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Meier K, Apon LC, Van Hoeken D, Van Eeden AE, Hoek HW, Oldehinkel AJ. Impact of parenthood on eating pathology in young adults. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:1746-1755. [PMID: 38801161 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies investigated parenthood as a predictor of eating pathology in young adulthood. We studied the association between parenthood, in the first year after becoming a parent and beyond, and eating pathology. Furthermore, we examined whether moving in together with a partner affected this association. METHOD This study used data of four measurement waves from TRAILS (Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey), a Dutch community cohort study (N = 2229) from preadolescence into young adulthood. The Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS), a measure to assess eating pathology, was assessed at ages 22, 26, and 29. Risk for eating disorder was assessed at age 19. Pregnant participants were excluded. RESULTS Parenthood was not associated with an increase of eating pathology in the first year after becoming a parent and beyond. Instead, parents were more likely to report being free from eating pathology symptoms compared to childless individuals (OR 2.07, 95% CI: 1.11-3.84). Among those who reported experiencing at least one eating problem, parenthood was not associated with the number of eating problems. Moving in together with a partner did not alter the association between parenthood and eating problems and neither did this association differ between males and females. DISCUSSION Parenthood in young adulthood was associated with a decreased risk of having eating pathology. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this longitudinal study among young adults, parenthood was not associated with the development of eating pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Meier
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L C Apon
- Dutch Healthcare Authority, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D Van Hoeken
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - A E Van Eeden
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H W Hoek
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, New York, New York, USA
| | - A J Oldehinkel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Scharfenberg L, Negash S, Kluttig A, Mikolajczyk R. The association between the child's age and mothers' physical activity: results from the population-based German National Cohort study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1584. [PMID: 38872147 PMCID: PMC11170828 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since physical activity is an important determinant of physical and mental health, lower levels of physical activity among mothers reported in previous research are concerning. The aim of this study was to examine whether physical activity levels differ among mothers depending on the age of the youngest child. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the German National Cohort study, comprising 3959 mothers aged 22-72 years with offspring aged 0-54 years (grouped into 0-5, 6-11, 12-17, 18-29 and > 30 years) was used. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to assess physical activity among mothers in leisure time, transport and (occupational and non-occupational) work settings, quantified as MET-minutes per week. Means (with 95% confidence interval) of mothers' weekly MET-minutes were visualized in graphs, stratified by mothers' and the youngest child's age. Linear regression analyses assessed the association between the child's age and self-reported time and intensity of mothers' physical activity within each activity domain and for the total physical activity. RESULTS Adjusted results suggested that the MET-minutes in work settings were lower among mothers with younger children. This association was clearest in mothers whose youngest child was under 12 years old, among whom lower self-reported physical activity at work compared to mothers with children at age 30 and older was found. No association was observed between the age of the youngest child and mothers' MET-minutes in leisure nor in transport settings. The self-reported physical activity of mothers whose youngest child was in the same child age group was found to be lower with increased maternal age. As expected, the work related activity dominated the self-reported physical activity. CONCLUSIONS The results show differences in mothers' self-reported physical activity by the age of the youngest child. The strongest difference was related to physical activity in work settings, indicating the need for supportive actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Scharfenberg
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sarah Negash
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexander Kluttig
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Hesketh KR, Baird J, Crozier SR, Godfrey KM, Harvey NC, Cooper C, van Sluijs EM. Activity Behaviors Before and During Pregnancy Are Associated With Women's Device-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in Later Parenthood: A Longitudinal Cohort Analysis. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:803-811. [PMID: 37573030 PMCID: PMC7615174 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore how activity behaviors before/during pregnancy relate to those in later parenthood, we assessed associations between sitting and moderate-/strenuous exercise before/during pregnancy, and sedentary time (SED) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) 4-7 years postpartum ("later parenthood"). METHODS Longitudinal data were from the Southampton Women's Survey, United Kingdom. Women reported time spent sitting (in hours per day), in moderate-strenuous exercise (hours per week), and in strenuous exercise (hours per week) at 3 time points before/during pregnancy (ie, preconception, at ∼12-wk and ∼34-wk gestation). From this, we derived 3 behavior trajectories for each woman. In later parenthood, women wore an accelerometer for ≤7 days (mean: 5.4 [SD: 1.8] d), which we used to derive 2 outcomes: minutes per day SED and in MVPA. Multilevel linear regression was used to explore associations between trajectories before/during pregnancy and device-measured SED/MVPA in later parenthood. RESULTS A total of 780 women provided valid data before/during pregnancy and in later parenthood. Consistent high sitters (vs low) were more sedentary 4-7 years postpartum (β = 39.5 min/d [95% confidence interval, 23.26 to 55.82]), as were women in groups who sat more in later pregnancy. Consistently high moderate/-strenuous exercisers (vs low) were 22% (95% confidence interval, 2%-47%) more active in later parenthood; those engaging in strenuous activity preconception tended to have higher MVPA as parents. CONCLUSIONS Trajectories of sitting and exercise before/during pregnancy are associated with SED and MVPA, respectively, in later parenthood. Interventions to reduce sitting in pregnancy and to encourage higher intensity activity preconception may benefit maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R. Hesketh
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Janis Baird
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Southampton Science Park, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah R. Crozier
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, Southampton Science Park, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas C. Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Esther M.F. van Sluijs
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Darroch FE, Oliffe JL, Montaner GG, Webb JM. Barriers to physical activity for father's living in marginalising conditions. Health (London) 2023; 27:147-166. [PMID: 33947266 PMCID: PMC9743074 DOI: 10.1177/13634593211014275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity can be a conduit for improving men's social connectedness as well as physical gains for well-being. However, marginalised men, and fathers in particular, can be challenged to engage in leisure time physical activity. This qualitative study reports how fathers, who experience complex and significant social and health inequities, conceptualise and experience barriers to physical activity. Drawing from focus groups with 17 fathers, and semi-structured interviews with seven service providers about their perspectives on men's physical activity in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside (DTES), a highly marginalised neighbourhood. A masculinities framework was used to describe and contextualise physical activity in fathers' lives. Three themes were inductively derived through the analyses: (1) 'they're busy surviving' a finding referencing the work and limits invoked by poverty wherein survival was triaged ahead of leisure time physical activity; (2) 'there is no activity centre' chronicling the lack of physical activity spaces, programmes and resources available to fathers; and (3) 'lifestyle affects our capability to exercise' a theme detailing how social isolation amplified by factors including housing and opioid crises, and being a father in a resource poor setting imposed significant barriers to physical activity. The findings support reconceptualising physical activity programmes with men who are living in marginalising conditions to address behavioural and structural health inequities in tailoring father-centred programmes and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine E Darroch
- Francine E Darroch, Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, 3303 Health Sciences Building, Ottawa, ON K1S5B6, Canada.
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Badon SE, Ferrara A, Gabriel KP, Avalos LA, Hedderson MM. Changes in 24-Hour Movement Behaviors From Early to Late Pregnancy in Individuals With Prepregnancy Overweight or Obesity. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:842-846. [PMID: 36370700 PMCID: PMC11023622 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how sleep, sedentary behavior (SED), and physical activity (PA) (24-h movement profile) changes across pregnancy in individuals with prepregnancy overweight or obesity and how parity (previous births) impacts these changes can help inform interventions. METHODS In 155 participants, movement was measured using wrist-worn accelerometers, and sleep was self-reported in early (8-15 wk) and late (29-38 wk) pregnancy. The 24-hour movement profiles were analyzed using compositional analyses. RESULTS Nulliparous participants (no previous births) spent 33.95%, 38.14%, 25.32%, and 2.58% of the 24-hour day in early pregnancy in sleep, SED, light-intensity PA, and moderate/vigorous-intensity PA, respectively. Multiparous participants (≥1 previous birth) spent 2.50 percentage points less in SED (mean log-ratio difference = -0.068; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.129 to -0.009) and 2.73 percentage points more in light-intensity PA (mean log-ratio difference = 0.102; 95% CI, 0.035 to 0.180). From early to late pregnancy, participants decreased the proportion of the 24-hour day spent asleep by 1.67 percentage points (mean log-ratio difference = -0.050; 95% CI, -0.092 to -0.011) and increased light-intensity PA by 1.56 percentage points (mean log-ratio difference = 0.057; 95% CI, 0.003 to 0.108), with no change in other behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Nulliparous and multiparous individuals with prepregnancy overweight or obesity both had high levels of SED, with no change across pregnancy, and may require interventions to reduce SED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia E Badon
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA,USA
| | - Assiamira Ferrara
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA,USA
| | | | - Lyndsay A Avalos
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA,USA
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Nayak M, Wills K, Teychenne M, Cleland V. Impacts of life-events on sitting, TV viewing and computer use among women from disadvantaged neighbourhoods. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1816. [PMID: 36153519 PMCID: PMC9508715 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Little is known about how life events such as changes in parental or employment status influence sedentary behaviour (SB). Women from disadvantaged neighbourhoods are at particular risk of poor health, therefore, in this population group this study aimed to determine between changes in parental and employment status with sitting, television viewing (TV), and computer time.
Methods
Women (18–45 years) from socioeconomically disadvantaged neighbourhoods self-reported their employment status, number of children, sitting, TV, and computer time [(baseline (n = 4349), three (n = 1912) and 5 years (n = 1560)]. Linear (sitting) and negative binomial (TV and computer time) multilevel models adjusted for confounders were used to estimate the SB association with changes in life events.
Results
Compared to women who never had children during the study period, less sitting and computer time was observed for women when number of children remained unchanged, had their first child or additional child, and fewer children (< 18 years). Less TV was observed for women when number of children remained unchanged.
Compared to women who remained employed full-time during the study period, sitting and computer time decreased among women when they decreased or increased their working hours or when remained employed part-time/not working. TV time increased among women when they decreased their working hours.
Conclusion
Among women, declines in SB were observed amongst those experiencing life events. Interventions to decrease SB may consider targeting women with no children, and future research should further explore how changes in employment type (e.g., non-manual to manual jobs) impact SB.
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Northcote M, Foster C, Pulsford R, Spotswood F. Impact of having a child on physical activity in the UK: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063410. [PMID: 36137636 PMCID: PMC9511554 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Throughout the life course, there are major life transitions that are associated with reduced physical activity, which may have further implications for health and well-being. Having a child is one such transition that has been identified as a critical transformative experience and window for intervention. We will conduct a scoping review of available evidence exploring the impact of having a child on physical activity in the UK. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will use best-practice methodological frameworks to map key concepts and available evidence, summarise and disseminate findings to stakeholders, and identify knowledge gaps. A three-step search strategy will identify primary research studies, including reviews, from published and grey literature, exploring the impact of having a child on physical activity in the UK, from the preconception period, throughout pregnancy, the postpartum period, and into parenthood. An initial limited search will identify relevant reviews, from which keywords and index terms will be extracted. We will conduct searches of CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science to identify relevant articles written in English from inception to February 2022. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts of identified studies for inclusion and chart data, with a third reviewer resolving any conflicts. Backwards citation tracking will identify any additional studies. We will conduct numerical and thematic analysis to map data in tabular and diagrammatic format and provide a description of findings by theme. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required for this scoping review. We will disseminate findings to stakeholders through publications, conferences, social media platforms and in-person communications. Consultations with key stakeholders, with their unique expertise and perspectives, will provide greater insight. We will establish the main priorities for future research to inform the research questions of subsequent studies. SCOPING REVIEW REGISTRATION Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/gtqa4/) DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/GTQA4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlie Foster
- School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Pulsford
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Do B, Zink J, Mason TB, Belcher BR, Dunton GF. Physical Activity and Sedentary Time Among Mothers of School-Aged Children: Differences in Accelerometer-Derived Pattern Metrics by Demographic, Employment, and Household Factors. Womens Health Issues 2022; 32:490-498. [PMID: 35491346 PMCID: PMC9532341 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic patterns of how physical activity and sedentary time are accumulated across the day are associated with health outcomes, independent of total activity levels. Individual factors may influence activity patterns in mothers, but these associations are unknown. This study examined multivariable associations between demographic, employment, and household factors and day-level pattern metrics. METHODS Mothers (N = 200) of school-aged children (ages 8-12 years) participated in 6 semi-annual 7-day assessments. Waist-worn Actigraph GT3X accelerometers assessed daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; minutes, number of short bouts [<10 minutes], proportion of long bouts [≥20 minutes]) and sedentary time (minutes, number of breaks, proportion of long bouts [≥60 minutes], temporal dispersion). Multilevel models examined associations between individual characteristics and activity metrics. RESULTS There were 4,930 day-level observations. Having a college degree was associated with fewer short MVPA bouts (B = -2.67), more sedentary minutes (B = 21.66), greater long sedentary bouts (odds ratio = 1.50), and having sedentary time less evenly distributed across the day (B = 0.01). Working full-time was associated with more short MVPA bouts (B = 1.39) and breaks in sedentary time (B = 2.08). Having at least 1 infant (<6 months old) in the same household was associated with fewer MVPA minutes (B = -0.11) and short MVPA bouts (B = -4.46), whereas having at least 1 young child (6 months-5 years old) in the same household was associated with fewer sedentary minutes (B = -11.85) and fewer long sedentary bouts (odds ratio = 0.70). CONCLUSIONS Day-level pattern metrics show differences not captured when examining total volume alone. Results provide more nuanced information as to how activity is accumulated in terms of bouts and breaks, which can inform programs to increase MVPA and reduce sedentary time by elucidating subpopulations that should be targeted by health behavior interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette Do
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Jennifer Zink
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Britni R Belcher
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Parent Physical Activity: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:132-147. [PMID: 35016157 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this review were to describe exercise interventions, facilitators, and barriers to physical activity for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. METHODS A systematic review of the literature, appraising the validity of each article with Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt's level of evidence, from different databases CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science between 2000 and 2020 was conducted. As the initial search revealed no articles on exercise interventions and only 2 articles with children with autism spectrum disorder, the aim was widened to all parents of children. RESULTS Forty-five articles were identified on barriers to physical activity including being the primary caregiving parent, perception of guilt and selfishness, and adhering to exercise programs they do as part of research, once research ends. Facilitators for physical activity including parents being more likely to exercise if they can bring their child with them and parents preferring exercise that is a lifelong habit, such as walking. CONCLUSIONS Due to the lack of research on parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, recommendations include development and testing of interventions for parents of children with this condition including family-based exercise interventions where children and parents have a choice to exercise together.
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Khow YZ, Lim TLY, Ng JSP, Wu J, Tan CS, Chia KS, Luo N, Seow WJ. Behavioral impact of national health campaigns on healthy lifestyle practices among young adults in Singapore: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1601. [PMID: 34461867 PMCID: PMC8404369 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11628-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background National health campaigns are often used to improve lifestyle behaviors in the general population. However, evidence specifically in the young adult population is scarce. Given the general deterioration of healthy lifestyle practices from adolescence to young adulthood, it is imperative to study this age group. This study aimed to investigate the behavioral impact of a national health campaign in Singapore on the lifestyle practices of young adults, and whether sex or full-time working and schooling status affected lifestyle practices. Methods A total of 594 Singaporean respondents aged 18–39 years old were interviewed via a cross-sectional study in December 2019. Lifestyle practices assessed were diet, exercise, alcohol consumption, current tobacco use, and participation in health screening programs. Other factors investigated included exposure to the national health campaign “War on Diabetes” (WoD), sex, ethnicity, and working/schooling status. Multivariable modified Breslow-Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate prevalence risk ratios (PRRs) as measures for the associations in this study, after adjusting for potential confounders. Results Exposure to the WoD campaign had a significant association with meeting dietary recommendations (PRR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0–2.5, p = 0.037), participation in screening (PRR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0–1.5, p = 0.028), and current tobacco use (PRR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.8, p = 0.003). Males were significantly more likely to meet exercise recommendations (PRR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.5–2.7, p < 0.001), currently use tobacco (PRR = 3.9, 95% CI: 2.2–6.9, p < 0.001), and consume alcohol excessively (PRR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0–2.3, p = 0.046), as compared to females. Working young adults were significantly less likely to meet exercise recommendations (PRR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5–0.9, p = 0.019) but significantly more likely to be current tobacco users (PRR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–3.1, p = 0.024), as compared to those who were in school. Conclusions While this paper affirms that national health campaigns have significant beneficial associations in diet, health screenings and current tobacco use, policymakers should acknowledge that young adults are an age group with different influences that impact their healthy lifestyle habits. Specific interventions that target these subgroups may be required for better health outcomes. Future studies should evaluate other socio-environmental factors that could play a role in modifying the effect of health campaigns among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhi Khow
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Talia Li Yin Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Jarret Shoon Phing Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Jiaxuan Wu
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Chuen Seng Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Nan Luo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Wei Jie Seow
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore. .,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.
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Endoh Y, Tamashiro Y, Toyosato T, Omine F, Takeda M, Kobayashi M, Endoh H. Child-rearing Assistance Enhances Physical Activity and Health-related Quality of Life among Japanese Grandmothers. JOURNAL OF INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15350770.2021.1965064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tomasone JR, Flood SM, Latimer-Cheung AE, Faulkner G, Duggan M, Jones R, Lane KN, Bevington F, Carrier J, Dolf M, Doucette K, Faught E, Gierc M, Giouridis N, Gruber R, Johnston N, Kauffeldt KD, Kennedy W, Lorbergs A, Maclaren K, Ross R, Tytler K, Walters AJ, Welsh F, Brouwers MC. Knowledge translation of the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18-64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older: a collaborative movement guideline knowledge translation process. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 45:S103-S124. [PMID: 33054331 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Establishing a step-by-step process that provides practitioners with a blueprint for translating movement guidelines into action stands to optimize the investment in guideline development, improve guideline promotion and uptake, and ultimately enhance population health. The purpose of this paper is to describe how the Knowledge-to-Action framework and integrated knowledge translation were operationalized to systematically inform our knowledge translation (KT) efforts for the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18-64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older. In October 2018, the need for a KT Process, operating in tandem with the Guideline Development Process, led to the establishment of a KT team with a specific structure and terms of reference. The KT team collaboratively agreed on decision-making principles prior to selecting target audiences to focus their efforts. We undertook formative research to assess the local context and determinants of guideline dissemination and implementation efforts among target audiences. Plans for the subsequent steps and research are outlined. We highlight recommendations and lessons learned for applying the process in other settings. Novelty We outline a collaborative and systematic process and research program for the knowledge translation of movement guidelines. This paper provides an innovative and replicable blueprint to optimize future movement guideline knowledge translation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Tomasone
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Flood
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Amy E Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mary Duggan
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, Ottawa, ON K2A 4B1, Canada
| | | | - Kirstin N Lane
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, Ottawa, ON K2A 4B1, Canada.,School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Frances Bevington
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Julie Carrier
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Matt Dolf
- UBC Wellbeing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kevin Doucette
- Canadian Medical Association, Ottawa, ON K1J 9B9, Canada
| | - Emma Faught
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Madelaine Gierc
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nicole Giouridis
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Reut Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada.,Attention, Behaviour and Sleep Lab, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Nora Johnston
- Centre for Active Living, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn D Kauffeldt
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | | | - Kaleigh Maclaren
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, Ottawa, ON K2A 4B1, Canada
| | - Robert Ross
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kim Tytler
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, Ottawa, ON K2A 4B1, Canada
| | - Alexandra J Walters
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Frank Welsh
- Canadian Public Health Association, Ottawa, ON K1Z 8R9, Canada
| | - Melissa C Brouwers
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
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13
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Predicting the physical activity of new parents who participated in a physical activity intervention. Soc Sci Med 2021; 284:114221. [PMID: 34274708 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The demands of early parenthood may limit the pursuit of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA); thus, understanding the predictors of MVPA among this population could help build targeted intervention programs. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the correlates of MVPA, in the form of constructs subsumed within the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and multi-process action control (M-PAC) framework, among new parents participating in in a couple-based PA promotion randomized trial across a six-month period in the first year after birth. METHODS In total, 264 participants (132 couples) at the two-month point of parenting their first child were enrolled in the trial through advertisements. MVPA, TPB, and M-PAC constructs were assessed via self-report at baseline, and six-week, three-month, and six-month after baseline time-periods. RESULTS Dyadic path modeling of the TPB showed that intention only predicted MVPA for mothers and PBC did not predict MVPA. Most of the sample had intentions to be physically active, although the extent to which intentions predicted subsequent MVPA was dependent on mothers and fathers reported strength of planning, habits, and exercise identity (M-PAC variables). Intention was subsequently predicted by affective attitude and PBC for mothers and fathers. CONCLUSIONS Interventions targeting affective attitude and perceived behavioral control may assist in improving MVPA intentions of new parents; yet, additional intervention strategies to increase planning, habit, and especially exercise identity seems warranted for many parents to close the gap between intention and PA. The findings highlight the complementary approach of intention formation and intention translation theories among new parents.
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14
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Spotswood F, Nobles J, Armstrong M. "We're just stuck in a daily routine": Implications of the temporal dimensions, demands and dispositions of mothering for leisure time physical activity. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2021; 43:1254-1269. [PMID: 33998676 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The reduced physical activity of women when they become mothers is a public health priority. Existing studies show that mothers have little time for leisure, or time that is fragmented and requiring negotiation with others. However, the temporal features of mothering are undertheorised and qualitative studies tend to focus on how mothers can skilfully construct physically active identities and balance societal expectations about being a "good mother". In line with other research that focuses on the configuration of everyday practices that condition the "possibilities" for health-related practices like physical activity, we shift our focus away from the resisting capacities of mothers to the temporal features of mothering practices. We interrogate the lived experiences of 15 mothers of preschool children in deprived urban areas and illuminate the inherent temporal dimensions, demands and dispositions of mothering practices that condition the possibility of leisure time physical activity being undertaken. Together, these temporal features mean mothering practices can readily work against leisure time physical activity. The focus on the mothering practices rather than mothers brings a novel perspective for developing public health policy designed to support mothers into regular leisure time physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Nobles
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West), University Hospitals Bristol National Health Service Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
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15
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Deliens T, Versele V, Jehin J, D’Hondt E, Verhavert Y, Clarys P, Devlieger R, Bogaerts A, Aerenhouts D. Misreporting of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Parents-to-Be: A Validation Study across Sex. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094654. [PMID: 33925689 PMCID: PMC8124545 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study validated the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Context-specific Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (CSBQ) against accelerometry among parents-to-be. Sex-differences in potential misreporting of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) were also investigated. Self-reported total PA (TPA), light-intensity PA (LPA), moderate-intensity PA (MPA), vigorous-intensity PA (VPA), moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA), and SB of 91 parents-to-be (41 men and 50 women) were compared with Actigraph data according to sex. Furthermore, the extent of misreporting was compared between sexes. Strong correlations for TPA and weak-to-moderate correlations for LPA, MPA, VPA, MVPA, and SB were observed. Participants underestimated TPA by 1068 min/week (=17.8 h/week; −50%), LPA by 1593 min/week (=26.6 h/week; −83%), and SB by 428 min/week (=7.1 h/week; −11%) and overestimated MPA by 384 min/week (=6.4 h/week; +176%) and MVPA by 525 min/week (=8.8 h/week; +224%). Males overreported VPA more than females in absolute minutes per week (238 min/week, i.e., 4.0 h/week vs. 62 min/week, i.e., 1.0 h/week), whereas, in relative terms, the opposite (+850% vs. +1033%) was true. The IPAQ and CSBQ can be used with caution to estimate TPA and SB among parents-to-be considering a strong correlation but low agreement for TPA and a weak-to-moderate correlation but acceptable agreement for SB. We disadvise using these self-reports to estimate PA on the distinct intensity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Deliens
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (V.V.); (J.J.); (E.D.); (Y.V.); (P.C.); (D.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vickà Versele
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (V.V.); (J.J.); (E.D.); (Y.V.); (P.C.); (D.A.)
| | - Jasper Jehin
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (V.V.); (J.J.); (E.D.); (Y.V.); (P.C.); (D.A.)
| | - Eva D’Hondt
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (V.V.); (J.J.); (E.D.); (Y.V.); (P.C.); (D.A.)
| | - Yanni Verhavert
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (V.V.); (J.J.); (E.D.); (Y.V.); (P.C.); (D.A.)
| | - Peter Clarys
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (V.V.); (J.J.); (E.D.); (Y.V.); (P.C.); (D.A.)
| | - Roland Devlieger
- Research Unit Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.D.); (A.B.)
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annick Bogaerts
- Research Unit Woman and Child, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.D.); (A.B.)
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Dirk Aerenhouts
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (V.V.); (J.J.); (E.D.); (Y.V.); (P.C.); (D.A.)
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16
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Carr RM, Quested E, Stenling A, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Prestwich A, Gucciardi DF, McVeigh J, Ntoumanis N. Postnatal Exercise Partners Study (PEEPS): a pilot randomized trial of a dyadic physical activity intervention for postpartum mothers and a significant other. Health Psychol Behav Med 2021; 9:251-284. [PMID: 34104560 PMCID: PMC8158286 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2021.1902815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Research suggests dyadic interventions can increase physical activity; such interventions are untested within postpartum parent couples. Methods: A three-armed pilot randomized trial addressed this gap and tested which type of dyadic intervention is most effective. Inactive postpartum mothers and a significant other were recruited in Australia (n = 143 assessed for eligibility) and randomised in a single-blinded fashion (i.e. participants were blinded) to 1 of 3 dyadic conditions involving a single face-to-face session with access to web-based group support: a minimal treatment control (n = 34), collaborative planning group (n = 38), or collaborative planning + need supportive communication group (n = 30). Participants were asked to wear their accelerometers for 8 days and completed self-report measures at baseline, end of intervention (week 4), and follow-up (week 12). We expected dyads in the collaborative planning + need supportive communication group would have the greatest increases in Physical Activity (PA), autonomous motivation, and partners' need supportive behaviours; and decreases in controlled motivation and controlling partner behaviours. Results: Results from 51 dyads using Bayesian actor-partner interdependence models provided some evidence for a small positive effect on total PA at follow-up for postpartum mothers in the collaborative planning group and for partners in the collaborative planning + need supportive communication group. Furthermore, partners in the collaborative planning + need supportive communication group were more likely to engage in some vigorous PA. At follow-up, postpartum mothers in the collaborative planning + need supportive communication group scored lower on personal autonomous reasons. Conclusions: The impact of prior specification mean intervention effects need to be interpreted with caution. Progression to a full trial is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Margaret Carr
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.,Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Eleanor Quested
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Daniel Frank Gucciardi
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Joanne McVeigh
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,School of Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Physical Activity and Well-being Research Group, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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17
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Associations Between Major Life Changes and Pedometer-Determined Physical Activity Over 4 Years in Middle-Aged Adults in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:199-205. [PMID: 33465763 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine if major life changes over a 4-year period among 34- to 49-year-old adults (mean = 41.8, SD = 5.0) were associated with a change in physical activity in men (37.7%) and women (62.3%). METHODS Daily steps and aerobic steps (steps that lasted for at least 10 min without interruption at a pace of >60 steps/min) were collected from 1051 participants in 2007 and 2011. Changes in marital status, work status, and residence and the birth of a child were determined from both time points. A latent change score model was used to examine mean changes in daily total steps, aerobic steps, and nonaerobic steps (total steps minus aerobic steps). RESULTS Women who had a first child in the 4-year period had a decrease in their nonaerobic steps (P = .001). Men who divorced in the 4-year period had a decrease in their nonaerobic steps (P = .020), whereas women who recoupled decreased their total steps (P = .030). CONCLUSIONS Counseling for parents having a first child on how to increase physical activity in their everyday life could potentially have an influence on an individual's physical activity.
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18
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Okafor UB, Goon DT. Physical activity and exercise during pregnancy in Africa: a review of the literature. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:732. [PMID: 33238920 PMCID: PMC7691114 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy is an important phase in a woman's life, with health status at this stage affecting both the woman and her child's life. Global evidence suggests that many women engage in low levels of physical activity (PA) and exercise during pregnancy despite its beneficial effects. This is particularly the case in Africa. METHODS This article reviews the literature on levels of PA and exercise among pregnant women in Africa, highlighting the level of PA or exercise participation during pregnancy in Africa, including types of PA, factors affecting PA, beliefs about and benefits of prenatal activity, advice or counselling on PA during pregnancy in Africa, and PA interventions proposed to promote the uptake of prenatal PA. Electronic search databases used were Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, EMBASE, ERIC, Medline, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, PubMed, BIOMED Central, and African Journal Online. The basic search terms were: 'Physical activity', 'Exercise', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnant women' and 'Africa'. A total of 40 references were found. On the basis of an analysis of titles, abstracts and the language of publication (other than English), 11 articles were rejected, and 29 articles were fully read, although two had to be rejected due to a lack of access to the full version. Finally, 27 references were included in the review. RESULTS Few studies exist on PA during pregnancy in Africa. The limited data available suggests that, compared to the Western world, pregnant women in Africa do not adhere to the recommendations for PA during pregnancy. Levels of participation in PA during pregnancy are low and decline as the pregnancy progresses. The majority of the studies used direct, objective measures to assess PA during pregnancy. Personal and environmental factors such as lack of time, lack of knowledge, inadequate information from healthcare providers, feelings of tiredness and an absence of social support constituted the main barriers to PA during pregnancy. The types of PA participation among pregnant women varied across studies and geographical settings. CONCLUSIONS While published data is limited, it seems clear that the participation of pregnant women in PA during pregnancy in Africa is low and declines with advancing pregnancy. There is a need for more studies to examine the dynamics of PA during pregnancy in Africa to guide contextual interventions to improve and promote maternal health on the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna Benedine Okafor
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Fort Hare, 50 Church Street, 5201, East London, South Africa.
| | - Daniel Ter Goon
- Department of Public Health, University of Fort Hare, 05 Oxford Street, East London, South Africa
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19
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Cohabiting and becoming a parent: associations with changes in physical activity in the 1970 British cohort study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1085. [PMID: 32650747 PMCID: PMC7353783 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We examined the association between family–related life events (cohabitation/marriage and becoming a parent) and change in physical activity. Methods Longitudinal data (n = 8045) from the 1970 British Cohort Study (30 and 34 years) were included. Life events (beginning cohabitation/marriage and becoming a parent) were reported and coded: 0 no, 1 yes, for each event occurring between 30 and 34 years. Participants reported frequency of participation in leisure-time physical activity at 30 and 34 years (Likert scale: mean change calculated ranging between − 4 and 4). Linear regression models were used to examine the association between life events and physical activity change (comparing individuals experiencing events between 30 and 34 years versus never experiencing the event - excluding participants that experienced previous events – with a final analysis sample of n = 3833 in parenthood analysis; n = 1137 in cohabitation analysis). Interaction terms were used to analyse combined parenthood and cohabitation status. Analyses were adjusted for level of education achieved, ethnicity, country of origin and other life events. ANCOVA was used to examine associations between change in physical activity and child age. Results Compared to remaining without children, becoming a parent was associated with a greater reduction in physical activity among men [β:-0.234(95%CI:-0.396 to − 0.072)] but not women [0.126(− 0.048;0.301)]. No associations were found between cohabitation and physical activity. Men who became fathers both while cohabitating [− 0.201(− 0.383;-0.020)] and without cohabiting [− 0.937(− 1.623;-0.250)] experienced greater physical activity declines than those remaining single and without children; the decline was greatest among non-cohabiting fathers. These associations did not differ by child age. Conclusions Parenthood appears to differentially impact physical activity for men and women; this association also differs by cohabitation status. Parenthood appears to be most detrimental to physical activity levels among men. Interventions for physical activity could target new or soon-to-be parents, especially fathers. Further analyses with device-measured physical activity data would be valuable to advance understanding of these associations.
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20
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Gropper H, John JM, Sudeck G, Thiel A. The impact of life events and transitions on physical activity: A scoping review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234794. [PMID: 32569282 PMCID: PMC7307727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is a fluctuating behavior and prone to change across the life course. Changes in PA may be particularly due to the experience of life events and transitions. For well-timed and successful PA interventions, it is important to understand when and why individuals take up or terminate PA. OBJECTIVES This scoping review aims to examine the extent, range, and nature of research on the impact of life events and transitions on PA and to summarize key findings. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Articles were included if they had been published in peer-reviewed journals between 1998 and 2020 and assessed the impact of at least one life event or transition on PA. RESULTS 107 studies that assessed 72 distinct life events and transitions were included and summarized in ten categories. Events and transitions that are primarily associated with decreases in PA were starting cohabitation, getting married, pregnancy, evolving parenthood, and the transitions from kindergarten to primary school, from primary to secondary school, and from high school to college or into the labor market. Retirement was associated with increases in PA; yet, long-term trajectories across retirement indicated a subsequent drop in activity levels. Divorce was associated with no changes in PA. No trends could be identified for changing work conditions, quitting or losing a job, starting a new relationship, widowhood, moving, and diagnosis of illness. CONCLUSION Life events and transitions can be conceptualized as natural interventions that occur across the life course and that are oftentimes associated with changes in PA behavior. Our study indicates that, despite some emerging trends, similar events do not necessarily have similar impacts on PA across individuals. It also shows that the research landscape is characterized by a lack of conceptual clarity and by disparate methodologies, making it difficult to synthesize results across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Gropper
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jannika M. John
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gorden Sudeck
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ansgar Thiel
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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21
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Nezami BT, Jakicic JM, Lang W, Davis K, Tate DF. Examining barriers, physical activity, and weight change among parents and nonparents in a weight loss intervention. Obes Sci Pract 2020; 6:264-271. [PMID: 32523715 PMCID: PMC7278899 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about the influence of children in the home on physical activity and weight among adults in weight loss interventions. This study evaluated the association between number of children in the home, weight loss, and weight regain in a behavioural weight loss intervention, and whether those relationships were mediated in sequence by physical activity barriers and physical activity changes. METHODS The sample included 267 participants from a randomized trial who had complete data on study variables. Variables at baseline, 6, and 18 months included physical activity barriers, objectively measured minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and objectively measured weight used to calculate percent weight loss (PWL) from baseline to 6 months and percent weight regained (PWG) from 6 to 18 months. RESULTS A greater number of children in the home was associated with less PWL at 6 months. This relationship was mediated by greater baseline physical activity barriers and a smaller increase in MVPA at 6 months. The mediated effect was no longer significant when controlling for changes in dietary intake. There was no relationship between number of children and PWG from 6 to 18 months. CONCLUSIONS Parents may need unique intervention supports to overcome barriers to initiation of physical activity to help them reach optimal weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke T. Nezami
- Department of NutritionUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - John M. Jakicic
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, Healthy Lifestyle Institute, Physical Activity and Weight Management Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Wei Lang
- UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Zentrum Alter und MobilitätStadtspital WaidZurichSwitzerland
| | - Kelliann Davis
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, Physical Activity and Weight Management Research CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Deborah F. Tate
- Departments of Health Behavior and NutritionUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina
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22
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Corder K, Winpenny EM, Foubister C, Guagliano JM, Hartwig XM, Love R, Clifford Astbury C, van Sluijs EM. Becoming a parent: A systematic review and meta-analysis of changes in BMI, diet, and physical activity. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12959. [PMID: 31955517 PMCID: PMC7078970 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity prevalence rises fastest during young adulthood when weight, diet, and physical activity may be influenced by life events, including becoming a parent, but the impact is uncertain. We searched six electronic databases to July 2019 for longitudinal studies (both sexes) aged 15 to 35 years with a prospective pre-pregnancy/parenthood and post-delivery outcome. Of 11 studies (across 15 papers), six studies (women only) were eligible for meta-analysis of the difference in change in body mass index (BMI; kg/m2 ) between remaining without children and becoming a parent. Mean (±SD) BMI gain for non-mothers was 2.8 ± 1.3 kg/m2 (~7.5 kg for 164-cm woman) over 5.6 ± 3.1 years; 12.3% of baseline BMI (22.8 ± 2.5 kg/m2 ). Becoming a mother was associated with an additional BMI increase of 0.47 ± 0.26 kg/m2 (~1.3 kg), 4.3% of baseline BMI (22.8 ± 5.6 kg/m2 ); the one study including men reported no difference in change. Physical activity results were equivocal; 2/4 studies (women) and 2/2 (men) showed a greater decline in parents versus non-parents; diet (three studies) varied by dietary measure, mostly indicating no difference. Becoming a mother is associated with 17% greater absolute BMI gain than remaining childless. Motherhood BMI gain is additional to an alarming BMI increase among young women, highlighting the need for obesity prevention among all young women, including mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Corder
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic ScienceUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - Eleanor M. Winpenny
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic ScienceUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - Campbell Foubister
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic ScienceUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - Justin M. Guagliano
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic ScienceUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - Xenia M. Hartwig
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic ScienceUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - Rebecca Love
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic ScienceUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - Chloe Clifford Astbury
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic ScienceUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
| | - Esther M.F. van Sluijs
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic ScienceUniversity of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeUK
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Volling BL, Cabrera NJ, Feinberg ME, Jones DE, McDaniel BT, Liu S, Almeida D, Lee JK, Schoppe-Sullivan SJ, Feng X, Gerhardt ML, Dush CMK, Stevenson MM, Safyer P, Gonzalez R, Lee JY, Piskernik B, Ahnert L, Karberg E, Malin J, Kuhns C, Fagan J, Kaufman R, Dyer WJ, Parke RD, Cookston JT. Advancing Research and Measurement on Fathering and Child Development. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 2019; 84:7-160. [PMID: 31034620 DOI: 10.1111/mono.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fathers are more than social accidents. Research has demonstrated that fathers matter to children's development. Despite noted progress, challenges remain on how best to conceptualize and assess fathering and father-child relationships. The current monograph is the result of an SRCD-sponsored meeting of fatherhood scholars brought together to discuss these challenges and make recommendations for best practices for incorporating fathers in studies on parenting and children's development. The first aim of this monograph was to provide a brief update on the current state of research on fathering and to lay out a developmental ecological systems perspective as a conceptual framework for understanding the different spaces fathers inhabit in their children's lives. Because there is wide variability in fathers' roles, the ecological systems perspective situates fathers, mothers, children, and other caregivers within an evolving network of interrelated social relationships in which children and their parents change over time and space (e.g., residence). The second aim was to present examples of empirical studies conducted by members of the international working group that highlighted different methods, data collection, and statistical analyses used to capture the variability in father-child relationships. The monograph ends with a commentary that elaborates on the ecological systems framework with a discussion of the broader macrosystem and social-contextual influences that impinge on fathers and their children. The collection of articles contributes to research on father-child relationships by advancing theory and presenting varied methods and analysis strategies that assist in understanding the father-child relationship and its impact on child development.
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Reimers AK, Schmidt SCE, Demetriou Y, Marzi I, Woll A. Parental and peer support and modelling in relation to domain-specific physical activity participation in boys and girls from Germany. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223928. [PMID: 31665192 PMCID: PMC6821055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) as a precondition of child development is related with social environmental correlates. However, domain-specific PA and gender issues have been neglected in studies on social support and modelling and PA in school-aged children. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships of parental and peer modelling and social support with domain-specific PA participation in a large sample of school-aged children, taking gender into account. Methods 3,505 school children aged 6 to 17 years old participated in the German nationwide ‘MoMo’ cohort-study. By using the MoMo-PAQ the participants and their parents provided self-report data on perceived social support and social modelling and domain-specific PA participation. Relationships of social environmental variables and the physical outcomes were analysed by logistic regression analyses. Results At secondary school level, girls were less likely than boys to participate in physical activity in and outside of sports clubs, extra-curricular physical activity and in outdoor play (p < 0.05), but at primary school level this pattern only applied to club sport (p < 0.01). Girls also received less social support than boys (p < 0.01). Physical activity participation in all domains was associated with any of the social support and modelling variables and differences between physical activity domains and between boys and girls occurred. Most consistently physical activity in sports clubs was related with the social environmental correlates in boys (primary school: R2 = 0.60; secondary school: R2 = 0.45) and girls (primary school: R2 = 0.53; secondary school: R2 = 0.47). Conclusions In future, reciprocal relationships of social environmental variables and PA should be considered in longitudinal studies to obtain insights into the direction of the associations. Furthermore, interventions encompassing the social environment and focussed particularly on the promotion of domain-specific PA in girls in secondary school-age are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K. Reimers
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Steffen C. E. Schmidt
- Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yolanda Demetriou
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Marzi
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Dlugonski D, Das BM, Martin TR. Impact of a standard versus collective-efficacy enhanced intervention to increase physical activity among mothers. Psychol Health 2019; 35:239-253. [PMID: 31204499 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1626397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Mothers have lower moderate-to-vigorous physical activity than non-mothers and this negatively impacts health. Group dynamics interventions have been successful for increasing physical activity, yet studies using these strategies among mothers are limited and rely on self-reported physical activity. The goal of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a collective-efficacy enhanced physical activity intervention that used group dynamics principles compared to a standard group-based intervention. Design: Mothers (N = 86) were randomly assigned to a 6-week intervention (collective-efficacy enhanced) or standard health education/walking group. Main outcome measures: participants wore pedometers for 1-week and completed a self-efficacy questionnaire at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up. Results: There were statistically significant increases in activity minutes (p = 0.05) and step counts (p = 0.049) and no changes in self-efficacy (p = 0.74) from pre- to post-intervention. There were no group by time interactions for changes in physical activity or self-efficacy. None of the changes in physical activity were maintained at follow-up. Conclusions: There is a continued need to understand how to use social factors to promote sustained physical activity among mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Dlugonski
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Bhibha M Das
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Tiesha R Martin
- Center for Sport Leadership, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Deliens T, Versele V, Vanden Eynde H, Clarys P, Devlieger R, Bogaerts A, Gucciardo L, Schreurs A, Van Holsbeke C, Aerenhouts D. Body weight, body composition and energy balance related behaviour during the transition to parenthood: study protocol of a multi-centre observational follow-up study (TRANSPARENTS). BMC Public Health 2019; 19:516. [PMID: 31060535 PMCID: PMC6501312 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transition to parenthood is a cornerstone event for both parents, potentially leading to relevant changes in lifestyle and behaviour. In women, the metabolic changes during and after pregnancy and the deleterious effects of excessive gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention have been extensively described. However, there is no full understanding about which specific energy balance related behaviours (EBRB) contribute to unfavourable weight gain and weight retention. Furthermore, information on how transition to parenthood affects men is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to investigate changes in body weight, body composition and EBRB in couples transitioning to parenthood. Methods TRANSPARENTS is a multi-centre observational follow-up study that focuses on body weight, body composition and EBRB during the transition to parenthood. Couples (women and men) will be recruited during the first trimester of their first pregnancy. Study visits will occur at four occasions (12 weeks of pregnancy, 6 weeks postpartum, 6 months postpartum and 12 months postpartum). Anthropometrics of the parents and new-borns will be assessed including body weight, height/length, body composition (using bio-electrical impedance analysis and measurement of four skinfold thicknesses (biceps, triceps, subscapular and supraspinal/suprailiac)) and waist and hip circumference. Dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, smoking habits, sleeping pattern, fatigue, diet and exercise related partner support, mental health, breastfeeding, contraception use, and socio-demographics will be assessed using a questionnaire. In addition, accelerometry will be used to assess physical activity and sedentary behaviour objectively. Also data from women’s medical record, such as pre-pregnancy weight and pregnancy outcomes, will be included. Multilevel modelling will be used to evaluate maternal and paternal changes in body weight, body composition and EBRB during and after pregnancy (primary outcomes). Multiple linear regression analyses will be performed to identify predictors of changes in body weight, body composition and EBRB. All analyses will be adjusted for possible confounders. Discussion TRANSPARENTS is a unique project identifying vulnerable parents and (un)favourable changes in EBRB throughout this potentially critical life period. Provided insights will facilitate the development of effective intervention strategies to help couples towards a healthy transition to parenthood. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03454958. Registered March 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Deliens
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Vickà Versele
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Vanden Eynde
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Clarys
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roland Devlieger
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annick Bogaerts
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Leonardo Gucciardo
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.,Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Hospital Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annick Schreurs
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessa Ziekenhuis, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Caroline Van Holsbeke
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Schiepse Bos 6, 3600, Genk, Belgium
| | - Dirk Aerenhouts
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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27
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Scharp KM, Dorrance Hall E. Examining the Relationship Between Undergraduate Student Parent Social Support-Seeking Factors, Stress, and Somatic Symptoms: A Two-Model Comparison of Direct and Indirect Effects. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2019; 34:54-64. [PMID: 29083239 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2017.1384427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 4.8 million undergraduate students are also raising at least one child but only 26% of these student parents will graduate within six years. This study aimed to examine how academic and parenting stress influence the relationship between support-seeking factors (i.e., the costs of seeking support and communicated support availability) and somatic health symptoms such as headaches, sleep disruption, and exercise. Two parallel mediation models (n = 185 undergraduate student parents) are compared and revealed strong patterns of indirect effects. Intrapersonal and interpersonal costs indirectly influenced somatic symptoms through academic and parenting stress. Stress also mediated the relationship between support seeking factors and somatic symptoms. Theoretical implications and practical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Scharp
- a Department of Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies , Family Communication and Relationships Lab Utah State University
| | - Elizabeth Dorrance Hall
- b Department of Communication , Family Communication and Relationships Lab Michigan State University
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28
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Goals Matter: Exercising for Well-Being But Not Health or Appearance Predicts Future Exercise Among Parents. J Phys Act Health 2018; 15:857-865. [PMID: 30314419 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2017-0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many parents are insufficiently active. Further research is needed to understand the goals that drive sustained exercise participation among parents. The purpose of this study was to use self-determination theory derived constructs to examine the relationship between parents' exercise goals and their autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and exercise behavior across 1 year. METHODS Mothers (n = 226) and fathers (n = 70) of children less than 16 years completed the Exercise Motivations Inventory-2 and, 1 year later, the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 and Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the longitudinal relationships between exercise goals and autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and leisure-time exercise. RESULTS All goals except weight management were significantly associated with autonomous motivation, whereas only weight and appearance goals predicted controlled motivation. Exercising for stress management and revitalization, but not health- or appearance-related goals, was significantly related to exercise behavior over 1 year. CONCLUSIONS Only goals related to immediate affective outcomes were associated with both autonomous motivation and exercise behavior over time. These findings support recent calls to "rebrand exercise" as a means to improve daily well-being. Such goals may drive parents to prioritize exercise because they value the immediate benefits it provides.
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29
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Pinto Pereira SM, Power C. Change in health and social factors in mid-adulthood and corresponding changes in leisure-time physical inactivity in a prospective cohort. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:89. [PMID: 30219081 PMCID: PMC6139142 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To identify whether changes in adult health and social factors are associated with simultaneous changes in inactivity. Methods Health, social factors and leisure-time inactivity (activity frequency < 1/week) were self-reported at 33y and 50y in the 1958 British birth cohort (N = 12,271). Baseline (33y) health and social factors and also patterns of change in factors 33y-to-50y were related to inactivity 33y-to-50y (never inactive, persistently inactive, deteriorating to inactivity, or improving from inactivity) using multinomial logistic regression. Results Approximately 31% were inactive at 33y and 50y; 35% changed status 33y-to-50y (17% deteriorating to inactivity, 18% improving from inactivity). Baseline poor health and obesity were associated with subsequent (33y-to-50y) inactivity; e.g. for poor health, relative risk ratios (RRRs) for deteriorating to inactivity (vs never inactive) and improving from inactivity (vs persistently inactive) were 1.38(1.16,1.64) and 0.77(0.63,0.94) respectively. Adverse changes in health and weight were associated with simultaneous adverse changes in inactivity; e.g. worsening health (vs always good/excellent health) was associated with higher risk of deteriorating to inactivity (RRR:2.20(1.85,2.62)) and lower risk of improving from inactivity (RRR:0.61(0.49,0.77)). However, improving health and weight loss were not associated with improving from inactivity. Worsening self-efficacy 33y-to-50y was associated with lower risk of improving from inactivity; there was no association between improving self-efficacy and inactivity change. Downward social mobility was not associated with deteriorating to or improving from inactivity. Changes in depression symptom level, marriage/co-habitation or parenthood 33y-to-50y were not associated with inactivity changes. No associations were observed for employment. Conclusions Associated changes in mid-life health factors with deleterious inactivity changes, highlight the importance of maintaining health, weight and self-efficacy across adulthood to deter inactivity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-018-0723-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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30
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Saxbe D, Corner GW, Khaled M, Horton K, Wu B, Khoddam HL. The weight of fatherhood: identifying mechanisms to explain paternal perinatal weight gain. Health Psychol Rev 2018; 12:294-311. [PMID: 29712505 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2018.1463166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Men appear to gain weight during the transition to parenthood, and fathers are heavier than non-fathers. Paternal perinatal weight gain may set weight trajectories in midlife and have long-term health implications. Since men do not undergo the physical demands of pregnancy and breastfeeding, the specific mechanisms underlying weight gain in new fathers warrant investigation. This review aims to stimulate research on paternal perinatal weight gain by suggesting testable potential mechanisms that (1) show change across the transition to parenthood and (2) play a role in weight and body composition. We identify seven mechanisms, within three categories: behavioural mechanisms (sleep, physical activity, and diet), hormonal mechanisms (testosterone and cortisol), and psychological mechanisms (depression and stress). We also discuss direct effects of partner pregnancy influences (e.g., 'couvade syndrome') on men's body weight. In presenting each mechanism, we discuss how it may be affected by the transition to parenthood, and then review its role in body composition and weight. Next, we describe bidirectional and interactive effects, discuss timing, and present three broad research questions to propel theoretical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darby Saxbe
- a Department of Psychology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Geoffrey W Corner
- a Department of Psychology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Mona Khaled
- a Department of Psychology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Katelyn Horton
- a Department of Psychology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Brian Wu
- b Keck School of Medicine , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Hannah Lyden Khoddam
- a Department of Psychology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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31
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Quinlan A, Rhodes RE, Beauchamp MR, Symons Downs D, Warburton DER, Blanchard CM. Evaluation of a physical activity intervention for new parents: protocol paper for a randomized trial. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:875. [PMID: 29121884 PMCID: PMC5679193 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying critical life transitions in people’s physical activity behaviors may illuminate the most opportune intervention apertures for chronic disease prevention. A substantive evidence base now indicates that parenthood is one of these critical transition points for physical activity decline. This study will examine whether a brief theory-based intervention can prevent a decline in physical activity among new parents over 6 months following intervention. This study protocol represents the first dyad-based physical activity initiative in the parenthood literature involving both mothers and fathers; prior research has focused on only mothers or only fathers (albeit limited), and has shown only short-term changes in physical activity. This study will be investigating whether a theory-based physical activity intervention can maintain or improve moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity measured via accelerometry of new parents over a 6 month period following intervention compared to a control group. Methods This study is a 6-month longitudinal randomized controlled trial. Parents are measured at baseline (2 months postpartum) with two assessment points at 6 weeks (3.5 months postpartum) and 3 months (5 months postpartum) and a final follow-up assessment at 6 months (8 months postpartum). The content of the theory-based intervention was derived from the results of our prior longitudinal trial of new parents using an adapted theory of planned behavior framework to predict changes in physical activity. Results A total of 152 couples have been recruited to date. Sixteen couples dropped out after baseline and a total of 88 couples have completed their 6-month measures. Discussion If the intervention proves successful, couple-based physical activity promotion efforts among parents could be a promising avenue to pursue to help mitigate the declines of physical activity levels during parenthood. These findings could inform public health materials and practitioners. Trial registration This trial has been registered with the Clinical Trials Registry maintained by the National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health on April 19, 2014. The registration ID is NCT02290808. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-017-4874-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Quinlan
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, B.C., V8P-5C2, Canada.
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, B.C., V8P-5C2, Canada
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32
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Brown DM, Barbara A, Cohen AK, Rehkopf DH. Motherhood, Fatherhood and Midlife Weight Gain in a US Cohort: Associations differ by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position. SSM Popul Health 2017; 3:558-565. [PMID: 29204513 PMCID: PMC5711467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While there is an association of greater short-term weight gain with childbearing among women, less is known about longer-term weight gain, whether men have similar gains, and how this varies by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position. Our cohort consisted of a nationally representative sample of 7356 Americans with oversampling of Black and Hispanic populations. We estimated the associations between number of biological children and parental weight, measured as both change in self-reported body mass index (BMI) from age 18 and overweight/obese status (BMI ≥ 25) at age 40. We performed multivariate linear and logistic regression analysis and tested for effect modification by gender. For change in BMI, men gained on average 0.28 BMI (95% CI: (0.01, 0.55)) units per child, while women gained 0.13 units per child (95% CI: (-0.22, 0.48)). The adjusted odds ratios for overweight/obesity associated with each child were 1.32 (95% CI: (1.11, 1.58)) for men and 1.15 (95% CI: (1.01, 1.31)) for women. Stratified analyses by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position suggested that the observed full-cohort differences were driven primarily by gendered differences in low-income Hispanics and Whites – with the greatest associations among Hispanic men. For example, among low-income Hispanic men we observed a positive relationship between the number of children and weight change by age 40, with average weight change of 0.47 units per child (95%CI: (-0.65, 1.59 For low-income Hispanic women, however, the average weight change was -0.59 units per child (95%CI: (-1.70, 0.47), and the P-value for the test of interaction between gender and number of children was P < 0.001. Our findings suggest that the shared social and economic aspects of raising children play an important role in determining parental weight at mid-life. Researchers have seen associations between having a child and short term weight gain. We examined the relationship of having children with long term weight gain by gender. We did not observe any evidence that women tended to gain more weight than men. In some subcohorts, we observed stronger associations among men than women. Hispanics of lower socioeconomic position had the strongest gendered difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Brown
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Abrams Barbara
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Alison K Cohen
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - David H Rehkopf
- Division of General Medical Disciplines, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
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Fazzi C, Saunders DH, Linton K, Norman JE, Reynolds RM. Sedentary behaviours during pregnancy: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:32. [PMID: 28298219 PMCID: PMC5353895 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the general population, at least 50% of time awake is spent in sedentary behaviours. Sedentary behaviours are activities that expend less energy than 1.5 metabolic equivalents, such as sitting. The amount of time spent in sedentary behaviours is a risk factor for diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and death from all causes. Even individuals meeting physical activity guidelines are at a higher risk of premature death and adverse metabolic outcomes if they sit for extended intervals. The associations between sedentary behaviour with type 2 diabetes and with impaired glucose tolerance are stronger for women than for men. It is not known whether sedentary behaviour in pregnancy influences pregnancy outcomes, but if those negative outcomes observed in general adult population also occur in pregnancy, this could have implications for adverse outcomes for mothers and offspring. We aimed to determine the proportion of time spent in sedentary behaviours among pregnant women, and the association of sedentary behaviour with pregnancy outcomes in mothers and offspring. Methods Two researchers independently performed the literature search using 5 different electronic bibliographic databases. Studies were included if sedentary behaviours were assessed during pregnancy. Two reviewers independently assessed the articles for quality and bias, and extracted the relevant information. Results We identified 26 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Pregnant women spent more than 50% of their time in sedentary behaviours. Increased time in sedentary behaviour was significantly associated with higher levels of C Reactive Protein and LDL Cholesterol, and a larger newborn abdominal circumference. Sedentary behaviours were significantly higher among women who delivered macrosomic infants. Discrepancies were found in associations of sedentary behaviour with gestational weight gain, hypertensive disorders, and birth weight. No consistent associations were found between sedentary behaviour and other variables such as gestational diabetes. There was considerable variability in study design and methods of assessing sedentary behaviour. Conclusions Our review highlights the significant time spent in sedentary behaviour during pregnancy, and that sedentary behaviour may impact on pregnancy outcomes for both mother and child. The considerable heterogeneity in the literature suggests future studies should use robust methodology for quantifying sedentary behaviour. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0485-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Fazzi
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC/University of Edinburgh, Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.,Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Metropolitan University of Educational Sciences, Santiago, Chile
| | - David H Saunders
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre (PAHRC), Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Linton
- Metabolic Unit Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XE, United Kingdom.,University BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jane E Norman
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC/University of Edinburgh, Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC/University of Edinburgh, Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom. .,University BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Huffman S, Szafron M. Social correlates of leisure-time sedentary behaviours in Canadian adults. Prev Med Rep 2017; 5:268-274. [PMID: 28149708 PMCID: PMC5279861 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the correlates of sedentary behaviour among adults is needed to design health interventions to modify this behaviour. This study explored the associations of social correlates with leisure-time sedentary behaviour of Canadian adults, and whether these associations differ between different types of sedentary behaviour. A sample of 12,021 Canadian adults was drawn from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey, and analyzed using binary logistic regression to model the relationships that marital status, the presence of children in the household, and social support have with overall time spent sitting, using a computer, playing video games, watching television, and reading during leisure time. Covariates included gender, age, education, income, employment status, perceived health, physical activity level, body mass index (BMI), and province or territory of residence. Extensive computer time was primarily negatively related to being in a common law relationship, and primarily positively related to being single/never married. Being single/never married was positively associated with extensive sitting time in men only. Having children under 12 in the household was protective against extensive video game and reading times. Increasing social support was negatively associated with extensive computer time in men and women, while among men increasing social support was positively associated with extensive sitting time. Computer, video game, television, and reading time have unique correlates among Canadian adults. Marital status, the presence of children in the household, and social support should be considered in future analyses of sedentary activities in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Huffman
- University of Saskatchewan, Room E3340, Health Sciences Building, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Mailey EL, Hsu WW. Is a general or specific exercise recommendation more effective for promoting physical activity among postpartum mothers? J Health Psychol 2017; 24:964-978. [PMID: 28810385 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316687627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This comparative effectiveness trial examined the effects of a behavior change intervention supplemented by a general or specific exercise recommendation on physical activity among postpartum mothers. Participants ( N = 49) attended three workshop sessions that provided the exercise recommendation and taught self-regulatory skills. Physical activity, self-efficacy, planning, and barriers were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up. Self-reported physical activity increased significantly in both groups ( p < .001), but the increase was larger in the general condition ( p = .03). Both groups reported increased planning and decreased barriers. Postpartum mothers may benefit from interventions that teach strategies for overcoming barriers while allowing them to choose preferred activities.
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Pot N, Keizer R. Physical activity and sport participation: A systematic review of the impact of fatherhood. Prev Med Rep 2016; 4:121-7. [PMID: 27413672 PMCID: PMC4929128 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA), including sport participation, is an important component of a healthy lifestyle. Scholars have devoted considerable attention to understanding the impact of parenthood on MVPA, albeit only for women. As the impact of fatherhood on men's lives is drawing more and more scholarly and societal attention, the aim of the current article is to provide an systematic overview of studies examining the impact of fatherhood on MVPA. A systematic review was conducted in Google Scholar, Web of Science and Web of Knowledge, using (combinations of) the search terms: father(hood), parent(hood), exercise, physical activity, sport and leisure time. This resulted in 54 papers reporting differences in MVPA and/or sport between fathers and childless men or within men that became father, of which 13 were included. Our overview of findings suggested that fathers spent less time on MVPA compared with childless men, but that fathers did not differ from their childless counterparts on the subarea of sport participation. Differences in time spent on MVPA were strongest between childless men and fathers with young children (< 6 yrs). Our systematic review revealed that fathers spent less time on MVPA compared to childless men, especially when they had young children. Interestingly, linkages between parental status and the subarea of sport participation were not found, which suggests that fathers cut back on other areas of MVPA. Given the impact of MVPA on a healthy lifestyle, future research in this field is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niek Pot
- School of Human Movement & Sports, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, Campus 2-6, 8017 CA Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Keizer
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Postbus 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 15804, 1001 NH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mailey EL, Phillips SM, Dlugonski D, Conroy DE. Overcoming barriers to exercise among parents: a social cognitive theory perspective. J Behav Med 2016; 39:599-609. [PMID: 27108160 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-016-9744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Parents face numerous barriers to exercise and exhibit high levels of inactivity. Examining theory-based determinants of exercise among parents may inform interventions for this population. The purpose of this study was to test a social-cognitive model of parental exercise participation over a 12-month period. Mothers (n = 226) and fathers (n = 70) of children <16 completed measures of exercise, barriers self-efficacy, perceived barriers, and exercise planning at baseline and 1 year later. Panel analyses were used to test the hypothesized relationships. Barriers self-efficacy was related to exercise directly and indirectly through perceived barriers and prioritization/planning. Prioritization and planning also mediated the relationship between perceived barriers and exercise. These paths remained significant at 12 months. These results suggest efforts to increase exercise in parents should focus on improving confidence to overcome exercise barriers, reducing perceptions of barriers, and helping parents make specific plans for prioritizing and engaging in exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Mailey
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, 1A Natatorium, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Siobhan M Phillips
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deirdre Dlugonski
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - David E Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Dlugonski D, Das BM, Martin T. Increasing collective efficacy for physical activity: Design and rationale of Moms UNITE for Health. Contemp Clin Trials 2015; 45:233-238. [PMID: 26358534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mothers are a population that engages in low levels of physical activity due to unique barriers to physical activity. As such, there is a need to develop and implement physical activity interventions for mothers that can be delivered in community settings. The objective of this article is to describe the Moms UNITE (Using Networks to Increase Togetherness and Efficacy) for Health walking intervention. This intervention, based on social cognitive theory, is designed to compare a collective efficacy enhanced intervention to a standard intervention for increasing physical activity and secondary outcomes. METHODS In this 6-week, randomized controlled trial, mothers will be assigned to either the standard or intervention (collective efficacy) group. Both groups will receive the same walking intervention and an evidence-based health education program. Strategies and messages focusing on building collective efficacy will be used in the intervention group. Data will be collected at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up (after a 3 month no-intervention period) using a mixed methods approach. RESULTS Quantitative data will include anthropometric measurements, objective physical activity, and questionnaires assessing self- and collective-efficacy. Post-intervention focus groups and weekly process evaluation surveys will describe participants' experiences within the program. CONCLUSIONS This paper will serve as a theoretical framework for researchers and public health practitioners to develop and implement community-based walking programs for mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhibha M Das
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, United States
| | - Tiesha Martin
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, United States
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity (PA) is foundational to human health, yet most people are inactive. A sound understanding of the determinants of PA may be instructive for building interventions and/or identifying critical target groups to promote PA. Most research on PA correlates has been biased by cross-sectional or passive prospective designs that fail to examine within-person analysis of PA change. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to collect and appraise the available literature on the predictors of PA change conceived broadly in terms of increases/decreases from baseline assessment as well as specifically in terms of adoption and maintenance. METHODS Eligible studies were from English, peer-reviewed published articles that examined predictors of natural change of PA over 3 months + using observational (non-experimental) data in adult samples. Searches were performed from June 2012 to January 2014 in eight databases. RESULTS Sixty-seven independent data-sets, from 12 countries, primarily of medium quality/risk of bias, were identified with 26 correlates spanning demographic, behavioral, intra-individual, inter-individual, and environmental categories. Only intention and the onset of motherhood could reliably predict overall PA change. Among datasets configured to predict PA adoption, affective judgments and behavioral processes of change were the only reliable predictors, although both only have a small number of available studies. There were no reliable predictors of maintenance when compared to PA relapse. CONCLUSION The results underscore the importance of individual-level motivation and behavioral regulation in PA change, but also denote critical social variables. These findings, however, are constrained by PA measurement bias and limited studies that employed time-varying covariation between predictor variables and PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, STN CSC, PO Box 3015, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P1, Canada,
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Bassett-Gunter RL, Levy-Milne R, Naylor PJ, Symons Downs D, Benoit C, Warburton DER, Blanchard CM, Rhodes RE. A comparison of Theory of Planned Behavior beliefs and healthy eating between couples without children and first-time parents. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2015; 47:216-224. [PMID: 25794990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) beliefs and eating behavior, explore which beliefs have the greatest association with eating behavior, and explore differences between adults without children and first-time parents. DESIGN Longitudinal evaluation via questionnaires and food records at baseline and 6 and 12 months. PARTICIPANTS Couples without children (n = 72) and first-time parents (n = 100). DEPENDENT VARIABLES fruit and vegetable consumption and fat consumption. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES TPB beliefs. ANALYSIS Pearson correlations between TPB beliefs and eating behavior; exploratory data reduction via linear regression. RESULTS Control beliefs were associated with eating behavior (r = .26-.46; P < .05). After controlling for past behavior, control beliefs were associated with eating behavior for first-time parents only. Control beliefs regarding preparation and time had the strongest associations with fruit and vegetable consumption for mothers (β = .26; P < .05) and fathers (β = .38; P < .01). The absence of a ceiling effect for control beliefs suggests room for improvement via intervention. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Interventions guided by TPB should target control beliefs to enhance healthy eating among new parents. Strategies (eg, individual, environmental, policy) to enhance control beliefs regarding healthy eating despite limited time and opportunity for preparation may be particularly valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryna Levy-Milne
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Patti Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Danielle Symons Downs
- Kinesiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | - Cecilia Benoit
- Department of Sociology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Darren E R Warburton
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris M Blanchard
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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The Power of Believing: Salient Belief Predictors of Exercise Behavior in Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Pregnant Women. J Phys Act Health 2014; 12:1168-76. [PMID: 25409425 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2014-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly 50% of U.S. women enter pregnancy as overweight or obese (OW/OB). There is a critical need to understand how to motivate OW/OB pregnant women for exercise behavior to improve their health and reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes. PURPOSE To examine salient Theory of Planned Behavior belief predictors of normal weight (NW) and OW/OB pregnant women's exercise behavior (EXB) across pregnancy. METHODS Pregnant women (N = 357) self-reported their exercise beliefs and behavior during each pregnancy trimester. Pearson correlations were used to examine exercise beliefs-behavior associations. Stepwise regressions were used to identify trimester (TRI) 1 and TRI 2 belief predictors of TRI 2 and TRI 3 EXB, respectively, for each weight status group. Belief endorsement was examined to identify critical beliefs. RESULTS TRI 1 EXB beliefs explained 58% of the total variance (22% NW, 36% OW/OB) in TRI 2 EXB. TRI 2 EXB beliefs explained 32% of the total variance (17% NW, 15% OW/OB) in TRI 3 EXB. Individual beliefs varied by weight status and trimester. Control beliefs emerged with the lowest endorsement; making them most critical to target for exercise interventions. CONCLUSION Prenatal exercise interventions should be weight status specific and target salient beliefs/barriers unique to the pregnancy trimesters.
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Gaston A, Edwards SA, Doelman A, Tober JA. The impact of parenthood on Canadians' objectively measured physical activity: an examination of cross-sectional population-based data. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1127. [PMID: 25363082 PMCID: PMC4232667 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parenthood has been associated with declines in leisure-time exercise and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), but less is known about its impact on sedentary time and light-intensity activity. Although the health benefits of MVPA are well established, a growing body of research has been showing that even after controlling for MVPA levels, a detrimental dose-response association exists between sedentary time and adverse health outcomes and a beneficial dose-response association exists for light-intensity activity. METHODS This study examined the impact of parenthood, the number of children in the home, and the age of the youngest child on objectively measured physical activity (i.e., accelerometer derived daily minutes of sedentary, light, and MVPA) among a nationally representative cross-sectional sample of 2234 men and women who participated in the 2009-2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey. RESULTS After controlling for sociodemographic variables, ANCOVAs indicated that parents engaged in more light activity but less MVPA than non-parents and women whose youngest child was aged 12-15 years were more sedentary than women without children. Among both men and women, having a child <6 years of age in the home was associated with the greatest amount of light activity and lowest MVPA. CONCLUSIONS Modest differences emerged between the physical activity level of parents and non-parents for both genders and across intensity levels. In general, parenthood was associated with less MVPA and more light-intensity activity, and more differences emerged among women compared to men. More research is needed before conclusions can be drawn regarding the health consequences of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Gaston
- />Brant County Health Unit, 194 Terrace Hill Street, Brantford, ON N3R 1G7 Canada
- />School of Kinesiology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Sarah A Edwards
- />Brant County Health Unit, 194 Terrace Hill Street, Brantford, ON N3R 1G7 Canada
| | - Amy Doelman
- />Brant County Health Unit, 194 Terrace Hill Street, Brantford, ON N3R 1G7 Canada
| | - Jo Ann Tober
- />Brant County Health Unit, 194 Terrace Hill Street, Brantford, ON N3R 1G7 Canada
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Sjögren Forss K, Ekvall Hansson E, Troein M, Stjernberg L. Patterns of physical activity among women and men before and during pregnancy. Public Health 2014; 128:814-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rhodes RE, Blanchard CM, Benoit C, Levy-Milne R, Jean Naylor P, Symons Downs D, Warburton DE. Belief-level markers of physical activity among young adult couples: Comparisons across couples without children and new parents. Psychol Health 2014; 29:1320-40. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2014.929687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mailey EL, Huberty J, Dinkel D, McAuley E. Physical activity barriers and facilitators among working mothers and fathers. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:657. [PMID: 24974148 PMCID: PMC4227023 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transition to parenthood is consistently associated with declines in physical activity. In particular, working parents are at risk for inactivity, but research exploring physical activity barriers and facilitators in this population has been scarce. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine perceptions of physical activity among working parents. Methods Working mothers (n = 13) and fathers (n = 12) were recruited to participate in one of four focus group sessions and discuss physical activity barriers and facilitators. Data were analyzed using immersion/crystallization in NVivo 10. Results Major themes for barriers included family responsibilities, guilt, lack of support, scheduling constraints, and work. Major themes for facilitators included being active with children or during children’s activities, being a role model for children, making time/prioritizing, benefits to health and family, and having support available. Several gender differences emerged within each theme, but overall both mothers and fathers reported their priorities had shifted to focus on family after becoming parents, and those who were fitting in physical activity had developed strategies that allowed them to balance their household and occupational responsibilities. Conclusions The results of this study suggest working mothers and fathers report similar physical activity barriers and facilitators and would benefit from interventions that teach strategies for overcoming barriers and prioritizing physical activity amidst the demands of parenthood. Future interventions might consider targeting mothers and fathers in tandem to create an optimally supportive environment in the home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Mailey
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, 1A Natatorium, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA.
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