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He JL, Zhao YW, Yang JL, Ju JM, Ye BQ, Huang JY, Huang ZH, Zhao WY, Zeng WF, Xia M, Liu Y. Enhanced interactions among gut mycobiomes with the deterioration of glycemic control. MED 2024; 5:909-925.e7. [PMID: 38670112 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut mycobiome is closely linked to health and disease; however, its role in the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains obscure. Here, a multi-omics approach was employed to explore the role of intestinal fungi in the deterioration of glycemic control. METHODS 350 participants without hypoglycemic therapies were invited for a standard oral glucose tolerance test to determine their status of glycemic control. The gut mycobiome was identified through internal transcribed spacer sequencing, host genetics were determined by genotyping array, and plasma metabolites were measured with untargeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. FINDINGS The richness of fungi was higher, whereas its dissimilarity was markedly lower, in participants with T2DM. Moreover, the diversity and composition of fungi were closely associated with insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell functions. With the exacerbation of glycemic control, the co-occurrence network among fungus taxa became increasingly complex, and the complexity of the interaction network was inversely associated with insulin sensitivity. Mendelian randomization analysis further demonstrated that the Archaeorhizomycetes class, Fusarium genus, and Neoascochyta genus were causally linked to impaired glucose metabolism. Furthermore, integrative analysis with metabolomics showed that increased 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid, ketoleucine, lysophosphatidylcholine (20:3/0:0), and N-lactoyl-phenylalanine, but decreased lysophosphatidylcholine (O-18:2), functioned as key molecules linking the adverse effect of Fusarium genus on insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovers a strong association between disturbance in gut fungi and the progression of T2DM and highlights the potential of targeting the gut mycobiome for the management of T2DM. FUNDINGS This study was supported by MOST and NSFC of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Wen Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Lu Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Meng Ju
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Qi Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Yi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Ying Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Feng Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Min Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China.
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Wu Y, Su Q. Harnessing the Gut Microbiome: To What Extent Can Pre-/Probiotics Alleviate Immune Activation in Autism Spectrum Disorder? Nutrients 2024; 16:2382. [PMID: 39125263 PMCID: PMC11314583 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at an increased risk of experiencing gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort, which has been linked to dysfunctions in the microbiome-gut-brain axis. The bidirectional communication between gut and brain plays a crucial role in the overall health of individuals, and alterations in the gut microbiome can contribute to immune activation and gut-brain dysfunction in ASD. Despite the limited and controversial results of pre-/probiotic applications in ASD, this review comprehensively maps the association between ASD clinical symptoms and specific bacterial taxa and evaluates the efficacy of pre-/probiotics in modulating microbiota composition, reducing inflammatory biomarkers, alleviating difficulties in GI distress, sleep problems, core and other ASD-associated symptoms, as well as relieving parental concerns, separately, in individuals with ASD. Beyond simply targeting core ASD symptoms, this review highlights the potential of pre-/probiotic supplementations as a strategy to modulate gut homeostasis and immune response, and to delineate the potential mechanisms by which its direct or mediating effects can alleviate gut-brain dysfunction and poor nutritional status in ASD management. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to strengthen the existing evidence and establish optimal protocols for the use of pre-/probiotics in the context of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wu
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qi Su
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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3
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An K, Jia Y, Xie B, Gao J, Chen Y, Yuan W, Zhong J, Su P, Liu X. Alterations in the gut mycobiome with coronary artery disease severity. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105137. [PMID: 38703606 PMCID: PMC11087906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a prevalent cardiovascular condition, and numerous studies have linked gut bacterial imbalance to CAD. However, the relationship of gut fungi, another essential component of the intestinal microbiota, with CAD remains poorly understood. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed fecal samples from 132 participants, split into 31 healthy controls and 101 CAD patients, further categorized into stable CAD (38), unstable angina (41), and acute myocardial infarction (22) groups. We conducted internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and 16S sequencing to examine gut fungal and bacterial communities. FINDINGS Based on ITS1 analyses, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal phyla in all the groups. The α diversity of gut mycobiome remained unaltered among the control group and CAD subgroups; however, the structure and composition of the mycobiota differed significantly with the progression of CAD. The abundances of 15 taxa gradually changed with the occurrence and progression of the disease and were significantly correlated with major CAD risk factor indicators. The mycobiome changes were closely linked to gut microbiome dysbiosis in patients with CAD. Furthermore, disease classifiers based on gut fungi effectively identified subgroups with different degrees of CAD. Finally, the FUNGuild analysis further categorized these fungi into distinct ecological guilds. INTERPRETATION In conclusion, the structure and composition of the gut fungal community differed from healthy controls to various subtypes of CAD, revealing key fungi taxa alterations linked to the onset and progression of CAD. Our study highlights the potential role of gut fungi in CAD and may facilitate the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CAD. FUNDING This work was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82170302, 92168117, 82370432), National clinical key specialty construction project- Cardiovascular Surgery, the Reform and Development Program of Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine (No. Ggyfz202417, Ggyfz202308), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 7222068); and the Clinical Research Incubation Program of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University (No. CYFH202209).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun An
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yanxiong Jia
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Boqia Xie
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yihang Chen
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jiuchang Zhong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Pixiong Su
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Hong Y, Song G, Feng X, Niu J, Wang L, Yang C, Luo X, Zhou S, Ma W. The Probiotic Kluyveromyces lactis JSA 18 Alleviates Obesity and Hyperlipidemia in High-Fat Diet C57BL/6J Mice. Foods 2024; 13:1124. [PMID: 38611428 PMCID: PMC11011337 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity poses a significant threat to various health conditions such as heart diseases, diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart attack, with the gut microbiota playing a crucial role in maintaining the body's energy balance. We identified a novel probiotic fungal strain, Kluyveromyces lactis JSA 18 (K. lactis), which was isolated from yak milk and was found to possess anti-obesity properties. Additionally, Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC 8198 (LP8198) from our previous study was also included to evaluate its anti-obesity properties. The findings indicated that K. lactis caused a notable reduction in weight gain, liver and fat indexes, and hyperlipidemia in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Administering K. lactis and LP8198 to mice on a high-fat diet resulted in a reduction of serum triglyceride levels. Furthermore, the supplements reduced ALT and AST activity, and inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. In addition, lipid metabolism was enhanced by the downregulation of ACC1, PPAR-γ, SREBP-1, and Fasn. Moreover, this study found that K. lactis and LP8198 have little effect on gut bacteria. Additionally, K. lactis partially influenced intestinal fungi, while LP8198 had a minor influence on gut mycobiota. The main goal of this research was to show how effective K. lactis can be as a probiotic in combating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Guodong Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Xiaoqian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Jialei Niu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Caini Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Xuegang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Sa Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Wenjian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.H.); (G.S.); (X.F.); (J.N.); (L.W.); (C.Y.); (X.L.); (W.M.)
- Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China
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5
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Lan Y, Hu Y, Guo Y, Ali F, Amjad N, Ouyang Q, Almutairi MH, Wang D. Microbiome analysis reveals the differences in gut fungal community between Dutch Warmblood and Mongolian horses. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106566. [PMID: 38309310 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Similar to gut bacterial community, gut fungal community are also an important part of the gut microbiota and play crucial roles in host immune regulation and metabolism. However, most studies have focused on the gut bacterial community, and research on the gut fungal community has been limited. Dutch Warmblood (DWH) and Mongolian horses (MGH) are important equine breeds, but little research has been done on their gut fungal community. Here, we assessed differences in gut fungal community between two horse species. Results showed that a total of 2159 OTUs were found in the Dutch Warmblood and Mongolian horses, of which 308 were common. Between-group analyzes of microbial diversity showed no differences in the alpha and beta diversity of gut fungal community between the two horse species. Microbiological taxonomic surveys showed that the dominant fungal phyla (Neocallimastigomycota and Ascomycota) and genera (unclassified_Neocallimastigaceae and Anaeromyces) were the same without being affected by species. Although the types of dominant fungal phyla did not change, the abundances of some fungal genera changed significantly. Results of Metastats analysis showed that there were a total of 206 fungal genera that were significantly different between the two horses, among which 78 genera showed an increase and 127 genera significantly decreased in Dutch Warmblood horses compared with Mongolian horses. In conclusion, this study investigated the composition and structure of the gut fungal community of Dutch Warmblood and Mongolian horses and found significant differences in gut fungal community between both breeds. Notably, this is the first exploration of the differences in the gut fungal community of both breeds, which may help to understand the distribution characteristics of the gut fungal community of different breeds of horses and reveal the differences in the traits of different horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Lan
- Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Yunyun Hu
- Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | | | - Farah Ali
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Nouman Amjad
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dongjing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Autonomous Regional Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lhasa City, Tibet, 850009, China; State Key Laboratory of Highland Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa City, Tibet, 850009, China.
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Hediyal TA, Vichitra C, Anand N, Bhaskaran M, Essa SM, Kumar P, Qoronfleh MW, Akbar M, Kaul-Ghanekar R, Mahalakshmi AM, Yang J, Song BJ, Monaghan TM, Sakharkar MK, Chidambaram SB. Protective effects of fecal microbiota transplantation against ischemic stroke and other neurological disorders: an update. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1324018. [PMID: 38449863 PMCID: PMC10915229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1324018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional communication between the gut and brain or gut-brain axis is regulated by several gut microbes and microbial derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, and lipopolysaccharides. The Gut microbiota (GM) produce neuroactives, specifically neurotransmitters that modulates local and central neuronal brain functions. An imbalance between intestinal commensals and pathobionts leads to a disruption in the gut microbiota or dysbiosis, which affects intestinal barrier integrity and gut-immune and neuroimmune systems. Currently, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is recommended for the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. FMT elicits its action by ameliorating inflammatory responses through the restoration of microbial composition and functionality. Thus, FMT may be a potential therapeutic option in suppressing neuroinflammation in post-stroke conditions and other neurological disorders involving the neuroimmune axis. Specifically, FMT protects against ischemic injury by decreasing IL-17, IFN-γ, Bax, and increasing Bcl-2 expression. Interestingly, FMT improves cognitive function by lowering amyloid-β accumulation and upregulating synaptic marker (PSD-95, synapsin-1) expression in Alzheimer's disease. In Parkinson's disease, FMT was shown to inhibit the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB. In this review article, we have summarized the potential sources and methods of administration of FMT and its impact on neuroimmune and cognitive functions. We also provide a comprehensive update on the beneficial effects of FMT in various neurological disorders by undertaking a detailed interrogation of the preclinical and clinical published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tousif Ahmed Hediyal
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, KA, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, KA, India
| | - C. Vichitra
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, KA, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, KA, India
| | - Nikhilesh Anand
- Department of Pharmacology, American University of Antigua, College of Medicine, Saint John’s, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Mahendran Bhaskaran
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Frederic and Mary Wolf Centre University of Toledo, Health Science, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Saeefh M. Essa
- Department of Computer Science, Northwest High School, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - M. Walid Qoronfleh
- Q3CG Research Institute (QRI), Research and Policy Division, Ypsilanti, MI, United States
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Division of Neuroscience and Behavior, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ruchika Kaul-Ghanekar
- Symbiosis Centre for Research and Innovation (SCRI), Cancer Research Lab, Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International University (SIU), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arehally M. Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, KA, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, KA, India
| | - Jian Yang
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Bio-physics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Tanya M. Monaghan
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, KA, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, KA, India
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Sendid B, Cornu M, Cordier C, Bouckaert J, Colombel JF, Poulain D. From ASCA breakthrough in Crohn's disease and Candida albicans research to thirty years of investigations about their meaning in human health. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103486. [PMID: 38040100 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) are human antibodies that can be detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay involving a mannose polymer (mannan) extracted from the cell wall of the yeast S. cerevisiae. The ASCA test was developed in 1993 with the aim of differentiating the serological response in two forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The test, which is based on the detection of anti-oligomannosidic antibodies, has been extensively performed worldwide and there have been hundreds of publications on ASCA. The earlier studies concerned the initial diagnostic indications of ASCA and investigations then extended to many human diseases, generally in association with studies on intestinal microorganisms and the interaction of the micro-mycobiome with the immune system. The more information accumulates, the more the mystery of the meaning of ASCA deepens. Many fundamental questions remain unanswered. These questions concern the heterogeneity of ASCA, the mechanisms of their generation and persistence, the existence of self-antigens, and the relationship between ASCA and inflammation and autoimmunity. This review aims to discuss the gray areas concerning the origin of ASCA from an analysis of the literature. Structured around glycobiology and the mannosylated antigens of S. cerevisiae and Candida albicans, this review will address these questions and will try to clarify some lines of thought. The importance of the questions relating to the pathophysiological significance of ASCA goes far beyond IBD, even though these diseases remain the preferred models for their understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boualem Sendid
- INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie-Génétique, Institut de Microbiologie, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Marjorie Cornu
- INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie-Génétique, Institut de Microbiologie, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Camille Cordier
- INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie-Génétique, Institut de Microbiologie, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- CNRS UMR 8576, Computational Molecular Systems Biology, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean Frederic Colombel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Daniel Poulain
- INSERM U1285, CNRS UMR 8576, Glycobiology in Fungal Pathogenesis and Clinical Applications, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Ahn JS, Koo BC, Choi YJ, Jung WW, Kim HS, Lee SJ, Hong ST, Chung HJ. Identification of Muscle Strength-Related Gut Microbes through Human Fecal Microbiome Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:662. [PMID: 38203833 PMCID: PMC10779158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is well known for its influence on human physiology and aging. Therefore, we speculate that the gut microbiome may affect muscle strength in the same way as the host's own genes. To demonstrate candidates for gut microbes affecting muscle strength, we remodeled the original gut microbiome of mice into human intestinal microbiome through fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT), using human feces and compared the changes in muscle strength in the same mice before and three months after FMT. After comparing before and after FMT, the mice were divided into three groups based on the observed changes in muscle strength: positive, none, and negative changes in muscle strength. As a result of analyzing the α-diversity, β-diversity, and co-occurrence network of the intestinal microbial community before and after FMT, it was observed that a more diverse intestinal microbial community was established after FMT in all groups. In particular, the group with increased muscle strength had more gut microbiome species and communities than the other groups. Fold-change comparison showed that Eisenbergiella massiliensis and Anaeroplasma abactoclasticum from the gut microbiome had positive contributions to muscle strength, while Ileibacterium valens and Ethanoligenens harbinense had negative effects. This study identifies candidates for the gut microbiome that contribute positively and those that contribute negatively to muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seon Ahn
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61751, Jeolla, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.A.); (Y.-J.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Chul Koo
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang 28119, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; (W.-W.J.); (H.-S.K.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Yu-Jin Choi
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61751, Jeolla, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.A.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Woon-Won Jung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; (W.-W.J.); (H.-S.K.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Hyun-Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; (W.-W.J.); (H.-S.K.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Suk-Jun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; (W.-W.J.); (H.-S.K.); (S.-J.L.)
| | - Seong-Tshool Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea-Jong Chung
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61751, Jeolla, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.A.); (Y.-J.C.)
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9
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Beurel E. Stress in the microbiome-immune crosstalk. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2327409. [PMID: 38488630 PMCID: PMC10950285 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2327409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota exerts a mutualistic interaction with the host in a fragile ecosystem and the host intestinal, neural, and immune cells. Perturbations of the gastrointestinal track composition after stress have profound consequences on the central nervous system and the immune system. Reciprocally, brain signals after stress affect the gut microbiota highlighting the bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut. Here, we focus on the potential role of inflammation in mediating stress-induced gut-brain changes and discuss the impact of several immune cells and inflammatory molecules of the gut-brain dialogue after stress. Understanding the impact of microbial changes on the immune system after stress might provide new avenues for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Beurel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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10
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Chen Y, Zhang LY, Fang Y, Li C, Xia DD, Zhang G, Wen Y, Zhang SZ, Hu L, Gu LY, Liu Y, Tian J, Yan YP, Yin XZ, Tao ZH, Zhang BR, Pu JL. Elevated serum anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody accompanied by gut mycobiota dysbiosis as a biomarker of diagnosis in patients with de novo Parkinson disease. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3462-3470. [PMID: 36694359 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis contribute to Parkinson disease (PD) pathogenesis, and growing evidence suggests associations between inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and PD. Considered as markers of chronic gastrointestinal inflammation, elevated serum anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA) levels, against certain gut fungal components, are related to IBD, but their effect on PD is yet to be investigated. METHODS Serum ASCA IgG and IgA levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the gut mycobiota communities were investigated using ITS2 sequencing and analyzed using the Qiime pipeline. RESULTS The study included 393 subjects (148 healthy controls [HCs], 140 with PD, and 105 with essential tremor [ET]). Both serum ASCA IgG and IgA levels were significantly higher in the PD group than in the ET and HC groups. Combining serum ASCA levels and the occurrence of constipation could discriminate patients with PD from controls (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.76-0.86) and from patients with ET (AUC = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.79-0.89). Furthermore, the composition of the gut fungal community differed between the PD and HC groups. The relative abundances of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus, Candida solani, Aspergillus flavus, ASV601_Fungi, ASV866_Fungi, and ASV755_Fungi were significantly higher in the PD group, and enriched Malassezia restricta was found in the HC group. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified elevated serum ASCA levels and enriched gut Saccharomyces cerevisiae in de novo PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Ying Zhang
- Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang YangShengTang Co., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang YangShengTang Co., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan-Dan Xia
- Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang YangShengTang Co., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang YangShengTang Co., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Song-Zhao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liu Hu
- Natural Medicine Institute of Zhejiang YangShengTang Co., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu-Yan Gu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Ping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Zhen Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Tao
- Department of Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bao-Rong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Li Pu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Ranieri A, Mennitti C, Falcone N, La Monica I, Di Iorio MR, Tripodi L, Gentile A, Vitale M, Pero R, Pastore L, D’Argenio V, Scudiero O, Lombardo B. Positive effects of physical activity in autism spectrum disorder: how influences behavior, metabolic disorder and gut microbiota. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1238797. [PMID: 38025444 PMCID: PMC10681626 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1238797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social interactions and communication skills impairments that include intellectual disabilities, communication delays and self-injurious behaviors; often are present systemic comorbidities such as gastrointestinal disorders, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, in recent years has emerged a link between alterations in the intestinal microbiota and neurobehavioral symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder. Recently, physical activity and exercise interventions are known to be beneficial for improving communication and social interaction and the composition of microbiota. In our review we intend to highlight how different types of sports can help to improve communication and social behaviors in children with autism and also show positive effects on gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Mennitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Noemi Falcone
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria La Monica
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Di Iorio
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorella Tripodi
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gentile
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vitale
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Pastore
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria D’Argenio
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Scudiero
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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12
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Bozkurt B, Terlemez G, Sezgin E. Basidiomycota species in Drosophila gut are associated with host fat metabolism. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13807. [PMID: 37612350 PMCID: PMC10447447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of bacterial microbiota on host metabolism and obesity risk is well documented. However, the role of fungal microbiota on host storage metabolite pools is largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate the role of microbiota on D. melanogaster fat metabolism, and examine interrelatedness between fungal and bacterial microbiota, and major metabolic pools. Fungal and bacterial microbiota profiles, fat, glycogen, and trehalose metabolic pools are measured in a context of genetic variation represented by whole genome sequenced inbred Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) samples. Increasing Basidiomycota, Acetobacter persici, Acetobacter pomorum, and Lactobacillus brevis levels correlated with decreasing triglyceride levels. Host genes and biological pathways, identified via genome-wide scans, associated with Basidiomycota and triglyceride levels were different suggesting the effect of Basidiomycota on fat metabolism is independent of host biological pathways that control fungal microbiota or host fat metabolism. Although triglyceride, glycogen and trehalose levels were highly correlated, microorganisms' effect on triglyceride pool were independent of glycogen and trehalose levels. Multivariate analyses suggested positive interactions between Basidiomycota, A. persici, and L. brevis that collectively correlated negatively with fat and glycogen pools. In conclusion, fungal microbiota can be a major player in host fat metabolism. Interactions between fungal and bacterial microbiota may exert substantial control over host storage metabolite pools and influence obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkay Bozkurt
- Bioengineering Program, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gamze Terlemez
- Biotechnology Program, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Efe Sezgin
- Biotechnology Program, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Food Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
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13
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Ahn JS, Choi YJ, Kim HB, Chung HJ, Hong ST. Identification of the Intestinal Microbes Associated with Locomotion. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11392. [PMID: 37511151 PMCID: PMC10380270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the impact of the gut microbiome on human physiology and aging, it is possible that the gut microbiome may affect locomotion in the same way as the host's own genes. There is not yet any direct evidence linking the gut microbiome to locomotion, though there are some potential connections, such as regular physical activity and the immune system. In this study, we demonstrate that the gut microbiome can contribute differently to locomotion. We remodeled the original gut microbiome of mice through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using human feces and compared the changes in locomotion of the same mice before and three months after FMT. We found that FMT affected locomotion in three different ways: positive, none (the same), and negative. Analysis of the phylogenesis, α-diversities, and β-diversities of the gut microbiome in the three groups showed that a more diverse group of intestinal microbes was established after FMT in each of the three groups, indicating that the human gut microbiome is more diverse than that of mice. The FMT-remodeled gut microbiome in each group was also different from each other. Fold change and linear correlation analyses identified Lacrimispora indolis, Pseudoflavonifractor phocaeensis, and Alistipes senegalensis in the gut microbiome as positive contributors to locomotion, while Sphingobacterium cibi, Prevotellamassilia timonensis, Parasutterella excrementihominis, Faecalibaculum rodentium, and Muribaculum intestinale were found to have negative effects. This study not only confirms the presence of gut microbiomes that contribute differently to locomotion, but also explains the mixed results in research on the association between the gut microbiome and locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seon Ahn
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61751, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Choi
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61751, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Byeol Kim
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61751, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea-Jong Chung
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61751, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Tshool Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
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14
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De Sales-Millán A, Aguirre-Garrido JF, González-Cervantes RM, Velázquez-Aragón JA. Microbiome-Gut-Mucosal-Immune-Brain Axis and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Novel Proposal of the Role of the Gut Microbiome in ASD Aetiology. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:548. [PMID: 37503995 PMCID: PMC10376175 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by deficits in social interaction and communication, as well as restricted and stereotyped interests. Due of the high prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders in individuals with ASD, researchers have investigated the gut microbiota as a potential contributor to its aetiology. The relationship between the microbiome, gut, and brain (microbiome-gut-brain axis) has been acknowledged as a key factor in modulating brain function and social behaviour, but its connection to the aetiology of ASD is not well understood. Recently, there has been increasing attention on the relationship between the immune system, gastrointestinal disorders and neurological issues in ASD, particularly in relation to the loss of specific species or a decrease in microbial diversity. It focuses on how gut microbiota dysbiosis can affect gut permeability, immune function and microbiota metabolites in ASD. However, a very complete study suggests that dysbiosis is a consequence of the disease and that it has practically no effect on autistic manifestations. This is a review of the relationship between the immune system, microbial diversity and the microbiome-gut-brain axis in the development of autistic symptoms severity and a proposal of a novel role of gut microbiome in ASD, where dysbiosis is a consequence of ASD-related behaviour and where dysbiosis in turn accentuates the autistic manifestations of the patients via the microbiome-gut-brain axis in a feedback circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amapola De Sales-Millán
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma, Lerma 52006, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - José Félix Aguirre-Garrido
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma, Lerma 52006, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rina María González-Cervantes
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma, Lerma 52006, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
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15
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Verhasselt HL, Ramakrishnan E, Schlag M, Marchesi JR, Buer J, Kleinschnitz C, Hagenacker T, Totzeck A. Fungal Gut Microbiome in Myasthenia Gravis: A Sub-Analysis of the MYBIOM Study. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050569. [PMID: 37233280 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An altered gut microbiota is a possible contributing pathogenic factor in myasthenia gravis (MG), an autoimmune neuromuscular disease. However, the significance of the fungal microbiome is an understudied and neglected part of the intestinal microbiome in MG. We performed a sub-analysis of the MYBIOM study including faecal samples from patients with MG (n = 41), non-inflammatory neurological disorder (NIND, n = 18), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP, n = 6) and healthy volunteers (n = 12) by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). Fungal reads were obtained in 51 out of 77 samples. No differences were found in alpha-diversity indices computed between the MG, NIND, CIDP and HV groups, indicating an unaltered fungal diversity and structure. Overall, four mould species (Penicillium aurantiogriseum, Mycosphaerella tassiana, Cladosporium ramonetellum and Alternaria betae-kenyensis) and five yeast species (Candida. albicans, Candida. sake, Candida. dubliniensis, Pichia deserticola and Kregervanrija delftensis) were identified. Besides one MG patient with abundant Ca. albicans, no prominent dysbiosis in the MG group of the mycobiome was found. Not all fungal sequences within all groups were successfully assigned, so further sub-analysis was withdrawn, limiting robust conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedda Luise Verhasselt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Elakiya Ramakrishnan
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Melina Schlag
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Julian R Marchesi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Tim Hagenacker
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Totzeck
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
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16
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Zhang F, Aschenbrenner D, Yoo JY, Zuo T. The gut mycobiome in health, disease, and clinical applications in association with the gut bacterial microbiome assembly. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2022; 3:e969-e983. [PMID: 36182668 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut mycobiome (fungi) is a small but crucial component of the gut microbiome in humans. Intestinal fungi regulate host homoeostasis, pathophysiological and physiological processes, and the assembly of the co-residing gut bacterial microbiome. Over the past decade, accumulating studies have characterised the gut mycobiome in health and several pathological conditions. We review the compositional and functional diversity of the gut mycobiome in healthy populations from birth to adulthood. We describe factors influencing the gut mycobiome and the roles of intestinal fungi-especially Candida and Saccharomyces spp-in diseases and therapies with a particular focus on their synergism with the gut bacterial microbiome and host immunity. Finally, we discuss the underappreciated effects of gut fungi in clinical implications, and highlight future microbiome-based therapies that harness the tripartite relationship among the gut mycobiome, bacterial microbiome, and host immunity, aiming to restore a core gut mycobiome and microbiome and to improve clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dominik Aschenbrenner
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ji Youn Yoo
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tao Zuo
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yatsen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory Animals Centre, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Nel Van Zyl K, Whitelaw AC, Hesseling AC, Seddon JA, Demers AM, Newton-Foot M. Fungal diversity in the gut microbiome of young South African children. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:201. [PMID: 35978282 PMCID: PMC9387017 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02615-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fungal microbiome, or mycobiome, is a poorly described component of the gut ecosystem and little is known about its structure and development in children. In South Africa, there have been no culture-independent evaluations of the child gut mycobiota. This study aimed to characterise the gut mycobiota and explore the relationships between fungi and bacteria in the gut microbiome of children from Cape Town communities. METHODS Stool samples were collected from children enrolled in the TB-CHAMP clinical trial. Internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) gene sequencing was performed on a total of 115 stool samples using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Differences in fungal diversity and composition in relation to demographic, clinical, and environmental factors were investigated, and correlations between fungi and previously described bacterial populations in the same samples were described. RESULTS Taxa from the genera Candida and Saccharomyces were detected in all participants. Differential abundance analysis showed that Candida spp. were significantly more abundant in children younger than 2 years compared to older children. The gut mycobiota was less diverse than the bacterial microbiota of the same participants, consistent with the findings of other human microbiome studies. The variation in richness and evenness of fungi was substantial, even between individuals of the same age. There was significant association between vitamin A supplementation and higher fungal alpha diversity (p = 0.047), and girls were shown to have lower fungal alpha diversity (p = 0.003). Co-occurrence between several bacterial taxa and Candida albicans was observed. CONCLUSIONS The dominant fungal taxa in our study population were similar to those reported in other paediatric studies; however, it remains difficult to identify the true core gut mycobiota due to the challenges set by the low abundance of gut fungi and the lack of true gut colonising species. The connection between the microbiota, vitamin A supplementation, and growth and immunity warrants exploration, especially in populations at risk for micronutrient deficiencies. While we were able to provide insight into the gut mycobiota of young South African children, further functional studies are necessary to explain the role of the mycobiota and the correlations between bacteria and fungi in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nel Van Zyl
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - A C Whitelaw
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- African Microbiome Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - A C Hesseling
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - J A Seddon
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A-M Demers
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Service de Microbiologie, Département Clinique de Médecine de Laboratoire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada
| | - M Newton-Foot
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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18
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Avolio E, Olivito I, Rosina E, Romano L, Angelone T, Bartolo Anna D, Scimeca M, Bellizzi D, D'Aquila P, Passarino G, Alò R, Maria Facciolo R, Bagni C, De Lorenzo A, Canonaco M. Modifications of behavior and inflammation in mice following transplant with fecal microbiota from children with autism. Neuroscience 2022; 498:174-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Lu C, Rong J, Fu C, Wang W, Xu J, Ju XD. Overall Rebalancing of Gut Microbiota Is Key to Autism Intervention. Front Psychol 2022; 13:862719. [PMID: 35712154 PMCID: PMC9196865 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.862719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with unclear etiology, and due to the lack of effective treatment, ASD patients bring enormous economic and psychological burden to families and society. In recent years, many studies have found that children with ASD are associated with gastrointestinal diseases, and the composition of intestinal microbiota (GM) is different from that of typical developing children. Thus, many researchers believe that the gut-brain axis may play an important role in the occurrence and development of ASD. Indeed, some clinical trials and animal studies have reported changes in neurological function, behavior, and comorbid symptoms of autistic children after rebalancing the composition of the GM through the use of antibiotics, prebiotics, and probiotics or microbiota transfer therapy (MMT). In view of the emergence of new therapies based on the modulation of GM, characterizing the individual gut bacterial profile evaluating the effectiveness of intervention therapies could help provide a better quality of life for subjects with ASD. This article reviews current studies on interventions to rebalance the GM in children with ASD. The results showed that Lactobacillus plantarum may be an effective strain for the probiotic treatment of ASD. However, the greater effectiveness of MMT treatment suggests that it may be more important to pay attention to the overall balance of the patient's GM. Based on these findings, a more thorough assessment of the GM is expected to contribute to personalized microbial intervention, which can be used as a supplementary treatment for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Lu
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaqi Rong
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Changxing Fu
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenshi Wang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xing-Da Ju
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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20
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Swidergall M, LeibundGut-Landmann S. Immunosurveillance of Candida albicans commensalism by the adaptive immune system. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:829-836. [PMID: 35778599 PMCID: PMC9385492 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The fungal microbiota (mycobiota) is an integral part of the microbial community colonizing the body surfaces and is involved in many key aspects of human physiology, while an imbalance of the fungal communities, termed fungal dysbiosis, has been described in pathologies ranging from infections to inflammatory bowel disease. Commensal organisms, such as the fungus Candida albicans, induce antigen-specific immune responses that maintain immune homeostasis. Adaptive immune mechanisms are vital in this process, while deficiencies in adaptive immunity are linked to fungal infections. We start to understand the mechanisms by which a shift in mycobiota composition, in particular in C. albicans abundance, is linked to immunopathological conditions. This review discusses the mechanisms that ensure continuous immunosurveillance of C. albicans during mucosal colonization, how these protective adaptive immune responses can also promote immunopathology, and highlight therapeutic advances against C. albicans-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Swidergall
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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21
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Kong G, Lê Cao KA, Hannan AJ. Alterations in the Gut Fungal Community in a Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0219221. [PMID: 35262396 PMCID: PMC9045163 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02192-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a trinucleotide expansion in the HTT gene, which is expressed throughout the brain and body, including the gut epithelium and enteric nervous system. Afflicted individuals suffer from progressive impairments in motor, psychiatric, and cognitive faculties, as well as peripheral deficits, including the alteration of the gut microbiome. However, studies characterizing the gut microbiome in HD have focused entirely on the bacterial component, while the fungal community (mycobiome) has been overlooked. The gut mycobiome has gained recognition for its role in host homeostasis and maintenance of the gut epithelial barrier. We aimed to characterize the gut mycobiome profile in HD using fecal samples collected from the R6/1 transgenic mouse model (and wild-type littermate controls) from 4 to 12 weeks of age, corresponding to presymptomatic through to early disease stages. Shotgun sequencing was performed on fecal DNA samples, followed by metagenomic analyses. The HD gut mycobiome beta diversity was significantly different from that of wild-type littermates at 12 weeks of age, while no genotype differences were observed at the earlier time points. Similarly, greater alpha diversity was observed in the HD mice by 12 weeks of age. Key taxa, including Malassezia restricta, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Aspergillus species, were identified as having a negative association with HD. Furthermore, integration of the bacterial and fungal data sets at 12 weeks of age identified negative correlations between the HD-associated fungal species and Lactobacillus reuteri. These findings provide new insights into gut microbiome alterations in HD and may help identify novel therapeutic targets. IMPORTANCE Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder affecting both the mind and body. We have recently discovered that gut bacteria are disrupted in HD. The present study provides the first evidence of an altered gut fungal community (mycobiome) in HD. The genomes of many thousands of gut microbes were sequenced and used to assess "metagenomics" in particular the different types of fungal species in the HD versus control gut, in a mouse model. At an early disease stage, before the onset of symptoms, the overall gut mycobiome structure (array of fungi) in HD mice was distinct from that of their wild-type littermates. Alterations of multiple key fungi species were identified as being associated with the onset of disease symptoms, some of which showed strong correlations with the gut bacterial community. This study highlights the potential role of gut fungi in HD and may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Kong
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Brain Centre, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kim-Anh Lê Cao
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Brain Centre, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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22
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Leonardi I, Gao IH, Lin WY, Allen M, Li XV, Fiers WD, De Celie MB, Putzel GG, Yantiss RK, Johncilla M, Colak D, Iliev ID. Mucosal fungi promote gut barrier function and social behavior via Type 17 immunity. Cell 2022; 185:831-846.e14. [PMID: 35176228 PMCID: PMC8897247 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fungal communities (the mycobiota) are an integral part of the gut microbiota, and the disruption of their integrity contributes to local and gut-distal pathologies. Yet, the mechanisms by which intestinal fungi promote homeostasis remain unclear. We characterized the mycobiota biogeography along the gastrointestinal tract and identified a subset of fungi associated with the intestinal mucosa of mice and humans. Mucosa-associated fungi (MAF) reinforced intestinal epithelial function and protected mice against intestinal injury and bacterial infection. Notably, intestinal colonization with a defined consortium of MAF promoted social behavior in mice. The gut-local effects on barrier function were dependent on IL-22 production by CD4+ T helper cells, whereas the effects on social behavior were mediated through IL-17R-dependent signaling in neurons. Thus, the spatial organization of the gut mycobiota is associated with host-protective immunity and epithelial barrier function and might be a driver of the neuroimmune modulation of mouse behavior through complementary Type 17 immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Leonardi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.,The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Iris H. Gao
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.,The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Woan-Yu Lin
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.,The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Megan Allen
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Xin V. Li
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.,The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - William D. Fiers
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.,The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Meghan Bialt De Celie
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.,The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Gregory G. Putzel
- The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Rhonda K. Yantiss
- MJ Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Melanie Johncilla
- MJ Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dilek Colak
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York City, NY, USA.,Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Iliyan D. Iliev
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.,The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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23
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Abujamel TS, Al-Otaibi NM, Abuaish S, AlHarbi RH, Assas MB, Alzahrani SA, Alotaibi SM, El-Ansary A, Aabed K. Different Alterations in Gut Microbiota between Bifidobacterium longum and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Treatments in Propionic Acid Rat Model of Autism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030608. [PMID: 35276971 PMCID: PMC8838423 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) consist of a range of neurodevelopmental conditions accompanied by dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Therefore, a number of microbiota manipulation strategies were developed to restore their balance. However, a comprehensive comparison of the various methods on gut microbiota is still lacking. Here, we evaluated the effect of Bifidobacterium (BF) treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation (FT) on gut microbiota in a propionic acid (PPA) rat model of autism using 16S rRNA sequencing. Following PPA treatment, gut microbiota showed depletion of Bacteroidia and Akkermansia accompanied by a concomitant increase of Streptococcus, Lachnospiraceae, and Paraeggerthella. The dysbiosis was predicted to cause increased levels of porphyrin metabolism and impairments of acyl-CoA thioesterase and ubiquinone biosynthesis. On the contrary, BF and FT treatments resulted in a distinct increase of Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Marvinbryantia, Butyricicoccus, and Dorea. The taxa in BF group positively correlated with vitamin B12 and flagella biosynthesis, while FT mainly enriched flagella biosynthesis. In contrast, BF and FT treatments negatively correlated with succinate biosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, beta-Lactam resistance, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that BF and FT treatments restored the PPA-induced dysbiosis in a treatment-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki S. Abujamel
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-504-545-472
| | - Norah M. Al-Otaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.-O.); (S.A.A.); (S.M.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Sameera Abuaish
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rahaf H. AlHarbi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mushref B. Assas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saleha Ahmad Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.-O.); (S.A.A.); (S.M.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Sohailah Masoud Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.-O.); (S.A.A.); (S.M.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Female Center for Medical Studies and Scientific Section, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kawther Aabed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.-O.); (S.A.A.); (S.M.A.); (K.A.)
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24
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Alharthi A, Alhazmi S, Alburae N, Bahieldin A. The Human Gut Microbiome as a Potential Factor in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031363. [PMID: 35163286 PMCID: PMC8835713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders among autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients has prompted scientists to look into the gut microbiota as a putative trigger in ASD pathogenesis. Thus, many studies have linked the gut microbial dysbiosis that is frequently observed in ASD patients with the modulation of brain function and social behavior, but little is known about this connection and its contribution to the etiology of ASD. This present review highlights the potential role of the microbiota–gut–brain axis in autism. In particular, it focuses on how gut microbiota dysbiosis may impact gut permeability, immune function, and the microbial metabolites in autistic people. We further discuss recent findings supporting the possible role of the gut microbiome in initiating epigenetic modifications and consider the potential role of this pathway in influencing the severity of ASD. Lastly, we summarize recent updates in microbiota-targeted therapies such as probiotics, prebiotics, dietary supplements, fecal microbiota transplantation, and microbiota transfer therapy. The findings of this paper reveal new insights into possible therapeutic interventions that may be used to reduce and cure ASD-related symptoms. However, well-designed research studies using large sample sizes are still required in this area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Alharthi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Majmaah University, Al Zulfi 11932, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Safiah Alhazmi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Najla Alburae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Ahmed Bahieldin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (A.B.)
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25
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Herman A, Herman AP. Could Candida Overgrowth Be Involved in the Pathophysiology of Autism? J Clin Med 2022; 11:442. [PMID: 35054136 PMCID: PMC8778531 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize the current acquiredknowledge of Candida overgrowth in the intestine as a possible etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The influence of Candida sp. on the immune system, brain, and behavior of children with ASD isdescribed. The benefits of interventions such as a carbohydrates-exclusion diet, probiotic supplementation, antifungal agents, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and microbiota transfer therapy (MTT) will be also discussed. Our literature query showed that the results of most studies do not fully support the hypothesis that Candida overgrowth is correlated with gastrointestinal (GI) problems and contributes to autism behavioral symptoms occurrence. On the one hand, it was reported that the modulation of microbiota composition in the gut may decrease Candida overgrowth, help reduce GI problems and autism symptoms. On the other hand, studies on humans suggesting the beneficial effects of a sugar-free diet, probiotic supplementation, FMT and MTT treatment in ASD are limited and inconclusive. Due to the increasing prevalence of ASD, studies on the etiology of this disorder are extremely needed and valuable. However, to elucidate the possible involvement of Candida in the pathophysiology of ASD, more reliable and well-designed research is certainly required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Warsaw School of Engineering and Health, Bitwy Warszawskiej 20 18, 19 Street, 02-366 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Przemysław Herman
- Department of Genetic Engineering, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Street, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland;
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26
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Lombardi M, Troisi J. Gut Reactions: How Far Are We from Understanding and Manipulating the Microbiota Complexity and the Interaction with Its Host? Lessons from Autism Spectrum Disorder Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:3492. [PMID: 34684493 PMCID: PMC8538077 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders, characterized by early onset difficulties in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors and interests. It is characterized by familial aggregation, suggesting that genetic factors play a role in disease development, in addition to developmentally early environmental factors. Here, we review the role of the gut microbiome in autism, as it has been characterized in case-control studies. We discuss how methodological differences may have led to inconclusive or contradictory results, even though a disproportion between harmful and beneficial bacteria is generally described in autism. Furthermore, we review the studies concerning the effects of gut microbial-based and dietary interventions on autism symptoms. Also, in this case, the results are not comparable due to the lack of standardized methods. Therefore, autism-specific microbiome signatures and, consequently, possible microbiome-oriented interventions are far from being recognized. We argue that a multi-omic longitudinal implementation may be useful to study metabolic changes connected to microbiome changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Lombardi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; or
- Theoreo Srl Spin Off Company, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Jacopo Troisi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; or
- Theoreo Srl Spin Off Company, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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27
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Fecal Transplant and Bifidobacterium Treatments Modulate Gut Clostridium Bacteria and Rescue Social Impairment and Hippocampal BDNF Expression in a Rodent Model of Autism. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081038. [PMID: 34439657 PMCID: PMC8391663 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction and gut microbiota dysbiosis, including an overall increase in Clostridium. Modulation of the gut microbiota is suggested to improve autistic symptoms. In this study, we explored the implementation of two different interventions that target the microbiota in a rodent model of autism and their effects on social behavior: the levels of different fecal Clostridium spp., and hippocampal transcript levels. Autism was induced in young Sprague Dawley male rats using oral gavage of propionic acid (PPA) for three days, while controls received saline. PPA-treated animals were divided to receive either saline, fecal transplant from healthy donor rats, or Bifidobacterium for 22 days, while controls continued to receive saline. We found that PPA attenuated social interaction in animals, which was rescued by the two interventions. PPA-treated animals had a significantly increased abundance of fecal C. perfringens with a concomitant decrease in Clostridium cluster IV, and exhibited high hippocampal Bdnf expression compared to controls. Fecal microbiota transplantation or Bifidobacterium treatment restored the balance of fecal Clostridium spp. and normalized the level of Bdnf expression. These findings highlight the involvement of the gut-brain axis in the etiology of autism and propose possible interventions in a preclinical model of autism.
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28
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Settanni CR, Bibbò S, Ianiro G, Rinninella E, Cintoni M, Mele MC, Cammarota G, Gasbarrini A. Gastrointestinal involvement of autism spectrum disorder: focus on gut microbiota. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:599-622. [PMID: 33356668 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1869938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder typical of early age, characterized by impaired communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. ASD patients frequently suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Neuro-psychological functions, intestinal homeostasis, and functional GI disturbances are modulated by the gut microbiota through the so-called 'microbiota-gut-brain axis'. AREAS COVERED Literature regarding GI symptoms among the ASD community as well as the involvement and modulation of the gut microbiota in GI disturbances of ASD patients was searched. Constipation, diarrhea, reflux, abdominal bloating, pain, and discomfort are reported with variable prevalence. ASD is characterized by a reduction of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes, of the abundance of Bacteroidetes and other imbalances. ASD patients with GI symptoms present microbial changes with plausible relation with deficiency of digestive enzymes, carbohydrate malabsorption, selective eating, bacterial toxins, serotonin metabolism, and inflammation. The strategies to mitigate the GI distress through the gut microbiota modulation comprise antimicrobials, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary intervention. EXPERT OPINION The modulation of the gut microbiota in ASD individuals with GI disturbances seems a promising target for the future medicine. A standardization of the research strategies for large-scale studies together with a focus on poorly explored fields is necessary to strengthen this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Romano Settanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze mediche e chirurgiche, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bibbò
- Dipartimento di Scienze mediche e chirurgiche, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Dipartimento di Scienze mediche e chirurgiche, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- UOC Di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento Di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche E Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Italy
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Scuola Di Specializzazione in Scienza dell'Alimentazione, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- UOC Di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento Di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche E Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Dipartimento di Scienze mediche e chirurgiche, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze mediche e chirurgiche, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Italy
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29
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Laswi I, Shafiq A, Al-Ali D, Burney Z, Pillai K, Salameh M, Mhaimeed N, Zakaria D, Chaari A, Yousri NA, Bendriss G. A Comparative Pilot Study of Bacterial and Fungal Dysbiosis in Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Gastrointestinal Disorders: Commonalities, Specificities and Correlations with Lifestyle. Microorganisms 2021; 9:741. [PMID: 33918112 PMCID: PMC8065742 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) are a common comorbidity in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), while anxiety-like behaviors are common among patients with gastrointestinal diseases. It is still unclear as to which microbes differentiate these two groups. This pilot study aims at proposing an answer by exploring both the bacteriome and the mycobiome in a cohort of 55 volunteers with NDD, GID or controls, while accounting for additional variables that are not commonly included such as probiotic intake and diet. Recruited participants answered a questionnaire and provided a stool sample using the Fisherbrand collection kit. Bacterial and fungal DNA was extracted using the Qiagen Stool minikit. Sequencing (16sRNA and ITS) and phylogenetic analyses were performed using the PE300 Illumina Miseq v3 sequencing. Statistical analysis was performed using the R package. Results showed a significant decrease in bacterial alpha diversity in both NDD and GID, but an increased fungal alpha diversity in NDD. Data pointed at a significant bacterial dysbiosis between the three groups, but the mycobiome dysbiosis is more pronounced in NDD than in GID. Fungi seem to be more affected by probiotics, diet and antibiotic exposure and are proposed to be the main key player in differentiation between NDD and GID dybiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Laswi
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Ameena Shafiq
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Dana Al-Ali
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Zain Burney
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Krishnadev Pillai
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Mohammad Salameh
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Nada Mhaimeed
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Dalia Zakaria
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Ali Chaari
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Noha A. Yousri
- Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar;
- Computers and System Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Ghizlane Bendriss
- Premedical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha 24144, Qatar; (I.L.); (A.S.); (D.A.-A.); (Z.B.); (K.P.); (M.S.); (N.M.); (D.Z.); (A.C.)
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Ling Z, Zhu M, Liu X, Shao L, Cheng Y, Yan X, Jiang R, Wu S. Fecal Fungal Dysbiosis in Chinese Patients With Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:631460. [PMID: 33585471 PMCID: PMC7876328 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.631460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut bacterial dysbiosis plays a vital role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, our understanding of alterations to the gut fungal microbiota and their correlations with host immunity in AD is still limited. Samples were obtained from 88 Chinese patients with AD, and 65 age- and gender-matched, cognitively normal controls. Using these samples, we investigated the fungal microbiota targeting internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) rRNA genes using MiSeq sequencing, and analyzed their associations with the host immune response. Our data demonstrated unaltered fungal diversity but altered taxonomic composition of the fecal fungal microbiota in the AD patients. The analysis of the fungal microbiota was performed using 6,585,557 high-quality reads (2,932,482 reads from the controls and 3,653,075 from the AD patients), with an average of 43,042 reads per sample. We found that several key differential fungi such as Candida tropicalis and Schizophyllum commune were enriched in the AD patients, while Rhodotorula mucilaginosa decreased significantly. Interestingly, C. tropicalis and S. commune were positively correlated with IP-10 and TNF-α levels. In contrast, C. tropicalis was negatively correlated with IL-8 and IFN-γ levels, and R. mucilaginosa was negatively correlated with TNF-α level. PiCRUSt analysis revealed that lipoic acid metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly decreased in the AD fungal microbiota. This study is the first to demonstrate fecal fungal dysbiosis in stable AD patients at a deeper level, and to identify the key differential fungi involved in regulating host systemic immunity. The analysis of the fungal microbiota in AD performed here may provide novel insights into the etiopathogenesis of AD and pave the way for improved diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxin Ling
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Manlian Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Lishui Second People's Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Shao
- Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiumei Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Lishui Second People's Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Ruilai Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Lishui Second People's Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Shaochang Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Lishui Second People's Hospital, Lishui, China
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Nagpal R, Neth BJ, Wang S, Mishra SP, Craft S, Yadav H. Gut mycobiome and its interaction with diet, gut bacteria and alzheimer's disease markers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: A pilot study. EBioMedicine 2020; 59:102950. [PMID: 32861197 PMCID: PMC7475073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, we reported that patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) harbor specific signature of bacteria in their gut and that a modified Mediterranean ketogenic diet (MMKD) improves Alzheimer's disease (AD) markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the signatures of gut bacteria. However, other microbial population such as gut fungi (mycobiome) in relation to MCI/AD pathology, gut bacteria and diet remain unknown. METHODS We measure gut mycobiome by sequencing of the fungal rRNA ITS1 gene in 17 older adults (11 MCI; 6 cognitively normal [CN]) in a single-center, randomized, double-blind, crossover pilot study, before and after 6 weeks intervention of MMKD and American Heart Association Diet (AHAD), and determine its correlation with AD markers in CSF and gut bacteria. FINDINGS Compared to CN counterparts, patients with MCI have higher proportion of families Sclerotiniaceae, Phaffomyceteceae, Trichocomaceae, Cystofilobasidiaceae, Togniniaceae and genera Botrytis, Kazachstania, Phaeoacremonium and Cladosporium and lower abundance of Meyerozyma. Specific fungal taxa exhibit distinct correlation arrays with AD markers and gut bacteria in subjects with versus without MCI. MMKD induces broader effect on fungal diversity in subjects with MCI and increases Agaricus and Mrakia while decreasing Saccharomyces and Claviceps with differential response in subjects with or without MCI. INTERPRETATION The study reveals MCI-specific mycobiome signatures and demonstrates that distinct diets modulate the mycobiome in association with AD markers and fungal-bacterial co-regulation networks in patients with MCI. The findings corroborate the notion of considering gut mycobiome as a unique factor that can affect cognitive health/AD by interacting with gut bacteria and diet and facilitate better understanding of the AD and related microbiome, using unique diet or microbiome modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Bryan J Neth
- Department of Internal Medicine- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Sidharth P Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
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