1
|
Piper KN, Jahn A, Escoffery C, Woods-Jaeger B, Schwartz DP, Smith-Curry C, Sales J. Contextual determinants of family-driven care implementation in juvenile justice settings. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2024; 12:35. [PMID: 39117937 PMCID: PMC11311941 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Engaging families in behavioral health services is a high priority for juvenile justice (JJ) systems and family advocacy groups. Family-driven care (FDC) enhances family engagement and decision-making power in youth behavioral health services, ultimately, improving youth and family mental health and substance abuse outcomes. Despite the benefits, there is limited guidance on how to integrate FDC into behavioral health care within the JJ system. Therefore, the goal of this study is to understand factors that promoted adoption of FDC the JJ context. METHODS JJ staff and leadership across the state of Georgia participated in surveys and interviews to understand contextual implementation determinants related to the adoption of FDC. Between November 2021- July 2022, 140 JJ staff participated in the survey from 61 unique JJ organizations. In addition, 16 staff participated in follow-up key informant interviews to explain quantitative findings. RESULTS Based on a mixed methods analysis, JJ agencies were more likely to implement FDC if they had the following characteristics: (1) presence of site leaders that were strongly committed to family engagement, (2) a shared understanding that family engagement was a top priority, (3) staff training related to family engagement, (4) external partnerships with organizations that serve families, (5) a workplace culture that was supportive of innovation, and (6) presence of family engagement programs that were easier (or more feasible) for staff to implement. DISCUSSION This mixed methods study underscores the importance of strengthening these 6 inner and outer setting implementation determinants when preparing to integrate FDC into JJ systems. Findings are used to promote the adoption and delivery of this high priority intervention in a state-level JJ system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin N Piper
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Alexandra Jahn
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cam Escoffery
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Briana Woods-Jaeger
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Jessica Sales
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jupudi R, Bojkovic K, Schinelli A, Jennings B, Bossarte R. Revisiting relationships between developmental trauma and violence. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1401742. [PMID: 39140106 PMCID: PMC11319281 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1401742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rithvic Jupudi
- University of South Florida Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Katarina Bojkovic
- University of South Florida Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Anthony Schinelli
- University of South Florida Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Brooke Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Robert Bossarte
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luna MJ, Abram KM, Aaby DA, Welty LJ, Teplin LA. Inequities in Mental Health Services: A 16-Year Longitudinal Study of Youth in the Justice System. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 63:422-432. [PMID: 37516236 PMCID: PMC10818024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine: (1) if youth who have mental health disorders receive needed services after they leave detention-and as they age; and (2) inequities in service use, focusing on demographic characteristics and type of disorder. METHOD We used data from the Northwestern Juvenile Project, a longitudinal study of 1,829 youth randomly sampled from detention in Chicago, Illinois in 1995. Participants were re-interviewed up to 13 times through 2015. Interviewers assessed disorders using structured diagnostic interviews and assessed service use using the Child and Adolescent Service Assessment and the Services Assessment for Children and Adolescents. RESULTS Less than 20% of youth who needed services received them, up to median age 32 years. Female participants with any disorder had nearly twice the odds of receiving services compared with male participants (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.41, 2.35). Compared with Black participants with any disorder, non-Hispanic White and Hispanic participants had 2.14 (95% CI: 1.57, 2.90) and 1.50 (95% CI: 1.04, 2.15) times the odds of receiving services. People with a disorder were more likely to receive services during childhood (< age 18) than during adulthood (OR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.32, 3.95). Disorder mattered: participants with an internalizing disorder had 2.26 times and 2.43 times the odds of receiving services compared with those with a substance use disorder (respectively, 95% CI: 1.26, 4.04; 95% CI: 1.49, 3.97). CONCLUSION Few youth who need services receive them as they age; inequities persist over time. We must implement evidence-based strategies to reduce barriers to services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María José Luna
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karen M Abram
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David A Aaby
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Leah J Welty
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Linda A Teplin
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Piper KN, Jahn A, Escoffery C, Woods-Jaeger B, Nunn A, Schwartz DP, Smith-Curry C, Sales J. A mixed methods evaluation of family-driven care implementation in juvenile justice agencies in Georgia. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2024; 12:8. [PMID: 38407654 PMCID: PMC10895769 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving family engagement in juvenile justice (JJ) system behavioral health services is a high priority for JJ systems, reform organizations, and family advocacy groups across the United States. Family-driven care (FDC) is a family engagement framework used by youth-serving systems to elevate family voice and decision-making power at all levels of the organization. Key domains of a family-driven system of care include: 1) identifying and involving families in all processes, 2) informing families with accurate, understandable, and transparent information, 3) collaborating with families to make decisions and plan treatments, 4) responding to family diversity and inclusion, 5) partnering with families to make organizational decisions and policy changes, 6) providing opportunities for family peer support, 7) providing logistical support to help families overcome barriers to participation, and 8) addressing family health and functioning. FDC enhances family participation, empowerment, and decision-making power in youth services; ultimately, improving youth and family behavioral health outcomes, enhancing family-child connectedness, and reducing youth recidivism in the JJ setting. METHODS We evaluated staff-perceived adoption of the eight domains of FDC across detention and community services agencies in the state of Georgia. We collected mixed methods data involving surveys and in-depth qualitative interviews with JJ system administrators, staff, and practitioners between November 2021- July 2022. In total, 140 individuals from 61 unique JJ agencies participated in surveys; and 16 JJ key informants participated in qualitative interviews. RESULTS FDC domains with the highest perceived adoption across agencies included identifying and involving families, informing families, collaborative decision-making and treatment planning, and family diversity and inclusion. Other domains that had mixed or lower perceived adoption included involving families in organizational feedback and policy making, family peer support, logistical support, and family health and functioning. Adoption of FDC domains differed across staff and organizational characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this mixed methods assessment will inform strategic planning for the scale-up of FDC strategies across JJ agencies in the state, and serve as a template for assessing strengths and weaknesses in the application of family engagement practices in systems nationally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin N Piper
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Alexandra Jahn
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cam Escoffery
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Briana Woods-Jaeger
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amy Nunn
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | - Jessica Sales
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rice SM, Baker DG, Purcell R, Chanen A. Offending behaviour and mental ill-health among young people: Reducing recidivism requires integration with youth mental health care. J Glob Health 2024; 14:03001. [PMID: 38386766 PMCID: PMC10869133 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.03001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Rice
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David G Baker
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosemary Purcell
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Chanen
- Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sheerin KM, Williamson-Butler S, Vieira A, Grant M, Kemp KA. The association between caregiver psychiatric distress and perceived barriers to behavioral health treatment participation for youth in the juvenile legal system. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2024; 50:218-232. [PMID: 37986105 PMCID: PMC10842162 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Youth in the juvenile legal system (JLS) evidence high rates of behavioral health concerns but struggle to access services. Given that caregivers are often tasked with helping their child to initiate and persist with services, it seems important to understand how their own well-being impacts their experiences of barriers to treatment participation for their child. The present study examined the link between caregiver (N = 196; 89% female) psychiatric concerns and experiences of treatment barriers among a sample of youth involved in the JLS. A cluster analysis revealed a cluster of caregivers with clinically significant levels of psychiatric distress and a cluster with low levels of psychiatric distress. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that belonging to the high-distress cluster was predictive of experiencing certain types of barriers to treatment participation. These findings have implications for interventions for addressing barriers to treatment participation for caregivers of legally involved youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M Sheerin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Bradley Hasbro Children's Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Alyssa Vieira
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Miyah Grant
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kathleen A Kemp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Bradley Hasbro Children's Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hawes DJ, Gardner F, Dadds MR, Frick PJ, Kimonis ER, Burke JD, Fairchild G. Oppositional defiant disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:31. [PMID: 37349322 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a disruptive behaviour disorder involving an ongoing pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behaviour and vindictiveness. Onset is typically before 8 years of age, although ODD can be diagnosed in both children and adults. This disorder is associated with substantial social and economic burden, and childhood ODD is one of the most common precursors of other mental health problems that can arise across the lifespan. The population prevalence of ODD is ~3 to 5%. A higher prevalence in males than females has been reported, particularly before adolescence. No single risk factor accounts for ODD. The development of this disorder seems to arise from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, and mechanisms embedded in social relationships are understood to contribute to its maintenance. The treatment of ODD is often successful, and relatively brief parenting interventions produce large sized treatment effects in early childhood. Accordingly, ODD represents an important focus for research, practice and policy concerning early intervention and prevention in mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Hawes
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Frances Gardner
- Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark R Dadds
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul J Frick
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Eva R Kimonis
- Parent-Child Research Clinic, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeffrey D Burke
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oei A, Li D, Chu CM, Ng I, Hoo E, Ruby K. Disruptive behaviors, antisocial attitudes, and aggression in young offenders: Comparison of Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) typologies. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 141:106191. [PMID: 37084615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) are associated with many deleterious outcomes in young offenders. There is a dearth of studies examining its effects on young offenders' antisocial attitudes, disruptive behaviors and aggression, risk factors for delinquency and reoffending. OBJECTIVE This study examined ACE patterns and their association with the above factors in young offenders. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 1130 youth offenders (964 males; Mage = 17.57 years), provided self-reports on ACEs, antisocial attitudes, disruptive behavior ratings and aggression. METHOD Latent Class Analysis was performed on 12 self-reported ACEs, followed by Analyses of Covariance on each of the measures. RESULTS Four classes - Low ACE, Indirect Victims, Abusive Environment, and Polyvictimized - were identified. Polyvictimized youths had the highest levels of conduct problems (M = 70.35, ps < .05) and proactive aggression (M = 0.45, ps < .05) but did not differ from youths in Abusive Environment in reactive aggression (M = 1.02, p = .69), oppositional problems (M = 65.15, p = .18), and antisocial attitudes (M = 26.95, p = .21). Indirect Victims had lower levels of conduct problems (M = 64.80, p < .05) and antisocial attitudes (M = 24.35, p < .05) than Polyvictimized youths but higher levels of these outcomes than the Low ACE group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that ACEs patterns vary in their effects on antisociality and disruptive behaviors. The novel finding was that childhood victimization does not have to be direct, as indirect victimization significantly impacted factors important to delinquency and reoffending.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Oei
- Translational Social Research Division, National Council of Social Service, 170 Ghim Moh Road, #01-02, 279621, Singapore; Department of Social Work & Social Service Research Centre, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Blk AS3, Level 4, 3 Arts Link, 117570, Singapore.
| | - Dongdong Li
- Translational Social Research Division, National Council of Social Service, 170 Ghim Moh Road, #01-02, 279621, Singapore; Department of Social Work & Social Service Research Centre, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Blk AS3, Level 4, 3 Arts Link, 117570, Singapore
| | - Chi Meng Chu
- Translational Social Research Division, National Council of Social Service, 170 Ghim Moh Road, #01-02, 279621, Singapore; Policy Research Office, Ministry of Social and Family Development, 512 Thomson Road, MSF Building, #07-00, 298136, Singapore
| | - Irene Ng
- Department of Social Work & Social Service Research Centre, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Blk AS3, Level 4, 3 Arts Link, 117570, Singapore
| | - Eric Hoo
- Translational Social Research Division, National Council of Social Service, 170 Ghim Moh Road, #01-02, 279621, Singapore
| | - Kala Ruby
- Probation and Community Rehabilitation Services, Ministry of Social and Family Development, 1 Kay Siang Road, #01-10, 248922, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tolou-Shams M, Folk JB, Holloway ED, Ordorica CM, Dauria EF, Kemp K, Marshall BDL. Psychiatric and Substance-Related Problems Predict Recidivism for First-Time Justice-Involved Youth. THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PSYCHIATRY AND THE LAW 2023; 51:35-46. [PMID: 36646452 PMCID: PMC10019581 DOI: 10.29158/jaapl.220028-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Justice-involved youth with clinically significant co-occurring psychiatric and substance-related problems are at increased risk for recidivism. Less is known about how psychiatric symptoms (i.e., internalizing and externalizing) and substance-related problems (i.e., alcohol and cannabis) interact to predict recidivism, especially at first court contact. Among 361 first-time justice-involved youth aged 12 to 18, we used nested multivariate negative binomial regression models to examine the association between psychiatric symptoms, substance-related problems and 24-month recidivism while accounting for demographic and legal covariates. Clinically significant externalizing symptoms and alcohol-related problems predicted recidivism. Moderation analyses revealed that alcohol-related problems drove recidivism for youth without clinically significant psychiatric symptoms and externalizing symptoms predicted recidivism, regardless of alcohol-related problems. After accounting for other predictors, Latinx, Black non-Latinx, and multiracial non-Latinx youth were more likely to recidivate at follow-up than White non-Latinx youth. Systematic screening, referral, and linkage to treatment for psychiatric and substance-related problems are needed to reduce recidivism risk among first-time justice-involved youth. Differences in recidivism rates by race/ethnicity not attributable to behavioral health needs suggest it is imperative to concurrently deploy large-scale structural interventions designed to combat systemic racial bias and overrepresentation of ethnoracial minoritized youth within the juvenile justice system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tolou-Shams
- Dr. Tolou-Shams is Professor, Dr. Folk is Assistant Professor, Dr. Holloway is Postdoctoral Fellow, and Ms. Ordorica is Clinical Research Coordinator, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA. Dr. Dauria is Assistant Professor at University of Pittsburgh, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA. Dr. Kemp is Assistant Professor at The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI. Dr. Marshall is Associate Professor at Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Providence, RI.
| | - Johanna B Folk
- Dr. Tolou-Shams is Professor, Dr. Folk is Assistant Professor, Dr. Holloway is Postdoctoral Fellow, and Ms. Ordorica is Clinical Research Coordinator, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA. Dr. Dauria is Assistant Professor at University of Pittsburgh, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA. Dr. Kemp is Assistant Professor at The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI. Dr. Marshall is Associate Professor at Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Providence, RI
| | - Evan D Holloway
- Dr. Tolou-Shams is Professor, Dr. Folk is Assistant Professor, Dr. Holloway is Postdoctoral Fellow, and Ms. Ordorica is Clinical Research Coordinator, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA. Dr. Dauria is Assistant Professor at University of Pittsburgh, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA. Dr. Kemp is Assistant Professor at The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI. Dr. Marshall is Associate Professor at Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Providence, RI
| | - Catalina M Ordorica
- Dr. Tolou-Shams is Professor, Dr. Folk is Assistant Professor, Dr. Holloway is Postdoctoral Fellow, and Ms. Ordorica is Clinical Research Coordinator, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA. Dr. Dauria is Assistant Professor at University of Pittsburgh, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA. Dr. Kemp is Assistant Professor at The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI. Dr. Marshall is Associate Professor at Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Providence, RI
| | - Emily F Dauria
- Dr. Tolou-Shams is Professor, Dr. Folk is Assistant Professor, Dr. Holloway is Postdoctoral Fellow, and Ms. Ordorica is Clinical Research Coordinator, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA. Dr. Dauria is Assistant Professor at University of Pittsburgh, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA. Dr. Kemp is Assistant Professor at The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI. Dr. Marshall is Associate Professor at Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Providence, RI
| | - Kathleen Kemp
- Dr. Tolou-Shams is Professor, Dr. Folk is Assistant Professor, Dr. Holloway is Postdoctoral Fellow, and Ms. Ordorica is Clinical Research Coordinator, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA. Dr. Dauria is Assistant Professor at University of Pittsburgh, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA. Dr. Kemp is Assistant Professor at The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI. Dr. Marshall is Associate Professor at Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Providence, RI
| | - Brandon D L Marshall
- Dr. Tolou-Shams is Professor, Dr. Folk is Assistant Professor, Dr. Holloway is Postdoctoral Fellow, and Ms. Ordorica is Clinical Research Coordinator, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA. Dr. Dauria is Assistant Professor at University of Pittsburgh, Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA. Dr. Kemp is Assistant Professor at The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI. Dr. Marshall is Associate Professor at Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Providence, RI
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Robertson AA, Gardner S, Dembo R, Dennis M, Pankow J, Wilson KJ. Impact of implementation interventions to improve substance use service delivery on recidivism among justice-involved youth. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2023; 11:12. [PMID: 36853574 PMCID: PMC9972752 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-023-00210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUD) are prevalent among justice-involved youth (JIY) and are a robust predictor of re-offending. Only a fraction of JIY with substance use problems receive treatment. This paper describes the impacts of system-level efforts to improve identification and referral to treatment on recidivism of JIY. A cluster randomized trial involving 20 county juvenile justice agency sites across 5 states was used to implement an organizational intervention (Core vs Enhanced) to juvenile justice staff and community-based treatment providers, working with 18,698 JIY from March 2014 to August 2017. Recidivism rates over four study time periods were examined. Logistic regression was used to predict recidivism as a function of site, need for SUD services, level of supervision, time, organizational intervention, and time x intervention interaction terms. Results indicated that Enhanced sites showed decreased levels of recidivism compared to Core-only sites, where it increased over time. Additionally, need for SU services, level of supervision, and site were significant predictors of reoffending. Findings suggest the potential value of facilitation of juvenile justice agency efforts to increasing identification of and referral to SUD services of JIY in need of such services for reducing further contact with the legal system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela A. Robertson
- Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, 1 Research Blvd., Suite 103, Starkville, MS 39759 USA
| | - Sheena Gardner
- Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, 1 Research Blvd., Suite 103, Starkville, MS 39759 USA
| | - Richard Dembo
- Department of Criminology, College of Behavioral & Criminal Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Michael Dennis
- Lighthouse Institute, Chestnut Health Systems, Normal, IL USA
| | - Jennifer Pankow
- Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX USA
| | - Khirsten J. Wilson
- Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, 1 Research Blvd., Suite 103, Starkville, MS 39759 USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tamburello A, Penn J, Negron-Muñoz R, Kaliebe K. Prescribing Psychotropic Medications for Justice-Involved Juveniles. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2023; 29:94-108. [PMID: 36637811 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.21.09.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are exceedingly common in justice-involved youth. Relevant justice systems are varied, evolving, complex, and underserved. The intent of this article is to highlight the research and best practices related to managing the psychiatric disorders of justice-involved youths with a particular focus on pharmacotherapy. We review relevant features of the justice system and related case law, how prescribing for these individuals varies from both community settings and for incarcerated adults, effective assessment and medication selection, informed consent, management of nonadherence and medication diversion, and applied evidence for specific psychiatric problems common in these patients. Psychiatrists caring for justice-involved youth will benefit from tools, like this article, for training and orientation to provide timely and effective treatment services and consultation in these settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Tamburello
- University Correctional Health Care Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Department of Psychiatry, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joseph Penn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Correctional Managed Care Mental Health Services, Conroe, Texas, USA
| | - Rosa Negron-Muñoz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kristopher Kaliebe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zupan B, Hutchings SM, Everitt LE, Gupta C. Language disorder and internalizing mental health problems in youth offenders: A systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2022; 57:1207-1228. [PMID: 35841339 PMCID: PMC9796836 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of language disorder in youth offenders far exceeds rates reported in community samples. Youth involved in the justice system are also at increased risk of a range of psychiatric disorders, including internalizing mental health problems (i.e., anxiety, depression). However, the frequency with which these co-occur in this population is not known. Understanding the co-occurrence of language disorder with anxiety and depression in youth offenders may contribute to more coordinated and targeted support for these vulnerable youth. AIMS To explore the co-occurrence of language disorder and anxiety and depression in youth offenders. METHODS & PROCEDURES A systematic literature search of six databases (CINAHL, ERIC, Medline, PyscINFO, PubMED, Scopus) was conducted (September 2021) using key search terms relevant to the systematic review question. Study inclusion criteria were: (1) original research published in English; (2) youth up to 21 years of age involved in the justice system; and (3) reported outcomes on language and anxiety and/or depression. All included studies were appraised using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal tool checklist relevant to study design. Due to the heterogeneity of included studies, data synthesis was narrative. MAIN CONTRIBUTION Eight studies met the eligibility criteria. A range of measures was used to assess language abilities across samples. Only two studies directly addressed the relationship between language disorder and internalizing mental health problems; both found no significant correlation. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS Although the results did not support a significant relationship between language disorder and internalizing mental health problems in youth offenders, the two appear to occur comorbidly as evidenced by heightened rates of both in the included samples. This review highlights the need for more robust studies aimed to better understand this relationship. Stronger evidence may contribute to increased collaborative speech pathology and psychology services which might increase youth offenders' accessibility and engagement in intervention programmes (e.g., cognitive-behaviour therapy; interpersonal skills training; individual counselling). WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What is already known on this subject The markedly high rates of language disorder in youth involved in the justice system have been widely reported. It is also known that externalizing mental health problems often bring youth in contact with the justice system. Though there is some information about the prevalence of internalizing mental health problems in this population, the co-occurrence of language disorder and internalizing mental health problems has not been examined as widely. What this study adds to existing knowledge This study aimed to identify the frequency of co-occurrence of language disorder and anxiety and/or depression in youth offenders. Although the results did not support a significant relationship between language disorder and internalizing mental health problems in this population, results of the review provide evidence of heightened rates of both. This study also provides a summary of the various measures used to assess language and internalizing mental health in youth offenders across the eight studies included in this review. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? It is possible that the tests and sub-tests used to identify language disorders and internalizing mental health problems were not sensitive enough to identify the full extent of youth offenders' needs. Identifying the presence of language disorders and internalizing mental health problems and recognizing the impact these may have on the communication and behaviours of an individual can better inform staff and therapists as they engage and interact with youth in the justice system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbra Zupan
- College of Health SciencesSchool of Health Medical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQLDAustralia
| | - Suzanne M. Hutchings
- College of Health SciencesSchool of Health Medical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQLDAustralia
| | - Lucy E. Everitt
- College of Health SciencesSchool of Health Medical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQLDAustralia
| | - Charlotte Gupta
- Appleton InstituteSchool of Health Medical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityWayvilleSAAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Baker D, Rice S, Purcell R. The case for a diversion option to trauma-informed community-based primary mental health services for young people following early encounters with police. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:1163-1167. [PMID: 36192362 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM There is a convergence between the peak age of onset of mental illness, offending behaviour and associated risk of crime victimization. This study compared self-reported childhood maltreatment and mental health outcomes among a cohort of help-seeking young people who disclosed either a prior criminal charge, crime victimization, or both, to those who did not report any such experiences. The outcomes may inform the development of a diversion option for young people at a first or early encounter with police. METHODS The Transitions Study (N = 802; mean age = 18.3 years; 66% female) baseline and 12-month follow-up data were analysed in relation to childhood maltreatment (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and changes in mental health (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale) among young people attending headspace centres in Australia. Outcomes were compared between those young people reporting a prior criminal charge and/or crime victimization and those who did not. RESULTS Young people who reported a prior criminal charge or crime victimization reported higher frequency and severity of childhood maltreatment, than those who did not. Both groups reported a reduction in psychological distress following youth mental health service access at 12-month follow-up, however functional improvement was only evident for young people who did not report a prior criminal charge or crime victimization. CONCLUSIONS Higher rates of reported childhood maltreatment and reduced psychological distress following service access supports trialling a diversion option to a trauma-informed community-based primary mental health service for young people following an early encounter with police.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Baker
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Rice
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosemary Purcell
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Orygen, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sexual Trauma Informed Understanding of Longitudinal Depression among Repeat Juvenile Offenders. J Behav Health Serv Res 2022; 49:456-469. [PMID: 35654934 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-022-09804-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Childhood sexual assault (CSA) victimization and depression are global public health concerns that disproportionately affect youths involved in the juvenile justice system. Little research has examined the influence of CSA on the stability of depressive symptoms among repeat juvenile offenders. The present study tested a gendered model of the association between lifetime CSA victimization and depression for three time points: baseline juvenile assessment entry; second reentry; and third reentry. Further, covariate analyses were conducted to explore the impact of socio-demographics on CSA victimization and depression. Results indicate that CSA victimization was associated directly with baseline depression and indirectly with depression at second reentry for both male and female justice-involved youths. For white, male youth, there were significantly higher rates of depression over time, than other males. However, age, African American or Hispanic race/ethnicity, living situation, and urbanity were not significantly associated with CSA victimization at baseline or depression over time. These findings underscore the need for juvenile justice services that address exposure to childhood trauma and mental illness more effectively.
Collapse
|
15
|
Holloway ED, Folk JB, Ordorica C, Tolou-Shams M. Peer, substance use, and race-related factors associated with recidivism among first-time justice-involved youth. LAW AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022; 46:140-153. [PMID: 35073113 PMCID: PMC9255272 DOI: 10.1037/lhb0000471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peer deviancy and substance-related consequences are dynamic criminogenic needs associated with increased risk of recidivism for justice-involved youth. Most prior research in this area, however, is based on samples of primarily male youth charged with delinquent offenses. Because identification of dynamic criminogenic needs is essential to delinquency risk reduction efforts, the purpose of this study was to examine the role of peer deviancy and substance-related consequences in a sample of youth at first contact with the juvenile justice system, with relatively equal representation of males and females and youth charged with delinquent and status offenses. HYPOTHESES We hypothesized that higher levels of peer deviancy and more severe alcohol- and cannabis-related consequences would predict recidivism. We also hypothesized that Black and brown youth would be more likely to recidivate than non-Latinx White participants. METHOD First-time justice-involved youth (N = 401) aged 12-18 and their caregivers reported independent variables at baseline (demographic, legal, psychiatric, and peer factors). Official records of recidivism (i.e., number of new charges 2 years later) was the dependent variable for nested multivariate negative binomial regression models. RESULTS Peer deviancy reported by caregivers, but not by youth, predicted recidivism 2 years later. Consequences related to alcohol, but not cannabis, increased recidivism risk. Finally, participants who were younger, male, charged with a delinquent offense, and Black, multiracial, and/or Latinx were more likely to recidivate than non-Latinx White participants after controlling for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the influence of institutionalized racism on later court involvement for youth of color at first court contact, regardless of individual risk. Deviant peers and consequences of alcohol are salient intervention targets for this population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
16
|
Kemp K, Yurasek AM, Poindexter B, Webb M, Tolou-Shams M. Suicide Screening Among Youth at First Court Contact. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 26:748-760. [PMID: 33076766 PMCID: PMC8053719 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1833795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Youth involved in the juvenile justice system are at elevated risk for suicide and co-occurring mental health symptoms. This study aims to examine the suicide risk and treatment needs of court-involved, non-incarcerated (CINI) youth, and to understand the acceptability and effectiveness of implementing a mental health screening procedure at time of first court contact. By embedding a forensic mental health screening tool into the intake process of a family court diversionary program, a total of 891 youth (aged 12-18) were assessed using the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-2 (MAYSI-2). Analysis of screening responses revealed 12.5% of youth indicated risk for suicide with risk levels differentiated by youth sex, race and ethnicity. Suicide ideation was also significantly associated with flagging, an indication of clinical risk, on all other scales of the MAYSI-2, as well as subsequent referrals to treatment. Screening for suicide at first point of court contact within an existing diversionary program may serve as a critical and effective point of intervention for youth in need.
Collapse
|
17
|
Drubina B, Kökönyei G, Reinhardt M. Associations between non-suicidal self-injury and negative romantic relationship life events in male justice-involved adolescents. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:401. [PMID: 34388998 PMCID: PMC8361803 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current study we investigated impulsivity and negative life events in relation to non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in correctional settings. METHODS A total of 141 male justice-involved juveniles participated in our cross-sectional study, aged between 14 and 21 years old (M = 17.75; SD = 1.38). Data collection took place in correctional institutions in Hungary. A binary logistic regression was conducted to investigate possible associations between NSSI, impulsivity and negative life events. RESULTS Lifetime prevalence of NSSI was 53.9% (N = 76). In a binary logistic regression model, only negative romantic relationship events were significantly associated with the risk of current NSSI (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = [1.06-1.56]). Other types of negative life events (family-related, friendship-related), impulsivity, age and conviction status did not have a significant role in the model. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that juvenile offenders should receive additional support to manage stress that is associated with negative life events, especially problems in romantic relationships. It is essential to help young inmates to find an adaptive way of reducing stress caused by negative relationship life events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Drubina
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. .,Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 46 Izabella Street, Budapest, H-1064, Hungary. .,Child Protection Centre of Budapest and Local Child Protection Professional Services, Expert Committee, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gyöngyi Kökönyei
- grid.5591.80000 0001 2294 6276Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 46 Izabella Street, Budapest, H-1064 Hungary ,grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821SE-NAP2 Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary ,grid.11804.3c0000 0001 0942 9821Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Reinhardt
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 46 Izabella Street, Budapest, H-1064, Hungary. .,XIV District Medical Center, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Teplin LA, Potthoff LM, Aaby DA, Welty LJ, Dulcan MK, Abram KM. Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Continuity of Psychiatric Disorders in a 15-Year Longitudinal Study of Youths Involved in the Juvenile Justice System. JAMA Pediatr 2021; 175:e205807. [PMID: 33818599 PMCID: PMC8022269 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.5807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Importance Previous studies have found that one-half to three-quarters of youths detained in juvenile justice facilities have 1 or more psychiatric disorders. Little is known about the course of their disorders as they age. Objective To examine the prevalence, comorbidity, and continuity of 13 psychiatric disorders among youths detained in a juvenile justice facility during the 15 years after detention up to a median age of 31 years, with a focus on sex and racial/ethnic differences. Design, Setting, and Participants The Northwestern Juvenile Project is a longitudinal cohort study of health needs and outcomes of 1829 randomly selected youths in a temporary juvenile detention center in Cook County, Illinois. Youths aged 10 to 18 years were interviewed in detention from November 20, 1995, through June 14, 1998. Participants were reinterviewed up to 12 times during the 15-year study period through February 2015, for a total of 16 372 interviews. The sample was stratified by sex, race/ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White), age (10-13 years or 14-18 years), and legal status (processed in juvenile or adult court). Data analysis was conducted from February 2014, when data preparation began, to March 2020. Exposures Detention in a juvenile justice facility. Main Outcomes and Measures Psychiatric disorders, assessed by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, version 2.3 at the baseline interviews. Follow-up interviews were conducted using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, version IV; the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, version IV; and the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (beginning at the 6-year follow-up interview). Results The study included 1829 youths sampled at baseline (1172 males and 657 females; mean [SD] age, 14.9 [1.4] years). Although prevalence and comorbidity of psychiatric disorders decreased as the 1829 participants aged, 52.3% of males and 30.9% of females had at least 1 or more psychiatric disorders 15 years postdetention. Among participants with a disorder at baseline, 64.3% of males and 34.8% of females had a disorder 15 years later. Compared with females, males had 3.37 times the odds of persisting with a psychiatric disorder 15 years after baseline (95% CI, 1.79-6.35). Compared with Black participants and Hispanic participants, non-Hispanic White participants had 1.6 times the odds of behavioral disorders (odds ratio, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.27-1.91 and odds ratio, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.23-2.05, respectively) and greater than 1.3 times the odds of substance use disorders (odds ratio, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.55-2.33 and odds ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.11-1.73, respectively) throughout the follow-up period. Behavioral disorders and substance use disorders were the most prevalent 15 years after detention. Conclusions and Relevance This study's findings suggest that persistent psychiatric disorders may complicate the transition from adolescence to adulthood, which is already challenging for youths involved in the juvenile justice system, many of whom are from racial/ethnic minority groups and low-income backgrounds. The pediatric health community should advocate for early identification and treatment of disorders among youths in the justice system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda A. Teplin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lauren M. Potthoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David A. Aaby
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Leah J. Welty
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mina K. Dulcan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karen M. Abram
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wasserman GA, McReynolds LS, Taxman FS, Belenko S, Elkington KS, Robertson AA, Dennis ML, Knight DK, Knudsen HK, Dembo R, Ciarleglio A, Wiley TRA. The Missing Link(age): Multilevel Contributors to Service Uptake Failure Among Youths on Community Justice Supervision. Psychiatr Serv 2021; 72:546-554. [PMID: 33765861 PMCID: PMC8288447 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.202000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Youths in the juvenile justice system often do not access needed behavioral health services. The behavioral health services cascade model was used to examine rates of substance use screening, identification of substance use treatment needs, and referral to and initiation of treatment among youths undergoing juvenile justice system intake and to identify when treatment access is most challenged. Characteristics associated with identification of behavioral health needs and linkage to community services were also examined. METHODS Data were drawn from administrative records of 33 community justice agencies in seven states participating in Juvenile Justice-Translational Research on Interventions for Adolescents in the Legal System, funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (N=8,307 youths). Contributions of youth, staff, agency, and county characteristics to identification of behavioral health needs and linkage to community services were examined. RESULTS More than 70% (5,942 of 8,307) of youths were screened for substance use problems, and more than half needed treatment. Among those in need, only about one-fifth were referred to treatment, and among those referred, 67.5% initiated treatment. Overall, <10% of youths with identified needs initiated services. Multivariable multilevel regression analyses revealed several contributors to service-related outcomes, with youths' level of supervision being among the strongest predictors of treatment referral. CONCLUSIONS Community justice agencies appear to follow an approach that focuses identification and linkage practices on concerns other than youths' behavioral health needs, although such needs contribute to reoffending. Local agencies should coordinate efforts to support interagency communication in the referral and cross-system linkage process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gail A Wasserman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Wasserman, McReynolds, Elkington); Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Taxman); Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, Philadelphia, (Belenko); Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville (Robertson); Lighthouse Institute, Chestnut Health Systems, Normal, Illinois (Dennis); Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth (Knight); Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington (Knudsen); Department of Criminology, University of South Florida, Tampa (Dembo); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. (Ciarleglio); National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland (Wiley)
| | - Larkin S McReynolds
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Wasserman, McReynolds, Elkington); Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Taxman); Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, Philadelphia, (Belenko); Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville (Robertson); Lighthouse Institute, Chestnut Health Systems, Normal, Illinois (Dennis); Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth (Knight); Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington (Knudsen); Department of Criminology, University of South Florida, Tampa (Dembo); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. (Ciarleglio); National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland (Wiley)
| | - Faye S Taxman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Wasserman, McReynolds, Elkington); Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Taxman); Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, Philadelphia, (Belenko); Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville (Robertson); Lighthouse Institute, Chestnut Health Systems, Normal, Illinois (Dennis); Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth (Knight); Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington (Knudsen); Department of Criminology, University of South Florida, Tampa (Dembo); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. (Ciarleglio); National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland (Wiley)
| | - Steven Belenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Wasserman, McReynolds, Elkington); Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Taxman); Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, Philadelphia, (Belenko); Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville (Robertson); Lighthouse Institute, Chestnut Health Systems, Normal, Illinois (Dennis); Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth (Knight); Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington (Knudsen); Department of Criminology, University of South Florida, Tampa (Dembo); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. (Ciarleglio); National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland (Wiley)
| | - Katherine S Elkington
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Wasserman, McReynolds, Elkington); Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Taxman); Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, Philadelphia, (Belenko); Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville (Robertson); Lighthouse Institute, Chestnut Health Systems, Normal, Illinois (Dennis); Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth (Knight); Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington (Knudsen); Department of Criminology, University of South Florida, Tampa (Dembo); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. (Ciarleglio); National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland (Wiley)
| | - Angela A Robertson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Wasserman, McReynolds, Elkington); Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Taxman); Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, Philadelphia, (Belenko); Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville (Robertson); Lighthouse Institute, Chestnut Health Systems, Normal, Illinois (Dennis); Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth (Knight); Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington (Knudsen); Department of Criminology, University of South Florida, Tampa (Dembo); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. (Ciarleglio); National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland (Wiley)
| | - Michael L Dennis
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Wasserman, McReynolds, Elkington); Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Taxman); Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, Philadelphia, (Belenko); Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville (Robertson); Lighthouse Institute, Chestnut Health Systems, Normal, Illinois (Dennis); Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth (Knight); Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington (Knudsen); Department of Criminology, University of South Florida, Tampa (Dembo); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. (Ciarleglio); National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland (Wiley)
| | - Danica K Knight
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Wasserman, McReynolds, Elkington); Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Taxman); Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, Philadelphia, (Belenko); Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville (Robertson); Lighthouse Institute, Chestnut Health Systems, Normal, Illinois (Dennis); Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth (Knight); Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington (Knudsen); Department of Criminology, University of South Florida, Tampa (Dembo); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. (Ciarleglio); National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland (Wiley)
| | - Hannah K Knudsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Wasserman, McReynolds, Elkington); Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Taxman); Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, Philadelphia, (Belenko); Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville (Robertson); Lighthouse Institute, Chestnut Health Systems, Normal, Illinois (Dennis); Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth (Knight); Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington (Knudsen); Department of Criminology, University of South Florida, Tampa (Dembo); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. (Ciarleglio); National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland (Wiley)
| | - Richard Dembo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Wasserman, McReynolds, Elkington); Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Taxman); Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, Philadelphia, (Belenko); Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville (Robertson); Lighthouse Institute, Chestnut Health Systems, Normal, Illinois (Dennis); Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth (Knight); Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington (Knudsen); Department of Criminology, University of South Florida, Tampa (Dembo); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. (Ciarleglio); National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland (Wiley)
| | - Adam Ciarleglio
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Wasserman, McReynolds, Elkington); Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Taxman); Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, Philadelphia, (Belenko); Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville (Robertson); Lighthouse Institute, Chestnut Health Systems, Normal, Illinois (Dennis); Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth (Knight); Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington (Knudsen); Department of Criminology, University of South Florida, Tampa (Dembo); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. (Ciarleglio); National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland (Wiley)
| | - Tisha R A Wiley
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Wasserman, McReynolds, Elkington); Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia (Taxman); Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, Philadelphia, (Belenko); Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville (Robertson); Lighthouse Institute, Chestnut Health Systems, Normal, Illinois (Dennis); Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth (Knight); Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington (Knudsen); Department of Criminology, University of South Florida, Tampa (Dembo); Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. (Ciarleglio); National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland (Wiley)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Waldo JA, Henderson C, Dauber S, Hogue A. DIfferences in Treatment Trajectories Between Two Profiles of Adolescent Systems Involvement. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2021; 121:105811. [PMID: 33446943 PMCID: PMC7802753 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Of adolescents utilizing behavioral health services, between 45% and 62% (Farmer et al., 2003; Merikangas et al., 2011) become involved in multiple systems (i.e., mental health, juvenile justice, child welfare, and education systems) to meet their behavioral health needs (e.g., Glisson & Green, 2006). Despite their involvement in treatment, these youths often still have unmet needs due to lack of integrated care across systems (e.g., Hawkins, 2009). Adolescent behavior problems may be conceptualized differently to account for the unique needs of youth involved in multiple systems. Using a sample of 433 youth in need of behavioral health treatment services, we: (1) identified distinct classes of systems involvement across four systems, (2) compared youth comprising these classes on demographics and DSM-IV diagnoses, and (3) examined changes in delinquency and substance use over time among the youth comprising the systems involvement class groupings. Using latent class analysis, we identified two distinct classes of adolescent systems involvement: one with heavy involvement in all systems and the other with high involvement in only the education and mental health systems. Latent growth curve analyses using most likely class membership as a predictor demonstrated that adolescents with heavy involvement in all systems showed significantly more decreases in delinquent activity than comparison youth, but less decreases in substance use over a one-year follow-up period. Our findings support that it is clinically useful to examine classes of multiple systems involvement. Treatment providers can use these findings identify whether or not their clients are heavily involved in all systems and tailor their approach accordingly. In addition, researchers can continue to parse out differences in treatment trajectories for multiple systems involved youth as well as the various factors impacting these differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig Henderson
- Sam Houston State University, Campus Box 2447, Huntsville, TX 77341
| | - Sarah Dauber
- Center on Addiction, 485 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10017
| | - Aaron Hogue
- Center on Addiction, 485 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10017
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pat P, Richter-Sundberg L, Jegannathan B, Edin K, San Sebastian M. Mental health problems and suicidal expressions among young male prisoners in Cambodia: a cross-sectional study. Glob Health Action 2021; 14:1985229. [PMID: 34643166 PMCID: PMC8519542 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2021.1985229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background incarceration and mental health problems are known to have a strong empirical association. Many studies have confirmed the high prevalence of mental health problems among young prisoners in particular, yet none has been conducted in Cambodia. Objectives this study aimed to assess the level of mental health problems and suicidal expressions, and determine the associated risk factors among young prisoners in Cambodia. Method this was a cross-sectional study among 572 young prisoners between the ages of 15 and 24 from three prisons. Sociodemographic data and detailed information on participants’ profiles were gathered, and mental health problems and suicidal expressions were assessed using the Youth Self-Report (YSR) and the Attitude Towards Suicide (ATTS) questionnaires, respectively. Results Mental health problems as revealed by the mean YSR scores were: 25.97 for internalizing and 18.12 for externalizing problems; 11.88 for anxiety/depression, 9.97 for aggressive behaviours and 7.53 for somatic complaints. Social problems, attention problems and rule breaking behaviour were in the range of 8.10 to 8.49. Withdrawal depression and thought problems mean scores were 6.55 and 6.66, respectively. Mental health problems were associated with younger age, lower educational background, and shorter duration of incarceration. Around 16% had thought about their own death, and 12% expressed wish to die. Suicide ideation, planning, and attempts were reported by almost 7%, 2%, and 3% of participants respectively. Prior drugs users thought about death significantly more than their counterparts while suicide ideation was significantly lower among prisoners with higher education. Conclusion Mental health problems and suicidal expressions among young prisoners warrant well-planned mental health services that are integrated into the current prison health system. A contextualised intervention that takes into account age, education, duration of incarceration and previous drug use may contribute to improve the mental well-being of young prisoners in Cambodia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puthy Pat
- Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (Caritas-CCAMH), Cambodia.,Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Kerstin Edin
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fite PJ, Williford A, Griffith RL, Parker K. Peer Victimization Among Detained Youth: The Impact of Callous-Unemotional Traits. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-020-09593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
23
|
Palines PA, Rabbitt AL, Pan AY, Nugent ML, Ehrman WG. Comparing mental health disorders among sex trafficked children and three groups of youth at high-risk for trafficking: A dual retrospective cohort and scoping review. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 100:104196. [PMID: 31575432 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals at high-risk for trafficking are often subject to preexisting complex trauma that only intensifies during the trafficking experience. This greatly increases their risk of mental illness, although the actual prevalence of mental health disorders in children who are sex trafficked remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence of mental health diagnoses among a sample of youth identified as being sex trafficked, and to discuss these rates in relation to other high-risk groups reported in the literature. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 143 female and male child trafficking victims in Wisconsin. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed individual medical records, identifying mental health diagnoses and behaviors. The results were compared to summarized prevalence data for mental health disorders in sex trafficked, runaway children, juvenile offenders, and foster care children identified via a scoping review. RESULTS We observed significantly higher rates of ADHD (52.4%, p < 0.0001), bipolar disorder (26.6%, p < 0.0001), and PTSD (19.6%, p < 0.05 to p < 0.0001) in our sample of trafficked youth compared to all high-risk groups, as well as for depression (45.5%), anxiety (19.6%), conduct disorder (19.6%), ODD (25.9%), and psychosis (14.0%) relative to multiple groups individually. CONCLUSIONS The complex trauma suffered by child survivors of sex trafficking can impart numerous effects with overlapping symptomatology of many mental health disorders. Survivors' adaptive responses to complex trauma may lead to improper diagnosis and treatment of mental health disorders at the expense of prompt access to trauma-focused therapies. Alternative diagnoses and treatments of this complex dysfunction are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Palines
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53213, USA
| | - Angela L Rabbitt
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53213, USA.
| | - Amy Y Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53213, USA
| | - Melodee L Nugent
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53213, USA
| | - Wendi G Ehrman
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Preliminary Validation of the Parental Help-Seeking Stage of Change Measure for Child Behavior Problems. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-019-09525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
25
|
Yonek JC, Dauria EF, Kemp K, Koinis-Mitchell D, Marshall BDL, Tolou-Shams M. Factors Associated With Use of Mental Health and Substance Use Treatment Services by Justice-Involved Youths. Psychiatr Serv 2019; 70:586-595. [PMID: 31138054 PMCID: PMC6713457 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201800322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonincarcerated (community-supervised) youths who are first-time offenders have high rates of mental and substance use disorders. However, little is known about their use of psychiatric services (mental health and substance use) or factors associated with service use. This study examined the prevalence, determinants, and barriers to service use among community-supervised youths. METHODS Data were from a longitudinal study of mental health and substance use outcomes among adolescents ages 12-18 from a northeastern family court in which caregivers and youths completed assessments (N=423 dyads). The Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition, assessed youths' psychiatric symptoms. The Child and Adolescent Services Assessment assessed service use and barriers. Family functioning and caregiver-adolescent communication were assessed with the McMaster Family Assessment Device and the Parent-Adolescent General Communication Scale, respectively. Multivariable regression analyses examined the cross-sectional relationship between youths' service use and determinants of use at baseline. RESULTS Of the 423 youths, 49% experienced psychiatric symptoms and 36% used psychiatric services in the past 4 months. The highest adjusted odds of service use were associated with youths' psychiatric symptoms and caregivers' history of a psychiatric diagnosis. The lowest odds were associated with caregivers' identifying as being from racial and ethnic minority groups. Caregiver-reported barriers to service use differed according to prior service use and by caregiver race-ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest a need for interventions to increase access to and engagement in psychiatric services for community-supervised youths and the importance of caregiver factors in designing such interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliet C Yonek
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, and Division of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychiatry, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco (Yonek, Dauria, Tolou-Shams); Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (Kemp, Koinis-Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School (Kemp) and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Marshall), Brown University, Providence
| | - Emily F Dauria
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, and Division of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychiatry, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco (Yonek, Dauria, Tolou-Shams); Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (Kemp, Koinis-Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School (Kemp) and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Marshall), Brown University, Providence
| | - Kathleen Kemp
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, and Division of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychiatry, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco (Yonek, Dauria, Tolou-Shams); Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (Kemp, Koinis-Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School (Kemp) and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Marshall), Brown University, Providence
| | - Daphne Koinis-Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, and Division of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychiatry, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco (Yonek, Dauria, Tolou-Shams); Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (Kemp, Koinis-Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School (Kemp) and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Marshall), Brown University, Providence
| | - Brandon D L Marshall
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, and Division of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychiatry, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco (Yonek, Dauria, Tolou-Shams); Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (Kemp, Koinis-Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School (Kemp) and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Marshall), Brown University, Providence
| | - Marina Tolou-Shams
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, and Division of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychiatry, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco (Yonek, Dauria, Tolou-Shams); Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (Kemp, Koinis-Mitchell); Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School (Kemp) and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Marshall), Brown University, Providence
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Justice-involved youth are at exceedingly high risk of trauma exposure, multisystem involvement, and mental health distress, including depression. Justice-involved youth carry with them both a high symptom burden and a high cost to society. Both could be reduced through evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies. Effective treatment of mental disorders may reduce future justice involvement, whereas lack of treatment increases likelihood of justice involvement into adulthood. Multiple effective programs exist to improve the lives of justice-involved youth and subsequently decrease the cost to society of detaining and adjudicating these youth within the juvenile justice system.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kumm S, Maggin D, Brown C, Talbott E. A Meta-Analytic Review of Mental Health Interventions Targeting Youth with Internalizing Disorders in Juvenile Justice Facilities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/0886571x.2018.1560716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Skip Kumm
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Special Education, Chicago, USA
| | - Daniel Maggin
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Special Education, Chicago, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Johnston OG, Burke JD. Parental Problem Recognition and Help-Seeking for Disruptive Behavior Disorders. J Behav Health Serv Res 2019; 47:146-163. [DOI: 10.1007/s11414-018-09648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
29
|
Parker MM, Cade R. Using Sand Tray Therapy With Juveniles in Correctional Settings. JOURNAL OF ADDICTIONS & OFFENDER COUNSELING 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jaoc.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Morganfield Parker
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, Mississippi College
- Department of Counseling and Human DevelopmentGeorge Washington University
| | - Rochelle Cade
- Graduate Counseling DepartmentUniversity of Mary Hardin–Baylor
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wojciechowski TW. The development of anxiety symptomatology among juvenile offenders: the roles of maternal substance abuse and unemployment. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2018; 30:131-148. [DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2018.1514610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Wojciechowski
- Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Barker ED, Walton E, Cecil CA, Rowe R, Jaffee SR, Maughan B, O'Connor TG, Stringaris A, Meehan AJ, McArdle W, Relton CL, Gaunt TR. A Methylome-Wide Association Study of Trajectories of Oppositional Defiant Behaviors and Biological Overlap With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Child Dev 2018; 89:1839-1855. [PMID: 28929496 PMCID: PMC6207925 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In 671 mother-child (49% male) pairs from an epidemiological birth cohort, we investigated (a) prospective associations between DNA methylation (at birth) and trajectories (ages 7-13) of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and the ODD subdimensions of irritable and headstrong; (b) common biological pathways, indexed by DNA methylation, between ODD trajectories and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); (c) genetic influence on DNA methylation; and (d) prenatal risk exposure associations. Methylome-wide significant associations were identified for the ODD and headstrong, but not for irritable. Overlap analysis indicated biological correlates between ODD, headstrong, and ADHD. DNA methylation in ODD and headstrong was (to a degree) genetically influenced. DNA methylation associated with prenatal risk exposures of maternal anxiety (headstrong) and cigarette smoking (ODD and headstrong).
Collapse
|
32
|
Brown LK, Tarantino N, Tolou-Shams M, Esposito-Smythers C, Healy MG, Craker L. Mental Health Symptoms and Parenting Stress of Parents of Court-Involved Youth. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2018; 27:843-852. [PMID: 29805245 PMCID: PMC5966279 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-017-0923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Youth involved in the juvenile justice system are at risk for emotional and behavioral problems. However, research with court-involved adolescents has neglected to examine the mental health of their parents, who may also have significant personal and parenting stress. This sample consisted of 144 parent-adolescent dyads. Adolescents (aged 11 to 17 years) identified by court officials were referred to the study to receive mental health treatment. Parents and adolescents completed surveys about their mental health diagnoses, treatment, and family relationships. Using the clinical cut-off for the global severity index of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to examine group differences between parents with and without significant mental health symptoms. Results indicated that 35% of parents endorsed clinically significant mental health symptoms. Parents with clinically significant symptoms, compared to those without, reported significantly greater parenting stress (p < .05), and were more likely to have received prior mental health treatment (54% vs. 25%; p < .05) and a psychiatric diagnosis (52% vs. 19%; p < .05). Our findings revealed that more than one in three parents of court-involved adolescents are currently experiencing significant mental health symptoms. Improved mental health screening and intervention that incorporates the unique needs of families is recommended, including the possible use of family-based approaches as well as individualized treatment for the parents of court-involved youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lacey Craker
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Holzer KJ, Oh S, Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG, Landess J. Gender differences in the trends and correlates of major depressive episodes among juvenile offenders in the United States. Compr Psychiatry 2018; 80:72-80. [PMID: 29065310 PMCID: PMC5714672 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although it is well-established that juvenile offenders are at an elevated risk for depression and that, within this group, females have the highest risk, little is known regarding the trends in the prevalence of depression among juvenile offenders in the United States. In the present study, we systematically examine secular trends in major depressive episodes (MDE) and their correlates among male and female juvenile offenders and non-offenders in the United States. METHODS Data were collected between 2005 and 2014 as part of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The NSDUH uses multistage area probability sampling methods to select a representative sample of the civilian, non-institutionalized population in the United States. Participants included 171,118 youth aged 12-17 (159,449 non-offenders and 11,669 offenders). The primary variable of interest was self-reported past year MDE. Logistic regression assessed whether sociodemographic factors and psychosocial and behavioral correlates affected the risk of MDE. RESULTS Between 2005 and 2014, the prevalence of MDE among female youth increased for both offender and non-offender groups: from 24.4% to 33.0% for the offenders and from 12.4% to 16.7% for the non-offenders. No significant trend changes were observed among male youth. In both male and female juvenile offenders, MDEs were associated with increased risk of illicit drug use (males OR=1.61, 95% CI=1.18-2.18; females OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.45-2.31). Additional correlates include alcohol use among male offenders (OR=1.36, 95% CI=1.01-1.83), and binge drinking in female offenders (OR=1.24, 95% CI=1.02-1.49). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of past year major depressive episodes is increasing for female juvenile offenders, highlighting a need for improved efforts to target these populations for prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Holzer
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Sehun Oh
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | | | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jacqueline Landess
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Young S, Greer B, Church R. Juvenile delinquency, welfare, justice and therapeutic interventions: a global perspective. BJPsych Bull 2017; 41:21-29. [PMID: 28184313 PMCID: PMC5288089 DOI: 10.1192/pb.bp.115.052274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review considers juvenile delinquency and justice from an international perspective. Youth crime is a growing concern. Many young offenders are also victims with complex needs, leading to a public health approach that requires a balance of welfare and justice models. However, around the world there are variable and inadequate legal frameworks and a lack of a specialist workforce. The UK and other high-income countries worldwide have established forensic child and adolescent psychiatry, a multifaceted discipline incorporating legal, psychiatric and developmental fields. Its adoption of an evidence-based therapeutic intervention philosophy has been associated with greater reductions in recidivism compared with punitive approaches prevalent in some countries worldwide, and it is therefore a superior approach to dealing with the problem of juvenile delinquency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Young
- Imperial College London, London, UK
- Broadmoor Hospital, Crowthorne, UK
| | | | - Richard Church
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rijo D, Brazão N, Barroso R, da Silva DR, Vagos P, Vieira A, Lavado A, Macedo AM. Mental health problems in male young offenders in custodial versus community based-programs: implications for juvenile justice interventions. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2016; 10:40. [PMID: 27822300 PMCID: PMC5088680 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-016-0131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young offenders are known to be a population with high prevalence of mental health disorders. In most cases, these disorders are neither identified nor treated properly, with the majority of them being chronic and difficult to treat. In many countries, the prevalence rates of psychopathology in male young offenders are still unknown and no psychotherapeutic interventions are delivered. Therefore, the main goal of the present study was to assess mental health problems in Portuguese male young offenders placed in either custodial or community-based programs and discuss treatment implications within the juvenile justice interventions. METHODS Participants in this study included 217 male young offenders aged between 14 and 20 years old that were randomly selected using a random number table. From the total sample, 122 (56.3 %) participants were placed in juvenile detention facilities, and 95 (43.7 %) were receiving community-based programs. Participants were interviewed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents, a structured interview that assesses DSM-IV Axis I Mental Disorders. Participants aged 18 years or older were also assessed with the antisocial personality disorder section from the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders. RESULTS Results showed a high prevalence of mental health disorders, with a global prevalence of 91.2 % in the total sample. In both groups, global prevalence rates were equally high (93.4 % in youth in custodial versus 88.4 % in youth in community-based programs). Substance-related disorders were more prevalent in youth placed in juvenile facilities, whereas anxiety and mood disorders were more often found in the community-based group. Moreover, oppositional defiant disorder was more prevalent in youth from the community, whereas antisocial personality disorder and conduct disorder were less prevalent than expected in this same group. A high comorbidity rate was also found, with the majority of participants from both groups' fulfilling criteria for two or more disorders. Additionally, participants with conduct disorder were over four times more likely to fulfill criteria for substance abuse. CONCLUSIONS Our findings inform about specific needs concerning mental health intervention that should be taken into account when deciding and planning rehabilitation programs for male young offenders, either from custodial or community-based programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rijo
- Research Unit of the Cognitive-Behavioral Research and Intervention Center, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3001-802 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nélio Brazão
- Research Unit of the Cognitive-Behavioral Research and Intervention Center, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3001-802 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Barroso
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Ribeiro da Silva
- Research Unit of the Cognitive-Behavioral Research and Intervention Center, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3001-802 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Vagos
- Research Unit of the Cognitive-Behavioral Research and Intervention Center, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3001-802 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Vieira
- General Directorship of Social Reinsertion and Prison Services of the Portuguese Ministry of Justice, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Lavado
- General Directorship of Social Reinsertion and Prison Services of the Portuguese Ministry of Justice, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Macedo
- General Directorship of Social Reinsertion and Prison Services of the Portuguese Ministry of Justice, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|