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13632752.2018.1497006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Maich
- Faculty of Education, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Monique Somma
- Faculty of Education, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Randy Hill
- Faculty of Education, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Clark DA, Klump KL, Burt SA. Parent depressive symptomatology moderates the etiology of externalizing behavior in childhood: An examination of gene-environment interaction effects. Dev Psychol 2018; 54:1277-1289. [PMID: 29697999 PMCID: PMC6019122 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Parent depressive symptomatology is robust risk factor for externalizing behavior in childhood (Goodman et al., 2011). Although the precise mechanisms underlying this association have yet to be fully illuminated, there is some evidence that parent depression can impact externalizing behavior via both genetic and environmental pathways. In the current study, we investigated the extent to which genetic and environmental influences on externalizing behavior are moderated by parent depressive symptoms (i.e., genotype-environment interaction) in a sample of 2,060, 6- to 11-year-old twins. Results suggest that genetic influences explain more variance in externalizing behavior as maternal depressive symptoms increase, whereas shared environmental effects decrease. These findings were specific to maternal depressive symptoms, however, and did not extend to not paternal depressive symptoms. Findings are critical for understanding the role of parental depression as a risk factor for problematic child behavior, and informing programs that seek to minimize the impact of this risk factor. (PsycINFO Database Record
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22
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Sher-Censor E, Shulman C, Cohen E. Associations among mothers' representations of their relationship with their toddlers, maternal parenting stress, and toddlers' internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Infant Behav Dev 2017; 50:132-139. [PMID: 29277061 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the array of associations among the emotional valence and the coherence of mothers' representations of their relationship with their toddlers, mothers' reported parenting stress, and toddlers' internalizing and externalizing behaviors. To evaluate maternal representations, 55 mothers were interviewed using the Five Minute Speech Sample procedure (FMSS; Magaña et al., 1986), which was coded for criticism and positive comments (Magaňa-Amato, 1993), as well as coherence (Sher-Censor & Yates, 2015). Mothers also completed the Parenting Stress Index - Short Form (PSI; Abidin, 1997) to evaluate their parenting stress and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/1.5-5; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000) to assess their toddlers' internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Results indicated that parenting stress was associated with maternal criticism and fewer positive comments in the FMSS, but not with the coherence of mothers' FMSS. Parenting stress, criticism, and lower coherence in the FMSS were associated with maternal reports of externalizing behaviors. Only parenting stress and lower coherence in the FMSS were related to mothers' reports of internalizing behaviors of the child. Thus, the emotional valence and the coherence of mothers' representations of their relationship with their child and parenting stress may each constitute a distinct aspect of parenting and contribute to the understanding of individual differences in toddlers' internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Implications for research and practice with families of toddlers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cory Shulman
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esther Cohen
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Herzliya Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
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23
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Pizeta FA, Silva APC, Loureiro SR. Resilience to Cumulative Stressors: A Prediction Study of Schoolchildren Living With Maternal Depression. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2017; 53:321-328. [PMID: 27461760 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the predictive effect of multiple variables of risk and resilience on the behavior of school-age children living with maternal depression. DESIGN AND METHODS In a cross-sectional predictive study, the influence of maternal depression, cumulative stressors, and resilience on the behavior of children was analyzed. FINDINGS In the univariate analysis, maternal depression and cumulative stressors were considered as risks, and resilience as protection for the children. In the multivariate analysis, resilience was a predictor of fewer problems in the presence of maternal depression and risks. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The degree of resilience was an indicator for the relevance of developmental actions involving effective coping skills for cumulative stressors, including maternal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Aguiar Pizeta
- School of Medicine in Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, is Forense Psychologist in Justice Court of the State of São Paulo, and Professor in Psychology Course, Paulista University, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Casagrande Silva
- School of Medicine in Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, is Psychologist, Clinical Hospital of School of Medicine in Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sonia Regina Loureiro
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior Sciences, School of Medicine in Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Schwarte R, Timmesfeld N, Dempfle A, Krei M, Egberts K, Jaite C, Fleischhaker C, Wewetzer C, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Seitz J, Bühren K. Expressed Emotions and Depressive Symptoms in Caregivers of Adolescents with First-Onset Anorexia Nervosa-A Long-Term Investigation over 2.5 Years. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2017; 25:44-51. [PMID: 27943533 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High levels of expressed emotions (EE) and depressive symptoms (DS) are often found in caregivers of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Both parameters are considered to influence AN symptoms of the patient. METHODS One hundred seventy adolescent women with AN and their caregivers were assessed at admission, discharge, at 1-year and 2.5-year follow up to evaluate AN symptoms of the patient and EE and DS of caregivers. RESULTS The EE and DS were elevated at admission and decreased during treatment, criticism (as part of EE) exhibited again at the 2.5-year follow up. Caregivers of more severely ill patients reported significantly greater levels of EE and DS. Mothers were more affected than fathers. EE and DS were interrelated. CONCLUSION Caregivers of adolescent AN patients suffer from elevated levels of EE and DS. Further studies are needed to examine whether therapeutic interventions to reduce caregivers' EE and DS might have a positive influence on treatment outcome. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhild Schwarte
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinics RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Timmesfeld
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Melanie Krei
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinics RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karin Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Jaite
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Fleischhaker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinics Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Wewetzer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Köln-Holweide, Germany
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinics RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinics RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Bühren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinics RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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25
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Developmental cascade effects of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers: Longitudinal associations with toddler attachment, temperament, and maternal parenting efficacy. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 29:601-615. [PMID: 28401849 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Using a developmental cascades framework, the current study investigated whether treating maternal depression via interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) may lead to more widespread positive adaptation for offspring and mothers including benefits to toddler attachment and temperament, and maternal parenting self-efficacy. The participants (N = 125 mother-child dyads; mean mother age at baseline = 25.43 years; 54.4% of mothers were African American; mean offspring age at baseline = 13.23 months) were from a randomized controlled trial of IPT for a sample of racially and ethnically diverse, socioeconomically disadvantaged mothers of infants. Mothers were randomized to IPT (n = 97) or an enhanced community standard control group (n = 28). The results of complier average causal effect modeling showed that engagement with IPT led to significant decreases in maternal depressive symptoms at posttreatment. Moreover, reductions in maternal depression posttreatment were associated with less toddler disorganized attachment characteristics, more adaptive maternal perceptions of toddler temperament, and improved maternal parenting efficacy 8 months following the completion of treatment. Our findings contribute to the emerging literature documenting the potential benefits to children of successfully treating maternal depression. Alleviating maternal depression appears to initiate a cascade of positive adaptation among both mothers and offspring, which may alter the well-documented risk trajectory for offspring of depressed mothers.
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26
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Maternal depression and trajectories of adolescent depression: The role of stress responses in youth risk and resilience. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 29:1413-1429. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study examined the independent and interactive contributions of maternal depression and youth stress responses to trajectories of youth depression in adolescence. Youths (n = 165, M age = 12.43, SD = 1.18) and their maternal caregivers participated in a 4-year longitudinal study. Mothers and youths were administered diagnostic interviews assessing depression, and youths provided reports of their responses to peer stress. Consistent with an interactive model, adaptive responses to stress (high effortful engagement and low involuntary disengagement) buffered the effect of maternal depression on initial levels and trajectories of youth depression, with gender differences emerging. Consistent with a dual-risk model, maternal depression and maladaptive responses to stress (high effortful disengagement and involuntary engagement) contributed additive risks such that youths displayed the highest levels of depression when they were exposed to maternal depression and showed maladaptive stress responses. This research provides novel evidence that responses to stress contribute to individual differences in depression among offspring of depressed mothers, and suggests that responses to stress are an important target for efforts to promote resilience in at-risk youth.
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27
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Diffin J, Spence K, Naranian T, Badawi N, Johnston L. Stress and distress in parents of neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit for cardiac surgery. Early Hum Dev 2016; 103:101-107. [PMID: 27565126 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) are at risk of psychological distress and NICU-related stress. However, parents of infants admitted to NICU for cardiac surgery are an under-researched population. AIMS Identify levels of NICU-related stress, and levels of psychological distress, reported by parents of infants admitted to the NICU for cardiac surgery. STUDY DESIGN Observational study. SUBJECTS 69 parents of infants admitted to the NICU for cardiac surgery (cardiac group) and 142 parents of healthy infants (control group). OUTCOME MEASURES Questionnaire packs provided to parents prior to discharge (time-point 1), and at six and 12months corrected age included: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, and Family Support Scale. The Parental Stressor Scale:NICU was administered to the cardiac group at time-point 1. RESULTS The cardiac group reported (i) that parental role alteration was the most stressful aspect of the NICU and (ii) higher scores for anxiety and depression than the control group at all three time-points, with the highest levels reported during the NICU stay. Correlation analyses indicated (i) stress associated with the sights and sounds of the NICU, and the appearance and behaviour of the infant in the NICU, had a significant positive association with anxiety and depression, and (ii) a significant negative relationship between anxiety and task-focused coping. CONCLUSIONS An individualised parent-targeted intervention aimed at reducing stress associated with the NICU and enhancing task-focused coping style may help to reduce levels of anxiety and depression within this group of parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Diffin
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - K Spence
- Grace Centre for Newborn Care, Children's Hospital Westmead, Sydney, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - T Naranian
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - N Badawi
- Grace Centre for Newborn Care, Children's Hospital Westmead, Sydney, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - L Johnston
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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28
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Özcan NK, Boyacioğlu NE, Enginkaya S, Bilgin H, Tomruk NB. The relationship between attachment styles and childhood trauma: a transgenerational perspective - a controlled study of patients with psychiatric disorders. J Clin Nurs 2016; 25:2357-66. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan K Özcan
- Midwife Department; Istanbul University Health Sciences Faculty; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Nur E Boyacioğlu
- Midwife Department; Istanbul University Health Sciences Faculty; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Semra Enginkaya
- Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Hülya Bilgin
- Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing Department; Florence Nightingale Nursing Faculty; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Nesrin B Tomruk
- Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery; Istanbul Turkey
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29
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Maternal Psychosocial Maladjustment and Child Internalizing Symptoms: Investigating the Modulating Role of Maternal Sensitivity. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 45:157-170. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-016-0154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Son SC, Peterson MF. Marital Status, Home Environments, and Family Strain: Complex Effects on Preschool Children's School Readiness Skills. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mieko Fuse Peterson
- University of Utah; Family and Consumer Studies; Salt Lake City UT United States
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Schloß S, Schramm M, Christiansen H, Scholz KK, Schuh LC, Döpfner M, Becker K, Pauli-Pott U. [Expressed emotion, mother-child relationship, and ADHD symptoms in preschool- a study on the validity of the German Preschool Five Minute Speech Sample]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2016; 43:425-31. [PMID: 26602046 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An inadequate parent-child relationship with hostility, low warmth, and a lack of responsiveness/sensitivity on the part of the primary caregiver often accompanies a child's externalizing disorders and predicts a negative developmental course. The Preschool Five Minute Speech Sample (PFMSS) was developed to enable an economic assessment of components of an inadequate parent-child relationship. In this article we investigate aspects of the validity of the German version of the PFMSS. We analyze whether the PFMSS scales are associated with observed maternal sensitivity, symptoms of attention deficit-/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and maternal depressive symptoms. The sample consists of n = 114 families with 4- to 5-year-old children, whereof n = 65 (57 %) show heightened ADHD-symptoms. The families were recruited from local kindergardens. Maternal sensitivity was assessed by observing the mother-child interaction at home. ADHD, ODD, and maternal depressive ~symptoms were measured by clinical interviews and questionnaires. Most of the PFMSS scales showed the expected associations with maternal sensitivity, ADHD, and ODD symptoms of the child. The German PFMSS thus validly captures significant components of an inadequate mother-child relationship within the context of preschool externalizing behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Schloß
- 1 Fachbereich Medizin, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Philipps-Universität Marburg
| | - Magdalena Schramm
- 1 Fachbereich Medizin, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Philipps-Universität Marburg
| | - Hanna Christiansen
- 2 Fachbereich Psychologie, AG Kinder- und Jugendpsychologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg
| | - Kristin-Katharina Scholz
- 3 Medizinische Fakultät, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universität zu Köln
| | - Lioba Carmen Schuh
- 3 Medizinische Fakultät, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universität zu Köln
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- 3 Medizinische Fakultät, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universität zu Köln
| | - Katja Becker
- 1 Fachbereich Medizin, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Philipps-Universität Marburg
| | - Ursula Pauli-Pott
- 1 Fachbereich Medizin, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Philipps-Universität Marburg
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Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms across the birth of a child: associations with toddler emotional development. Arch Womens Ment Health 2016; 19:153-65. [PMID: 26184834 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-015-0546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Depression during the perinatal period is common and impacts the physical and psychological well-being of those who experience it. One area of particular significance is the course of maternal depression across time, including the differential effects of depression trajectories during the perinatal period on early child development. The current study explored trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms from pregnancy through 2 years postpartum and their relation to toddler emotional development. Participants included 120 primarily low-income, ethnically diverse women and their toddlers. Depression was assessed during pregnancy, at 3 months postpartum, and at 1 and 2 years postpartum. Toddler emotional development was assessed at age 2 via video observations and mother report. Results indicated a four-class model that best fits the data: low-decreasing (47.5 %), stable-low (22.5 %), stable-moderate (21.7 %), and increasing (8.3 %) trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms. Women in the increasing group reported significantly more toddler social and emotional problems at age 2 than women in all other groups, and women in the stable-moderate group reported significantly more toddler social and emotional problems at age 2 than women in the stable-low group. No associations between trajectories and observed toddler affect expression were found. Results highlight variable courses of depressive symptoms for women across the birth of a child as well as the importance of reducing depression for the benefit of both mother and child. It is important for clinicians working with pregnant and postpartum mothers to assess for depressive symptoms over time and not just at a single time point.
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Wang Y, Pan J, Zhang X, Yi C. The association between family factors and child behaviour problems using dyadic data. Child Care Health Dev 2015; 41:1082-9. [PMID: 25345481 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental psychopathology and family issues are key influence factors to child behaviour problems. This study aimed to investigate the dyadic impact of maternal and paternal depression and perceived family functioning on child behaviour problems. METHODS Both maternal and paternal depression, perceived family functioning and reported child behaviour problems were collected, respectively. Because of the interdependent characteristic of dyadic data, structural equation modelling was used to examine the relationship among all variables and the mutual influence between mother and father. RESULTS Results showed that father-perceived family functioning mediated the relationship between parental depression and child behaviour problems, but mother-perceived family functioning did not show this mediation effect. Meanwhile, maternal and paternal depression influenced both of their own and their partner's perceived family functioning. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated that paternal psychopathology and family functioning should not be overlooked in child behaviour development. In addition, this study underscored the importance to investigate the different impact of father and mother on child development within a dyadic unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - J Pan
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - X Zhang
- Pulan Elementary, Hebei, China
| | - C Yi
- Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Pratt M, Apter-Levi Y, Vakart A, Feldman M, Fishman R, Feldman T, Zagoory-Sharon O, Feldman R. MATERNAL DEPRESSION AND CHILD OXYTOCIN RESPONSE; MODERATION BY MATERNAL OXYTOCIN AND RELATIONAL BEHAVIOR. Depress Anxiety 2015; 32:635-46. [PMID: 26130435 DOI: 10.1002/da.22392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal postpartum depression (PPD) carries long-term detrimental effects on children's well-being, yet the mechanisms of transmission remain unclear. One possible pathway of vulnerability involves the oxytocinergic (OT) system, which is transferred from mother to child via sensitive caregiving and is disrupted in PPD. METHOD A large birth cohort (N = 1983) of women were repeatedly assessed for depression from birth to 6 years. Utilizing an extreme case design, two matched cohorts were formed; mothers chronically depressed from birth to 6 years and nondepressed controls (N = 97, depressed = 41, nondepressed; N = 56). At 6 years, mothers and children underwent psychiatric diagnosis, urinary OT was assayed from mother and child before and after social contact, and mother-child interactions were coded. RESULTS Baseline OT and OT response of mother and child were interrelated and children of depressed mothers showed low baseline OT and attenuated OT response. Child OT response was negatively predicted by maternal depression, child Axis-I psychopathology, maternal expressed negative affect, and child social withdrawal. Interaction effect of maternal baseline OT and depression emerged. Slope analysis indicated that when maternal OT was medium or low, child OT response was negatively impacted by maternal depression. However, when maternal OT was high, child OT was unaffected, suggesting that maternal OT functionality buffers the effects of depression on the child. CONCLUSION Results suggest involvement of the OT system in the cross-generational transfer of vulnerability, as well as resilience, from depressed mothers to their children. Because the OT system is open to interventions that enhance maternal touch and contact, findings have important implications for targeted early dyadic inventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Pratt
- Department of Psychology, The Gonda Brain Sciences Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yael Apter-Levi
- Department of Psychology, The Gonda Brain Sciences Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Adam Vakart
- Department of Psychology, The Gonda Brain Sciences Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Feldman
- Department of Psychology, The Gonda Brain Sciences Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ruth Fishman
- Department of Psychology, The Gonda Brain Sciences Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Tamar Feldman
- Department of Psychology, The Gonda Brain Sciences Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Orna Zagoory-Sharon
- Department of Psychology, The Gonda Brain Sciences Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ruth Feldman
- Department of Psychology, The Gonda Brain Sciences Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Khafi TY, Yates TM, Sher-Censor E. The Meaning of Emotional Overinvolvement in Early Development: Prospective Relations With Child Behavior Problems. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2015; 29:585-594. [PMID: 26147935 PMCID: PMC4670280 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Emotional overinvolvement (EOI) in parents’ Five Minute Speech Samples (FMSSs; Magaña-Amato, 1993) is thought to measure overconcern and enmeshment with one’s child. Although related to maladaptive outcomes in studies of adult children, FMSS EOI evidences varied relations with behavior problems in studies with young children. These mixed findings may indicate that certain FMSS EOI criteria reflect inappropriate and excessive involvement with adult children, but do not indicate maladaptive processes when parenting younger children. Thus, this study evaluated relations of each FMSS EOI criterion with changes in child behavior problems from preschool to first grade in a community sample of 223 child–mother dyads (47.98% female; Wave 1 M(age) 49.08 months; 56.50% Hispanic/Latina). Maternal FMSS EOI ratings were obtained at Wave 1, and independent examiners rated child externalizing and internalizing behavior problems at Wave 1 and again 2 years later. Path analyses indicated that both the self-sacrifice/overprotection (SSOP) and statements of attitude (SOAs) FMSS EOI criteria predicted increased externalizing problems. In contrast, excessive detail and exaggerated praise were not related to child externalizing behavior problems, and Emotional Display was not evident in this sample. None of the FMSS EOI criteria evidenced significant relations with internalizing behavior problems. Multigroup comparisons indicated that the effect of SOAs on externalizing behavior problems was significant for boys but not for girls, and there were no significant group differences by race/ethnicity. These findings point to the salience of SSOP and SOAs for understanding the developmental significance of EOI in early development.
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Skripkauskaite S, Hawk ST, Branje SJT, Koot HM, van Lier PAC, Meeus W. Reactive and proactive aggression: Differential links with emotion regulation difficulties, maternal criticism in adolescence. Aggress Behav 2015; 41:214-26. [PMID: 25735840 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Proactive and reactive functions of aggression are thought to manifest through different familial and emotional processes, even though they often co-occur. We investigated direct and indirect pathways through which maternal criticism and emotion regulation (ER) difficulties relate to reactive and proactive aggression in adolescence. Further, we examined how maternal criticism and emotion dysregulation interrelate, both concurrently and over time. Participants were 482 Dutch adolescents (M = 15.03, SD = 0.45, 57% boys) who self-reported on their ER difficulties, perceived maternal criticism, and reactive/proactive aggression. Cross-lagged panel modeling across four annual measurements revealed direct bidirectional links over time between maternal criticism and emotion dysregulation. Positive links over time from maternal criticism to proactive (but not reactive) aggression were also present. Emotion dysregulation and proactive aggression were linked only indirectly via maternal criticism. Gender did not significantly moderate these links. By revealing differential developmental pathways involving adolescents' ER and maternal criticism, the present study offers support for the dual function model of aggression. Aggr. Behav. 41:214-226, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Skyler T. Hawk
- Department of Youth and Family; Utrecht University; Utrecht Netherlands
| | | | - Hans M. Koot
- Department of Developmental Psychology; VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Pol A. C. van Lier
- Department of Developmental Psychology; VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Wim Meeus
- Department of Youth and Family; Utrecht University; Utrecht Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology; Tilburg University; Tilburg Netherlands
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Whalen DJ, Malkin ML, Freeman MJ, Young J, Gratz KL. Brief report: Borderline personality symptoms and perceived caregiver criticism in adolescents. J Adolesc 2015; 41:157-61. [PMID: 25889821 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite findings of an association between adolescent psychopathology and perceived parental criticism, the relation between adolescent borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms and perceived parental criticism has not been examined. Given the centrality of interpersonal sensitivity to BPD (relative to other forms of psychopathology), we hypothesized that adolescent BPD symptoms would be uniquely related to perceived caregiver criticism, above and beyond other forms of psychopathology and general emotion dysregulation. Adolescents (N = 109) in a residential psychiatric treatment facility completed self-report measures of BPD symptoms, perceived caregiver criticism, emotion dysregulation, and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Results revealed a unique relation of adolescent BPD symptoms to perceived caregiver criticism, above and beyond age, gender, and other forms of psychopathology. Findings suggest that adolescent BPD symptoms may have unique relevance for adolescents' perceptions of caregivers' attitudes and behaviors, increasing the likelihood of negative perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kim L Gratz
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, USA.
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39
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Jones Harden B, Denmark N, Holmes A, Duchene M. DETACHED PARENTING AND TODDLER PROBLEM BEHAVIOR IN EARLY HEAD START FAMILIES. Infant Ment Health J 2014; 35:529-43. [DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Dubois-Comtois K, Moss E, Cyr C, Pascuzzo K. Behavior problems in middle childhood: the predictive role of maternal distress, child attachment, and mother-child interactions. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 41:1311-24. [PMID: 23748336 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-013-9764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to examine the longitudinal relation between early school-age measures of maternal psychosocial distress, quality of mother-child interactions, and child attachment behavior, and behavior problem profiles in middle childhood using a multi-informant design. Participants were 243 French-speaking mother-child dyads (122 girls) who were part of an ongoing longitudinal project. Maternal psychosocial distress was assessed when children were between 4 and 6 years of age. Mother-child interactive quality and attachment patterns were observed at age 6 during a laboratory visit. At age 8.5, externalizing and internalizing problems were assessed using mother and child reports. Results show that maternal psychosocial distress predicted later social adaptation reported by the child through the mediation of mother-child interactions. Analyses also revealed that higher maternal psychosocial distress and controlling attachment patterns, either of the punitive or caregiving type, significantly predicted membership in both child internalizing and externalizing clinical problem groups. Lower mother-child interactive quality, male gender, and child ambivalent attachment were also predictors of externalizing clinical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Dubois-Comtois
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G9A 5H7, Canada,
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White-Traut R, Norr KF, Fabiyi C, Rankin KM, Li Z, Liu L. Mother-infant interaction improves with a developmental intervention for mother-preterm infant dyads. Infant Behav Dev 2013; 36:694-706. [PMID: 23962543 PMCID: PMC3858517 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While premature infants have a high need for positive interactions, both infants and their mothers are challenged by the infant's biological immaturity. This randomized clinical trial of 198 premature infants born at 29-34 weeks gestation and their mothers examined the impact of the H-HOPE (Hospital to Home: Optimizing the Infant's Environment) intervention on mother-premature infant interaction patterns at 6-weeks corrected age (CA). Mothers had at least 2 social environmental risk factors such as minority status or less than high school education. Mother-infant dyads were randomly assigned to the H-HOPE intervention group or an attention control group. H-HOPE is an integrated intervention that included (1) twice-daily infant stimulation using the ATVV (auditory, tactile, visual, and vestibular-rocking stimulation) and (2) four maternal participatory guidance sessions plus two telephone calls by a nurse-community advocate team. Mother-infant interaction was assessed at 6-weeks CA using the Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training-Feeding Scale (NCAST, 76 items) and the Dyadic Mutuality Code (DMC, 6-item contingency scale during a 5-min play session). NCAST and DMC scores for the Control and H-HOPE groups were compared using t-tests, chi-square tests and multivariable analysis. Compared with the Control group (n = 76), the H-HOPE group (n = 66) had higher overall NCAST scores and higher maternal Social-Emotional Growth Fostering Subscale scores. The H-HOPE group also had significantly higher scores for the overall infant subscale and the Infant Clarity of Cues Subscale (p < 0.05). H-HOPE dyads were also more likely to have high responsiveness during play as measured by the DMC (67.6% versus 58.1% of controls). After adjustment for significant maternal and infant characteristics, H-HOPE dyads had marginally higher scores during feeding on overall mother-infant interaction (β = 2.03, p = 0.06) and significantly higher scores on the infant subscale (β = 0.75, p = 0.05) when compared to controls. In the adjusted analysis, H-HOPE dyads had increased odds of high versus low mutual responsiveness during play (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 0.97, 5.80). Intervening with both mother and infant is a promising approach to help premature infants achieve the social interaction patterns essential for optimal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary White-Traut
- Women, Children and Family Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Toth SL, Rogosch FA, Oshri A, Gravener-Davis J, Sturm R, Morgan-López AA. The efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for depression among economically disadvantaged mothers. Dev Psychopathol 2013; 25:1065-78. [PMID: 24229549 PMCID: PMC3826873 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579413000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for ethnically and racially diverse, economically disadvantaged women with major depressive disorder. Non-treatment-seeking urban women (N = 128; M age = 25.40, SD = 4.98) with infants were recruited from the community. Participants were at or below the poverty level: 59.4% were Black and 21.1% were Hispanic. Women were screened for depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; the Diagnostic Interview Schedule was used to confirm major depressive disorder diagnosis. Participants were randomized to individual IPT or enhanced community standard. Depressive symptoms were assessed before, after, and 8 months posttreatment with the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Revised Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. The Social Support Behaviors Scale, the Social Adjustment Scale-Self-Report, and the Perceived Stress Scale were administered to examine mediators of outcome at follow-up. Treatment effects were evaluated with a growth mixture model for randomized trials using complier-average causal effect estimation. Depressive symptoms trajectories from baseline through postintervention to follow-up showed significant decreases among the IPT group compared to the enhanced community standard group. Changes on the Perceived Stress Scale and the Social Support Behaviors Scale mediated sustained treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Assaf Oshri
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester
| | | | - Robin Sturm
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester
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Roggman LA, Cook GA, Innocenti MS, Jump Norman V, Christiansen K. Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO) in Diverse Ethnic Groups. Infant Ment Health J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Parent behaviors moderate the relationship between neonatal pain and internalizing behaviors at 18 months corrected age in children born very prematurely. Pain 2013; 154:1831-1839. [PMID: 23748079 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Children born very preterm (≤ 32 weeks gestation) exhibit greater internalizing (anxious/depressed) behaviors compared to term-born peers as early as 2 years corrected age (CA); however, the role of early stress in the etiology of internalizing problems in preterm children remains unknown. Therefore, we examined the relationship between neonatal pain and internalizing behavior at 18 months CA in children born very preterm and examined whether parent behavior and stress moderated this relationship. Participants were 145 children (96 very preterm, 49 full term) assessed at 18 months CA. Neonatal data were obtained from medical and nursing chart review. Neonatal pain was defined as the number of skin-breaking procedures. Cognitive ability was measured with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II. Parents completed the Parenting Stress Index III, Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5, and participated in a videotaped play session with their child, which was coded using the Emotional Availability Scale IV. Very preterm children displayed greater Internalizing behaviors compared to full-term control children (P=.02). Parent Sensitivity and Nonhostility moderated the relationship between neonatal pain and Internalizing behavior (all P<.05); higher parent education (P<.03), lower Parenting Stress (P=.001), and fewer children in the home (P<.01) were associated with lower Internalizing behavior in very preterm children, after adjusting for neonatal medical confounders, gender, and child cognitive ability (all P>.05). Parent Emotional Availability and stress were not associated with Internalizing behaviors in full-term control children. Positive parent interaction and lower stress appears to ameliorate negative effects of neonatal pain on stress-sensitive behaviors in this vulnerable population.
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Tao FB, Hao JH, Huang K, Su PY, Cheng DJ, Xing XY, Huang ZH, Zhang JL, Tong SL. Cohort Profile: the China-Anhui Birth Cohort Study. Int J Epidemiol 2012; 42:709-21. [PMID: 22729236 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dys085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The China-Anhui Birth Cohort Study (C-ABCS) was set up to examine the delayed, cumulative and interactive effects of maternal environmental exposures on birth outcomes and children's development. The C-ABCS recruited pregnant women from six major cities of Anhui province, China, between November 2008 and October 2010. A range of data (including demographic, obstetric, occupational, nutritional and psychosocial factors) were collected by both interviews and laboratory tests. In each trimester, women's blood samples were drawn, and pregnancy complications were abstracted from physician's medical records. By the end of 2011, birth outcomes/birth defects were observed/identified by clinicians within 12 months after the delivery of 11,421 singleton live births of six cities and those outcomes among the remaining 2033 live births are still being observed. In addition, 4668 children from Ma'anshan city will be further followed up during the pre-school period till they reach adolescence to obtain the data on familial environmental exposures as well as children's physical, psychological, behavioural and sexual development. The interview data and information on laboratory examinations are available on request from archives in the Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Biao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, PR China.
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