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DuPaul GJ, Evans SW, Cleminshaw-Mahan CL, Fu Q. School-Based Intervention for Adolescents With ADHD: Predictors of Effects on Academic, Behavioral, and Social Functioning. Behav Ther 2024; 55:680-697. [PMID: 38937043 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience significant academic, behavioral, and social skill difficulties including underachievement, risk for school dropout, poor peer relations, and emotion dysregulation. Although stimulant medication reduces ADHD symptoms, psychosocial and educational interventions are necessary to address functional impairments. We examined the nature and predictors of academic, behavioral, and social skills trajectories in response to multicomponent organizational and interpersonal skills training in 92 high school students with ADHD. Latent trajectory class analyses revealed positive treatment response ranging from 61.5% (report card grades) to 100% (inattention symptoms, organizational skills, social skills). Organizational skill and academic grade treatment response trajectories were predicted by assigned sex, pretreatment anxiety, and treatment dosage, while improvement in behavioral and social functioning was associated with better emotion regulation and family relations prior to treatment along with stronger working alliance with treatment coach at midtreatment. Multicomponent organizational and interpersonal skills training appears effective for most high school students with ADHD and the degree treatment-induced change is associated with multiple malleable factors can be leveraged to enhance intervention response.
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David OA, Tomoiagă C, Fodor LA. Gamified Assessment of the Emotion Regulation Abilities in Youth: Validation of the REThink Online System. Games Health J 2024; 13:184-191. [PMID: 38265781 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2023.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Emotional problems in the youth population are a major issue that can have a significant negative impact for their future development as adults. Their emotion regulation (ER) abilities represent a preventive measure for those emotional problems. REThink is an online therapeutic game that was proved to be effective in rigorous studies, and is based on the rational emotive behavioral therapy, with seven levels built to train various emotional regulation skills. Each level has a section that can be used for the assessment of the targeted skills within the level. The present study aimed at investigating the reliability and validity of the evaluation modules from the REThink game regarding the assessment of ER abilities in children/adolescents. Methods: In accordance with established guidelines, 110 children and adolescents aged 8-14 years old were recruited. Following parental informed consent, the participants filled out the standard questionnaires and, subsequently, they played the evaluation module of the REThink game. The reliability aspect was investigated by evaluating internal consistency, while validity was evaluated by using concurrent and predictive validity analyses. Results: The results revealed statistically significant positive associations between the game scores obtained by the participants and the emotion regulation scale. In terms of predictive validity, there were significant negative associations between game scores and the presence of emotional and behavioral problems. Moreover, in terms of the reliability of the REThink game, an acceptable value for the internal consistency was observed. Conclusion: In conclusion, the REThink therapeutic game was proved to be a valid measure for assessing emotion regulation abilities in children and adolescents. Clinical Trial Registration No. NCT04788901.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana A David
- DATA Lab, International Institute for Advanced Studies in Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Tomoiagă
- DATA Lab, International Institute for Advanced Studies in Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Evidence Based Psychological Assessment and Interventions Doctoral School, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liviu A Fodor
- DATA Lab, International Institute for Advanced Studies in Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Evidence Based Psychological Assessment and Interventions Doctoral School, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Evans SW, DuPaul GJ, Benson K, Owens JS, Fu Q, Cleminshaw C, Kipperman K, Margherio S. Social Functioning Outcomes of a High School-Based Treatment Program for Adolescents with ADHD. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2024; 53:413-428. [PMID: 37494306 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2023.2235693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the extent to which receiving the multi-component treatment of the Challenging Horizons Program (CHP) would lead to significant improvements in social functioning, as well as in inattention, internalizing symptoms, parent stress, and emotion dysregulation for high-school-aged adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD Participants were 186 high-school-aged adolescents (74% White) with a diagnosis of ADHD who were randomly assigned to either CHP (n = 92; 80% boys; M age = 15.0; SD = 0.8) or Community Care (CC; n = 94; 78% boys; M age = 15.1; SD = 0.9) within each of 12 participating schools. Parent and adolescent reports of social functioning were the primary outcome measures. Secondary outcomes included ratings of symptoms of ADHD and related disorders, parent stress, and emotion regulation. RESULTS Intent-to-treat analyses using hierarchical linear modeling revealed significant group-by-time interactions of medium magnitude (d range = .40 to .52) on parent-rated social skills. Significant group-by-time benefits were also identified for adolescent self-rated social skills as well as the secondary outcomes of parent-rated inattention symptoms, emotion regulation, and parenting stress. DISCUSSION CHP appears to benefit social skills along with related characteristics for adolescents with ADHD. Understanding these unique findings for this population informs additional research related to treatment mechanisms and effectiveness trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George J DuPaul
- Department of Education and Human Services, Lehigh University
| | | | | | - Qiong Fu
- Department of Education and Human Services, Lehigh University
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Maruyama JM, Tovo-Rodrigues L, Santos IS, Murray J, Matijasevich A. Adolescent Mental Health Before and During COVID-19: Longitudinal Evidence From the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort in Brazil. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:729-738. [PMID: 38310505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is great interest in examining the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent mental health, but most studies were conducted in high-income countries. The identification of overall effects and protective factors is essential to understand the determinants of mental wellbeing in contexts of stress. We aimed to study changes in adolescent mental health during the pandemic and the risk and protective factors associated with these changes in a Brazilian birth cohort. METHODS One thousand nine hundred forty nine adolescents from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort were assessed prepandemic (T1, November 2019 to March 2020, mean age 15.69 years) and mid-pandemic (T2, August to December 2021, mean age 17.41 years). Mental health was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Prepandemic and pandemic-related predictors were examined as predictors of change in multivariate latent change scores models. RESULTS There was a mean increase in adolescent total mental health difficulties (M = 1.071, p < .001), hyperactivity/inattention (M = 0.208, p < .001), emotion symptoms (M = 0.409, p < .001), and peer problems (M = 0.434, p < .001) during the pandemic. This increase was associated with several negative family context variables, including harsh parenting and maternal depressive symptoms at T2. Higher emotion regulation levels protected against increases in adolescent mental health difficulties related to the COVID-19 pandemic. DISCUSSION Family-context variables emerged as important risk factors for the deterioration of adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions promoting emotion regulation strategies are a promising approach to protecting adolescent wellbeing in periods of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mayumi Maruyama
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Iná S Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Joseph Murray
- Human Development and Violence Research Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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McCullen JR, Mirabile SP, Wuertz SM, Scott BG. Development and adaptation of the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire for adolescents. J Adolesc 2024; 96:632-644. [PMID: 38143327 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ability to effectively regulate one's emotions is important for adolescent mental health. However, extant assessments of how adolescents regulate their emotions can be expanded upon in several ways, including incorporating more strategies (e.g., cultural and spiritual) and positive emotions, and being informed by adolescents and expert consultation during the development process. Thus, our study aimed to improve the construct validity of an emotion regulation measure by adapting and refining the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire (ERSQ) into an adolescent self-report. METHODS We recruited 24 13-17-year-olds (12 males; 11 females; 1 gender fluid) via social media advertisement in the United States in 2020. We used an iterative qualitative approach in which we combined expert consultation, cognitive interviewing with adolescents, and top-down and bottom-up coding to review and provide feedback on the ERSQ. RESULTS Findings of thematic analysis showed that a need for clarity in wording and inclusion of strategy examples across all sections of the ERSQ was needed. Adolescents also identified the need to replace the Silly/Excited section with a more age-appropriate positive emotion section. CONCLUSION Findings indicate cognitive interviewing can be successfully completed in a virtual format when necessary, youth utilize a wider range of strategies to maintain or upregulate positive emotions than what is represented in current measures, and use of qualitative methods may have reduced construct underrepresentation and construct-irrelevant variance in the adapted ERSQ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott P Mirabile
- Department of Psychology, St. Mary's College of Maryland, St Mary's City, Maryland, USA
| | - Shelby M Wuertz
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Brandon G Scott
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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Cécillon FX, Mermillod M, Leys C, Lachaux JP, Le Vigouroux S, Shankland R. Trait Anxiety, Emotion Regulation, and Metacognitive Beliefs: An Observational Study Incorporating Separate Network and Correlation Analyses to Examine Associations with Executive Functions and Academic Achievement. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:123. [PMID: 38255435 PMCID: PMC10814468 DOI: 10.3390/children11010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Trait anxiety, emotion regulation strategies, and metacognitive beliefs influence executive functions (EFs) and academic achievement. This study examines their interplay and impact on academic success. In total, 275 adolescents (10-17 years) and parents completed an online questionnaire assessing trait anxiety, emotion regulation strategies, metacognition, parent-reported behaviors related to executive functioning, and overall school average. Preliminary analyses confirmed consistency with the existing literature for each variable and their interaction. Furthermore, we conducted a network analysis among the main variables. This analysis supports the need to pay more attention to reflective variables-maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and metacognitive beliefs about worry-when studying trait anxiety. These variables were linked to problematic executive functioning in adolescents, and the latter was negatively linked to academic achievement. This study offers innovative insights by investigating relationships less explored in the scientific literature. It reveals high and significant correlations between metacognitive beliefs, maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, and trait anxiety (r > 0.500, p < 0.001) but also between these variables and both executive functioning and academic achievement. These findings offer new perspectives for research and underscore the importance of holistically examining the psychological factors related to academic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Cécillon
- Laboratoire Développement Individu Processus Handicap Education, Université Lumière Lyon 2, 5, Avenue Pierre Mendès-France, 69676 Bron, Cedex, France;
| | - Martial Mermillod
- Laboratoire Psychologie et NeuroCognition, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Christophe Leys
- Faculté de Psychologie, Sciences de l’Education et Logopédie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt, 50—CP191, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;
| | - Jean-Philippe Lachaux
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Bâtiment 452—95 Bd Pinel, 69500 Bron, France;
| | | | - Rebecca Shankland
- Laboratoire Développement Individu Processus Handicap Education, Université Lumière Lyon 2, 5, Avenue Pierre Mendès-France, 69676 Bron, Cedex, France;
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
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Fortunato A, Quintigliano M, Carone N, De Simone S, Lingiardi V, Speranza AM. Parenting, dyadic coping, and child emotion regulation in lesbian, gay, and heterosexual parent families through assisted reproduction. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2023:1-17. [PMID: 38018089 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2023.2287678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study examined the associations between family structure, parenting, and dyadic coping and children's emotion regulation in lesbian, gay, and heterosexual parent families through assisted reproduction. It also explored differences in parenting dimensions and dyadic coping, based on parents' sexual orientation. METHODS Participants were 60 lesbian mothers through donor insemination, 50 gay fathers through surrogacy, and 42 heterosexual parents through gamete donation, all with a child aged 6-12 years (M = 8.67; SD = 2.16; 48.68% females) and residing in Italy. In each family, both parents reported parenting stress, parent - child relational self-efficacy, parental control, dyadic coping, and their perception of the child's emotion regulation. RESULTS Mixed models indicated no significant differences between family types in parenting stress and use of a controlling parenting style. However, lesbian mothers reported higher parent - child relational self-efficacy than heterosexual parents, and higher dyadic coping strategies than gay fathers. Also, children of gay fathers showed greater emotion regulation than children of heterosexual parents. Across family types, higher levels of parenting stress and dyadic coping, and lower levels of parent - child relational self-efficacy were associated with lower child emotion regulation. CONCLUSION Given that in middle childhood, across family types, better emotional regulation was associated with lower parenting stress and dyadic coping, and greater effectiveness in the parent - child relationship clinical work should focus on the parent's and couple's ability to cooperatively manage stressors while maintaining a balanced focus on their children's resources and autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro Fortunato
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies of the "Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Quintigliano
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies of the "Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Carone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia De Simone
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lingiardi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies of the "Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Speranza
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies of the "Sapienza", University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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David OA, Fodor LA. Are gains in emotional symptoms and emotion-regulation competencies after the REThink therapeutic game maintained in the long run? A 6-month follow-up. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:1853-1862. [PMID: 35593966 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Emotional disorders are the most prevalent mental health conditions affecting children and adolescents. Thus, it becomes essential to develop and test early intervention strategies that are accessible, attractive, and can effectively improve their emotional functioning. A randomized control trial compared the prevention effects of the REThink therapeutic game to those of a standard face-to-face prevention program, and a waitlist which was transformed at follow-up into care as usual. Out of 142 healthy children and adolescents who completed the intervention stage, 137 (mean age: 12.84, SD: 1.97) completed a follow-up assessment measuring emotional symptoms, depressive mood and emotion regulation. We also tested potential moderators of its long-term effects, such as parental psychological control, parent attachment and childhood trauma. Our results highlighted the fact that the REThink intervention had a durable impact on the children's mental health and their ability to regulate their emotions. Moreover, we found that trauma, parent psychological control and parent attachment moderated the maintenance of the improvements. Future research needs to further document how to personalize the game and prevention program components to better address the characteristics of the youths at risk for mental health problems. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03308981, from 13.10.2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana A David
- DATA Lab, International Institute for Advanced Studies in Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, No. 37, Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Liviu A Fodor
- DATA Lab, International Institute for Advanced Studies in Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Evidence Based Psychological Assessment and Interventions Doctoral School, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Maruyama JM, Valente JY, Tovo-Rodrigues L, Santos IS, Barros AJD, Munhoz TN, Barros FC, Murray J, Matijasevich A. Maternal depression trajectories in childhood, subsequent maltreatment, and adolescent emotion regulation and self-esteem: the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:1935-1945. [PMID: 35731302 PMCID: PMC9214189 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the impact of maternal depressive symptoms trajectories on 15-year-old adolescents' self-esteem and emotion regulation and test the mediating role of child maltreatment in this association. The 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort is an ongoing cohort study originally comprised of 4231 live births in a southern Brazilian city. We examined a subsample of 1949 adolescents at age 15 years. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Trajectories of maternal depression from 3 months until the 11-year follow-up were calculated using a group-based modeling approach. Child maltreatment at age 11 years was measured using the parent-report version of the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale. Adolescent outcomes at age 15 years were assessed by the self-report version of the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and the Emotion Regulation Index for Children and Adolescents. Path model analysis was conducted using a structural equation modeling framework in Mplus software. All maternal depression trajectories were negatively associated with offspring self-esteem and emotion regulation compared to the reference group (low depression trajectory). There was a significant indirect effect of maternal depression trajectories on emotion regulation mediated via child maltreatment. No evidence of moderation by sex was found for any pathway. The effects of maternal depression on adolescents' emotion regulation are partly mediated by child maltreatment at age 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mayumi Maruyama
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2nd Floor, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Y Valente
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Iná S Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aluísio J D Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Tiago N Munhoz
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Faculty of Psychology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Joseph Murray
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Human Development and Violence Research Centre, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, 2nd Floor, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Iuga IA, David OA, Danet M. Student Burnout in Children and Adolescents: The Role of Attachment and Emotion Regulation. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1443. [PMID: 37761404 PMCID: PMC10527975 DOI: 10.3390/children10091443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to explain the factors contributing to the development of student burnout, a construct that has received attention in relation to academic outcomes, including burnout, is emotion regulation. Further, attachment theory has been used to explore the variations in the use of particular emotion regulation strategies, and attachment has received support as a contributing factor. The aim of the study is to explore the role of attachment security and emotion regulation strategies associated with student burnout symptoms in a sample of 602 Romanian children and adolescents (55% female) aged 8-16 (M = 10.45) from 18 schools. A secondary objective was to explore the gender differences in burnout symptoms. The results show that attachment security negatively predicts student burnout symptoms. Further, a higher attachment security positively predicts the use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies, which, in turn, are negatively related to student burnout. Emotion regulation strategies mediate the relationship between attachment and burnout symptoms. No gender differences have been identified. The study has practical implications for both parents and specialists, bringing to attention the importance of secure attachment in children, which could further encourage the use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Alexandra Iuga
- Evidence-Based Psychological Assessment and Interventions Doctoral School, Babeş-Bolyai University, No. 37 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- DATA Lab, The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babes-Bolyai University, No. 37 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Alexandra David
- DATA Lab, The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babes-Bolyai University, No. 37 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, No. 37 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marie Danet
- Department of Psychology, University of Lille, No. 42 Paul Duez Street, 59000 Lille, France;
- University of Lille, ULR 4072—PSITEC—Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognitions, 59000 Lille, France
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Freitag GF, Grassie HL, Jeong A, Mallidi A, Comer JS, Ehrenreich-May J, Brotman MA. Systematic Review: Questionnaire-Based Measurement of Emotion Dysregulation in Children and Adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:728-763. [PMID: 36529182 PMCID: PMC10267293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotion dysregulation, understood as a critical transdiagnostic factor in the etiology and maintenance of psychopathology, is among the most common reasons youth are referred for psychiatric care. The present systematic review examined 2 decades of questionnaires used to assess emotion (dys)regulation in youth. METHOD Using "emotion (dys)regulation," PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for empirical, peer-reviewed journal studies published before May 2021 in clinical and/or nonclinical youth. A total of 510 studies met selection criteria and were included. RESULTS Across the literature, 115 distinct self-, parent-, or other informant-reported measures of emotion (dys)regulation were used in cross-sectional (67.1%), longitudinal (22.4%), intervention (9.0%), and mixed design (1.6%) studies. Out of 115 different questionnaires, a subset of 5 measures of emotion (dys)regulation were used in most of the literature (ie, 59.6% of studies). Moreover, reviewed studies examined emotion (dys)regulation in more than 20 distinct clinical groups, further supporting emotion dysregulation as a transdiagnostic construct. CONCLUSION Numerous themes emerged. Broadly, measures differed in their ability to capture internal vs external components of emotion dysregulation, the use of adaptive vs maladaptive responses, and subjective experiences more broadly vs particular affective states. These findings serve to guide researchers and clinicians in selecting appropriate measurement tools for assessing specific domains of child and adolescent emotion dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annie Jeong
- National Institutes of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ajitha Mallidi
- National Institutes of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Melissa A Brotman
- National Institutes of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland
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David OA, Fodor LA. Preventing mental illness in children that experienced maltreatment the efficacy of REThink online therapeutic game. NPJ Digit Med 2023; 6:106. [PMID: 37277525 PMCID: PMC10240463 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-023-00849-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to child maltreatment (CM) is considered to predispose children to devastating consequences in terms of mental health. Thus, it is a public health priority to provide these children with early preventive interventions that are accessible on a large scale, adapted to their needs, and effective in supporting their mental health. Here we report a randomized control trial to test the efficacy of the REThink online therapeutic game, as compared with a Care as Usual (CAU) control group in the prevention of mental illness in maltreated children. Out of 439 children aged 8-12 that were recruited, 294 children with self-reported maltreatment histories were included in the current study, and were allocated, 146 participants in the REThink group and 148 participants in the CAU group. All children completed pre- and post-intervention assessments measuring mental health, emotion regulation, and irrational cognitions. We also tested potential moderators for these effects, such as the severity of CM and the security of parent attachment. Our results show that children receiving the REThink game intervention outperform the CAU group at post-test, showing a significantly lower level of emotional problems, mental health difficulties, use of maladaptive emotion-regulation strategies such as catastrophizing, rumination, and self-blame, and irrational cognitions. Moreover, children with higher CM severity benefit the most from the REThink game, while children with lower parent attachment security benefit the least. Future research is needed, to investigate the long-term efficacy of the REThink game in promoting the mental health of children exposed to CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana A David
- DATA Lab, International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Liviu A Fodor
- DATA Lab, International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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13
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Haag AC, Cha CB, Noll JG, Gee DG, Shenk CE, Schreier HMC, Heim CM, Shalev I, Rose EJ, Jorgensen A, Bonanno GA. The Flexible Regulation of Emotional Expression Scale for Youth (FREE-Y): Adaptation and Validation Across a Varied Sample of Children and Adolescents. Assessment 2023; 30:1265-1284. [PMID: 35510578 PMCID: PMC9636062 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221090465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flexible self-regulation has been shown to be an adaptive ability. This study adapted and validated the adult Flexible Regulation of Emotional Expression (FREE) Scale for use with youth (FREE-Y) in community and maltreatment samples. The FREE-Y measures the ability to flexibly enhance and suppress emotion expression across an array of hypothetical social scenarios. Participants (N = 654, 8-19 years) were included from three studies. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed a theoretically appropriate higher order factor structure. Using multiple-group CFAs, measurement invariance was achieved across maltreatment status, age, and gender. Reliabilities were adequate and construct validity was demonstrated through associations with measures of emotion regulation, psychopathology, IQ, and executive functioning. Group comparisons indicated lower Suppression and Flexibility scores for maltreated versus comparison participants. Findings suggest that the FREE-Y is a valid measure of expressive regulation ability in youth that can be applied across a range of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennie G. Noll
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Chad E. Shenk
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
- The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | | | - Christine M. Heim
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Idan Shalev
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Emma J. Rose
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
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14
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Mo X, Shi G, Zhang Y, Xu X, Ji C. How to promote the social-emotional competence of rural left-behind children? An empirical study based on propensity score matching. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1052693. [PMID: 36935996 PMCID: PMC10020643 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1052693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Social-emotional competence (SEC) played an important role in promoting the physical and mental development of children, but there exist huge gaps in SEC development between rural left-behind children. This study used propensity score matching (PSM) to investigate 578 rural children about the effects of being left behind as well as individual characteristics and teacher support on their development of SEC. The results showed that being left behind had significant negative effects on the SEC of rural children. The development of SEC varies among left-behind children of different genders and length of left-behind duration. Teacher support had a significant moderating effect on the influence path of SEC, which could effectively mitigate the negative effects of left-behind children. Therefore, this study played an implicative role in studying the development of left-behind children's SEC. The government and society should provide adequate cultural capital by completing the support system for compensating the lack of cultural capital. Schools and teachers should pay more attention to the development of left-behind children's SEC through curriculum development and performance evaluation to create a positive atmosphere. Parents should promote SEC development for left-behind children by improving their communication and family parenting styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Mo
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaojun Shi
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengjun Ji
- China Educational Modernization Institute, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Shashwati S, Konantambigi RM. Beyond the ‘Self’ in Self-regulation of Emotions in Children: Role of Parental Expressiveness. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-022-00678-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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16
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Ng ZJ, Willner CJ, Mannweiler MD, Hoffmann JD, Bailey CS, Cipriano C. A Systematic Review of Emotion Regulation Assessments in US Schools: Bridging the Gap Between Researchers and Educators. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10648-022-09691-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Mazefsky CA, Conner CM, Breitenfeldt K, Leezenbaum N, Chen Q, Bylsma LM, Pilkonis P. Evidence Base Update for Questionnaires of Emotion Regulation and Reactivity for Children and Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 50:683-707. [PMID: 34436940 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2021.1955372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Emotion regulation (ER) is a multi-faceted and dynamic process relevant to both normative emotional development and transdiagnostic emotional dysfunction for a range of psychological disorders. There has been tremendous growth in ER research over the past decade, including the development of numerous new measures to assess ER. This Evidence Base Update included a systematic review to identify self- and informant-report questionnaire measures of ER for children and adolescents, including measures of ER strategies and effectiveness (or emotion dysregulation).Methods: PubMed, PsycInfo, and Health and Psychosocial Instruments databases were searched using the terms emotion OR affect AND regulation OR control OR reactivity OR response, as well as terms related to questionnaires and psychometrics, restricted to articles on youth (< 18 years old). Each measure's psychometrics was evaluated based on modified criteria by De Los Reyes and Langer (2018).Results: Nine-hundred ninety-seven papers were identified yielding 87 measures that met inclusion for review. Although the majority (60%) of identified ER measures could not be recommended based on these criteria, 8% were Excellent, 14% were Good, and 17% were Adequate. The recommended measures included: 11 general ER measures (5 focused on strategies, 5 focused on dysregulation/ effectiveness), 13 measures of ER as it relates to specific emotions or contexts such as irritability or peer stress (4 focused on strategies, 9 focused on dysregulation/effectiveness), and 11 measures of other constructs that include an ER subscale (all focused on dysregulation). Conclusions: The characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses of the recommended ER measures are described in order to guide measure selection for clinical or research uses. A synthesis of themes identified during this review includes commonly observed areas of weakness and gaps in the literature to provide a foundation for future research and measure development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla A Mazefsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Caitlin M Conner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | | | - Nina Leezenbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Lauren M Bylsma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Paul Pilkonis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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18
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Assembling a cohort for in-depth, longitudinal assessments of the biological embedding of child maltreatment: Methods, complexities, and lessons learned. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 33:394-408. [PMID: 33955343 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420001510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As championed by the work of Ed Zigler, investing in nurturing environments for all children is a chief tenet of primary prevention that will have far-reaching benefits to the health and welfare of all members of society. Children who endure child maltreatment (CM) are among society's most vulnerable. Prospective longitudinal research aimed at a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms linking CM to subsequent adverse health consequences is needed to improve outcomes and to strengthen causal inference. This paper outlines the methods of the Child Health Study (CHS), a large, state-wide longitudinal cohort of recently maltreated and nonmaltreated youth aged 8-13 who will be assessed every 2 years. The CHS is designed to include in-depth assessments of multiple environmental, behavioral, neural, physiological, and molecular mechanisms through which CM may impact a broad spectrum of youth development, including behavioral and physical health outcomes. In addition to describing the conceptual framework and methods underlying the CHS, we provide information on valuable "lessons learned" in the hopes of supporting future research efforts facing similar challenges. The ultimate goal of this research is demonstrating how policies regarding CM impact the well-being, resilience and recovery of survivors and that they are worthy of large public investment.
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19
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Predatu R, David OA, Ovidiu David D, Maffei A. Emotion regulation abilities as a predictor of anxiety, positive emotions, heart rate, and alpha asymmetry during an impromptu speech task. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2020; 34:719-733. [PMID: 33380225 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1867717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recent approaches suggest that emotion regulation (ER) abilities represent potential predictors of emotional response among youths navigating stressful situations. To test this, we investigated whether ER abilities predicted the subjective and physiological emotional response experienced by youths during a stressful situation. DESIGN A cross-sectional design was employed. METHOD One hundred and thirty-four youths completed measures of ER abilities (emotional awareness, anxiety sensitivity, emotional control) and were asked to deliver a speech while their anxiety, positive emotions, heart rate, and alpha asymmetry were collected at four time points: baseline, anticipation, speech, and post-recovery. RESULTS Pearson r correlations showed that poor emotional control and awareness, as well as high anxiety sensitivity were related to greater anxiety and lower positive emotions experienced during the speech. Hierarchical multiple regressions also revealed that emotional control and emotional awareness predicted greater speech anxiety and lower positive emotions. Moreover, anxiety sensitivity was related to and predicted an increased heart rate experienced during speech. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that difficulties in emotional awareness, anxiety sensitivity, and emotional control predict the emotional response experienced by youths during a stressful situation. Interventions delivered by clinicians/teachers that target ER difficulties may be effective in improving emotional functioning when navigating stressful situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Răzvan Predatu
- Doctoral School "Evidence-based Assessment and Psychological Interventions", Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Alexandra David
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel Ovidiu David
- International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Maffei
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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20
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Monopoli WJ, Evans SW, Benson K, Allan NP, Owens JS, DuPaul GJ, Bunford N. Assessment of a conceptually informed measure of emotion dysregulation: Evidence of construct validity vis a vis impulsivity and internalizing symptoms in adolescents with ADHD. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2020; 29:1-14. [PMID: 32898309 PMCID: PMC7723178 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite advances in understanding associations among attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), emotion dysregulation (ED), and related outcomes, there is incongruity between ADHD-relevant conceptualizations of ED and available measures of ED. To assess the psychometric properties of a parent-report questionnaire of ED conceptualized as deficits in the ability to modulate the (a) speed/degree of emotion escalation; (b) expression intensity; and (c) speed/degree of de-escalation. METHODS Participants were 209 adolescents with ADHD (78% male; 13.5-17.8 years old [M = 15.2 SD = 0.91]). Questionnaire items were selected from parent-report scales of ED and oppositional defiant disorder and subjected to exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and validity analyses. RESULTS The EFA revealed two factors, with speed/degree of escalation combined with intensity as factor one, and speed/degree of de-escalation as factor two. Factor one scores were related to ADHD impulsivity symptoms but not to anxiety and depression symptoms and they remained predictors of impulsivity even in the presence of self-report ED, evincing convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity. Factor two scores were related to anxiety and depression but not impulsivity, evincing convergent and discriminant validity. CONCLUSION These results inform our understanding of ADHD-relevant ED in adolescence and offer avenues for future research in measurement development, as well as for understanding ED and ADHD-related impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W John Monopoli
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven W Evans
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Kari Benson
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - George J DuPaul
- Department of Education and Human Services, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nóra Bunford
- 'Lendület' Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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21
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Creavy KL, Gatzke‐Kopp LM, Zhang X, Fishbein D, Kiser LJ. When you go low, I go high: Negative coordination of physiological synchrony among parents and children. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 62:310-323. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine L. Creavy
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies Pennsylvania State University State College Pennsylvania
- Child Welfare Resource Center University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa M. Gatzke‐Kopp
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies Pennsylvania State University State College Pennsylvania
| | - Xutong Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies Pennsylvania State University State College Pennsylvania
| | - Diana Fishbein
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies Pennsylvania State University State College Pennsylvania
| | - Laurel J. Kiser
- University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland
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22
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Bonifacci P, Tobia V, Marra V, Desideri L, Baiocco R, Ottaviani C. Rumination and Emotional Profile in Children with Specific Learning Disorders and Their Parents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020389. [PMID: 31936140 PMCID: PMC7013708 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rumination, namely a cognitive process characterized by a repetitive thinking focused on negative feelings and thoughts, is a significant predictor for the onset of internalizing symptoms and has also been found to run in families. Rumination has never been studied in children with specific learning disorders (SLD), a population that, due to its condition, might encounter more difficulties in daily life and is at risk of increased psychological distress, compared to typically developing (TD) peers. The present study covers this gap by examining whether children with SLD, and their parents, tend to use rumination more than TD peers and their parents. The study also explores associations between rumination and both children's and parents' emotional profile. Results on 25 children with SLD and 25 TD peers and their parents (n = 150), showed higher levels of rumination in children with SLD when referring to a negative social situation, as well as higher levels of rumination in both mothers and fathers of children with SLD. Modest correlations between parents' and children's rumination traits were also found. This study offers evidence on rumination as a possible risk factor for children with SLD, particularly considering when they deal with social contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bonifacci
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat, 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (L.D.)
| | - Valentina Tobia
- Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina, 58, 20132 Milano, Italy;
| | - Vanessa Marra
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat, 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (L.D.)
| | - Lorenzo Desideri
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat, 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (L.D.)
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristina Ottaviani
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Sapienza University of Rome, via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, via Ardeatina 306, 00142 Rome, Italy
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23
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Nyquist AC, Luebbe AM. An Emotion Recognition–Awareness Vulnerability Hypothesis for Depression in Adolescence: A Systematic Review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2019; 23:27-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10567-019-00302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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24
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Shriver LH, Dollar JM, Lawless M, Calkins SD, Keane SP, Shanahan L, Wideman L. Longitudinal Associations between Emotion Regulation and Adiposity in Late Adolescence: Indirect Effects through Eating Behaviors. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030517. [PMID: 30823405 PMCID: PMC6470565 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity among U.S. youth continues to increase, with many adolescents engaging in unhealthy eating behaviors. Increasingly, research points to the role of self-regulation in obesity development, yet existing work has largely focused on young children and/or clinical adult populations. This multi-method longitudinal study (N = 153) utilized a path analysis to delineate links between emotion regulation (age 15), emotional eating and dietary restraint (age 16), and adiposity (% body fat) using a BodPod for body composition assessment (age 19). Emotion regulation was negatively associated with emotional eating (β = −0.30, p < 0.001) and positively associated with dietary restraint (β = 0.15, p < 0.05) at age 16, but was not associated with age 19 adiposity (β = −0.01, p = ns). Emotional eating was positively associated with adiposity (β = 0.24, p < 0.01). Indirect effects suggested that emotional eating, but not dietary restraint, at age 16 serves as a mechanism that helps explain the associations between emotion regulation and adiposity four years later. Results from this study suggest that both emotion regulation and emotional eating represent promising targets for that should be included in future interventions aimed at preventing adolescent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka H Shriver
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.
| | - Jessica M Dollar
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.
| | - Meg Lawless
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.
| | - Susan D Calkins
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.
| | - Susan P Keane
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.
| | - Lilly Shanahan
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Laurie Wideman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG), Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.
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25
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Ingul JM, Havik T, Heyne D. Emerging School Refusal: A School-Based Framework for Identifying Early Signs and Risk Factors. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Faraone SV, Rostain AL, Blader J, Busch B, Childress AC, Connor DF, Newcorn JH. Practitioner Review: Emotional dysregulation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - implications for clinical recognition and intervention. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:133-150. [PMID: 29624671 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because emotional symptoms are common in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients and associate with much morbidity, some consider it to be a core feature rather than an associated trait. Others argue that emotional symptoms are too nonspecific for use as diagnostic criteria. This debate has been difficult to resolve due, in part, to the many terms used to describe emotional symptoms in ADHD and to concerns about overlap with mood disorders. METHODS We sought to clarify the nature of emotional symptoms in ADHD by reviewing conceptual and measurement issues and by examining the evidence base regarding specificity of such symptoms for ADHD. We reviewed the various terms used to define emotional symptoms in ADHD, clarify how these symptoms are demarcated from mood disorders, and assess the possibility that symptoms of emotional impulsivity and deficient emotional self-regulation should be considered as core symptoms. We addressed psychiatric comorbidities, the effects of ADHD treatments on associated emotional dysregulation, and the utility of current rating scales to assess emotional symptoms associated with ADHD. RESULTS Emotional symptoms are common and persistent in youth and adults with ADHD. Although emotional symptoms are common in other psychiatric disorders, emotional impulsivity (EI), and deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR) may be sufficiently specific for ADHD to function as diagnostic criteria. CONCLUSIONS Emotional symptoms in ADHD cause clinically significant impairments. Although there is a solid theoretical rationale for considering EI and DESR to be core symptoms of ADHD, there is no consensus about how to define these constructs sin a manner that would be specific to the disorder. An instrument to measure EI and DESR which demarcates them from irritability and other emotional symptoms could improve the accuracy of diagnostic criteria for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Anthony L Rostain
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Blader
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Betsy Busch
- Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Ann C Childress
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Daniel F Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine and Health Care, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Newcorn
- Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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27
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Theory of mind and emotion regulation difficulties in children with ADHD. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:117-122. [PMID: 30245374 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Social cognition deficits and emotion dysregulation (ED) are frequently separately studied in relation to ADHD. This study aimed to examine the link between theory of mind (ToM) abilities and ED in children with ADHD. Participants were 200 children aged 11-17 years (study group, n = 100; healthy controls, n = 100). Emotion regulation skills were quantified by using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). ToM was quantified by three different tasks. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale - parents form was used for determination of ADHD symptom severity (ADHD-SS). Children in the study group had more overall difficulties regulating their emotions than healthy controls. Within the study group, a significant correlation was found between the scores of DERS-total and ADHD-SS; and between the scores of DERS-total and gender. The linear regression showed that the predictor variables accounted for 56% of the variation in DERS-total. Unexpected Outcomes Test (UOT) scores significantly improved the accountability of the total variance when added to the linear regression. Our findings show that theory of mind deficits may partly explain ED in children with ADHD.
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28
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Bunford N, Dawson AE, Evans SW, Ray AR, Langberg JM, Owens JS, DuPaul GJ, Allan DM. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Parent Report: A Psychometric Investigation Examining Adolescents With and Without ADHD. Assessment 2018; 27:921-940. [PMID: 30112924 DOI: 10.1177/1073191118792307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation is associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and confers risk for behavior problems and functional impairment; however, there is little guidance on best practices for measurement in adolescents. We developed a parent-report version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-P). Evidence of reliability and validity was evaluated in a large community online sample (Study 1: n = 978; Mage = 13.52 years; SD = 1.93) and in two samples of adolescents with ADHD (Study 2, Sample 1: n = 78; Mage = 12.12 years, SD = 0.91; Sample 2: n = 206; Mage = 15.35 years; SD = 0.85). A four-factor solution of the DERS-P was obtained in Study 1 and confirmed in Study 2, with factors demonstrating acceptable internal consistency. The community sample was generally rated as less dysregulated than the ADHD samples. Support was obtained for convergent, concurrent, and incremental validity evidence. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the DERS-P as a psychometrically sound parent-report measure of emotion dysregulation in 11- to 17-year-old adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Bunford
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Budapest, Hungary.,Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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29
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Fraser G, Wilson MS, Garisch JA, Robinson K, Brocklesby M, Kingi T, O'Connell A, Russell L. Non-Suicidal Self-Injury, Sexuality Concerns, and Emotion Regulation among Sexually Diverse Adolescents: A Multiple Mediation Analysis. Arch Suicide Res 2018; 22:432-452. [PMID: 28759324 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2017.1358224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite increasing interest in the prevalence and correlates of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) in adolescent populations, relatively few studies have examined NSSI among lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) adolescents. The current study explored sexuality concerns and elevated emotion dysregulation as potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between sexual orientation and elevated non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). A community sample of 1,799 adolescents completed a questionnaire assessing NSSI, sexual orientation, sexuality concerns, and emotion regulation. Across the study, 20.6% of adolescents reported a history of NSSI. Adolescents who identify as "mostly heterosexual," "bisexual," and "mostly homosexual" were more likely to engage in NSSI than gay/lesbian, heterosexual, and asexual adolescents. Multiple mediation analysis showed that emotion regulation, but not sexuality concerns, mediated the relationship between sexual orientation and NSSI. The current study tested two theoretical pathways by which sexual orientation could predict NSSI engagement. Findings suggest that literature on general psychological processes, as well as group-specific minority stressors, can shed light on high rates of NSSI among LGB populations. Specifically, the challenges faced by LGB adolescents may undermine the development of emotion regulation. As such, this should be a key target of intervention with LGB adolescents engaging in NSSI.
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Robinson K, Garisch JA, Kingi T, Brocklesby M, O’Connell A, Langlands RL, Russell L, Wilson MS. Reciprocal Risk: the Longitudinal Relationship between Emotion Regulation and Non-suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 47:325-332. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Metzger A, Alvis LM, Oosterhoff B, Babskie E, Syvertsen A, Wray-Lake L. The Intersection of Emotional and Sociocognitive Competencies with Civic Engagement in Middle Childhood and Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:1663-1683. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Callear A, Harvey ST, Bimler D, Catto N. Profiling children's emotion regulation behaviours. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 36:540-556. [PMID: 29460430 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Callear, Harvey, and Bimler (2016, International Journal of Behavioral Development, 41, 456) organized children's emotion regulation behaviours into a coherent structure. However, further investigation is needed to identify core patterns of these emotion regulation behaviours. To identify clusters and prototypal constellations of emotion regulation behaviours, the 85 behavioural items comprising the Children's Emotion Regulation Inventory (ChERI) were ranked by 151 parents in order of applicability, using an ordinal sorting procedure (Method of Successive Sorts). Responses were aggregated in empirical scales, for classification of the cases using hierarchical and k-means clustering. The scales were based on nine key 'hotspots' of children's emotion regulation behaviours, interpreted as Outward Engagement, Inward or Somatic Focus, Disengagement, Disruptive, Impulsive/Labile, Social Connectedness/Compliance, Generating Closeness/Intimacy, Establishing Order and Generating Disorder. Five summary styles of children's emotion regulation emerged and are characterized on those scales. These hotspots and styles provide guidance to clinicians, parents, teachers, and other invested adults to assess and support children's emotional development. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Measurements of children's emotion regulation predominantly focus on internal processes and/or isolated expressions of emotion regulation behaviours. Research detailing anger and anxiety emotion regulation styles exists (e.g., Carthy, Horesh, Apter, & Gross, 2010, Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32, 23; Zalewski, Lengua, Wilson, Trancik, & Bazinet, 2011, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 110, 141). Callear, Harvey, and Bimler (2016, International Journal of Behavioral Development, 41, 456) developed the Children's Emotion Regulation Inventory to identify children's observable emotion regulation strategies. What does this study add? Research does not investigate which clusters of children's emotion regulation behaviours are most commonly exhibited and nor does it investigate emotion regulation behavioural styles. Examines how children's emotion regulation behaviours co-occur. Identifies nine core clusters (groupings) of emotion regulation behaviours most commonly observed to be exhibited in children. Identifies five emotion regulation behavioural styles (common co-occurring patterns of emotion regulation behaviour clusters) in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Callear
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Massey, New Zealand
| | - Shane T Harvey
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Massey, New Zealand
| | - David Bimler
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Massey, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas Catto
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Massey, New Zealand
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Bunford N, Evans SW, Langberg JM. Emotion Dysregulation Is Associated With Social Impairment Among Young Adolescents With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2018; 22:66-82. [PMID: 24681899 DOI: 10.1177/1087054714527793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate aspects of emotion dysregulation (ED) that characterize young adolescents with ADHD, examine the effects of subtype and comorbidity, and determine the extent to which ED is related to aggression and rule-breaking and social impairment. METHOD We examined which aspects of ED are most relevant to ADHD in 180 young adolescents (75% boys), as well as whether ED differs across ADHD subtypes or comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) status. We also examined the association between ED and aggression, rule-breaking, and social impairment. RESULTS Young adolescent females and males with ADHD exhibited various manifestations of ED, including behavioral dyscontrol in the presence of strong emotions and inflexibility/slow return to emotional baseline. ED did not differ as a function of ADHD subtype or comorbid ODD. Three aspects of ED, namely, low threshold for emotional excitability/impatience, behavioral dyscontrol in the face of strong emotions, and inflexibility/slow return to baseline, predicted three of six measured indices of parent- and self-reported social impairment, above and beyond comorbid ODD. CONCLUSIONS ED is associated with ADHD among young adolescents, does not differ based on ADHD subtype or ODD status, and is associated with social impairment.
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Amado Cordeiro S, Martins P, Costa-Lobo C. Bem-estar subjetivo, regulação emocional e orientação motivacional em atletas de alta competição. REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS E INVESTIGACIÓN EN PSICOLOGÍA Y EDUCACIÓN 2017. [DOI: 10.17979/reipe.2017.0.04.2875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
No contexto desportivo, as respostas emocionais dos atletas e a sua capacidade para as regular, parece ser uma competência fundamental para o sucesso desportivo. Neste âmbito, estudaram-se 50 jovens atletas de um clube de futebol português, afim de se analisar a relação do bem-estar subjetivo, da regulação emocional e da orientação motivacional segundo o rendimento desportivo. Os resultados sugerem que a orientação motivacional parece estar relacionada com o alto rendimento no desporto. Apuraram-se ainda, diferenças na regulação emocional em função do rendimento. Discute-se acerca das implicações do bem-estar subjetivo, da regulação emocional e da orientação motivacional, no rendimento desportivo.
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Pace CS, Di Folco S, Guerriero V. Late-adoptions in adolescence: Can attachment and emotion regulation influence behaviour problems? A controlled study using a moderation approach. Clin Psychol Psychother 2017; 25:250-262. [PMID: 29193445 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of research suggests that, compared to normative adolescence, adoptive adolescence could be considered a specific risk condition characterized by more psychiatric problems, attachment insecurity, and emotional regulation difficulties as consequences of negative experiences in preadoption relationships. The current study explores (a) a moderation model of adoption status on the association between attachment representations (secure, dismissing, preoccupied, and disorganized) and behavioural problems and (b) a moderation model of adoption status on the association between emotion regulation processes (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and behavioural problems. Both the moderation models were controlled for verbal skills. Forty-six adopted adolescents and a control group of 34 nonadopted peers (12-16 years old) living with both their biological parents were assessed using the Friends and Family Interview, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents, the Child Behaviour Check List 6-18, and the verbal subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, the latter as control measure. Results showed that adoption status (but not attachment) positively predicted externalizing and total behaviour problems, whereas attachment disorganization (but not adoption status) positively predicted internalizing problems in both group. Moreover, low cognitive reappraisal had a negative impact on externalizing problems only for adopted adolescents, but not for nonadopted youths. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed in order to enhance effective intervention with adopted adolescents and their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Serena Pace
- Department of Educational Science, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,CIAI (Centro Italiano Aiuti all'Infanzia), Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Di Folco
- School of Health and Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Viviana Guerriero
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Orihuela CA, Mrug S, Boggiano MM. Reciprocal relationships between emotion regulation and motives for eating palatable foods in African American adolescents. Appetite 2017; 117:303-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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García-Moya I, Ortiz Barón MJ, Moreno C. Emotional and Psychosocial Factors Associated With Drunkenness and the Use of Tobacco and Cannabis in Adolescence: Independent or Interactive Effects? Subst Use Misuse 2017; 52:1039-1050. [PMID: 28323506 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1271431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous research has examined emotional and psychosocial factors associated with substance use, there is a paucity of studies examining both at the same time, and insufficient attention has been paid to how these factors may interact. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to simultaneously examine the contributions from emotional (emotional control and depression) and psychosocial (peers' conventional behavior, peers' substance use and parent-child relationships) factors to drunkenness and the use of tobacco and cannabis in adolescence. METHODS Sample consisted of 1,752 adolescents aged 15 to 16 years who had participated in the 2014 edition of the WHO Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey in Spain. Data were collected by means of anonymous online questionnaires, and hierarchical multiple regression models (with sex and age as controls and including interactions among the examined predictors) were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Emotional and psychosocial factors showed significant interactive effects on substance use. Emotional control, which tended to buffer the effects of potential risk factors, and peers' substance use were consistent predictors of substance use. In contrast, the role of other factors depended on the substance under study, with depression and peers' conventional behavior being part of interactive terms for tobacco use and cannabis use only, and the quality of parent-child relationships being absent from the final model on cannabis use. Conclusions/Importance: Exploring interactions and potential substance-specific effects is fundamental to reach a better understanding of how emotional and psychosocial factors work in concert relative to substance use in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene García-Moya
- a Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology , University of Seville , Seville , Spain
| | - María José Ortiz Barón
- b Department of Basic Psychological Processes and Their Development , University of Basque Country , San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Carmen Moreno
- a Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology , University of Seville , Seville , Spain
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Abstract
Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience impairments in a number of functional domains. Although current evidence-based treatments for ADHD reduce symptoms and improve academic and behavioral functioning, they have minimal impact on social functioning or on risky behaviors (see Evans et al. in J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol, 43:527-551, 2014 for review). Preliminary evidence indicates that emotion dysregulation (ED) is associated with impairments across the developmental spectrum, such as social impairment and risky behaviors, and that its relative absence/presence is differentially associated with treatment response. It thus stands to reason that by incorporating a focus on ED in interventions targeting social impairment and risky behaviors, we may be able to increase the number of youth who respond to such interventions and decrease the prevalence or degree of these impairments and behaviors among youth and adults with ADHD. However, a number of questions remain unaddressed about the association between ADHD and ED, such as the portion of individuals with ADHD who experience ED, the extent to which ED is associated with the above impairments and behaviors, and whether or not ED is malleable. To begin addressing these questions, we summarize and critically evaluate the literature on the association between ADHD and ED and make recommendations for future basic, translational, and treatment outcome research.
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Szentágotai-Tătar A, Miu AC. Individual Differences in Emotion Regulation, Childhood Trauma and Proneness to Shame and Guilt in Adolescence. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167299. [PMID: 27898709 PMCID: PMC5127568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispositional shame and guilt have been associated with psychopathology and an increasing number of studies have traced this relation back to adolescence. This developmental period is thought to be characterized by maturational changes in emotion regulation, which also play an important role in vulnerability to psychopathology, but little is known about the links between emotion regulation and dispositional shame and guilt. The current study investigated the relations between individual differences in the habitual use of a wide range of emotion regulation strategies and proneness to shame and guilt in a large sample of adolescents (N = 706), aged 13 to 17 years. History of childhood trauma was also assessed. Our results showed that emotion regulation independently explained about 20% of the variance of shame-proneness and guilt-proneness. Higher use of maladaptive (e.g., Self-Blaming, Catastrophizing) and lower use of adaptive (e.g., Refocus on Planning, Positive Reappraisal) emotion regulation strategies were positively associated with shame-proneness. In contrast, lower use of maladaptive (e.g., Catastrophizing, Blaming Others) and higher use of adaptive (e.g., Refocus on Planning, Positive Reappraisal) emotion regulation strategies were associated with guilt-proneness, independent of the influence of childhood trauma, which also explained a relatively minor portion of guilt-proneness. Although there were age differences (i.e., rumination was used more by older adolescents, and the influence of emotion regulation on depression and anxiety symptoms increased with age) and sex differences (i.e., girls reported higher use of Putting into Perspective and Other Blaming compared to boys) in emotion regulation, age and sex were not significantly associated with proneness to shame and guilt. The positive relations with maladaptive emotion regulation underscores the dysfunctional nature of shame-proneness. Future studies could use longitudinal measures to establish that emotion regulation drives dispositional shame and guilt, and also investigate whether emotion regulation optimization is able to normalize proneness to shame and guilt and reduce risk for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Szentágotai-Tătar
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Andrei C Miu
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
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N. Lordo D, Bertolin M, L. Sudikoff E, Keith C, Braddock B, Kaufman DAS. Parents Perceive Improvements in Socio-emotional Functioning in Adolescents with ASD Following Social Skills Treatment. J Autism Dev Disord 2016; 47:203-214. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-016-2969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Moreno C, García-Moya I, Rivera F, Ramos P. Characterization of Vulnerable and Resilient Spanish Adolescents in Their Developmental Contexts. Front Psychol 2016; 7:983. [PMID: 27458397 PMCID: PMC4931796 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on resilience and vulnerability can offer very valuable information for optimizing design and assessment of interventions and policies aimed at fostering adolescent health. This paper used the adversity level associated with family functioning and the positive adaptation level, as measured by means of a global health score, to distinguish four groups within a representative sample of Spanish adolescents aged 13-16 years: maladaptive, resilient, competent and vulnerable. The aforementioned groups were compared in a number of demographic, school context, peer context, lifestyles, psychological and socioeconomic variables, which can facilitate or inhibit positive adaptation in each context. In addition, the degree to which each factor tended to associate with resilience and vulnerability was examined. The majority of the factors operated by increasing the likelihood of good adaptation in resilient adolescents and diminishing it in vulnerable ones. Overall, more similarities than differences were found in the factors contributing to explaining resilience or vulnerability. However, results also revealed some differential aspects: psychological variables showed a larger explicative capacity in vulnerable adolescents, whereas factors related to school and peer contexts, especially the second, showed a stronger association with resilience. In addition, perceived family wealth, satisfaction with friendships and breakfast frequency only made a significant contribution to the explanation of resilience. The current study provides a highly useful characterization of resilience and vulnerability phenomena in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Moreno
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of SevilleSevilla, Spain
| | - Irene García-Moya
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of SevilleSevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Rivera
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of HuelvaHuelva, Spain
| | - Pilar Ramos
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of SevilleSevilla, Spain
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Callear A, Harvey ST, Bimler D. Understanding the structure of children’s emotion-regulation strategies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025416647525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emotion regulation is a central feature in human emotional development. However, measures based on children’s observable emotion regulation behaviors are largely absent. An inventory of children’s emotion regulation strategies was developed from current measures and four focus group discussions with experts in child behavior and emotion. From there, a 103-item inventory of observable emotion regulation strategies was developed. Multidimensional scaling was used to elicit and analyze similarity data, generated by participants with lay and expert knowledge in children’s emotion regulation engaging in a series of objective sorting tasks. This created a type of “collective working model” which reflects the internal structure of the item collection. The resulting framework provides a model that overlays current theoretical models, allows these models to be discussed and expanded, and the resultant Children’s Emotion Regulation Inventory (ChERI) carries potential usefulness for research or clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shane Trevor Harvey
- Massey University Psychology Clinic, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Mokgadi M, Mukuna RK. Psychometric properties of a measure of psychological factors among francophone adolescent learners in a South African setting. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2016.1163910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moletsane Mokgadi
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
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Bunford N, Evans SW, Becker SP, Langberg JM. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and social skills in youth: a moderated mediation model of emotion dysregulation and depression. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 43:283-96. [PMID: 25037460 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-014-9909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although studies document an association between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and social problems, little is known about mediating or moderating mechanisms underlying this association. We examined whether, among youth, emotion dysregulation (ED) mediates the negative association between ADHD and social skills, and whether this mediational process is moderated by symptoms of depression. A total of 171 youth with ADHD (76 % male; Mage = 12.15, SD = 0.95) and their parents completed measures of ED, depression, and social skills. Results indicated that, after controlling for oppositional defiant disorder, the negative association between ADHD and social skills was mediated by ED. Further, this indirect effect was relevant for youth with non-clinical and subclinical levels of depression but not for those with clinical levels of depression. These findings underscore the importance of ED in the association between ADHD and social functioning among youth and suggest a need for additional research to understand how and when ED impacts such functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Bunford
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, 200 Porter Hall, Athens, OH, 45701, USA,
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Yoga and Emotion Regulation in High School Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:794928. [PMID: 26356561 PMCID: PMC4556863 DOI: 10.1155/2015/794928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Middle adolescents (15–17 years old) are prone to increased risk taking and emotional instability. Emotion dysregulation contributes to a variety of psychosocial difficulties in this population. A discipline such as yoga offered during school may increase emotion regulation, but research in this area is lacking. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of a yoga intervention on the emotion regulation of high school students as compared to physical education (PE). In addition, the potential mediating effects of mindful attention, self-compassion, and body awareness on the relationship between yoga and emotion regulation were examined. High school students were randomized to participate in a 16-week yoga intervention (n = 19) or regular PE (n = 18). Pre-post data analyses revealed that emotion regulation increased significantly in the yoga group as compared to the PE group (F (1,32) = 7.50, p = .01, and eta2 = .19). No significant relationship was discovered between the changes in emotion regulation and the proposed mediating variables. Preliminary results suggest that yoga increases emotion regulation capacities of middle adolescents and provides benefits beyond that of PE alone.
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Self-Regulation and Other Executive Functions Relationship to Pediatric OCD Severity and Treatment Outcome. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-014-9408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Subthreshold depression in adolescence: a systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013; 22:589-603. [PMID: 23579389 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-013-0411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In adolescence, the number of depressive symptoms is rising notably. Individuals may have relevant depressive symptoms without meeting the full criteria of a major depressive episode (MDE), a condition referred to as subthreshold depression (sD). This article presents a review on adolescent sD examining the prevalence, the quality of life (QoL), the risk of developing MDE, and preventive programs available for adolescents living with sD. A systematic literature search from the year of the introduction of Diagnostic and Statistic Manual for Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) until 2012 (18 years) was conducted with a special focus on adolescent sD. Data from 27 studies were included into this review. The results show high prevalence of sD among adolescents, with a negative impact on QoL, and provide evidence that sD is a significant risk indicator of later MDE; therefore, individuals with sD represent good targets for preventive interventions. Our review highlights the fact that sD is a significant health problem among adolescents indeed, and adolescents with sD could be a subgroup of youth, who need further help to reduce their clinically significant depressive symptoms for the successful prevention of a later MDE.
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Dorn C, Spindler G, Kullik A, Petermann F, Barnow S. Erfassung von Emotionsregulationsstrategien–eine Übersicht. PSYCHOLOGISCHE RUNDSCHAU 2013. [DOI: 10.1026/0033-3042/a000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Die vorliegende Übersicht stellt Verfahren zur Erfassung von Emotionsregulationsstrategien im Kindes-, Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter zusammen. Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilungsverfahren im Kindes- und Jugendalter sowie Fragebögen des Erwachsenenalters, für die eine validierte deutschsprachige Übersetzung vorliegt, werden betrachtet und hinsichtlich qualitativer Standards und psychometrischer Gütekriterien diskutiert. Es folgt die Darstellung der Methoden des Ecological Momentary Assessment, die es ermöglichen, emotionsregulierende Prozesse in der natürlichen Umwelt zu erfassen und Kontextfaktoren zu berücksichtigen. Der Beitrag schließt mit der Empfehlung, Emotionsregulationsstrategien multimethodal zu erfassen.
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Perez J, Venta A, Garnaat S, Sharp C. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale: Factor Structure and Association with Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Adolescent Inpatients. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-012-9292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Emotional Functioning in Children and Adolescents with Elevated Depressive Symptoms. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-011-9220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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