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Tansey R, Graff K, Rai S, Merrikh D, Godfrey KJ, Vanderwal T, Bray S. Development of human visual cortical function: A scoping review of task- and naturalistic-fMRI studies through the interactive specialization and maturational frameworks. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105729. [PMID: 38763178 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Overarching theories such as the interactive specialization and maturational frameworks have been proposed to describe human functional brain development. However, these frameworks have not yet been systematically examined across the fMRI literature. Visual processing is one of the most well-studied fields in neuroimaging, and research in this area has recently expanded to include naturalistic paradigms that facilitate study in younger age ranges, allowing for an in-depth critical appraisal of these frameworks across childhood. To this end, we conducted a scoping review of 94 developmental visual fMRI studies, including both traditional experimental task and naturalistic studies, across multiple sub-domains (early visual processing, category-specific higher order processing, naturalistic visual processing). We found that across domains, many studies reported progressive development, but few studies describe regressive or emergent changes necessary to fit the maturational or interactive specialization frameworks. Our findings suggest a need for the expansion of developmental frameworks and clearer reporting of both progressive and regressive changes, along with well-powered, longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryann Tansey
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Kirk Graff
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shefali Rai
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daria Merrikh
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kate J Godfrey
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tamara Vanderwal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Signe Bray
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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2
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Nowling D, Crum KI, Joseph J. Sex differences in development of functional connections in the face processing network. J Neuroimaging 2024; 34:280-290. [PMID: 38169075 PMCID: PMC10939922 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Understanding sex differences in typical development of the face processing network is important for elucidating disruptions during atypical development in sex-linked developmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder. Based on prior sex difference studies in other cognitive domains, this study examined whether females show increased integration of core and extended face regions with age for face viewing, while males would show increased segregation. METHODS This study used a cross-sectional design with typically developing children and adults (n = 133) and a functional MRI face localizer task. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis examined functional connectivity between canonical and extended face processing network regions with age, with greater segregation indexed by decreased core-extended region connectivity with age and greater integration indexed by increased core-extended region connectivity with age. RESULTS PPI analysis confirmed increased segregation for males-right fusiform face area (FFA) coupling to right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) opercular when viewing faces and left amygdala when viewing objects decreased with age. Females showed increased integration with age (increased coupling of the right FFA to right IFG opercular region and right occipital face area [OFA] to right IFG orbital when viewing faces and objects, respectively) and increased segregation (decreased coupling with age of the right OFA with IFG opercular region when viewing faces). CONCLUSIONS Development of core and extended face processing network connectivity follows sexually dimorphic paths. These differential changes mostly occur across childhood and adolescence, with males experiencing segregation and females both segregation and integration changes in connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Nowling
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Kathleen I. Crum
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jane Joseph
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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3
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Pieslinger JF, Wiskerke J, Igelström K. Contributions of face processing, social anhedonia and mentalizing to the expression of social autistic-like traits. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1046097. [PMID: 36620857 PMCID: PMC9817135 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1046097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Quantitative autistic-like traits (QATs) are a constellation of traits that mirror those of clinical autism and are thought to share the same mechanisms as the condition. There is great interest in identifying the genetic and neurobiological basis of QATs, but progress is hindered by the composite nature of these clinically based constructs. Social QATs are defined according to the diagnostic criteria for autism, comprising multiple potential neural mechanisms that may contribute to varying degrees. The objective of this study was to decompose social QATs into more specific constructs, in line with the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). We chose constructs with trait-like properties and known or suggested significance for autistic social function: (1) social anhedonia, (2) prosopagnosia (face blindness), and (3) mentalizing (attributing mental states to images of eyes). We hypothesized that these constructs may all contribute to observed variance in social QATs. Methods We recruited 148 adults with a broad range of QATs (mean age 37.9 years, range 18-69; 50% female; 5.4% autistic) to an experimental behavioral study conducted online. We estimated social QATs using the social factor of the Comprehensive Autistic Traits Inventory. We used the Oxford Face Matching Task and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test to measure face matching ability and mentalizing, respectively. Social anhedonia traits were measured with the Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale, and prosopagnosic traits with the 20-item Prosopagnosia Index. A combination of frequentist and Bayesian statistics was used to test the social constructs as predictors of social QATs. Results We found that social anhedonic traits, prosopagnosic traits, and face matching performance were likely predictors of social QATs, whereas mentalizing showed limited contribution. Conclusion The findings support prosopagnosic and anhedonic traits, but not mentalizing deficits, as dimensional predictors of individual differences in social function across the autistic spectrum. Further, the study strongly suggests that social reward systems and face processing networks play significant and independent roles in autistic-like social function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan F. Pieslinger
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Joost Wiskerke
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Igelström
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden,*Correspondence: Kajsa Igelström,
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4
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Bloom PA, VanTieghem M, Gabard‐Durnam L, Gee DG, Flannery J, Caldera C, Goff B, Telzer EH, Humphreys KL, Fareri DS, Shapiro M, Algharazi S, Bolger N, Aly M, Tottenham N. Age-related change in task-evoked amygdala-prefrontal circuitry: A multiverse approach with an accelerated longitudinal cohort aged 4-22 years. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:3221-3244. [PMID: 35393752 PMCID: PMC9188973 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala and its connections with medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) play central roles in the development of emotional processes. While several studies have suggested that this circuitry exhibits functional changes across the first two decades of life, findings have been mixed - perhaps resulting from differences in analytic choices across studies. Here we used multiverse analyses to examine the robustness of task-based amygdala-mPFC function findings to analytic choices within the context of an accelerated longitudinal design (4-22 years-old; N = 98; 183 scans; 1-3 scans/participant). Participants recruited from the greater Los Angeles area completed an event-related emotional face (fear, neutral) task. Parallel analyses varying in preprocessing and modeling choices found that age-related change estimates for amygdala reactivity were more robust than task-evoked amygdala-mPFC functional connectivity to varied analytical choices. Specification curves indicated evidence for age-related decreases in amygdala reactivity to faces, though within-participant changes in amygdala reactivity could not be differentiated from between-participant differences. In contrast, amygdala-mPFC functional connectivity results varied across methods much more, and evidence for age-related change in amygdala-mPFC connectivity was not consistent. Generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) measurements of connectivity were especially sensitive to whether a deconvolution step was applied. Our findings demonstrate the importance of assessing the robustness of findings to analysis choices, although the age-related changes in our current work cannot be overinterpreted given low test-retest reliability. Together, these findings highlight both the challenges in estimating developmental change in longitudinal cohorts and the value of multiverse approaches in developmental neuroimaging for assessing robustness of results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dylan G. Gee
- Department of PsychologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | | | - Christina Caldera
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bonnie Goff
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Eva H. Telzer
- University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Sameah Algharazi
- Department of PsychologyCity College of New YorkNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Niall Bolger
- Department of PsychologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Mariam Aly
- Department of PsychologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Nim Tottenham
- Department of PsychologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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5
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Plebanek DJ, James KH. Category structure guides the formation of neural representations. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:1667-1684. [PMID: 33782786 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Perceptual variability is often viewed as having multiple benefits in object learning and categorization. Despite the abundant results demonstrating benefits such as increased transfer of knowledge, the neural mechanisms underlying variability as well as the developmental trajectories of how variability precipitates changes to category boundaries are unknown. By manipulating an individual's exposure to variability of novel, metrically organized categories during an fMRI-adaptation paradigm, we were able to assess the functional differences between similarity and variability in category learning and generalization across two time-points in development: adulthood (n = 14) and late childhood (n = 13). During this study, participants were repeatedly exposed to category members from different distributions. After a period of adaptation, a deviant stimulus that differed from the expected distribution was then presented. This deviant differed in either an invariant dimension (a feature that remained consistent throughout presentation was altered) or a similarity dimension (a feature that changed throughout exposure was changed in a new dimension). Our results can be summarized in three main findings: (1) Variability during exposure recruited the right fusiform gyrus to a greater extent than tight exposure. (2) Deviant items were generalized based on the exemplar distributions during exposure, although children only generalized items if provided variable exposure. (3) Variability influenced release to a greater extent in children than adults. These results are discussed in relation to the variability and category learning literature more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Plebanek
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Karin H James
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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6
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Gerlach C, Klargaard SK, Alnæs D, Kolskår KK, Karstoft J, Westlye LT, Starrfelt R. Left hemisphere abnormalities in developmental prosopagnosia when looking at faces but not words. Brain Commun 2019; 1:fcz034. [PMID: 32954273 PMCID: PMC7425287 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental prosopagnosia is a disorder characterized by profound and lifelong difficulties with face recognition in the absence of sensory or intellectual deficits or known brain injury. While there has been a surge in research on developmental prosopagnosia over the last decade and a half, the cognitive mechanisms behind the disorder and its neural underpinnings remain elusive. Most recently it has been proposed that developmental prosopagnosia may be a manifestation of widespread disturbance in neural migration which affects both face responsive brain regions as well as other category-sensitive visual areas. We present a combined behavioural and functional MRI study of face, object and word processing in a group of developmental prosopagnosics (N = 15). We show that developmental prosopagnosia is associated with reduced activation of core ventral face areas during perception of faces. The reductions were bilateral but tended to be more pronounced in the left hemisphere. As the first study to address category selectivity for word processing in developmental prosopagnosia, we do not, however, find evidence for reduced activation of the visual word form area during perception of orthographic material. We also find no evidence for reduced activation of the lateral occipital complex during perception of objects. These imaging findings correspond well with the behavioural performance of the developmental prosopagnosics, who show severe impairment for faces but normal reading and recognition of line drawings. Our findings suggest that a general deficit in neural migration across ventral occipito-temporal cortex is not a viable explanation for developmental prosopagnosia. The finding of left hemisphere involvement in our group of developmental prosopagnosics was at first surprising. However, a closer look at existing studies shows similar, but hitherto undiscussed, findings. These left hemisphere abnormalities seen in developmental prosopagnosia contrasts with lesion and imaging studies suggesting primarily right hemisphere involvement in acquired prosopagnosia, and this may reflect that the left hemisphere is important for the development of a normal face recognition network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gerlach
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark.,BRIDGE, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Solja K Klargaard
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Knut K Kolskår
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway
| | - Jens Karstoft
- BRIDGE, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark.,Department of Radiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway
| | - Randi Starrfelt
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-1353, Denmark
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7
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Pereira JA, Sepulveda P, Rana M, Montalba C, Tejos C, Torres R, Sitaram R, Ruiz S. Self-Regulation of the Fusiform Face Area in Autism Spectrum: A Feasibility Study With Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:446. [PMID: 31920602 PMCID: PMC6933482 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important and early impairments in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the abnormal visual processing of human faces. This deficit has been associated with hypoactivation of the fusiform face area (FFA), one of the main hubs of the face-processing network. Neurofeedback based on real-time fMRI (rtfMRI-NF) is a technique that allows the self-regulation of circumscribed brain regions, leading to specific neural modulation and behavioral changes. The aim of the present study was to train participants with ASD to achieve up-regulation of the FFA using rtfMRI-NF, to investigate the neural effects of FFA up-regulation in ASD. For this purpose, three groups of volunteers with normal I.Q. and fluent language were recruited to participate in a rtfMRI-NF protocol of eight training runs in 2 days. Five subjects with ASD participated as part of the experimental group and received contingent feedback to up-regulate bilateral FFA. Two control groups, each one with three participants with typical development (TD), underwent the same protocol: one group with contingent feedback and the other with sham feedback. Whole-brain and functional connectivity analysis using each fusiform gyrus as independent seeds were carried out. The results show that individuals with TD and ASD can achieve FFA up-regulation with contingent feedback. RtfMRI-NF in ASD produced more numerous and stronger short-range connections among brain areas of the ventral visual stream and an absence of the long-range connections to insula and inferior frontal gyrus, as observed in TD subjects. Recruitment of inferior frontal gyrus was observed in both groups during FAA up-regulation. However, insula and caudate nucleus were only recruited in subjects with TD. These results could be explained from a neurodevelopment perspective as a lack of the normal specialization of visual processing areas, and a compensatory mechanism to process visual information of faces. RtfMRI-NF emerges as a potential tool to study visual processing network in ASD, and to explore its clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A. Pereira
- Laboratory for Brain Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pradyumna Sepulveda
- Laboratory for Brain Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohit Rana
- Laboratory for Brain Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cristian Montalba
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Tejos
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ranganatha Sitaram
- Laboratory for Brain Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Ruiz
- Laboratory for Brain Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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8
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van den Boomen C, Fahrenfort JJ, Snijders TM, Kemner C. Slow segmentation of faces in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Neuropsychologia 2019; 127:1-8. [PMID: 30768937 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Atypical visual segmentation, affecting object perception, might contribute to face processing problems in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The current study investigated impairments in visual segmentation of faces in ASD. Thirty participants (ASD: 16; Control: 14) viewed texture-defined faces, houses, and homogeneous images, while electroencephalographic and behavioral responses were recorded. The ASD group showed slower face-segmentation related brain activity and longer segmentation reaction times than the control group, but no difference in house-segmentation related activity or behavioral performance. Furthermore, individual differences in face-segmentation but not house-segmentation correlated with score on the Autism Quotient. Segmentation is thus selectively impaired for faces in ASD, and relates to the degree of ASD traits. Face segmentation relates to recurrent connectivity from the fusiform face area (FFA) to the visual cortex. These findings thus suggest that atypical connectivity from the FFA might contribute to delayed face processing in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C van den Boomen
- Dept. of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands; Dept. of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - J J Fahrenfort
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T M Snijders
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6500 AH Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour; Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - C Kemner
- Dept. of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands; Dept. of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands; Dept. of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
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9
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Joseph JE, Vanderweyen D, Swearingen J, Vaughan BK, Novo D, Zhu X, Gebregziabher M, Bonilha L, Bhatt R, Naselaris T, Dean B. Tracking the Development of Functional Connectomes for Face Processing. Brain Connect 2018; 9:231-239. [PMID: 30489152 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2018.0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Face processing capacities become more specialized and advanced during development, but neural underpinnings of these processes are not fully understood. The present study applied graph theory-based network analysis to task-negative (resting blocks) and task-positive (viewing faces) functional magnetic resonance imaging data in children (5-17 years) and adults (18-42 years) to test the hypothesis that the development of a specialized network for face processing is driven by task-positive processing (face viewing) more than by task-negative processing (visual fixation) and by both progressive and regressive changes in network properties. Predictive modeling was used to predict age from node-based network properties derived from task-positive and task-negative states in a whole-brain network (WBN) and a canonical face network (FN). The best-fitting model indicated that FN maturation was marked by both progressive and regressive changes in information diffusion (eigenvector centrality) in the task-positive state, with regressive changes outweighing progressive changes. Hence, FN maturation was characterized by reductions in information diffusion potentially reflecting the development of more specialized modules. In contrast, WBN maturation was marked by a balance of progressive and regressive changes in hub-connectivity (betweenness centrality) in the task-negative state. These findings suggest that the development of specialized networks like the FN depends on dynamic developmental changes associated with domain-specific information (e.g., face processing), but maturation of the brain as a whole can be predicted from task-free states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Joseph
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Davy Vanderweyen
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Joshua Swearingen
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Brandon K Vaughan
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Derek Novo
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Xun Zhu
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Mulugeta Gebregziabher
- 2 Department of Public Health Sciences, and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Leonardo Bonilha
- 3 Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ramesh Bhatt
- 4 Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Thomas Naselaris
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Brian Dean
- 5 Division of Computer Science, School of Computing, Clemson, South Carolina
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10
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Sato W, Kochiyama T, Uono S, Yoshimura S, Toichi M. Neural Mechanisms Underlying Conscious and Unconscious Gaze-Triggered Attentional Orienting in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:339. [PMID: 28701942 PMCID: PMC5487428 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired joint attention represents the core clinical feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Behavioral studies have suggested that gaze-triggered attentional orienting is intact in response to supraliminally presented eyes but impaired in response to subliminally presented eyes in individuals with ASD. However, the neural mechanisms underlying conscious and unconscious gaze-triggered attentional orienting remain unclear. We investigated this issue in ASD and typically developing (TD) individuals using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. The participants viewed cue stimuli of averted or straight eye gaze direction presented either supraliminally or subliminally and then localized a target. Reaction times were shorter when eye-gaze cues were directionally valid compared with when they were neutral under the supraliminal condition in both groups; the same pattern was found in the TD group but not the ASD group under the subliminal condition. The temporo–parieto–frontal regions showed stronger activation in response to averted eyes than to straight eyes in both groups under the supraliminal condition. The left amygdala was more activated while viewing averted vs. straight eyes in the TD group than in the ASD group under the subliminal condition. These findings provide an explanation for the neural mechanisms underlying the impairment in unconscious but not conscious gaze-triggered attentional orienting in individuals with ASD and suggest possible neurological and behavioral interventions to facilitate their joint attention behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Sato
- Department of Neurodevelopmental Psychiatry, Habilitation and Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
| | - Takanori Kochiyama
- Brain Activity Imaging Center, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute InternationalKyoto, Japan
| | - Shota Uono
- Department of Neurodevelopmental Psychiatry, Habilitation and Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
| | - Sayaka Yoshimura
- Department of Neurodevelopmental Psychiatry, Habilitation and Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
| | - Motomi Toichi
- Faculty of Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan.,The Organization for Promoting Neurodevelopmental Disorder ResearchKyoto, Japan
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11
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Zhu X, Bhatt RS, Joseph JE. Pruning or tuning? Maturational profiles of face specialization during typical development. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00464. [PMID: 27313976 PMCID: PMC4907975 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Face processing undergoes significant developmental change with age. Two kinds of developmental changes in face specialization were examined in this study: specialized maturation, or the continued tuning of a region to faces but little change in the tuning to other categories; and competitive interactions, or the continued tuning to faces accompanied by decreased tuning to nonfaces (i.e., pruning). METHODS Using fMRI, in regions where adults showed a face preference, a face- and object-specialization index were computed for younger children (5-8 years), older children (9-12 years) and adults (18-45 years). The specialization index was scaled to each subject's maximum activation magnitude in each region to control for overall age differences in the activation level. RESULTS Although no regions showed significant face specialization in the younger age group, regions strongly associated with social cognition (e.g., right posterior superior temporal sulcus, right inferior orbital cortex) showed specialized maturation, in which tuning to faces increased with age but there was no pruning of nonface responses. Conversely, regions that are associated with more basic perceptual processing or motor mirroring (right middle temporal cortex, right inferior occipital cortex, right inferior frontal opercular cortex) showed competitive interactions in which tuning to faces was accompanied by pruning of object responses with age. CONCLUSIONS The overall findings suggest that cortical maturation for face processing is regional-specific and involves both increased tuning to faces and diminished response to nonfaces. Regions that show competitive interactions likely support a more generalized function that is co-opted for face processing with development, whereas regions that show specialized maturation increase their tuning to faces, potentially in an activity-dependent, experience-driven manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhu
- Department of Psychology Shihezi University Xinjiang China; Department of Neurosciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina 29425
| | - Ramesh S Bhatt
- Department of Psychology College of Arts and Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40506
| | - Jane E Joseph
- Department of Neurosciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina 29425
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Padula MC, Schaer M, Scariati E, Schneider M, Van De Ville D, Debbané M, Eliez S. Structural and functional connectivity in the default mode network in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2015; 7:23. [PMID: 26236404 PMCID: PMC4522079 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-015-9120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neural endophenotype associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) includes deviant cortical development and alterations in brain connectivity. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings also reported disconnectivity within the default mode network (DMN). In this study, we explored the relationship between functional and structural DMN connectivity and their changes with age in patients with 22q11DS in comparison to control participants. Given previous evidence of an association between DMN disconnectivity and the manifestation of psychotic symptoms, we further investigated this relationship in our group of patients with 22q11DS. METHODS T1-weighted, diffusion, and resting-state fMRI scans were acquired from 41 patients with 22q11DS and 43 control participants aged 6 to 28 years. A data-driven approach based on independent component analysis (ICA) was used to identify the DMN and to define regions of interest for the structural and functional connectivity analysis. Prodromal psychotic symptoms were assessed in adolescents and adults using the positive symptom scores of the Structured Interview of Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS). Connectivity measures were compared between groups and correlated with age. Repeating the between-group analysis in three different age bins further assessed the presence of age-related alterations in DMN connectivity. Structural and functional connectivity measures were then correlated with the SIPS scores. RESULTS A simultaneous reduction of functional and structural connectivity between core medial nodes of the DMN was observed. Furthermore, structural connectivity measures significantly increased with age in the control group but not in patients with 22q11DS, suggesting the presence of an age-related alteration of the DMN structural connections. No correlations were found between the DMN disconnectivity and expression of prodromal symptoms in 22q11DS. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate the presence of functional and structural DMN disconnectivity in 22q11DS and that patients with 22q11DS fail to develop normal structural connections between medial DMN nodes. This suggests the presence of altered neurodevelopmental trajectories in 22q11DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Padula
- Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Rue David-Dufour 1, Case Postale 50, 1211 Genève 8, Switzerland
| | - Marie Schaer
- Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Rue David-Dufour 1, Case Postale 50, 1211 Genève 8, Switzerland ; Stanford Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Elisa Scariati
- Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Rue David-Dufour 1, Case Postale 50, 1211 Genève 8, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Rue David-Dufour 1, Case Postale 50, 1211 Genève 8, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland ; Medical Image Processing Lab, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Debbané
- Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Rue David-Dufour 1, Case Postale 50, 1211 Genève 8, Switzerland ; Adolescence Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Geneva, Switzerland ; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, U K
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Rue David-Dufour 1, Case Postale 50, 1211 Genève 8, Switzerland ; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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